GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 Dataset

Name: GO Biological Process Annotations 2023
Creator: Ma'ayan Laboratory of Computational Systems Biology
Keywords: structural or functional annotations

Description	curated annotations of genes with biological processes
Measurement	association by literature curation
Association	gene-biological process associations from curated gene annotations
Category	structural or functional annotations
Resource	Gene Ontology
Citation(s)	Gene, Ontology Consortium et al. (2017) Expansion of the Gene Ontology knowledgebase and resources. Nucleic Acids Res. 45:D331-8 Gene, Ontology Consortium et al. (2019) The Gene Ontology Resource: 20 years and still GOing strong. Nucleic Acids Res. 47:D330-8
Last Updated	2023 May 12
Stats	14798 genes 12318 biological processs 198050 gene-biological process associations

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Downloads	gene-attribute matrix gene-attribute edge list gene set library attribute set library gene similarity matrix attribute similarity matrix gene list attribute list processing scripts knowledge graph serializations

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Attribute Similarity
UMAP

biological process Gene Sets

12318 sets of genes participating in biological processes from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset.

Gene Set	Description
defense response to Gram-positive bacterium	Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-positive bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.
meiotic sister chromatid cohesion involved in meiosis I
homologous chromosome segregation	The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the first division of the meiotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner; this pairing off, referred to as synapsis, permits genetic recombination. One homolog (both sister chromatids) of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.
meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric	The cell cycle process in which centromeres of sister chromatids are joined during meiosis.
xenobiotic catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a xenobiotic compound, a compound foreign to living organisms. Used of chemical compounds, e.g. a xenobiotic chemical, such as a pesticide.
regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response.
neutrophil chemotaxis	The directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs in eukaryotic cells.
negative regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly	Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.
endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis	Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings.
positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus	Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin that contributes to the response of a cell to glucose.
negative regulation of neuron differentiation	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
neuron projection morphogenesis	The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites.
regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the cytosol of a cell or between the cytosol and its surroundings.
myoblast fusion	A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts fuse to existing fibers or to myotubes to form new fibers. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
myoblast fusion involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
skeletal muscle tissue regeneration	The regrowth of skeletal muscle tissue to repair injured or damaged muscle fibers in the postnatal stage.
plasma membrane fusion	The joining of two or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround a cell.
skeletal muscle organ development	The progression of a skeletal muscle organ over time from its initial formation to its mature state. A skeletal muscle organ includes the skeletal muscle tissue and its associated connective tissue.
establishment of left/right asymmetry
regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle.
cellular response to amino acid stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.
negative regulation of TORC1 signaling
enteroendocrine cell differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an enteroendocrine cell. Enteroendocrine cells are hormonally active epithelial cells in the gut that constitute the diffuse neuroendocrine system.
digestive tract morphogenesis	The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
alpha-beta T cell activation	The change in morphology and behavior of an alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
T cell receptor signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.
regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alternative splicing of nuclear mRNAs.
cytidine to uridine editing	The conversion of a cytosine residue to uridine in an RNA molecule by deamination.
positive regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway. A type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a type I interferon binding to a cell surface receptor.
3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization	An mRNA stabilization process in which one or more RNA-binding proteins associate with the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of an mRNA.
smoothened signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened.
axoneme assembly	The assembly and organization of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.
intraciliary anterograde transport	The directed movement of large protein complexes along microtubules from the cell body toward the tip of a cilium (also called flagellum), mediated by motor proteins.
cilium assembly	A process that is carried out at the cellular level and in which the structure of a cilium is organized.
protein localization to cilium	A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cilium.
protein polyubiquitination	Addition of multiple ubiquitin groups to a protein, forming a ubiquitin chain.
protein ubiquitination	The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a protein.
ubiquitin-dependent ERAD pathway	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteins transported from the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation. This process acts on misfolded proteins as well as in the regulated degradation of correctly folded proteins.
retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol	The directed movement of unfolded or misfolded proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol through the translocon.
placenta development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.
sprouting angiogenesis	The extension of new blood vessels from existing capillaries into avascular tissues resulting from the proliferation of blood vessel endothelial cells.
negative regulation of cytokinesis	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells.
positive regulation of DNA endoreduplication	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication.
cell cycle comprising mitosis without cytokinesis	A mitotic cell cycle in which mitosis is completed but cytokinesis does not occur, resulting in a cell containing multiple nuclei each with a chromosomal complement of the original ploidy (usually 2N).
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
trophoblast giant cell differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a trophoblast giant cell of the placenta. Trophoblast giant cells are the cell of the placenta that line the maternal decidua.
chorionic trophoblast cell differentiation	The process in which relatively unspecialized cells of the ectoplacental cone acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize chorionic trophoblasts. These cells will migrate towards the spongiotrophoblast layer and give rise to syncytiotrophoblasts of the labyrinthine layer.
hepatocyte differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a hepatocyte. A hepatocyte is specialized epithelial cell that is organized into interconnected plates called lobules, and is the main structural component of the liver.
ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of a ubiquitin group, or multiple ubiquitin groups, to the protein.
positive regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.
RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on an RNA polymerase II promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription by RNA polymerase.
positive regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II	Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved in starting transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
early endosome to Golgi transport	The directed movement of substances from early endosomes to the Golgi.
intermembrane lipid transfer
B cell receptor signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.
substrate-dependent cell migration, cell extension	The formation of a cell surface protrusion, such as a lamellipodium or filopodium, at the leading edge of a migrating cell.
Ras protein signal transduction	A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Ras superfamily of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
axonogenesis	De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon.
Cdc42 protein signal transduction	A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by the Cdc42 protein switching to a GTP-bound active state.
netrin-activated signaling pathway	A series of molecular events initiated by the binding of a netrin protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Netrins can act as chemoattractant signals for some cells and chemorepellent signals for others. Netrins also have roles outside of cell and axon guidance.
positive regulation of axon extension	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension.
endoplasmic reticulum polarization
actin filament bundle retrograde transport
regulation of establishment of cell polarity	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity.
positive regulation of neuron migration	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration.
hexose transmembrane transport	The directed movement of hexose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Hexoses are any aldoses with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase) in the mitochondrial inner membrane.
negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.
O-glycan processing	The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form a core O-glycan structure.
fat cell differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat.
protein heterooligomerization	The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers that are not all identical. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.
sensory perception of sound	The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound.
auditory receptor cell stereocilium organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of auditory hair cells.
stereocilium maintenance
regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.
autophagosome assembly	The formation of a double membrane-bounded structure, the autophagosome, that occurs when a specialized membrane sac, called the isolation membrane, starts to enclose a portion of the cytoplasm.
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.
positive regulation of autophagy	Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.
positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation	Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation is the phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.
protein destabilization	Any process that decreases the stability of a protein, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes or aggregation.
negative regulation of type I interferon production	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of type I interferon production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
negative regulation of type II interferon production	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.
defense response to bacterium	Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.
positive regulation of macrophage activation	Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of macrophage activation.
negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of -kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
regulation of protein-containing complex assembly	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.
negative regulation of defense response to virus	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of antiviral mechanisms, thereby facilitating viral replication.
negative regulation of inflammatory response	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.
protein stabilization	Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a protein and preventing it from degradation or aggregation.
defense response to Gram-negative bacterium	Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-negative bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.
positive regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interferon-gamma binding to a cell surface receptor.
protein lipidation involved in autophagosome assembly
CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade
selective autophagy
protein-containing complex assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a complex.
nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway	Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2).
protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy
cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
autophagosome maturation	The process in which autophagic vacuoles (also called autophagosomes), double-membraned vacuoles containing cytoplasmic material, undergo a stepwise maturation. The process includes fusion with both endosomal and lysosomal vesicles providing an acidic environment and digestive function to the interior of the autophagic vacuole.
cellular response to virus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.
negative regulation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway
negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly.
positive regulation of autophagosome maturation
positive regulation of mitophagy
positive regulation of xenophagy
positive regulation of lysosome organization
transcription by RNA polymerase II	The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
chloride transport	The directed movement of chloride into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity.
inflammatory response	The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.
positive regulation of gene expression	Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dentin-containing tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dentin-containing tooth is a hard, bony organ borne on the jaw or other bone of a vertebrate, and is composed mainly of dentin, a dense calcified substance, covered by a layer of enamel.
positive regulation of GTPase activity	Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.
positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in wound healing	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation, contributing to the restoration of integrity to a damaged tissue following an injury.
hydrogen peroxide catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
fatty acid alpha-oxidation	A metabolic pathway by which 3-methyl branched fatty acids are degraded. These compounds are not degraded by the normal peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway, because the 3-methyl blocks the dehydrogenation of the hydroxyl group by hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. The 3-methyl branched fatty acid is converted in several steps to pristenic acid, which can then feed into the beta-oxidative pathway.
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I.
synaptonemal complex assembly	The cell cycle process in which the synaptonemal complex is formed. This is a structure that holds paired chromosomes together during prophase I of meiosis and that promotes genetic recombination.
osteoclast differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of an osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue.
regulation of cell migration	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
fatty acid elongation, saturated fatty acid	Elongation of a saturated fatty acid chain.
fatty acid elongation, polyunsaturated fatty acid	Elongation of a fatty acid chain into which two or more C-C double bonds have been introduced.
long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs have chain lengths of C13 or more.
very long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.
negative regulation of interleukin-8 production	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production.
detection of bacterial lipoprotein	The series of events in which a bacterial lipoprotein stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Bacterial lipoproteins are lipoproteins characterized by the presence of conserved sequence motifs called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
skeletal system development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton).
eye development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The eye is the organ of sight.
superoxide metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species.
heart development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
extracellular matrix disassembly	A process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix.
bone development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components.
adipose tissue development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of adipose tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Adipose tissue is specialized tissue that is used to store fat.
podosome assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a podosome, an actin-rich adhesion structure characterized by formation upon cell substrate contact and localization at the substrate-attached part of the cell.
protein localization to membrane	A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in a membrane.
inner mitochondrial membrane organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial inner membrane.
limb morphogenesis	The process in which the anatomical structures of a limb are generated and organized. A limb is a paired appendage of a tetrapod used for locomotion or grasping.
positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.
membrane organization	A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
membrane tubulation
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
DNA damage response	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.
purine nucleoside metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
protein de-ADP-ribosylation	The process of removing one or more ADP-ribose residues from a protein.
peptidyl-glutamate ADP-deribosylation
3'-UTR-mediated mRNA destabilization	An mRNA destabilization process in which one or more RNA-binding proteins associate with the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of an mRNA.
skeletal muscle contraction	A process in which force is generated within skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and in most cases it is under voluntary control.
de novo centriole assembly involved in multi-ciliated epithelial cell differentiation	Centriole assembly in which a centriole arises de novo by a process involving an electron dense structure known as a deuterosome, rather than by duplication of an existing centriole.
retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum	The directed movement of substances from the Golgi back to the endoplasmic reticulum, mediated by vesicles bearing specific protein coats such as COPI or COG.
negative regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay.
threonyl-tRNA aminoacylation	The process of coupling threonine to threonyl-tRNA, catalyzed by threonyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
COP9 signalosome assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a COP9 signalosome.
positive regulation of T cell differentiation in thymus	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation in the thymus.
positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.
lysine catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
spermatid development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
oocyte development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
germline cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle	The process in which a germline cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.
microtubule bundle formation	A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules.
retina homeostasis	A tissue homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within the retina of the eye, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function.
regulation of protein localization to cilium	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium.
wybutosine biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wybutosine, 3H-imidazo[1,2-alpha]purine-7-butanoic acid, 4,9-dihydro- alpha-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]- 4,6-dimethyl-9-oxo- 3-beta-D-ribofuranosyl methyl ester, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.
endosome to lysosome transport	The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes.
protein catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
fucose metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving fucose, or 6-deoxygalactose, which has two enantiomers, D-fucose and L-fucose.
negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus.
negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
protein O-linked mannosylation	The transfer of mannose from dolichyl activated mannose to the hydroxyl group of a seryl or threonyl residue of a protein acceptor molecule, to form an O-linked protein-sugar linkage.
regulation of proteolysis	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of beta-amyloid formation.
regulation of protein catabolic process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an inositol lipid at the 3' position of the inositol ring.
early endosome to late endosome transport	The directed movement of substances, in membrane-bounded vesicles, from the early sorting endosomes to the late sorting endosomes; transport occurs along microtubules and can be experimentally blocked with microtubule-depolymerizing drugs.
protein maturation	Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
regulation of protein processing	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing, any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
positive regulation of fertilization
positive regulation of acrosome reaction	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the acrosome reaction.
histone mRNA metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving an mRNA encoding a histone.
mRNA 3'-end processing	Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an mRNA molecule.
positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	Any cell cycle regulatory process that promotes the commitment of a cell from G1 to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
double-strand break repair	The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix.
replication fork processing	The process in which a DNA replication fork that has stalled (due to DNA damage, DNA secondary structure, bound proteins, dNTP shortage, or other causes) is repaired and replication is restarted.
positive regulation of sequestering of triglyceride	Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of sequestering of triglyceride. Triglyceride sequestration is the process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.
lipid droplet organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lipid particle.
lipid droplet formation
macroautophagy	The major inducible pathway for the general turnover of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells, it is also responsible for the degradation of active cytoplasmic enzymes and organelles during nutrient starvation. Macroautophagy involves the formation of double-membrane-bounded autophagosomes which enclose the cytoplasmic constituent targeted for degradation in a membrane-bounded structure, which then fuse with the lysosome (or vacuole) releasing a single-membrane-bounded autophagic bodies which are then degraded within the lysosome (or vacuole). Though once thought to be a purely non-selective process, it appears that some types of macroautophagy, e.g. macropexophagy, macromitophagy, may involve selective targeting of the targets to be degraded.
multivesicular body assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a multivesicular body, a type of late endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.
protein transport to vacuole involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway	The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole using signals contained within the protein, occurring that contributes to protein catabolism via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway.
membrane fission	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the separation of a single continuous membrane into two membranes.
cilium movement	The directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.
determination of left/right symmetry	The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry.
outer dynein arm assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal dynein outer arm, an outer arm structure present on the outer doublet microtubules of ciliary and flagellar axonemes.
regulation of cilium assembly	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cilium assembly.
olfactory behavior	The behavior of an organism in response to an odor.
positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sperm motility.
proteolysis	The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds.
ether lipid biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ether lipids, lipids that contain (normally) one lipid alcohol in ether linkage to one of the carbon atoms (normally C-1) of glycerol.
endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport	The directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi.
vesicle coating	A protein coat is added to the vesicle to form the proper shape of the vesicle and to target the vesicle for transport to its destination.
inorganic cation transmembrane transport	A process in which an inorganic cation is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening	Shortening of the poly(A) tail of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length.
positive regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly	Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.
negative regulation of translation	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA.
negative regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway.
miRNA-mediated gene silencing	Downregulation of gene expression through the action of microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous 21-24 nucleotide small RNAs processed from stem-loop RNA precursors (pre-miRNAs). Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), miRNAs can downregulate gene expression by either of two posttranscriptional mechanisms: mRNA cleavage or translational repression.
negative regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity.
positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening	Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A) tail shortening of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA. Poly(A) tail shortening is the decrease in length of the poly(A) tail of an mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length.
positive regulation of mRNA catabolic process	Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of a mRNA catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.
positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay.
regulation of stem cell population maintenance	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell maintenance.
carnosine biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the dipeptide beta-alanyl-L-histidine (carnosine).
histidine catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.
homotypic cell-cell adhesion	The attachment of a cell to a second cell of the identical type via adhesion molecules.
positive regulation of cytokine production	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine.
positive regulation of T cell proliferation	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.
positive regulation of T cell activation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation.
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
embryonic heart tube development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic heart tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart tube forms as the heart rudiment from the heart field.
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
tongue development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tongue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in many other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.
digestive tract development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.
atrial cardiac muscle cell development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an atrial cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The atrium is the part of the heart that receives blood into the organ.
ventricular cardiac muscle cell development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ.
pharyngeal system development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pharyngeal system is a transient embryonic complex that is specific to vertebrates. It comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming: the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear.
pericardium development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pericardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the aorta, vena cava and the pulmonary artery.
BMP signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
negative regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokine mediated signaling pathway.
Toll signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to the receptor Toll on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
response to lipopolysaccharide	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
male gonad development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
glycerol biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.
glycerophospholipid metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue.
negative regulation of gluconeogenesis	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis.
mitophagy
cell-matrix adhesion	The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.
regulation of mitotic cell cycle	Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle.
negative regulation of viral genome replication	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
female gonad development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
cellular response to starvation	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
regulation of cell cycle	Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway.
positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.
positive regulation of protein oxidation
negative regulation of anion channel activity	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the anion channel activity.
positive regulation of cell migration	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
positive regulation of protein targeting to membrane	Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein.
inner dynein arm assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal dynein inner arm, an inner arm structure present on the outer doublet microtubules of ciliary and flagellar axonemes.
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) binding to a receptor on the surface of the cell, and which proceeds with the activated receptor transmitting the signal by promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
lipid transport	The directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lipids are compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.
positive regulation of platelet aggregation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex II, in the mitochondrial inner membrane.
plasma membrane organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plasma membrane.
phospholipid homeostasis	Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of phospholipid within an organism or cell.
membrane assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane.
actin filament organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking.
regulation of protein localization	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
positive regulation of meiotic nuclear division
establishment of spindle localization	The directed movement of the spindle to a specific location in the cell.
regulation of cell division	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells.
regulation of establishment of protein localization	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location.
positive regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination
positive regulation of double-strand break repair	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair.
leukotriene D4 biosynthetic process
otolith mineralization	The precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate with extracellular matrix proteins in the otolith organs of the vertebrate inner ear.
protein homooligomerization	The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of identical component monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
stem cell differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
dosage compensation by inactivation of X chromosome	Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global inactivation of all, or most of, the genes on one of the X-chromosomes in the XX sex.
nose development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nose over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity).
positive regulation of DNA repair	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.
inactivation of X chromosome by heterochromatin formation
negative regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination.
positive regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining.
activation of GTPase activity
positive regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy
negative regulation of interleukin-12 production	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-12 production.
negative regulation of interleukin-13 production	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-13 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production.
positive regulation of interleukin-10 production	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-10 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
positive regulation of inflammatory response	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.
positive regulation of cell activation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation.
positive regulation of calcium ion transport	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity	Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein tyrosine kinase activity.
lipoprotein transport	The directed movement of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
cytoskeleton organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
regulation of cell morphogenesis	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis. Cell morphogenesis is the developmental process in which the shape of a cell is generated and organized.
negative regulation of hippo signaling	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hippo signaling.
positive regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene silencing by miRNA.
rRNA base methylation	The addition of a methyl group to an atom in the nucleoside base portion of a nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule.
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.
female meiosis I	The cell cycle process in which the first meiotic division occurs in the female germline.
positive regulation of antimicrobial humoral response	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response.
negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway.
negative regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.
cellular response to interferon-beta	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-beta stimulus. Interferon-beta is a type I interferon.
negative regulation of innate immune response	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response.
defense response to virus	Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a virus that act to protect the cell or organism.
cellular response to molecule of bacterial origin	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.
cellular response to type II interferon	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far.
cellular response to interleukin-1	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus.
cellular response to tumor necrosis factor	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus.
cellular response to progesterone stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a progesterone stimulus.
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.
protein lipoylation	The addition of a lipoyl group to an amino acid residue in a protein.
carboxylic acid metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
positive regulation of oxygen metabolic process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxygen metabolic process.
positive regulation of neurogenesis	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons.
positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation.
regulation of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering
regulation of AMPA receptor activity	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate selective glutamate receptor activity.
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, to a cell surface receptor.
memory	The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task).
gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor clustering
regulation of GABA-A receptor activity
positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation.
nervous system development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.
regulation of vascular permeability involved in acute inflammatory response	Any process that modulates the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid contributing to an acute inflammatory response.
positive regulation of acute inflammatory response	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.
regulation of cell adhesion	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix.
positive regulation of defense response to bacterium	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to bacterium.
regulation of fertilization	Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).
bone morphogenesis	The process in which bones are generated and organized.
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
protein polyglutamylation	The addition of one or more alpha-linked glutamyl units to the gamma carboxyl group of peptidyl-glutamic acid.
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis	Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions at the level of a cell.
regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum	Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the process in which the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol occurs via calcium release channels.
glucose import	The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.
protein deubiquitination	The removal of one or more ubiquitin groups from a protein.
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
protein K63-linked deubiquitination	A protein deubiquitination process in which a K63-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.
protein K48-linked deubiquitination	A protein deubiquitination process in which a K48-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.
protein polyglycylation	The addition of glycyl units covalently bound to the gamma carboxyl group peptidyl-glutamic acid.
regulation of Notch signaling pathway	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
regulation of cholesterol efflux	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.
negative regulation of angiogenesis	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis.
membrane raft distribution	The process that establishes the spatial arrangement of membrane rafts within a cellular membrane.
hematopoietic stem cell proliferation	The expansion of a hematopoietic stem cell population by cell division. A hematopoietic stem cell is a stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop.
proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
target-directed miRNA degradation
positive regulation of miRNA catabolic process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA catabolic process.
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a type I interferon to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
mRNA processing	Any process involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into one or more mature mRNA(s) prior to translation into polypeptide.
regulation of RNA splicing	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing, the process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.
cognition	The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory.
DNA-templated transcription	The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA.
exocytosis	A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell. This is the process in which most molecules are secreted from eukaryotic cells.
negative regulation of autophagy	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.
endosomal transport	The directed movement of substances into, out of or mediated by an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis. It passes many of the materials to lysosomes for degradation.
positive regulation of pseudopodium assembly	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia.
regulation of protein ubiquitination	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein.
endocytic recycling	The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from recycling endosomes back to the plasma membrane where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.
Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation	The actin nucleation process in which actin monomers combine to form a new branch on the side of an existing actin filament; mediated by the Arp2/3 protein complex and its interaction with other proteins.
regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation mediated by the Arp2/3 complex and interacting proteins.
retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi	The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from endosomes back to the trans-Golgi network where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.
negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.
regulation of endopeptidase activity	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
positive regulation of protein import into nucleus	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
positive regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane
chemical synaptic transmission	The process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.
ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis	Endocytosis of a protein that requires the substrate to be modified by ubiquitination. Several plasma membrane proteins, including cell surface permeases and some receptors, are targeted for internalization by endocytosis, and are thereafter delivered to the vacuole or lysosome, where they are degraded.
resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates	The cleavage and rejoining of intermediates, such as Holliday junctions, formed during meiotic recombination to produce two intact molecules in which genetic material has been exchanged.
positive regulation of protein ubiquitination	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein.
interstrand cross-link repair	Removal of a DNA interstrand crosslink (a covalent attachment of DNA bases on opposite strands of the DNA) and restoration of the DNA. DNA interstrand crosslinks occur when both strands of duplex DNA are covalently tethered together (e.g. by an exogenous or endogenous agent), thus preventing the strand unwinding necessary for essential DNA functions such as transcription and replication.
positive regulation of vasoconstriction	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction.
positive regulation of T cell apoptotic process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
protein methylation	The addition of a methyl group to a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom.
peptidyl-lysine trimethylation	The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine.
peptidyl-lysine monomethylation	The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-methyl-L-lysine.
peptidyl-lysine dimethylation	The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine.
negative regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
negative regulation of protein catabolic process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
G protein-coupled receptor catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a G-protein coupled receptor.
homologous chromosome pairing at meiosis	The meiotic cell cycle process where side by side pairing and physical juxtaposition of homologous chromosomes is created during meiotic prophase. Synapsis begins when the chromosome arms begin to pair from the clustered telomeres and ends when synaptonemal complex or linear element assembly is complete.
meiotic DNA double-strand break formation	The cell cycle process in which double-strand breaks are generated at defined hotspots throughout the genome during meiosis I. This results in the initiation of meiotic recombination.
oogenesis	The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.
positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway activity.
positive regulation of epidermis development	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
negative regulation of nervous system development	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue.
vestibular receptor cell development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a vestibular receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
inner ear receptor cell development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inner ear receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
inner ear receptor cell stereocilium organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of inner ear receptor cells.
filopodium assembly	The assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.
positive regulation of excitatory synapse assembly
fatty acid catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.
coenzyme A catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.
medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoA catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a medium-chain fatty-acyl group. A medium-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12.
butyryl-CoA catabolic process
succinyl-CoA catabolic process
propionyl-CoA metabolic process
malonyl-CoA catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of malonyl-CoA, the S-malonyl derivative of coenzyme A.
positive regulation of dendritic spine development	Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
protein import into nucleus	The directed movement of a protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
cap-dependent translational initiation
T cell mediated immunity	Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a T cell.
Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis	An Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the endocytic engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes.
T cell migration	The movement of a T cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
endothelin receptor signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by an endothelin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, and proceeding with the activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
microvillar actin bundle assembly
visual perception	The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image.
cell junction assembly	A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cell junction.
establishment of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity	The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.
regulation of neuron projection arborization
muscle organ development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work.
male meiosis I	A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis I, the first meiotic division in the male germline.
negative regulation of transposition	Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transposition. Transposition results in the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites.
piRNA transcription
positive regulation of macroautophagy	Any process, such as recognition of nutrient depletion, that activates or increases the rate of macroautophagy to bring cytosolic macromolecules to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation.
negative regulation of TOR signaling	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling.
negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity	A process that modulates short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity.
negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.
gamma-delta T cell activation	The change in morphology and behavior of a gamma-delta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
T cell differentiation	The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.
positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
intracellular pH reduction	Any process that reduces the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
mitochondrion organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components.
organelle transport along microtubule	The directed movement of an organelle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination.
proprioception	The series of events by which an organism senses the position, location, orientation, and movement of the body and its parts. Proprioception is mediated by proprioceptors, sensory nerve terminals found in muscles, tendons, and joint capsules, which give information concerning movements and position of the body. The receptors in the labyrinth are sometimes also considered proprioceptors.
cellular response to mechanical stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.
negative regulation of pre-miRNA processing	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pre-microRNA processing.
mRNA stabilization	Prevention of degradation of mRNA molecules. In the absence of compensating changes in other processes, the slowing of mRNA degradation can result in an overall increase in the population of active mRNA molecules.
positive regulation of mRNA binding	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA binding.
protein targeting to lysosome	The process of directing proteins towards the lysosome using signals contained within the protein.
endosome organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of endosomes.
regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
regulation of the force of skeletal muscle contraction
relaxation of skeletal muscle	A process in which the extent of skeletal muscle tissue contraction is reduced. Muscle relaxation involves the removal of calcium from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen through the action of Ca2+ ATPases.
estrogen biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.
cellular response to retinoic acid	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus.
activation of meiosis	Any process that starts the inactive process of meiosis.
maintenance of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum	Any process in which a protein is maintained in the endoplasmic reticulum and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the endoplasmic reticulum, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the endoplasmic reticulum.
natural killer cell degranulation	The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a natural killer cell.
regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA-dependent DNA replication; the process in which DNA becomes competent to replicate. In eukaryotes, replication competence is established in early G1 and lost during the ensuing S phase.
motile cilium assembly	The assembly of a motile cilium, a cilium that contains a regular longitudinal array of axonemal microtubules. In vertebrates, motile cilia are usually formed around a 9 + 2 microtubule core structure. Motile cilia are often found in tissues where propagation of fluid is necessary for proper organ development or function.
centriole assembly	A cellular process that results in the assembly of one or more centrioles.
multi-ciliated epithelial cell differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a multi-ciliated epithelial cell.
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the cytochrome bc(1) complex (also known as ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase), in the mitochondrial inner membrane.
mitochondrial respirasome assembly
positive regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly.
protein sumoylation	The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxyl terminus of SUMO with an epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein.
PML body organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of PML bodies, a class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia).
positive regulation of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus
positive regulation of viral process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant.
sensory perception of smell	The series of events required for an organism to receive an olfactory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Olfaction involves the detection of chemical composition of an organism's ambient medium by chemoreceptors. This is a neurological process.
regulation of cell population proliferation	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.
tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein	The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
type III interferon-mediated signaling pathway
regulation of mitotic cytokinesis
DNA metabolic process	Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides.
lipid biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.
microtubule depolymerization	The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule.
mitotic spindle organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle.
mitotic spindle assembly
regulation of cell growth	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.
protein phosphorylation	The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.
sodium ion transport	The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
long-term memory	The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation.
positive regulation of transporter activity	Any process that activates or increases the activity of a transporter.
regulation of apoptotic process	Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process.
regulation of gastric acid secretion	Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion.
renal sodium ion absorption	A renal system process in which sodium ions are taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.
regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator.
pyrimidine nucleoside salvage	Any process that generates a pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose, from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	The process that results in the movement of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is part of the apoptotic signaling pathway and leads to caspase activation.
positive regulation of bone mineralization	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
negative regulation of mitochondrial depolarization	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.
negative regulation of necroptotic process	Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a necroptotic process, a necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors.
positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
negative regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
regulation of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering
negative regulation of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering
bone regeneration	The regrowth of bone following its loss or destruction.
mRNA splicing, via spliceosome	The joining together of exons from one or more primary transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) and the excision of intron sequences, via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced.
RNA export from nucleus	The directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
mRNA export from nucleus	The directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
fibroblast migration	Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a fibroblast pseudopodium. A fibroblast is a connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
establishment or maintenance of actin cytoskeleton polarity	Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized actin-based cytoskeletal structures.
stress fiber assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a stress fiber. A stress fiber is a contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity.
coenzyme A biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.
long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a medium-chain fatty-acyl group. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
medium-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12.
palmitic acid biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of palmitic acid.
protein targeting to membrane	The process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein.
positive regulation of cell migration by vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to a receptor on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the orderly movement of a cell from one site to another.
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway.
regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tight junction assembly.
post-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport	The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to other parts of the cell, including organelles and the plasma membrane, mediated by small transport vesicles.
membrane fusion	The membrane organization process that joins two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane.
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.
regulation of actin filament polymerization	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament.
positive regulation of granulocyte differentiation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.
positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B.
cellular response to cytokine stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus.
regulation of actin filament organization
regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrion degradation (mitophagy).
regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to mitochondrion.
mesodermal cell fate specification	The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
muscle contraction	A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis.
regulation of heart contraction	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.
negative regulation of protein glutathionylation	Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein glutathionylation. Protein glutathionylation is the protein modification process in which a glutathione molecule is added to a protein amino acid through a disulfide linkage.
regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane potential	Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in a cardiac muscle cell (a cardiomyocyte). A membrane potential is the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
positive regulation of sodium ion export across plasma membrane	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion export from cell.
regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
protein targeting to mitochondrion	The process of directing proteins towards and into the mitochondrion, usually mediated by mitochondrial proteins that recognize signals contained within the imported protein.
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.
positive regulation of actin filament polymerization	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization.
eosinophil chemotaxis	The movement of an eosinophil in response to an external stimulus.
GTP metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving GTP, guanosine triphosphate.
potassium ion transport	The directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
sodium ion transmembrane transport	A process in which a sodium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
regulation of resting membrane potential	Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a resting potential, the electrical charge across the plasma membrane, with the interior of the cell negative with respect to the exterior. The resting potential is the membrane potential of a cell that is not stimulated to be depolarized or hyperpolarized.
potassium ion transmembrane transport	A process in which a potassium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other.
regulation of interleukin-4 production	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-4 production.
regulation of interleukin-5 production	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-5 production.
toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway	Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 2.
toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway	Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 4.
mature conventional dendritic cell differentiation	The process in which antigen-activated dendritic cells acquire the specialized features of a mature conventional dendritic cell. Mature conventional dendritic cells upregulate the surface expression of MHC molecules, chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules, and increase the number of dendrites (cytoplasmic protrusions) in preparation for migration to lymphoid organs where they present antigen to T cells.
regulation of p38MAPK cascade	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade.
negative regulation of gene expression	Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
negative regulation of chemokine production	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of chemokine production.
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.
positive regulation of type II interferon production	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.
positive regulation of interleukin-12 production	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-12 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-13 production	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-13 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-4 production	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-4 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production.
positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response
p38MAPK cascade	An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a p38 MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
negative regulation of mast cell degranulation	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of mast cell degranulation.
negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer mediated cytotoxicity.
negative regulation of activated T cell proliferation	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation.
positive regulation of viral entry into host cell	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of viral entry into the host cell.
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.
positive regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK1 or ERK2 (MAPKs), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
response to interleukin-1	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus.
positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.
positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1.
positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling.
positive regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell chemotaxis.
negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.
positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.
positive regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell apoptotic process.
positive regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell.
positive regulation of dendritic cell differentiation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation.
positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
neutrophil degranulation	The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as proteases, lipases, and inflammatory mediators by a neutrophil.
negative regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis.
platelet aggregation	The adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.
complement activation, lectin pathway	Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the lectin pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes and the regulation of other immune processes.
protein targeting	The process of targeting specific proteins to particular membrane-bounded subcellular organelles. Usually requires an organelle specific protein sequence motif.
intracellular protein transport	The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell.
Golgi to endosome transport	The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to early sorting endosomes. Clathrin vesicles transport substances from the trans-Golgi to endosomes.
protein localization	Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
vesicle-mediated transport	A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.
Golgi to lysosome transport	The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to lysosomes.
protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane	A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a basolateral plasma membrane.
RNA splicing	The process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.
positive regulation of exocytosis	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis.
multivesicular body sorting pathway	A vesicle-mediated transport process in which transmembrane proteins are ubiquitylated to facilitate their entry into luminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVBs); upon subsequent fusion of MVBs with lysosomes or vacuoles, the cargo proteins are degraded.
anterograde axonal protein transport
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, the process in which cytochrome c is enabled to move from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is an early step in apoptosis and leads to caspase activation.
anterograde axonal transport	The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons.
melanosome organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a melanosome. A melanosome is a tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored.
clathrin-coated vesicle cargo loading, AP-3-mediated
anterograde synaptic vesicle transport	The directed movement of substances in synaptic membrane-bounded vesicles within the neuron, along the cytoskeleton, away from the neuronal cell body.
platelet dense granule organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a platelet dense granule. A platelet dense granule is an electron-dense granule occurring in blood platelets that stores and secretes adenosine nucleotides and serotonin. They contain a highly condensed core consisting of serotonin, histamine, calcium, magnesium, ATP, ADP, pyrophosphate and membrane lysosomal proteins.
melanosome assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a melanosome, a tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored.
steroid metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.
cholesterol metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. It is a component of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer and of plasma lipoproteins and can be found in all animal tissues.
positive regulation of epidermal cell differentiation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.
3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems.
lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Lipopolysaccharides are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system.
positive regulation of MAP kinase activity	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
toll-like receptor signaling pathway	Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response.
MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway	Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor where the MyD88 adaptor molecule mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response.
phagocytosis	An endocytosis process that results in the engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles.
I-kappaB phosphorylation	The process of introducing a phosphate group into an inhibitor of kappa B (I-kappaB) protein. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing bound NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription.
positive regulation of platelet activation	Any process that increases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.
detection of fungus	The series of events in which a stimulus from a fungus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
detection of lipopolysaccharide	The series of events in which a lipopolysaccharide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
negative regulation of interleukin-17 production	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
negative regulation of interleukin-23 production	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-23 production.
negative regulation of interleukin-6 production	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.
positive regulation of chemokine production	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of chemokine production.
positive regulation of interferon-alpha production	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-alpha production.
positive regulation of interferon-beta production	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-beta production.
positive regulation of interleukin-1 production	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 production.
TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway	Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor where the TRIF adaptor mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response.
T-helper 1 type immune response	An immune response which is associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and pathological conditions such as arthritis, and which is typically orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines by T-helper 1 cells, most notably interferon-gamma, IL-2, and lymphotoxin.
macrophage activation	A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.
positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nitric oxide synthase enzyme.
intestinal epithelial structure maintenance	A tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of the structure of the intestinal epithelium.
negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis
cellular response to oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus
positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response.
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process.
positive regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
positive regulation of matrix metallopeptidase secretion
cellular response to amyloid-beta
positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production.
positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
Rho protein signal transduction	A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rho family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
lamellipodium assembly	Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.
positive regulation of cell adhesion	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.
focal adhesion assembly	The aggregation and bonding together of a set of components to form a focal adhesion, a complex of intracellular signaling and structural proteins that provides a structural link between the internal actin cytoskeleton and the ECM, and also function as a locus of signal transduction activity.
actin filament bundle assembly	The assembly of actin filament bundles; actin filaments are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness.
smooth muscle contraction	A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length.
positive regulation of protein secretion	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell.
negative regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle G1/S phase transition.
xenophagy
lymphatic endothelial cell migration
mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone	The transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex I.
aerobic respiration	The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which requires oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor.
proton motive force-driven mitochondrial ATP synthesis	The transport of protons across a mitochondrial membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.
hyaluronan biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
extracellular polysaccharide biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides used in extracellular structures.
extracellular matrix assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the extracellular matrix.
positive regulation of hyaluranon cable assembly	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluranon cable assembly.
apoptotic process	A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.
activation of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase activity	The stimulation of the activity of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase through phosphorylation at specific residues.
extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors	A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with a ligand binding to a death domain receptor on the cell surface, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway	An extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway initiated by the binding of the ligand TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) to a death receptor on the cell surface.
extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with either a ligand binding to a cell surface receptor, or a ligand being withdrawn from a cell surface receptor (e.g. in the case of signaling by dependence receptors), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
cytoplasmic sequestering of transcription factor	The selective interaction of a transcription factor with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus.
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway	The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled glutamate receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
proteasome assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome complex.
positive regulation of insulin secretion	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.
negative regulation of insulin secretion	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.
proteasome regulatory particle assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome regulatory particle complex.
central nervous system development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.
endoplasmic reticulum mannose trimming
chondrocyte development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate.
proteoglycan biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.
positive regulation of chondrocyte differentiation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.
positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
endochondral bone morphogenesis	The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial cartilaginous anlage into bone.
positive regulation of cartilage development	Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
cellular response to BMP stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus.
negative regulation of chondrocyte proliferation	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
copper ion transport	The directed movement of copper (Cu) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
neuropeptide signaling pathway	The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a peptide neurotransmitter binding to a cell surface receptor.
regulation of feeding behavior	Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the behavior associated with the intake of food.
osteoblast development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an osteoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Osteoblast development does not include the steps involved in committing a cranial neural crest cell or an osteoprogenitor cell to an osteoblast fate. An osteoblast is a cell that gives rise to bone.
negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
MAPK cascade	An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
negative regulation of protein phosphorylation	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.
DNA repair	The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.
response to UV	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.
response to gamma radiation	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.
positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway activity.
negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
T-helper 2 cell differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a T-helper 2 (Th2) cell. A Th2 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype GATA-3-positive and produces interleukin-4.
negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
negative regulation of cell cycle	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling	Any epigenetic process that activates or increases the rate of gene expression.
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
negative regulation of JNK cascade	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.
histone H3-K4 methylation	The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 4 of the histone.
negative regulation of telomerase activity	Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme telomerase, which catalyzes of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1).
protein insertion into ER membrane	The process that results in incorporation of a protein into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. It depends on specific topogenic sequences of amino acids that ensure that a protein acquires the proper orientation during its insertion into the ER membrane.
tail-anchored membrane protein insertion into ER membrane	A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which a tail-anchored (TA) transmembrane protein is incorporated into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. TA transmembrane protein, also named type II transmembrane proteins, contain a single C- terminal transmembrane region.
heme biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, from less complex precursors.
transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II	The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase II promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.
regulation of DNA repair	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.
DNA-templated transcription initiation	Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase preinitiation complex (PIC) at the core promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. The initiation phase ends just before and does not include promoter clearance, or release, which is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription.
transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter	Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) at an RNA polymerase II promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. Promoter clearance, or release, is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription.
monoubiquitinated histone deubiquitination	The removal of the ubiquitin group from a monoubiquitinated histone protein.
monoubiquitinated histone H2A deubiquitination	The removal of the ubiquitin group from a monoubiquitinated histone H2A protein.
mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II	The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter.
histone H3 acetylation	The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group.
response to molecule of bacterial origin	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.
response to acidic pH	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
negative regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation.
negative regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity	Any process that stops or reduces the rate of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid.
negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis.
positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process.
clathrin coat assembly	The process that results in the assembly of clathrin triskelia into the ordered structure known as a clathrin cage.
regulation of endocytosis	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.
positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport.
positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway
eye photoreceptor cell development	Development of a photoreceptor, a sensory cell in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. They usually contain a pigment that undergoes a chemical change when light is absorbed, thus stimulating a nerve.
positive regulation of phagocytosis	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis.
detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception	The series of events involved in visual perception in which a light stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
formation of cytoplasmic translation initiation complex	Joining of the large subunit, with release of IF2/eIF2 and IF3/eIF3. This leaves the functional ribosome at the AUG, with the methionyl/formyl-methionyl-tRNA positioned at the P site.
regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated calcium channel activity.
extracellular transport	The transport of substances that occurs outside cells.
negative regulation of transporter activity	Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a transporter.
regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
protein modification process	The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification).
negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
negative regulation of protein transport	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
protein autoubiquitination	The ubiquitination by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein. Ubiquitination occurs on the lysine residue by formation of an isopeptide crosslink.
protein K63-linked ubiquitination	A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K63-linked ubiquitination does not target the substrate protein for degradation, but is involved in several pathways, notably as a signal to promote error-free DNA postreplication repair.
regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G1 commits to S phase. The process begins with the build up of G1 cyclin-dependent kinase (G1 CDK), resulting in the activation of transcription of G1 cyclins. The process ends with the positive feedback of the G1 cyclins on the G1 CDK which commits the cell to S phase, in which DNA replication is initiated.
positive regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of The DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle.
positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	Any process that increases the rate or extent of progression from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
epithelial cell differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium.
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
regulation of hair cycle	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair.
positive regulation of circadian rhythm	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior.
negative regulation of fat cell differentiation	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
regulation of neurogenesis	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons.
regulation of insulin secretion	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.
oxidative stress-induced premature senescence	A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to oxidative stress, e.g. high levels of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals.
positive regulation of protein acetylation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein acetylation.
regulation of type B pancreatic cell development	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development.
negative regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway.
regulation of cellular senescence	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence.
positive regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell differentiation.
phosphorylation	The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.
natural killer cell differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a natural killer cell.
mast cell chemotaxis	The movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus.
positive regulation of endothelial cell migration	Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.
T cell chemotaxis	The directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling	A series of reactions within the signal-receiving cell, mediated by the intracellular phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Many cell surface receptor linked signaling pathways signal through PI3K to regulate numerous cellular functions.
natural killer cell activation	The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell in response to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
B cell differentiation	The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a B cell. A B cell is a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity.
positive regulation of neutrophil apoptotic process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil apoptotic process.
natural killer cell chemotaxis	The directed movement of a natural killer cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
B cell chemotaxis	The directed movement of a B cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
T cell activation	The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
B cell activation	The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
mast cell degranulation	The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a mast cell.
positive regulation of angiogenesis	Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.
mast cell differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.
neutrophil extravasation	The migration of a neutrophil from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
positive regulation of epithelial tube formation
acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate.
cytidine transport
uridine transport	The directed movement of uridine, uracil riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
purine nucleobase transmembrane transport
sulfation	The addition of a sulfate group to a molecule.
amine metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.
extracellular matrix organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix.
neurotransmitter uptake	The directed movement of neurotransmitters into neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters. It does not occur during cholinergic synaptic transmission. Instead, acetylcholine is enzymatically degraded in the synaptic cleft.
monoatomic ion transport	The directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
dicarboxylic acid transport	The directed movement of dicarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
neurotransmitter transport	The directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.
L-glutamate transmembrane transport	The directed movement of L-glutamate, the L enantiomer anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
chloride transmembrane transport	The directed movement of chloride across a membrane.
thyroid hormone generation	The formation of either of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, mainly thyroxine and triiodothyronine. This is achieved by the iodination and joining of tyrosine molecules to form the precursor thyroglobin, proteolysis of this precursor gives rise to the thyroid hormones.
thyroid gland development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thyroid gland is an endoderm-derived gland that produces thyroid hormone.
thymus development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thymus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thymus is a symmetric bi-lobed organ involved primarily in the differentiation of immature to mature T cells, with unique vascular, nervous, epithelial, and lymphoid cell components.
embryonic organ morphogenesis	Morphogenesis, during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
negative regulation of macroautophagy	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy.
vesicle budding from membrane	The evagination of a membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle.
actin polymerization or depolymerization	Assembly or disassembly of actin filaments by the addition or removal of actin monomers from a filament.
vesicle organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vesicle.
actin filament polymerization	Assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament.
vesicle transport along actin filament	Movement of a vesicle along an actin filament, mediated by motor proteins.
positive regulation of filopodium assembly	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.
dendritic spine morphogenesis	The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.
negative regulation of membrane tubulation	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane tubulation.
positive regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
negative regulation of lymphocyte migration	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte migration.
ventricular septum development	The progression of the ventricular septum over time from its formation to the mature structure.
aorta development	The progression of the aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.
regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling	Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling. cGMP-mediated signaling is a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic GMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
cAMP-mediated signaling	Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic AMP (cAMP). Includes production of cAMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell.
cGMP-mediated signaling	Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic GMP (cGMP). Includes production of cGMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell.
cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.
negative regulation of vascular permeability	Any process that reduces the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
positive regulation of vascular permeability	Any process that increases the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling	Any process which modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling, a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
negative regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling	Any process which stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling, a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
cGMP catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate.
establishment of endothelial barrier	The establishment of a barrier between endothelial cell layers, such as those in the brain, lung or intestine, to exert specific and selective control over the passage of water and solutes, thus allowing formation and maintenance of compartments that differ in fluid and solute composition.
cellular response to cAMP	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
cellular response to cGMP	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cGMP (cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus.
cellular response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine
mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling	A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression through the G2/M transition of the cell cycle in response to DNA damage.
cytosolic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway	Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) binding to one of its physiological ligands. PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species, or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), endogenous molecules released from damaged cells.
NLS-bearing protein import into nucleus	The directed movement of a protein bearing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
ribosomal protein import into nucleus	The directed movement of a ribosomal protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
mitochondrial transcription	The synthesis of RNA from a mitochondrial DNA template, usually by a specific mitochondrial RNA polymerase.
transcription initiation at mitochondrial promoter	A transcription initiation process that takes place at a promoter on the mitochondrial chromosome, and results in RNA synthesis by a mitochondrial RNA polymerase.
translational elongation	The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis.
protein autophosphorylation	The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation).
negative regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism.
neuroblast proliferation	The expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.
brain development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).
regulation of cytokine production	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a cytokine.
translation	The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome.
CRD-mediated mRNA stabilization	An mRNA stabilization process in which one or more RNA-binding proteins associate with a sequence in the open reading frame called the coding region instability determinant (CRD).
endoplasmic reticulum organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum.
mitochondrial fission	The division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments.
mitochondrion morphogenesis	The process in which the anatomical structures of a mitochondrion are generated and organized.
regulation of mitochondrion organization	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion.
peroxisome fission	The division of a mature peroxisome within a cell to form two or more separate peroxisome compartments.
mitochondrial fragmentation involved in apoptotic process	The change in the morphology of the mitochondria in an apoptotic cell from a highly branched network to a fragmented vesicular form.
intracellular distribution of mitochondria	Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of mitochondria within the cell.
protein complex oligomerization	The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers; protein oligomers may be composed of different or identical monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.
necroptotic process	A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.
positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis	Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophil chemotaxis is the directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.
positive regulation of mitochondrial fission	Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission is the division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments.
mitochondrial membrane fission
regulation of peroxisome organization	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peroxisome organization.
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid in which the sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.
endocytosis	A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle.
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR (ERBB1) on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
insulin receptor signaling pathway	The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin.
vascular associated smooth muscle contraction	A process, occurring in the vascular tissue, whereby actin/myosin complex activity generates force through ATP hydrolysis resulting in a change in smooth muscle geometry. This process is always coupled to chemo-mechanical energy conversion.
platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway	The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis.
positive regulation of centriole replication	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centriole replication.
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation.
myoblast fate determination	The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
intracellular glucose homeostasis	A cellular homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within a cell or between a cell and its external environment.
regulation of autophagy	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.
cellular response to insulin stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stress acting at the endoplasmic reticulum. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.
negative regulation of MAPK cascade	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.
glycoprotein catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
oligosaccharide catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.
positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	Any series of molecular signals initiated by an acetylcholine receptor on the surface of the target cell binding to one of its physiological ligands, and proceeding with the activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
receptor clustering	The receptor metabolic process that results in grouping of a set of receptors at a cellular location, often to amplify the sensitivity of a signaling response.
clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels	The process in which voltage-gated sodium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, nodes of Ranvier differ dramatically from internodal axonal regions in very high densities of voltage-dependent sodium (Nav) channels responsible for the rapid, inward ionic currents that produce membrane depolarization.
positive regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction.
synapse organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).
protein O-linked glycosylation	A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via the hydroxyl group of peptidyl-serine, peptidyl-threonine, peptidyl-hydroxylysine, or peptidyl-hydroxyproline, or via the phenol group of peptidyl-tyrosine, forming an O-glycan.
peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation	The hydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-hydroxylysine.
hydroxylysine biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydroxylysine (5-hydroxy-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid), a chiral alpha-amino acid.
negative regulation of myeloid cell differentiation	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.
mitotic cytokinesis	A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after mitosis, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.
snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II	The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II), originating at a Pol II promoter.
phosphate ion transport	The directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
organic anion transport	The directed movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.
urate transport	The directed movement of urate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
glucose-6-phosphate transport	The directed movement of glucose-6-phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Glucose-6-phosphate is a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6.
activated T cell proliferation	The expansion of a T cell population following activation by an antigenic stimulus.
embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell.
positive regulation of viral genome replication	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
mitochondrial electron transport, cytochrome c to oxygen	The transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex IV.
cellular respiration	The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which either requires oxygen (aerobic respiration) or does not (anaerobic respiration).
positive regulation of cytochrome-c oxidase activity
double-strand break repair via homologous recombination	The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule.
double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining	The repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the two broken ends are rejoined with little or no sequence complementarity. Information at the DNA ends may be lost due to the modification of broken DNA ends. This term covers instances of separate pathways, called classical (or canonical) and alternative nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ and A-NHEJ). These in turn may further branch into sub-pathways, but evidence is still unclear.
regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process	Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome.
negative regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.
nucleus organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus.
regulation of cell cycle process	Any process that modulates a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events.
T-tubule organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the T-tubule. A T-tubule is an invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril.
regulation of neuron differentiation	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.
lipid tube assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat involved in membrane shaping of vesicle membranes as the fuse or undergo fission.
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction	A cardiac conduction process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction.
negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport.
negative regulation of amyloid-beta formation	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of beta-amyloid formation.
negative regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.
negative regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel
cell-cell junction assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between cells.
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
learning	Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience.
calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell-adhesion molecules	The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.
negative regulation of cell migration	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
positive regulation of protein binding	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.
maintenance of blood-brain barrier	Preserving the permeability barrier between the blood and the brain in a stable functional or structural state. The cells in the brain are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier.
tight junction assembly
positive regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of endothelial barrier.
positive regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly
establishment of blood-retinal barrier
positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide	A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
response to hydrogen peroxide	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.
establishment of Golgi localization	The directed movement of the Golgi to a specific location.
Golgi reassembly	The reformation of the Golgi following its breakdown and partitioning contributing Golgi inheritance.
regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activity of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway.
arachidonic acid metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving arachidonic acid, a straight chain fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms and four double bonds per molecule. Arachidonic acid is the all-Z-(5,8,11,14)-isomer.
monoacylglycerol catabolic process
negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.
endothelium development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.
small GTPase mediated signal transduction	Any series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays one or more of the signals.
negative regulation of endothelial cell migration	Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.
integrin activation	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits, that lead to the increased affinity of the integrin for its extracellular ligands.
regulation of angiogenesis	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis.
negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process.
rRNA processing	Any process involved in the conversion of a primary ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript into one or more mature rRNA molecules.
maturation of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)	Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
maturation of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)	Any process involved in the maturation of an rRNA molecule originally produced as part of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
ribosomal large subunit biogenesis	A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a large ribosomal subunit; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.
heart looping	The tube morphogenesis process in which the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration. Heart looping begins with dextral-looping and ends when the main regional divisions of the mature heart and primordium of the great arterial trunks become established preceeding septation.
marginal zone B cell differentiation	The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a marginal zone B cell. Marginal zone B cells are localized in a distinct anatomical region of the spleen that represents the major antigen-filtering and scavenging area (by specialized macrophages resident there). It appears that they are preselected to express a BCR repertoire similar to B-1 B cells, biased toward bacterial cell wall constituents and senescent self-components (such as oxidized LDL).
type B pancreatic cell development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a type B pancreatic cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.
Notch signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to the receptor Notch on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
proximal/distal pattern formation	The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from main body (proximal end) of an organism outward (distal end).
astrocyte development	The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.
regulation of somitogenesis	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somitogenesis.
spinal cord development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spinal cord primarily conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses between the brain and the peripheral nervous tissues.
hemopoiesis	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates.
negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.
negative regulation of interleukin-10 production	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-10 production.
negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process.
negative regulation of cell differentiation	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
negative regulation of epidermal cell differentiation	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.
negative regulation of myoblast differentiation	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
positive regulation of endocytosis	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.
lateral inhibition	Signaling between cells of equivalent developmental potential that results in these cells adopting different developmental fates. An example is the suppression by cells with a particular fate of the adoption of the same fate by surrounding cells.
regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle growth.
positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth	Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle growth.
neuron fate specification	The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
Notch signaling pathway involved in arterial endothelial cell fate commitment
clathrin-dependent endocytosis	An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into clathrin-coated pits, which then pinch off to form clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles.
endothelial tip cell fate specification	The process involved in the specification of identity of an endothelial tip cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. An endothelial tip cell is a specialized endothelial cell localized to the leading edge of an angiogenic sprout that senses extracellular signals and guides the directed growth of blood vessels.
skin epidermis development
regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway.
positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting angiogenesis.
modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.
calcium ion transmembrane transport	A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
response to amyloid-beta
negative regulation of receptor internalization	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization.
positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation	Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
positive regulation of cell growth	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.
positive regulation of phosphorylation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule.
positive regulation of JNK cascade	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.
positive regulation of exosomal secretion	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exosomal secretion.
positive regulation of extracellular exosome assembly	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly.
phospholipid transport	The directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Phospholipids are any lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions	Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions.
RNA processing	Any process involved in the conversion of one or more primary RNA transcripts into one or more mature RNA molecules.
maturation of SSU-rRNA	Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule.
ribosomal small subunit biogenesis	A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a small ribosomal subunit; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.
chromatin organization	Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic chromatin.
regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.
interneuron migration
RNA secondary structure unwinding	The process in which a secondary structure of RNA are broken or 'melted'.
Wnt signaling pathway	The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state.
negative regulation of cell growth	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.
negative regulation of protein-containing complex assembly	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.
positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.
positive regulation of type I interferon production	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type I interferon production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
stress granule assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a stress granule.
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway.
positive regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway
positive regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
cytosolic ribosome assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the large and small ribosomal subunits into a functional ribosome.
negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in the apoptotic process.
positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.
positive regulation of translation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA.
positive regulation of translational initiation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation.
cellular response to arsenic-containing substance	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenic stimulus from compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides.
cellular response to osmotic stress	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of an intracellular signal (e.g. DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress etc.), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. The intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway is crucially regulated by permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOMP).
negative regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling.
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors.
positive regulation of protein K63-linked ubiquitination	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein K63-linked ubiquitination.
protein localization to cytoplasmic stress granule
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
RNA catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.
positive regulation of T cell migration	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell migration.
establishment of T cell polarity	The directed orientation of T cell signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient or a contact point with antigen presenting cell.
immunological synapse formation	The formation of an area of close contact between a lymphocyte (T-, B-, or natural killer cell) and a target cell through the clustering of particular signaling and adhesion molecules and their associated membrane rafts on both the lymphocyte and target cell, which facilitates activation of the lymphocyte, transfer of membrane from the target cell to the lymphocyte, and in some situations killing of the target cell through release of secretory granules and/or death-pathway ligand-receptor interaction.
positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to an extracellular matrix.
dendritic cell chemotaxis	The movement of a dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus.
positive regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process	Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
positive regulation of T cell chemotaxis	Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of T cell chemotaxis. T cell chemotaxis is the directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus.
ruffle organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a ruffle, a projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell.
positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.
response to prostaglandin E	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus.
mesangial cell-matrix adhesion	The binding of a mesangial cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules. A mesangial cell is a cell that encapsulates the capillaries and venules in the kidney.
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL21 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.
positive regulation of protein kinase activity	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.
positive regulation of chemotaxis	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient.
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	The process in which calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria are released into the cytosolic compartment.
cell chemotaxis	The directed movement of a motile cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
dendritic cell dendrite assembly	Formation of dendrites, branched cellular projections (or cytoplasmic extension) that are extended from the surface of a dendritic immune cell, and which enable the cell to sample luminal pathogens and increase the surface area for antigen presentation to T cells.
negative regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte tethering or rolling.
cellular response to chemokine
positive regulation of cell motility	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility.
positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis.
negative regulation of dendritic cell dendrite assembly	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell dendrite assembly.
negative regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell apoptotic process.
negative regulation of cell adhesion	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.
negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell.
regulation of microvillus assembly	A process that modulates the formation of a microvillus.
positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin.
podocyte development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular visceral epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains feet that interdigitate with the feet of other glomerular epithelial cells.
epithelial tube formation	The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an epithelial tube.
cell surface pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway	Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a cell surface pattern recognition receptor (PRR) binding to one of its physiological ligands. PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species, or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), endogenous molecules released from damaged cells.
protein localization to cell surface	A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.
recognition of apoptotic cell	The process in which a cell interprets signals (in the form of specific proteins and lipids) on the surface of a dying cell which it will engulf and remove by phagocytosis.
negative regulation of viral entry into host cell	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the entry of viral entry into a host cell.
positive regulation of opsonization
positive regulation of osteoblast proliferation	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.
wound healing, spreading of cells	The migration of a cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous surface.
regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
protein quality control for misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded or attenuated proteins.
protein targeting to peroxisome	The process of directing proteins towards the peroxisome, usually using signals contained within the protein.
peroxisome organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a peroxisome. A peroxisome is a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.
protein import into peroxisome matrix	The import of proteins into the peroxisomal matrix. A peroxisome targeting signal (PTS) binds to a soluble receptor protein in the cytosol, and the resulting complex then binds to a receptor protein in the peroxisome membrane and is imported. The cargo protein is then released into the peroxisome matrix.
protein import into peroxisome matrix, receptor recycling
cellular response to reactive oxygen species	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals.
protein import into peroxisome matrix, substrate release	The process by which the cargo protein is released into the peroxisomal matrix, following translocation across the membrane.
phosphate-containing compound metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid.
monocyte differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a monocyte.
gene expression	The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
dopamine secretion
calcium ion transport	The directed movement of calcium (Ca) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
negative regulation of catalytic activity	Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme.
negative regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.
regulation of calcium ion transport	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ion transport	The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
negative regulation of calcium ion import	Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle.
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis
negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
regulation of relaxation of muscle	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of muscle.
negative regulation of calcium ion binding	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion binding.
positive regulation of protein depolymerization	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization.
regulation of ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-transporting ATPase activity.
negative regulation of ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-transporting ATPase activity.
axon guidance	The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
chondrocyte differentiation	The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
glial cell differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell.
principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pontine nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
anterior commissure morphogenesis	Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in one half of the cerebral cortex towards target cells in the contralateral half. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the anterior commissure, a small midline fiber tract that lies at the anterior end of the corpus callosum.
club cell differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Clara cell. A Clara cell is an unciliated epithelial cell found in the respiratory and terminal bronchioles.
type I pneumocyte differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Type I pneumocyte. A type I pneumocyte is a flattened cell with greatly attenuated cytoplasm and a paucity of organelles.
type II pneumocyte differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Type II pneumocyte. A Type II pneumocyte is a surfactant secreting cell that contains abundant cytoplasm containing numerous lipid-rich multilamellar bodies.
lung ciliated cell differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung ciliated cell. A lung ciliated cell is a specialized lung epithelial cell that contains a motile cilium for moving substances released from lung secretory cells.
commissural neuron axon guidance	The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a commissural neuron is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
negative regulation of miRNA transcription
negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development.
negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis.
negative regulation of fat cell proliferation	Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
protein dephosphorylation	The process of removing one or more phosphoric residues from a protein.
COPII vesicle coating	The addition of COPII proteins and adaptor proteins to ER membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.
neuron differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron.
canonical Wnt signaling pathway	The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.
nucleoside metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (a ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleoside), e.g. adenosine, guanosine, inosine, cytidine, uridine and deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine and thymidine (= deoxythymidine).
prostaglandin metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring due to the formation of a bond between two carbons of a fatty acid. They have a wide range of biological activities.
protein deglycosylation	The removal of sugar residues from a glycosylated protein.
embryonic axis specification	The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or a point in an embryo.
cell proliferation in forebrain	The creation of greater cell numbers in the forebrain due to cell division of progenitor cells.
embryonic forelimb morphogenesis	The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an animal, e.g. the arms of a human.
embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis	The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimbs are generated and organized. The hindlimbs are the posterior limbs of an animal.
wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells	The migration of an epidermal cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous epidermis.
synaptic vesicle recycling	The trafficking of synaptic vesicles from the pre-synaptic membrane so the vesicle can dock and prime for another round of exocytosis and neurotransmitter release. Recycling occurs after synaptic vesicle exocytosis, and is necessary to replenish presynaptic vesicle pools, sustain transmitter release and preserve the structural integrity of the presynaptic membrane.
embryonic digit morphogenesis	The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the digit are generated and organized. A digit is one of the terminal divisions of an appendage, such as a finger or toe.
stem cell development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stem cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to its specific fate.
negative regulation of neurogenesis	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons.
positive regulation of protein metabolic process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein.
positive regulation of synapse assembly	Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse.
Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway	The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity.
secondary palate development
lens fiber cell development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lens fiber cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a lens fiber cell fate. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.
presynapse assembly
postsynapse assembly
excitatory synapse assembly
positive regulation of protein localization to presynapse
regulation of presynapse assembly
positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential	Any process that enhances the establishment or increases the extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which is a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.
exit from mitosis	The cell cycle process where a cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.
free ubiquitin chain polymerization	The process of creating free ubiquitin chains, compounds composed of a large number of ubiquitin monomers. These chains are not conjugated to a protein.
anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by the anaphase-promoting complex, and mediated by the proteasome.
positive regulation of exit from mitosis	Any process that activates or increases the rate of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity).
positive regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the mitotic metaphase to anaphase transition.
protein K48-linked ubiquitination	A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K48-linked ubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation.
protein K11-linked ubiquitination	A protein ubiquitination process in which ubiquitin monomers are attached to a protein, and then ubiquitin polymers are formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 11 of the ubiquitin monomers. K11-linked polyubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation. The anaphase-promoting complex promotes the degradation of mitotic regulators by assembling K11-linked polyubiquitin chains.
positive regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity
acetyl-CoA metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.
protein homotetramerization	The formation of a protein homotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical subunits.
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate salvage	Any process that generates pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an unsaturated fatty acid, any fatty acid containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.
establishment of skin barrier	Establishment of the epithelial barrier, the functional barrier in the skin that limits its permeability.
renal absorption	A renal system process in which water, ions, glucose and proteins are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures (e.g. protein absorption is observed in nephrocytes in Drosophila, see PMID:23264686).
positive regulation of wound healing	Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.
positive regulation of metallopeptidase activity
phospholipid metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
sphingosine metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues.
ceramide metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramides, any N-acylated sphingoid.
protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of protein kinase C (PKC). PKC is activated by second messengers including diacylglycerol (DAG).
regulation of lipid metabolic process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.
sphingolipid biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).
intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a intracellular steroid hormone receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
androgen receptor signaling pathway	Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an androgen binding to its receptor.
phospholipid dephosphorylation	The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphorylated lipid, any member of a group of substances soluble in lipid solvents but only sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents.
integrin-mediated signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of extracellular ligand to an integrin on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell.
cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin	The attachment of one cell to another cell via an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits.
wound healing	The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.
nucleosome disassembly	The controlled breakdown of nucleosomes, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA.
chromatin remodeling	Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin occurring throughout the cell division cycle. These changes range from the local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation.
regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the onset of anaphase (chromosome movement) in the mitotic cell cycle.
intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway	Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an intracellular estrogen receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand binding, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process (e.g. transcription).
glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway	Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a glucocorticoid binding to its receptor.
positive regulation of T cell differentiation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
positive regulation of cell differentiation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
positive regulation of myoblast differentiation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
regulation of G0 to G1 transition	A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.
positive regulation of stem cell population maintenance	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell maintenance.
regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	Any cell cycle regulatory process that controls the commitment of a cell from G1 to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
regulation of nucleotide-excision repair	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleotide-excision repair.
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod	The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to photoperiod, the intermittent cycle of light (day) and dark (night).
regulation of signal transduction	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
response to estradiol	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.
cellular response to hormone stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus.
growth hormone receptor signaling pathway	The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.
peripheral nervous system development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the peripheral nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The peripheral nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.
negative regulation of protein ubiquitination	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein.
apoptotic cell clearance	The recognition and removal of an apoptotic cell by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte.
engulfment of apoptotic cell	The removal of the apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte.
positive regulation of myoblast fusion	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast fusion.
DNA-templated DNA replication	A DNA replication process that uses parental DNA as a template for the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases that synthesize the new strands.
water transport	The directed movement of water (H2O) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
glycerol transmembrane transport	The directed movement of glycerol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Glycerol is 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.
mitochondrial electron transport, succinate to ubiquinone	The transfer of electrons from succinate to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex II.
homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules	The attachment of a plasma membrane adhesion molecule in one cell to an identical molecule in an adjacent cell.
peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation	The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-tyrosine to form peptidyl-tyrosine.
cellular response to interleukin-6	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-6 stimulus.
negative regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT
peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation involved in inactivation of protein kinase activity	Any peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation that is involved in inactivation of protein kinase activity.
nuclear membrane organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear inner or outer membrane.
short-term memory	The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation.
positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.
positive regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis	Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.
negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
negative regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway activity.
T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment	The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 17 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17.
proteasomal protein catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome.
receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Any process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) and JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) proteins convey a signal to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. The JAK-STAT cascade begins with activation of STAT proteins by members of the JAK family of tyrosine kinases, proceeds through dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of STAT proteins, and ends with regulation of target gene expression by STAT proteins.
positive regulation of glycolytic process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.
fatty acid biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.
iron-sulfur cluster assembly	The incorporation of iron and exogenous sulfur into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
[2Fe-2S] cluster assembly
vesicle transport along microtubule	The directed movement of a vesicle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination.
positive regulation of cytokinesis	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells.
generation of neurons	The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons.
neuron apoptotic process	Any apoptotic process in a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.
intra-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport	The directed movement of substances within the Golgi, mediated by small transport vesicles. These either fuse with the cis-Golgi or with each other to form the membrane stacks known as the cis-Golgi reticulum (network).
regulation of actin polymerization or depolymerization	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly or disassembly of actin filaments by the addition or removal of actin monomers from a filament.
synaptic vesicle coating
endosome to melanosome transport	The directed movement of substances from endosomes to the melanosome, a specialised lysosome-related organelle.
regulation of sequestering of zinc ion	Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of sequestering of zinc ion. Sequestering of zinc ion is the process of binding or confining zinc ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
protein maturation by copper ion transfer	The directed movement of copper (Cu) ions within a cell.
cellular response to oxidative stress	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through activation of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.
chemokine-mediated signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a chemokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through activation or inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
regulation of sensory perception of pain	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
epidermis development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of a plant or animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species.
inorganic diphosphate transport	The directed movement of inorganic diphosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
basophil activation involved in immune response	A change in morphology and behavior of a basophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the basophil has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
pyrimidine nucleotide metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
negative regulation of mast cell activation involved in immune response	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation as part of an immune response.
ATP metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving ATP, adenosine triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
negative regulation of mast cell proliferation	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mast cell proliferation.
negative regulation of protein kinase activity	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.
neurotransmitter secretion	The regulated release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glycine, gamma-aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins and serotonin.
neuromuscular junction development	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction.
neural tube development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium.
negative regulation of protein binding	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.
positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
protein localization to nucleus	A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the nucleus.
non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway	The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via effectors other than beta-catenin.
dendrite morphogenesis	The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell.
positive regulation of neuron projection arborization
neural tube closure	The last step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline.
positive regulation of JUN kinase activity	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.
positive regulation by host of viral transcription	Any process is which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription, the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA.
regulation of protein localization to cell surface	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface.
protein deneddylation	The removal of a ubiquitin-like protein of the NEDD8 type from a protein.
organelle organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
nuclear envelope organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear envelope.
neuron projection development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).
synaptic vesicle transport	The directed movement of substances in synaptic membrane-bounded vesicles within the neuron along the cytoskeleton either toward or away from the neuronal cell body.
synaptic vesicle membrane organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the membrane surrounding a synaptic vesicle.
regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine into a cell.
ER-associated misfolded protein catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins transported from the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation.
positive regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle endocytosis.
response to unfolded protein	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus.
membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis	The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain (extracellular domain).
in utero embryonic development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
protein processing	Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. Protein maturation is the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
response to tumor necrosis factor	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus.
monocyte activation	The change in morphology and behavior of a monocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
amyloid precursor protein catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.
pore complex assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pore complex. A pore complex is a small opening in a membrane that allows the passage of liquids and/or gases.
constitutive protein ectodomain proteolysis	The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain that occurs constantly, regardless of environmental conditions or demands.
toxin transport	The directed movement of a toxin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
cobalamin metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.
cobalamin transport	The directed movement of cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
proteasomal ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome but do not involve ubiquitin.
prostaglandin biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring.
sensory perception of pain	The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. This is a neurological process.
regulation of fever generation	Any process that modulates the rate or extent of fever generation.
regulation of inflammatory response	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents.
heterochromatin formation	The assembly of chromatin into heterochromatin, a compact and highly condensed form that is often, but not always, transcriptionally silent.
positive regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway.
response to estrogen	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.
beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly
blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis	The multiplication or reproduction of blood vessel endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population contributing to sprouting angiogenesis.
negative regulation of cell adhesion involved in substrate-bound cell migration	The disassembly of adhesions at the front and rear of a migrating cell. At the leading edge, adhesion disassembly accompanies the formation of new protrusions; at the cell rear, it promotes tail retraction.
negative regulation of fibroblast migration	Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.
activation of protein kinase B activity	Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase B.
regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.
cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus.
regulation of GTPase activity	Any process that modulates the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.
cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an fibroblast growth factor stimulus.
myoblast migration	The orderly movement of a myoblast from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. A myoblast is a cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
positive regulation of stress fiber assembly	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.
negative regulation of focal adhesion assembly	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion assembly, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.
protein localization to plasma membrane	A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane.
negative regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis.
negative regulation of protein targeting to membrane	Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein.
blood vessel diameter maintenance
negative regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading.
regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of integrin-mediated signaling pathway.
tRNA methylation	The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in a tRNA molecule.
tRNA modification	The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within a tRNA molecule to produce a tRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
tRNA stabilization
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process by cytochrome c	Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process and is mediated by cytochrome c.
response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling	A process that acts directly to delay or stop progression through the cell cycle in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling; contributes to a mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint.
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase.
negative regulation of MDA-5 signaling pathway	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) MDA-5 (also known as IFIH1) binding to viral RNA.
positive regulation of innate immune response	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.
cellular response to dsRNA	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus.
cellular response to dsDNA
response to lithium ion	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus.
JNK cascade	An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a JNK (a MAPK), a JNKK (a MAPKK) and a JUN3K (a MAP3K). The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.
Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the Fc portion of immunoglobulin E (IgE) to an Fc-epsilon receptor on the surface of a signal-receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.
stress-activated MAPK cascade	A series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated MAP kinase cascade relays one or more of the signals; MAP kinase cascades involve at least three protein kinase activities and culminate in the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase.
positive regulation of telomerase activity	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1).
positive regulation of telomere capping
acyl-CoA metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group.
bile acid biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.
fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA oxidase	A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway in which the initial step, which converts an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, is catalyzed by acyl-CoA oxidase; the electrons removed by oxidation pass directly to oxygen and produce hydrogen peroxide, which is cleaved by peroxisomal catalases. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).
alpha-linolenic acid metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-linolenic acid, an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that has the molecular formula C18H32O2.
dicarboxylic acid catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
negative regulation of CD4 production
positive regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein import into mitochondrial outer membrane.
negative regulation of chaperone-mediated protein folding	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated protein folding.
peptidyl-arginine N-methylation	The addition of a methyl group onto a nitrogen atom of an arginine residue in a protein.
spliceosomal snRNP assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of one or more snRNA and multiple protein components to form a ribonucleoprotein complex that is involved in formation of the spliceosome.
DNA-templated transcription termination	The cellular process that completes DNA-templated transcription; the formation of phosphodiester bonds ceases, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, and RNA polymerase releases the DNA.
regulation of mitotic nuclear division
peptidyl-arginine methylation	The addition of a methyl group to an arginine residue in a protein.
histone H4-R3 methylation	The modification of histone H4 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 3 of the histone.
positive regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism.
Golgi ribbon formation	The formation of a continuous ribbon of interconnected Golgi stacks of flat cisternae.
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway
morphogenesis of an epithelium	The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube.
cerebrospinal fluid circulation
nuclear migration	The directed movement of the nucleus.
regulation of cell size	Any process that modulates the size of a cell.
negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.
gland morphogenesis	The process in which the anatomical structures of a gland are generated and organized.
microvillus assembly	Formation of a microvillus, a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a cell.
bile acid secretion	The regulated release of bile acid, composed of any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, by a cell or a tissue.
glutathione transport	The directed movement of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
cilium organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity	The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.
regulation of protein kinase activity	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.
negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle.
negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B.
gamma-aminobutyric acid import	The directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a cell or organelle.
renal phosphate ion absorption	A renal system process in which phosphate ions are taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.
transport across blood-brain barrier
telomere maintenance	Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA. These processes includes those that shorten and lengthen the telomeric DNA sequences.
RNA-templated transcription	The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of RNA.
RNA-templated DNA biosynthetic process	A DNA replication process that uses RNA as a template for RNA-dependent DNA polymerases (e.g. reverse transcriptase) that synthesize the new strands.
telomere maintenance via telomerase	The maintenance of proper telomeric length by the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.
DNA strand elongation	The DNA metabolic process in which a DNA strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of an existing DNA stand.
positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signal transduction.
siRNA processing	Cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides, in the context of RNA interference.
positive regulation of hair cycle	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair.
positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity	Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.
establishment of protein localization to telomere
cellular response to hypoxia	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
DNA biosynthetic process	The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the formation of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long unbranched macromolecule formed from one or two strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides, the 3'-phosphate group of each constituent deoxyribonucleotide being joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose moiety of the next one.
siRNA transcription
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter.
positive regulation of protein localization to nucleolus
positive regulation of stem cell proliferation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation.
negative regulation of cellular senescence	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence.
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand.
androgen biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.
androgen catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.
brexanolone catabolic process
DNA damage checkpoint signaling	A cell cycle checkpoint that regulates progression through the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. A DNA damage checkpoint may blocks cell cycle progression (in G1, G2 or metaphase) or slow the rate at which S phase proceeds.
DNA replication	The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of DNA. DNA replication begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by initiation proteins, and ends when the original DNA molecule has been completely duplicated and the copies topologically separated. The unit of replication usually corresponds to the genome of the cell, an organelle, or a virus. The template for replication can either be an existing DNA molecule or RNA.
regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences.
peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation	The phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.
signal transduction in response to DNA damage	A cascade of processes induced by the detection of DNA damage within a cell.
mitotic G2/M transition checkpoint	A cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression from G2 to M phase as part of a mitotic cell cycle.
positive regulation of cell cycle	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic	Any epigenetic process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of gene expression.
negative regulation of mitotic nuclear division
regulation of mitotic centrosome separation	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis.
negative regulation of G0 to G1 transition	A cell cycle process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.
defense response to tumor cell	Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell that act to protect the cell or organism.
positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle.
positive regulation of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation
lysosome organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lysosome. A lysosome is a cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded organelle that is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases.
peptide catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another.
bone resorption	The process in which specialized cells known as osteoclasts degrade the organic and inorganic portions of bone, and endocytose and transport the degradation products.
neuromuscular process controlling balance	Any process that an organism uses to control its balance, the orientation of the organism (or the head of the organism) in relation to the source of gravity. In humans and animals, balance is perceived through visual cues, the labyrinth system of the inner ears and information from skin pressure receptors and muscle and joint receptors.
protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region	Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the telomeric region of a chromosome.
negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated calcium channel activity.
negative regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.
metaphase plate congression	The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the spindle.
mitotic sister chromatid segregation	The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.
establishment of mitotic spindle orientation	A cell cycle process that sets the alignment of mitotic spindle relative to other cellular structures.
mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling	A cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.
attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore	The cell cycle process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex during mitosis. During mitosis, the kinetochores of sister chromosomes are situated facing opposite spindle poles and bipolar attachment of the sister chromosomes to the spindle occurs.
positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint	Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.
branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis	The process that regulates the coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system.
neuron migration	The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature.
cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels involved in sprouting angiogenesis.
outflow tract septum morphogenesis	The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract.
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration	Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.
retinal ganglion cell axon guidance	The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
regulation of Cdc42 protein signal transduction	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Cdc42 protein signal transduction.
substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading	The morphogenetic process that results in flattening of a cell as a consequence of its adhesion to a substrate.
cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.
endothelial cell chemotaxis	The directed movement of an endothelial cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
neuropilin signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to an neuropilin protein on the surface of a target cell, followed by transmission of the signal, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to a neuropilin protein on the surface of a target cell, followed by transmission of the signal, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
endothelial cell migration	The orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) located on the surface of the receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway	The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
positive regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance	Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.
artery morphogenesis	The process in which the anatomical structures of arterial blood vessels are generated and organized. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and its organs.
axon extension involved in axon guidance	The long distance growth of a single cell process, that is involved in the migration of an axon growth cone, where the migration is directed to a specific target site by a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
positive chemotaxis	The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical.
positive regulation of focal adhesion assembly	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion assembly, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.
positive regulation of cytokine activity	Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the activity of a molecule that controls the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.
regulation of vesicle-mediated transport	Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances, either within a vesicle or in the vesicle membrane, into, out of or within a cell.
angiogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis	Blood vessel formation in the heart when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.
sympathetic ganglion development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sympathetic ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a semaphorin receptor (composed of a plexin and a neurophilin) binding to a semaphorin ligand.
regulation of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance, the process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
motor neuron migration	The orderly movement of a motor neuron from one site to another. A motor neuron is an efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.
sympathetic neuron projection extension	Long distance growth of a single sympathetic neuron projection involved in cellular development. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.
sympathetic neuron projection guidance	The process in which the migration of a sympathetic neuron projection is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
basal dendrite development
basal dendrite arborization
positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading.
neural crest cell migration involved in autonomic nervous system development	Any neural crest cell migration that is involved in autonomic nervous system development.
semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in neuron projection guidance	Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in neuron projection guidance.
positive regulation of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance.
protein localization to early endosome	A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an early endosome.
monocyte chemotaxis	The movement of a monocyte in response to an external stimulus.
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a cytokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
calcium-mediated signaling	Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via calcium ions.
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a tumor necrosis factor to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
positive regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion.
positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.
positive regulation of bone resorption	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption.
positive regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone from a cell.
positive regulation of fever generation by positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion	Any process that increases the rate or extent of fever generation via positive regulation of the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell.
TNFSF11-mediated signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11) to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade via TNFSF11-mediated signaling	Any TNFSF11-mediated signaling process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction.
cytolysis by host of symbiont cells
glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars.
heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, enzymatic modification	The modification, often by sulfation, of sugars incorporated into heparan sulfate after polymerization.
positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly	Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.
positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis	Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage chemotaxis. Macrophage chemotaxis is the movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.
myoblast migration involved in skeletal muscle regeneration	The process in which a myoblast migrates along an entire fiber to the site of injury. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle growth.
negative regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation.
negative regulation of satellite cell differentiation	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell differentiation.
negative regulation of myoblast proliferation	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation.
positive regulation of synaptic vesicle priming	Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle priming. Synaptic vesicle priming is the formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion.
cellular response to glucose stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.
positive regulation of inhibitory postsynaptic potential	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). IPSP is a temporary decrease in postsynaptic membrane potential due to the flow of negatively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an IPSP is an inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) and makes it more difficult for the neuron to fire an action potential.
neuronal dense core vesicle exocytosis
positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity.
regulation of exocytosis	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis.
noradrenergic neuron differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron, a neuron that secretes noradrenaline.
dopaminergic neuron differentiation	The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a dopaminergic neuron, a neuron that secretes dopamine.
negative regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation	Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation is the phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.
regulation of MAP kinase activity	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
regulation of JUN kinase activity	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.
2-oxoglutarate metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxoglutarate, the dianion of 2-oxoglutaric acid. It is a key constituent of the TCA cycle and a key intermediate in amino-acid metabolism.
isoprenoid metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid compounds, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.
methyl-branched fatty acid metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl-branched fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids with methyl branches on the main chain.
negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production.
response to fatty acid	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus.
mucosal immune response	An immune response taking place in mucosal tissues, including those of the intestinal tract, nasal and upper respiratory tract, and genital tract.
positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response.
positive regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.
regulation of norepinephrine secretion	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine.
negative regulation of blood pressure	Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased.
regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.
regulation of hormone biosynthetic process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones.
cellular response to fatty acid	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus.
regulation of peptide hormone secretion	Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules.
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus
pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway	Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) binding to one of its physiological ligands. PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species, or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), endogenous molecules released from damaged cells.
positive regulation of defense response to virus by host	Any host process that results in the promotion of antiviral immune response mechanisms, thereby limiting viral replication.
T cell homeostasis	The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of T cells such that the total number of T cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
regulation of behavior	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli.
pyroptosis	A caspase-1-dependent cell death subroutine that is associated with the generation of pyrogenic mediators such as IL-1beta and IL-18.
AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly
pyroptosome complex assembly
positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity.
zinc ion transmembrane transport	A process in which a zinc ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
regulation of transcription involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are involved in the transition between G1 and S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
regulation of transcription involved in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed as part of the G2/M transition of the mitotic cell cycle.
amino acid catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
branched-chain amino acid catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.
negative regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid.
antiviral innate immune response
leukotriene biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid.
negative regulation of RNA binding
mammary gland epithelial cell differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland.
negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.
embryonic skeletal joint development	The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal joints over time, from formation to mature structure.
response to retinoic acid	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus.
negative regulation of stem cell population maintenance	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell maintenance.
midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
negative regulation of protein localization to cell surface	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface.
glutamate secretion	The controlled release of glutamate by a cell. The glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system.
positive regulation of melanin biosynthetic process	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin.
stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway
antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-dependent	The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class I molecule. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling	The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell through the I-kappaB-kinase (IKK)-dependent activation of NF-kappaB. The cascade begins with activation of a trimeric IKK complex (consisting of catalytic kinase subunits IKKalpha and/or IKKbeta, and the regulatory scaffold protein NEMO) and ends with the regulation of transcription of target genes by NF-kappaB. In a resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to I-kappaB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing the NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription.
regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.
peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine.
cortical actin cytoskeleton organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of actin-based cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane.
negative regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity.
regulation of phosphorylation	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into a molecule.
interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-1 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of endothelial barrier.
negative regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly
nucleosome assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a nucleosome, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA.
internal protein amino acid acetylation	The addition of an acetyl group to a non-terminal amino acid in a protein.
chromosome organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. This term covers covalent modifications at the molecular level as well as spatial relationships among the major components of a chromosome.
immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of a cell capable of activating or perpetuating an immune response.
positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.
ISG15-protein conjugation	The covalent addition to a protein of ISG15, a ubiquitin-like protein.
negative regulation of cell-matrix adhesion	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix.
negative regulation of keratinocyte proliferation	Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
negative regulation of wound healing	Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.
negative regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus	Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.
phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid, any derivative of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids.
mRNA transcription	The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template.
keratinocyte differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a keratinocyte.
ERBB2-EGFR signaling pathway
ERBB2-ERBB4 signaling pathway
ERBB4-ERBB4 signaling pathway
luteinizing hormone signaling pathway	The series of molecular signals mediated by luteinizing hormone.
keratinocyte proliferation	The multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Keratinocytes are epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo a characteristic change as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin.
positive regulation of DNA replication	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.
positive regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of EGF-activated receptor activity.
positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division
positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.
primary follicle stage	The stage in oogenesis when a single layer of cuboidal follicle cells surrounds the oocyte. The oocyte nucleus is large.
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.
negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.
mitochondrial electron transport, ubiquinol to cytochrome c	The transfer of electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex III.
detection of calcium ion	The series of events in which a calcium ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
striated muscle contraction	A process in which force is generated within striated muscle tissue, resulting in the shortening of the muscle. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Striated muscle is a type of muscle in which the repeating units (sarcomeres) of the contractile myofibrils are arranged in registry throughout the cell, resulting in transverse or oblique striations observable at the level of the light microscope.
regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.
negative regulation of potassium ion transport	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
protein polymerization	The process of creating protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers; polymeric proteins may be made up of different or identical monomers. Polymerization occurs by the addition of extra monomers to an existing poly- or oligomeric protein.
cardiac muscle contraction	Muscle contraction of cardiac muscle tissue.
negative regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity	Any process that decreases the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
cellular response to caffeine	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caffeine stimulus. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in numerous plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon them.
Purkinje myocyte to ventricular cardiac muscle cell signaling	Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a Purkinje myocyte to a ventricular cardiac muscle cell.
negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
membrane invagination	The infolding of a membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle.
negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
liver regeneration	The regrowth of lost or destroyed liver.
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G2 commits to M phase. The process begins when the kinase activity of M cyclin/CDK complex reaches a threshold high enough for the cell cycle to proceed. This is accomplished by activating a positive feedback loop that results in the accumulation of unphosphorylated and active M cyclin/CDK complex.
regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
regulation of centrosome cycle	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the centrosome cycle, the processes of centrosome duplication and separation.
cilium disassembly
positive regulation of receptor recycling	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor recycling.
Golgi organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the Golgi apparatus.
synapse assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse.
negative regulation of neuron projection development	Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).
modulation by host of viral process	A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.
positive regulation of intracellular protein transport	Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells.
regulation of neuron death	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.
protein localization to ciliary membrane	A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary membrane.
regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity.
positive regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity
long-chain fatty acid import into cell	The directed movement of long-chain fatty acids into a cell or organelle. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
long-chain fatty acid metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving long-chain fatty acids, A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
fatty acid beta-oxidation	A fatty acid oxidation process that results in the complete oxidation of a long-chain fatty acid. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and occurs by successive cycles of reactions during each of which the fatty acid is shortened by a two-carbon fragment removed as acetyl coenzyme A; the cycle continues until only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).
fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty-acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty-acyl group.
receptor-mediated endocytosis	An endocytosis process in which cell surface receptors ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles.
synaptic vesicle uncoating	The removal of the protein coat on a synaptic vesicle.
protein localization to Golgi apparatus	A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the Golgi apparatus.
chaperone cofactor-dependent protein refolding	The process of assisting in the correct posttranslational noncovalent assembly of proteins, which is dependent on additional protein cofactors. This process occurs over one or several cycles of nucleotide hydrolysis-dependent binding and release.
clathrin coat disassembly	The disaggregation of a clathrin coat into its constituent components; results in stripping or removing the clathrin coat from clathrin-coated vesicles (CCV) before fusing with their targets. CVVs transport cargo from plasma membrane and trans-Golgi to the endosomal system.
positive regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of polyamine transmembrane transport.
protein export from nucleus	The directed movement of a protein from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus	The directed movement of a ribosomal large subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus	The directed movement of a ribosomal small subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
nucleocytoplasmic transport	The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
ribosome biogenesis	A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.
negative regulation of chromatin binding	Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.
apoptotic mitochondrial changes	The morphological and physiological alterations undergone by mitochondria during apoptosis.
positive regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.
positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration	Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum.
negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration	Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum.
positive regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration	Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in mitochondria.
maintenance of mitochondrion location	Any process in which a mitochondrion is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
calcium ion import	The directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle.
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction
positive regulation of ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-transporting ATPase activity.
positive regulation of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum
regulation of cardiac conduction
calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum	The directed movement of calcium ions into a sarcoplasmic reticulum.
regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.
regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
myelination in peripheral nervous system	The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.
regulation of myoblast proliferation	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation.
Golgi to plasma membrane transport	The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane, where they fuse and release their contents by exocytosis.
substantia nigra development	The progression of the substantia nigra over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The substantia nigra is the layer of gray substance that separates the posterior parts of the cerebral peduncles (tegmentum mesencephali) from the anterior parts; it normally includes a posterior compact part with many pigmented cells (pars compacta) and an anterior reticular part whose cells contain little pigment (pars reticularis).
protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum	The directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum exit site	A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at an endoplasmic reticulum exit site.
regulation of protein phosphorylation	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into an amino acid in a protein.
positive regulation of neuron projection development	Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).
regulation of neuron migration	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration.
protein K33-linked ubiquitination	A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 33 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein.
gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuronal migration to the hypothalamus	The directional movement of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone producing neuron from the nasal placode to the hypothalamus.
regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin cytoskeleton reorganization.
regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.
regulation of chromatin organization	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin organization.
endothelial cell differentiation	The process in which a mesodermal, bone marrow or neural crest cell acquires specialized features of an endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell. A layer of such cells lines the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium.
mesodermal cell differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mesoderm cell.
cardiac muscle cell differentiation	The process in which a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.
glycogen biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues.
gluconeogenesis	The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol.
fatty acid metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.
regulation of vasoconstriction	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels.
lactate biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactate, the anion of lactic acid.
negative regulation of circadian rhythm	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior.
white fat cell differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in energy storage. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole.
regulation of glutamate uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of L-glutamate into a neuron or glial cell.
negative regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding.
Rac protein signal transduction	A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rac family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
mitotic centrosome separation	Separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis. The centriole pair within each centrosome becomes part of a separate microtubule organizing center that nucleates a radial array of microtubules called an aster. The two asters move to opposite sides of the nucleus to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle.
opsin transport	The directed movement of an opsin (a G-protein coupled receptor of photoreceptor cells) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
plus-end-directed vesicle transport along microtubule	The directed movement of a vesicle towards the plus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination.
anterograde dendritic transport of neurotransmitter receptor complex
GMP biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GMP, guanosine monophosphate.
'de novo' IMP biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate, by the stepwise assembly of a purine ring on ribose 5-phosphate.
purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
'de novo' AMP biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP).
'de novo' XMP biosynthetic process
collagen fibril organization	Any process that determines the size and arrangement of collagen fibrils within an extracellular matrix.
supramolecular fiber organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of fibrils, insoluble fibrous aggregates consisting of polysaccharides and/or proteins.
protein transport	The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
otic vesicle formation	The process resulting in the transition of the otic placode into the otic vesicle, a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.
pronephros development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.
synaptic vesicle docking	The initial attachment of a synaptic vesicle membrane to the presynaptic membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the synaptic vesicle and the target membrane.
mitochondrial tRNA 5'-end processing
negative regulation of T cell cytokine production	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production.
negative regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
negative regulation of transcription by competitive promoter binding	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves direct competition for interaction with a promoter binding site.
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway.
negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the BMP signaling pathway.
regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway.
negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.
adherens junction assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.
response to laminar fluid shear stress	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a laminar fluid shear stress stimulus. Laminar fluid flow is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface in parallel layers. As an example, laminar shear stress can be seen where blood flows against the luminal side of blood vessel walls.
negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin transferase activity.
ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis	The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized.
regulation of cardiac muscle contraction	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarization	Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in a ventricular cardiomyocyte.
pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation	The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a pathway restricted SMAD protein. A pathway restricted SMAD protein is an effector protein that acts directly downstream of the transforming growth factor family receptor.
negative regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation	Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
ventricular septum morphogenesis	The developmental process in which a ventricular septum is generated and organized. A ventricular septum is an anatomical structure that separates the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart from one another.
negative regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 type immune response.
negative regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell differentiation.
NIK/NF-kappaB signaling	The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell through the NIK-dependent processing and activation of NF-KappaB. Begins with activation of the NF-KappaB-inducing kinase (NIK), which in turn phosphorylates and activates IkappaB kinase alpha (IKKalpha). IKKalpha phosphorylates the NF-Kappa B2 protein (p100) leading to p100 processing and release of an active NF-KappaB (p52).
cellular response to cadmium ion	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus.
histone mRNA catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histone messenger RNA (mRNA).
protein glycosylation	A protein modification process that results in the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.
lysosomal transport	The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a lysosome.
bile acid metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.
cholesterol transport	The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
membrane raft organization	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of membrane rafts, small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.
intracellular cholesterol transport	The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, within cells.
cholesterol efflux	The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.
cholesterol homeostasis	Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cholesterol within an organism or cell.
establishment of protein localization to membrane	The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a membrane.
forelimb morphogenesis	The process in which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an animal, e.g. the arms of a human.
anterior/posterior axis specification, embryo	The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by the products of genes expressed maternally and genes expressed in the zygote.
male genitalia development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
female genitalia development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female genitalia over time, from formation to the mature structure.
mammary gland development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. Its development starts with the formation of the mammary line and ends as the mature gland cycles between nursing and weaning stages.
luteinizing hormone secretion	The regulated release of luteinizing hormone, a gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary.
follicle-stimulating hormone secretion	The regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone, a gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary.
mesoderm morphogenesis	The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesoderm are generated and organized.
cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition	A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
sinoatrial node cell development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sinoatrial (SA) node cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. SA node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the sinoatrial node.
cardiac jelly development
negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis.
positive regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cytokine mediated signaling pathway.
myelin maintenance	The process of preserving the structure and function of mature myelin. This includes maintaining the compact structure of myelin necessary for its electrical insulating characteristics as well as the structure of non-compact regions such as Schmidt-Lantermann clefts and paranodal loops. This does not include processes responsible for maintaining the nodes of Ranvier, which are not part of the myelin sheath.
negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.
Tie signaling pathway	The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a Tie protein (a receptor) binding to one of its physiological ligands (an angiopoietin).
negative regulation of positive chemotaxis	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
glomerulus vasculature development	The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerulus vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the glomerulus vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the glomerulus.
regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junctions.
skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering	The accumulation of acetylcholine-gated cation channels in a narrow, central region of muscle fibers, in apposition to nerve terminals.
positive regulation of protein geranylgeranylation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein geranylgeranylation.
atrioventricular valve morphogenesis	The process in which the structure of the atrioventricular valve is generated and organized.
endocardial cushion morphogenesis	The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardial cushion is generated and organized. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
atrial septum development	The progression of the atrial septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
NK T cell differentiation	The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a NK T cell.
ectoderm development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation.
lactation	The secretion of milk by the mammary gland.
positive regulation of interleukin-17 production	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
response to insulin	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.
negative regulation of NK T cell proliferation <

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GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 Dataset

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biological process Gene Sets