| Description | curated annotations of genes with biological processes |
| Measurement | association by literature curation |
| Association | gene-biological process associations from curated gene annotations |
| Category | structural or functional annotations |
| Resource | Gene Ontology |
| Citation(s) | |
| Last Updated | 2025 Mar 10 |
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Gene Attribute
Gene Similarity
Attribute Similarity
UMAP
11873 sets of genes participating in biological processes from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 dataset.
| Gene Set | Description |
|---|---|
| male meiosis chromosome segregation | The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a male. |
| meiotic sister chromatid cohesion involved in meiosis I | |
| female meiosis chromosome segregation | |
| homologous chromosome segregation | The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the first division of the meiotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner; this pairing off, referred to as synapsis, permits genetic recombination. One homolog (both sister chromatids) of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets. |
| meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric | The cell cycle process in which centromeres of sister chromatids are joined during meiosis. |
| xenobiotic catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a xenobiotic compound, a compound foreign to living organisms. Used of chemical compounds, e.g. a xenobiotic chemical, such as a pesticide. |
| regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. |
| neutrophil chemotaxis | The directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding. |
| nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs in eukaryotic cells. |
| negative regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body. |
| endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings. |
| positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin that contributes to the response of a cell to glucose. |
| negative regulation of neuron differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. |
| neuron projection morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites. |
| regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration | |
| myoblast fusion | A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts fuse to existing fibers or to myotubes to form new fibers. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. |
| myoblast fusion involved in skeletal muscle regeneration | |
| skeletal muscle tissue regeneration | The regrowth of skeletal muscle tissue to repair injured or damaged muscle fibers in the postnatal stage. |
| plasma membrane fusion | The joining of two or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround a cell. |
| skeletal muscle organ development | The progression of a skeletal muscle organ over time from its initial formation to its mature state. A skeletal muscle organ includes the skeletal muscle tissue and its associated connective tissue. |
| positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation. |
| establishment of left/right asymmetry | |
| regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle. |
| cellular response to amino acid stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups. |
| negative regulation of TORC1 signaling | |
| enteroendocrine cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an enteroendocrine cell. Enteroendocrine cells are hormonally active epithelial cells in the gut that constitute the diffuse neuroendocrine system. |
| digestive tract morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. |
| neuron maturation | A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a neuron to attain its fully functional state. |
| protein stabilization | Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a protein and preventing it from degradation or aggregation. |
| regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alternative splicing of nuclear mRNAs. |
| cytidine to uridine editing | The conversion of a cytosine residue to uridine in an RNA molecule by deamination. |
| positive regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway. A type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a type I interferon binding to a cell surface receptor. |
| 3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization | An mRNA stabilization process in which one or more RNA-binding proteins associate with the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of an mRNA. |
| smoothened signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened. |
| axoneme assembly | The assembly and organization of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements. |
| intraciliary anterograde transport | The directed movement of large protein complexes along microtubules from the cell body toward the tip of a cilium (also called flagellum), mediated by motor proteins. |
| cilium assembly | The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. |
| protein localization to cilium | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cilium. |
| protein polyubiquitination | Addition of multiple ubiquitin groups to a protein, forming a ubiquitin chain. |
| ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of a ubiquitin group, or multiple ubiquitin groups, to the protein. |
| protein ubiquitination | The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a protein. |
| retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol | The directed movement of unfolded or misfolded proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol through the translocon. |
| ERAD pathway | |
| negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | |
| placenta development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin. |
| sprouting angiogenesis | The extension of new blood vessels from existing capillaries into avascular tissues resulting from the proliferation of blood vessel endothelial cells. |
| negative regulation of cytokinesis | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells. |
| positive regulation of DNA endoreduplication | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication. |
| cell cycle comprising mitosis without cytokinesis | A mitotic cell cycle in which mitosis is completed but cytokinesis does not occur, resulting in a cell containing multiple nuclei each with a chromosomal complement of the original ploidy (usually 2N). |
| positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | |
| trophoblast giant cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a trophoblast giant cell of the placenta. Trophoblast giant cells are the cell of the placenta that line the maternal decidua. |
| chorionic trophoblast cell differentiation | The process in which relatively unspecialized cells of the ectoplacental cone acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize chorionic trophoblasts. These cells will migrate towards the spongiotrophoblast layer and give rise to syncytiotrophoblasts of the labyrinthine layer. |
| hepatocyte differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a hepatocyte. A hepatocyte is specialized epithelial cell that is organized into interconnected plates called lobules, and is the main structural component of the liver. |
| positive regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II | |
| RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assembly | |
| positive regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II | |
| early endosome to Golgi transport | The directed movement of substances from early endosomes to the Golgi. |
| intermembrane lipid transfer | |
| substrate-dependent cell migration, cell extension | The formation of a cell surface protrusion, such as a lamellipodium or filopodium, at the leading edge of a migrating cell. |
| Ras protein signal transduction | A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Ras superfamily of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state. |
| axonogenesis | De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon. |
| Cdc42 protein signal transduction | A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by the Cdc42 protein switching to a GTP-bound active state. |
| netrin-activated signaling pathway | A series of molecular events initiated by the binding of a netrin protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Netrins can act as chemoattractant signals for some cells and chemorepellent signals for others. Netrins also have roles outside of cell and axon guidance. |
| positive regulation of axon extension | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension. |
| endoplasmic reticulum polarization | |
| actin filament bundle retrograde transport | |
| regulation of establishment of cell polarity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity. |
| positive regulation of neuron migration | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration. |
| hexose transmembrane transport | The directed movement of hexose across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Hexoses are any aldoses with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. |
| mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase assembly | |
| ribosome hibernation | |
| negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation. |
| O-glycan processing | The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form a core O-glycan structure. |
| fat cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat. |
| protein heterooligomerization | The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers that are not all identical. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer. |
| sensory perception of sound | The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound. |
| auditory receptor cell stereocilium organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of auditory hair cells. |
| stereocilium maintenance | |
| regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction. |
| autophagosome assembly | |
| positive regulation of protein phosphorylation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. |
| positive regulation of autophagy | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm. |
| positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation is the phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine. |
| protein destabilization | Any process that decreases the stability of a protein, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes or aggregation. |
| negative regulation of type I interferon production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of type I interferon production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families. |
| negative regulation of type II interferon production | |
| positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine. |
| defense response to bacterium | Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism. |
| positive regulation of macrophage activation | Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of macrophage activation. |
| negative regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction | |
| regulation of protein-containing complex assembly | |
| negative regulation of defense response to virus | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of antiviral mechanisms, thereby facilitating viral replication. |
| negative regulation of inflammatory response | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response. |
| defense response to Gram-negative bacterium | Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-negative bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism. |
| positive regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway | |
| protein lipidation involved in autophagosome assembly | |
| CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade | |
| protein-containing complex assembly | |
| nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2). |
| protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy | |
| cellular response to lipopolysaccharide | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. |
| positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity. |
| positive regulation of mitochondrial fission | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission is the division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments. |
| autophagosome maturation | |
| cellular response to virus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus. |
| negative regulation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway | |
| negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly. |
| positive regulation of autophagosome maturation | |
| positive regulation of mitophagy | |
| positive regulation of xenophagy | |
| positive regulation of lysosome organization | |
| transcription by RNA polymerase II | |
| positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription | |
| chloride transmembrane transport | The directed movement of chloride across a membrane. |
| inflammatory response | The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. |
| positive regulation of gene expression | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. |
| odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dentin-containing tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dentin-containing tooth is a hard, bony organ borne on the jaw or other bone of a vertebrate, and is composed mainly of dentin, a dense calcified substance, covered by a layer of enamel. |
| positive regulation of GTPase activity | Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase. |
| positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in wound healing | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation, contributing to the restoration of integrity to a damaged tissue following an injury. |
| hydrogen peroxide catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). |
| fatty acid alpha-oxidation | A metabolic pathway by which 3-methyl branched fatty acids are degraded. These compounds are not degraded by the normal peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway, because the 3-methyl blocks the dehydrogenation of the hydroxyl group by hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. The 3-methyl branched fatty acid is converted in several steps to pristenic acid, which can then feed into the beta-oxidative pathway. |
| mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. |
| synaptonemal complex assembly | The cell cycle process in which the synaptonemal complex is formed. This is a structure that holds paired chromosomes together during prophase I of meiosis and that promotes genetic recombination. |
| osteoclast differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of an osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue. |
| regulation of cell migration | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. |
| fatty acid elongation, saturated fatty acid | Elongation of a saturated fatty acid chain. |
| fatty acid elongation, polyunsaturated fatty acid | Elongation of a fatty acid chain into which two or more C-C double bonds have been introduced. |
| long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs have chain lengths of C13 or more. |
| very long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22. |
| negative regulation of interleukin-8 production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production. |
| detection of bacterial lipoprotein | The series of events in which a bacterial lipoprotein stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Bacterial lipoproteins are lipoproteins characterized by the presence of conserved sequence motifs called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). |
| skeletal system development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton). |
| eye development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The eye is the organ of sight. |
| superoxide metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species. |
| heart development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. |
| extracellular matrix disassembly | A process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix. |
| bone development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components. |
| adipose tissue development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of adipose tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Adipose tissue is specialized tissue that is used to store fat. |
| podosome assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a podosome, an actin-rich adhesion structure characterized by formation upon cell substrate contact and localization at the substrate-attached part of the cell. |
| protein localization to membrane | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in a membrane. |
| inner mitochondrial membrane organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial inner membrane. |
| limb morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of a limb are generated and organized. A limb is a paired appendage of a tetrapod used for locomotion or grasping. |
| positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling. |
| membrane organization | A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. |
| membrane tubulation | A modification in a plasma membrane resulting in formation of a tubular invagination. |
| negative regulation of cell population proliferation | |
| DNA damage response | |
| purine nucleoside metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside). |
| protein de-ADP-ribosylation | The process of removing one or more ADP-ribose residues from a protein. |
| peptidyl-glutamate ADP-deribosylation | |
| negative regulation of cell growth | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. |
| 3'-UTR-mediated mRNA destabilization | An mRNA destabilization process in which one or more RNA-binding proteins associate with the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of an mRNA. |
| negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle | Any cell cycle regulatory process that prevents the commitment of a cell from G1 to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. |
| skeletal muscle contraction | A process in which force is generated within skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and in most cases it is under voluntary control. |
| de novo centriole assembly involved in multi-ciliated epithelial cell differentiation | |
| retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum | |
| negative regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay. |
| threonyl-tRNA aminoacylation | The process of coupling threonine to threonyl-tRNA, catalyzed by threonyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. |
| COP9 signalosome assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a COP9 signalosome. |
| positive regulation of T cell differentiation in thymus | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation in the thymus. |
| positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell. |
| lysine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid. |
| spermatid development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| oocyte development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. |
| germline cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle | The process in which a germline cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division. |
| establishment of mitotic spindle orientation | A cell cycle process that sets the alignment of mitotic spindle relative to other cellular structures. |
| microtubule bundle formation | A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules. |
| retina homeostasis | A tissue homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within the retina of the eye, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function. |
| microtubule nucleation | The process in which tubulin alpha-beta heterodimers begin aggregation to form an oligomeric tubulin structure (a microtubule seed). Microtubule nucleation is the initiating step in the formation of a microtubule in the absence of any existing microtubules ('de novo' microtubule formation). |
| mitotic spindle organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle. |
| mitotic metaphase chromosome alignment | |
| regulation of cytokinesis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells. |
| mitotic spindle assembly | |
| microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in mitosis | Any microtubule cytoskeleton organization that is involved in mitosis. |
| regulation of protein localization to cilium | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium. |
| ciliary transition zone assembly | |
| wybutosine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wybutosine, 3H-imidazo[1,2-alpha]purine-7-butanoic acid, 4,9-dihydro- alpha-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]- 4,6-dimethyl-9-oxo- 3-beta-D-ribofuranosyl methyl ester, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules. |
| protein catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. |
| fucose metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving fucose, or 6-deoxygalactose, which has two enantiomers, D-fucose and L-fucose. |
| negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus. |
| negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. |
| negative regulation of MAPK cascade | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade. |
| positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. |
| negative regulation of neuroinflammatory response | |
| positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation. |
| negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway. A type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a type I interferon binding to a cell surface receptor. |
| protein O-linked mannosylation | The transfer of mannose from dolichyl activated mannose to the hydroxyl group of a seryl or threonyl residue of a protein acceptor molecule, to form an O-linked protein-sugar linkage. |
| regulation of proteolysis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. |
| positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation | |
| regulation of protein catabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. |
| early endosome to late endosome transport | The directed movement of substances, in membrane-bounded vesicles, from the early sorting endosomes to the late sorting endosomes; transport occurs along microtubules and can be experimentally blocked with microtubule-depolymerizing drugs. |
| binding of sperm to zona pellucida | The process in which the sperm binds to the zona pellucida glycoprotein layer of the egg. The process begins with the attachment of the sperm plasma membrane to the zona pellucida and includes attachment of the acrosome inner membrane to the zona pellucida after the acrosomal reaction takes place. |
| protein maturation | Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. |
| regulation of protein processing | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing, any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. |
| positive regulation of fertilization | |
| positive regulation of acrosome reaction | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the acrosome reaction. |
| histone mRNA metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving an mRNA encoding a histone. |
| mRNA 3'-end processing | Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an mRNA molecule. |
| positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle | Any cell cycle regulatory process that promotes the commitment of a cell from G1 to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. |
| double-strand break repair | The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix. |
| replication fork processing | The process in which a DNA replication fork that has stalled (due to DNA damage, DNA secondary structure, bound proteins, dNTP shortage, or other causes) is repaired and replication is restarted. |
| regulation of actin filament organization | |
| lipid droplet organization | |
| lipid droplet formation | |
| macroautophagy | The major inducible pathway for the general turnover of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells, it is also responsible for the degradation of active cytoplasmic enzymes and organelles during nutrient starvation. Macroautophagy involves the formation of double-membrane-bounded autophagosomes which enclose the cytoplasmic constituent targeted for degradation in a membrane-bounded structure, which then fuse with the lysosome (or vacuole) releasing a single-membrane-bounded autophagic bodies which are then degraded within the lysosome (or vacuole). Though once thought to be a purely non-selective process, it appears that some types of macroautophagy, e.g. macropexophagy, macromitophagy, may involve selective targeting of the targets to be degraded. |
| multivesicular body assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a multivesicular body, a type of late endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm. |
| protein transport to vacuole involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway | |
| membrane fission | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the separation of a single continuous membrane into two membranes. |
| determination of left/right symmetry | The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry. |
| outer dynein arm assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal dynein outer arm, an outer arm structure present on the outer doublet microtubules of ciliary and flagellar axonemes. |
| cilium movement | The directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium. |
| regulation of cilium assembly | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cilium assembly. |
| olfactory behavior | The behavior of an organism in response to an odor. |
| positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility | |
| proteolysis | The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds. |
| ether lipid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ether lipids, lipids that contain (normally) one lipid alcohol in ether linkage to one of the carbon atoms (normally C-1) of glycerol. |
| endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport | |
| vesicle coating | A protein coat is added to the vesicle to form the proper shape of the vesicle and to target the vesicle for transport to its destination. |
| inorganic cation transmembrane transport | A process in which an inorganic cation is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| serotonin-gated cation-selective signaling pathway | |
| nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening | Shortening of the poly(A) tail of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length. |
| positive regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body. |
| negative regulation of translation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA. |
| negative regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway. |
| miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing | |
| negative regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity. |
| positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A) tail shortening of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA. Poly(A) tail shortening is the decrease in length of the poly(A) tail of an mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length. |
| positive regulation of mRNA catabolic process | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of a mRNA catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. |
| positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay. |
| regulation of stem cell population maintenance | |
| carnosine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the dipeptide beta-alanyl-L-histidine (carnosine). |
| L-histidine catabolic process | |
| homotypic cell-cell adhesion | The attachment of a cell to a second cell of the identical type via adhesion molecules. |
| positive regulation of cytokine production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine. |
| positive regulation of T cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of T cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of T cell activation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. |
| positive regulation of cell population proliferation | |
| embryonic heart tube development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic heart tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart tube forms as the heart rudiment from the heart field. |
| negative regulation of apoptotic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| tongue development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tongue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in many other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech. |
| digestive tract development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. |
| atrial cardiac muscle cell development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an atrial cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The atrium is the part of the heart that receives blood into the organ. |
| ventricular cardiac muscle cell development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ. |
| pharyngeal system development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pharyngeal system is a transient embryonic complex that is specific to vertebrates. It comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming: the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear. |
| pericardium development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pericardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the aorta, vena cava and the pulmonary artery. |
| sperm-egg recognition | The initial contact step made between the sperm plasma membrane and outer layer of the egg during fertilization. |
| BMP signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| negative regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokine mediated signaling pathway. |
| Toll signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to the receptor Toll on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| response to lipopolysaccharide | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. |
| male gonad development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| glycerol biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids. |
| glycerophospholipid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue. |
| negative regulation of gluconeogenesis | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis. |
| mitophagy | |
| cell-matrix adhesion | The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules. |
| regulation of mitotic cell cycle | Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle. |
| negative regulation of viral genome replication | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication. |
| female gonad development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| cellular response to starvation | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment. |
| regulation of cell cycle | Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. |
| negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly | |
| positive regulation of protein oxidation | |
| negative regulation of anion channel activity | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the anion channel activity. |
| positive regulation of cell migration | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. |
| positive regulation of protein targeting to membrane | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein. |
| inner dynein arm assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal dynein inner arm, an inner arm structure present on the outer doublet microtubules of ciliary and flagellar axonemes. |
| sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway | |
| lipid transport | The directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lipids are compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. |
| sphingolipid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid). |
| positive regulation of platelet aggregation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules. |
| mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex II, in the mitochondrial inner membrane. |
| plasma membrane organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plasma membrane. |
| phospholipid homeostasis | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of phospholipid within an organism or cell. |
| membrane assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane. |
| actin filament organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking. |
| regulation of protein localization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. |
| positive regulation of meiotic nuclear division | |
| establishment of spindle localization | The directed movement of the spindle to a specific location in the cell. |
| regulation of cell division | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells. |
| regulation of establishment of protein localization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location. |
| positive regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination | |
| positive regulation of double-strand break repair | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair. |
| otolith mineralization | The precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate with extracellular matrix proteins in the otolith organs of the vertebrate inner ear. |
| protein homooligomerization | The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of identical component monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer. |
| regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | |
| stem cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. |
| dosage compensation by inactivation of X chromosome | Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global inactivation of all, or most of, the genes on one of the X-chromosomes in the XX sex. |
| nose development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nose over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity). |
| positive regulation of DNA repair | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair. |
| negative regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination. |
| positive regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining. |
| activation of GTPase activity | |
| positive regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy | |
| negative regulation of interleukin-12 production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-12 production. |
| negative regulation of interleukin-13 production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-13 production. |
| positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production. |
| positive regulation of interleukin-10 production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-10 production. |
| positive regulation of interleukin-6 production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production. |
| positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production. |
| positive regulation of MAPK cascade | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade. |
| positive regulation of inflammatory response | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response. |
| positive regulation of cell activation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation. |
| positive regulation of calcium ion transport | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein tyrosine kinase activity. |
| lipoprotein transport | The directed movement of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| cytoskeleton organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. |
| regulation of cell morphogenesis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis. Cell morphogenesis is the developmental process in which the shape of a cell is generated and organized. |
| miRNA-mediated gene silencing by inhibition of translation | |
| negative regulation of hippo signaling | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hippo signaling. |
| rRNA base methylation | The addition of a methyl group to an atom in the nucleoside base portion of a nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule. |
| intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress | A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. |
| female meiosis I | The cell cycle process in which the first meiotic division occurs in the female germline. |
| positive regulation of antimicrobial humoral response | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response. |
| negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. |
| negative regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. |
| cellular response to interferon-beta | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-beta stimulus. Interferon-beta is a type I interferon. |
| negative regulation of innate immune response | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response. |
| defense response to virus | Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a virus that act to protect the cell or organism. |
| cellular response to molecule of bacterial origin | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin. |
| cellular response to type II interferon | |
| cellular response to interleukin-1 | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus. |
| cellular response to tumor necrosis factor | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus. |
| cellular response to progesterone stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a progesterone stimulus. |
| positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process. |
| protein lipoylation | The addition of a lipoyl group to an amino acid residue in a protein. |
| positive regulation of oxygen metabolic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxygen metabolic process. |
| positive regulation of neurogenesis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons. |
| macrophage differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage. |
| regulation of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering | |
| regulation of AMPA receptor activity | |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, to a cell surface receptor. |
| memory | The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task). |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor clustering | |
| regulation of GABA-A receptor activity | |
| positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation. |
| nervous system development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state. |
| regulation of vascular permeability involved in acute inflammatory response | Any process that modulates the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid contributing to an acute inflammatory response. |
| positive regulation of acute inflammatory response | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response. |
| regulation of cell adhesion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix. |
| positive regulation of defense response to bacterium | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to bacterium. |
| negative regulation of cell migration | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. |
| negative regulation of axon regeneration | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration. |
| microtubule severing | The process in which a microtubule is broken down into smaller segments. |
| negative regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells | |
| regulation of fertilization | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). |
| bone morphogenesis | The process in which bones are generated and organized. |
| positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. |
| intracellular calcium ion homeostasis | |
| regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the process in which the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol occurs via calcium release channels. |
| D-glucose import | |
| protein deubiquitination | The removal of one or more ubiquitin groups from a protein. |
| positive regulation of apoptotic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| protein K63-linked deubiquitination | A protein deubiquitination process in which a K63-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein. |
| protein K48-linked deubiquitination | A protein deubiquitination process in which a K48-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein. |
| protein polyglycylation | The addition of glycyl units covalently bound to the gamma carboxyl group peptidyl-glutamic acid. |
| regulation of Notch signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway. |
| regulation of cholesterol efflux | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle. |
| negative regulation of angiogenesis | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis. |
| membrane raft distribution | The process that establishes the spatial arrangement of membrane rafts within a cellular membrane. |
| hematopoietic stem cell proliferation | The expansion of a hematopoietic stem cell population by cell division. A hematopoietic stem cell is a stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop. |
| protein quality control for misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins | |
| proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome. |
| target-directed miRNA degradation | |
| positive regulation of miRNA catabolic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA catabolic process. |
| type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway | |
| mRNA processing | Any process involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into one or more mature mRNA(s) prior to translation into polypeptide. |
| regulation of RNA splicing | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing, the process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA. |
| cognition | Intellectual or mental process whereby an organism becomes aware of or obtains knowledge. |
| DNA-templated transcription | |
| negative regulation of autophagy | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm. |
| positive regulation of pseudopodium assembly | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia. |
| regulation of protein ubiquitination | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein. |
| endocytic recycling | The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from recycling endosomes back to the plasma membrane where they are recycled for further rounds of transport. |
| Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation | The actin nucleation process in which actin monomers combine to form a new branch on the side of an existing actin filament; mediated by the Arp2/3 protein complex and its interaction with other proteins. |
| regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation mediated by the Arp2/3 complex and interacting proteins. |
| retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi | The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from endosomes back to the trans-Golgi network where they are recycled for further rounds of transport. |
| regulation of endopeptidase activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins. |
| positive regulation of protein import into nucleus | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. |
| positive regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane | |
| chemical synaptic transmission | |
| establishment of skin barrier | Establishment of the epithelial barrier, the functional barrier in the skin that limits its permeability. |
| ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis | Endocytosis of a protein that requires the substrate to be modified by ubiquitination. Several plasma membrane proteins, including cell surface permeases and some receptors, are targeted for internalization by endocytosis, and are thereafter delivered to the vacuole or lysosome, where they are degraded. |
| resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates | The cleavage and rejoining of intermediates, such as Holliday junctions, formed during meiotic recombination to produce two intact molecules in which genetic material has been exchanged. |
| positive regulation of protein ubiquitination | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein. |
| interstrand cross-link repair | Removal of a DNA interstrand crosslink (a covalent attachment of DNA bases on opposite strands of the DNA) and restoration of the DNA. DNA interstrand crosslinks occur when both strands of duplex DNA are covalently tethered together (e.g. by an exogenous or endogenous agent), thus preventing the strand unwinding necessary for essential DNA functions such as transcription and replication. |
| epidermal cell fate specification | The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epidermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. |
| thymus development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thymus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thymus is a symmetric bi-lobed organ involved primarily in the differentiation of immature to mature T cells, with unique vascular, nervous, epithelial, and lymphoid cell components. |
| parathyroid gland development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the parathyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parathyroid gland is an organ specialised for secretion of parathyroid hormone. |
| otic placode development | |
| homologous chromosome pairing at meiosis | |
| positive regulation of vasoconstriction | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction. |
| positive regulation of T cell apoptotic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process. |
| tricarboxylic acid cycle | A nearly universal metabolic pathway in which the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A is effectively oxidized to two CO2 and four pairs of electrons are transferred to coenzymes. The acetyl group combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which undergoes successive transformations to isocitrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate again, thus completing the cycle. In eukaryotes the tricarboxylic acid is confined to the mitochondria. See also glyoxylate cycle. |
| protein methylation | The addition of a methyl group to a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom. |
| peptidyl-lysine trimethylation | The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine. |
| peptidyl-lysine monomethylation | The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-methyl-L-lysine. |
| peptidyl-lysine dimethylation | The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine. |
| negative regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome. |
| negative regulation of protein catabolic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. |
| G protein-coupled receptor catabolic process | |
| meiotic DNA double-strand break formation | The cell cycle process in which double-strand breaks are generated at defined hotspots throughout the genome during meiosis I. This results in the initiation of meiotic recombination. |
| oogenesis | The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster. |
| positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway activity. |
| positive regulation of epidermis development | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development. |
| negative regulation of nervous system development | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. |
| vestibular receptor cell development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a vestibular receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. |
| inner ear receptor cell development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inner ear receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. |
| inner ear receptor cell stereocilium organization | |
| filopodium assembly | The assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone. |
| positive regulation of excitatory synapse assembly | |
| fatty acid catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes. |
| coenzyme A catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester. |
| medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoA catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a medium-chain fatty-acyl group. A medium-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12. |
| butyryl-CoA catabolic process | |
| succinyl-CoA catabolic process | |
| propionyl-CoA metabolic process | |
| malonyl-CoA catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of malonyl-CoA, the S-malonyl derivative of coenzyme A. |
| potassium ion transmembrane transport | A process in which a potassium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other. |
| positive regulation of dendritic spine development | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| protein import into nucleus | The directed movement of a protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. |
| cap-dependent translational initiation | |
| T cell mediated immunity | Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a T cell. |
| Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis | An Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the endocytic engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes. |
| T cell migration | The movement of a T cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body. |
| positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules. |
| fatty acid elongation | The elongation of a fatty acid chain by the sequential addition of two-carbon units. |
| cementum mineralization | The process in which calcium salts, mainly carbonated hydroxyapatite, are deposited into the initial acellular cementum. |
| microvillar actin bundle assembly | |
| visual perception | The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image. |
| cell junction assembly | A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cell junction. |
| establishment of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity | The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell. |
| regulation of neuron projection arborization | |
| muscle organ development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work. |
| transposable element silencing | |
| male meiosis I | A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis I, the first meiotic division in the male germline. |
| piRNA transcription | |
| positive regulation of macroautophagy | Any process, such as recognition of nutrient depletion, that activates or increases the rate of macroautophagy to bring cytosolic macromolecules to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation. |
| negative regulation of TOR signaling | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling. |
| negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. |
| regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity | A process that modulates short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity. |
| leukotriene D4 biosynthetic process | |
| negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation. |
| T cell differentiation | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. |
| positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction | |
| intracellular pH reduction | Any process that reduces the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. |
| proprioception | The series of events by which an organism senses the position, location, orientation, and movement of the body and its parts. Proprioception is mediated by proprioceptors, sensory nerve terminals found in muscles, tendons, and joint capsules, which give information concerning movements and position of the body. The receptors in the labyrinth are sometimes also considered proprioceptors. |
| cellular response to mechanical stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus. |
| negative regulation of translational initiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation. |
| negative regulation of oxidative phosphorylation | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis. |
| positive regulation of translation in response to stress | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. |
| cellular response to amino acid starvation | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of amino acids. |
| negative regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity. |
| regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. |
| regulation of the force of skeletal muscle contraction | |
| relaxation of skeletal muscle | A process in which the extent of skeletal muscle tissue contraction is reduced. Muscle relaxation involves the removal of calcium from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen through the action of Ca2+ ATPases. |
| estrogen biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants. |
| cellular response to retinoic acid | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus. |
| activation of meiosis | Any process that starts the inactive process of meiosis. |
| maintenance of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum | Any process in which a protein is maintained in the endoplasmic reticulum and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the endoplasmic reticulum, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| natural killer cell degranulation | The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a natural killer cell. |
| regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation | |
| motile cilium assembly | The assembly of a motile cilium, a cilium that contains a regular longitudinal array of axonemal microtubules. In vertebrates, motile cilia are usually formed around a 9 + 2 microtubule core structure. Motile cilia are often found in tissues where propagation of fluid is necessary for proper organ development or function. |
| centriole assembly | A cellular process that results in the assembly of one or more centrioles. |
| multi-ciliated epithelial cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a multi-ciliated epithelial cell. |
| mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the cytochrome bc(1) complex (also known as ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase), in the mitochondrial inner membrane. |
| mitochondrial respirasome assembly | |
| positive regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly. |
| positive regulation of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus | |
| positive regulation of viral process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant. |
| sensory perception of smell | The series of events required for an organism to receive an olfactory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Olfaction involves the detection of chemical composition of an organism's ambient medium by chemoreceptors. This is a neurological process. |
| regulation of cell population proliferation | |
| tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein | The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein. |
| type III interferon-mediated signaling pathway | |
| positive regulation of cellular respiration | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration. |
| mitochondrial fission | The division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments. |
| positive regulation of mitochondrial translation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion. |
| mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit assembly | |
| regulation of mitotic cytokinesis | |
| DNA metabolic process | Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides. |
| lipid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. |
| microtubule depolymerization | The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule. |
| regulation of cell growth | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. |
| protein phosphorylation | The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein. |
| sodium ion transport | The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| long-term memory | The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation. |
| positive regulation of transporter activity | Any process that activates or increases the activity of a transporter. |
| regulation of apoptotic process | Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| regulation of gastric acid secretion | Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. |
| renal sodium ion absorption | A renal system process in which sodium ions are taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures. |
| regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator. |
| nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process | Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. |
| pyrimidine nucleoside salvage | Any process that generates a pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose, from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. |
| release of cytochrome c from mitochondria | The process that results in the movement of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is part of the apoptotic signaling pathway and leads to caspase activation. |
| positive regulation of bone mineralization | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization. |
| negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. |
| negative regulation of mitochondrial depolarization | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive. |
| negative regulation of necroptotic process | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a necroptotic process, a necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors. |
| negative regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| regulation of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering | |
| negative regulation of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering | |
| bone regeneration | The regrowth of bone following its loss or destruction. |
| mRNA splicing, via spliceosome | The joining together of exons from one or more primary transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) and the excision of intron sequences, via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced. |
| RNA export from nucleus | The directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. |
| mRNA export from nucleus | The directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. |
| negative regulation of RNA export from nucleus | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of RNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. |
| fibroblast migration | Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a fibroblast pseudopodium. A fibroblast is a connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. |
| establishment or maintenance of actin cytoskeleton polarity | Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized actin-based cytoskeletal structures. |
| stress fiber assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a stress fiber. A stress fiber is a contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity. |
| coenzyme A biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester. |
| long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a medium-chain fatty-acyl group. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22. |
| medium-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12. |
| palmitic acid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of palmitic acid. |
| chromatin remodeling | Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin occurring throughout the cell division cycle. These changes range from the local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation. |
| protein targeting to membrane | The process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein. |
| vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I | |
| positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III | |
| regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly | |
| post-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport | The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to other parts of the cell, including organelles and the plasma membrane, mediated by small transport vesicles. |
| membrane fusion | The membrane organization process that joins two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane. |
| mitochondrion organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components. |
| regulation of actin filament polymerization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament. |
| positive regulation of granulocyte differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation. |
| granulocyte colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the cytokine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. G-CSF binds to the receptor (CSF3R). |
| positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction | |
| cellular response to cytokine stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus. |
| regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion | |
| regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to mitochondrion. |
| mesodermal cell fate specification | The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. |
| chloride transport | The directed movement of chloride into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| muscle contraction | A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. |
| regulation of heart contraction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body. |
| negative regulation of protein glutathionylation | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein glutathionylation. Protein glutathionylation is the protein modification process in which a glutathione molecule is added to a protein amino acid through a disulfide linkage. |
| regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane potential | Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in a cardiac muscle cell (a cardiomyocyte). A membrane potential is the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. |
| positive regulation of sodium ion export across plasma membrane | |
| regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity. |
| protein targeting to mitochondrion | The process of directing proteins towards and into the mitochondrion, usually mediated by mitochondrial proteins that recognize signals contained within the imported protein. |
| positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of actin filament polymerization | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization. |
| eosinophil chemotaxis | The movement of an eosinophil in response to an external stimulus. |
| cytoplasmic translation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in the cytoplasm. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein. |
| GTP metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving GTP, guanosine triphosphate. |
| potassium ion transport | The directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| glutamate secretion | The controlled release of glutamate by a cell. The glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system. |
| sodium ion transmembrane transport | A process in which a sodium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| regulation of resting membrane potential | Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a resting potential, the electrical charge across the plasma membrane, with the interior of the cell negative with respect to the exterior. The resting potential is the membrane potential of a cell that is not stimulated to be depolarized or hyperpolarized. |
| regulation of interleukin-4 production | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-4 production. |
| regulation of interleukin-5 production | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-5 production. |
| toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 2. |
| toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 4. |
| mature conventional dendritic cell differentiation | The process in which antigen-activated dendritic cells acquire the specialized features of a mature conventional dendritic cell. Mature conventional dendritic cells upregulate the surface expression of MHC molecules, chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules, and increase the number of dendrites (cytoplasmic protrusions) in preparation for migration to lymphoid organs where they present antigen to T cells. |
| regulation of p38MAPK cascade | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade. |
| negative regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response. |
| negative regulation of gene expression | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| negative regulation of chemokine production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of chemokine production. |
| negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production. |
| positive regulation of type II interferon production | |
| positive regulation of interleukin-12 production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-12 production. |
| positive regulation of interleukin-13 production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-13 production. |
| positive regulation of interleukin-4 production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-4 production. |
| positive regulation of interleukin-8 production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production. |
| positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response | |
| p38MAPK cascade | An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a p38 MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. |
| negative regulation of mast cell degranulation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of mast cell degranulation. |
| negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer mediated cytotoxicity. |
| negative regulation of activated T cell proliferation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of viral entry into host cell | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of viral entry into the host cell. |
| positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. |
| positive regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death | |
| ERK1 and ERK2 cascade | An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK1 or ERK2 (MAPKs), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. |
| response to interleukin-1 | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus. |
| positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta. |
| positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1. |
| positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction | |
| positive regulation of T cell migration | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell migration. |
| positive regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell chemotaxis. |
| negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell apoptotic process. |
| positive regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell. |
| positive regulation of dendritic cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation. |
| neutrophil degranulation | The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as proteases, lipases, and inflammatory mediators by a neutrophil. |
| negative regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis. |
| platelet aggregation | The adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules. |
| complement activation, lectin pathway | Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the lectin pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes and the regulation of other immune processes. |
| protein targeting | The process of targeting specific proteins to particular membrane-bounded subcellular organelles. Usually requires an organelle specific protein sequence motif. |
| protein targeting to lysosome | The process of directing proteins towards the lysosome using signals contained within the protein. |
| intracellular protein transport | The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell. |
| Golgi to endosome transport | The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to early sorting endosomes. Clathrin vesicles transport substances from the trans-Golgi to endosomes. |
| protein localization | Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. |
| Golgi to lysosome transport | The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to lysosomes. |
| protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a basolateral plasma membrane. |
| RNA splicing | The process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA. |
| positive regulation of exocytosis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis. |
| anterograde axonal protein transport | |
| positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, the process in which cytochrome c is enabled to move from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is an early step in apoptosis and leads to caspase activation. |
| anterograde axonal transport | |
| melanosome organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a melanosome. A melanosome is a tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored. |
| clathrin-coated vesicle cargo loading, AP-3-mediated | |
| anterograde synaptic vesicle transport | The directed movement of substances in synaptic membrane-bounded vesicles within the neuron, along the cytoskeleton, away from the neuronal cell body. |
| platelet dense granule organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a platelet dense granule. A platelet dense granule is an electron-dense granule occurring in blood platelets that stores and secretes adenosine nucleotides and serotonin. They contain a highly condensed core consisting of serotonin, histamine, calcium, magnesium, ATP, ADP, pyrophosphate and membrane lysosomal proteins. |
| melanosome assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a melanosome, a tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored. |
| steroid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. |
| cholesterol metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. It is a component of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer and of plasma lipoproteins and can be found in all animal tissues. |
| positive regulation of epidermal cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation. |
| 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems. |
| lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Lipopolysaccharides are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system. |
| positive regulation of MAP kinase activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity. |
| toll-like receptor signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response. |
| MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor where the MyD88 adaptor molecule mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response. |
| phagocytosis | An endocytosis process that results in the engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles. |
| I-kappaB phosphorylation | The process of introducing a phosphate group into an inhibitor of kappa B (I-kappaB) protein. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing bound NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription. |
| positive regulation of platelet activation | Any process that increases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. |
| detection of fungus | The series of events in which a stimulus from a fungus is received and converted into a molecular signal. |
| detection of lipopolysaccharide | The series of events in which a lipopolysaccharide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. |
| negative regulation of interleukin-17 production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines. |
| negative regulation of interleukin-23 production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-23 production. |
| negative regulation of interleukin-6 production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production. |
| positive regulation of chemokine production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of chemokine production. |
| positive regulation of interferon-alpha production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-alpha production. |
| positive regulation of interferon-beta production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-beta production. |
| positive regulation of interleukin-1 production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 production. |
| TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor where the TRIF adaptor mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response. |
| T-helper 1 type immune response | An immune response which is associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and pathological conditions such as arthritis, and which is typically orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines by T-helper 1 cells, most notably interferon-gamma, IL-2, and lymphotoxin. |
| macrophage activation | A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. |
| positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide. |
| negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation. |
| intestinal epithelial structure maintenance | A tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of the structure of the intestinal epithelium. |
| negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. |
| negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis | |
| cellular response to oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus | |
| positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response. |
| positive regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process. |
| positive regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus | |
| positive regulation of matrix metallopeptidase secretion | |
| cellular response to amyloid-beta | |
| positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production. |
| positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| Rho protein signal transduction | A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rho family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state. |
| lamellipodium assembly | Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell. |
| positive regulation of cell adhesion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion. |
| focal adhesion assembly | The aggregation and bonding together of a set of components to form a focal adhesion, a complex of intracellular signaling and structural proteins that provides a structural link between the internal actin cytoskeleton and the ECM, and also function as a locus of signal transduction activity. |
| actin filament bundle assembly | The assembly of actin filament bundles; actin filaments are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness. |
| smooth muscle contraction | A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length. |
| positive regulation of neuron projection development | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). |
| positive regulation of protein secretion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. |
| negative regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle G1/S phase transition. |
| xenophagy | |
| lymphatic endothelial cell migration | |
| mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone | The transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex I. |
| aerobic respiration | The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which requires oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. |
| proton motive force-driven mitochondrial ATP synthesis | |
| polysaccharide biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. |
| carbohydrate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Includes the formation of carbohydrate derivatives by the addition of a carbohydrate residue to another molecule. |
| hyaluronan biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. |
| extracellular matrix assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the extracellular matrix. |
| positive regulation of hyaluranon cable assembly | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluranon cable assembly. |
| apoptotic process | A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. |
| activation of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase activity | The stimulation of the activity of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase through phosphorylation at specific residues. |
| extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors | A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with a ligand binding to a death domain receptor on the cell surface, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway | An extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway initiated by the binding of the ligand TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) to a death receptor on the cell surface. |
| extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with either a ligand binding to a cell surface receptor, or a ligand being withdrawn from a cell surface receptor (e.g. in the case of signaling by dependence receptors), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | |
| adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway | |
| proteasome assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome complex. |
| positive regulation of insulin secretion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. |
| negative regulation of insulin secretion | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. |
| proteasome regulatory particle assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome regulatory particle complex. |
| central nervous system development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. |
| endoplasmic reticulum mannose trimming | |
| chondrocyte development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate. |
| proteoglycan biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans. |
| positive regulation of chondrocyte differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation. |
| positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation. |
| endochondral bone morphogenesis | The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial cartilaginous anlage into bone. |
| positive regulation of cartilage development | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. |
| cellular response to BMP stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus. |
| negative regulation of chondrocyte proliferation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. |
| copper ion transport | The directed movement of copper (Cu) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| neuropeptide signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a peptide neurotransmitter binding to a cell surface receptor. |
| regulation of feeding behavior | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the behavior associated with the intake of food. |
| osteoblast development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an osteoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Osteoblast development does not include the steps involved in committing a cranial neural crest cell or an osteoprogenitor cell to an osteoblast fate. An osteoblast is a cell that gives rise to bone. |
| negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation. |
| MAPK cascade | An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. |
| negative regulation of protein phosphorylation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. |
| DNA repair | The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway. |
| response to UV | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers. |
| response to gamma radiation | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. |
| positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway activity. |
| negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity | |
| T-helper 2 cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a T-helper 2 (Th2) cell. A Th2 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype GATA-3-positive and produces interleukin-4. |
| negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity. |
| negative regulation of cell cycle | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. |
| transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling | |
| negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription | |
| negative regulation of JNK cascade | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade. |
| protein sumoylation | The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxyl terminus of SUMO with an epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein. |
| protein insertion into ER membrane | The process that results in incorporation of a protein into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. It depends on specific topogenic sequences of amino acids that ensure that a protein acquires the proper orientation during its insertion into the ER membrane. |
| tail-anchored membrane protein insertion into ER membrane | A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which a tail-anchored (TA) transmembrane protein is incorporated into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. TA transmembrane protein, also named type II transmembrane proteins, contain a single C- terminal transmembrane region. |
| heme biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, from less complex precursors. |
| positive regulation of lipoprotein transport | |
| positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane. |
| transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II | |
| negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. |
| positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. |
| regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II | |
| regulation of DNA repair | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair. |
| DNA-templated transcription initiation | |
| transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter | |
| mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II | |
| response to molecule of bacterial origin | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin. |
| response to acidic pH | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. |
| negative regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation. |
| negative regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity | Any process that stops or reduces the rate of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid. |
| negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis. |
| positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II. |
| clathrin coat assembly | The process that results in the assembly of clathrin triskelia into the ordered structure known as a clathrin cage. |
| regulation of endocytosis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis. |
| positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity. |
| positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport. |
| positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway | |
| eye photoreceptor cell development | Development of a photoreceptor, a sensory cell in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. They usually contain a pigment that undergoes a chemical change when light is absorbed, thus stimulating a nerve. |
| positive regulation of phagocytosis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis. |
| detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception | The series of events involved in visual perception in which a light stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. |
| formation of cytoplasmic translation initiation complex | Joining of the large subunit, with release of IF2/eIF2 and IF3/eIF3. This leaves the functional ribosome at the AUG, with the methionyl/formyl-methionyl-tRNA positioned at the P site. |
| regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated calcium channel activity. |
| extracellular transport | The transport of substances that occurs outside cells. |
| negative regulation of transporter activity | Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a transporter. |
| regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport | |
| protein modification process | The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). |
| negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of protein transport | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| protein autoubiquitination | The ubiquitination by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein. Ubiquitination occurs on the lysine residue by formation of an isopeptide crosslink. |
| protein K63-linked ubiquitination | A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K63-linked ubiquitination does not target the substrate protein for degradation, but is involved in several pathways, notably as a signal to promote error-free DNA postreplication repair. |
| regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity. |
| G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle | The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G1 commits to S phase. The process begins with the build up of G1 cyclin-dependent kinase (G1 CDK), resulting in the activation of transcription of G1 cyclins. The process ends with the positive feedback of the G1 cyclins on the G1 CDK which commits the cell to S phase, in which DNA replication is initiated. |
| positive regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of The DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle. |
| positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle | Any process that increases the rate or extent of progression from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. |
| epithelial cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium. |
| regulation of DNA-templated transcription | |
| regulation of hair cycle | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair. |
| positive regulation of circadian rhythm | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior. |
| negative regulation of fat cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation. |
| regulation of neurogenesis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons. |
| regulation of insulin secretion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. |
| oxidative stress-induced premature senescence | A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to oxidative stress, e.g. high levels of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals. |
| positive regulation of protein acetylation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein acetylation. |
| regulation of type B pancreatic cell development | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development. |
| negative regulation of nuclear receptor-mediated glucocorticoid signaling pathway | |
| regulation of cellular senescence | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence. |
| positive regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell differentiation. |
| natural killer cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a natural killer cell. |
| mast cell chemotaxis | The movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus. |
| positive regulation of endothelial cell migration | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium. |
| T cell chemotaxis | The directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. |
| natural killer cell activation | The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell in response to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. |
| B cell differentiation | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a B cell. A B cell is a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity. |
| positive regulation of neutrophil apoptotic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil apoptotic process. |
| natural killer cell chemotaxis | The directed movement of a natural killer cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). |
| B cell chemotaxis | The directed movement of a B cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). |
| T cell activation | The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. |
| B cell activation | The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. |
| mast cell degranulation | The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a mast cell. |
| phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction | |
| positive regulation of angiogenesis | Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis. |
| T cell receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell. |
| B cell receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell. |
| mast cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. |
| neutrophil extravasation | The migration of a neutrophil from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue. |
| positive regulation of epithelial tube formation | |
| pyruvate decarboxylation to acetyl-CoA | |
| cytidine transport | |
| uridine transmembrane transport | |
| nucleoside import across plasma membrane | |
| purine nucleobase transmembrane transport | |
| sulfation | The addition of a sulfate group to a molecule. |
| extracellular matrix organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix. |
| neurotransmitter uptake | The directed movement of neurotransmitters into neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters. It does not occur during cholinergic synaptic transmission. Instead, acetylcholine is enzymatically degraded in the synaptic cleft. |
| monoatomic ion transport | |
| dicarboxylic acid transport | The directed movement of dicarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| neurotransmitter transport | The directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell. |
| L-glutamate transmembrane transport | The directed movement of L-glutamate across a membrane. |
| thyroid hormone generation | The formation of either of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, mainly thyroxine and triiodothyronine. This is achieved by the iodination and joining of tyrosine molecules to form the precursor thyroglobin, proteolysis of this precursor gives rise to the thyroid hormones. |
| thyroid gland development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thyroid gland is an endoderm-derived gland that produces thyroid hormone. |
| embryonic organ morphogenesis | Morphogenesis, during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. |
| chordate pharynx development | |
| negative regulation of macroautophagy | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy. |
| acetyl-CoA transmembrane transport | |
| actin polymerization or depolymerization | Assembly or disassembly of actin filaments by the addition or removal of actin monomers from a filament. |
| vesicle organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vesicle. |
| actin filament polymerization | Assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament. |
| vesicle transport along actin filament | Movement of a vesicle along an actin filament, mediated by motor proteins. |
| positive regulation of filopodium assembly | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone. |
| dendritic spine morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission. |
| negative regulation of membrane tubulation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane tubulation. |
| positive regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis | |
| negative regulation of lymphocyte migration | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte migration. |
| ventricular septum development | The progression of the ventricular septum over time from its formation to the mature structure. |
| aorta development | The progression of the aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body. |
| regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling. cGMP-mediated signaling is a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic GMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response. |
| cGMP-mediated signaling | Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic GMP (cGMP). Includes production of cGMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. |
| monocyte differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a monocyte. |
| cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus. |
| negative regulation of vascular permeability | Any process that reduces the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid. |
| positive regulation of vascular permeability | Any process that increases the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid. |
| cGMP catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate. |
| establishment of endothelial barrier | The establishment of a barrier between endothelial cell layers, such as those in the brain, lung or intestine, to exert specific and selective control over the passage of water and solutes, thus allowing formation and maintenance of compartments that differ in fluid and solute composition. |
| cellular response to cAMP | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus. |
| cellular response to cGMP | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cGMP (cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus. |
| cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus | |
| cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus. |
| cellular response to granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus. |
| negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | |
| cellular response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine | |
| mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling | |
| cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) binding to one of its physiological ligands. PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species, or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), endogenous molecules released from damaged cells. |
| NLS-bearing protein import into nucleus | The directed movement of a protein bearing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane. |
| ribosomal protein import into nucleus | The directed movement of a ribosomal protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane. |
| mitochondrial transcription | |
| transcription initiation at mitochondrial promoter | |
| translational elongation | The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis. |
| protein autophosphorylation | The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation). |
| negative regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism. |
| neuroblast proliferation | The expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron. |
| brain development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). |
| regulation of cytokine production | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a cytokine. |
| translation | The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome. |
| CRD-mediated mRNA stabilization | An mRNA stabilization process in which one or more RNA-binding proteins associate with a sequence in the open reading frame called the coding region instability determinant (CRD). |
| endoplasmic reticulum organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| peroxisome fission | The division of a mature peroxisome within a cell to form two or more separate peroxisome compartments. |
| mitochondrial fragmentation involved in apoptotic process | The change in the morphology of the mitochondria in an apoptotic cell from a highly branched network to a fragmented vesicular form. |
| intracellular distribution of mitochondria | Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of mitochondria within the cell. |
| protein complex oligomerization | The association of two or more multisubunit protein complexes to form dimers or other multimers of a protein complex. |
| protein localization to mitochondrion | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the mitochondrion. |
| positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis | Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophil chemotaxis is the directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding. |
| mitochondrial membrane fission | |
| regulation of mitophagy | |
| phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid in which the sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol. |
| epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR (ERBB1) on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| insulin receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin. |
| vascular associated smooth muscle contraction | |
| platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. |
| positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis. |
| positive regulation of centriole replication | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centriole replication. |
| cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway | |
| glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. |
| negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation. |
| myoblast fate determination | The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. |
| intracellular glucose homeostasis | |
| regulation of autophagy | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm. |
| cellular response to insulin stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms. |
| response to endoplasmic reticulum stress | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stress acting at the endoplasmic reticulum. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. |
| glycoprotein catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. |
| oligosaccharide catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages. |
| CD40 signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the cell surface receptor CD40 to one of its physiological ligands, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity | |
| G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway | |
| receptor clustering | The receptor metabolic process that results in grouping of a set of receptors at a cellular location, often to amplify the sensitivity of a signaling response. |
| clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels | The process in which voltage-gated sodium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, nodes of Ranvier differ dramatically from internodal axonal regions in very high densities of voltage-dependent sodium (Nav) channels responsible for the rapid, inward ionic currents that produce membrane depolarization. |
| positive regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction | |
| synapse organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell). |
| protein O-linked glycosylation | A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via the hydroxyl group of peptidyl-serine, peptidyl-threonine, peptidyl-hydroxylysine, or peptidyl-hydroxyproline, or via the phenol group of peptidyl-tyrosine, forming an O-glycan. |
| peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation | The hydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-hydroxylysine. |
| hydroxylysine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydroxylysine (5-hydroxy-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid), a chiral alpha-amino acid. |
| negative regulation of myeloid cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. |
| mitotic cytokinesis | A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after mitosis, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells. |
| snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II | |
| phosphate ion transport | The directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| organic anion transport | The directed movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. |
| urate transport | The directed movement of urate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| glucose-6-phosphate transport | The directed movement of glucose-6-phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Glucose-6-phosphate is a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6. |
| urate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine, the end product of purine metabolism in certain mammals and the main excretory product in uricotelic animals. |
| activated T cell proliferation | The expansion of a T cell population following activation by an antigenic stimulus. |
| bile acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. |
| inner cell mass cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an inner cell mass cell. |
| positive regulation of T cell anergy | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell anergy. |
| embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell. |
| neurogenesis | Generation of cells within the nervous system. |
| exocrine pancreas development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the exocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The exocrine pancreas produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells. |
| positive regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids. |
| negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation. |
| positive regulation of viral genome replication | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication. |
| zygotic genome activation | |
| positive regulation of stem cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of tendon cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tendon cell differentiation. |
| mitochondrial electron transport, cytochrome c to oxygen | The transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex IV. |
| cellular respiration | The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which either requires oxygen (aerobic respiration) or does not (anaerobic respiration). |
| double-strand break repair via homologous recombination | The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule. |
| double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining | The repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the two broken ends are rejoined with little or no sequence complementarity. Information at the DNA ends may be lost due to the modification of broken DNA ends. This term covers instances of separate pathways, called classical (or canonical) and alternative nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ and A-NHEJ). These in turn may further branch into sub-pathways, but evidence is still unclear. |
| regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome. |
| negative regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding. |
| nucleus organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus. |
| regulation of cell cycle process | Any process that modulates a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. |
| T-tubule organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the T-tubule. A T-tubule is an invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril. |
| regulation of neuron differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. |
| positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation. |
| lipid tube assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat involved in membrane shaping of vesicle membranes as the fuse or undergo fission. |
| regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction | A cardiac conduction process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction. |
| negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport. |
| negative regulation of amyloid-beta formation | |
| negative regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process. |
| negative regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential | |
| negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel | |
| cell-cell junction assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between cells. |
| transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| learning | Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience. |
| calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell-adhesion molecules | The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction. |
| positive regulation of protein binding | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. |
| maintenance of blood-brain barrier | Preserving the permeability barrier between the blood and the brain in a stable functional or structural state. The cells in the brain are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier. |
| tight junction assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a tight junction, an occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet. |
| positive regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of endothelial barrier. |
| positive regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly | |
| establishment of blood-retinal barrier | |
| positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade. |
| cellular response to oxidative stress | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. |
| intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide | A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). |
| establishment of Golgi localization | The directed movement of the Golgi to a specific location. |
| Golgi reassembly | The reformation of the Golgi following its breakdown and partitioning contributing Golgi inheritance. |
| regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activity of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway. |
| arachidonate metabolic process | |
| monoacylglycerol catabolic process | |
| negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. |
| endothelium development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells. |
| small GTPase-mediated signal transduction | |
| negative regulation of endothelial cell migration | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium. |
| integrin activation | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits, that lead to the increased affinity of the integrin for its extracellular ligands. |
| regulation of angiogenesis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis. |
| negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process. |
| rRNA processing | Any process involved in the conversion of a primary ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript into one or more mature rRNA molecules. |
| maturation of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) | Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. |
| maturation of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) | Any process involved in the maturation of an rRNA molecule originally produced as part of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. |
| ribosomal large subunit biogenesis | A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a large ribosomal subunit; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis. |
| heart looping | The tube morphogenesis process in which the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration. Heart looping begins with dextral-looping and ends when the main regional divisions of the mature heart and primordium of the great arterial trunks become established preceeding septation. |
| marginal zone B cell differentiation | The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a marginal zone B cell. Marginal zone B cells are localized in a distinct anatomical region of the spleen that represents the major antigen-filtering and scavenging area (by specialized macrophages resident there). It appears that they are preselected to express a BCR repertoire similar to B-1 B cells, biased toward bacterial cell wall constituents and senescent self-components (such as oxidized LDL). |
| type B pancreatic cell development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a type B pancreatic cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin. |
| Notch signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to the receptor Notch on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| proximal/distal pattern formation | The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from main body (proximal end) of an organism outward (distal end). |
| astrocyte development | The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function. |
| regulation of somitogenesis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somitogenesis. |
| hemopoiesis | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates. |
| negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation. |
| regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity. |
| negative regulation of interleukin-10 production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-10 production. |
| negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process. |
| negative regulation of cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. |
| negative regulation of epidermal cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation. |
| negative regulation of myoblast differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. |
| positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of endocytosis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis. |
| lateral inhibition | Signaling between cells of equivalent developmental potential that results in these cells adopting different developmental fates. An example is the suppression by cells with a particular fate of the adoption of the same fate by surrounding cells. |
| regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle growth. |
| positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle growth. |
| neuron fate specification | The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. |
| Notch signaling pathway involved in arterial endothelial cell fate commitment | |
| clathrin-dependent endocytosis | |
| endothelial tip cell fate specification | The process involved in the specification of identity of an endothelial tip cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. An endothelial tip cell is a specialized endothelial cell localized to the leading edge of an angiogenic sprout that senses extracellular signals and guides the directed growth of blood vessels. |
| skin epidermis development | |
| regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting angiogenesis. |
| modulation of chemical synaptic transmission | |
| calcium ion transmembrane transport | A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| response to amyloid-beta | |
| negative regulation of receptor internalization | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization. |
| positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. |
| positive regulation of cell growth | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. |
| positive regulation of phosphorylation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. |
| positive regulation of JNK cascade | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade. |
| positive regulation of exosomal secretion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exosomal secretion. |
| positive regulation of extracellular exosome assembly | |
| lipid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids. |
| phospholipid transport | The directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Phospholipids are any lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester. |
| RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions | Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions. |
| RNA processing | Any process involved in the conversion of one or more primary RNA transcripts into one or more mature RNA molecules. |
| maturation of SSU-rRNA | Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule. |
| ribosomal small subunit biogenesis | A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a small ribosomal subunit; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis. |
| chromatin organization | Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic chromatin. |
| regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation. |
| interneuron migration | |
| Wnt signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state. |
| negative regulation of protein-containing complex assembly | |
| positive regulation of type I interferon production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type I interferon production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families. |
| stress granule assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a stress granule. |
| positive regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway | |
| positive regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress | |
| cytosolic ribosome assembly | |
| positive regulation of translation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA. |
| positive regulation of translational initiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation. |
| cellular response to arsenic-containing substance | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenic stimulus from compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides. |
| cellular response to osmotic stress | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell. |
| positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5. |
| intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of an intracellular signal (e.g. DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress etc.), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. The intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway is crucially regulated by permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOMP). |
| negative regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction | |
| negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors. |
| positive regulation of protein K63-linked ubiquitination | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein K63-linked ubiquitination. |
| protein localization to cytoplasmic stress granule | |
| negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| RNA catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. |
| establishment of T cell polarity | The directed orientation of T cell signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient or a contact point with antigen presenting cell. |
| immunological synapse formation | The formation of an area of close contact between a lymphocyte (T-, B-, or natural killer cell) and a target cell through the clustering of particular signaling and adhesion molecules and their associated membrane rafts on both the lymphocyte and target cell, which facilitates activation of the lymphocyte, transfer of membrane from the target cell to the lymphocyte, and in some situations killing of the target cell through release of secretory granules and/or death-pathway ligand-receptor interaction. |
| positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to an extracellular matrix. |
| dendritic cell chemotaxis | The movement of a dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus. |
| positive regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation. |
| positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. |
| positive regulation of T cell chemotaxis | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of T cell chemotaxis. T cell chemotaxis is the directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus. |
| ruffle organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a ruffle, a projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell. |
| positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin. |
| response to prostaglandin E | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus. |
| mesangial cell-matrix adhesion | The binding of a mesangial cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules. A mesangial cell is a cell that encapsulates the capillaries and venules in the kidney. |
| chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL21 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| positive regulation of chemotaxis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient. |
| release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol | The process in which calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria are released into the cytosolic compartment. |
| cell chemotaxis | The directed movement of a motile cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). |
| antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide | |
| dendritic cell dendrite assembly | Formation of dendrites, branched cellular projections (or cytoplasmic extension) that are extended from the surface of a dendritic immune cell, and which enable the cell to sample luminal pathogens and increase the surface area for antigen presentation to T cells. |
| negative regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte tethering or rolling. |
| cellular response to chemokine | |
| positive regulation of cell motility | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. |
| positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis. |
| negative regulation of dendritic cell dendrite assembly | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell dendrite assembly. |
| negative regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell apoptotic process. |
| negative regulation of cell adhesion | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion. |
| negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell. |
| regulation of microvillus assembly | A process that modulates the formation of a microvillus. |
| positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin. |
| podocyte development | |
| epithelial tube formation | The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an epithelial tube. |
| cell surface pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a cell surface pattern recognition receptor (PRR) binding to one of its physiological ligands. PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species, or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), endogenous molecules released from damaged cells. |
| protein localization to cell surface | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane. |
| recognition of apoptotic cell | The process in which a cell interprets signals (in the form of specific proteins and lipids) on the surface of a dying cell which it will engulf and remove by phagocytosis. |
| host-mediated suppression of symbiont invasion | |
| positive regulation of opsonization | |
| integrin-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of extracellular ligand to an integrin on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| positive regulation of osteoblast proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation. |
| regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. |
| protein targeting to peroxisome | The process of directing proteins towards the peroxisome, usually using signals contained within the protein. |
| peroxisome organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a peroxisome. A peroxisome is a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules. |
| protein import into peroxisome matrix | The import of proteins into the peroxisomal matrix. A peroxisome targeting signal (PTS) binds to a soluble receptor protein in the cytosol, and the resulting complex then binds to a receptor protein in the peroxisome membrane and is imported. The cargo protein is then released into the peroxisome matrix. |
| protein import into peroxisome matrix, receptor recycling | |
| cellular response to reactive oxygen species | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals. |
| protein import into peroxisome matrix, substrate release | The process by which the cargo protein is released into the peroxisomal matrix, following translocation across the membrane. |
| phosphate-containing compound metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid. |
| gene expression | The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| dopamine secretion | |
| calcium ion transport | The directed movement of calcium (Ca) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| negative regulation of catalytic activity | Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme. |
| negative regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly | |
| regulation of calcium ion transport | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ion transport | The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within the sarcoplasmic reticulum. |
| negative regulation of calcium ion import | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle. |
| positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis | |
| negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity. |
| regulation of relaxation of muscle | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of muscle. |
| negative regulation of calcium ion binding | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion binding. |
| positive regulation of protein depolymerization | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization. |
| regulation of ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity | |
| negative regulation of ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity | |
| axon guidance | The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. |
| chondrocyte differentiation | The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. |
| glial cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell. |
| principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pontine nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| anterior commissure morphogenesis | Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in one half of the cerebral cortex towards target cells in the contralateral half. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the anterior commissure, a small midline fiber tract that lies at the anterior end of the corpus callosum. |
| negative regulation of DNA binding | Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). |
| club cell differentiation | |
| type I pneumocyte differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Type I pneumocyte. A type I pneumocyte is a flattened cell with greatly attenuated cytoplasm and a paucity of organelles. |
| type II pneumocyte differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Type II pneumocyte. A Type II pneumocyte is a surfactant secreting cell that contains abundant cytoplasm containing numerous lipid-rich multilamellar bodies. |
| lung ciliated cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung ciliated cell. A lung ciliated cell is a specialized lung epithelial cell that contains a motile cilium for moving substances released from lung secretory cells. |
| commissural neuron axon guidance | The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a commissural neuron is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. |
| negative regulation of miRNA transcription | |
| negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development. |
| negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis. |
| negative regulation of fat cell proliferation | Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process | |
| protein dephosphorylation | The process of removing one or more phosphoric residues from a protein. |
| COPII vesicle coating | The addition of COPII proteins and adaptor proteins to ER membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat. |
| neuron differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron. |
| canonical Wnt signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes. |
| nucleoside metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (a ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleoside), e.g. adenosine, guanosine, inosine, cytidine, uridine and deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine and thymidine (= deoxythymidine). |
| prostaglandin metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring due to the formation of a bond between two carbons of a fatty acid. They have a wide range of biological activities. |
| protein deglycosylation | The removal of sugar residues from a glycosylated protein. |
| embryonic axis specification | The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or a point in an embryo. |
| cell proliferation in forebrain | The creation of greater cell numbers in the forebrain due to cell division of progenitor cells. |
| embryonic forelimb morphogenesis | The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an animal, e.g. the arms of a human. |
| embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis | The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimbs are generated and organized. The hindlimbs are the posterior limbs of an animal. |
| wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells | The migration of an epidermal cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous epidermis. |
| synaptic vesicle recycling | The trafficking of synaptic vesicles from the pre-synaptic membrane so the vesicle can dock and prime for another round of exocytosis and neurotransmitter release. Recycling occurs after synaptic vesicle exocytosis, and is necessary to replenish presynaptic vesicle pools, sustain transmitter release and preserve the structural integrity of the presynaptic membrane. |
| embryonic digit morphogenesis | The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the digit are generated and organized. A digit is one of the terminal divisions of an appendage, such as a finger or toe. |
| stem cell development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stem cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to its specific fate. |
| negative regulation of neurogenesis | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons. |
| positive regulation of protein metabolic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. |
| positive regulation of synapse assembly | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. |
| Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity. |
| secondary palate development | |
| lens fiber cell development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lens fiber cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a lens fiber cell fate. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye. |
| presynapse assembly | |
| postsynapse assembly | |
| excitatory synapse assembly | |
| positive regulation of protein localization to presynapse | |
| regulation of presynapse assembly | |
| positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential | |
| exit from mitosis | The cell cycle process where a cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place. |
| free ubiquitin chain polymerization | The process of creating free ubiquitin chains, compounds composed of a large number of ubiquitin monomers. These chains are not conjugated to a protein. |
| anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process | |
| positive regulation of exit from mitosis | Any process that activates or increases the rate of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity). |
| positive regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the mitotic metaphase to anaphase transition. |
| protein K48-linked ubiquitination | A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K48-linked ubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation. |
| protein K11-linked ubiquitination | A protein ubiquitination process in which ubiquitin monomers are attached to a protein, and then ubiquitin polymers are formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 11 of the ubiquitin monomers. K11-linked polyubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation. The anaphase-promoting complex promotes the degradation of mitotic regulators by assembling K11-linked polyubiquitin chains. |
| positive regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity | |
| acetyl-CoA metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis. |
| protein homotetramerization | The formation of a protein homotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical subunits. |
| fatty acid homeostasis | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of fatty acid within an organism or cell. |
| pyridoxal 5'-phosphate salvage | Any process that generates pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. |
| unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an unsaturated fatty acid, any fatty acid containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms. |
| renal absorption | A renal system process in which water, ions, glucose and proteins are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures (e.g. protein absorption is observed in nephrocytes in Drosophila, see PMID:23264686). |
| positive regulation of wound healing | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. |
| paracellular transport | |
| phospholipid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester. |
| sphingosine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues. |
| ceramide metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramides, any N-acylated sphingoid. |
| phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | |
| regulation of lipid metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. |
| sphingolipid catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid). |
| nuclear receptor-mediated steroid hormone signaling pathway | |
| androgen receptor signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an androgen binding to its receptor. |
| phospholipid dephosphorylation | The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphorylated lipid, any member of a group of substances soluble in lipid solvents but only sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. |
| cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin | The attachment of one cell to another cell via an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits. |
| positive regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion. |
| positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. |
| positive regulation of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin | |
| nucleosome disassembly | The controlled breakdown of nucleosomes, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA. |
| regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the onset of anaphase (chromosome movement) in the mitotic cell cycle. |
| positive regulation of T cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of myoblast differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. |
| regulation of G0 to G1 transition | A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase. |
| positive regulation of stem cell population maintenance | |
| regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle | Any cell cycle regulatory process that controls the commitment of a cell from G1 to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. |
| regulation of nucleotide-excision repair | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleotide-excision repair. |
| entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod | The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to photoperiod, the intermittent cycle of light (day) and dark (night). |
| regulation of signal transduction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. |
| negative regulation of signal transduction | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. |
| response to estradiol | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen. |
| cellular response to hormone stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus. |
| growth hormone receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand. |
| negative regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand. |
| regulation of neuron migration | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration. |
| peripheral nervous system development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the peripheral nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The peripheral nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. |
| negative regulation of protein ubiquitination | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein. |
| apoptotic cell clearance | The recognition and removal of an apoptotic cell by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte. |
| engulfment of apoptotic cell | The removal of the apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte. |
| positive regulation of myoblast fusion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast fusion. |
| DNA-templated DNA replication | |
| water transport | The directed movement of water (H2O) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| glycerol transmembrane transport | |
| mitochondrial electron transport, succinate to ubiquinone | The transfer of electrons from succinate to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex II. |
| homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules | The attachment of a plasma membrane adhesion molecule in one cell to an identical molecule in an adjacent cell. |
| peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation | The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-tyrosine to form peptidyl-tyrosine. |
| cellular response to interleukin-6 | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-6 stimulus. |
| negative regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT | |
| peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation involved in inactivation of protein kinase activity | Any peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation that is involved in inactivation of protein kinase activity. |
| erythrocyte enucleation | |
| erythrocyte maturation | A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. |
| nuclear membrane organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear inner or outer membrane. |
| short-term memory | The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation. |
| positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis. |
| positive regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission. |
| negative regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT | |
| T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment | The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 17 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17. |
| proteasomal protein catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome. |
| cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT | |
| positive regulation of glycolytic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis. |
| fatty acid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes. |
| iron-sulfur cluster assembly | The incorporation of iron and exogenous sulfur into a metallo-sulfur cluster. |
| [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly | |
| vesicle transport along microtubule | The directed movement of a vesicle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination. |
| positive regulation of cytokinesis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells. |
| generation of neurons | The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons. |
| neuron apoptotic process | Any apoptotic process in a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. |
| intra-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport | The directed movement of substances within the Golgi, mediated by small transport vesicles. These either fuse with the cis-Golgi or with each other to form the membrane stacks known as the cis-Golgi reticulum (network). |
| regulation of actin polymerization or depolymerization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly or disassembly of actin filaments by the addition or removal of actin monomers from a filament. |
| synaptic vesicle coating | |
| endosome to melanosome transport | The directed movement of substances from endosomes to the melanosome, a specialised lysosome-related organelle. |
| zinc ion import into lysosome | |
| adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | |
| positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria. |
| chemokine-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a chemokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | |
| regulation of sensory perception of pain | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. |
| epidermis development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of a plant or animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species. |
| inorganic diphosphate transport | The directed movement of inorganic diphosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| basophil activation involved in immune response | A change in morphology and behavior of a basophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the basophil has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. |
| pyrimidine nucleotide metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. |
| nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. |
| negative regulation of mast cell activation involved in immune response | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation as part of an immune response. |
| ATP metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving ATP, adenosine triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. |
| negative regulation of mast cell proliferation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mast cell proliferation. |
| neurotransmitter secretion | The regulated release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glycine, gamma-aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins and serotonin. |
| neuromuscular junction development | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction. |
| neural tube development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium. |
| positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome. |
| protein localization to nucleus | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the nucleus. |
| non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via effectors other than beta-catenin. |
| dendrite morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell. |
| positive regulation of neuron projection arborization | |
| neural tube closure | The last step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline. |
| positive regulation of JUN kinase activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity. |
| positive regulation by host of viral transcription | Any process is which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription, the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA. |
| detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling | The process in which information about a lack of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies. |
| cellular response to acidic pH | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. |
| regulation of protein localization to cell surface | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface. |
| protein deneddylation | The removal of a ubiquitin-like protein of the NEDD8 type from a protein. |
| nuclear envelope organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear envelope. |
| neuron projection development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). |
| wound healing, spreading of cells | The migration of a cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous surface. |
| synaptic vesicle membrane organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the membrane surrounding a synaptic vesicle. |
| regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine into a cell. |
| positive regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle endocytosis. |
| response to unfolded protein | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus. |
| membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis | The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain (extracellular domain). |
| in utero embryonic development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. |
| protein processing | Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. Protein maturation is the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. |
| response to tumor necrosis factor | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus. |
| monocyte activation | The change in morphology and behavior of a monocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. |
| amyloid precursor protein catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease. |
| pore complex assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pore complex. A pore complex is a small opening in a membrane that allows the passage of liquids and/or gases. |
| constitutive protein ectodomain proteolysis | The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain that occurs constantly, regardless of environmental conditions or demands. |
| cobalamin metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom. |
| cobalamin transport | The directed movement of cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| proteasomal ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome but do not involve ubiquitin. |
| prostaglandin biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring. |
| sensory perception of pain | The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. This is a neurological process. |
| regulation of fever generation | Any process that modulates the rate or extent of fever generation. |
| regulation of inflammatory response | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. |
| heterochromatin formation | |
| positive regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway. |
| response to estrogen | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. |
| beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly | |
| blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis | The multiplication or reproduction of blood vessel endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population contributing to sprouting angiogenesis. |
| negative regulation of protein kinase activity | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity. |
| negative regulation of cell adhesion involved in substrate-bound cell migration | The disassembly of adhesions at the front and rear of a migrating cell. At the leading edge, adhesion disassembly accompanies the formation of new protrusions; at the cell rear, it promotes tail retraction. |
| negative regulation of fibroblast migration | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. |
| negative regulation of protein binding | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. |
| activation of protein kinase B activity | Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase B. |
| regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin. |
| cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus. |
| regulation of GTPase activity | Any process that modulates the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase. |
| cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an fibroblast growth factor stimulus. |
| myoblast migration | The orderly movement of a myoblast from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. A myoblast is a cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. |
| positive regulation of stress fiber assembly | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts. |
| negative regulation of focal adhesion assembly | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion assembly, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions. |
| protein localization to plasma membrane | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane. |
| negative regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis. |
| negative regulation of protein targeting to membrane | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein. |
| blood vessel diameter maintenance | |
| negative regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading. |
| regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of integrin-mediated signaling pathway. |
| tRNA methylation | The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in a tRNA molecule. |
| tRNA modification | The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within a tRNA molecule to produce a tRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically. |
| tRNA stabilization | |
| response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling | A process that acts directly to delay or stop progression through the cell cycle in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling; contributes to a mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint. |
| negative regulation of MDA-5 signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) MDA-5 (also known as IFIH1) binding to viral RNA. |
| positive regulation of innate immune response | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection. |
| cellular response to dsRNA | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus. |
| cellular response to dsDNA | |
| response to lithium ion | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus. |
| positive regulation of telomere maintenance | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA. |
| JNK cascade | An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a JNK (a MAPK), a JNKK (a MAPKK) and a JUN3K (a MAP3K). The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. |
| Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the Fc portion of immunoglobulin E (IgE) to an Fc-epsilon receptor on the surface of a signal-receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region. |
| stress-activated MAPK cascade | A series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated MAP kinase cascade relays one or more of the signals; MAP kinase cascades involve at least three protein kinase activities and culminate in the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase. |
| acyl-CoA metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group. |
| bile acid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile. |
| fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA oxidase | A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway in which the initial step, which converts an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, is catalyzed by acyl-CoA oxidase; the electrons removed by oxidation pass directly to oxygen and produce hydrogen peroxide, which is cleaved by peroxisomal catalases. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively). |
| alpha-linolenic acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-linolenic acid, an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that has the molecular formula C18H32O2. |
| dicarboxylic acid catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups. |
| negative regulation of CD4 production | |
| negative regulation of chaperone-mediated protein folding | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated protein folding. |
| peptidyl-arginine N-methylation | The addition of a methyl group onto a nitrogen atom of an arginine residue in a protein. |
| spliceosomal snRNP assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of one or more snRNA and multiple protein components to form a ribonucleoprotein complex that is involved in formation of the spliceosome. |
| DNA-templated transcription termination | |
| regulation of mitotic nuclear division | |
| peptidyl-arginine methylation | The addition of a methyl group to an arginine residue in a protein. |
| positive regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism. |
| Golgi ribbon formation | The formation of a continuous ribbon of interconnected Golgi stacks of flat cisternae. |
| positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway | |
| morphogenesis of an epithelium | The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube. |
| cerebrospinal fluid circulation | |
| nuclear migration | The directed movement of the nucleus. |
| regulation of cell size | Any process that modulates the size of a cell. |
| negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway. |
| gland morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of a gland are generated and organized. |
| microvillus assembly | Formation of a microvillus, a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a cell. |
| bile acid secretion | The regulated release of bile acid, composed of any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, by a cell or a tissue. |
| glutathione transport | The directed movement of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| cilium organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. |
| maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity | The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell. |
| regulation of protein kinase activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity. |
| negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. |
| negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction | |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid import | The directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a cell or organelle. |
| renal phosphate ion absorption | A renal system process in which phosphate ions are taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures. |
| transport across blood-brain barrier | |
| positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| telomere maintenance via recombination | Any recombinational process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length. |
| telomere maintenance | Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA. These processes includes those that shorten and lengthen the telomeric DNA sequences. |
| RNA-templated transcription | |
| RNA-templated DNA biosynthetic process | |
| telomere maintenance via telomerase | The maintenance of proper telomeric length by the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase. |
| DNA strand elongation | The DNA metabolic process in which a DNA strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of an existing DNA stand. |
| positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signal transduction. |
| siRNA processing | |
| positive regulation of hair cycle | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair. |
| positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity | Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase. |
| establishment of protein localization to telomere | |
| cellular response to hypoxia | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. |
| DNA biosynthetic process | The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the formation of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long unbranched macromolecule formed from one or two strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides, the 3'-phosphate group of each constituent deoxyribonucleotide being joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose moiety of the next one. |
| siRNA transcription | |
| positive regulation of miRNA transcription | |
| positive regulation of protein localization to nucleolus | |
| positive regulation of stem cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation. |
| negative regulation of cellular senescence | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence. |
| negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand. |
| androgen biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics. |
| androgen catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics. |
| brexanolone catabolic process | |
| DNA damage checkpoint signaling | |
| DNA replication | The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of DNA. DNA replication begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by initiation proteins, and ends when the original DNA molecule has been completely duplicated and the copies topologically separated. The unit of replication usually corresponds to the genome of the cell, an organelle, or a virus. The template for replication can either be an existing DNA molecule or RNA. |
| regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. |
| peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation | The phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine. |
| signal transduction in response to DNA damage | A cascade of processes induced by the detection of DNA damage within a cell. |
| mitotic G2/M transition checkpoint | A cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression from G2 to M phase as part of a mitotic cell cycle. |
| positive regulation of cell cycle | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. |
| negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic | Any epigenetic process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of gene expression. |
| negative regulation of mitotic nuclear division | |
| regulation of mitotic centrosome separation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis. |
| negative regulation of G0 to G1 transition | A cell cycle process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase. |
| defense response to tumor cell | Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell that act to protect the cell or organism. |
| synaptic transmission, GABAergic | The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). |
| positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. |
| positive regulation of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation | |
| GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-fucose, a substance composed of L-fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate. |
| lysosome organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lysosome. A lysosome is a cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded organelle that is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases. |
| peptide catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. |
| bone resorption | The process in which specialized cells known as osteoclasts degrade the organic and inorganic portions of bone, and endocytose and transport the degradation products. |
| neuromuscular process controlling balance | Any process that an organism uses to control its balance, the orientation of the organism (or the head of the organism) in relation to the source of gravity. In humans and animals, balance is perceived through visual cues, the labyrinth system of the inner ears and information from skin pressure receptors and muscle and joint receptors. |
| protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region | Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the telomeric region of a chromosome. |
| G protein-coupled dopamine receptor signaling pathway | |
| negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated calcium channel activity. |
| negative regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II | |
| metaphase chromosome alignment | |
| mitotic sister chromatid segregation | The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets. |
| mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling | |
| attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore | The cell cycle process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex during mitosis. During mitosis, the kinetochores of sister chromosomes are situated facing opposite spindle poles and bipolar attachment of the sister chromosomes to the spindle occurs. |
| positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle. |
| branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis | |
| neuron migration | The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature. |
| cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis | The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels involved in sprouting angiogenesis. |
| outflow tract septum morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract. |
| motor neuron axon guidance | The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a motor neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. |
| positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration. |
| facial nerve structural organization | The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the facial nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities. |
| trigeminal nerve structural organization | The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae. |
| branchiomotor neuron axon guidance | The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx. |
| retinal ganglion cell axon guidance | The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. |
| regulation of Cdc42 protein signal transduction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Cdc42 protein signal transduction. |
| cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hepatocyte growth factor stimulus. |
| endothelial cell chemotaxis | The directed movement of an endothelial cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). |
| neuropilin signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to an neuropilin protein on the surface of a target cell, followed by transmission of the signal, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to a neuropilin protein on the surface of a target cell, followed by transmission of the signal, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) located on the surface of the receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. |
| positive regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance. |
| artery morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of arterial blood vessels are generated and organized. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and its organs. |
| axon extension involved in axon guidance | The long distance growth of a single cell process, that is involved in the migration of an axon growth cone, where the migration is directed to a specific target site by a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. |
| positive chemotaxis | The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical. |
| positive regulation of focal adhesion assembly | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion assembly, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions. |
| regulation of vesicle-mediated transport | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances, either within a vesicle or in the vesicle membrane, into, out of or within a cell. |
| angiogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis | Blood vessel formation in the heart when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels. |
| sympathetic ganglion development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sympathetic ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a semaphorin receptor (composed of a plexin and a neurophilin) binding to a semaphorin ligand. |
| motor neuron migration | The orderly movement of a motor neuron from one site to another. A motor neuron is an efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement. |
| sympathetic neuron projection extension | Long distance growth of a single sympathetic neuron projection involved in cellular development. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. |
| sympathetic neuron projection guidance | The process in which the migration of a sympathetic neuron projection is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. |
| basal dendrite development | |
| basal dendrite arborization | |
| positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading. |
| neural crest cell migration involved in autonomic nervous system development | Any neural crest cell migration that is involved in autonomic nervous system development. |
| protein localization to early endosome | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an early endosome. |
| monocyte chemotaxis | The movement of a monocyte in response to an external stimulus. |
| cytokine-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a cytokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| calcium-mediated signaling | Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via calcium ions. |
| tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a tumor necrosis factor to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation. |
| positive regulation of bone resorption | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption. |
| positive regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone from a cell. |
| positive regulation of fever generation by positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion | Any process that increases the rate or extent of fever generation via positive regulation of the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell. |
| cytolysis by host of symbiont cells | |
| glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. |
| positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell. |
| positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage chemotaxis. Macrophage chemotaxis is the movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus. |
| myoblast migration involved in skeletal muscle regeneration | The process in which a myoblast migrates along an entire fiber to the site of injury. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. |
| negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle growth. |
| negative regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation. |
| negative regulation of satellite cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell differentiation. |
| negative regulation of myoblast proliferation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation. |
| positive regulation of synaptic vesicle priming | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle priming. Synaptic vesicle priming is the formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion. |
| cellular response to glucose stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus. |
| positive regulation of inhibitory postsynaptic potential | |
| neuronal dense core vesicle exocytosis | |
| positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity. |
| tRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III | |
| regulation of exocytosis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis. |
| noradrenergic neuron differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron, a neuron that secretes noradrenaline. |
| dopaminergic neuron differentiation | The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a dopaminergic neuron, a neuron that secretes dopamine. |
| cellular response to hydrogen peroxide | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus. |
| negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| 2-oxoglutarate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxoglutarate, the dianion of 2-oxoglutaric acid. It is a key constituent of the TCA cycle and a key intermediate in amino-acid metabolism. |
| isoprenoid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid compounds, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues. |
| methyl-branched fatty acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl-branched fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids with methyl branches on the main chain. |
| negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production. |
| response to fatty acid | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus. |
| mucosal immune response | An immune response taking place in mucosal tissues, including those of the intestinal tract, nasal and upper respiratory tract, and genital tract. |
| positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response. |
| positive regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus. |
| regulation of norepinephrine secretion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine. |
| negative regulation of blood pressure | Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased. |
| regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling. |
| regulation of hormone biosynthetic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones. |
| cellular response to fatty acid | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus. |
| regulation of peptide hormone secretion | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules. |
| pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) binding to one of its physiological ligands. PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species, or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), endogenous molecules released from damaged cells. |
| positive regulation of defense response to virus by host | Any host process that results in the promotion of antiviral immune response mechanisms, thereby limiting viral replication. |
| T cell homeostasis | The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of T cells such that the total number of T cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. |
| regulation of behavior | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. |
| pyroptotic inflammatory response | |
| AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly | |
| pyroptosome complex assembly | |
| zinc ion transmembrane transport | A process in which a zinc ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| regulation of metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. |
| amino acid catabolic process | |
| branched-chain amino acid catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine. |
| antiviral innate immune response | |
| prostanoid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostanoids, any compound based on or derived from the prostanoate structure. |
| leukotriene biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid. |
| negative regulation of RNA binding | |
| mammary gland epithelial cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland. |
| embryonic skeletal joint development | The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal joints over time, from formation to mature structure. |
| response to retinoic acid | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus. |
| negative regulation of stem cell population maintenance | |
| midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation | |
| negative regulation of protein localization to cell surface | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface. |
| endothelial cell migration | The orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium. |
| positive regulation of melanin biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin. |
| stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway | |
| antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-dependent | The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class I molecule. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules. |
| canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction | |
| regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor. |
| peptidyl-serine phosphorylation | The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine. |
| regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor signaling pathway. |
| toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 3. |
| regulation of phosphorylation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into a molecule. |
| interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-1 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response. |
| regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of endothelial barrier. |
| negative regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly | |
| type 2 mitophagy | |
| nucleosome assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a nucleosome, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA. |
| internal protein amino acid acetylation | The addition of an acetyl group to a non-terminal amino acid in a protein. |
| chromosome organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. This term covers covalent modifications at the molecular level as well as spatial relationships among the major components of a chromosome. |
| immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of a cell capable of activating or perpetuating an immune response. |
| positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity. |
| NK T cell activation | The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature natural killer T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. |
| ISG15-protein conjugation | The covalent addition to a protein of ISG15, a ubiquitin-like protein. |
| negative regulation of cell-matrix adhesion | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. |
| negative regulation of keratinocyte proliferation | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. |
| negative regulation of wound healing | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. |
| negative regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus. |
| phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid, any derivative of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids. |
| female meiotic nuclear division | |
| mRNA transcription | The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template. |
| keratinocyte differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a keratinocyte. |
| ERBB2-EGFR signaling pathway | |
| ERBB2-ERBB4 signaling pathway | |
| ERBB4-ERBB4 signaling pathway | |
| wound healing | The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. |
| luteinizing hormone signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals mediated by luteinizing hormone. |
| keratinocyte proliferation | The multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Keratinocytes are epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo a characteristic change as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin. |
| positive regulation of DNA replication | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication. |
| positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division | |
| positive regulation of protein kinase activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity. |
| positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. |
| primary follicle stage | The stage in oogenesis when a single layer of cuboidal follicle cells surrounds the oocyte. The oocyte nucleus is large. |
| positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation. |
| negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. |
| negative regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation. |
| mitochondrial electron transport, ubiquinol to cytochrome c | The transfer of electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex III. |
| detection of calcium ion | The series of events in which a calcium ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. |
| striated muscle contraction | A process in which force is generated within striated muscle tissue, resulting in the shortening of the muscle. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Striated muscle is a type of muscle in which the repeating units (sarcomeres) of the contractile myofibrils are arranged in registry throughout the cell, resulting in transverse or oblique striations observable at the level of the light microscope. |
| regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels. |
| regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction. |
| negative regulation of potassium ion transport | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| protein polymerization | The process of creating protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers; polymeric proteins may be made up of different or identical monomers. Polymerization occurs by the addition of extra monomers to an existing poly- or oligomeric protein. |
| cardiac muscle contraction | Muscle contraction of cardiac muscle tissue. |
| negative regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity | Any process that decreases the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. |
| cellular response to caffeine | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caffeine stimulus. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in numerous plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon them. |
| Purkinje myocyte to ventricular cardiac muscle cell signaling | Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a Purkinje myocyte to a ventricular cardiac muscle cell. |
| negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity. |
| membrane invagination | The infolding of a membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle. |
| negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity. |
| regulation of MAP kinase activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity. |
| liver regeneration | The regrowth of lost or destroyed liver. |
| G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle | The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G2 commits to M phase. The process begins when the kinase activity of M cyclin/CDK complex reaches a threshold high enough for the cell cycle to proceed. This is accomplished by activating a positive feedback loop that results in the accumulation of unphosphorylated and active M cyclin/CDK complex. |
| regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle | Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. |
| regulation of centrosome cycle | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the centrosome cycle, the processes of centrosome duplication and separation. |
| cilium disassembly | |
| positive regulation of receptor recycling | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor recycling. |
| Golgi organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the Golgi apparatus. |
| synapse assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. |
| negative regulation of neuron projection development | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). |
| modulation by host of viral process | A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected. |
| positive regulation of intracellular protein transport | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. |
| protein localization to ciliary membrane | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary membrane. |
| long-chain fatty acid import into cell | |
| long-chain fatty acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving long-chain fatty acids, A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22. |
| fatty acid beta-oxidation | A fatty acid oxidation process that results in the complete oxidation of a long-chain fatty acid. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and occurs by successive cycles of reactions during each of which the fatty acid is shortened by a two-carbon fragment removed as acetyl coenzyme A; the cycle continues until only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively). |
| fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty-acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty-acyl group. |
| receptor-mediated endocytosis | An endocytosis process in which cell surface receptors ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles. |
| synaptic vesicle uncoating | The removal of the protein coat on a synaptic vesicle. |
| protein localization to Golgi apparatus | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the Golgi apparatus. |
| chaperone cofactor-dependent protein refolding | The process of assisting in the restoration of the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, which is dependent on additional protein cofactors. This process occurs over one or several cycles of nucleotide hydrolysis-dependent binding and release. |
| clathrin coat disassembly | The disaggregation of a clathrin coat into its constituent components; results in stripping or removing the clathrin coat from clathrin-coated vesicles (CCV) before fusing with their targets. CVVs transport cargo from plasma membrane and trans-Golgi to the endosomal system. |
| regulation of clathrin coat assembly | |
| positive regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of polyamine transmembrane transport. |
| regulation of gene expression | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| protein export from nucleus | The directed movement of a protein from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. |
| ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus | The directed movement of a ribosomal large subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. |
| ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus | The directed movement of a ribosomal small subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. |
| nucleocytoplasmic transport | The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. |
| regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome. |
| ribosome biogenesis | A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis. |
| negative regulation of chromatin binding | Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase. |
| regulation of striated muscle contraction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction. |
| apoptotic mitochondrial changes | The morphological and physiological alterations undergone by mitochondria during apoptosis. |
| positive regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction. |
| positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration | Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration | Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| negative regulation of striated muscle contraction | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction. |
| positive regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration | Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in mitochondria. |
| maintenance of mitochondrion location | Any process in which a mitochondrion is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere. |
| calcium ion import | The directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle. |
| positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction | |
| positive regulation of ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity | |
| positive regulation of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum | |
| regulation of cardiac conduction | |
| calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum | The directed movement of calcium ions into a sarcoplasmic reticulum. |
| regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction | |
| regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). |
| myelination in peripheral nervous system | The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. |
| regulation of myoblast proliferation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation. |
| regulation of COPII vesicle coating | |
| Golgi to plasma membrane transport | The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane, where they fuse and release their contents by exocytosis. |
| substantia nigra development | The progression of the substantia nigra over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The substantia nigra is the layer of gray substance that separates the posterior parts of the cerebral peduncles (tegmentum mesencephali) from the anterior parts; it normally includes a posterior compact part with many pigmented cells (pars compacta) and an anterior reticular part whose cells contain little pigment (pars reticularis). |
| protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum | The directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum exit site | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at an endoplasmic reticulum exit site. |
| regulation of protein phosphorylation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into an amino acid in a protein. |
| protein K33-linked ubiquitination | A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 33 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. |
| gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuronal migration to the hypothalamus | The directional movement of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone producing neuron from the nasal placode to the hypothalamus. |
| regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation. |
| regulation of chromatin organization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin organization. |
| endothelial cell differentiation | The process in which a mesodermal, bone marrow or neural crest cell acquires specialized features of an endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell. A layer of such cells lines the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium. |
| mesodermal cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mesoderm cell. |
| cardiac muscle cell differentiation | The process in which a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. |
| glycogen biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. |
| gluconeogenesis | The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol. |
| fatty acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis. |
| regulation of vasoconstriction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels. |
| lactate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactate, the anion of lactic acid. |
| negative regulation of circadian rhythm | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior. |
| white fat cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in energy storage. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole. |
| regulation of glutamate uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of L-glutamate into a neuron or glial cell. |
| synaptic vesicle endocytosis | An endocytosis process that results in the invagination of the axonal plasma membrane to create a membrane-bounded vesicle. This process takes up excess membrane that would otherwise accumulate at the presynaptic terminal due to fusion of vesicle membranes during neurotransmitter release. The vesicles created may subsequently be used for neurotransmitter storage and release. |
| Rac protein signal transduction | A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rac family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state. |
| mitotic centrosome separation | Separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis. The centriole pair within each centrosome becomes part of a separate microtubule organizing center that nucleates a radial array of microtubules called an aster. The two asters move to opposite sides of the nucleus to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle. |
| opsin transport | The directed movement of an opsin (a G-protein coupled receptor of photoreceptor cells) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| plus-end-directed vesicle transport along microtubule | The directed movement of a vesicle towards the plus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination. |
| anterograde dendritic transport of neurotransmitter receptor complex | |
| GMP biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GMP, guanosine monophosphate. |
| 'de novo' IMP biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate, by the stepwise assembly of a purine ring on ribose 5-phosphate. |
| purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. |
| 'de novo' AMP biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP). |
| 'de novo' XMP biosynthetic process | |
| positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction. |
| collagen fibril organization | Any process that determines the size and arrangement of collagen fibrils within an extracellular matrix. |
| collagen catabolic process | The proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix, usually carried out by proteases secreted by nearby cells. |
| collagen biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%). |
| supramolecular fiber organization | |
| positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway. |
| protein transport | The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| otic vesicle formation | The process resulting in the transition of the otic placode into the otic vesicle, a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear. |
| pronephros development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life. |
| synaptic vesicle docking | The initial attachment of a synaptic vesicle membrane to the presynaptic membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the synaptic vesicle and the target membrane. |
| mitochondrial tRNA 5'-end processing | |
| negative regulation of T cell cytokine production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production. |
| negative regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. |
| negative regulation of transcription by competitive promoter binding | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves direct competition for interaction with a promoter binding site. |
| negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the BMP signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway. |
| protein-containing complex disassembly | |
| adherens junction assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments. |
| response to laminar fluid shear stress | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a laminar fluid shear stress stimulus. Laminar fluid flow is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface in parallel layers. As an example, laminar shear stress can be seen where blood flows against the luminal side of blood vessel walls. |
| ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized. |
| regulation of cardiac muscle contraction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction. |
| regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarization | Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in a ventricular cardiomyocyte. |
| negative regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction | |
| SMAD protein signal transduction | The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the activity of a SMAD protein, and ultimately effecting a change in the functioning of the cell. |
| ventricular septum morphogenesis | The developmental process in which a ventricular septum is generated and organized. A ventricular septum is an anatomical structure that separates the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart from one another. |
| beta-catenin destruction complex disassembly | |
| positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin. |
| negative regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 type immune response. |
| negative regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell differentiation. |
| non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction | |
| histone mRNA catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histone messenger RNA (mRNA). |
| protein glycosylation | A protein modification process that results in the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins. |
| lysosomal transport | The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a lysosome. |
| cholesterol transport | The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| membrane raft organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of membrane rafts, small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. |
| intracellular lipid transport | The directed movement of lipids within cells. |
| intracellular cholesterol transport | The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, within cells. |
| cholesterol efflux | The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle. |
| cholesterol homeostasis | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cholesterol within an organism or cell. |
| establishment of protein localization to membrane | The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a membrane. |
| forelimb morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an animal, e.g. the arms of a human. |
| anterior/posterior axis specification, embryo | The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by the products of genes expressed maternally and genes expressed in the zygote. |
| male genitalia development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| female genitalia development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female genitalia over time, from formation to the mature structure. |
| mammary gland development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. Its development starts with the formation of the mammary line and ends as the mature gland cycles between nursing and weaning stages. |
| luteinizing hormone secretion | The regulated release of luteinizing hormone, a gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary. |
| follicle-stimulating hormone secretion | The regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone, a gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary. |
| mesoderm morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesoderm are generated and organized. |
| cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition | A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. |
| sinoatrial node cell development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sinoatrial (SA) node cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. SA node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the sinoatrial node. |
| cardiac jelly development | |
| negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis. |
| positive regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cytokine mediated signaling pathway. |
| myelin maintenance | The process of preserving the structure and function of mature myelin. This includes maintaining the compact structure of myelin necessary for its electrical insulating characteristics as well as the structure of non-compact regions such as Schmidt-Lantermann clefts and paranodal loops. This does not include processes responsible for maintaining the nodes of Ranvier, which are not part of the myelin sheath. |
| negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels. |
| Tie signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a Tie protein (a receptor) binding to one of its physiological ligands (an angiopoietin). |
| positive regulation of coagulation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation. |
| negative regulation of positive chemotaxis | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical. |
| glomerulus vasculature development | The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerulus vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the glomerulus vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the glomerulus. |
| regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction | |
| skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering | The accumulation of acetylcholine-gated cation channels in a narrow, central region of muscle fibers, in apposition to nerve terminals. |
| positive regulation of protein geranylgeranylation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein geranylgeranylation. |
| atrioventricular valve morphogenesis | The process in which the structure of the atrioventricular valve is generated and organized. |
| endocardial cushion morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardial cushion is generated and organized. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. |
| atrial septum development | The progression of the atrial septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. |
| DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator | A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage. |
| NK T cell differentiation | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a NK T cell. |
| ectoderm development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation. |
| lactation | The secretion of milk by the mammary gland. |
| positive regulation of interleukin-17 production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines. |
| response to insulin | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms. |
| positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation. |
| negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation | |
| positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling. |
| negative regulation of NK T cell proliferation | |
| positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of brown fat cell differentiation. Brown fat cell differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria. |
| positive regulation of SREBP signaling pathway | |
| transcription by RNA polymerase I | |
| phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine. |
| acute-phase response | An acute inflammatory response that involves non-antibody proteins whose concentrations in the plasma increase in response to infection or injury of homeothermic animals. |
| response to lead ion | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus. |
| plasma membrane phospholipid scrambling | |
| regulation of mast cell activation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation. |
| response to interferon-beta | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-beta stimulus. Interferon-beta is a type I interferon. |
| negative regulation of phagocytosis | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis. |
| regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway. The Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway is a series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of activating or perpetuating an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region. |
| positive regulation of chromosome separation | |
| positive regulation of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity. |
| cellular response to estrogen stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. |
| positive regulation of protein catabolic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. |
| beta-catenin destruction complex assembly | |
| positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process | |
| heart morphogenesis | The developmental process in which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. |
| mesoderm development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue. |
| cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac myoblast. A cardiac myoblast is a precursor cell that has been committed to a cardiac muscle cell fate but retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life. |
| intracellular iron ion homeostasis | |
| protein modification by small protein conjugation | A protein modification process in which one or more groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are covalently attached to a target protein. |
| response to type II interferon | |
| myeloid dendritic cell differentiation | The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell, an immunocompetent cell of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin. |
| aggresome assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an aggresome; requires the microtubule cytoskeleton and dynein. |
| regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle phase transition. |
| chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, mediated by chaperone molecules that do not form part of the finished complex. |
| negative regulation of amyloid fibril formation | |
| glutathione metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins; it has a specific role in the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidized ascorbate, and it participates in the gamma-glutamyl cycle. |
| L-tryptophan catabolic process | |
| response to salt stress | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment. |
| NAD metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid. |
| kynurenine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving kynurenine, the amino acid 3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-alanine. |
| substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading | The morphogenetic process that results in flattening of a cell as a consequence of its adhesion to a substrate. |
| skeletal system morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized. |
| regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay. |
| mitochondrial translation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in a mitochondrion. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein; the mitochondrion has its own ribosomes and transfer RNAs, and uses a genetic code that differs from the nuclear code. |
| response to cAMP | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus. |
| positive regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion | |
| organic cation transport | The directed movement of organic cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. |
| serotonin transport | The directed movement of serotonin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems. |
| body fluid secretion | The controlled release of a fluid by a cell or tissue in an animal. |
| prostaglandin transport | The directed movement of prostaglandins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| amine transport | The directed movement of amines, including polyamines, organic compounds containing one or more amino groups, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| putrescine transport | The directed movement of putrescine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Putrescine is 1,4-diaminobutane, the polyamine formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine. |
| spermidine transport | |
| acetylcholine transport | The directed movement of acetylcholine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions. |
| choline transport | The directed movement of choline into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium) is an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. |
| dopamine transport | The directed movement of dopamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. |
| norepinephrine transport | The directed movement of norepinephrine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Norepinephrine (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol) is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine. |
| xenobiotic transport | The directed movement of a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to living organisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| epinephrine transport | The directed movement of epinephrine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| histamine transport | The directed movement of histamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans. |
| serotonin uptake | The directed movement of serotonin into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems. |
| histamine uptake | The directed movement of histamine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans. |
| norepinephrine uptake | |
| thiamine transmembrane transport | The directed movement of thiamine across a membrane into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Thiamine is vitamin B1, a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver. |
| amino acid import across plasma membrane | The directed movement of an amino acid from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. |
| dopamine uptake | The directed movement of dopamine into a cell. |
| L-arginine import across plasma membrane | The directed movement of L-arginine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. |
| L-alpha-amino acid transmembrane transport | The directed movement of L-alpha-amino acid across a membrane. |
| xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrier | |
| quaternary ammonium group transport | The directed movement into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore of quaternary ammonium compounds, any compound that can be regarded as derived from ammonium hydroxide or an ammonium salt by replacement of all four hydrogen atoms of the NH4+ ion by organic groups. |
| monoamine transport | The directed movement of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| thiamine transport | The directed movement of thiamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Thiamine is vitamin B1, a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver. |
| positive regulation of binding | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. |
| cell projection organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. |
| positive regulation of organelle organization | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. |
| regulation of lipid transport | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| COPII-coated vesicle cargo loading | |
| defense response to Gram-positive bacterium | Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-positive bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism. |
| defense response to fungus | Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a fungus that act to protect the cell or organism. |
| antifungal innate immune response | |
| cellular response to UV | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers. |
| cellular response to sorbitol | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sorbitol stimulus. |
| cellular response to anisomycin | |
| cellular response to sodium arsenite | |
| negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization; prevention of depolymerization of a microtubule can result from binding by 'capping' at the plus end (e.g. by interaction with another cellular protein of structure) or by exposing microtubules to a stabilizing drug such as taxol. |
| ceramide biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ceramides, any N-acylated sphingoid. |
| positive regulation of lipophagy | |
| sphingolipid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid). |
| sphingosine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues. |
| regulation of fat cell apoptotic process | |
| cardiac muscle hypertrophy | The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division. |
| adult heart development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress | The physiological enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division, as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis. |
| muscle filament sliding | The sliding of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other in muscle contraction. This involves a process of interaction of myosin located on a thick filament with actin located on a thin filament. During this process ATP is split and forces are generated. |
| skeletal muscle thin filament assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle. |
| skeletal muscle myosin thick filament assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle. |
| response to muscle stretch | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a myofibril being extended beyond its slack length. |
| detection of muscle stretch | The series of events by which a muscle stretch stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. |
| sarcomere organization | The myofibril assembly process that results in the organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. |
| sarcomerogenesis | The process in which sarcomeres are added in series within a fiber. |
| detection of mechanical stimulus | The series of events by which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. |
| cardiac myofibril assembly | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells. |
| cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac muscle tissue are generated and organized. |
| cardiac muscle cell development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. |
| regulation of glycolytic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis. |
| regulation of gluconeogenesis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol. |
| regulation of Rac protein signal transduction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction. |
| positive regulation of proteolysis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. |
| regulation of necroptotic process | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a necroptotic process, a necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors. |
| negative regulation of non-canonical inflammasome complex assembly | |
| positive regulation of TORC1 signaling | |
| positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions. |
| prostate gland development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prostate gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid. |
| regulation of epithelial cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation. |
| negative regulation of growth | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism. |
| hepoxilin biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hepoxilins, a class of bioactive icosanoids with roles in the regulation of cell physiology. |
| endocannabinoid signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an endocannabinoid binding to a cell surface receptor. The pathway proceeds with the receptor transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Endocannabinoids are small molecules derived from arachidonic acid, anandamide (arachidonoylethanolamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol. |
| cannabinoid biosynthetic process | |
| lipoxin A4 biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoxin A4. Lipoxin A4 is a C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (6R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (7E)- (9E)-, (11Z)- and (13E)-double bonds. |
| DNA methylation-dependent constitutive heterochromatin formation | |
| peptidyl-threonine dephosphorylation | The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine to form peptidyl-threonine. |
| regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II | |
| G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway | |
| detection of visible light | The series of events in which a visible light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm. |
| positive regulation of calcium ion import across plasma membrane | |
| activation-induced cell death of T cells | A T cell apoptotic process that occurs towards the end of the expansion phase following the initial activation of mature T cells by antigen and is triggered by T cell receptor stimulation and signals transmitted via various surface-expressed members of the TNF receptor family such as Fas ligand, Fas, and TNF and the p55 and p75 TNF receptors. |
| positive regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| GDP-mannose biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate. |
| GDP-mannose biosynthetic process from mannose | |
| GDP-D-mannose biosynthetic process from fructose-6-phosphate | |
| DNA recombination | Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Intrachromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction. |
| regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III | |
| transcription by RNA polymerase III | |
| inositol phosphate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached. |
| vacuolar acidification | Any process that reduces the pH of the vacuole, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. |
| regulation of macroautophagy | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy. |
| proton transmembrane transport | |
| protein localization to microtubule | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a microtubule. |
| DNA geometric change | The process in which a transformation is induced in the geometry of a DNA double helix, resulting in a change in twist, writhe, or both, but with no change in linking number. Includes the unwinding of double-stranded DNA by helicases. |
| negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation. |
| mismatch repair | A system for the correction of errors in which an incorrect base, which cannot form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding base in the parent strand, is incorporated into the daughter strand. The mismatch repair system promotes genomic fidelity by repairing base-base mismatches, insertion-deletion loops and heterologies generated during DNA replication and recombination. |
| intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage | A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator | A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| positive regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lung ciliated cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation. |
| endochondral ossification | Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage. |
| positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells. |
| positive regulation of mRNA binding | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA binding. |
| regulation of translational initiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation. |
| monocarboxylic acid transport | The directed movement of monocarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| negative regulation of myotube differentiation | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. |
| protein deacetylation | The removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid. |
| positive regulation of TOR signaling | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling. |
| spindle assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart. |
| cellular response to fluid shear stress | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluid shear stress stimulus. Fluid shear stress is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface. |
| DNA repair-dependent chromatin remodeling | |
| regulation of protein localization to nucleolus | |
| telomerase holoenzyme complex assembly | |
| branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine. |
| mitotic spindle midzone assembly | The cell cycle process, occurring during anaphase, in which the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components forms the spindle midzone. |
| establishment of chromosome localization | The directed movement of a chromosome to a specific location. |
| positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid separation. |
| positive regulation of attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore | |
| positive regulation of mitotic cytokinesis | |
| protein autoprocessing | Processing which a protein carries out itself. This involves actions such as the autolytic removal of residues to generate the mature form of the protein. |
| neuron cell-cell adhesion | The attachment of a neuron to another cell via adhesion molecules. |
| ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to a glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex. Ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity | A process that modulates neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers. |
| positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate. |
| calcium ion transmembrane import into cytosol | A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other into the cytosol by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| monoatomic cation transmembrane transport | |
| excitatory chemical synaptic transmission | |
| regulation of monoatomic cation transmembrane transport | |
| positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity. |
| organelle assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an organelle. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. |
| positive regulation of receptor localization to synapse | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor localization to synapse. |
| regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane. |
| caudate nucleus development | The progression of the caudate nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The caudate nucleus is the C-shaped structures of the striatum containing input neurons involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain. |
| putamen development | The progression of the putamen over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The putamen is the lens-shaped basal ganglion involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain. |
| lactate transmembrane transport | The directed movement of lactate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lactate is 2-hydroxypropanoate, CH3-CHOH-COOH; L(+)-lactate is formed by anaerobic glycolysis in animal tissues, and DL-lactate is found in sour milk, molasses and certain fruit juices. |
| pyruvate transmembrane transport | The directed movement of pyruvate across a membrane. |
| copper ion import | The directed movement of copper ions into a cell or organelle. |
| plasma membrane copper ion transport | The directed movement of copper ions across the plasma membrane. |
| vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) located on the surface of the receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| silver ion transmembrane transport | |
| bile acid and bile salt transport | The directed movement of bile acid and bile salts into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| leukotriene transport | |
| prostaglandin secretion | |
| platelet degranulation | The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine and serotonin by a platelet. |
| cAMP transport | |
| purine nucleotide transport | The directed movement of a purine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell. |
| glutathione transmembrane transport | |
| heme transmembrane transport | |
| cGMP transport | |
| folate transmembrane transport | |
| transcription initiation at RNA polymerase I promoter | |
| rRNA transcription | The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), any RNA that forms part of the ribosomal structure, from a DNA template. |
| response to exogenous dsRNA | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an exogenous double-stranded RNA stimulus. |
| hyperosmotic response | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell. |
| detection of virus | The series of events in which a stimulus from a virus is received and converted into a molecular signal. |
| inflammatory response to wounding | |
| glycosphingolipid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide. |
| regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | |
| lysophospholipid transport | The directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A lysophospholipid is a phospholipid that lacks one of its fatty acyl chains; it is an intermediate formed during digestion of dietary and biliary phospholipids. |
| phosphatidylserine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine. They are important constituents of cell membranes. |
| positive regulation of lipid storage | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development. |
| positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell. |
| low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling | The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters from LDL to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride to LDL. |
| phosphatidylcholine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline. |
| regulation of macrophage activation | Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of macrophage activation. |
| phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine. It is a major structural phospholipid in mammalian systems. It tends to be more abundant than phosphatidylcholine in the internal membranes of the cell and is an abundant component of prokaryotic membranes. |
| phosphatidylcholine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline. They are important constituents of cell membranes. |
| phosphatidylglycerol metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylglycerols, any of a class of phospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of glycerol. They are important constituents of cell membranes. |
| phosphatidic acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidic acid, any derivative of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids. |
| platelet activating factor catabolic process | |
| positive regulation of arachidonate secretion | |
| negative regulation of cholesterol efflux | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle. |
| cholesterol biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. |
| SREBP signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus generated as a consequence of decreased levels of one or more sterols (and in some yeast, changes in oxygen levels) and which proceeds through activation of a sterol response element binding transcription factor (SREBP) to result in up-regulation of target gene transcription. |
| cellular response to sterol | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sterol stimulus. |
| SREBP-SCAP complex retention in endoplasmic reticulum | |
| negative regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol. |
| negative regulation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum | |
| negative regulation of cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicle | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cargo loading into a COPII-coated vesicle. |
| protein acetylation | The addition of an acetyl group to a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid. |
| photoperiodism | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light or dark of a given length, measured relative to a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species. |
| cellular response to ionizing radiation | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays. |
| skeletal muscle tissue development | The developmental sequence of events leading to the formation of adult skeletal muscle tissue. The main events are: the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes that increase in size by further fusion to them of myoblasts, the formation of myofibrils within their cytoplasm and the establishment of functional neuromuscular junctions with motor neurons. At this stage they can be regarded as mature muscle fibers. |
| skeletal muscle atrophy | A process, occurring in skeletal muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse. |
| regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation | |
| skeletal myofibril assembly | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A skeletal myofibril is a myofibril specific to skeletal muscle cells. |
| negative regulation of myoblast fusion | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast fusion. |
| negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. |
| positive regulation of urothelial cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of urothelial cell proliferation. |
| lung epithelium development | The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung epithelium from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung epithelium and ends with the mature structure. The lung epithelium is the specialized epithelium that lines the inside of the lung. |
| bud outgrowth involved in lung branching | The process in which a region of the lung epithelium initiates an outgrowth. |
| metanephros development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus, which develops into the mature kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. |
| mesonephros development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the mesonephros is the second of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the mesonephros will form the mature kidney. |
| salivary gland development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the salivary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Salivary glands include any of the saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity. |
| positive regulation of epithelial cell migration | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration. |
| positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. |
| positive regulation of ATP-dependent activity | |
| lacrimal gland development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lacrimal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lacrimal gland produces secretions that lubricate and protect the cornea of the eye. |
| positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction. |
| regulation of saliva secretion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of saliva from a cell or a tissue. |
| branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube | The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder. |
| positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation. |
| urothelial cell proliferation | The multiplication or reproduction of urothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Urothelial cells make up a layer of transitional epithelium in the wall of the bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis, external to the lamina propria. |
| positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine. |
| positive regulation of keratinocyte migration | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte migration. |
| radial glial cell differentiation | The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to radial glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the brain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. |
| secretion by lung epithelial cell involved in lung growth | The controlled release of liquid by a lung epithelial cell that contributes to an increase in size of the lung as part of its development. |
| positive regulation of hair follicle cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hair follicle cell proliferation. |
| liver development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The liver is an exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes. |
| negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein. |
| negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling. |
| nucleotide-excision repair | A DNA repair process in which a small region of the strand surrounding the damage is removed from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. Nucleotide excision repair recognizes a wide range of substrates, including damage caused by UV irradiation (pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts) and chemicals (intrastrand cross-links and bulky adducts). |
| negative regulation of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing | |
| base-excision repair | In base excision repair, an altered base is removed by a DNA glycosylase enzyme, followed by excision of the resulting sugar phosphate. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. |
| positive regulation of gene expression via chromosomal CpG island demethylation | |
| depurination | The disruption of the bond between the sugar in the backbone and the A or G base, causing the base to be removed and leaving a depurinated sugar. |
| depyrimidination | The disruption of the bond between the sugar in the backbone and the C or T base, causing the base to be removed and leaving a depyrimidinated sugar. |
| vitamin metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamins. Vitamin is a general term for a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. Vitamins may be water-soluble or fat-soluble and usually serve as components of coenzyme systems. |
| negative regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O. |
| positive regulation of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity. Vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity catalyzes the hydroxylation of C-24 of any form of vitamin D. |
| regulation of bone mineralization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization. |
| response to vitamin D | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus. |
| calcitriol biosynthetic process from calciol | Conversion of vitamin D3 from its largely inactive form (calciol, also called cholecalciferol) into a hormonally active form (calcitriol). Conversion requires 25-hydroxylation of calciol in the liver to form calcidiol, and subsequent 1,alpha-hydroxylation of calcidiol in the kidney to form calcitriol. |
| vitamin D metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3). |
| calcium ion homeostasis | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within an organism or cell. |
| positive regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity. |
| positive regulation of phospholipase activity | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid. |
| regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction | |
| positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels. |
| cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epidermal growth factor stimulus. |
| vascular endothelial cell response to laminar fluid shear stress | |
| positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation | |
| MHC class Ib protein complex assembly | |
| peptide antigen assembly with MHC class I protein complex | The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules. |
| peptide antigen stabilization | Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a peptide antigen and preventing it from being degraded. |
| regulation of sodium ion transport | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression | |
| regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response. |
| negative regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a chemokine binding to a cell surface receptor. |
| epithelial cell morphogenesis | The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. |
| retinal pigment epithelium development | The progression of the retinal pigment epithelium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The retinal pigment epithelium is the melanin-containing layer of cells between the retina and the choroid that absorbs scattered and reflected light and removes waste products produced by the photoreceptor cells. |
| establishment of endothelial blood-brain barrier | |
| cell junction maintenance | The organization process that preserves a cell junction in a stable functional or structural state. A cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. |
| cell-cell junction maintenance | The maintenance of junctions between cells. |
| bicellular tight junction assembly | |
| regulation of transepithelial transport | |
| negative regulation of phosphate transmembrane transport | |
| leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response | The movement of an immune cell in response to an external stimulus contributing to an inflammatory response. |
| regulation of acute inflammatory response | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response. |
| glucose homeostasis | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell. |
| regulation of interleukin-1 beta production | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production. |
| negative regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha. |
| stabilization of membrane potential | The accomplishment of a non-fluctuating membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. |
| macropinocytosis | An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment by the 'ruffling' of the cell membrane to form heterogeneously sized intracellular vesicles called macropinosomes, which can be up to 5 micrometers in size. |
| positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport. |
| regulation of calcium ion import across plasma membrane | |
| late endosome to Golgi transport | The directed movement of substances from late endosomes to the Golgi. |
| 7-methylguanosine mRNA capping | Addition of the 7-methylguanosine cap to the 5' end of a nascent messenger RNA transcript. |
| epigenetic programing of male pronucleus | |
| basement membrane organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the basement membrane. |
| regulation of TOR signaling | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling. |
| positive regulation of DNA damage checkpoint | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint. |
| negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation. |
| regulation of cytoskeleton organization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. |
| inhibitory synapse assembly | |
| regulation of G1 to G0 transition | |
| rDNA heterochromatin formation | |
| cellular response to glucose starvation | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of glucose. |
| regulation of transcription by glucose | Any process involving glucose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent or transcription. |
| intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator | A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| regulation of protein kinase A signaling | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein kinase A signaling. PKA signaling is the series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound. |
| positive regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade. |
| ephrin receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an ephrin receptor binding to an ephrin. |
| regulation of axonogenesis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis, the generation of an axon, the long process of a neuron. |
| regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission. |
| nitric oxide biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water. |
| ganglioside biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ceramide oligosaccharides carrying in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic acid residues. |
| N-glycan processing | The conversion of N-linked glycan (N = nitrogen) structures from the initially transferred oligosaccharide to a mature form, by the actions of glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. The early processing steps are conserved and play roles in glycoprotein folding and trafficking. |
| glycoprotein metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. |
| oligosaccharide metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages. |
| sialylation | The covalent attachment of sialic acid to a substrate molecule. |
| retinoic acid catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A. |
| retinoic acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A. |
| negative regulation of stress fiber assembly | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts. |
| positive regulation of phospholipase C/protein kinase C signal transduction | |
| regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokine mediated signaling pathway. |
| hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis | Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of hematopoietic stem cells within a population of cells. |
| endoderm development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues. |
| RNA metabolic process | The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. |
| estrogen receptor signaling pathway | |
| sulfate assimilation | The pathways by which inorganic sulfate is processed and incorporated into sulfated compounds. |
| 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems. |
| amyloid fibril formation | The generation of amyloid fibrils, insoluble fibrous protein aggregates exhibiting beta sheet structure, from proteins. An example of this is seen when human RIP1 and RIP3 kinases form a heterodimeric functional amyloid signaling complex (PMID:22817896). |
| heart process | A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. |
| intestinal stem cell homeostasis | |
| muscle cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell. |
| positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage. |
| positive regulation of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation | |
| regulation of exit from mitosis | Any process involved in the progression from anaphase/telophase to G1 that is associated with a conversion from high to low mitotic CDK activity. |
| protein localization to kinetochore | Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the kinetochore. |
| regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore. |
| proline metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. |
| proline catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. |
| intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress | A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| 4-hydroxyproline catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline. |
| regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| trehalose metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi. |
| trehalose catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi. |
| positive regulation of neuron maturation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation. |
| positive regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve | |
| ganglioside biosynthetic process via lactosylceramide | |
| central nervous system neuron axonogenesis | Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system. The process carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. |
| central nervous system myelination | The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. |
| positive regulation of embryonic development | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. |
| positive regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation. |
| negative regulation of cell motility | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. |
| protein retention in ER lumen | The retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen of soluble resident proteins. Sorting receptors retrieve proteins with ER localization signals, such as KDEL and HDEL sequences or some transmembrane domains, that have escaped to the cis-Golgi network and return them to the ER. Abnormally folded proteins and unassembled subunits are also selectively retained in the ER. |
| attachment of GPI anchor to protein | A transamidation reaction that results in the cleavage of the polypeptide chain and the concomitant transfer of the GPI anchor to the newly formed carboxy-terminal amino acid of the anchored protein. The cleaved C-terminal contains the C-terminal GPI signal sequence of the newly synthesized polypeptide chain. |
| regulation of smooth muscle contraction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction. |
| regulation of focal adhesion assembly | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion formation, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions. |
| regulation of cell motility | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. |
| ciliary basal body organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a ciliary basal body, a short cylindrical array of microtubules and associated proteins found at the base of a eukaryotic cilium (also called flagellum). |
| positive regulation of cilium assembly | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cilium. |
| negative regulation of cilium assembly | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cilium assembly. |
| renal water homeostasis | Renal process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of water in the body. |
| cAMP biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate). |
| adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). |
| adenylate cyclase-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway | |
| adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a serotonin receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). |
| negative regulation of urine volume | Any process that decreases the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time. |
| cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus. |
| cellular response to catecholamine stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catecholamine stimulus. A catecholamine is any of a group of biogenic amines that includes 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution. |
| cellular response to vasopressin | |
| cellular response to forskolin | |
| nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay | The nonsense-mediated decay pathway for nuclear-transcribed mRNAs degrades mRNAs in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; this prevents the translation of such mRNAs into truncated, and potentially harmful, proteins. |
| microspike assembly | Formation of a microspike, a dynamic, actin-rich projection extending from the surface of a migrating animal cell. |
| renal tubule morphogenesis | The process in which the renal tubule is generated by specification of cell fate, through the maintenance of cell polarity, regulated cell proliferation and morphogenetic cell rearrangements, shape changes and growth. A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis. |
| nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation | The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state. |
| epithelial cell proliferation involved in renal tubule morphogenesis | Any epithelial cell proliferation that is involved in renal tubule morphogenesis. |
| inositol metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms. |
| purine nucleobase transport | The directed movement of purine bases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| pyrimidine nucleobase transport | The directed movement of pyrimidine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| positive regulation of T cell cytokine production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production. |
| positive regulation of interleukin-2 production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production. |
| nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor (NLR) binding to one of its physiological ligands. NLRs are cytoplasmic receptors defined by their tripartite domain architecture that contains: a variable C-terminus, a middle nucleotide-binding domain, and a LRR domain that is variable in the repeats composition and number. The NLR signaling pathway begins with binding of a ligand to a NLR receptor and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process. |
| interleukin-33-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-33 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| interleukin-17A-mediated signaling pathway | |
| anoikis | Apoptosis triggered by inadequate or inappropriate adherence to substrate e.g. after disruption of the interactions between normal epithelial cells and the extracellular matrix. |
| positive regulation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway | |
| regulation of endothelial cell proliferation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. |
| regulation of sprouting angiogenesis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting angiogenesis. |
| positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor. |
| self proteolysis | The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their own peptide bonds. |
| positive regulation of cellular senescence | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence. |
| nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1). |
| cellular response to muramyl dipeptide | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muramyl dipeptide stimulus. Muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan. |
| negative regulation of GTPase activity | Any process that stops or reduces the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase. |
| cellular response to calcium ion | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus. |
| spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex assembly | The formation of a tri-snRNP complex containing U4 and U6 (or U4atac and U6atac) snRNAs and U5 snRNAs and associated proteins. This includes reannealing of U4 and U6 (or U4atac and U6atac) snRNAs released from previous rounds of splicing to reform the U4/U6 snRNP (or U4atac/U6atac snRNP) as well as the subsequent association of the U5 snRNP with the U4/U6 snRNP (or U4atac/U6atac snRNP) to form a tri-snRNP that is ready to reassemble into another spliceosome complex. |
| protein insertion into ER membrane by stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence | |
| heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules | The attachment of an adhesion molecule in one cell to a nonidentical adhesion molecule in an adjacent cell. |
| glutamate receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of glutamate to a glutamate receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| cerebellar granule cell differentiation | The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar granule cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a granule cell fate. A granule cell is a glutamatergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex. |
| synaptic transmission, glutamatergic | The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate. |
| regulation of neuron apoptotic process | Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. |
| excitatory postsynaptic potential | |
| prepulse inhibition | The process in which a startle magnitude is reduced when the startling stimulus is preceded by a low-intensity prepulse. |
| synaptic signaling via neuropeptide | |
| positive regulation of long-term synaptic depression | |
| phosphatidylinositol metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid in which a sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol. |
| phosphatidylinositol dephosphorylation | The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphatidylinositol. |
| positive regulation of endosome organization | |
| neural crest cell migration | The characteristic movement of cells from the dorsal ridge of the neural tube to a variety of locations in a vertebrate embryo. |
| positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation | The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells. |
| anterior/posterior pattern specification | The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along the anterior-posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism. |
| vagus nerve morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structure of the vagus nerve is generated and organized. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis. |
| aorta morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of an aorta are generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body. |
| ear morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the ear are generated and organized. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals. |
| inner ear morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the inner ear are generated and organized. The inner ear is the structure in vertebrates that contains the organs of balance and hearing. It consists of soft hollow sensory structures (the membranous labyrinth) containing fluid (endolymph) surrounded by fluid (perilymph) and encased in a bony cavity (the bony labyrinth). It consists of two chambers, the sacculus and utriculus, from which arise the cochlea and semicircular canals respectively. |
| outer ear morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the outer ear are generated and organized. The outer ear is the part of the ear external to the tympanum (eardrum). It consists of a tube (the external auditory meatus) that directs sound waves on to the tympanum, and may also include the external pinna, which extends beyond the skull. |
| middle ear morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the middle ear are generated and organized. The middle ear is the air-filled cavity within the skull of vertebrates that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear. It is linked to the pharynx (and therefore to outside air) via the Eustachian tube and in mammals contains the three ear ossicles, which transmit auditory vibrations from the outer ear (via the tympanum) to the inner ear (via the oval window). |
| muscle cell fate commitment | The process in which the cellular identity of muscle cells is acquired and determined. |
| tongue morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the tongue are generated and organized. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech. |
| retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. |
| blood vessel morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. |
| muscle organ morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle are generated and organized. |
| embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the cranial skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. |
| embryonic viscerocranium morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the viscerocranium are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The viscerocranium is the part of the skull comprising the facial bones. |
| semicircular canal morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the semicircular canals are generated and organized. |
| muscle tissue morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle tissue are generated and organized. Muscle tissue consists of a set of cells that are part of an organ and carry out a contractive function. |
| coronary artery morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of coronary arteries are generated and organized. Coronary arteries are blood vessels that transport blood to the heart muscle. |
| enamel mineralization | The process in which calcium salts, mainly carbonated hydroxyapatite, are deposited in tooth enamel. |
| cochlea morphogenesis | The process in which the cochlea is generated and organized. |
| mesenchymal cell apoptotic process | Any apoptotic process in a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types. |
| regulation of animal organ morphogenesis | |
| positive regulation of tongue muscle cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tongue muscle cell differentiation. |
| negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process. |
| maltose catabolic process | |
| starch catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of starch, the most important reserve polysaccharide in plants. |
| dextrin catabolic process | |
| endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or other ER-related stress; results in changes in the regulation of transcription and translation. |
| membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis | The proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane protein leading to the release of an intracellular domain. |
| ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response | |
| regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol. |
| positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol. |
| bone maturation | A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for bone to attain its fully functional state. |
| epigenetic programming in the zygotic pronuclei | |
| cellular response to heat | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. |
| mitochondrial protein catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a mitochondrial protein. This process is necessary to maintain the healthy state of mitochondria and is thought to occur via the induction of an intramitochondrial lysosome-like organelle that acts to eliminate the damaged oxidised mitochondrial proteins without destroying the mitochondrial structure. |
| cellular response to growth factor stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus. |
| positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis. |
| negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand. |
| mesodermal cell fate determination | The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. |
| negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion. |
| regulation of cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features. |
| positive regulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin. |
| negative regulation of response to cytokine stimulus | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus. |
| cellular response to laminar fluid shear stress | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a laminar fluid shear stress stimulus. Laminar fluid flow is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface in parallel layers. |
| negative regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell | |
| negative regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production. |
| daunorubicin metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving daunorubicin, a chemotherapeutic of the anthracycline family that is given as a treatment for some types of cancer. |
| doxorubicin metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving doxorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic, used in cancer chemotherapy. |
| camera-type eye photoreceptor cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell in a camera-type eye. |
| podocyte differentiation | |
| glomerular parietal epithelial cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. |
| positive regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of protein localization to cell cortex | |
| sinoatrial node development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sinoatrial (SA) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The SA node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node. |
| cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contraction | An action potential that occurs in a cardiac muscle cell and is involved in its contraction. |
| SA node cell action potential | An action potential that occurs in a sinoatrial node cardiac muscle cell. |
| AV node cell action potential | An action potential that occurs in an atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell. |
| SA node cell to atrial cardiac muscle cell signaling | |
| AV node cell to bundle of His cell signaling | |
| membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential | The process in which AV node cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential. |
| membrane depolarization during SA node cell action potential | The process in which SA node cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential. |
| TORC1 signaling | |
| protein localization to lysosome | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a lysosome. |
| positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus. |
| poly-N-acetyllactosamine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n. |
| keratan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process | |
| inorganic anion transport | The directed movement of inorganic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Inorganic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage. |
| iodide transport | The directed movement of iodide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| apical protein localization | Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, apical regions of the cell. |
| phospholipid translocation | The movement of a phospholipid molecule from one leaflet of a membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet. |
| regulation of chloride transport | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chloride transport. |
| cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects. |
| positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response | |
| positive regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process. |
| positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. |
| regulation of translation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA. |
| positive regulation of muscle atrophy | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle atrophy. |
| positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process. |
| androgen metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics. |
| estrogen metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants. |
| aortic valve morphogenesis | The process in which the structure of the aortic valve is generated and organized. |
| mitral valve morphogenesis | The process in which the structure of the mitral valve is generated and organized. |
| pulmonary valve morphogenesis | The process in which the structure of the pulmonary valve is generated and organized. |
| zygotic specification of dorsal/ventral axis | The specification of the dorsal/ventral axis of the embryo, through the products of genes expressed in the zygote. |
| negative regulation of ossification | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation. |
| regulation of centrosome duplication | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome duplication. Centrosome duplication is the replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized. |
| resolution of mitotic recombination intermediates | The cleavage and rejoining of intermediates, mitotic recombination to produce two intact molecules in which genetic material has been exchanged. |
| t-circle formation | |
| telomeric loop disassembly | |
| telomere maintenance via telomere trimming | |
| DNA strand invasion | |
| T cell proliferation | The expansion of a T cell population by cell division. Follows T cell activation. |
| regulation of T cell activation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. |
| visual learning | Any process in an organism in which a change in behavior of an individual occurs in response to repeated exposure to a visual cue. |
| zygote asymmetric cell division | The division of the zygote into two daughter cells that will adopt developmentally distinct potentials. |
| negative regulation of synaptic plasticity | A process that decreases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers. |
| negative regulation of MAP kinase activity | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity. |
| negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | |
| long-term synaptic potentiation | A process that modulates synaptic plasticity such that synapses are changed resulting in the increase in the rate, or frequency of synaptic transmission at the synapse. |
| chloride ion homeostasis | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of chloride ions within an organism or cell. |
| plasma membrane repair | The resealing of a cell plasma membrane after cellular wounding due to, for instance, mechanical stress. |
| regulation of bone remodeling | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling, the processes of bone formation and resorption that combine to maintain skeletal integrity. |
| calcium ion-regulated exocytosis of neurotransmitter | |
| regulation of phagocytosis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the process in which phagocytes engulf external particulate material. |
| regulation of glucagon secretion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon. |
| phagosome-lysosome fusion | The creation of a phagolysosome from a phagosome and a lysosome. |
| short-term synaptic potentiation | |
| calcium ion regulated lysosome exocytosis | |
| formation of translation preinitiation complex | The joining of the small ribosomal subunit, ternary complex, and mRNA. |
| ribosome disassembly | The disaggregation of a ribosome into its constituent components; includes the dissociation of ribosomal subunits. |
| tRNA export from nucleus | The directed movement of tRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. |
| negative regulation of cell projection organization | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. |
| negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation | |
| purine nucleotide catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. |
| deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. |
| nucleoside salvage | Any process which produces a nucleotide, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose (a deoxyribonucleotide), from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. |
| galanin-activated signaling pathway | |
| positive regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity. |
| negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity. |
| epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in cardiac fibroblast development | |
| negative regulation of neuron projection arborization | |
| regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the wakeful phase of the circadian sleep/wake cycle. The wakeful phase is the part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep. |
| negative regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin. |
| epithelial to mesenchymal transition | A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. |
| epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation | A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of the endocardial cushion. |
| cell migration involved in endocardial cushion formation | The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. |
| negative regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a vitamin D biosynthetic process. Vitamin D biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3). |
| neural crest cell development | The process aimed at the progression of a neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. |
| regulation of chemokine production | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of chemokine production. |
| desmosome disassembly | The controlled breakdown of a desmosome. A desmosome is a patch-like intercellular junction found in vertebrate tissues, consisting of parallel zones of two cell membranes, separated by an space of 25-35 nm, and having dense fibrillar plaques in the subjacent cytoplasm. |
| negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage. |
| regulation of osteoblast differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation. |
| epithelium development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. |
| negative regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity. |
| negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage. |
| negative regulation of anoikis | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis. |
| nuclear membrane reassembly | |
| ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; ubiquitin-tagged proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation. |
| vesicle fusion with vacuole | |
| multivesicular body-lysosome fusion | |
| midbody abscission | |
| regulation of mitotic spindle assembly | |
| late endosome to lysosome transport | |
| negative regulation of centriole elongation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of centriole elongation. |
| ESCRT III complex disassembly | |
| signal complex assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a complex capable of relaying a signal within a cell. |
| regulation of neurotransmitter receptor activity | |
| negative regulation of cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway | |
| mitotic spindle elongation | The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle. Spindle elongation begins during prophase and ends during anaphase B. |
| microtubule polymerization | The addition of tubulin heterodimers to one or both ends of a microtubule. |
| regulation of chromosome segregation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. |
| regulation of kinase activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. |
| ureteric bud development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis | The process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules. |
| kidney development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. |
| vasculature development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism. |
| branchiomeric skeletal muscle development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The branchiomeric muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls facial expression, pharyngeal and laryngeal function, operating the jaw. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. Branchiomeric muscles of mammals correspond to the gill musculature of fish. |
| spleen development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spleen over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spleen is a large vascular lymphatic organ composed of white and red pulp, involved both in hemopoietic and immune system functions. |
| embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized during embryonic development. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. |
| gland development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A gland is an organ specialised for secretion. |
| lung morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the lung are generated and organized. |
| lung vasculature development | The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lung vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs. |
| bronchiole development | The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bronchiole from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the bronchiole and ends with the mature structure. A bronchiole is the first airway branch that no longer contains cartilage; it is a branch of the bronchi. |
| diaphragm development | The progression of the diaphragm over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that is responsible for contraction and expansion of the lungs. |
| respiratory system development | The progression of the respiratory system over time from its formation to its mature structure. The respiratory system carries out respiratory gaseous exchange. |
| negative regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the androgen receptor signaling pathway. |
| metanephric mesenchymal cell differentiation | The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state. |
| metanephric glomerular capillary formation | The process that gives rise to a metanephric glomerular capillary. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. |
| regulation of sister chromatid cohesion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion. |
| positive regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric | |
| action potential | A process in which membrane potential cycles through a depolarizing spike, triggered in response to depolarization above some threshold, followed by repolarization. This cycle is driven by the flow of ions through various voltage gated channels with different thresholds and ion specificities. |
| ethanol catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, a colorless, water-miscible, flammable liquid produced by alcoholic fermentation. |
| biogenic amine metabolic process | |
| thyroid hormone metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine. |
| positive regulation of sodium:proton antiporter activity | Any process that activates or increases the activity of a sodium:hydrogen antiporter, which catalyzes the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out). |
| peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to any of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (alpha, beta or gamma) in the nuclear membrane, and ending with the initiation or termination of the transcription of target genes. |
| rRNA (guanine-N7)-methylation | |
| positive regulation of rRNA processing | |
| mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling | |
| negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, the process in which cytochrome c is enabled to move from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is an early step in apoptosis and leads to caspase activation. |
| negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator. |
| positive regulation of phospholipid transport | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid transport. |
| glutaminyl-tRNAGln biosynthesis via transamidation | A tRNA aminoacylation process in which glutaminyl-tRNAGln is formed by a tRNA-dependent two-step pathway. In the first step a non-discriminating glutamyl-tRNAGlx synthetase generates the misacylated L-glutamyl-tRNAGln species, and in the second step it is amidated to the correctly charged L-glutaminyl-tRNAGln by a glutamyl-tRNAGln amidotransferase. |
| U2-type prespliceosome assembly | |
| protein localization to site of double-strand break | Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a region of a chromosome at which a DNA double-strand break has occurred. |
| interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway | |
| establishment of epithelial cell polarity | The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization of an epithelial cell. |
| positive regulation of phosphatase activity | Any process that increases the rate or frequency of phosphatase activity. Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate. |
| positive regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade. |
| positive regulation of natural killer cell degranulation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell degranulation. |
| basolateral protein secretion | |
| regulated exocytosis | |
| regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity | A process that modulates long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers. |
| negative regulation of ERAD pathway | |
| positive regulation of ERAD pathway | |
| negative regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process | |
| lipoate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoate, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoate, the anion derived from lipoic acid. |
| carnitine shuttle | The transfer of acyl groups to and from acyl-CoA molecules to form O-acylcarnitine, which can exchange across the mitochondrial inner membrane with unacylated carnitine. |
| tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation | The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in ribosome-mediated polypeptide synthesis. |
| asparaginyl-tRNA aminoacylation | The process of coupling asparagine to asparaginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. |
| erythrocyte differentiation | The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte. |
| nuclear speck organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of nuclear specks, a class of nuclear body in which splicing factors are localized. |
| stress granule disassembly | The disaggregation of a stress granule into its constituent protein and RNA parts. |
| regulation of cellular response to stress | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to stress. Cellular response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). |
| positive regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle G2/M phase transition. |
| organelle disassembly | The disaggregation of an organelle into its constituent components. |
| regulation of TORC1 signaling | |
| axon extension | Long distance growth of a single axon process involved in cellular development. |
| axon arborization | |
| ATP transport | The directed movement of ATP, adenosine triphosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| fatty acid transport | The directed movement of fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis. |
| protein tetramerization | The formation of a protein tetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits. |
| protein heterotetramerization | The formation of a protein heterotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated subunits, of which not all are identical. |
| mRNA alternative polyadenylation | |
| co-transcriptional mRNA 3'-end processing, cleavage and polyadenylation pathway | |
| positive regulation of pro-B cell differentiation | |
| hyaluronan catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. |
| cartilage development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cartilage element over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage elements are skeletal elements that consist of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. |
| cellular response to UV-B | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 290 to 320 nm. |
| negative regulation of ovarian follicle development | |
| positive regulation of acrosomal vesicle exocytosis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acrosomal vesicle exocytosis. |
| cell cycle G2/M phase transition | The cell cycle process by which a cell in G2 phase commits to M phase. |
| galactosylceramide biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group. |
| oligosaccharide biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages. |
| glucose metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. |
| phosphate ion transmembrane transport | The directed movement of phosphate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| negative regulation of vasculature development involved in avascular cornea development in camera-type eye | |
| regulation of extracellular matrix organization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization. |
| positive regulation of myelination | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons. |
| positive regulation of axonogenesis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis. |
| positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane protein ectodomain peptidolysis. |
| positive regulation of sodium ion transport | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing, any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an mRNA molecule. |
| regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity | |
| angiotensin-activated signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of angiotensin II binding to an angiotensin receptor on the surface of the cell, and proceeding with the activated receptor transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity. Ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| response to calcium ion | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus. |
| mitochondrion-endoplasmic reticulum membrane tethering | |
| cellular defense response | A defense response that is mediated by cells. |
| purine nucleoside transmembrane transport | The directed movement of a purine nucleoside across a membrane. A purine nucleoside is a purine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar. |
| adenosine transport | |
| inosine transport | |
| induction of positive chemotaxis | Any process that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical. |
| positive regulation of monocyte chemotaxis | Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte chemotaxis. |
| positive regulation of deacetylase activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of deacetylase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of an acetyl group or groups from a substrate molecule. |
| integrated stress response signaling | |
| negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| anterograde neuronal dense core vesicle transport | |
| retrograde neuronal dense core vesicle transport | |
| heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues; the former are a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic acid and L-iduronic acid; the L-iduronic acid is either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as being sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups; heparan sulfate chains are covalently linked to peptidyl-serine by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl to serine residues. |
| negative regulation of keratinocyte differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation. |
| negative regulation of inflammatory response to wounding | |
| positive regulation of detection of glucose | |
| DNA replication initiation | The process in which DNA-dependent DNA replication is started; this involves the separation of a stretch of the DNA double helix, the recruitment of DNA polymerases and the initiation of polymerase action. |
| regulation of DNA replication | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication. |
| stimulatory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor signaling pathway | |
| natural killer cell mediated immunity | The promotion of an immune response by natural killer cells through direct recognition of target cells or through the release of cytokines. |
| microglial cell activation involved in immune response | The change in morphology and behavior of a microglial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. |
| T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell | The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to an antigen for which its T cell receptor is specific bound to an MHC molecule on an antigen presenting cell, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. |
| negative regulation of B cell proliferation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of B cell proliferation. |
| negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta1. |
| positive regulation of superoxide anion generation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enzymatic generation of superoxide by a cell. |
| positive regulation of macrophage fusion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage fusion. |
| response to axon injury | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an axon injury stimulus. |
| negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation | |
| positive regulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity | |
| positive regulation of protein localization to cell surface | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface. |
| positive regulation of osteoclast development | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast development. |
| positive regulation of mast cell chemotaxis | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell chemotaxis. Mast cell chemotaxis is the movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus. |
| polysaccharide metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. |
| galactose metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose. |
| keratan sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process | |
| peripheral T cell tolerance induction | |
| central tolerance induction to self antigen | |
| thymus epithelium morphogenesis | |
| regulation of thymocyte migration | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte migration. |
| lymphocyte chemotaxis across high endothelial venule | The movement of a lymphocyte to cross a high endothelial venule in response to an external stimulus. |
| chronic inflammatory response | Inflammation of prolonged duration (weeks or months) in which active inflammation, tissue destruction, and attempts at repair are proceeding simultaneously. Although it may follow acute inflammation, chronic inflammation frequently begins insidiously, as a low-grade, smoldering, often asymptomatic response. |
| regulation of humoral immune response | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response. |
| positive regulation of integrin activation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation. |
| endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor | The directed movement of an endothelial cell in response to the presence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF). |
| negative regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor. |
| establishment of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion | |
| establishment of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion | |
| positive regulation of sister chromatid cohesion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion. |
| protein localization to chromatin | Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin. |
| retinoid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoids, any member of a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity. |
| farnesol catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol. |
| protein insertion into mitochondrial inner membrane | |
| regulation of muscle contraction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. |
| negative regulation of programmed cell death | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. |
| calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade | Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the by activation of a member of the NFAT protein family as a consequence of NFAT dephosphorylation by Ca(2+)-activated calcineurin. The cascade begins with calcium-dependent activation of the phosphatase calcineurin. Calcineurin dephosphorylates multiple phosphoserine residues on NFAT, resulting in the translocation of NFAT to the nucleus. The cascade ends with regulation of transcription by NFAT. The calcineurin-NFAT cascade lies downstream of many cell surface receptors, including G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that signal to mobilize calcium ions (Ca2+). |
| regulation of dendrite morphogenesis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis. |
| neuron development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. |
| positive regulation of satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation of satellite cell involved in skeletal muscle regeneration. The activation of satellite cell is the process that initiates satellite cell division by causing it to move from quiescence to the G1 stage of the cell cycle. The cell swells and there are a number of other small changes. The cells then start to divide. Following cell division the cells will differentiate. |
| negative regulation of striated muscle tissue development | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development. |
| myoblast development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. |
| positive regulation of G0 to G1 transition | A cell cycle process that activates or increases the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase. |
| positive regulation of myoblast proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation. |
| regulation of synapse organization | Any process that modulates the physical form of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell). |
| negative regulation of glucokinase activity | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucokinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a glucose molecule. |
| autophagy of mitochondrion | |
| protein monoubiquitination | Addition of a single ubiquitin group to a protein. |
| adult locomotory behavior | Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism. |
| positive regulation of mitochondrial fusion | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment. |
| negative regulation of mitochondrial fusion | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment. |
| regulation of mitochondrion organization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion. |
| regulation of glucose metabolic process | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. |
| regulation of dopamine secretion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine. |
| negative regulation of actin filament bundle assembly | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles. |
| cellular response to unfolded protein | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus. |
| protein K29-linked ubiquitination | A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 29 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K29-linked ubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation. |
| regulation of dopamine metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine. |
| dopamine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. |
| protein K27-linked ubiquitination | A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 27 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. |
| negative regulation by host of viral genome replication | A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication. |
| positive regulation of neurotransmitter uptake | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a neuron or glial cell. |
| regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. |
| cellular response to manganese ion | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a manganese ion stimulus. |
| protein K6-linked ubiquitination | A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 6 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K6-linked ubiquitination is involved in DNA repair. |
| cellular response to toxic substance | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus. |
| mitochondrion to lysosome vesicle-mediated transport | |
| regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidative stress. |
| positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proteasomal protein catabolic process. |
| negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator. |
| negative regulation of primary amine oxidase activity | |
| positive regulation of protein linear polyubiquitination | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein linear polyubiquitination. |
| regulation of synaptic vesicle transport | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle transport. |
| positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. |
| cellular response to dopamine | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dopamine stimulus. |
| negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of exosomal secretion | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exosomal secretion. |
| negative regulation of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion | |
| positive regulation of type 2 mitophagy | |
| positive regulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi | |
| negative regulation of intralumenal vesicle formation | |
| positive regulation of protein localization to membrane | |
| regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process. |
| negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process. |
| negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I | |
| negative regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation | |
| olfactory learning | Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs in response to (repeated) exposure to an olfactory cue. |
| lysosome localization | Any process in which a lysosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. |
| organelle organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. |
| mRNA transport | The directed movement of mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-6 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling. |
| positive regulation of membrane tubulation | |
| mitochondrial genome maintenance | The maintenance of the structure and integrity of the mitochondrial genome; includes replication and segregation of the mitochondrial chromosome. |
| mitochondrial fusion | Merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment. |
| axonal transport of mitochondrion | |
| cristae formation | The assembly of cristae, the inwards folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane. |
| mitochondrial inner membrane fusion | |
| positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment. |
| positive regulation of melanocyte differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation. |
| melanocyte migration | The orderly movement of melanocytes from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. A melanocyte is a pigment cell derived from the neural crest. It contains melanin-filled pigment granules, which give a brown to black appearance. |
| regulation of melanosome organization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome organization. |
| somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes | Mutations occurring somatically that result in amino acid changes in the rearranged V regions of immunoglobulins. |
| poly(A)+ mRNA export from nucleus | The directed movement of poly(A)+ mRNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. |
| nucleosome organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of one or more nucleosomes. |
| synaptic vesicle exocytosis | Fusion of intracellular membrane-bounded vesicles with the pre-synaptic membrane of the neuronal cell resulting in release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. |
| neuron-neuron synaptic transmission | The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse. |
| neuromuscular synaptic transmission | The process of communication from a neuron to a muscle, across a synapse. |
| mitochondrion transport along microtubule | The directed movement of a mitochondrion along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. |
| negative regulation of defense response to bacterium | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to bacterium. |
| cellular response to gamma radiation | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. |
| positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation. |
| protein demethylation | The removal of a methyl group, from a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom. |
| muscle cell development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle cell development does not include the steps involved in committing an unspecified cell to the muscle cell fate. |
| regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the androgen receptor signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling | |
| regulation of MAPK cascade | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade. |
| regulation of JNK cascade | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade. |
| negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process | Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death. |
| negative regulation of glycolytic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis. |
| negative regulation of programmed necrotic cell death | |
| positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response | |
| negative regulation of autophagosome assembly | |
| positive regulation of oxidative phosphorylation | |
| negative regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process | |
| negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation | |
| regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress | |
| female gamete generation | Generation of the female gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a male gamete takes part in sexual reproduction. |
| regulation of progesterone secretion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of progesterone secretion. |
| protein insertion into membrane | The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a biological membrane. Incorporation in this context means having some part or covalently attached group that is inserted into the the hydrophobic region of one or both bilayers. |
| long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of long-chain fatty acids, any fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22. |
| phospholipid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester. |
| linoleic acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving linoleic acid, an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that has the molecular formula C18H32O2. |
| icosanoid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids. |
| positive regulation of immune response to tumor cell | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune response to tumor cell. |
| pyroptotic cell death | |
| dendrite self-avoidance | The process in which dendrites recognize and avoid contact with sister dendrites from the same cell. |
| Golgi apparatus mannose trimming | |
| negative regulation of bone resorption | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption. |
| positive regulation of protein localization to lysosome | |
| lung development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax. |
| determination of pancreatic left/right asymmetry | Determination of the asymmetric location of the pancreas with respect to the left and right halves of the organism. |
| determination of digestive tract left/right asymmetry | Determination of the asymmetric location of various parts of the digestive tract with respect to the left and right halves of the organism. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. |
| determination of liver left/right asymmetry | Determination of the asymmetric location of the liver with respect to the left and right halves of the organism. |
| negative regulation of prostaglandin secretion | |
| regulation of Wnt signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the Wnt signal transduction pathway. |
| intralumenal vesicle formation | The evagination of the endosome membrane, resulting in the formation of a vesicle. |
| negative regulation of early endosome to late endosome transport | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of early endosome to late endosome transport. |
| protein localization to synapse | Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell. |
| slit diaphragm assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a slit diaphragm, specialized cell-cell junction found between the interdigitating foot processes of the glomerular epithelium (the podocytes) in the vertebrate kidney, which is adapted for facilitating glomerular filtration. |
| N-acetylglucosamine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein. |
| adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). |
| positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. |
| mRNA modification | The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA molecule to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically. |
| chromosomal 5-methylcytosine DNA demethylation pathway | |
| negative regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay. |
| positive regulation of cytoplasmic translation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translation. |
| post-translational protein modification | The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome. |
| embryonic brain development | |
| lactosylceramide biosynthetic process | |
| membrane lipid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane. |
| positive regulation of fat cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation. |
| positive regulation of D-glucose import | |
| positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. |
| nuclear export | The directed movement of substances out of the nucleus. |
| rescue of stalled ribosome | |
| CAT tailing | |
| ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide encoded by an aberrant message and associated with a stalled ribosome. Degradation is initiated by the covalent attachment of a ubiquitin group, or multiple ubiquitin groups, to the ribosome-associated protein. |
| negative regulation of cytokine production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of production of a cytokine. |
| negative regulation of lipid catabolic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids. |
| lipid droplet fusion | |
| regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation. |
| GDP-mannose metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate. |
| 'de novo' GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-fucose from GDP-D-mannose via GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose, requiring the functions of GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase (EC:4.2.1.47) and GDP-L-fucose synthase (EC:1.1.1.271). |
| N-terminal peptidyl-glycine N-myristoylation | The myristoylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-myristoyl-glycine. |
| regulation of opsin-mediated signaling pathway | |
| regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity. |
| regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade. |
| signal transduction by p53 class mediator | An intracellular signaling process that is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53 or an equivalent protein. |
| positive regulation of receptor internalization | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization. |
| negative regulation of bone mineralization | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization. |
| negative regulation of bone remodeling | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling. |
| determination of dorsal identity | Determination of the identity of part of an organism or organ where those parts are of the type that occur in the dorsal region. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. |
| limb development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. Examples include legs, arms or some types of fin. |
| negative regulation of monocyte chemotaxis | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte chemotaxis. |
| negative regulation of osteoclast proliferation | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of osteoclasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoclast cell population. |
| positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation. |
| negative regulation of bone trabecula formation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone trabecula formation. |
| negative regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation. |
| positive regulation of signaling receptor activity | |
| regulation of muscle cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation. |
| toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 5. |
| detection of triacyl bacterial lipopeptide | The series of events in which a triacylated bacterial lipoprotein stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Triacylated bacterial lipoproteins are lipopeptides of bacterial origin containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of three acyl groups. |
| detection of diacyl bacterial lipopeptide | The series of events in which a diacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Diacylated bacterial lipoproteins are lipopeptides of bacterial origin containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of two acyl groups. |
| cellular response to lipoteichoic acid | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoteichoic acid stimulus; lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor. |
| cellular response to diacyl bacterial lipopeptide | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus. |
| cellular response to triacyl bacterial lipopeptide | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus. |
| microglia development | The process aimed at the progression of a microglial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. |
| positive regulation of interleukin-18 production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-18 production. |
| toll-like receptor TLR6:TLR2 signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a heterodimeric TLR6:TLR2 complex to one of it's physiological ligands, followed by transmission of the signal by the activated receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| negative regulation of synapse assembly | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. |
| cellular response to bacterial lipopeptide | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipopeptide stimulus. |
| regulation of microtubule-based process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton. |
| regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria. |
| cellular response to histamine | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a histamine stimulus. Histamine, the biogenic amine 2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine, is involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter. |
| 'de novo' post-translational protein folding | |
| regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis | |
| negative regulation of fatty acid metabolic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids. |
| flavone metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavones, a class of pigmented plant compounds based on 2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (2-phenylchromone). |
| myofibril assembly | Formation of myofibrils, the repeating units of striated muscle. |
| skeletal muscle cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle cell, a somatic cell located in skeletal muscle. |
| regulation of myoblast differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. |
| dorsal/ventral pattern formation | The regionalization process in which the areas along the dorsal/ventral axis are established that will lead to differences in cell differentiation. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism. |
| lipid droplet disassembly | |
| humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin | An immune response dependent upon secreted immunoglobulin. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. |
| regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell. |
| meiotic recombination checkpoint signaling | |
| error-prone translesion synthesis | The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication by using a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex to insert a defined nucleotide across the lesion. This process does not remove the replication-blocking lesions and causes an increase in the endogenous mutation level. For example, in E. coli, a low fidelity DNA polymerase, pol V, copies lesions that block replication fork progress. This produces mutations specifically targeted to DNA template damage sites, but it can also produce mutations at undamaged sites. |
| positive regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction | |
| microglial cell activation | The change in morphology and behavior of a microglial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. |
| enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway | |
| positive regulation of natural killer cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation. |
| interleukin-12-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-12 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| interleukin-5-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-5 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| collagen-activated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by collagen binding to a cell surface receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| interleukin-23-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-23 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| interleukin-3-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-3 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway | |
| erythropoietin-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of erythropoietin (EPO) to the erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R) on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| thrombopoietin-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a thrombopoietin to the thrombopoietin receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein. |
| activation of Janus kinase activity | The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it. |
| regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide. |
| regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT | |
| positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT | |
| positive regulation of NK T cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell proliferation. |
| type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway | |
| growth hormone receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT | |
| positive regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand. |
| mammary gland epithelium development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. |
| positive regulation of leukocyte proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation. |
| response to interleukin-12 | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-12 stimulus. |
| interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway | |
| positive regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 type immune response. |
| negative regulation of retinoic acid biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid biosynthetic process. |
| cardiac conduction system development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac conduction system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat. |
| entry of viral genome into host nucleus through nuclear pore complex via importin | |
| positive regulation of viral life cycle | |
| gastrulation with mouth forming second | A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the anus and the mouth forms second. |
| UDP-glucuronate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-glucuronate, a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. |
| protein hexamerization | The formation of a protein hexamer, a macromolecular structure consisting of six noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits. |
| peptidyl-tyrosine sulfation | The sulfation of peptidyl-tyrosine residues to form peptidyl-O4'-sulfo-L-tyrosine. |
| response to ATP | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) stimulus. |
| cardiac conduction | Transfer of an organized electrical impulse across the heart to coordinate the contraction of cardiac muscles. The process begins with generation of an action potential (in the sinoatrial node (SA) in humans) and ends with a change in the rate, frequency, or extent of the contraction of the heart muscles. |
| potassium ion import across plasma membrane | The directed movement of potassium ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. |
| negative regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell. |
| cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin | The attachment of one cell to another cell via a cadherin, transmembrane proteins having repeating extracellular calcium ion binding domains. |
| positive regulation of protein localization to cell-cell junction | |
| negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. |
| negative regulation of blood vessel branching | |
| response to light intensity | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light intensity stimulus. |
| calcium ion import across plasma membrane | The directed movement of calcium ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. |
| C-terminal protein methylation | The methylation of the C-terminal amino acid of a protein. |
| antibacterial humoral response | An immune response against bacteria mediated through a body fluid. Examples of this process are the antibacterial humoral responses in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster. |
| cardiolipin acyl-chain remodeling | Remodeling the acyl chains of premature (de novo synthesized) cardiolipin (1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol), through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate mature cardiolipin containing high-levels of unsaturated fatty acids. |
| phosphatidylethanolamine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine. |
| platelet activating factor metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving platelet activating factor, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine, where alkyl = hexadecyl or octadecyl. Platelet activating factor is an inflammatory mediator released from a variety of cells in response to various stimuli. |
| regulation of membrane depolarization | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of membrane depolarization. Membrane depolarization is the process in which membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the resting potential, usually from negative to positive. |
| negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate. |
| sodium ion import across plasma membrane | The directed movement of sodium ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. |
| regulation of SA node cell action potential | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an SA node cardiac myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. |
| lamellipodium morphogenesis | A process that is carried out at the cellular level and in which the structure of a lamellipodium is organized. |
| G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger | |
| GPI anchor biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor that attaches some membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The phosphatidylinositol group is linked via the C-6 hydroxyl residue of inositol to a carbohydrate chain which is itself linked to the protein via an ethanolamine phosphate group, its amino group forming an amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein. Some GPI anchors have variants on this canonical linkage. |
| dolichol metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving dolichols, any 2,3-dihydropolyprenol derived from four or more linked isoprene units. |
| protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine | The glycosylation of protein via the N4 atom of peptidyl-asparagine forming N4-glycosyl-L-asparagine; the most common form is N-acetylglucosaminyl asparagine; N-acetylgalactosaminyl asparagine and N4 glucosyl asparagine also occur. This modification typically occurs in extracellular peptides with an N-X-(ST) motif. Partial modification has been observed to occur with cysteine, rather than serine or threonine, in the third position; secondary structure features are important, and proline in the second or fourth positions inhibits modification. |
| protein mannosylation | The addition of a mannose residue to a protein acceptor molecule. |
| dolichol phosphate mannose biosynthetic process | |
| pyridoxine transport | |
| thiamine-containing compound metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine (vitamin B1), and compounds derived from it. |
| substrate localization to autophagosome | |
| autophagosome-lysosome fusion | |
| regulation of endosome organization | |
| innate immune response in mucosa | Any process of the innate immune response that takes place in the mucosal tissues. |
| glycolytic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP. Glycolysis begins with the metabolism of a carbohydrate to generate products that can enter the pathway and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to acetyl-coenzyme A, ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules. |
| intracellular copper ion homeostasis | |
| alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome | The process of generating multiple mRNA molecules from a given set of exons by differential use of exons from the primary transcript(s) to form multiple mature mRNAs that vary in their exon composition. |
| cellular response to exogenous dsRNA | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an exogenous double-stranded RNA stimulus. |
| negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process. |
| positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase. |
| scaRNA localization to Cajal body | |
| protein localization to Cajal body | |
| enzyme-directed rRNA pseudouridine synthesis | |
| telomerase RNA stabilization | |
| regulation of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body | |
| positive regulation of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body | |
| ribosome assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the mature ribosome and of its subunits. |
| negative regulation of viral transcription | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription. |
| suppression of viral release by host | |
| positive regulation of DNA binding | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). |
| regulation of immune response | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. |
| negative regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell. |
| regulation of enamel mineralization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel. |
| negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure | The process that reduces the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. |
| negative regulation by host of viral transcription | Any process in which a host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription. |
| negative regulation of DNA damage checkpoint | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint. |
| cerebral cortex neuron differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron residing in the cerebral cortex. |
| regulation of Rho protein signal transduction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction. |
| cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation | The process in which the structures of a neuron are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a neuron. |
| receptor internalization | A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the movement of receptors from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell. The process begins when cell surface receptors are monoubiquitinated following ligand-induced activation. Receptors are subsequently taken up into endocytic vesicles from where they are either targeted to the lysosome or vacuole for degradation or recycled back to the plasma membrane. |
| positive regulation of protein glycosylation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the glycosylation of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. Protein glycosylation is the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins. |
| amylin receptor signaling pathway | |
| amylin receptor 1 signaling pathway | |
| calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor signaling pathway | |
| vasculogenesis | The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes. |
| basement membrane assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a basement membrane, a part of the extracellular region that consists of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. |
| vascular associated smooth muscle cell development | |
| amylin receptor 2 signaling pathway | |
| adrenomedullin receptor signaling pathway | |
| cross-receptor inhibition within G protein-coupled receptor heterodimer | |
| positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling. |
| cellular response to estradiol stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen. |
| G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process | |
| positive regulation of cAMP/PKA signal transduction | |
| amylin receptor 3 signaling pathway | |
| sinoatrial valve development | |
| cardiac right atrium morphogenesis | The process in which the right cardiac atrium is generated and organized. |
| cardiac pacemaker cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a pacemaker cell. Pacemaker cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that are responsible for regulating the timing of heart contractions. |
| sphingomyelin catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine. |
| antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II | The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. |
| L-cystine transport | The directed movement of L-cystine (also known as dicysteine) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| amino acid metabolic process | |
| regulation of melanin biosynthetic process | Any process that alters the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin. |
| DNA double-strand break processing | The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang. |
| protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere | A process that prevents non-homologous end joining at telomere, thereby ensuring that telomeres do not fuse. |
| telomeric 3' overhang formation | The formation of the single stranded telomeric 3' overhang, a conserved feature that ranges in length from 12 nt in budding yeast to approximately 500 nt in humans. |
| homologous recombination | |
| telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage | Any process that occur in response to the presence of critically short telomeres. |
| R-loop processing | |
| double-strand break repair via alternative nonhomologous end joining | An instance of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining that is independent of factors important for V(D)J recombination (as opposed to classical nonhomologous end joining). It often results in a deletion with microhomology (i.e. 5-25bp homology) at the repair junction. Among different subclasses of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), alternative NHEJ appears to play a significant role in the etiology of mutations that arise during cancer development and treatment. |
| DNA strand resection involved in replication fork processing | |
| negative regulation of telomere capping | |
| mRNA splice site recognition | |
| release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum | The process in which the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol occurs via calcium release channels. |
| negative regulation of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarization | Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in an atrial cardiomyocyte. |
| membrane depolarization during action potential | The process in which membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential. |
| membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential | The process in which cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential. |
| iron ion transmembrane transport | A process in which an iron ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| positive regulation of heme biosynthetic process | |
| iron-sulfur cluster export from the mitochondrion | |
| positive regulation of iron-sulfur cluster assembly | |
| melanocyte differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a melanocyte. |
| positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription initiation | |
| regulation of RNA biosynthetic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. |
| lamellipodium assembly involved in ameboidal cell migration | Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell that contributes to the directed self propelled movement of a cell. |
| extension of a leading process involved in cell motility in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration | The rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton that result in the extension of a leading process, where this process is involved in the movement of cells along radial glial cells. |
| negative regulation of neuron migration | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration. |
| regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel | |
| positive regulation of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential | |
| regulation of heart rate by chemical signal | The regulation of the rate of heart contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine. |
| regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity | Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase. |
| regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization | Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential in a ventricular cardiomyocyte. |
| regulation of cardiac muscle cell action potential | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a cardiac muscle cell. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. |
| postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton organization | |
| regulation of Rab protein signal transduction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rab protein signal transduction. |
| amyloid precursor protein metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease. |
| regulation of protein glycosylation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein glycosylation. Protein glycosylation is the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins. |
| behavioral response to acetic acid induced pain | |
| behavioral response to formalin induced pain | |
| granulocyte differentiation | The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a granulocyte. Granulocytes are a class of leukocytes characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. These cells are active in allergic immune reactions such as arthritic inflammation and rashes. This class includes basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils. |
| regulation of aerobic respiration | |
| regulation of actin filament depolymerization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the disassembly of actin filaments by the removal of actin monomers from a filament. |
| apical junction assembly | The formation of an apical junction, a functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens junction and the desmosomes, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents. |
| negative regulation of cell-substrate adhesion | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules. |
| negative regulation of ectodermal cell fate specification | Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into an ectoderm cell. |
| mesenchymal to epithelial transition | A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity, forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell. |
| negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation. |
| chemorepulsion involved in embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration | The creation and reception of signals that guide olfactory bulb interneuron precursors down concentration gradients towards the olfactory bulb. |
| negative chemotaxis | The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a chemical. |
| Roundabout signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a SLIT protein to a Roundabout (ROBO) family receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| response to cortisol | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisol stimulus. Cortisol is the major natural glucocorticoid synthesized in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex; it affects the metabolism of glucose, protein, and fats and has appreciable mineralocorticoid activity. It also regulates the immune system and affects many other functions. |
| apoptotic process involved in luteolysis | The apoptotic process that contributes to luteolysis. |
| negative regulation of axonogenesis | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis. |
| postsynaptic membrane assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic membrane, a specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). |
| presynaptic membrane assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a presynaptic membrane, a specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction. |
| positive regulation of presynaptic membrane organization | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic membrane organization. |
| regulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi | |
| regulation of endocytic recycling | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytic recycling. |
| regulation of innate immune response | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection. |
| positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division. |
| regulation of nervous system process | |
| positive regulation of connective tissue growth factor production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of connective tissue growth factor production. |
| negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide. |
| regulation of keratinocyte differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation. |
| regulation of stress fiber assembly | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts. |
| mRNA destabilization | Any process that decreases the stability of an mRNA molecule, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes. Messenger RNA is the intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. It includes UTR and coding sequences. It does not contain introns. |
| negative regulation of biomineral tissue development | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds. |
| cellular response to testosterone stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a testosterone stimulus. |
| response to transforming growth factor beta | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus. |
| positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor production | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the appearance of a fibroblast growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. |
| regulation of angiotensin-activated signaling pathway | |
| negative regulation of protein localization to lysosome | |
| regulation of cellular response to hypoxia | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hypoxia. |
| positive regulation of protein localization to early endosome | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to early endosome. |
| positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process. |
| cellular response to acetylcholine | |
| positive regulation of connective tissue replacement | |
| response to angiotensin | |
| regulation of gastrulation | Any process that modulates the rate or extent of gastrulation. Gastrulation is the complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. |
| regulation of axon extension | Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension. |
| regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule. |
| regulation of microtubule polymerization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization. |
| microtubule anchoring | Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell. |
| platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand to a beta-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFbeta) on the surface of a signal-receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| positive regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix. |
| presynaptic cytoskeleton organization | |
| positive regulation of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis | |
| tRNA 3'-end processing | The process in which the 3' end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA. |
| somite specification | The process in which individual somites establish identity during embryogenesis. |
| notochord development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the notochord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column. |
| collateral sprouting in absence of injury | The process in which outgrowths develop from the axons of intact undamaged neurons. |
| actin filament network formation | The assembly of a network of actin filaments; actin filaments on different axes and with differing orientations are crosslinked together to form a mesh of filaments. |
| positive regulation of dendrite development | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development. |
| ERBB2 signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a member of the ERBB family of receptors on the surface of a cell, where the signal is transmitted by ERBB2. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. ERBB2 receptors are themselves unable to bind to ligands, but act as a signal-amplifying tyrosine kinase within a heterodimeric pair. |
| positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation. |
| T follicular helper cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature T follicular helper cell. |
| negative regulation of actin filament polymerization | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization. |
| negative regulation of rDNA heterochromatin formation | |
| Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport | The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane. |
| early endosome to recycling endosome transport | The directed movement of substances, in membrane-bounded vesicles, from the early sorting endosomes to the recycling endosomes. |
| negative regulation of adiponectin secretion | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell. |
| regulation of early endosome to recycling endosome transport | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of early endosome to recycling endosome transport. |
| positive regulation of mitotic cytokinetic process | |
| regulation of protein localization to centrosome | |
| protein localization to cleavage furrow | |
| negative regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of EGF-activated receptor activity. |
| positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation. |
| negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation. |
| endosome organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of endosomes. |
| regulation of early endosome to late endosome transport | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of early endosome to late endosome transport. |
| positive regulation of MDA-5 signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MDA-5 signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of RIG-I signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RIG-I signaling pathway. |
| intermediate filament organization | Control of the spatial distribution of intermediate filaments; includes organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking. |
| negative regulation of inclusion body assembly | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of inclusion body assembly. Inclusion body assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inclusion body. |
| regulation of cellular response to heat | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to heat. |
| xylulose metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose. |
| xylulose catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose. |
| D-glucuronate catabolic process to D-xylulose 5-phosphate | |
| regulation of peroxisome size | Any process that modulates the volume of a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules. |
| glucose catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. |
| bone marrow development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bone marrow over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| retinal blood vessel morphogenesis | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| Norrin signaling pathway | |
| ubiquinone biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme. |
| regulation of D-glucose import | |
| intracellular protein transmembrane transport | The directed movement of proteins in a cell, from one side of a membrane to another by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| gliogenesis | The process that results in the generation of glial cells. This includes the production of glial progenitors and their differentiation into mature glia. |
| mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport | The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP, as it occurs in the mitochondrial inner membrane or chloroplast thylakoid membrane. |
| cellular response to oxygen levels | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of oxygen. |
| Cajal body organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of Cajal bodies, nuclear bodies that appear ultrastructurally as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter and are enriched in ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors. |
| regulation of myelination | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons. |
| positive regulation of RNA splicing | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing. |
| DNA endoreduplication | Regulated re-replication of DNA within a single cell cycle, resulting in an increased cell ploidy. An example of this process occurs in the synthesis of Drosophila salivary gland cell polytene chromosomes. |
| positive regulation of growth | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism. |
| axon development | The progression of an axon over time. Covers axonogenesis (de novo generation of an axon) and axon regeneration (regrowth), as well as processes pertaining to the progression of the axon over time (fasciculation and defasciculation). |
| pre-mRNA catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the unspliced pre-mRNA (pre-messenger RNA). |
| negative regulation of motor neuron apoptotic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron apoptotic process. |
| oxidative phosphorylation | The phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis. |
| positive regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity | |
| positive regulation of macrophage cytokine production | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. |
| regulation of dendritic spine development | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| dense core granule cytoskeletal transport | |
| negative regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling. |
| positive regulation of protein monoubiquitination | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein monoubiquitination. |
| protein lipidation | The covalent attachment of lipid groups to an amino acid in a protein. |
| lipoxygenase pathway | The chemical reactions and pathways by which an unsaturated fatty acid (such as arachidonic acid or linolenic acid) is converted to other compounds, and in which the first step is hydroperoxide formation catalyzed by lipoxygenase. |
| positive regulation of mucus secretion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue. |
| regulatory ncRNA-mediated gene silencing | |
| piRNA processing | |
| transposable element silencing by piRNA-mediated DNA methylation | |
| cellular response to increased oxygen levels | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting an increase in the level of oxygen. |
| endosome to lysosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway | The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes by a pathway in which molecules are sorted into multivesicular bodies, which then fuse with the lysosome. |
| protein depolymerization | The process in which protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers, are broken down. Depolymerization occurs by the successive removal of monomers from an existing poly- or oligomeric protein. |
| late endosome to lysosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway | |
| ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation. This process is independent of ubiquitination. |
| positive regulation of centriole elongation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centriole elongation. |
| dolichol-linked oligosaccharide biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharide, usually by a stepwise addition of glycosyl chains to endoplasmic reticulum membrane-bound dolichol-P. |
| UDP-alpha-D-glucose metabolic process | |
| protein N-linked glycosylation | A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via the N4 atom of peptidyl-asparagine, the omega-N of arginine, or the N1' atom peptidyl-tryptophan. |
| UDP catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP, uridine (5'-)diphosphate. |
| myelination | The process in which myelin sheaths are formed and maintained around neurons. Oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system wrap axons with compact layers of their plasma membrane. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. |
| positive regulation of establishment of protein localization | |
| regulation of diacylglycerol biosynthetic process | |
| regulation of rDNA heterochromatin formation | |
| sex-chromosome dosage compensation | |
| regulation of oxidative phosphorylation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis. |
| positive regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion | Any process that increases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a mitotic cell cycle. |
| epigenetic regulation of gene expression | |
| establishment of protein localization to chromatin | The directed movement of a protein to a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin. |
| negative regulation of transcription of nucleolar large rRNA by RNA polymerase I | |
| regulation of NAD metabolic process | |
| negative regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle G2/M phase transition. |
| regulation of response to oxidative stress | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to oxidative stress. |
| negative regulation of response to oxidative stress | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to oxidative stress. |
| positive regulation of response to oxidative stress | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to oxidative stress. |
| positive regulation of endodermal cell differentiation | |
| negative regulation of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region | |
| positive regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation | |
| locomotor rhythm | The rhythm of the locomotor activity of an organism during its 24 hour activity cycle. |
| SNARE complex assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a SNARE complex, a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers. |
| protein import into peroxisome matrix, docking | The process in which a complex formed of a peroxisome targeting sequence (PTS) receptor bound to a PTS-bearing protein docks with translocation machinery in the preoxisomal membrane. |
| protein import into peroxisome matrix, translocation | The process in which proteins are moved across the peroxisomal membrane into the matrix. It is likely that the peroxisome targeting sequence receptor remains associated with cargo proteins during translocation. |
| peroxisome transport along microtubule | The directed movement of a peroxisome along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. |
| positive regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of amino acid transport | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| negative regulation of L-leucine import across plasma membrane | |
| amino acid transport | The directed movement of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| neutral amino acid transport | The directed movement of neutral amino acids, amino acids with no net charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| isoleucine transport | |
| L-leucine transport | |
| L-valine transmembrane transport | |
| regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation. |
| embryonic skeletal system development | The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| DNA replication checkpoint signaling | |
| membrane raft assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane raft, a small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalizes cellular processes. |
| positive regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor signaling pathway. |
| mitochondrial transport | Transport of substances into, out of or within a mitochondrion. |
| protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane | |
| protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion | The cleavage of peptide bonds in proteins, usually near the N terminus, contributing to the process of import into the mitochondrion. Several different peptidases mediate cleavage of proteins destined for different mitochondrial compartments. |
| mitochondrial calcium ion transmembrane transport | |
| megakaryocyte differentiation | The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of a megakaryocyte. |
| hair cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hair cell. |
| maintenance of animal organ identity | |
| sensory perception of light stimulus | The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory light stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. |
| inner ear receptor cell differentiation | The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of inner ear receptor cells. Inner ear receptor cells are mechanorecptors found in the inner ear responsible for transducing signals involved in balance and sensory perception of sound. |
| cytoplasmic microtubule organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cytoplasm of a cell. |
| endothelial cell proliferation | The multiplication or reproduction of endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Endothelial cells are thin flattened cells which line the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium. |
| mRNA catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes. |
| peptidyl-serine autophosphorylation | The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own serine amino acid residues, or a serine residue on an identical protein. |
| IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response | |
| mRNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation | Splicing of mRNA substrates via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons. |
| positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. |
| insulin metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving insulin. |
| positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation | |
| peptidyl-serine trans-autophosphorylation | The phosphorylation of a peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine on an identical protein. For example, phosphorylation by the other kinase within a homodimer. |
| cell surface receptor signaling pathway via STAT | |
| regulation of protein export from nucleus | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. |
| mRNA 5'-splice site recognition | Recognition of the intron 5'-splice site by components of the assembling spliceosome. |
| negative regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids. |
| regulation of embryonic development | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. |
| regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism. |
| negative regulation of DNA replication | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication. |
| positive regulation of chromatin binding | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase. |
| negative regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication | |
| signal peptide processing | The proteolytic removal of a signal peptide from a protein during or after transport to a specific location in the cell. |
| lysosomal lumen acidification | Any process that reduces the pH of the lysosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. |
| positive regulation of GTP binding | |
| B cell apoptotic process | Any apoptotic process in a B cell, a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity. |
| negative regulation of myelination | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons. |
| negative regulation of interleukin-5 production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-5 production. |
| negative regulation of T cell proliferation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of T cell proliferation. |
| oligodendrocyte apoptotic process | Any apoptotic process in an oligodendrocyte. Oligodendrocytes belong to a class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, where they form the insulating myelin sheath of axons. |
| regulation of somatic stem cell population maintenance | |
| mitotic nuclear membrane reassembly | |
| negative regulation of protein ADP-ribosylation | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein ADP-ribosylation. Protein ADP-ribosylation is the transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids. |
| nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, no-go decay | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA with stalls in translation elongation. |
| reelin-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of reelin (a secreted glycoprotein) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome | The joining together, after removal of an intervening sequence composed of one or more introns, of two segments of the same RNA molecule via spliceosomal catalysis to produce an mRNA composed only of exon sequences that all came from the same primary transcript. |
| pre-miRNA processing | Any process involved in the conversion of a pre-microRNA transcript into a mature microRNA molecule. |
| miRNA processing | |
| RISC complex assembly | |
| mitochondrial translational termination | The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome in a mitochondrion, usually in response to a termination codon (note that mitochondria use variants of the universal genetic code that differ between different taxa). |
| neural crest cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neural crest cell. |
| negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process. |
| cellular response to cholesterol | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus. |
| positive regulation of CREB transcription factor activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor CREB. |
| central nervous system projection neuron axonogenesis | Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells in a different central nervous system region. |
| neuromuscular process | Any process pertaining to the functions of the nervous and muscular systems of an organism. |
| regulation of axon guidance | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon guidance. |
| secondary heart field specification | The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract). |
| determination of left/right asymmetry in lateral mesoderm | The establishment of the lateral mesoderm with respect to the left and right halves. |
| cardiac right ventricle morphogenesis | The process in which the right cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. |
| ventricular trabecula myocardium morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized. |
| nodal signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a nodal protein to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| detection of bacterium | The series of events in which a stimulus from a bacterium is received and converted into a molecular signal. |
| intracellular phosphate ion homeostasis | |
| protein depalmitoylation | The removal of palymitoyl groups from a lipoprotein. |
| negative regulation of aggrephagy | |
| ribosomal small subunit assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form the small ribosomal subunit. |
| regulation of natural killer cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation. |
| regulation of extrathymic T cell differentiation | |
| regulation of NK T cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell differentiation. |
| negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. |
| cis assembly of pre-catalytic spliceosome | Assembly of a spliceosomal complex containing the intact pre-mRNA and all of the spliceosomal snRNPs. This occurs when the tri-snRNP associates with the pre-mRNA and associated snRNPs in an ATP-dependent manner. |
| spliceosome conformational change to release U4 (or U4atac) and U1 (or U11) | |
| epithelial cilium movement involved in determination of left/right asymmetry | The movement of cilia of epithelial cells resulting in the transport of signals which determine asymmetry in an organism's body plan with respect to the left and right halves. |
| regulation of DNA biosynthetic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process. |
| positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues. |
| activation of protein kinase activity | Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive protein kinase. |
| negative regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle | Any cell cycle regulatory process that decreases the rate or extent of progression of a cell from G2 to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. |
| N-terminal protein myristoylation | The covalent attachment of a myristoyl group to the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein. |
| negative regulation of interferon-beta production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-beta production. |
| endonucleolytic cleavage in ITS1 to separate SSU-rRNA from 5.8S rRNA and LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) | Endonucleolytic cleavage between the SSU-rRNA and the 5.8S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. |
| endonucleolytic cleavage to generate mature 5'-end of SSU-rRNA from (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) | Endonucleolytic cleavage between the 5'-External Transcribed Spacer (5'-ETS) and the 5' end of the SSU-rRNA of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript, to produce the mature end of the SSU-rRNA. |
| endonucleolytic cleavage in 5'-ETS of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) | Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 5'-External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 5'-ETS of the pre-RNA is conserved as one of the early steps of rRNA processing in all eukaryotes, but the specific position of cleavage is variable. |
| negative regulation of post-translational protein modification | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-translational protein modification. |
| aspartate transmembrane transport | |
| malate-aspartate shuttle | The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise malate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to oxaloacetate using NADH, the oxaloacetate reacts with gluamate to form aspartate, and the aspartate then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle. |
| phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, a phosphatidylinositol monophosphate carrying the phosphate group at the 3-position. |
| histamine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans. |
| epinephrine uptake | |
| cellular response to food | |
| negative regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. |
| angiotensin maturation | The process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of angiotensin by conversion of renin substrate into mature angiotensin in the blood. |
| central nervous system maturation | |
| rostrocaudal neural tube patterning | The process in which the neural tube is divided into specific regions along the rostrocaudal axis. |
| positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta1. |
| endosomal lumen acidification | Any process that reduces the pH of the endosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. |
| Golgi lumen acidification | |
| eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex assembly | |
| positive regulation of motile cilium assembly | |
| regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress | |
| regulation of translational initiation in response to stress | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. |
| protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| positive regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator. |
| negative regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response | |
| endothelin receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by an endothelin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, and proceeding with the activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| tRNA 5'-leader removal | Generation of the mature 5'-end of the tRNA, usually via an endonucleolytic cleavage by RNase P. |
| proteoglycan metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans. |
| positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity. |
| cellular response to ATP | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) stimulus. |
| regulation of epidermal cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation. |
| negative regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin that contributes to the response of a cell to glucose. |
| negative regulation of adipose tissue development | |
| regulation of defense response to virus | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the antiviral response of a cell or organism. |
| cholesterol biosynthetic process via desmosterol | |
| cholesterol biosynthetic process via lathosterol | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, via the intermediate lathosterol. |
| negative regulation of ferroptosis | |
| isocitrate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving isocitrate, the anion of isocitric acid, 1-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid. Isocitrate is an important intermediate in the TCA cycle and the glycoxylate cycle. |
| sterol metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule. |
| positive regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgA isotypes. |
| NADPH regeneration | A metabolic process that generates a pool of NADPH by the reduction of NADP+. |
| 10-formyltetrahydrofolate catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate. |
| negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity. |
| neuron-glial cell signaling | |
| triglyceride biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. |
| monoacylglycerol biosynthetic process | |
| triglyceride metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. The three fatty acid residues may all be the same or differ in any permutation. Triglycerides are important components of plant oils, animal fats and animal plasma lipoproteins. |
| very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly | The aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids in the liver to form a very-low-density lipoprotein particle. |
| long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs have chain lengths of C13 or more. |
| diacylglycerol metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving diacylglycerol, a glyceride in which any two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group. |
| macrophage derived foam cell differentiation | The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions. |
| intestinal cholesterol absorption | Uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the small intestine. |
| retinol metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinol, one of the three compounds that makes up vitamin A. |
| lipid phosphorylation | The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a lipid, any member of a group of substances soluble in lipid solvents but only sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. |
| negative regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane | |
| negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. |
| monocyte activation involved in immune response | |
| macrophage activation involved in immune response | A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. |
| positive regulation of protein sumoylation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO groups to a protein. |
| cytoskeleton-dependent cytokinesis | A cytokinesis that involves the function of a set of proteins that are part of the microfilament or microtubule cytoskeleton. |
| carnitine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane. |
| mitotic intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling | |
| proton motive force-driven ATP synthesis | |
| epithelial cilium movement involved in extracellular fluid movement | |
| regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. |
| plasma membrane raft organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of plasma membrane rafts. |
| regulation of receptor internalization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization. |
| positive regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine. |
| dsRNA transport | The directed movement of dsRNA, double-stranded ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion. |
| plasma membrane raft assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a plasma membrane raft. |
| positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle tissue development. |
| regulation of neurotransmitter uptake | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a neuron or glial cell. |
| positive regulation of cell junction assembly | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell junction assembly. |
| regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. |
| regulation of stem cell division | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell division. |
| cell surface receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway | |
| postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission | |
| snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III | |
| negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division. |
| ER overload response | The series of molecular signals generated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and leading to activation of transcription by NF-kappaB. |
| negative regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. |
| negative regulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response | |
| negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process. |
| proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process | |
| regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity. |
| positive regulation of Rac protein signal transduction | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction. |
| regulation of dendrite development | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development. |
| regulation of postsynapse organization | |
| cardiac muscle thin filament assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in cardiac muscle. |
| positive regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity | A process that increases long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers. |
| positive regulation of synapse maturation | Any process that increases the extent of synapse maturation, the process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state. |
| response to ionizing radiation | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays. |
| sperm DNA condensation | |
| isotype switching | The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of other isotypes of immunoglobulin, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion involving switch regions that reside 5' of each constant region gene segment in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. |
| apoptotic DNA fragmentation | The cleavage of DNA during apoptosis, which usually occurs in two stages: cleavage into fragments of about 50 kbp followed by cleavage between nucleosomes to yield 200 bp fragments. |
| DNA catabolic process | The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the breakdown of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long unbranched macromolecule formed from one or two strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides, the 3'-phosphate group of each constituent deoxyribonucleotide being joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose moiety of the next one. |
| apoptotic chromosome condensation | The compaction of chromatin during apoptosis. |
| (R)-carnitine transport | |
| response to symbiotic bacterium | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiotic bacterium, a bacterium living in close physical association with another organism. |
| carnitine transport | The directed movement of carnitine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carnitine is a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane. |
| positive regulation of intestinal epithelial structure maintenance | Any process the increases the rate, frequency or extent of intestinal epithelial structure maintenance, a tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of the structure of the intestinal epithelium. |
| sodium-dependent organic cation transport | The directed, sodium-dependent, movement of organic cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport | |
| cGMP metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate. |
| transepithelial chloride transport | The directed movement of chloride ions from one side of an epithelium to the other. |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion, neurotransmission | |
| regulation of antigen processing and presentation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation. |
| lysosomal protein catabolic process | |
| RNA destabilization | Any process that decreases the stability of an RNA molecule, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes. |
| nuclear mRNA surveillance | The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant mRNAs within the nucleus. |
| nucleic acid metabolic process | Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids. |
| NAD-cap decapping | |
| response to purine-containing compound | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purine-containing compound stimulus. |
| regulation of filopodium assembly | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone. |
| cellular response to temperature stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus. |
| dendritic cell differentiation | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell. A dendritic cell is a leukocyte of dendritic lineage specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation. |
| citrulline metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins. |
| regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure | The process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure. |
| arginine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid. |
| nitric oxide mediated signal transduction | Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via nitric oxide (NO). Includes synthesis of nitric oxide, receptors/sensors for nitric oxide (such as soluble guanylyl cyclase/sGC) and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. Nitric oxide transmits its downstream effects through either cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent or independent mechanisms. |
| nitric oxide metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water. |
| negative regulation of cellular response to hypoxia | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hypoxia. |
| telomeric D-loop disassembly | |
| mitotic DNA-templated DNA replication | |
| negative regulation of phosphatase activity | Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of phosphatase activity. Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate. |
| cellular response to steroid hormone stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus. |
| chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin sulfates are a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues; the repeat units consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate. |
| dermatan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are dermatan sulfate (chondroitin sulfate B). Dermatan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units. |
| positive regulation of catalytic activity | Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme. |
| regulation of cell fate specification | Any process that mediates the adoption of a specific fate by a cell. |
| regulation of stem cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation. |
| urea transport | The directed movement of urea into, out of or within the cell. Urea is the water-soluble compound H2N-CO-NH2. |
| methylammonium transport | |
| transepithelial water transport | The directed movement of water (H2O) from one side of an epithelium to the other. |
| ammonium transmembrane transport | The directed movement of ammonium across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Ammonium is the cation NH4+. |
| ammonium import across plasma membrane | |
| monoubiquitinated protein deubiquitination | The removal of the ubiquitin group from a monoubiquitinated protein. |
| positive regulation of error-prone translesion synthesis | |
| retinoic acid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A. |
| vitamin A metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid, all of which are derivatives of beta-carotene. |
| response to cytokine | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus. |
| regulation of lymphocyte migration | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte migration. |
| fructose 6-phosphate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 6-phosphate, also known as F6P. The D-enantiomer is an important intermediate in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and fructose metabolism. |
| UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. |
| energy reserve metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from stored compounds such as fats or glycogen. |
| oligodendrocyte development | The process aimed at the progression of an oligodendrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons in the central nervous system. |
| astral microtubule organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of astral microtubules, any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles. |
| positive regulation of protein polymerization | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers. |
| myelin assembly | The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon in the central or peripheral nervous system. |
| oligodendrocyte differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oligodendrocyte. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons of neurons in the central nervous system. |
| microtubule nucleation by microtubule organizing center | |
| negative regulation of tubulin deacetylation | |
| positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter. |
| regulation of dense core granule exocytosis | |
| dense core granule maturation | Steps required to transform a dense core granule generated at the trans-Golgi network into a fully formed and transmissible dense core granule. Dense core granule maturation proceeds through clathrin-mediated membrane remodeling events and is essential for efficient processing of cargo within dense core granules as well as for removing factors that might otherwise interfere with dense core granule trafficking and exocytosis. |
| negative regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis. |
| negative regulation of lamellipodium assembly | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell. |
| negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration. |
| chemorepulsion involved in postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration | The creation and reception of signals that repel olfactory bulb interneurons from the subventricular zone as a component process in tangential migration. |
| corticospinal neuron axon guidance through spinal cord | The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after decussation through the spinal cord in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. |
| induction of negative chemotaxis | Any process that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical. |
| negative regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction. |
| cellular response to heparin | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heparin stimulus. |
| negative regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis. |
| negative regulation of mononuclear cell migration | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body. |
| negative regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophil chemotaxis is the directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding. |
| negative regulation of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance, the process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. |
| regulation of autophagosome maturation | |
| positive regulation of viral translation | |
| lysosomal membrane organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lysosomal membrane. A lysosomal membrane is the lipid bilayer surrounding the lysosome and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm. |
| protein import into mitochondrial matrix | The import of proteins across the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes into the matrix. Unfolded proteins enter the mitochondrial matrix with a chaperone protein; the information required to target the precursor protein from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix is contained within its N-terminal matrix-targeting sequence. Translocation of precursors to the matrix occurs at the rare sites where the outer and inner membranes are close together. |
| sulfur oxidation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting the addition of oxygen to elemental sulfur. |
| actin filament depolymerization | Disassembly of actin filaments by the removal of actin monomers from a filament. |
| maintenance of protein location in nucleus | Any process in which a protein is maintained in the nucleus and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the nucleus, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the nucleus. |
| positive regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation. |
| protein ufmylation | Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein UFM1 to another protein. |
| negative regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell | |
| regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of T cell activation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. |
| hematopoietic stem cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hematopoietic stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. |
| reticulophagy | |
| positive regulation of reticulophagy | |
| positive regulation of proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process | |
| negative regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response | |
| protein K69-linked ufmylation | |
| cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development | The growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state. |
| endosome membrane tubulation | |
| endosome fission | |
| germinal center B cell differentiation | The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a germinal center B cell. Germinal center B cells are rapidly cycling B cells which have downregulated IgD expression and exhibit high levels of binding by peanut agglutinin (PNA). |
| mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development | The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population that contributes to the progression of the lung over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. |
| negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. |
| negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide. |
| regulation of protein K63-linked ubiquitination | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein K63-linked ubiquitination. |
| regulation of protein autoubiquitination | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein autoubiquitination. |
| regulation of epithelial cell migration | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration. |
| surfactant secretion | |
| neuron remodeling | The developmentally regulated remodeling of neuronal projections such as pruning to eliminate the extra dendrites and axons projections set up in early stages of nervous system development. |
| regulation of integrin activation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation. |
| positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle phase transition. |
| CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell lineage commitment | The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell. |
| NK T cell lineage commitment | |
| CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment | The process in which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell. |
| CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment | The process in which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell. |
| regulation of positive thymic T cell selection | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of positive thymic T cell selection. |
| nuclear matrix anchoring at nuclear membrane | The process in which the nuclear matrix, the dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane, is directly or indirectly linked to the nuclear membrane. |
| spliceosomal complex assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a spliceosomal complex, a ribonucleoprotein apparatus that catalyzes nuclear mRNA splicing via transesterification reactions. |
| heart induction | |
| endocardial cushion development | The progression of a cardiac cushion over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. |
| negative regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate specification. |
| regulation of endodermal cell fate specification | Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into an endoderm cell. |
| positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway | |
| synapse pruning | |
| regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation | |
| negative regulation of Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly | |
| positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway. |
| sphingomyelin biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine. |
| positive regulation of cholesterol efflux | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle. |
| termination of RNA polymerase II transcription | The process in which the synthesis of an RNA molecule by RNA polymerase II using a DNA template is completed. |
| cellular hyperosmotic response | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell. |
| positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell | |
| heparin proteoglycan biosynthetic process | |
| glutamate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid. |
| glutamine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid. |
| intracellular glutamate homeostasis | |
| regulation of microtubule nucleation | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of microtubule nucleation. Microtubule nucleation is the 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule. Microtubule nucleation usually occurs from a specific site within a cell. |
| synaptic membrane adhesion | |
| heme catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring. |
| sodium-independent organic anion transport | The directed, sodium-independent, movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development. |
| positive regulation of cell cycle process | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. |
| regulation of ERAD pathway | |
| negative regulation of centriole replication | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of centriole replication. |
| postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalization | |
| negative regulation of synapse maturation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse maturation. |
| response to corticosteroid | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosteroid hormone stimulus. A corticosteroid is a steroid hormone that is produced in the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiologic systems such as stress response, immune response and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior. They include glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. |
| proacrosomal vesicle fusion | |
| uridine catabolic process | |
| dCMP catabolic process | |
| uridine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving uridine, uracil riboside, a ribonucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids. |
| neuronal action potential | An action potential that occurs in a neuron. |
| detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch | The series of events involved in the perception of touch in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. |
| cellular response to arachidonate | |
| heterochromatin boundary formation | |
| progesterone receptor signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a progesterone binding to its receptor. |
| cytoplasm protein quality control by the ubiquitin-proteasome system | |
| nuclear protein quality control by the ubiquitin-proteasome system | |
| cytoplasm protein quality control | |
| protein branched polyubiquitination | |
| negative regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled | |
| protein localization to phagophore assembly site | |
| mitochondrial membrane organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrial membrane, either of the lipid bilayer surrounding a mitochondrion. |
| negative regulation of Ras protein signal transduction | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction. |
| negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation. |
| RNA import into nucleus | The import of RNA from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. |
| regulation of neurotransmitter secretion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell. |
| granzyme-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals induced by granzymes which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a granzyme signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. Granzymes are serine proteases that are secreted by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells to induce apoptosis in target cells. |
| tRNA wobble uridine modification | The process in which a uridine in position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified. |
| positive regulation of protein K48-linked ubiquitination | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein K48-linked ubiquitination. |
| aldosterone biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone, a corticosteroid hormone that is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance. |
| cortisol biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cortisol, the steroid hormone 11-beta-17,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. Cortisol is synthesized from cholesterol in the adrenal gland and controls carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and has anti-inflammatory properties. |
| cellular response to potassium ion | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a potassium ion stimulus. |
| chemorepulsion of axon | The process in which a neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue. |
| dorsal root ganglion development | |
| polyamine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups. |
| glial cell projection elongation | |
| endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network. The ER tubular network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with high curvature in cross-section. |
| endoplasmic reticulum tubular network formation | |
| positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of hydrogen peroxide biosynthesis. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA. |
| mitochondrial calcium ion homeostasis | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the cytoplasm of a cell or between mitochondria and their surroundings. |
| negative regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration | Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in mitochondria. |
| calcium export from the mitochondrion | |
| mitochondrial potassium ion transmembrane transport | |
| regulation of cellular hyperosmotic salinity response | |
| negative regulation of sprouting angiogenesis | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting angiogenesis. |
| glycogen catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. |
| glycophagy | |
| positive regulation of histamine secretion by mast cell | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histamine secretion by mast cell. |
| positive regulation of autophagosome assembly | |
| homologous chromosome orientation in meiotic metaphase I | |
| regulation of meiosis I spindle assembly checkpoint | |
| internal peptidyl-lysine acetylation | The addition of an acetyl group to a non-terminal lysine residue in a protein. |
| stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade | A series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade relays one or more of the signals. |
| response to sorbitol | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sorbitol stimulus. |
| response to hydroxyurea | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyurea stimulus. |
| response to actinomycin D | |
| response to dithiothreitol | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dithiothreitol stimulus. |
| DNA replication-dependent chromatin disassembly | |
| positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation. |
| phosphate ion homeostasis | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of phosphate ions within an organism or cell. |
| interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-18 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| protein arginylation | The conjugation of arginine to the N-terminal aspartate or glutamate of a protein; required for the degradation of the protein via the ubiquitin pathway. |
| B cell proliferation | The expansion of a B cell population by cell division. Follows B cell activation. |
| regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase. |
| protein poly-ADP-ribosylation | The transfer of multiple ADP-ribose residues from NAD to a protein amino acid, forming a poly(ADP-ribose) chain. |
| protein auto-ADP-ribosylation | The ADP-ribosylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein. |
| positive regulation of telomere capping | |
| negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening | |
| positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening | |
| negative regulation of telomeric DNA binding | |
| negative regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric | |
| glycogen metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues in alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha-(1->6) glycosidic linkages. |
| dephosphorylation | The process of removing one or more phosphoric (ester or anhydride) residues from a molecule. |
| negative regulation of dephosphorylation | Any process the stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a molecule. |
| potassium ion export across plasma membrane | The directed movement of potassium ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region. |
| positive regulation by host of viral genome replication | A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication. |
| modulation by host of viral RNA genome replication | |
| negative regulation by virus of viral protein levels in host cell | Any process where the infecting virus reduces the levels of viral proteins in a cell. |
| COPII-coated vesicle budding | The evagination of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane, resulting in formation of a COPII-coated vesicle. |
| positive regulation of dendrite extension | |
| regulation of protein binding | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. |
| regulation of endosome size | Any process that modulates the volume of an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis. |
| regulation of lysosome size | |
| organelle transport along microtubule | The directed movement of an organelle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination. |
| positive regulation of late endosome to lysosome transport | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of late endosome to lysosome transport. |
| pentose-phosphate shunt | The process in which glucose is oxidized, coupled to NADPH synthesis. Glucose 6-P is oxidized with the formation of carbon dioxide (CO2), ribulose 5-phosphate and reduced NADP; ribulose 5-P then enters a series of reactions interconverting sugar phosphates. The pentose phosphate pathway is a major source of reducing equivalents for biosynthesis reactions and is also important for the conversion of hexoses to pentoses. |
| canalicular bile acid transport | Catalysis of the transfer of bile acid from one side of a hepatocyte plasma membrane into a bile canaliculus. Bile canaliculi are the thin tubes formed by hepatocyte membranes. Bile acids are any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. |
| regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid bbeta-oxidation. |
| positive regulation of bile acid secretion | |
| regulation of bile acid metabolic process | |
| epithelial cell maturation | The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. |
| optic vesicle morphogenesis | The developmental process pertaining to the formation and shaping of the optic vesicle. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup. |
| proximal/distal axis specification | The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from main body (proximal end) of an organism outward (distal end). |
| neuroblast differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroblast. There are at least four stages through which the pluripotent cells of epiblast or blastula become neuroblasts. |
| forebrain dorsal/ventral pattern formation | The formation of specific regional progenitor domains along the dorsal-ventral axis in the developing forebrain. |
| telencephalon regionalization | The regionalization process that creates areas within the forebrain that will direct the behavior of cell migration in differentiation as the telencephalon develops. |
| pituitary gland development | The progression of the pituitary gland over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands. |
| regulation of neural retina development | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of neural retina development, the progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells. |
| lens fiber cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lens fiber cell, any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in the camera-type eye. The cytoplasm of a lens fiber cell is devoid of most intracellular organelles including the cell nucleus, and contains primarily crystallins, a group of water-soluble proteins expressed in vary large quantities. |
| neuroblast migration | The orderly movement of a neuroblast from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism or multicellular structure. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron. |
| regulation of cell cycle phase transition | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle phase transition. |
| regulation of neuroblast proliferation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast proliferation. |
| lens fiber cell apoptotic process | Any apoptotic process in a lens fiber cell. Lens fiber cells are elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye. |
| regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation. |
| mitotic chromosome condensation | The cell cycle process in which chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells. |
| positive regulation of chromosome segregation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. |
| positive regulation of chromosome condensation | |
| positive regulation of protein modification process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. |
| cellular response to hyperoxia | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating increased oxygen tension. |
| positive regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity. |
| response to growth hormone | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth hormone stimulus. Growth hormone is a peptide hormone that binds to the growth hormone receptor and stimulates growth. |
| phenylalanyl-tRNA aminoacylation | The process of coupling phenylalanine to phenylalanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. |
| tRNA processing | The process in which a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to a mature tRNA, ready for addition of an aminoacyl group. |
| double-strand break repair via classical nonhomologous end joining | An instance of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining that requires a number of factors important for V(D)J recombination, including the KU70/80 heterodimer (KU), XRCC4, ligase IV, and DNA-PKcs in mammals. It does not produce translocations (as opposed to the alternative nonhomologous end joining). |
| regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding. |
| acylglycerol catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acylglycerol, any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids. |
| prostaglandin catabolic process | |
| positive regulation of odontoblast differentiation | |
| regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential | Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across the mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. |
| regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process. |
| activin receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| mRNA 3'-splice site recognition | Recognition of the intron 3'-splice site by components of the assembling U2- or U12-type spliceosome. |
| atrial cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structure of cardiac atrium muscle is generated and organized. |
| cardiac muscle cell proliferation | The expansion of a cardiac muscle cell population by cell division. |
| positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of sarcomere organization | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. |
| heart trabecula formation | The process of creating a trabecula in the heart. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod. |
| regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress. |
| positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis. |
| glucosamine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin. |
| Mo-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands. |
| tRNA thio-modification | The addition a sulfur atom to a nucleotide in a tRNA molecule. |
| molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands. |
| Rap protein signal transduction | A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rap family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state. |
| negative regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells. |
| positive regulation of protein export from nucleus | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. |
| positive regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells. |
| negative regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to mitochondrion. |
| maintenance of unfolded protein | |
| high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling | The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a high-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters from LDL to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride to LDL. |
| high-density lipoprotein particle assembly | The aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids to form a high-density lipoprotein particle. |
| negative regulation of plasma lipoprotein oxidation | |
| reverse cholesterol transport | The directed movement of peripheral cell cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, towards the liver for catabolism. |
| gap junction assembly | Assembly of gap junctions, which are found in most animal tissues, and serve as direct connections between the cytoplasms of adjacent cells. They provide open channels through the plasma membrane, allowing ions and small molecules (less than approximately a thousand daltons) to diffuse freely between neighboring cells, but preventing the passage of proteins and nucleic acids. |
| box H/ACA sno(s)RNA 3'-end processing | |
| RNA modification | The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an RNA molecule to produce an RNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically. |
| miRNA catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of miRNA, microRNA, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21-23 nucleotides in length, which regulates gene expression. |
| poly(A)-dependent snoRNA 3'-end processing | |
| lncRNA processing | |
| glycoprotein biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. |
| cortical actin cytoskeleton organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of actin-based cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane. |
| protein secretion | The controlled release of proteins from a cell. |
| negative regulation of multicellular organism growth | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size. |
| response to parathyroid hormone | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a parathyroid hormone stimulus. |
| mitotic nuclear membrane disassembly | |
| positive regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. |
| negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions. |
| negative regulation of cholesterol storage | Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. |
| signal release | The process in which a signal is secreted or discharged into the extracellular medium from a cellular source. |
| phospholipid efflux | The directed movement of a phospholipid out of a cell or organelle. |
| cellular response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus. |
| regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle assembly | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of high-density lipoprotein particle assembly. High-density lipoprotein particle assembly is the aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids to form a high-density lipoprotein particle. |
| positive regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle assembly | Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of high-density lipoprotein particle assembly. High-density lipoprotein particle assembly is the aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids to form a high-density lipoprotein particle. |
| pentose-phosphate shunt, oxidative branch | The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which involves the oxidation of glucose 6-P and produces ribulose 5-P, reduced NADP+ and carbon dioxide (CO2). |
| regulation of cortisol biosynthetic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cortisol biosynthetic process. |
| acute inflammatory response | Inflammation which comprises a rapid, short-lived, relatively uniform response to acute injury or antigenic challenge and is characterized by accumulations of fluid, plasma proteins, and granulocytic leukocytes. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response. |
| pantothenate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid, the amide of beta-alanine and pantoic acid. It is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods. |
| positive regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of integrin-mediated signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of connective tissue growth factor production | |
| skin development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue. |
| artery development | The progression of the artery over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. An artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to a capillary bed. |
| negative regulation of proteoglycan biosynthetic process | |
| positive regulation of proteoglycan biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans. |
| galactose transmembrane transport | |
| dehydroascorbic acid transport | The directed movement of dehydroascorbate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Dehydroascorbate, 5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)furan-2,3,4(5H)-trione, is an oxidized form of vitamin C. |
| D-glucose import across plasma membrane | |
| D-glucose transmembrane transport | |
| phosphorylation | The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide. |
| mitochondrial pyruvate transmembrane transport | |
| regulation of translational elongation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or accuracy of translational elongation. |
| regulation of ribosome biogenesis | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biogenesis is the cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits. |
| regulation of rRNA processing | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rRNA processing. |
| hydrogen sulfide metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen sulfide, H2S. |
| positive regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. |
| positive regulation of secretion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. |
| positive regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process. |
| negative regulation of protein localization to nucleolus | |
| regulation of double-strand break repair | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair. |
| tRNA dihydrouridine synthesis | The process whereby a uridine in a transfer RNA is converted to dihydrouridine. |
| regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin that contributes to the response of a cell to glucose. |
| regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation. |
| hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation | The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells. |
| positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell. |
| negative regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor serine/threonine kinase binding to its physiological ligand. |
| negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation | |
| genomic imprinting | |
| sensory perception | The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. |
| phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylglycerols, any of a class of phospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of glycerol. |
| CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate. |
| regulation of hemopoiesis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. |
| positive regulation of regulated secretory pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of regulated secretory pathway. |
| embryonic placenta development | The embryonically driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin. |
| negative regulation of stem cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation. |
| autophagosome membrane docking | |
| T cell mediated cytotoxicity | The directed killing of a target cell by a T cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors. |
| detection of tumor cell | The series of events in which a stimulus from a tumor cell is received and converted into a molecular signal. |
| positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target. |
| regulation of T cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation. |
| lymphocyte migration into lymphoid organs | The movement of a lymphocyte within the lymphatic system into lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, spleen or Peyer's patches, and its subsequent positioning within defined functional compartments such as sites of cell activation by antigen. |
| regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation. |
| osmosensory signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals initiated in response to osmotic change. |
| chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 signaling pathway | |
| negative regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids. |
| negative regulation of RNA splicing | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing. |
| blood circulation | The flow of blood through the body of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products. |
| positive regulation of cellular defense response | |
| negative regulation of macrophage proliferation | |
| positive regulation of CD86 production | |
| positive regulation of CD80 production | |
| antibacterial innate immune response | |
| vesicle tethering to endoplasmic reticulum | |
| negative regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process. |
| positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production | |
| positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production. |
| regulation of type III interferon production | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type III interferon production. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far. |
| RIG-I signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) RIG-1 (also known as DDX58) binding to viral RNA. RIG-I detects RNA synthesized during active viral replication and triggers a signaling pathway to protect the host against viral infection, for example by inducing the expression of antiviral cytokines. |
| positive regulation of response to cytokine stimulus | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus. |
| lncRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing | |
| positive regulation by virus of viral protein levels in host cell | Any process where the infecting virus increases the levels of viral proteins in a cell. |
| heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, chain elongation | |
| plasma membrane tubulation | |
| gastrulation | A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. |
| anterior/posterior axis specification | The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism. |
| sequestering of BMP in extracellular matrix | Confining a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) to the extracellular matrix (ECM), such that it is separated from other components of the signaling pathway, including its cell surface receptor. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted as homodimers, non-covalently associated with N-terminal pro-peptides, and are targeted to the extracellular matrix through interaction with matrix proteins. |
| cell migration involved in gastrulation | The migration of individual cells within the blastocyst to help establish the multi-layered body plan of the organism (gastrulation). For example, the migration of cells from the surface to the interior of the embryo (ingression). |
| negative regulation of mesoderm development | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. |
| protein metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general. Includes protein modification. |
| positive regulation of protein processing | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage. |
| protein transport along microtubule | |
| negative regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process | Any process that increases the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death. |
| positive regulation of aggrephagy | |
| positive regulation of ARF protein signal transduction | |
| positive regulation of hippo signaling | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hippo signaling. |
| positive regulation of focal adhesion disassembly | |
| acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated. |
| positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid oxidation. |
| quinone metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinone. |
| mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex. |
| protein import into mitochondrial intermembrane space | The import of proteins into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. |
| positive regulation of necroptotic process | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a necroptotic process, a necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors. |
| cell-cell junction organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-cell junction. A cell-cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells. |
| negative regulation of microtubule polymerization | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization. |
| sister chromatid segregation | The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. |
| hippo signaling | The series of molecular signals mediated by the serine/threonine kinase Hippo or one of its orthologs. In Drosophila, Hippo in complex with the scaffold protein Salvador (Sav), phosphorylates and activates Warts (Wts), which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates the Yorkie (Yki) transcriptional activator. The core fly components hippo, sav, wts and mats are conserved in mammals as STK4/3 (MST1/2), SAV1/WW45, LATS1/2 and MOB1. |
| negative regulation of protein localization to nucleus | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus. |
| regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process | |
| regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain (extracellular domain). |
| mesoderm formation | The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. |
| heterochromatin organization | Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic heterochromatin, a compact and highly condensed form of chromatin. |
| megakaryocyte development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a megakaryocyte cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Megakaryocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a megakaryocyte fate. A megakaryocyte is a giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow. |
| phosphatidylserine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine. |
| establishment of planar polarity | Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates. |
| regulation of embryonic cell shape | Any process that modulates the surface configuration of an embryonic cell. |
| septin cytoskeleton organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising septin complexes and their associated proteins. |
| positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation. |
| regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation | |
| mRNA pseudouridine synthesis | The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an mRNA molecule. |
| lactate transport | The directed movement of lactate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lactate is 2-hydroxypropanoate, CH3-CHOH-COOH; L(+)-lactate is formed by anaerobic glycolysis in animal tissues, and DL-lactate is found in sour milk, molasses and certain fruit juices. |
| protein polyglutamylation | The addition of one or more alpha-linked glutamyl units to the gamma carboxyl group of peptidyl-glutamic acid. |
| negative regulation of peptidase activity | Any process that stops or reduces the rate of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins. |
| negative regulation of flagellated sperm motility | |
| smooth muscle cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell; smooth muscle lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers and are almost always involuntary. |
| neural plate anterior/posterior regionalization | The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random anterior-posterior spatial arrangement of the neural plate. |
| sinoatrial node cell fate commitment | |
| ureter development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder or from the Malpighian tubule to the hindgut. |
| endoderm formation | The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation. |
| CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response | The process in which an antigenically naive CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells. |
| mesodermal to mesenchymal transition involved in gastrulation | The epithelial to mesenchymal transition process in which a mesodermal cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell as part of the process of gastrulation. |
| folic acid-containing compound metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving a folic acid-containing compound, i.e. any of a group of heterocyclic compounds based on the pteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units. |
| elastic fiber assembly | Assembly of the extracellular matrix fibers that enables the matrix to recoil after transient stretching. |
| aorta smooth muscle tissue morphogenesis | The process in which the structure of the smooth muscle tissue surrounding the aorta is generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body. |
| regulation of collagen fibril organization | |
| positive regulation of collagen fibril organization | |
| negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation | |
| positive regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation | |
| positive regulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion | |
| positive regulation of synaptic transmission | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. |
| positive regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell cytokine production. |
| negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation | |
| negative regulation of adaptive immune memory response | |
| positive regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process. |
| negative regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity | |
| DNA topological change | The process in which a transformation is induced in the topological structure of a double-stranded DNA helix, resulting in a change in linking number. |
| diadenosine polyphosphate catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diadenosine polyphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with phosphate groups attached. |
| diphosphoinositol polyphosphate catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a diphosphoinositol polyphosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol with one or more diphosphate groups and multiple monophosphate groups attached. |
| RNA decapping | |
| diadenosine hexaphosphate catabolic process | |
| response to type I interferon | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type I interferon stimulus. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families. |
| negative regulation of fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane | |
| positive regulation of developmental growth | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of developmental growth. |
| positive regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response | |
| cilium movement involved in cell motility | |
| positive regulation of protein localization to cilium | |
| regulation of microtubule binding | |
| positive regulation of lymphotoxin A production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphotoxin A production. |
| positive regulation of mast cell cytokine production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell cytokine production. |
| negative regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process. |
| regulation of phosphatase activity | Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of phosphatase activity. Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate. |
| trophectodermal cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trophectoderm cell. |
| cardiac left ventricle formation | The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. |
| cardiac right ventricle formation | The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a right cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. |
| regulation of T cell differentiation in thymus | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation in the thymus. |
| protein autosumoylation | |
| molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands. |
| membrane protein proteolysis | The proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane protein leading to the release of its intracellular or ecto-domains. |
| surfactant homeostasis | Any process involved in the maintenance of a steady-state level of the surface-active lipoprotein mixture which coats the alveoli. |
| Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC). |
| adrenal gland development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adrenal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells. |
| cloacal septation | The separation of the single opening of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts, the cloaca, into multiple isolated openings during development. |
| lung-associated mesenchyme development | The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung-associated mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung-associated mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Lung-associated mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the lung. |
| ureteric bud morphogenesis | The process in which the ureteric bud is generated and organized. |
| negative regulation of cartilage development | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. |
| neuroendocrine cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a neuroendocrine cell. A neuroendocrine cell is a cell that receives input form a neuron which controls the secretion of an endocrine substance. |
| mesonephric duct development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric duct over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. A mesonephric duct is a tube drains the mesonephros. |
| regulation of autophagosome assembly | |
| regulation of chromosome organization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a chromosome. |
| regulation of DNA strand elongation | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of DNA strand elongation. DNA strand elongation is the DNA metabolic process in which a DNA strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of an existing DNA stand. |
| positive regulation of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage | |
| lactate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactate, the anion of lactic acid. |
| pyruvate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate. |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms. |
| fructosamine catabolic process | |
| maintenance of lens transparency | A homeostatic process in which the lens is maintained in a highly refractive, transparent state to allow for optimal focusing of light on the retina. |
| glutamate catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid. |
| glutamine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid. |
| tricarboxylic acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). |
| tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. |
| axon regeneration | The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage. |
| dihydrofolate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving dihydrofolate, the dihydroxylated derivative of folate. |
| tetrahydrofolate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofolate, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, a folate derivative bearing additional hydrogens on the pterin group. |
| tetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrofolate, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, a folate derivative bearing additional hydrogens on the pterin group. |
| folic acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines. |
| regulation of removal of superoxide radicals | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of removal of superoxide radicals. |
| amino acid biosynthetic process | |
| catecholamine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. |
| response to superoxide | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion. |
| retrograde axonal transport | |
| removal of superoxide radicals | Any process involved in removing superoxide radicals (O2-) from a cell or organism, e.g. by conversion to dioxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). |
| peripheral nervous system myelin maintenance | The process in which the structure and material content of mature peripheral nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state. |
| regulation of multicellular organism growth | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the body of an organism so that it reaches its usual body size. |
| response to hydrogen peroxide | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus. |
| response to ethanol | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus. |
| regulation of organ growth | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism. |
| hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA. |
| heart contraction | The multicellular organismal process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body. |
| neurofilament cytoskeleton organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising neurofilaments and their associated proteins. |
| relaxation of vascular associated smooth muscle | |
| urea cycle | The sequence of reactions by which arginine is synthesized from ornithine, then cleaved to yield urea and regenerate ornithine. The overall reaction equation is NH3 + CO2 + aspartate + 3 ATP + 2 H2O = urea + fumarate + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate + AMP + diphosphate. |
| ornithine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis. |
| citrulline biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins. |
| ammonium homeostasis | |
| peptide cross-linking | The formation of a covalent cross-link between or within protein chains. |
| blood coagulation, fibrin clot formation | |
| inosine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, a nucleoside found free but not in combination in nucleic acids except in the anticodons of some tRNAs. |
| urate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine. |
| positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation. |
| allantoin metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea, an intermediate or end product of purine catabolism. |
| deoxyinosine catabolic process | |
| deoxyadenosine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyadenosine, 2-deoxyribosyladenine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA. |
| IMP catabolic process | |
| nicotinamide riboside catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinamide riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinamide. |
| nucleotide biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates). |
| purine-containing compound salvage | Any process that generates a purine-containing compound, any nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a purine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis. |
| dAMP catabolic process | |
| purine nucleotide biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. |
| purine ribonucleoside salvage | Any process which produces a purine nucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. |
| guanine salvage | Any process that generates guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. |
| GMP salvage | Any process which produces guanosine monophosphate from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. |
| hypoxanthine salvage | Any process that generates hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. |
| positive regulation of dopamine metabolic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine. |
| GMP catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of GMP, guanosine monophosphate. |
| IMP metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving IMP, inosine monophosphate. |
| hypoxanthine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate. |
| aspartate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid. |
| aspartate catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid. |
| glutamate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid. |
| phospholipase C-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | |
| negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin transferase activity. |
| peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation | The phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine. |
| peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation | The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own tyrosine amino acid residues, or a tyrosine residue on an identical protein. |
| positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. |
| mitochondrial depolarization | The process in which the membrane potential of the mitochondria changes in the depolarizing direction from the resting potential, from negative to positive. |
| DNA conformation change | A cellular process that results in a change in the spatial configuration of a DNA molecule. A conformation change can bend DNA, or alter the, twist, writhe, or linking number of a DNA molecule. |
| vascular endothelial cell response to oscillatory fluid shear stress | |
| positive regulation of establishment of T cell polarity | |
| protein localization to cytoplasmic microtubule plus-end | |
| positive regulation of microtubule binding | |
| positive regulation of actin filament binding | |
| regulation of modification of synaptic structure | |
| activation of protein kinase C activity | |
| negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity. |
| regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine. |
| response to UV-A | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 400 to 500 nm. |
| positive regulation of protein kinase C activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase C activity. |
| negative regulation of cardiocyte differentiation | |
| establishment of meiotic spindle orientation | Any process that set the alignment of meiotic spindle relative to other cellular structures. |
| negative regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle. |
| plasminogen activation | The process in which inactive plasminogen is processed to active plasmin. This process includes cleavage at an internal Arg-Val site to form an N-terminal A-chain and C-terminal B-chain held together by a disulfide bond, and can include further proteolytic cleavage events to remove the preactivation peptide. |
| canonical glycolysis | |
| negative regulation of acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate | |
| nucleobase-containing small molecule interconversion | The chemical reactions and pathways by which a nucleobase, nucleoside or nucleotide small molecule is synthesized from another nucleobase, nucleoside or nucleotide small molecule. |
| negative regulation of platelet activation | Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. |
| regulation of blood coagulation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. |
| positive regulation of blood coagulation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. |
| negative regulation of blood coagulation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. |
| positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. |
| fibrinolysis | A process that solubilizes fibrin in the bloodstream of a multicellular organism, chiefly by the proteolytic action of plasmin. |
| negative regulation of proteolysis | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. |
| negative regulation of astrocyte differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation. |
| negative regulation of fibrinolysis | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots. |
| thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway | |
| neutrophil-mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium | |
| positive regulation of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | |
| complement activation, classical pathway | Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the classical pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes. |
| zymogen activation | The proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form. |
| negative regulation of oxidoreductase activity | Any process that stops or reduces the rate of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. |
| negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process. |
| complement activation, alternative pathway | Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the alternative pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes and the regulation of other immune processes. |
| positive regulation of fibrinolysis | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots. |
| negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin. |
| plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade | A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell occurring in response to tissue damage and initiated within blood plasma by the action of activated Factor XII (Hageman Factor) on prekallikrein to convert it to plasma kallikrein, and the subsequent reaction of plasma kallikrein with high molecular weight kininogen. The ultimate product of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade is bradykinin, an agent known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability. |
| Factor XII activation | Any process that activates Factor XII (Hageman factor). Factor XII is a protein synthesized by the liver that circulates in an inactive form until it encounters collagen or basement membrane or activated platelets (as occurs at the site of endothelial injury). Factor XII then undergoes a conformational change (becoming factor XIIa), exposing an active serine center that can subsequently cleave protein substrates and activate a variety of mediator systems. Factor XII is a participant in the clotting cascade as well as the kinin cascade. |
| blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway | A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the interactions among high molecular weight kininogen, prekallikrein, and factor XII that lead to the activation of clotting factor X. |
| positive regulation of plasminogen activation | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of plasminogen activation. Plasminogen activation is the process in which plasminogen is processed to plasmin. |
| response to misfolded protein | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a misfolded protein stimulus. |
| regulation of plasminogen activation | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of plasminogen activation. Plasminogen activation is the process in which plasminogen is processed to plasmin. |
| negative regulation of plasminogen activation | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of plasminogen activation. Plasminogen activation is the process in which plasminogen is processed to plasmin. |
| regulation of smooth muscle cell migration | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration. |
| urokinase plasminogen activator signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of urokinase plasminogen activator to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| regulation of fibrinolysis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots. |
| regulation of wound healing | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. |
| regulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion. |
| prevention of polyspermy | The negative regulation of fertilization process that takes place as part of egg activation, ensuring that only a single sperm fertilizes the egg. |
| adenosine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes. |
| inosine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, a nucleoside found free but not in combination in nucleic acids except in the anticodons of some tRNAs. |
| purine nucleotide salvage | Any process which produces a purine nucleotide from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. |
| regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin. |
| adenosine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes. |
| negative regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. |
| regulation of monoatomic anion transport | |
| positive regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transmembrane transport. |
| argininosuccinate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving argininosuccinate, 2-(N(omega)-arginino)succinate, an intermediate in the ornithine-urea cycle, where it is synthesized from citrulline and aspartate. |
| L-arginine biosynthetic process | |
| negative regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion. |
| cellular response to interferon-alpha | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-alpha stimulus. Interferon-alpha is a type I interferon. |
| regulation of ribonuclease activity | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of ribonuclease activity, catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in chains of RNA. |
| interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-27 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| negative regulation of IP-10 production | |
| maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium | Protection of epithelial surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract from proteolytic and caustic digestive agents. |
| positive regulation of extracellular matrix assembly | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly. |
| regulation of blood volume by renin-angiotensin | The process in which the renin-angiotensin system controls the rate of fluid intake and output into the blood. |
| renin-angiotensin regulation of aldosterone production | The process in which an increase in active angiotensin stimulates the adrenal cortices to secrete aldosterone. |
| regulation of renal output by angiotensin | The process in which angiotensin directly modulates the rate of urine output by the kidney. |
| maintenance of blood vessel diameter homeostasis by renin-angiotensin | |
| G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger | |
| regulation of renal sodium excretion | Any process that modulates the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time. |
| nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated signaling | |
| negative regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis, the process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules. |
| regulation of extracellular matrix assembly | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly. |
| negative regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport. |
| positive regulation of membrane hyperpolarization | |
| positive regulation of gap junction assembly | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gap junction assembly. |
| positive regulation of CoA-transferase activity | |
| negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of complement activation by the lectin pathway. |
| positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production | |
| positive regulation of D-glucose transmembrane transport | |
| regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. |
| positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | |
| positive regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis. |
| complement-mediated synapse pruning | |
| vertebrate eye-specific patterning | |
| positive regulation of apoptotic cell clearance | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic cell clearance. |
| negative regulation of macrophage chemotaxis | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage chemotaxis. Macrophage chemotaxis is the movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus. |
| negative regulation of endopeptidase activity | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins. |
| negative regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis. |
| cellular response to UV-A | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 400 to 500 nm. |
| negative regulation of trophoblast cell migration | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trophoblast cell migration. |
| negative regulation of metallopeptidase activity | |
| negative regulation of collagen catabolic process | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix. |
| negative regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix. |
| regulation of tissue remodeling | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tissue remodeling. |
| negative regulation of elastin catabolic process | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of elastin catabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of elastin. |
| negative regulation of blood vessel remodeling | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of blood vessel remodeling, the reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels. |
| detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste | The series of events required for a bitter taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal. |
| vasodilation | An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure. |
| rRNA metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving rRNA, ribosomal RNA, a structural constituent of ribosomes. |
| negative regulation of gene expression via chromosomal CpG island methylation | |
| regulation of telomere maintenance | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA. |
| negative regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade. |
| protein-DNA complex disassembly | The disaggregation of a protein-DNA complex into its constituent components. |
| fibroblast apoptotic process | Any apoptotic process in a fibroblast, a connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. |
| negative regulation of monocyte differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation. |
| negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. |
| negative regulation of cell division | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. |
| negative regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II | |
| positive regulation of metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation | Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation. Metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of metanephric cap mesenchymal cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. A metanephric cap mesenchymal cell is a mesenchymal cell that has condensed with other mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip. |
| positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator. |
| positive regulation of ruffle assembly | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ruffle assembly. |
| positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA metabolic process. |
| positive regulation of glomerular filtration | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule. |
| negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol. |
| positive regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration by platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration as a result of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta binding to one of its physiological ligands. |
| cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platelet-derived growth factor stimulus. |
| paracrine signaling | The transfer of information from one cell to another, where the signal travels from the signal-producing cell to the receiving cell by passive diffusion or bulk flow in intercellular fluid. The signaling cell and the receiving cell are usually in the vicinity of each other. |
| cellular response to mycophenolic acid | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycophenolic acid stimulus. |
| positive regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation. |
| metanephric glomerular mesangial cell development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| positive regulation of calcium ion import | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle. |
| positive regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process. |
| positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration | |
| positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation | |
| positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process. |
| positive regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration. |
| negative regulation of receptor recycling | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of receptor recycling. |
| regulation of phosphatidylcholine catabolic process | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of phosphatidylcholine catabolism. Phosphatidylcholine catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline. |
| negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded. |
| regulation of protein metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. |
| negative regulation of protein metabolic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. |
| negative regulation of astrocyte activation | |
| cholesterol import | The directed movement of cholesterol into a cell or organelle. |
| receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport | |
| negative regulation of microglial cell activation | |
| positive regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process | |
| negative regulation of secretion | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. |
| regulation of calcium ion import | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle. |
| regulation of miRNA transcription | |
| regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation | |
| connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing | The series of events leading to growth of connective tissue when loss of tissues that are incapable of regeneration occurs, or when fibrinous exudate cannot be adequately cleared that contribute to an inflammatory response. |
| negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target | |
| ATP biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. |
| salivary gland morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized. |
| positive regulation of fibroblast migration | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. |
| negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. |
| positive regulation of microglia differentiation | |
| regulation of striated muscle tissue development | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development. |
| response to progesterone | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a progesterone stimulus. |
| receptor catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. |
| myofibroblast differentiation | |
| regulation of protein import into nucleus | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of movement of proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. |
| regulatory T cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a regulatory T cell. Regulatory T cells control or suppress immune responses through a variety of mechanisms and subsets include the CD4+CD25+ cell type as well as certain CD8+ cell types. |
| lymph node development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of lymph nodes over time, from their formation to the mature structure. A lymph node is a round, oval, or bean shaped structure localized in clusters along the lymphatic vessels, with a distinct internal structure including specialized vasculature and B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes. |
| regulation of blood vessel remodeling | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of blood vessel remodeling, the reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels. |
| response to cholesterol | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus. |
| odontoblast differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell of neural crest origin acquires the specialized features of an odontoblast, a cell on the outer surface of the dental pulp whose biological function is the creation of dentin. |
| positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation. |
| negative regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane. |
| positive regulation of vasculature development | |
| positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT | |
| embryonic liver development | |
| positive regulation of primary miRNA processing | |
| positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of neuron differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. |
| cGMP biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate. |
| receptor guanylyl cyclase signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses guanylyl cyclase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| positive regulation of heart rate | Any process that activates or increases the frequency or rate of heart contraction. |
| negative regulation of JUN kinase activity | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity. |
| regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization | Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential in an atrial cardiomyocyte. |
| positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction. |
| regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity. |
| positive regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity. |
| positive regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane | |
| positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of fungus | |
| positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | |
| response to melanocyte-stimulating hormone | |
| regulation of long-term synaptic depression | |
| positive regulation of steroid biosynthetic process | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. |
| progesterone biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of progesterone, a steroid hormone produced in the ovary which prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. Also found in plants. |
| prolactin signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the peptide hormone prolactin to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| positive regulation of multicellular organism growth | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size. |
| positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling. |
| calcitonin family receptor signaling pathway | |
| macromolecule biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. |
| hormone-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a hormone, and which triggers the apoptotic signaling pathway in a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a hormone signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen. |
| cAMP metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate). |
| positive regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of inositol phosphate biosynthesis. Inositol phosphate biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached. |
| cellular response to glucagon stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucagon stimulus. |
| response to yeast | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a yeast species. |
| antifungal humoral response | An immune response against a fungus mediated through a body fluid. An example of this process is the antifungal humoral response in Drosophila melanogaster. |
| mRNA stabilization | Prevention of degradation of mRNA molecules. In the absence of compensating changes in other processes, the slowing of mRNA degradation can result in an overall increase in the population of active mRNA molecules. |
| prolactin secretion | The regulated release of prolactin, a peptide hormone that stimulates lactation, from secretory granules in the anterior pituitary. |
| positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep | Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. |
| growth hormone secretion | The regulated release of growth hormone from secretory granules into the blood. |
| positive regulation of growth hormone secretion | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell. |
| adult feeding behavior | Feeding behavior in a fully developed and mature organism. |
| central nervous system neuron development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the central nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron. |
| positive regulation of appetite | Any process that increases appetite. |
| intestinal epithelial cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine. |
| negative regulation of acute inflammatory response | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response. |
| positive regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is a series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO). |
| regulation of transmembrane transporter activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane transporter activity. |
| negative regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity | Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase. |
| negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen. |
| alpha-beta T cell activation | The change in morphology and behavior of an alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. |
| regulation of protein secretion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. |
| negative regulation of protein secretion | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. |
| negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. |
| positive regulation of respiratory burst | Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. |
| positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules. |
| positive regulation of dendritic spine maintenance | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic spine maintenance. |
| neuron projection maintenance | |
| negative regulation of feeding behavior | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior. |
| negative regulation of muscle cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation. |
| embryonic placenta morphogenesis | The process in which the embryonic placenta is generated and organized. |
| positive regulation of interleukin-33 production | |
| negative regulation of signaling receptor activity | |
| positive regulation of synoviocyte proliferation | |
| chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus | A chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. A chronic inflammatory response persists indefinitely during days, weeks, or months in the life of an individual. |
| negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production contributing to an immune response. |
| negative regulation of lipid storage | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development. |
| positive regulation of fever generation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of fever generation. |
| positive regulation of fractalkine production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of fractalkine production. |
| positive regulation of programmed cell death | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. |
| positive regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly | |
| regulation of fat cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation. |
| astrocyte activation | A change in morphology and behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. |
| embryonic digestive tract development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure during embryonic development. The gut is the region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus. |
| leukocyte tethering or rolling | Transient adhesive interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells lining blood vessels. Carbohydrates on circulating leukocytes bind selectins on the vessel wall causing the leukocytes to slow down and roll along the inner surface of the vessel wall. During this rolling motion, transitory bonds are formed and broken between selectins and their ligands. Typically the first step in cellular extravasation (the movement of leukocytes out of the circulatory system, towards the site of tissue damage or infection). |
| positive regulation of protein transport | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| response to glucocorticoid | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects. |
| regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate. |
| positive regulation of glial cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a vitamin D biosynthetic process. Vitamin D biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3). |
| positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O. |
| negative regulation of vascular wound healing | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature. |
| negative regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units. |
| cellular response to nicotine | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus. |
| positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body. |
| positive regulation of podosome assembly | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of podosome assembly. |
| negative regulation of amyloid-beta clearance | |
| positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell | |
| positive regulation of blood microparticle formation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood microparticle formation. |
| regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process. |
| negative regulation of T cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation. |
| negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production. |
| B cell activation involved in immune response | The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell during an immune response, resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. |
| regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I. |
| negative regulation of Lewy body formation | |
| positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of a serine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein. |
| positive regulation of interleukin-23 production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-23 production. |
| positive regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process. |
| positive regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + H2O = D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate. |
| positive regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolism. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolism is the chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, also known as FBP. The D enantiomer is a metabolic intermediate in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. |
| positive regulation of protein deacetylation | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein deacetylation, the removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid. |
| neuroinflammatory response | |
| positive regulation of iron ion import across plasma membrane | |
| positive regulation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity | |
| positive regulation of core promoter binding | |
| positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production. |
| response to copper ion | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a copper ion stimulus. |
| positive regulation of tight junction disassembly | |
| positive regulation of T cell mediated immunity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity. |
| positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of D-glucose transmembrane transport | |
| positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity. |
| positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin. |
| negative regulation of lipid metabolic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. |
| positive regulation of complement activation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation. |
| negative regulation of synaptic transmission | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. |
| positive regulation of lipid catabolic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids. |
| positive regulation of cell adhesion molecule production | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism. |
| monocyte aggregation | The adhesion of one monocyte to one or more other monocytes via adhesion molecules. |
| positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. |
| negative regulation of gap junction assembly | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gap junction assembly. |
| positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production. |
| negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol | Any process that decreases the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components. |
| negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress. |
| negative regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte apoptotic process. |
| negative regulation of cation channel activity | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cation channel activity. |
| regulation of T cell tolerance induction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction. |
| interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-2 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| glomerular filtration | The process in which plasma is filtered through the glomerular membrane which consists of capillary endothelial cells, the basement membrane, and epithelial cells. The glomerular filtrate is the same as plasma except it has no significant amount of protein. |
| positive regulation of kinase activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. |
| interleukin-15-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-15 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| positive regulation of monocyte differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation. |
| immunoglobulin transcytosis in epithelial cells mediated by polymeric immunoglobulin receptor | The process of transporting polymeric IgA and polymeric IgM immunoglobulin, via transcytosis mediated by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), from the basolateral surface to apical surface of an epithelial cell. At the apical surface the immunoglobulin binding portion of the pIgRis cleaved and remains bound to the transported immunoglobulin as secretory component (SC). The same process is used for the transport and excretion of IgA immune complexes to the luminal surface of the mucosa. |
| Fc receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin to an Fc receptor on the surface of a signal-receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region. |
| antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent | |
| regulation of T cell anergy | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell anergy. |
| regulation of interleukin-12 production | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-12 production. |
| regulation of interleukin-6 production | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production. |
| protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity | The process of protecting a cell from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity. |
| regulation of dendritic cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation. |
| myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation | |
| antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II | |
| peptide antigen assembly with MHC class II protein complex | The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class II protein complex. |
| positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells. |
| positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell differentiation. |
| regulation of T-helper cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation. |
| positive regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell. |
| negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. |
| regulation of interleukin-10 production | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-10 production. |
| carbon dioxide transport | The directed movement of carbon dioxide (CO2) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| oxygen transport | The directed movement of oxygen (O2) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| tooth mineralization | The process in which calcium salts are deposited into calcareous tooth structures such as dental enamel, dentin and cementum. |
| skin morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the skin are generated and organized. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner, sensitive and vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue. |
| embryonic skeletal joint morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of skeletal joints are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. A skeletal joint is the connecting structure between the bones of the skeleton. |
| negative regulation of immune response | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. |
| negative regulation of intracellular transport | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. |
| regulation of programmed cell death | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. |
| intermediate filament bundle assembly | The formation of the bundles of intermediate filaments. Intermediate filament-associated proteins (IFAPs) cross-link intermediate filaments with one another, forming a bundle or a network, and with other cell structures, including the plasma membrane. The organization of intermediate filaments and their supportive function in various cells types depends in large part on their linkage to other cell structures via IFAPs. |
| negative regulation of entry of bacterium into host cell | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of entry of bacterium into host cell. |
| establishment or maintenance of microtubule cytoskeleton polarity | Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized microtubule-based cytoskeletal structures. |
| negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress. |
| DNA double-strand break attachment to nuclear envelope | |
| phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline. |
| negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway | Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor. |
| negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling is the acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid. |
| protein oxidation | The modification of a protein amino acid by oxidation. |
| peptidyl-methionine modification | The modification of peptidyl-methionine. |
| amyloid-beta formation | |
| vitamin transport | The directed movement of vitamins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A vitamin is one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. |
| positive regulation of hydrolase activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds. |
| negative regulation of cell adhesion molecule production | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism. |
| triglyceride homeostasis | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of triglyceride within an organism or cell. |
| positive regulation of cholesterol metabolic process | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. |
| positive regulation of phospholipid efflux | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid efflux. |
| negative regulation of dendritic spine development | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| negative regulation of dendritic spine maintenance | |
| AMPA glutamate receptor clustering | |
| NMDA glutamate receptor clustering | |
| response to reactive oxygen species | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals. |
| synaptic transmission, cholinergic | The process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. |
| lipid transport involved in lipid storage | |
| long-chain fatty acid transport | The directed movement of long-chain fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22. |
| protein import | The targeting and directed movement of proteins into a cell or organelle. Not all import involves an initial targeting event. |
| positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors. |
| very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling | The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid. |
| chylomicron remnant clearance | The process in which a chylomicron remnant is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis into liver cells and its constituent parts degraded. |
| locomotory exploration behavior | The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to a novel environment. |
| lipoprotein biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids. |
| positive regulation by host of viral process | A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected. |
| negative regulation of lipid biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. |
| intermediate-density lipoprotein particle clearance | |
| regulation of cholesterol metabolic process | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. |
| regulation of amyloid-beta clearance | |
| positive regulation of amyloid-beta clearance | |
| negative regulation of postsynaptic membrane organization | |
| regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process. |
| positive regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurofibrillary tangle assembly. |
| negative regulation of phospholipid efflux | |
| negative regulation of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier | |
| positive regulation of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier | |
| regulation of cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus | |
| regulation of amyloid fibril formation | |
| positive regulation of amyloid fibril formation | |
| regulation of behavioral fear response | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavioral fear response. |
| phospholipid catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester. |
| response to glucose | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus. |
| negative regulation of cholesterol transport | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle remodeling | The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride from a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle. |
| diacylglycerol catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diacylglycerol, a glyceride in which any two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group. |
| negative regulation of lipase activity | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid. |
| negative regulation of cholesterol import | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cholesterol import. Cholesterol import is the directed movement of cholesterol into a cell or organelle. |
| negative regulation of cholesterol transporter activity | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol transporter activity. |
| negative regulation of phosphatidylcholine catabolic process | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of phosphatidylcholine catabolism. Phosphatidylcholine catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline. |
| negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a very-low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded. |
| regulation of cholesterol transport | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport. |
| negative regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity | Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase. |
| positive regulation of triglyceride catabolic process | Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triglyceride. |
| positive regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling is the acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid. |
| chylomicron remodeling | The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a chylomicron, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid. |
| positive regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids. |
| positive regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity | Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase. |
| positive regulation of phospholipid catabolic process | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of phospholipid catabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester. |
| negative regulation of triglyceride catabolic process | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triglyceride. |
| negative regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance. High-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded. |
| triglyceride catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. |
| induction of bacterial agglutination | Any process in which infecting bacteria are clumped together by a host organism. |
| blood coagulation, common pathway | A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of events leading from the formation of activated factor X to the formation of active thrombin, the cleavage of fibrinogen by thrombin, and the formation of cleaved fibrin into a stable multimeric, cross-linked complex. |
| negative regulation of blood coagulation, common pathway | |
| positive regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity | |
| monoatomic anion transport | |
| intracellular monoatomic ion homeostasis | |
| bicarbonate transport | The directed movement of bicarbonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| vasoconstriction | A decrease in the diameter of blood vessels, especially arteries, usually causing an increase in blood pressure. |
| regulation of interleukin-8 production | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production. |
| negative regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation. |
| negative regulation by host of viral glycoprotein metabolic process | A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral glycoprotein metabolic process. |
| negative regulation of viral process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant. |
| negative regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process. |
| negative regulation of granulocyte differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation. |
| negative regulation of macrophage differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation. |
| positive regulation of immune response | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. |
| negative regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a myeloid cell apoptotic process. |
| triglyceride transport | The directed movement of triglyceride into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Triglycerides are important components of plant oils, animal fats and animal plasma lipoproteins. |
| keratinocyte migration | The directed movement of a keratinocyte, epidermal cells which synthesize keratin, from one site to another. |
| leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell | |
| endodermal cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an endoderm cell, a cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. |
| negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta. |
| negative regulation of monocyte activation | |
| positive regulation of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate | |
| positive regulation of immunoglobulin production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production. |
| retinol transport | The directed movement of retinol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Retinol is vitamin A1, 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-(9'-hydroxy-3',7'-dimethylnona-1',3',5',7'-tetraenyl)cyclohex-1-ene, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A. |
| cardiac muscle tissue development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| female genitalia morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of female genitalia are generated and organized. |
| embryonic retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye | The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized in a camera-type eye during the embryonic life stage. |
| uterus development | The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the uterus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| vagina development | The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vagina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| urinary bladder development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urinary bladder over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The urinary bladder is an elastic, muscular sac situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion. |
| hemoglobin metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemoglobin, including its uptake and utilization. |
| cytochrome c metabolic process | |
| pinocytosis | An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, called pinosomes, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. |
| cellular response to calcium ion starvation | |
| defense response to protozoan | Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a protozoan that act to protect the cell or organism. |
| negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II. |
| positive regulation of macrophage differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation. |
| negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation. |
| killing by host of symbiont cells | Any process mediated by an organism that results in the death of cells in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. |
| regulation of T cell chemotaxis | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of T cell chemotaxis. T cell chemotaxis is the directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus. |
| regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial tube morphogenesis. |
| iron ion transport | The directed movement of iron (Fe) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| positive regulation of B cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of B cell proliferation. |
| transferrin transport | The directed movement of transferrin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| positive regulation of isotype switching | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching. |
| multicellular organismal-level iron ion homeostasis | |
| regulation of iron ion transport | |
| cellular response to iron ion | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron ion stimulus. |
| negative regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide. |
| regulation of tumor necrosis factor production | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production. |
| negative regulation of ATP-dependent activity | |
| positive regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation by host of viral process | A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected. |
| negative regulation of membrane potential | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. |
| positive regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation. |
| negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism. |
| positive regulation of chondrocyte proliferation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. |
| negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production. |
| negative regulation of osteoclast development | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast development. |
| cellular response to interleukin-3 | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-3 stimulus. |
| cellular response to erythropoietin | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an erythropoietin stimulus. |
| cellular response to zinc ion | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus. |
| type B pancreatic cell proliferation | The multiplication or reproduction of pancreatic B cells, resulting in the expansion of an pancreatic B cell population. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin. |
| regulation of bone resorption | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone tissue loss (resorption). |
| regulation of osteoclast differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation. |
| negative regulation of bone development | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone development. |
| regulation of testosterone biosynthetic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of testosterone biosynthetic process. |
| steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway | |
| tRNA decay | |
| negative regulation of translation in response to stress | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. |
| anti-Mullerian hormone receptor signaling pathway | |
| negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway. |
| regulation of opsonization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of opsonization. |
| smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion | The binding of a smooth muscle cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules. |
| UV protection | Any process in which an organism or cell protects itself from ultraviolet radiation (UV), which may also result in resistance to repeated exposure to UV. |
| cellular detoxification of hydrogen peroxide | |
| activation of adenylate cyclase activity | Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme adenylate cyclase. |
| neutrophil mediated immunity | Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a neutrophil. |
| positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol | Any process that increases the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components. |
| lipid catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. |
| activation of phospholipase A2 activity | Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme phospholipase A2. |
| arachidonate secretion | |
| positive regulation of podocyte apoptotic process | |
| glucosylceramide catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of glucose by a ceramide group. |
| termination of signal transduction | The signaling process in which signal transduction is brought to an end rather than being reversibly modulated. |
| lipid glycosylation | Covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to a lipid molecule. |
| positive regulation of protein lipidation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein lipidation. |
| positive regulation of neuronal action potential | |
| regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process | |
| glycoside catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosides, compounds in which a glycosyl group is substituted into a hydroxyl, thiol or selenol group in another compound. |
| glycolipid catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycolipid, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide). |
| negative regulation of coagulation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation. |
| fructose metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey. |
| fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, also known as FBP. The D enantiomer is a metabolic intermediate in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. |
| regulation of leukocyte migration | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration. |
| positive regulation of vesicle fusion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion. |
| regulation of interleukin-1 production | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 production. |
| neutrophil activation | The change in morphology and behavior of a neutrophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. |
| negative regulation of exocytosis | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis. |
| alpha-beta T cell differentiation | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta T cell. An alpha-beta T cell is a T cell that expresses an alpha-beta T cell receptor complex. |
| regulation of hormone secretion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. |
| granulocyte chemotaxis | The movement of a granulocyte in response to an external stimulus. |
| neutrophil clearance | The selective elimination of senescent neutrophils from the body by autoregulatory mechanisms. |
| regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation. |
| cell projection assembly | Formation of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. |
| platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand to an alpha-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFalpha) on the surface of a signal-receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by epithelial-mesenchymal signaling | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of salivary gland branching as a result of the transfer of information from the epithelial cells to the mesenchymal cells of the salivary gland. |
| embryonic lung development | The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| positive regulation of cholesterol storage | Any process that increases the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. |
| cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dexamethasone stimulus. |
| cellular response to copper ion | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a copper ion stimulus. |
| negative regulation of protein processing | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage. |
| negative regulation of interleukin-2 production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production. |
| negative regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade. |
| dendritic spine maintenance | The organization process that preserves a dendritic spine in a stable functional or structural state. A dendritic spine is a specialized protrusion from a neuronal dendrite and is involved in synaptic transmission. |
| regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate receptor signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate receptor signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process. |
| acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure | |
| intracellular oxygen homeostasis | |
| positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching | |
| thymidine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving thymidine, deoxyribosylthymine thymine 2-deoxyriboside, a deoxynucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in deoxynucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA. |
| thymidine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thymidine, deoxyribosylthymine thymine 2-deoxyriboside, a deoxynucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in deoxynucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA. |
| DNA synthesis involved in mitotic DNA replication | |
| regulation of platelet activation | Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. |
| positive regulation of blood vessel remodeling | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel remodeling. |
| negative regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis. |
| phospholipase C-activating angiotensin-activated signaling pathway | An angiotensin-mediated signaling pathway where the activated receptor transmits the signal via Gq-mediated activation of phospholipase C (PLC). PLC hydrolyses phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into the second messengers inositol-1,4,5,-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). DAG activates protein kinase C (PKC), whilst IP3 binds intracellular receptors to induce the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. |
| regulation of cell-matrix adhesion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to the extracellular matrix. |
| positive regulation of cellular extravasation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cellular extravasation. |
| heterotypic cell-cell adhesion | The attachment of a cell to a cell of a different type via adhesion molecules. |
| retinal cone cell development | Development of a cone cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Cone cells contain the photopigment iodopsin or cyanopsin and are responsible for photopic (daylight) vision. |
| negative regulation of neuron projection regeneration | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage. |
| regulation of Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity. |
| negative regulation of peptide secretion | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. |
| immunoglobulin mediated immune response | An immune response mediated by immunoglobulins, whether cell-bound or in solution. |
| positive regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway | |
| positive thymic T cell selection | The process of sparing immature T cells in the thymus which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death. |
| hemostasis | The stopping of bleeding (loss of body fluid) or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part. |
| positive regulation of serine-type endopeptidase activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of serine-type endopeptidase activity. |
| peptidyl-cysteine S-trans-nitrosylation | Transfer of a nitric oxide (NO) group from one cysteine residue to another. |
| arginine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid. |
| T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target | |
| antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-dependent | The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP-dependent ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER following TAP-dependent transport from the cytosol. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules. |
| antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I | The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules. |
| CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation | The change in morphology and behavior of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. |
| antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I | The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules. |
| positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of memory T cell activation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell activation. |
| positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation. |
| positive regulation of dermatome development | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin. |
| nerve growth factor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of nerve growth factor (NGF) to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a neurotrophin to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| sympathetic nervous system development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sympathetic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter. |
| cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus | A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nerve growth factor stimulus. |
| regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle G2/M phase transition. |
| negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase. |
| positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly | |
| negative regulation of helicase activity | Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a helicase. |
| positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process. |
| cellular response to actinomycin D | |
| negative regulation of G1 to G0 transition | |
| negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt | |
| cellular response to cadmium ion | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus. |
| carbohydrate catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. |
| positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis. |
| lipid hydroxylation | |
| ethylene metabolic process | |
| epoxygenase P450 pathway | The chemical reactions and pathways by which arachidonic acid is converted to other compounds including epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids. |
| omega-hydroxylase P450 pathway | The chemical reactions and pathways by which arachidonic acid is converted to other compounds initially by omega-hydroxylation. |
| dTMP biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine 5'-phosphate). |
| tetrahydrofolate interconversion | The chemical reactions and pathways by which one-carbon (C1) units are transferred between tetrahydrofolate molecules, to synthesise other tetrahydrofolate molecules. |
| superoxide anion generation | The enzymatic generation of superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species, by a cell in response to environmental stress, thereby mediating the activation of various stress-inducible signaling pathways. |
| protein localization to CENP-A containing chromatin | |
| positive regulation of enamel mineralization | |
| negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation | |
| glycolate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycolate, the anion of hydroxyethanoic acid (glycolic acid). |
| muscle hypertrophy | The muscle system process that results in enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development (it stops in cardiac muscle after adolescence) and can also be brought on in response to demand. In athletes cardiac and skeletal muscles undergo hypertrophy stimulated by increasing muscle activity on exercise. Smooth muscle cells in the uterus undergo hypertrophy during pregnancy. |
| myotube cell development | The process aimed at the progression of a myotube cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. |
| bone mineralization involved in bone maturation | The deposition of hydroxyapatite, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state. |
| myoblast differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into striated muscle fibers. |
| insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin-like growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. |
| negative regulation of oocyte development | Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. |
| positive regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state. |
| positive regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation | |
| negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process | |
| positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding. |
| intracellular sodium ion homeostasis | |
| establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradient | The directed movement of ions to establish or maintain an electrochemical gradient across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| intracellular potassium ion homeostasis | |
| sodium ion export across plasma membrane | |
| relaxation of cardiac muscle | The process in which the extent of cardiac muscle contraction is reduced. |
| membrane repolarization | The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, toward the resting potential. For example, the repolarization during an action potential is in the direction from the positive membrane potential towards the negative resting potential. |
| membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential | The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the cardiac muscle cell plasma membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential. |
| cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction | The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels and contributes to the process of cardiac conduction. |
| response to glycoside | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycoside stimulus. |
| regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction by changing the calcium ion signals that trigger contraction. |
| protein transport into plasma membrane raft | The directed movement of a protein into a plasma membrane raft. |
| positive regulation of potassium ion import across plasma membrane | |
| NADH oxidation | A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH, to the oxidized form, NAD. |
| vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex, proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across the vacuolar membrane. |
| response to auditory stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auditory stimulus. |
| phospholipase D-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | |
| astrocyte activation involved in immune response | |
| mating behavior | The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes. |
| axo-dendritic transport | |
| associative learning | Learning by associating a stimulus (the cause) with a particular outcome (the effect). |
| axon midline choice point recognition | The recognition of molecules at the central nervous system midline choice point by an axon growth cone; this choice point determines whether the growth cone will cross the midline. |
| lipoprotein metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids. |
| positive regulation of Toll signaling pathway | |
| low-density lipoprotein particle mediated signaling | A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of low-density lipoprotein particle. |
| protein trimerization | The formation of a protein trimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits. |
| modulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential | |
| NMDA selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway | |
| positive regulation of gene expression, epigenetic | Any epigenetic process that activates or increases the rate of gene expression. |
| regulation of spontaneous synaptic transmission | |
| regulation of dendritic spine maintenance | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic spine maintenance. |
| regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of blood circulation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation. |
| positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor internalization | |
| positive regulation of endothelin production | |
| positive regulation of protein import | |
| positive regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress | |
| regulation of response to calcium ion | |
| negative regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway | |
| peripheral nervous system axon regeneration | The regrowth of axons outside the central nervous system (outside the brain and spinal cord) following an axonal injury. |
| negative regulation of protein import into nucleus | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. |
| negative regulation of lipoprotein lipid oxidation | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of lipoprotein lipid oxidation. Lipoprotein lipid oxidation is the modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of the lipid group. |
| negative regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1. |
| negative regulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion. |
| negative regulation of T cell migration | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell migration. |
| alcohol metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom. |
| nitroglycerin metabolic process | |
| aldehyde catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O. |
| regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine biosynthetic process. |
| regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process | |
| steroid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus; includes de novo formation and steroid interconversion by modification. |
| glucocorticoid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. |
| hormone biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. |
| progesterone metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving progesterone, a steroid hormone produced in the ovary which prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. Also found in plants. |
| negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity | |
| smooth muscle cell migration | The orderly movement of a smooth muscle cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. |
| negative regulation of lipid transport | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of apolipoprotein A-I to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| negative regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoproteins, any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids. |
| regulation of serotonin uptake | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin into a cell. |
| angiogenesis involved in wound healing | Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. |
| phagocytosis, engulfment | The internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, including the membrane and cytoskeletal processes required, which involves one of three mechanisms: zippering of pseudopods around a target via repeated receptor-ligand interactions, sinking of the target directly into plasma membrane of the phagocytosing cell, or induced uptake via an enhanced membrane ruffling of the phagocytosing cell similar to macropinocytosis. |
| leukocyte cell-cell adhesion | The attachment of a leukocyte to another cell via adhesion molecules. |
| positive regulation of neutrophil degranulation | |
| negative regulation of dopamine metabolic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine. |
| cell-cell adhesion via plasma-membrane adhesion molecules | The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that are at least partially embedded in the cell membrane. |
| neutrophil migration | The movement of an neutrophil within or between different tissues and organs of the body. |
| C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of C21-steroid hormones, steroid compounds containing 21 carbons which function as hormones. |
| peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation | The covalent addition of a nitric oxide (NO) group to the sulphur (S) atom of a cysteine residue in a protein, to form peptidyl-S-nitrosyl-L-cysteine. |
| neutrophil aggregation | The adhesion of one neutrophil to one or more other neutrophils via adhesion molecules. |
| negative regulation of phosphorylation | Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. |
| hemoglobin biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin. |
| negative regulation of B cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone. |
| negative regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone. |
| negative regulation of epithelial cell migration | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration. |
| interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-4 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| regulation of isotype switching | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching. |
| positive regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgE isotypes. |
| positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgG isotypes. |
| negative regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement-dependent cytotoxicity. |
| negative regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus | |
| positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production. |
| positive regulation of ATP biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP biosynthetic process. |
| positive regulation of leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the synthesis or release of any leukotriene following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response. |
| regulation of response to food | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a food stimulus. |
| positive regulation of mismatch repair | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mismatch repair. |
| response to morphine | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure. |
| negative regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proteasomal protein catabolic process. |
| regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the mitochondrial membrane. |
| adenine nucleotide transport | The directed movement of adenine nucleotides, ATP, ADP, and/or AMP, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| mitochondrial ADP transmembrane transport | |
| mitochondrial ATP transmembrane transport | |
| negative regulation of hydrolase activity | Any process that stops or reduces the rate of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds. |
| positive regulation of protein oligomerization | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization. |
| regulation of type II interferon production | |
| branched-chain amino acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine. |
| short-chain fatty acid catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fatty acids with a chain length of less than C6. |
| steroid catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. |
| toxin biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism. |
| monoterpenoid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoterpenoid compounds, terpenoids having a C10 skeleton. |
| monocarboxylic acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-). |
| aflatoxin metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450. |
| oxidative demethylation | The process of removing one or more methyl groups from a molecule, involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms in the substrate. |
| carbon tetrachloride metabolic process | |
| benzene metabolic process | |
| 4-nitrophenol metabolic process | |
| halogenated hydrocarbon metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving halogenated hydrocarbons, any hydrocarbon with one or more halogen atoms attached to it. Halogens include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. |
| PERK-mediated unfolded protein response | |
| HRI-mediated signaling | |
| positive regulation of cell division | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. |
| branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching | The growth of a branch of the ureteric bud along its axis. |
| mesonephric epithelium development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. |
| regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor. |
| negative regulation of primary miRNA processing | |
| neutrophil apoptotic process | Any apoptotic process in a neutrophil, any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. |
| hepatic immune response | An immune response taking place in the liver. |
| positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis. |
| regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor. |
| response to peptidoglycan | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptidoglycan stimulus. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule. |
| positive regulation of interleukin-21 production | |
| negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. |
| positive regulation of B cell activation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation. |
| regulation of astrocyte activation | |
| glucagon secretion | The regulated release of glucagon from secretory granules in the A (alpha) cells of the pancreas (islets of Langerhans). |
| hepatocyte proliferation | The multiplication or reproduction of hepatocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Hepatocytes form the main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. |
| regulation of neuroinflammatory response | |
| positive regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation. |
| regulation of microglial cell activation | |
| negative regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process. |
| positive regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a chemokine binding to a cell surface receptor. |
| regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by endothelin | The process in which endothelin modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. Endothelin is a hormone that is released by the endothelium, and it is a vasoconstrictor. |
| artery smooth muscle contraction | A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the artery. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The artery is a vessel carrying blood away from the heart. |
| vein smooth muscle contraction | A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the vein. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The vein is a vessel carrying blood away from the capillary beds. |
| peptide hormone secretion | The regulated release of a peptide hormone from a cell. |
| nitric oxide transport | The directed movement of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| positive regulation of cell size | Any process that increases cell size. |
| positive regulation of hormone secretion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. |
| positive regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + donor-H2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + acceptor + H2O. |
| cAMP/PKA signal transduction | |
| negative regulation of phospholipase C/protein kinase C signal transduction | |
| positive regulation of cation channel activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cation channel activity. |
| regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity. |
| adhesion of symbiont to host | The attachment of a symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. |
| receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell | The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a receptor on the host cell surface. |
| peptide hormone processing | The generation of a mature peptide hormone by posttranslational processing of a prohormone. |
| regulation of fatty acid oxidation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid oxidation. |
| positive regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids. |
| positive regulation of long-chain fatty acid import into cell | |
| nuclear histone mRNA catabolic process | |
| thyroid hormone transport | The directed movement of thyroid hormone into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| trigeminal nerve development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae. |
| oculomotor nerve formation | The process that gives rise to the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle. |
| positive regulation of tooth mineralization | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures. |
| calcium-independent cell-matrix adhesion | The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction. |
| positive regulation of glutamate uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse | |
| regulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inward rectifier potassium channel activity. |
| reactive gliosis | |
| regulation of collagen catabolic process | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix. |
| positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity. |
| negative regulation of vasoconstriction | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction. |
| regulation of D-glucose transmembrane transport | |
| protein kinase C signaling | A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound. |
| basement membrane disassembly | The controlled breakdown of the basement membrane in the context of a normal process such as imaginal disc eversion. |
| detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sound | The series of events involved in the perception of sound vibration in which the vibration is received and converted into a molecular signal. |
| response to thyroid hormone | A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroid hormone stimulus. |
| pilomotor reflex | The reflex process in which the arrectores pilorum (hair follicle) muscles contract and cause the hair to stand erect. |
| positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte proliferation. |
| positive regulation of thyroid hormone generation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone generation. |
| eye morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. |
| negative regulation of endodermal cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endodermal cell differentiation. |
| porphyrin-containing compound metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrins consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group. |
| porphyrin-containing compound catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrin consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group. |
| intracellular zinc ion homeostasis | |
| Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) to an Fc-gamma receptor on the surface of a signal-receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region. |
| regulation of lymphocyte activation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation. |
| CD27 signaling pathway | |
| positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion. |
| response to singlet oxygen | |
| negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of hydrogen peroxide biosynthesis. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA. |
| cellular response to L-glutamate | |
| cellular response to glycine | |
| cocaine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving cocaine, an alkaloid obtained from the dried leaves of the shrub Erythroxylon coca. It is a cerebral stimulant and narcotic. |
| glycosylceramide catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide (or derivative) by a ceramide group. |
| glycosphingolipid catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide. |
| negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity | Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase. |
| eating behavior | The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of food, any substance (usually solid) that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue. |
| negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II. |
| striated muscle atrophy | A process, occurring in striated muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse. |
| positive regulation of actin nucleation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation, the initial step in the formation of an actin filament in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament. |
| actin filament capping | The binding of a protein or protein complex to the end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits. |
| regulation of podosome assembly | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of podosome assembly. |
| cardiac muscle cell contraction | The actin filament-based process in which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of a cardiac muscle cell. |
| renal protein absorption | A renal system process in which proteins are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures (e.g. protein absorption is observed in nephrocytes in Drosophila, see PMID:23264686). |
| hepatocyte apoptotic process | Any apoptotic process in a hepatocyte, the main structural component of the liver. |
| positive regulation of keratinocyte apoptotic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte apoptotic process. |
| regulation of establishment of T cell polarity | |
| regulation of plasma membrane raft polarization | |
| regulation of receptor clustering | |
| positive regulation of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle | |
| sister chromatid biorientation | The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids establish stable attachments to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles. |
| maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion | The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a mitotic cell cycle. |
| regulation of lipid kinase activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a simple or complex lipid. |
| protein localization to chromosome, centromeric region | Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the centromeric region of a chromosome. |
| regulation of centromere complex assembly | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of centromere complex assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and centromeric DNA molecules to form a centromeric protein-DNA complex. |
| positive regulation of extracellular matrix organization | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization. |
| negative regulation of myofibroblast differentiation | |
| pronuclear fusion | The merging of two pronuclei in a fertilized egg to fuse and produce a single zygotic genome. |
| regulation of Schwann cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation | |
| Golgi disassembly | A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a Golgi apparatus that contributes to Golgi inheritance. |
| regulation of attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore | |
| positive regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport | |
| regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. |
| response to lipid hydroperoxide | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid hydroperoxide stimulus. Lipid hydroperoxide is the highly reactive primary oxygenated products of polyunsaturated fatty acids. |
| chylomicron assembly | The aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids in the intestine to form a chylomicron. |
| protein-lipid complex assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and lipids to form a protein-lipid complex. |
| membrane raft polarization | The clustering and aggregation of membrane rafts at a single cellular pole during activation of particular cell types, such as lymphocytes. |
| positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation | Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of myeloid dendritic cell activation. |
| natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity | The directed killing of a target cell by a natural killer cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors. |
| positive regulation of muscle contraction | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. |
| glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose 6-phosphate, a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6. |
| nucleotide-excision repair, DNA gap filling | Repair of the gap in the DNA helix by DNA polymerase and DNA ligase after the portion of the strand containing the lesion has been removed by pyrimidine-dimer repair enzymes. |
| base-excision repair, gap-filling | Repair of the damaged strand by the combined action of an apurinic endouclease that degrades a few bases on the damaged strand and a polymerase that synthesizes a 'patch' in the 5' to 3' direction, using the undamaged strand as a template. |
| negative regulation of centrosome duplication | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome duplication. Centrosome duplication is the replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized. |
| regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks. |
| negative regulation of protein kinase activity by regulation of protein phosphorylation | The stopping, prevention, or reduction in frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity as a result of regulating the phosphorylation status of that protein kinase. |
| regulation of centriole replication | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a daughter centriole of an existing centriole. |
| regulation of endoribonuclease activity | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks. |
| regulation of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation by dsRNA | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation as a cellular response to double-stranded RNA. |
| regulation of mRNA stability involved in cellular response to UV | |
| positive regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction. |
| entry into host cell by a symbiont-containing vacuole | |
| extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand | A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with withdrawal of a ligand from a cell surface receptor, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| synaptic transmission, dopaminergic | The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine. |
| positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness | Any process that increases the frequency, or extent of the wakeful phase of the circadian sleep/wake cycle. The wakeful phase is the part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep. |
| negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. |
| positive regulation of corticotropin secretion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropin hormone from a cell. |
| positive regulation of cortisol secretion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cortisol from a cell. |
| regulation of NMDA receptor activity | |
| cellular response to nutrient | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus. |
| positive regulation of adipose tissue development | |
| ganglioside catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ganglioside, a ceramide oligosaccharide carrying, in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic residues. |
| glycosaminoglycan metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosaminoglycans, any one of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. Formerly known as mucopolysaccharides, they include hyaluronic acid and chondroitin, which provide lubrication in joints and form part of the matrix of cartilage. The three-dimensional structure of these molecules enables them to trap water, which forms a gel and gives glycosaminoglycans their elastic properties. |
| nervous system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure | |
| G protein-coupled receptor internalization | |
| positive regulation of interleukin-1 alpha production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 alpha production. |
| negative regulation of platelet aggregation | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules. |
| epoxide metabolic process | |
| dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) from L-tyrosine, via the metabolic precursor 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-dopa). Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine. |
| dopamine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. |
| epinephrine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine. |
| norepinephrine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine. |
| embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized during embryonic development. |
| phosphatidylcholine acyl-chain remodeling | Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylcholine, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylcholine containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains. |
| negative regulation of protein lipidation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein lipidation. |
| neurofilament bundle assembly | The assembly of neurofilaments into bundles, in which the filaments are longitudinally oriented, with numerous crossbridges between them. Neurofilament bundles may be cross-linked to each other, to membrane-bounded organelles or other cytoskeletal structures such as microtubules. |
| embryonic hemopoiesis | The stages of blood cell formation that take place within the embryo. |
| positive regulation of supramolecular fiber organization | |
| peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 4-hydroxy-L-proline | The modification of peptidyl-proline to form 4-hydroxy-L-proline; catalyzed by procollagen-proline,2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase. |
| insulin processing | The formation of mature insulin by proteolysis of the precursor preproinsulin. The signal sequence is first cleaved from preproinsulin to form proinsulin; proinsulin is then cleaved to release the C peptide, leaving the A and B chains of mature insulin linked by disulfide bridges. |
| regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of antibacterial peptide production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide production. |
| positive regulation of microtubule polymerization | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization. |
| regulation of mast cell degranulation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell degranulation. |
| positive regulation of myeloid cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. |
| cellular response to vitamin D | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus. |
| positive regulation of macrophage proliferation | |
| macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the cytokine macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| mammary gland duct morphogenesis | The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary ducts are generated and organized. Mammary ducts are epithelial tubes that transport milk. |
| regulation of macrophage migration | |
| lipoprotein catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids. |
| negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of low-density lipoprotein receptors. |
| osteoclast development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a osteoclast from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue. |
| positive regulation of vacuole organization | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole. |
| positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance | |
| positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding | |
| positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity | |
| positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport | |
| positive regulation of plasma membrane repair | |
| cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport | The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal elements such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell. |
| response to UV-B | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 290 to 320 nm. |
| isopeptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine | The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-glutamine to produce N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine. |
| antimicrobial humoral response | An immune response against microbes mediated through a body fluid. Examples of this process are seen in the antimicrobial humoral response of Drosophila melanogaster and Mus musculus. |
| negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity | |
| positive regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange | |
| negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity | |
| positive regulation of behavioral fear response | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of behavioral fear response. |
| activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity | Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity. |
| adrenergic receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. |
| AMPA selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway | |
| positive regulation of mitochondrial depolarization | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive. |
| positive regulation of beta-galactosidase activity | |
| ganglioside GM1 transport to membrane | |
| receptor-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell | Any receptor-mediated endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell; successive instances of virus endocytosis result in the accumulation of virus particles within the cell. |
| enkephalin processing | The formation of mature enkephalin, a pentapeptide hormone involved in regulating pain and nociception in the body by proteolytic processing of enkephalin propeptide. |
| elastin catabolic process | |
| macrophage apoptotic process | Any apoptotic process in a macrophage, a mononuclear phagocyte present in a variety of tissues. |
| cellular response to thyroid hormone stimulus | A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroid hormone stimulus. |
| carbohydrate derivative catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrate derivative. |
| gamma-delta T cell activation | The change in morphology and behavior of a gamma-delta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. |
| glutamyl-tRNA aminoacylation | The process of coupling glutamate to glutamyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'- adenosine residue of the tRNA. |
| prolyl-tRNA aminoacylation | The process of coupling proline to prolyl-tRNA, catalyzed by prolyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. |
| regulation of long-chain fatty acid import into cell | |
| chaperone-mediated autophagy | |
| neurofibrillary tangle assembly | |
| galactose catabolic process via UDP-galactose, Leloir pathway | |
| neuronal-glial interaction involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration | The changes in adhesion between neuronal cells and glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration. |
| odontogenesis | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food. |
| positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation. |
| regulation of basement membrane organization | |
| positive regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of integrin-mediated signaling pathway. |
| B cell homeostasis | The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells such that the total number of B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. |
| Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of activating or perpetuating an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region. |
| immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell capable of activating, perpetuating, or inhibiting an immune response. |
| Fc receptor mediated inhibitory signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region. |
| eosinophil differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specializes features of an eosinophil. |
| C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR4 signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by a the C-X-C chemokine type 4 receptor on the surface of a cell binding to one of it's physiological ligands, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| regulation of erythrocyte differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. |
| positive regulation of mast cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mast cell proliferation. |
| regulation of monocyte chemotaxis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte chemotaxis. |
| regulation of platelet aggregation | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules. |
| Peyer's patch morphogenesis | The process in which a Peyer's patch is generated and organized. Peyer's patches are typically found as nodules associated with gut epithelium with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes. |
| positive regulation of metanephric glomerulus development | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of metanephric glomerulus development, the progression of the metanephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney, or metanephros. |
| GDF15-GFRAL signaling pathway | |
| regulation of arginine metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid. |
| fumarate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumarate, the anion of trans-1,2-ethenedicarboxylic acid, the diastereoisomer of maleate. It is a key intermediate in metabolism and is formed in the TCA cycle from succinate and converted into malate. |
| malate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving malate, the anion of hydroxybutanedioic acid, a chiral hydroxydicarboxylic acid. The (+) enantiomer is an important intermediate in metabolism as a component of both the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle. |
| mitotic recombination | The exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between one DNA molecule and a homologous region of DNA that occurs during mitotic cell cycles. |
| negative regulation of telomere maintenance | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA. |
| telomeric DNA-containing double minutes formation | |
| positive regulation of t-circle formation | |
| negative regulation of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere | |
| negative regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is a series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO). |
| negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II. |
| negative regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation. |
| negative regulation of long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane | |
| negative regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling. cGMP-mediated signaling is a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic GMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response. |
| response to magnesium ion | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnesium ion stimulus. |
| positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors. |
| negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis. |
| response to hydroperoxide | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroperoxide stimulus. Hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH. |
| positive regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process | |
| phototransduction, visible light | The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from visible light into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm. |
| G protein-coupled opsin signaling pathway | |
| positive regulation of lipase activity | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid. |
| skeletal muscle satellite cell migration | The orderly movement of a skeletal muscle satellite cell from one site to another. Migration of these cells is a key step in the process of growth and repair of skeletal muscle cells. |
| regulation of smoothened signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling. |
| epidermal cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis. |
| positive regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle G1/S phase transition. |
| phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway | |
| regulation of complement activation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation. |
| regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement-dependent cytotoxicity. |
| regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide. |
| negative regulation of complement activation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation. |
| terpenoid transport | The directed movement of terpenoids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Terpenoids are a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure and include derivatives with various functional groups. |
| transepithelial transport | The directed movement of a substance from one side of an epithelium to the other. |
| ceramide translocation | |
| carboxylic acid transmembrane transport | |
| methionine transport | The directed movement of methionine, 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| phenylalanine transport | |
| proline transport | The directed movement of proline, pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| tryptophan transport | The directed movement of tryptophan, 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| tyrosine transport | The directed movement of tyrosine, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| valine transport | |
| L-histidine transport | The directed movement of a L-histidine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| L-leucine import across plasma membrane | |
| L-alanine import across plasma membrane | |
| insulin catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of insulin. |
| glycosaminoglycan catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosaminoglycans, any one of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. |
| glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate | |
| cotranslational protein targeting to membrane | The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs during translation. The transport of most secretory proteins, particularly those with more than 100 amino acids, into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen occurs in this manner, as does the import of some proteins into mitochondria. |
| SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, signal sequence recognition | The process in which SRP binds to the signal peptide in a nascent protein, causing protein elongation to pause, during cotranslational membrane targeting. |
| asparagine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid. |
| biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria | |
| negative regulation of chemotaxis | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient. |
| regulation of opioid receptor signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of opioid receptor signaling pathway. |
| cellular response to nitric oxide | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitric oxide stimulus. |
| glutathione derivative biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutathione derivative. |
| purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a receptor binding to an extracellular purine nucleotide to initiate a change in cell activity. |
| biofilm matrix disassembly | |
| fatty acid omega-oxidation | A fatty acid oxidation process in which the methyl group at the end of the fatty acid molecule (the omega carbon) is first oxidized to a hydroxyl group, then to an oxo group, and finally to a carboxyl group. The long chain dicarboxylates derived from omega-oxidation then enter the beta-oxidation pathway for further degradation. |
| alcohol catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom. |
| substance P catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the neuropeptide substance P. |
| bradykinin catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the peptide bradykinin. |
| hormone catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. |
| creatinine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving creatinine, 2-amino-1,5-dihydro-1-methyl-4H-imidazol-4-one, an end product of creatine metabolism and a normal constituent of urine. |
| amyloid-beta metabolic process | |
| neuropeptide processing | |
| striatal medium spiny neuron differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a medium spiny neuron residing in the striatum. |
| regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone. |
| positive regulation of ovulation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary. |
| GABAergic neuron differentiation | The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a GABAergic neuron. |
| negative regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of inositol phosphate biosynthesis. Inositol phosphate biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached. |
| positive regulation of inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity | Any process that increases the rate or frequency of inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reactions: D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate, and 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate. |
| positive regulation of actin filament depolymerization | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin depolymerization. |
| positive regulation of actin filament bundle assembly | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles. |
| negative regulation of calcium-mediated signaling | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling. |
| regulation of cell diameter | Any process that modulates the diameter of a cell, the length of a line segment that crosses through the center of a circular section through a cell. |
| negative regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway | |
| negative regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of T cell mediated cytotoxicity. |
| plasma membrane raft distribution | |
| regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell. |
| positive regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B- or T cell. |
| positive regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway. The Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway is a series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of activating or perpetuating an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region. |
| negative regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway. |
| DN2 thymocyte differentiation | |
| positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell migration | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell migration. |
| endothelial cell morphogenesis | The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during the differentiation of an endothelial cell. |
| negative regulation of Rho protein signal transduction | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction. |
| negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death. |
| negative regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity | |
| regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sleep; a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals. |
| regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the alternative pathway of complement activation. |
| chondroblast differentiation | The process in which a mesenchymal cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondroblast. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a chondroblast fate. A chondroblast is a precursor cell to chondrocytes. |
| negative regulation of protein refolding | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein refolding. Protein refolding is the process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones. |
| negative regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy | |
| innate immune response-activating signaling pathway | |
| respiratory burst after phagocytosis | A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases, that occurs in neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages shortly after phagocytosing material. An enhanced uptake of oxygen leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, which play a part in microbiocidal activity. |
| antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity | Cytolysis of target cells by natural killer cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, or macrophages following engagement of antibodies bound to the target cells by Fc receptors on the effector cells. |
| regulation of mRNA stability | Any process that modulates the propensity of mRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize mRNAs. |
| alkaloid catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases). |
| vitamin D catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3). |
| mineralocorticoid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. |
| positive regulation of positive chemotaxis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical. |
| ciliary neurotrophic factor-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| behavioral fear response | An acute behavioral change resulting from a perceived external threat. |
| regulation of serotonin secretion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin. |
| serotonin metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties. |
| negative regulation of norepinephrine secretion | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine. |
| negative regulation of epinephrine secretion | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine. |
| receptor transactivation | The process in which a receptor is activated by another receptor. Receptor transactivation can occur through different mechanisms and includes cross-talk between signaling pathways where one receptor activates a receptor for a different ligand, and also activation of subunits within a receptor oligomer. |
| positive regulation of potassium ion transport | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| intestinal absorption | Any process in which nutrients are taken up from the contents of the intestine. |
| negative regulation of calcium ion transport | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). |
| phospholipase C-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). |
| columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. |
| positive regulation of osteoclast proliferation | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of osteoclasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoclast cell population. |
| sneeze reflex | |
| sensory perception of itch | |
| positive regulation of testosterone secretion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of testosterone secretion. |
| regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport. |
| regulation of cell-cell adhesion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell. |
| establishment of centrosome localization | The directed movement of the centrosome to a specific location. |
| regulation of establishment of planar polarity | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of planar polarity, the coordinated organization of groups of cells in a tissue, such that they all orient to similar coordinates. |
| regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation | |
| embryonic organ development | Development, taking place during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. |
| regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis. |
| regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis. |
| positive regulation of cell fate specification | Any process that activates or enables a cell to adopt a specific fate. |
| growth factor dependent regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation; dependent on specific growth factor activity such as fibroblast growth factors and transforming growth factor beta. |
| positive regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation | |
| positive regulation of blood vessel branching | |
| very long-chain fatty acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22. |
| dopamine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. |
| negative regulation of leukocyte proliferation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation. |
| barbed-end actin filament capping | The binding of a protein or protein complex to the barbed (or plus) end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits. |
| regulation of actin nucleation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation, the initial step in the formation of an actin filament in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament. |
| regulation of lamellipodium morphogenesis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lamellipodium morphogenesis. |
| positive regulation of lamellipodium morphogenesis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lamellipodium morphogenesis. |
| negative regulation of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment | |
| dihydrobiopterin metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving a dihydrobiopterin, a reduced pteridine derivative related to folic acid; it acts as an electron carrier in tyrosine biosynthesis and its quinoid form is produced by oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin in several biological hydroxylation reactions. |
| myeloid dendritic cell activation | The change in morphology and behavior of a dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. |
| regulation of tolerance induction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction. |
| regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell. |
| negative regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly | |
| regulation of restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity | |
| V(D)J recombination | The process in which immune receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific receptor, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). |
| positive regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway. |
| T-helper 1 cell activation | |
| negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation. |
| T-helper 1 cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires the specialized features of a T-helper 1 (Th1) cell. A Th1 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype T-bet-positive and produces interferon-gamma. |
| negative regulation of apoptotic cell clearance | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic cell clearance. |
| single strand break repair | The repair of single strand breaks in DNA. Repair of such breaks is mediated by the same enzyme systems as are used in base excision repair. |
| spermatid nucleus differentiation | The specialization of the spermatid nucleus during the development of a spermatid into a mature male gamete competent for fertilization. |
| spermatid nucleus elongation | The change in shape of the spermatid nucleus from a spherical structure to an elongated organelle, during the latter part of spermatid differentiation. |
| sperm DNA decondensation | |
| negative regulation of sperm capacitation | |
| regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding of sperm to the zona pellucida. |
| cellular response to magnesium ion | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnesium ion stimulus. |
| nitrobenzene metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrobenzene (nitrobenzol), a derivative of benzene with an NO2 group attached to the ring. It is a yellow aromatic liquid used in perfumery and manufactured in large quantities in the preparation of aniline. |
| positive regulation of heart rate by epinephrine | The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction. |
| negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration | |
| negative regulation of hepatocyte growth factor production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of hepatocyte growth factor production. |
| cell proliferation in midbrain | The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the midbrain. |
| wound healing involved in inflammatory response | The series of events that restore integrity to damaged tissue that contribute to an inflammatory response. |
| negative regulation of leukocyte migration | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration. |
| heme oxidation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the loss of electrons from one or more atoms in heme. |
| smooth muscle hyperplasia | A process, occurring in smooth muscle, in which there is an increase in cell number by cell division, often leading to an increase in the size of an organ. |
| positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis. |
| regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions. |
| positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway | |
| positive regulation of microglial cell migration | |
| positive regulation of macrophage migration | |
| cell migration involved in vasculogenesis | The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the differentiation of an endothelial cell that will form de novo blood vessels and tubes. |
| positive regulation of cell proliferation by VEGF-activated platelet derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| cell migration involved in coronary angiogenesis | The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of new blood vessels in the heart from pre-existing blood vessels. |
| retina vasculature development in camera-type eye | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| smooth muscle cell chemotaxis | The directed movement of a smooth muscle cell in response to an external stimulus. |
| metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation involved in metanephros development | The multiplication or reproduction of glomerular mesangial cells in the metanephros, resulting in the expansion of the population. |
| import into nucleus | |
| neuropeptide catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of neuropeptides. Neuropeptides are signaling peptides that travel across a synaptic junction. |
| positive regulation of peptidase activity | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins. |
| dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in lung branching | The process in which a lung bud bifurcates. |
| gastric inhibitory peptide signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) binding to a cell surface receptor. The pathway proceeds with the receptor transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| diet induced thermogenesis | The process that results in increased metabolic rate in tissues of an organism. It is triggered by the detection of dietary excess. This process is achieved via signalling in the sympathetic nervous system. |
| intracellular water homeostasis | |
| regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process | Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process. |
| negative regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis, the process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules. |
| negative regulation of ruffle assembly | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ruffle assembly. |
| positive regulation of mast cell degranulation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mast cell degranulation. |
| lactose catabolic process | |
| quercetin catabolic process | |
| cellobiose catabolic process | |
| mitochondrial DNA metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving mitochondrial DNA. |
| mitochondrial DNA repair | The process of restoring mitochondrial DNA after damage. |
| DNA ADP-ribosylation | |
| regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-rapid eye movement sleep. |
| replication fork reversal | |
| regulation of base-excision repair | |
| ATP generation from poly-ADP-D-ribose | |
| negative regulation of ATP biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP biosynthetic process. |
| DNA synthesis involved in UV-damage excision repair | |
| DNA synthesis involved in DNA repair | Synthesis of DNA that proceeds from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end uses the homologous intact duplex as the template. |
| DNA replication, synthesis of primer | |
| DNA strand elongation involved in DNA replication | The process in which a DNA strand is synthesized from template DNA during replication by the action of polymerases, which add nucleotides to the 3' end of the nascent DNA strand. |
| leading strand elongation | The synthesis of DNA from a template strand in the 5' to 3' direction; leading strand elongation is continuous as it proceeds in the same direction as the replication fork. |
| lagging strand elongation | The synthesis of DNA from a template strand in a net 3' to 5' direction. Lagging strand DNA elongation proceeds by discontinuous synthesis of short stretches of DNA, known as Okazaki fragments, from RNA primers; these fragments are then joined by DNA ligase. Although each segment of nascent DNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction, the overall direction of lagging strand synthesis is 3' to 5', mirroring the progress of the replication fork. |
| regulation of type I interferon production | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon type I production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families. |
| regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity. |
| intracellular transport of viral protein in host cell | The directed movement of a viral protein within the host cell. |
| cellular response to type I interferon | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type I interferon stimulus. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families. |
| leukotriene metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid. |
| dendritic cell migration | The movement of a dendritic cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body. |
| regulation of inflammatory response to wounding | |
| leukotriene A4 biosynthetic process | |
| lipoxin biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a lipoxin. A lipoxin is a non-classic eicosanoid and signalling molecule that has four conjugated double bonds and is derived from arachidonic acid. |
| negative regulation of nerve growth factor production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of nerve growth factor (NGF). |
| peptide biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. This may include the translation of a precursor protein and its subsequent processing into a functional peptide. |
| dibasic protein processing | |
| zymogen inhibition | Any process that prevents the proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form. |
| acetyl-CoA catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated. |
| propionyl-CoA catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propionyl-CoA. |
| detection of molecule of bacterial origin | The series of events in which a stimulus from a molecule of bacterial origin is received and converted into a molecular signal. |
| female pronucleus assembly | Assembly of the haploid nucleus of the unfertilized egg. |
| regulation of meiosis I | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of meiosis I, a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the first phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two daughter cells. |
| negative regulation of oocyte maturation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation. |
| rRNA catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rRNA, ribosomal RNA, a structural constituent of ribosomes. |
| platelet maturation | |
| phosphatidylglycerol acyl-chain remodeling | Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains. |
| phosphatidylethanolamine acyl-chain remodeling | Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylethanolamine, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylethanolamine containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains. |
| glycerophospholipid catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue. |
| protein hydroxylation | The addition of a hydroxy group to a protein amino acid. |
| positive regulation of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity | |
| camera-type eye development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field. |
| macrophage chemotaxis | The movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus. |
| lymphocyte chemotaxis | The directed movement of a lymphocyte in response to an external stimulus. |
| negative regulation of filopodium assembly | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone. |
| regulation of synapse assembly | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. |
| positive regulation of heart contraction | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. |
| apelin receptor signaling pathway | |
| placenta blood vessel development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| coronary vasculature development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the blood vessels of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| mesendoderm migration | |
| cell migration involved in mesendoderm migration | The orderly movement of epithelial cells from one site to another that contributes to the migration of mesendodermal tissue. |
| positive regulation of trophoblast cell migration | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trophoblast cell migration. |
| negative regulation of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum. |
| cellular heat acclimation | Any process that increases heat tolerance of a cell in response to high temperatures. |
| positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway. |
| positive regulation of microtubule nucleation | |
| positive regulation of endoribonuclease activity | |
| negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine. |
| negative regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor signaling pathway. |
| regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction | |
| regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity | Any process that modulates the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. |
| positive regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity | Any process that increases the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. |
| calcineurin-mediated signaling | |
| negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity | |
| regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction. |
| regulation of calcium-mediated signaling | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling, the process in which a cell uses calcium ions to convert an extracellular signal into a response. |
| negative regulation of calcium ion export across plasma membrane | |
| acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway | |
| cardioblast differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. |
| sensory perception of chemical stimulus | The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. |
| maternal-to-zygotic transition of gene expression | |
| negative regulation of ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus | |
| spinal cord dorsal/ventral patterning | The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random dorsal-ventral spatial arrangement of the spinal cord. |
| smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the transmembrane receptor smoothened in a precursor cell in the ventral spinal cord that contributes to the commitment of the precursor cell to an interneuron fate. |
| spinal cord ventral commissure morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the spinal cord ventral commissure are generated and organized. |
| T cell differentiation in thymus | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a T cell via a differentiation pathway dependent upon transit through the thymus. |
| nose morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the nose are generated and organized. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity). |
| negative thymic T cell selection | The process of elimination of immature T cells in the thymus which react strongly with self-antigens. |
| negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation. |
| thymocyte apoptotic process | Any apoptotic process in a thymocyte, an immature T cell located in the thymus. |
| telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening | Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins and lengthening the telomeric DNA. |
| mast cell secretory granule organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule in a mast cell. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. |
| T cell secretory granule organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule in a T cell. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. |
| maintenance of protease location in mast cell secretory granule | A process in which a protease is maintained in a secretory granule in a mast cell and prevented from moving elsewhere. |
| maintenance of granzyme B location in T cell secretory granule | A process in which the protease granyme B is maintained in a secretory granule in a T cell and prevented from moving elsewhere. |
| positive regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion. |
| regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate. |
| regulation of entry of bacterium into host cell | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of entry of bacterium into host cell. |
| eosinophil degranulation | The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase, and eosinophil cationic protein by an eosinophil. |
| astrocyte cell migration | The orderly movement of an astrocyte, a class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. |
| positive regulation of microglial cell activation | |
| positive regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell chemotaxis. |
| myeloid cell development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a myeloid cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| negative regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of piRNA transcription | |
| maltose metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving the disaccharide maltose (4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose), an intermediate in the catabolism of glycogen and starch. |
| diaphragm contraction | A process in which force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the diaphragm. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The diaphragm is a striated muscle that is necessary for the process of respiratory gaseous exchange. |
| sucrose metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving sucrose, the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside. |
| intracellular receptor signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to an receptor located within a cell. |
| negative regulation of integrin biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins. |
| positive regulation of integrin biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins. |
| membraneless organelle assembly | |
| positive regulation of interleukin-5 production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-5 production. |
| positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation. |
| leukocyte differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a leukocyte. A leukocyte is an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. |
| positive regulation of vasculogenesis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis. |
| response to iron ion | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron ion stimulus. |
| negative regulation of cellular pH reduction | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell. |
| positive regulation of estradiol secretion | |
| negative regulation of receptor binding | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor. |
| response to nitric oxide | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitric oxide stimulus. |
| positive regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation. |
| detection of hypoxia | The series of events in which a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. |
| regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy | |
| cellular response to lipid hydroperoxide | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid hydroperoxide stimulus. Lipid hydroperoxide is the highly reactive primary oxygenated products of polyunsaturated fatty acids. |
| organic acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. |
| coumarin metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving coumarins, compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids. |
| isoquinoline alkaloid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoquinoline alkaloids, alkaloid compounds that contain bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings and are derived from a 3,4-dihydroxytyramine (dopamine) precursor that undergoes a Schiff base addition with aldehydes of different origin. |
| negative regulation of binding | Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. |
| negative regulation of organofluorine metabolic process | |
| plus-end-directed organelle transport along microtubule | The directed movement of an organelle towards the plus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination. |
| regulation of mitochondrial fission | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission is the division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments. |
| negative regulation of mitochondrial fission | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission is the division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments. |
| axonal transport | |
| positive regulation of protein localization to synapse | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to synapse. |
| negative regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion. |
| positive regulation of protein localization | |
| cellular response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus | |
| negative regulation of cAMP/PKA signal transduction | |
| negative regulation of catecholamine secretion | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine. |
| mast cell activation | The change in morphology and behavior of a mast cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the mast cell has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors. |
| positive regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of cardiac muscle. |
| positive regulation of dense core granule biogenesis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule biogenesis. |
| immature B cell differentiation | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an immature B cell. |
| positive regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell cytokine production. |
| Kit signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals that starts with the binding of stem cell factor to the tyrosine kinase receptor KIT on the surface of a cell, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Stem cell factor (KIT ligand) binding to the receptor Kit mediates receptor dimerization, activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and autophosphorylation. The activated receptor then phosphorylates various substrates, thereby activating distinct signaling cascades within the cell that trigger a change in state or activity of the cell. |
| mast cell proliferation | The expansion of a mast cell population by cell division. |
| melanocyte adhesion | The attachment of a melanocyte to another cell via adhesion molecules. |
| positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation | |
| uroporphyrinogen III biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of uroporphyrinogen III. |
| isotype switching to IgG isotypes | The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of an IgG isotype, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and one of the IgG constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. |
| positive regulation of thyroid hormone receptor signaling pathway | |
| negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription initiation | |
| central nervous system myelin maintenance | The process in which the structure and material content of mature central nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state. |
| microglial cell proliferation | The expansion of a microglial cell population by cell division. |
| protein targeting to lysosome involved in chaperone-mediated autophagy | |
| regulation of neuronal signal transduction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal signal transduction. |
| response to cycloheximide | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloheximide stimulus. Cycloheximide (actidione) is an antibiotic produced by some Streptomyces species which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes. |
| taurine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats. |
| regulation of adaptive immune response | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response. |
| regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of differentiation of regulatory T cells. |
| regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of the force of heart contraction | Any process that increases the force of heart muscle contraction. |
| post-translational protein targeting to membrane, translocation | |
| regulation of protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the protein folding process that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Secreted, plasma membrane and organelle proteins are folded in the ER, assisted by chaperones and foldases (protein disulphide isomerases), and additional factors required for optimal folding (ATP, Ca2+ and an oxidizing environment to allow disulfide bond formation). |
| regulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response | |
| regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response | |
| regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response | |
| hemidesmosome assembly | Assembly of hemidesmosomes, integrin-containing protein complexes that bind to laminin in the basal lamina. Hemidesmosomes form the contact between the basal surface of epithelial cells and the underlying basal lamina. |
| embryonic limb morphogenesis | The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the limb are generated and organized. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. |
| negative regulation of axon extension | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon outgrowth. |
| positive regulation of anterograde dense core granule transport | |
| regulation of organelle transport along microtubule | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organelle transport along microtubule. |
| positive regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport | |
| negative regulation of microtubule binding | |
| negative regulation of supramolecular fiber organization | |
| regulation of protein import | |
| chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex disassembly | |
| intermediate-density lipoprotein particle remodeling | The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within an intermediate-density lipoprotein particle. |
| Schwann cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a Schwann cell. Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system, where they insulate neurons and axons, and regulate the environment in which neurons function. |
| positive regulation of Schwann cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation. |
| rhombomere 3 structural organization | |
| rhombomere 5 structural organization | |
| long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane | |
| L-ascorbic acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-ascorbic acid, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate; L-ascorbic acid is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species. |
| fructose transmembrane transport | |
| regulation of intestinal absorption | |
| UMP biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UMP, uridine monophosphate. |
| complement receptor mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a component of the complement pathway binding to a complement receptor. Such components include both whole complement proteins and fragments of complement proteins generated through the activity of the complement pathway. |
| ectodermal cell differentiation | The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of an ectodermal cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. |
| positive regulation of monoatomic ion transport | |
| regulation of glial cell proliferation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. |
| postsynaptic membrane organization | The maintenance of membrane composition in a postsynaptic membrane, the specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). |
| monoatomic cation transport | |
| behavioral response to nicotine | Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a nicotine stimulus. |
| membrane raft localization | Any process in which membrane rafts are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. Membrane rafts are small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. |
| establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion | The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the mitochondrion. |
| regulation of exocyst assembly | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocyst assembly. |
| regulation of exocyst localization | Any process that modulates the localization of exocysts. An exocyst is a protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse. |
| modification of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton | |
| establishment of protein localization to organelle | The directed movement of a protein to a specific location on or in an organelle. Encompasses establishment of localization in the membrane or lumen of a membrane-bounded organelle. |
| vitamin D receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a vitamin D receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. |
| positive regulation of cardioblast proliferation | |
| carnitine metabolic process, CoA-linked | The chemical reactions and pathways involving carnitine, where metabolism is linked to CoA. |
| fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase | A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway in which the initial step of each oxidation cycle, which converts an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, is catalyzed by acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; the electrons removed by oxidation pass through the respiratory chain to oxygen and leave H2O as the product. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively). |
| medium-chain fatty acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving medium-chain fatty acids, any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12. |
| medium-chain fatty acid catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12. |
| chordate embryonic development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through a stage including a notochord and neural tube until birth or egg hatching. |
| phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling | A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling to convert a signal into a response. Phosphatidylinositols include phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives. |
| positive regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retroviral genome replication. |
| NADP metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; metabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH. |
| pentose biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule. |
| ribose phosphate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar. |
| post-translational protein targeting to endoplasmic reticulum membrane | |
| nuclear receptor-mediated bile acid signaling pathway | |
| regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O. |
| response to bile acid | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bile acid stimulus. |
| negative regulation of cardiac muscle tissue development | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development. |
| response to light stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light. |
| negative regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity | Any process that stops or reduces the rate of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate. |
| NADH metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid. |
| coumarin catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of coumarins, compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids. |
| regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction. |
| regulation of skeletal muscle contraction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction. |
| cardiac muscle cell action potential | An action potential that occurs in a cardiac muscle cell. |
| regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus. |
| positive regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity. |
| methionine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. |
| one-carbon metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving the transfer of one-carbon units in various oxidation states. |
| serine family amino acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine. |
| serine family amino acid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine. |
| methionine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. |
| 10-formyltetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process | |
| embryonic neurocranium morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the neurocranium are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The neurocranium is the portion of the vertebrate skull surrounding the brain. |
| somite development | The progression of a somite from its initial formation to the mature structure. Somites are mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo. |
| positive regulation of cholesterol transport | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| urea metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving urea, the water soluble compound O=C-(NH2)2. |
| positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction. |
| regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation. |
| store-operated calcium entry | A calcium ion entry mechanism in the plasma membrane activated by the depletion of calcium ion from the internal calcium ion store in the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| calcium ion import into cytosol | The directed movement of calcium ion into a cytosol. |
| putrescine biosynthetic process from arginine, via ornithine | |
| translesion synthesis | The replication of damaged DNA by synthesis across a lesion in the template strand; a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex inserts a defined nucleotide across from the lesion which allows DNA synthesis to continue beyond the lesion. This process can be mutagenic depending on the damaged nucleotide and the inserted nucleotide. |
| positive regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid. |
| mitotic telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication | |
| histidyl-tRNA aminoacylation | The process of coupling histidine to histidyl-tRNA, catalyzed by histidyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. |
| intestinal lipid absorption | |
| ADP transport | The directed movement of ADP, adenosine diphosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| GTP biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GTP, guanosine triphosphate. |
| nuclear pore organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear pore. |
| regulation of mRNA export from nucleus | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. |
| nuclear matrix organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear matrix, the dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane. |
| nuclear pore complex assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nuclear pore complex. |
| regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid separation. Mitotic sister chromatid separation is the process in which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during mitosis. |
| positive regulation of heterochromatin formation | |
| mRNA export from nucleus in response to heat stress | The directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for the organism; in particular, a process that enables an organism withstand exposure to temperatures that would otherwise lethally impair poly(A)+ mRNA-nucleus export. |
| response to epidermal growth factor | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epidermal growth factor stimulus. |
| negative regulation of chondrocyte development | |
| negative regulation of T cell apoptotic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process. |
| phosphocreatine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphocreatine, a phosphagen of creatine which is synthesized and broken down by creatine phosphokinase. |
| type I hypersensitivity | |
| negative regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity | Any process that stops or reduces the rate of endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks. |
| cytotoxic T cell pyroptotic cell death | |
| aortic valve development | |
| cardiocyte differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual. |
| positive regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of ossification | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation. |
| endodermal-mesodermal cell signaling | |
| cardiac atrium formation | The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac atrium from unspecified parts. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle. |
| positive regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells. |
| negative regulation of steroid biosynthetic process | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. |
| negative regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone. |
| embryonic heart tube anterior/posterior pattern specification | The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of cell differentiation that results in the anterior/posterior subdivision of the embryonic heart tube. In Drosophila this results in subdivision of the dorsal vessel into to the posterior heart proper and the anterior aorta. |
| positive regulation of odontogenesis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth. |
| mesenchymal cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types. |
| negative regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion. |
| corticotropin hormone secreting cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a corticotropic hormone secreting cell. An corticotropic hormone secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces corticotropin. |
| thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell. A thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyrotrophin. |
| mesenchyme development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesenchymal tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mesenchymal tissue is made up of loosely packed stellate cells. |
| mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureteric bud development | The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population of the ureteric bud, that contributes to ureteric bud development. |
| negative regulation of cortisol biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cortisol biosynthetic process. |
| muscular septum morphogenesis | The process in which the muscular septum is generated and organized. The muscular septum is the lower part of the ventricular septum. |
| apoptotic process involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis | |
| bronchus development | The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bronchus from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the bronchus and ends with the mature structure. The bronchus is the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs. |
| trachea development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trachea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches. |
| epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis | The process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched epithelial tubes of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units. |
| epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis | The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the lung. |
| bud dilation involved in lung branching | The process in which a bud in the lung increases radially. |
| lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a lymphoid progenitor cell. Lymphoid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the lymphoid lineages. |
| regulation of cell fate commitment | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. |
| negative regulation of T cell differentiation in thymus | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation in the thymus. |
| tendon cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a tendon cell. Tendon cell are elongated fibrocytes in which the cytoplasm is stretched between the collagen fibres of the tendon. Tendon cells have a central cell nucleus with a prominent nucleolus, a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, and are responsible for synthesis and turnover of tendon fibres and ground substance. |
| intermediate mesodermal cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an intermediate mesoderm cell. |
| smooth muscle tissue development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| positive regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development. |
| positive regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units. |
| pharyngeal arch artery morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of a pharyngeal arch artery is generated and organized. The pharyngeal arch arteries are a series of six paired embryological vascular structures, the development of which give rise to several major arteries, such as the stapedial artery, the middle meningeal artery, the internal carotid artery and the pulmonary artery. |
| negative regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process. |
| glomerular capillary formation | The process that gives rise to a glomerular capillary. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. |
| negative regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation. |
| nephric duct formation | The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a nephric duct. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney. |
| negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the ureter gland over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. |
| negative regulation of glomerulus development | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of glomerulus development, the progression of the glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney. |
| negative regulation of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis. |
| negative regulation of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis. |
| negative regulation of Schwann cell proliferation | Any process that decreases the frequency or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system. |
| myotube differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. |
| camera-type eye morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field. |
| skeletal muscle fiber development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast. |
| platelet morphogenesis | Generation and organization of a platelet, a non-nucleated disk-shaped cell formed by extrusion from megakaryocytes, found in the blood of all mammals, and mainly involved in blood coagulation. |
| antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I | The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules. |
| regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin | The process in which renin-angiotensin modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. |
| mononuclear cell proliferation | The expansion of a mononuclear cell population by cell division. A mononuclear cell is a leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form. |
| regulation of angiotensin metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving angiotensin. |
| regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation. |
| desmosome assembly | A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a desmosome. A desmosome is a patch-like intercellular junction found in vertebrate tissues, consisting of parallel zones of two cell membranes, separated by an space of 25-35 nm, and having dense fibrillar plaques in the subjacent cytoplasm. |
| adherens junction organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments. |
| cellular response to lithium ion | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus. |
| cellular response to indole-3-methanol | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indole-3-methanol stimulus. |
| regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of dephosphorylation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a molecule. |
| intestinal epithelial cell development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals. |
| negative regulation of neutrophil activation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil activation. |
| regulation of caveolin-mediated endocytosis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of caveolin-mediated endocytosis. |
| recombinational repair | A DNA repair process that involves the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the broken DNA molecule and a homologous region of DNA. |
| positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation. |
| regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation. |
| blood vessel maturation | A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a blood vessel to attain its fully functional state. |
| definitive hemopoiesis | A second wave of blood cell production that, in vertebrates, generates long-term hemopoietic stem cells that continously provide erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid lineages throughout adulthood. |
| small-subunit processome assembly | |
| negative regulation of t-circle formation | |
| base-excision repair, AP site formation via deaminated base removal | |
| response to interferon-alpha | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-alpha stimulus. Interferon-alpha is a type I interferon. |
| interleukin-7-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-7 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| smooth muscle hypertrophy | The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size of its smooth muscle cells without cell division. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development, and can also occur in mature structures on demand. In the uterus, smooth muscle cells undergo hypertrophy during pregnancy. |
| cytochrome complex assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cytochrome complex. A cytochrome complex is a protein complex in which at least one of the proteins is a cytochrome, i.e. a heme-containing protein involved in catalysis of redox reactions. |
| helper T cell extravasation | The migration of a helper T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue. A helper T-cell is an effector T cell that provides help in the form of secreted cytokines to other immune cells. |
| chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 signaling pathway | |
| negative regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation | |
| negative regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell chemotaxis. |
| regulation of chronic inflammatory response | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response. |
| activation of phospholipase D activity | Any process that initiates the activity of inactive phospholipase D. |
| chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 signaling pathway | |
| visceral muscle development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| multicellular organismal-level water homeostasis | |
| intracellular pH elevation | Any process that increases the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. |
| membrane hyperpolarization | The process in which membrane potential changes in the hyperpolarizing direction from the resting potential, usually from negative to more negative. |
| positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity | |
| positive regulation of voltage-gated chloride channel activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated chloride channel activity. |
| regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway. |
| glial cell migration | The orderly movement of a glial cell, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system. |
| cell-matrix adhesion involved in ameboidal cell migration | The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix that contributes to the directed movement of an ameboid cell. |
| negative regulation of protein homodimerization activity | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein homodimerization, interacting selectively with an identical protein to form a homodimer. |
| embryonic eye morphogenesis | The process occurring in the embryo by which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic eye are generated and organized. |
| regulation of translation in response to stress | Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). |
| intermediate filament polymerization | |
| regulation of endothelial cell migration | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium. |
| negative regulation of interleukin-1 production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 production. |
| insulin receptor internalization | A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the movement of an insulin receptor from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell. |
| negative regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation | |
| regulation of endothelial cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation. |
| regulation of homophilic cell adhesion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of homophilic cell adhesion. |
| negative regulation of hepatocyte proliferation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte proliferation. |
| negative regulation of hormone secretion | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. |
| oncostatin-M-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of oncostatin-M (OSM) to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. OSM can signal via at least two different receptors (a specific receptor and a LIF receptor) to activate different downstream signal transduction pathways. |
| activation of plasma proteins involved in acute inflammatory response | Any process activating plasma proteins by proteolysis as part of an acute inflammatory response. |
| activation of blood coagulation via clotting cascade | Any process that initiates the clotting cascade of blood coagulation, a cascade of plasma enzymes that is triggered following damage to blood vessels, leading to formation of a clot. |
| positive regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity | |
| antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib | The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family. |
| antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib | The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family. |
| regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity. |
| positive regulation of TRAIL production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of TRAIL production. |
| negative regulation of natural killer cell activation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation. |
| positive regulation of natural killer cell activation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation. |
| T cell activation involved in immune response | The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. |
| protein kinase A signaling | A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound. |
| regulation of intracellular protein transport | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. |
| actin crosslink formation | The process in which two or more actin filaments are connected together by proteins that act as crosslinks between the filaments. The crosslinked filaments may be on the same or differing axes. |
| translational termination | The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome, usually in response to a termination codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA in the universal genetic code). |
| respiratory electron transport chain | A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient. |
| negative regulation of muscle contraction | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. |
| alpha-glucoside transport | |
| intestinal D-glucose absorption | |
| pentose transmembrane transport | |
| fucose transmembrane transport | |
| myo-inositol transport | The directed movement of myo-inositol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Myo-inositol is 1,2,3,4,5/4,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms. |
| renal D-glucose absorption | |
| intestinal hexose absorption | |
| negative regulation of serine-type endopeptidase activity | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of serine-type endopeptidase activity. |
| negative regulation of phospholipase A2 activity | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase A2 activity. |
| testosterone biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of testosterone, an androgen having 17beta-hydroxy and 3-oxo groups, together with unsaturation at C-4 C-5. |
| calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules | The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that require the presence of calcium for the interaction. |
| carboxylic acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). |
| protein homotrimerization | The formation of a protein homotrimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated identical subunits. |
| folic acid transport | The directed movement of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines. |
| regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by mesenchymal-epithelial signaling | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis as a result of signals being generated by the mesenchyme and received and interpreted by the salivary gland epithelium. |
| positive regulation of killing of cells of another organism | |
| nuclear transport | The directed movement of substances into, out of, or within the nucleus. |
| negative regulation of leukocyte apoptotic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte apoptotic process. |
| negative regulation of adaptive immune response | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response. |
| sucrose catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside. |
| neuronal-glial interaction involved in hindbrain glial-mediated radial cell migration | |
| plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization | |
| negative regulation of glial cell migration | |
| phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). |
| response to amphetamine | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amphetamine stimulus. Amphetamines consist of a group of compounds related to alpha-methylphenethylamine. |
| adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). |
| adult walking behavior | The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg. |
| cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration | The migration of GABAergic interneuron precursors from the subpallium to the cerebral cortex. |
| peristalsis | A wavelike sequence of involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation that passes along a tubelike structure, such as the intestine, impelling the contents onwards. |
| response to histamine | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a histamine stimulus. Histamine, the biogenic amine 2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine, is involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter. |
| response to cocaine | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cocaine stimulus. Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. |
| regulation of potassium ion transport | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| behavioral response to cocaine | Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a cocaine stimulus. |
| behavioral response to ethanol | Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ethanol stimulus. |
| positive regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of dopamine into a cell. |
| positive regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor production | |
| regulation of neutrophil activation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil activation. |
| cellular response to alkaline pH | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH > 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. |
| actin rod assembly | The assembly of actin rods, a cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules. |
| positive regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore. |
| regulation of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle. |
| positive regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway | |
| glucose import in response to insulin stimulus | |
| white fat cell proliferation | |
| 7-methylguanosine cap hypermethylation | Hypermethylation of the 7-(mono)methylguanosine (m(7)G) cap structure at the 2' position of the guanosine residue to convert a mono-methylated cap to a 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine cap structure. This type of cap modification occurs on small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and is dependent on prior guanine-N7 methylation. |
| melanin biosynthetic process from tyrosine | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin from other compounds, including tyrosine. |
| eye pigment biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of eye pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the eye. |
| response to blue light | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a blue light stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. |
| melanin biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom. |
| positive regulation of receptor binding | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor. |
| negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development. |
| regulation of activated T cell proliferation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation. |
| D-amino acid catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids. |
| D-serine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. |
| D-alanine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine. |
| D-serine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. |
| PML body organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of PML bodies, a class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia). |
| endothelial cell-cell adhesion | The attachment of an endothelial cell to another endothelial cell via adhesion molecules. |
| bundle of His cell-Purkinje myocyte adhesion involved in cell communication | The attachment of a bundle of His cell to a Purkinje myocyte via adhesion molecules that results in the cells being juxtaposed so that they can communicate. |
| regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a ventricular cardiac muscle cell contributing to the regulation of its contraction. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. |
| leukemia inhibitory factor signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of leukemia inhibitory factor to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| positive regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity, forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros. |
| regulation of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation. |
| glutamine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid. |
| protein palmitoylation | The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a protein. |
| intracellular ammonium homeostasis | |
| fructose biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose. |
| cellular hyperosmotic salinity response | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, an increase in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment. |
| susceptibility to natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity | The process of causing a cell to become susceptible to natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity. |
| susceptibility to T cell mediated cytotoxicity | The process of causing a cell to become susceptible to T cell mediated cytotoxicity. |
| regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide. |
| regulation of cell-substrate adhesion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules. |
| regulation of respiratory burst | Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. |
| lymphocyte aggregation | The adhesion of one lymphocyte to one or more other lymphocytes via adhesion molecules. |
| regulation of neutrophil migration | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil migration. |
| regulation of translational termination | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination. |
| positive regulation of snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II | |
| positive regulation of myotube differentiation | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. |
| response to denervation involved in regulation of muscle adaptation | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a denervation stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation. |
| positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast. |
| regulation of myoblast fusion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast fusion. |
| interleukin-9-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-9 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| lactose biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactose, the disaccharide galactopyranosyl-glucose. |
| positive regulation of circulating fibrinogen levels | |
| thiamine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver. |
| positive regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. |
| regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction | |
| cortical microtubule organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane of a cell. |
| protein localization to cell cortex | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell cortex. |
| regulation of organelle assembly | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. |
| negative regulation of p38MAPK cascade | |
| positive regulation of early endosome to late endosome transport | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of early endosome to late endosome transport. |
| renal tubular secretion | Secretion of substances from peritubular capillaries into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine. Substances that are secreted include organic anions, ammonia, potassium and drugs. |
| neural crest cell migration involved in heart formation | |
| cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis | The orderly movement of a neural crest cell from one site to another that will contribute to the morphogenesis of the outflow tract. |
| anterior neural tube closure | |
| cellular response to folic acid | |
| positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process | Any positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in apoptotic process. |
| cellular response to leucine starvation | |
| ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential | An action potential that occurs in a ventricular cardiac muscle cell. |
| membrane repolarization during action potential | The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential. |
| membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential | |
| negative regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity. |
| B cell proliferation involved in immune response | The expansion of a B cell population by cell division following B cell activation during an immune response. |
| antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B or T cell. |
| regulation of B cell activation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation. |
| ductus arteriosus closure | The morphogenesis process in which the ductus arteriosus changes to no longer permit blood flow after birth. The ductus arteriosus is the shunt between the aorta and the pulmonary artery which allows blood to bypass the fetus' lungs. |
| regulation of prostaglandin catabolic process | |
| positive regulation of metabolic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. |
| positive regulation of vascular wound healing | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature. |
| positive regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells. |
| sequestering of extracellular ligand from receptor | The process of binding or confining an extracellular signaling ligand, such that the ligand is unable to bind to its cell surface receptor. |
| ubiquinone metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme. |
| vitamin E metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant. |
| vitamin K metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the forms of vitamin K, quinone-derived vitamins which are involved in the synthesis of blood-clotting factors in mammals. Vitamin K substances share a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and vary in the aliphatic side chains attached to the molecule. |
| heparan sulfate proteoglycan catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans that have repeat units consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4) linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues, the former being a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic and L-iduronic acids, and the latter being either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups. |
| keratan sulfate proteoglycan catabolic process | |
| regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is a series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO). |
| basophil chemotaxis | |
| positive regulation of leukocyte migration | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration. |
| coronary vein morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of veins of the heart are generated and organized. |
| positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis by VEGF-activated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to a VEGFR on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis. |
| primitive erythrocyte differentiation | Erythrocyte differentiation which occurs as part of the process of primitive hemopoiesis. |
| cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. |
| vascular wound healing | Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature. |
| cellular stress response to acid chemical | |
| negative regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of endothelial barrier. |
| negative regulation of adherens junction organization | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adherens junction organization. |
| negative regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability | |
| positive regulation of glycogen catabolic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen. |
| antigen processing and presentation, endogenous lipid antigen via MHC class Ib | The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses lipid antigen of endogenous origin in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 family. |
| colon epithelial cell migration | The orderly movement of a colonic epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. |
| positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of ubiquitin transferase activity. |
| protein-DNA complex assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and DNA molecules to form a protein-DNA complex. |
| N-acetylneuraminate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid. |
| pre-B cell allelic exclusion | Expression of a single heavy chain allele during pre-B cell differentiation. |
| immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination | The process in which immunoglobulin gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). For immunoglobulin heavy chains V, D, and J gene segments are joined, and for immunoglobulin light chains V and J gene segments are joined. |
| B cell lineage commitment | The process in which a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to become any type of B cell. |
| epithelial cell-cell adhesion | The attachment of an epithelial cell to another epithelial cell via adhesion molecules. |
| desmosome organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a desmosome. A desmosome is a patch-like intercellular junction found in vertebrate tissues, consisting of parallel zones of two cell membranes, separated by an space of 25-35 nm, and having dense fibrillar plaques in the subjacent cytoplasm. |
| ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the compact cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized. |
| protein localization to cell-cell junction | |
| protein localization to chromosome | Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a specific location on a chromosome. |
| regulation of DNA damage checkpoint | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint. |
| regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. |
| regulation of definitive erythrocyte differentiation | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of definitive erythrocyte differentiation. Definitive erythrocyte differentiation occurs as part of the process of definitive hemopoiesis. |
| basophil differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires specialized features of a basophil cell. |
| eosinophil fate commitment | The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a eosinophil cell. A eosinophil is any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin. |
| erythrocyte development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an erythrocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| negative regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding. |
| phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine. |
| fatty acid oxidation | The removal of one or more electrons from a fatty acid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen. |
| regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway. |
| cellular response to interleukin-13 | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-13 stimulus. |
| regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of engulfment of apoptotic cell. |
| positive regulation of urine volume | Any process that increases the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time. |
| positive regulation of renal sodium excretion | Any process that increases the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time. |
| positive regulation of monocyte aggregation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte aggregation. |
| quinone catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of quinone. |
| positive regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling | |
| fructose 2,6-bisphosphate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. The D enantiomer is an important regulator of the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. It inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and activates phosphofructokinase. |
| T-helper 1 cell lineage commitment | The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 1 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell specialized to promote immunological processes often associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and pathological conditions such as arthritis. |
| regulation of T cell migration | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell migration. |
| glucocorticoid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects. |
| prostanoid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostanoids, any compound based on or derived from the prostanoate structure. |
| response to glucagon | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucagon stimulus. |
| positive regulation of triglyceride lipase activity | Any process that increases the activity of triglyceride lipase. |
| embryonic skeletal system morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. |
| regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. |
| monocyte extravasation | The migration of a monocyte from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue. |
| glomerular endothelium development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus. |
| calcium-ion regulated exocytosis | |
| negative regulation of signaling | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. |
| negative regulation of calcium ion import across plasma membrane | |
| regulation of translation initiation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress | |
| positive regulation of cap-dependent translational initiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cap-dependent translational initiation. |
| positive regulation of cap-independent translational initiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cap-independent translational initiation. |
| electron transport chain | A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient. |
| positive regulation of monooxygenase activity | Any process that activates or increases the activity of a monooxygenase. |
| organofluorine metabolic process | |
| glutathione catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins. |
| homocysteine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid. Homocysteine is an important intermediate in the metabolic reactions of its S-methyl derivative, methionine. |
| lactam catabolic process | |
| leukotriene D4 catabolic process | |
| thyroid-stimulating hormone signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) binding to a cell surface receptor. The pathway proceeds with the receptor transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| cellular response to glycoprotein | |
| cellular response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone | |
| islet amyloid polypeptide processing | The formation of mature islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) by posttranslational processing of pro-islet amyloid polypeptide (pro-IAPP). |
| regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. |
| regulation of hormone metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone. |
| regulation of triglyceride metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. |
| regulation of phospholipid metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid metabolic process. |
| regulation of lamellipodium assembly | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell. |
| response to platelet-derived growth factor | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platelet-derived growth factor stimulus. |
| regulation of cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in regulation of contraction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a cardiac muscle cell contributing to the regulation of its contraction. |
| calcium ion transport from cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum | The directed movement of calcium ion from cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum. |
| short-chain fatty acid transport | The directed movement of short-chain fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Short-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with a chain length of less than C6. |
| sensory perception of taste | The series of events required for an organism to receive a gustatory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Gustation involves the direct detection of chemical composition, usually through contact with chemoreceptor cells. This is a neurological process. |
| response to linoleic acid | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a linoleic acid stimulus. |
| lipid transport across blood-brain barrier | |
| cardiac left ventricle morphogenesis | The process in which the left cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. |
| regulation of DNA recombination | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination, a DNA metabolic process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. |
| regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade. |
| cellular response to lipid | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus. |
| cellular response to lectin | |
| positive regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation. |
| cellular response to sodium dodecyl sulfate | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) stimulus. |
| positive regulation of cell cycle phase transition | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle phase transition. |
| negative regulation of macrophage activation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage activation. |
| positive regulation of angiotensin-activated signaling pathway | |
| regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell differentiation. |
| substrate-dependent cell migration | The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another along a substrate such as the extracellular matrix; the migrating cell forms a protrusion that attaches to the substrate. |
| negative regulation of gonadotropin secretion | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin. |
| atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential | An action potential that occurs in an atrial cardiac muscle cell. |
| microtubule-based transport | Microtubule-based movement that results in the net, directed movement of organelles or other particles from one location in the cell to another. |
| positive regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium | |
| positive regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation | |
| osteoclast proliferation | The multiplication or reproduction of osteoclasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoclast cell population. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue, which typically differentiates from monocytes. |
| regulation of osteoblast proliferation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation. |
| sphingomyelin metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine, any of a class of phospholipids in which the amino group of sphingosine is in amide linkage with one of several fatty acids, while the terminal hydroxyl group of sphingosine is esterified to phosphorylcholine. |
| regulation of glucose mediated signaling pathway | |
| cellular response to jasmonic acid stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a jasmonic acid stimulus. |
| positive regulation of chromatin organization | |
| regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. |
| cellular response to epinephrine stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epinephrine stimulus. Epinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C9H13NO3; it is secreted by the adrenal medulla to act as a hormone, and released by certain neurons to act as a neurotransmitter active in the central nervous system. |
| positive regulation of biomineral tissue development | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds. |
| positive regulation of sodium-dependent phosphate transport | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium-dependent phosphate transport. |
| regulation of odontoblast differentiation | |
| peripheral B cell tolerance induction | |
| positive regulation of tolerance induction | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction. |
| positive regulation of T cell tolerance induction | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction. |
| immune response-inhibiting cell surface receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell capable of inhibiting an immune response. |
| negative regulation of dendritic cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of gluconeogenesis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis. |
| regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway | |
| negative regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interleukin-6 binding to a cell surface receptor. |
| regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of positive thymic T cell selection | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of positive thymic T cell selection. |
| negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway. |
| tyrosine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid. |
| serotonin biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties. |
| vestibulocochlear nerve development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vestibulocochlear nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea. |
| optic nerve morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structure of the optic nerve is generated and organized. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain. |
| lateral geniculate nucleus development | The progression of the lateral geniculate nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary processor of visual information received from the retina. |
| regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine. |
| positive regulation of dopamine secretion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine. |
| regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. |
| negative regulation of action potential | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. |
| membrane depolarization | The process in which membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the resting potential, usually from negative to positive. For example, the initial depolarization during the rising phase of an action potential is in the direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential. |
| synaptic transmission involved in micturition | The process of communication from a neuron to a smooth muscle in the bladder that contributes to the expulsion of urine from the body. |
| response to acetylcholine | |
| CTP biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate. |
| regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process | Any process that modulates the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death. |
| endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition | A transition where an endocardial cushion cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. |
| regulation of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis | |
| regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis. |
| positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure | The process that increases the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. |
| cardiac ventricle morphogenesis | The process in which the cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart. |
| cardiac atrium morphogenesis | The process in which the cardiac atrium is generated and organized. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle. |
| central nervous system vasculogenesis | The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes in the central nervous system. The capillary endothelial cells in the brain are specialized to form the blood-brain barrier. |
| dorsal aorta morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal aorta are generated and organized. The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once. |
| venous blood vessel morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of venous blood vessels are generated and organized. Veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the body and its organs to the heart. |
| positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation | |
| primary miRNA processing | Any process involved in the conversion of a primary microRNA transcript into a pre-microRNA molecule. |
| miRNA transcription | |
| regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell differentiation. |
| intracellular triglyceride homeostasis | |
| positive regulation of B cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation. |
| sterol homeostasis | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sterol within an organism or cell. |
| cellular response to fructose stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fructose stimulus. |
| cellular response to interleukin-4 | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-4 stimulus. |
| positive regulation of plasma cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasma cell differentiation. |
| negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. |
| positive regulation of lactation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lactation. |
| response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin-like growth factor stimulus. |
| negative regulation of activation of membrane attack complex | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade. |
| negative regulation of immunoglobulin production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production. |
| negative regulation of plasma cell differentiation | |
| ATP export | |
| positive regulation of activation of membrane attack complex | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade. |
| immune complex clearance by erythrocytes | |
| negative regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway. |
| regulation of T cell proliferation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell proliferation. |
| negative regulation of endocytosis | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis. |
| negative regulation of NK T cell activation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell activation. |
| regulation of T cell apoptotic process | Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of T cell death by apoptotic process. |
| regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors. |
| negative regulation of immunological synapse formation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immunological synapse formation. |
| negative regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell. |
| pro-T cell differentiation | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-T cell. Pro-T cells are the earliest stage of the T cell lineage but are not fully committed. |
| myeloid leukocyte differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte lineage. |
| negative regulation of neutrophil degranulation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of neutrophil degranulation. |
| endothelial to hematopoietic transition | |
| negative regulation of protein localization to chromatin | |
| pericyte cell differentiation | |
| positive regulation of antifungal innate immune response | |
| regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation | |
| vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) located on the surface of the receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| modulation by host of viral transcription | Any process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription. |
| positive regulation of establishment of protein localization to telomere | |
| tubulin complex assembly | The aggregation and bonding together of alpha- and beta-tubulin to form a tubulin heterodimer. |
| chaperone mediated protein folding independent of cofactor | |
| positive regulation of protein localization to Cajal body | |
| regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway. A type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a type I interferon binding to a cell surface receptor. |
| positive regulation of receptor catabolic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor catabolic process. |
| leukotriene A4 metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene A4. |
| negative regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process | Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death. |
| unsaturated fatty acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving an unsaturated fatty acid, any fatty acid containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms. |
| lipoxin B4 biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoxin B4. Lipoxin B4 is a C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (14R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (6E)- (8Z)-, (10E)- and (12E)-double bonds. |
| regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling. |
| transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair | The nucleotide-excision repair process that carries out preferential repair of DNA lesions on the actively transcribed strand of the DNA duplex. In addition, the transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair pathway is required for the recognition and repair of a small subset of lesions that are not recognized by the global genome nucleotide excision repair pathway. |
| pericardium morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structure of the pericardium is generated and organized. |
| chorio-allantoic fusion | The cell-cell adhesion process in which the cells of the chorion fuse to the cells of the allantois. |
| heart trabecula morphogenesis | The process of shaping a trabecula in the heart. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue. |
| allantois development | |
| regulation of protein sumoylation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO groups to a protein. |
| positive regulation of hormone biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones. |
| glomerular mesangial cell proliferation | The multiplication or reproduction of glomerular mesangial cells, resulting in the expansion of the population. |
| positive regulation of glomerular metanephric mesangial cell proliferation | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation. |
| cellular response to interleukin-8 | |
| positive regulation of post-translational protein modification | |
| regulation of progesterone biosynthetic process | |
| regulation of protein localization to adherens junction | |
| lipopolysaccharide transport | The directed movement of lipopolysaccharides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A lipopolysaccharide is any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide. |
| positive regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. |
| insulin secretion | The regulated release of proinsulin from secretory granules (B granules) in the B cells of the pancreas; accompanied by cleavage of proinsulin to form mature insulin. |
| striated muscle cell development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle cells contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle. |
| positive regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway | |
| lens fiber cell morphogenesis | The process in which the structures of a lens fiber cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a lens fiber cell. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye. |
| L-asparagine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-asparagine, (2S)-2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid. |
| positive regulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response | |
| peptide amidation | The posttranslational conversion of C-terminal glycine-extended peptides to C-terminal alpha-amidated peptides. Occurs to over half of all peptide hormones to give bioactive peptides. This is a two step process catalyzed by a peptidyl-glycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase and a peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase. In some organisms, this process is catalyzed by two separate enzymes, whereas in higher organisms, one polypeptide catalyzes both reactions. |
| response to zinc ion | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus. |
| fatty acid primary amide biosynthetic process | |
| synaptic vesicle clustering | The process that results in grouping synaptic vesicles, prior to release, at a specialized patch of the presynaptic membrane referred to as the active zone. |
| regulation of blood volume by renal aldosterone | The process in which the hormone aldosterone decreases the rate of diuresis and natriuresis resulting in increased blood volume. |
| potassium ion homeostasis | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of potassium ions within an organism or cell. |
| sodium ion homeostasis | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sodium ions within an organism or cell. |
| histamine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans. |
| L-histidine metabolic process | |
| positive regulation of transcription of nucleolar large rRNA by RNA polymerase I | |
| mannose metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose. The D-(+)-form is widely distributed in mannans and hemicelluloses and is of major importance in the core oligosaccharide of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins. |
| carbohydrate phosphorylation | The process of introducing a phosphate group into a carbohydrate, any organic compound based on the general formula Cx(H2O)y. |
| maintenance of protein location in mitochondrion | |
| response to fibroblast growth factor | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fibroblast growth factor stimulus. |
| regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by ischemic conditions | The process that modulates blood pressure by the detection of carbon dioxide levels in the brain stem. Increased levels activate the sympathetic vasoconstrictor mechanism increasing the force with which blood flows through the circulatory system. |
| pulmonary valve development | |
| negative regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion | |
| positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. |
| glutathione biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins. |
| cysteine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid. |
| cellular response to chemical stress | |
| negative regulation of protein deubiquitination | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein deubiquitination. Protein deubiquitination is the removal of one or more ubiquitin groups from a protein. |
| regulation of lysosome organization | |
| regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly. |
| regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation. |
| fucosylation | The covalent attachment of a fucosyl group to an acceptor molecule. |
| L-fucose catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-fucose (6-deoxy-Lgalactose). |
| regulation of animal organ formation | |
| thorax and anterior abdomen determination | Specification of the central (trunk) regions of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of the Kruppel gene product. |
| gonad development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonad is an animal organ that produces gametes; in some species it also produces hormones. |
| positive regulation of heart growth | Any process that increases the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart. |
| cardiac muscle cell fate commitment | The commitment of cells to specific cardiac muscle cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac muscle cells. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. |
| cellular response to gonadotropin stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin stimulus. |
| metanephric mesenchyme development | The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of metanephric mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros. |
| posterior mesonephric tubule development | The progression of the posterior mesonephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The posterior mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros. |
| metanephric epithelium development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. |
| metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis | The process in which the metanephric S-shaped body is generated and organized. The metanephric S-shaped body is the successor of the metanephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros. |
| negative regulation of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of male gonad development | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development. |
| negative regulation of female gonad development | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development. |
| positive regulation of metanephric ureteric bud development | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric ureteric bud development. |
| spermidine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane. |
| regulation of the force of heart contraction by cardiac conduction | A cardiac conduction process that modulates the extent of heart contraction, changing the force with which blood is propelled. |
| positive regulation of calcium:sodium antiporter activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium:sodium antiporter activity. |
| regulation of chromosome separation | |
| putrescine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine can be formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine. |
| cellular response to angiotensin | |
| positive regulation of hair follicle development | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle development. |
| pyrimidine nucleoside metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving any pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside). |
| regulation of transmission of nerve impulse | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation. |
| regulation of gastric motility | |
| regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle contraction | |
| regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to insulin stimulus. |
| calcium ion export across plasma membrane | |
| cytoplasmic translational initiation | The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in the cytoplasm. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA. |
| L-serine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. |
| pyruvate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate. |
| immune response-inhibiting signal transduction | The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to inhibition of an immune response. |
| neutrophil-mediated killing of bacterium | |
| cell cycle G1/S phase transition | The cell cycle process by which a cell in G1 phase commits to S phase. |
| metanephric ascending thin limb development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric ascending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric ascending thin limb is a segment of a nephron tubule in the metanephros lying in the inner medulla that is permeable to ions but not to water and has a simple epithelium; active transepithelial solute transport is absent. |
| metanephric macula densa development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric macula densa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the metanephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus. |
| metanephric thick ascending limb development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric thick ascending limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric thick ascending limb is the last part of the metanephric loop of Henle. Its thick, mitochondria-rich epithelium characterizes the outer medulla, and is responsible for very avid active salt transport. At the macula densa, the thick ascending limb connects to the distal convoluted tubule. |
| metanephric loop of Henle development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric loop of Henle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric loop of Henle is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule in the metanephros. |
| metanephric DCT cell differentiation | The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the distal convoluted tubule cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state. |
| neuron fate commitment | The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron. |
| regulation of B cell proliferation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell proliferation. |
| negative regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum | |
| regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response. |
| regulation of T cell cytokine production | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production. |
| positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation. |
| glial cell-neuron signaling | |
| regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane | |
| constitutive secretory pathway | A process of exocytosis found in all eukaryotic cells, in which transport vesicles destined for the plasma membrane leave the trans-Golgi network in a steady stream. Upon exocytosis, the membrane proteins and lipids in these vesicles provide new components for the plasma membrane, and the soluble proteins inside the vesicles are released into the extracellular space. |
| regulation of plasma membrane repair | |
| regulation of vesicle size | Any process that modulates the size of a vesicle. |
| regulation of synaptic vesicle cycle | |
| peptidyl-cysteine methylation | The methylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-methyl-L-cysteine. |
| minus-end-directed organelle transport along microtubule | The directed movement of an organelle towards the minus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination. |
| protein localization to Golgi membrane | |
| tachykinin receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a tachykinin, i.e. a short peptide with the terminal sequence (Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2), binding to a cell surface receptor. |
| detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain | The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. |
| positive regulation of sensory perception of pain | |
| regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the circadian sleep/wake cycle. |
| response to leptin | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism]. |
| regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids. |
| maintenance of DNA repeat elements | Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of DNA repeat elements. |
| negative regulation of DNA recombination | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination. |
| positive regulation of helicase activity | Any process that activates or increases the activity of a helicase. |
| regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. |
| memory T cell extravasation | |
| positive regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis | |
| negative regulation of erythrocyte differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. |
| response to UV-C | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 290 nm. |
| regulation of DNA binding | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). |
| hormonal regulation of the force of heart contraction | The process in which the hormones modulates the force of heart muscle contraction. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action. |
| positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal | Any process which increases the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine. |
| negative regulation of protein sumoylation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO groups to a protein. |
| cellular response to salt stress | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment. |
| calcium-dependent self proteolysis | |
| interleukin-11-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-11 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| presynaptic active zone organization | |
| regulation of pronephros size | Any process that modulates the size of a pronephric kidney. |
| endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart valve formation | A transition where an endocardial cushion cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of a cardiac valve. |
| negative regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission. |
| negative regulation of proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process | |
| integrin biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins, a large family of transmembrane proteins that act as receptors for cell-adhesion molecules. |
| somatic muscle development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Somatic muscles are striated muscle structures that connect to the exoskeleton or cuticle. |
| regulation of actin filament length | Any process that controls the length of actin filaments in a cell. |
| regulation of RNA metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. |
| regulation of mRNA processing | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA processing, those processes involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into a mature mRNA prior to its translation into polypeptide. |
| post-transcriptional gene silencing | |
| protein insertion into plasma membrane | |
| macromolecule glycosylation | The covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule. |
| negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the proliferation of neuroblasts. |
| dendrite regeneration | The regrowth of dendrites in response to their loss or damage. |
| positive regulation of axon regeneration | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of axon regeneration. |
| dendrite arborization | |
| establishment of blood-nerve barrier | The establishment of the barrier between the perineurium of peripheral nerves and the vascular endothelium of endoneurial capillaries. The perineurium acts as a diffusion barrier, but ion permeability at the blood-nerve barrier is still higher than at the blood-brain barrier. |
| tubulin deacetylation | The removal of an acetyl group from tubulin. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid. |
| regulation of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential | |
| regulation of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential | |
| Schwann cell development | The process aimed at the progression of a Schwann cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system, where they insulate neurons and axons, and regulate the environment in which neurons function. |
| forebrain astrocyte development | The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte that resides in the forebrain, from initial commitment of the cell to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function. |
| regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels. |
| regulation of glial cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation. |
| negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation. |
| citrate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate. Citrate is widely distributed in nature and is an important intermediate in the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle. |
| response to iron(II) ion | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(II) ion stimulus. |
| positive regulation of phospholipid translocation | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the translocation, or flipping, of phospholipid molecules from one monolayer of a membrane bilayer to the opposite monolayer. |
| response to fenofibrate | |
| cellular response to bile acid | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bile acid stimulus. |
| cardiac muscle tissue growth involved in heart morphogenesis | The developmental growth of cardiac muscle tissue that contributes to the shaping of the heart. |
| L-serine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. |
| glyoxylate catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyoxylate, the anion of glyoxylic acid, HOC-COOH. |
| glycine biosynthetic process, by transamination of glyoxylate | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine by the transamination of glyoxylate. |
| L-cysteine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid. |
| L-alanine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid. |
| glyoxylate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyoxylate, the anion of glyoxylic acid, HOC-COOH. |
| cannabinoid signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a cannabinoid binding to a cell surface receptor. The pathway proceeds with the receptor transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that include the endocannabinoids and the phytocannabinoids. |
| fast, calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter | The fast, initial phase of calcium ion-induced neurotransmitter release, via exocytosis, into the synaptic cleft. This depends on low affinity calcium sensors and typically begins a fraction of a millisecond after Ca2+ influx, and decays rapidly (1-10ms) with a decay constant of around 5-10ms. The underlying molecular mechanisms of this process are distinct from those of the later, slow phase of release. |
| positive regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter | |
| regulation of regulated secretory pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of regulated secretory pathway. |
| B-1 B cell homeostasis | The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells of the B-1 subset such that the total number of B-1 B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. B-1 B cells are a distinct subset of B cells characterized as being CD5 positive, found predominantly in the peritoneum, pleural cavities, and spleen, and enriched for self-reactivity. |
| regulation of germinal center formation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of germinal center formation. |
| negative regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway. |
| protein K11-linked deubiquitination | A protein deubiquitination process in which a K11-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 11 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein. |
| regulation of defense response to virus by host | Any host process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the antiviral response of a host cell or organism. |
| negative regulation of B cell activation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation. |
| regulation of vascular wound healing | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature. |
| negative regulation of CD40 signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the CD40 signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation. |
| polyamine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups. |
| spermidine acetylation | The modification of spermidine by addition of acetyl groups. |
| regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle G1/S phase transition. |
| negative regulation of protein autoubiquitination | |
| positive regulation of androgen receptor activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of androgen receptor activity. |
| complement component C5a signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a the C5a component of the complement pathway binding to a complement receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process. C5a is a peptide derived from the C5 complement factor. |
| presynapse organization | |
| regulation of chondrocyte differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation. |
| positive regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis. |
| positive regulation of inflammatory response to wounding | |
| positive regulation of artery morphogenesis | |
| positive regulation of neutrophil extravasation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil extravasation. |
| positive regulation of type IV hypersensitivity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response. |
| positive regulation of humoral immune response | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response. |
| negative regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of binding of sperm to the zona pellucida. |
| positive regulation of ovarian follicle development | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian follicle development. |
| positive regulation of antral ovarian follicle growth | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antral ovarian follicle growth. |
| positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis | Any process that increases the rate or frequency of epithelial cell proliferation that results in the lung attaining its shape. |
| calcium import into the mitochondrion | |
| negative regulation of calcium import into the mitochondrion | |
| morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium | The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized. |
| ventricular zone neuroblast division | The proliferation of neuroblasts in the ventricular zone of the cerebral cortex. The neuronal progenitors of these cells will migrate radially. |
| pyramidal neuron development | The progression of a pyramidal neuron from its initial formation to its mature state. |
| fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow cell | |
| fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in hemopoiesis | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which contributes to hemopoiesis. |
| fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow. |
| fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in orbitofrontal cortex development | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor-type receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which contributes to the progression of the orbitofrontal cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. |
| epidermis morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the epidermis are generated and organized. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of a plant or animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species. |
| branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis | The process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. |
| branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis | The process in which the branching structure of the salivary gland is generated and organized. |
| bud elongation involved in lung branching | The process in which a bud in the lung grows out from the point where it is formed. |
| prostate epithelial cord elongation | The developmental growth process in which solid chords of prostate epithelium increase in length. |
| prostate epithelial cord arborization involved in prostate glandular acinus morphogenesis | The branching morphogenesis process in which the prostate epithelial cords branch freely to create the structure of the prostate acini. |
| squamous basal epithelial stem cell differentiation involved in prostate gland acinus development | The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell acquires specialized features of a squamous basal epithelial stem cell of the prostate. |
| fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in mammary gland specification | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a fibroblast growth factor to its receptor on the surface of al cell in the epidermis resulting in the formation of the mammary line. The mammary line is a ridge of epidermal cells that will form the mammary placodes. |
| lateral sprouting from an epithelium | The process in which a branch forms along the side of an epithelium. |
| epithelial cell proliferation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis | The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells of the submandibular salivary gland, resulting in the expansion of a cell population and the shaping of the gland. |
| branch elongation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis | The differential growth of the salivary branches along their axis, resulting in the growth of a branch. |
| branching involved in labyrinthine layer morphogenesis | The process in which the branches of the fetal placental villi are generated and organized. The villous part of the placenta is called the labyrinth layer. |
| regulation of morphogenesis of a branching structure | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. |
| mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in lung development | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell of the lung. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types. |
| response to caffeine | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caffeine stimulus. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in numerous plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon them. |
| cranial nerve development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cranial nerves over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions. |
| inhibitory postsynaptic potential | |
| positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity. |
| paranodal junction assembly | Formation of the junction between an axon and the glial cell that forms the myelin sheath. Paranodal junctions form at each paranode, i.e. at the ends of the unmyelinated nodes of Ranvier. |
| catecholamine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. |
| protein deamination | The removal of an amino group from a protein amino acid. |
| cellular response to cocaine | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cocaine stimulus. Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. |
| cellular response to serotonin | |
| regulation of apoptotic cell clearance | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic cell clearance. |
| positive regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone. |
| sterol transport | The directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Sterols are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule. |
| ceramide transport | The directed movement of ceramides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Ceramides are a class of lipid composed of sphingosine linked to a fatty acid. |
| protein repair | The process of restoring a protein to its original state after damage by such things as oxidation or spontaneous decomposition of residues. |
| lymphocyte migration into lymph node | The movement of a lymphocyte within the lymphatic system into a lymph node, and its subsequent positioning within defined functional compartments such as sites of cell activation by antigen. |
| Lewis x epitope biosynthetic process | |
| positive regulation of neutrophil migration | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil migration. |
| regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion. |
| rRNA methylation | The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in an rRNA molecule. |
| snoRNA localization | |
| positive regulation of cell fate determination | |
| positive regulation of tyrosinase activity | |
| negative regulation of timing of catagen | |
| positive regulation of melanosome transport | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome transport. |
| purine nucleobase biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine. |
| positive regulation of B cell apoptotic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process. |
| negative regulation of interferon-alpha production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-alpha production. |
| negative regulation of interleukin-18 production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-18 production. |
| negative regulation of cytokine activity | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the activity of a molecule that controls the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells. |
| negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5. |
| endothelial cell apoptotic process | Any apoptotic process in an endothelial cell. An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. |
| interleukin-10-mediated signaling pathway | |
| regulation of response to wounding | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding. |
| acetylcholine catabolic process in synaptic cleft | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine that occurs in the synaptic cleft during synaptic transmission. |
| acetylcholine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. |
| negative regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. |
| positive regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol within cells. |
| inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol trisphosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with three phosphate groups attached. |
| positive regulation of steroid metabolic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids. |
| regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids. |
| lipid hydroperoxide transport | The directed movement of a lipid hydroperoxide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| bilirubin conjugation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bilirubin monoglucuronide or bilirubin diglucuronide, water-soluble derivatives of bilirubin. |
| negative regulation of steroid metabolic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids. |
| vitamin D3 metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D3, (3S,5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol. |
| nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. |
| regulation of epidermis development | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development. |
| negative regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen. |
| negative regulation of D-glucose import | |
| negative regulation of hh target transcription factor activity | |
| regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose | Any process involving glucose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose | Any process involving glucose that activates or increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| glucose mediated signaling pathway | The process in which a change in the level of mono- and disaccharide glucose trigger the expression of genes controlling metabolic and developmental processes. |
| carbon catabolite regulation of transcription | A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. |
| regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix. |
| regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids. |
| membrane repolarization during bundle of His cell action potential | The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the bundle of His cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential. |
| membrane repolarization during SA node cell action potential | The process in which an SA node cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential. |
| membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential | |
| positive regulation of timing of catagen | |
| endochondral bone growth | The increase in size or mass of an endochondral bone that contributes to the shaping of the bone. |
| negative regulation of developmental growth | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth. |
| fibroblast growth factor receptor apoptotic signaling pathway | An apoptotic signaling pathway that starts with a ligand binding to, or being withdrawn from, a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR). |
| RNA transport | The directed movement of RNA, ribonucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| miRNA transport | |
| cholesterol catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. |
| regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway. |
| regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure mediated by a chemical signal | The regulation of blood pressure mediated by biochemical signaling: hormonal, autocrine or paracrine. |
| response to fructose | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fructose stimulus. |
| fructose import across plasma membrane | |
| cell envelope organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell envelope, everything external to, but not including, the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, encompassing the periplasmic space, cell wall, and outer membrane if present. |
| cellular response to corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response. |
| non-canonical inflammasome complex assembly | |
| protoporphyrinogen IX metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving protoporphyrinogen IX, the specific substrate for the enzyme ferrochelatase, which catalyzes the insertion of iron to form protoheme. It is probably also the substrate for chlorophyll formation. |
| positive regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol trisphosphate. |
| cellular response to luteinizing hormone stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a luteinizing hormone stimulus. |
| cholesterol ester hydrolysis involved in cholesterol transport | |
| regulation of bile acid secretion | |
| negative regulation of transformation of host cell by virus | |
| negative regulation of stem cell proliferation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation. |
| cyclooxygenase pathway | The chemical reactions and pathways by which prostaglandins are formed from arachidonic acid, and in which prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (cyclooxygenase) catalyzes the committed step in the conversion of arachidonic acid to the prostaglandin-endoperoxides PGG2 and PGH2. |
| cell-substrate junction assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between a cell and its substrate. |
| regulation of post-translational protein modification | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-translational protein modification. |
| protein peptidyl-prolyl isomerization | The modification of a protein by cis-trans isomerization of a proline residue. |
| regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transport. |
| regulation of NADP metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NADP metabolic process. |
| glycine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine, aminoethanoic acid. |
| response to methylamine | |
| response to lipoic acid | |
| tryptophanyl-tRNA aminoacylation | The process of coupling tryptophan to tryptophanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. |
| positive regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity | |
| negative regulation of DNA repair | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair. |
| positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage. |
| positive regulation of base-excision repair | |
| negative regulation of transmission of nerve impulse | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation. |
| synaptic transmission, glycinergic | The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine. |
| cellular response to ethanol | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus. |
| response to alcohol | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alcohol stimulus. |
| negative regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential | |
| maintenance of synapse structure | |
| negative regulation of inhibitory synapse assembly | |
| TOR signaling | A series of molecular signals mediated by TOR (Target of rapamycin) proteins, members of the phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase related kinase (PIKK) family that act as serine/threonine kinases in response to nutrient availability or growth factors. |
| negative regulation of TORC2 signaling | |
| trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic complex | |
| regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation. |
| negative regulation of protein export from nucleus | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. |
| regulation of Fas signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Fas signaling pathway. |
| defense response to nematode | A response to protect an organism from a directly detected or perceived external threat from a nematode or nematodes, which results in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack. |
| positive regulation of type 2 immune response | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response. |
| positive regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response. |
| memory T cell activation | The change in morphology and behavior of a memory T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. |
| T-helper 2 cell activation | The change in morphology and behavior of a T helper 2 cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. |
| response to nitrogen dioxide | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen dioxide (NO2) stimulus. |
| negative regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation. |
| positive regulation of interleukin-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes. |
| brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. |
| collateral sprouting | The process in which outgrowths develop from the shafts of existing axons. |
| positive regulation of collateral sprouting | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting. |
| negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. |
| growth plate cartilage chondrocyte differentiation | The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the growth of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. |
| vesicle cytoskeletal trafficking | |
| urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction | A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the urinary bladder. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The urinary bladder is a musculomembranous sac along the urinary tract. |
| negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway | |
| negative regulation of the force of heart contraction | Any process that decreases the force of heart muscle contraction. |
| negative regulation of arginine catabolic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arginine catabolic process. |
| calcium ion export | The directed movement of calcium ion out of a cell or organelle. |
| regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport. |
| negative regulation of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus. |
| negative regulation of citrulline biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of citrulline biosynthetic process. |
| phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process | |
| glycerolipid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone. Diacylglycerol and phosphatidate are key lipid intermediates of glycerolipid biosynthesis. |
| skeletal muscle satellite cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a satellite cell. |
| negative regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of signal transduction | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. |
| negative regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation. |
| ear development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals. |
| ureteric bud formation | The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct. This process begins when the bud protrudes from the duct and ends when it is a recognizable bud. |
| positive regulation of ureteric bud formation | Any process that increases the rate or extent of the developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct. |
| nephric duct morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the nephric duct are generated and organized. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney. |
| regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation. |
| lymphocyte migration | The movement of a lymphocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body. |
| negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development. |
| regulation of cellular response to X-ray | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray. |
| negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation. |
| negative regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation. |
| carnitine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane. |
| dTDP biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine5'-diphosphate). |
| mitochondrial DNA replication | The process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion. |
| ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. |
| deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. |
| 2'-deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a 2'-deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a 2'-deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. |
| cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus. |
| negative regulation of viral life cycle | |
| positive regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | |
| positive regulation of type III interferon production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type III interferon production. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far. |
| protein geranylgeranylation | The covalent attachment of a geranylgeranyl group to a protein. |
| regulation of corticotropin secretion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropic hormone from a cell. |
| negative regulation of corticotropin secretion | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropic hormone from a cell. |
| cellular response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus. |
| negative regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity. |
| lymphatic endothelial cell fate commitment | |
| negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein | |
| negative regulation of neuron maturation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation. |
| enteric smooth muscle cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell of the intestine. |
| enteric nervous system development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the enteric nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The enteric nervous system is composed of two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gall bladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation. |
| icosanoid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids. |
| positive regulation of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport | |
| positive regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell. |
| isoleucine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid. |
| coenzyme A metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester. |
| ketone body catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone. Ketone bodies can be used as an energy source as an alternative to glucose. Utilization of ketone bodies in peripheral tissues involves conversion of acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA, which is then converted to two molecules of acetyl-CoA. |
| ketone body metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone body. |
| propionyl-CoA biosynthetic process | |
| neutrophil activation involved in immune response | The change in morphology and behavior of a neutrophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. |
| regulation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a target cell, the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil. |
| naphthalene catabolic process | |
| regulation of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process | |
| interleukin-8-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-8 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| regulation of microtubule-based movement | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of microtubule-based movement, the movement of organelles, other microtubules and other particles along microtubules, mediated by motor proteins. |
| positive regulation of protein localization to centrosome | |
| B cell receptor transport into membrane raft | The directed movement of a B cell receptor into a membrane raft. |
| chemokine receptor transport out of membrane raft | The directed movement of a chemokine receptor out of a membrane raft. |
| negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta3 production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta3. |
| desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | |
| negative regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal | Any process which decreases the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine. |
| positive regulation of catecholamine secretion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine. |
| negative regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle | |
| oculomotor nerve development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the oculomotor nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle. |
| negative regulation of glomerular filtration | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule. |
| establishment of synaptic specificity at neuromuscular junction | The biological process in which a synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle is initially formed. |
| homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue | Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in a tissue. |
| negative regulation of renin secretion into blood stream | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renin secretion into blood stream. |
| sulfur amino acid catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, methionine and selenocysteine. |
| cyanate catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid. |
| hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen sulfide, H2S. |
| chromatin looping | |
| Fas signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand to the receptor Fas on the surface of the cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Fas is a death domain-containing member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. |
| regulation of chaperone-mediated protein folding | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated protein folding. |
| zinc ion transport | The directed movement of zinc (Zn) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| intracellular monoatomic cation homeostasis | |
| leptin-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of leptin to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. |
| brown fat cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria. |
| positive regulation of protein kinase C signaling | Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound. |
| positive regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway | |
| cellular response to cold | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism. |
| regulation of BMP signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any BMP receptor signaling pathway. |
| renal filtration | A renal system process in which fluid circulating through the body is filtered through a barrier system. |
| T cell aggregation | The adhesion of one T cell to one or more other T cells via adhesion molecules. |
| regulation of membrane depolarization during action potential | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of membrane depolarization during an action potential. Membrane depolarization is the process in which membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the resting potential. |
| P-body assembly | |
| regulation of neuron projection development | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). |
| radial glia guided migration of Purkinje cell | The migration of postmitotic a Purkinje cell along radial glial cells from the ventricular zone to the Purkinje cell layer. |
| negative regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation mediated by the Arp2/3 complex and interacting proteins. |
| brain morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the brain are generated and organized. The brain is one of the two components of the central nervous system and is the center of thought and emotion. It is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). |
| regulation of synapse structural plasticity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse structural plasticity. Synapse structural plasticity is a type of cytoskeletal remodeling; this remodeling is induced by stimuli that can lead to long term potentiation and it can be activity-dependent or -independent. Examples of cytoskeletal changes include the formation of new spines and increase in spine size; this can be accompanied by the insertion of greater numbers of glutamate (or other neurotransmitter) receptors into the post-synaptic membrane. |
| chromosomal DNA methylation maintenance following DNA replication | |
| negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching | |
| pancreatic A cell development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic A cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon. |
| positive regulation of 3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization | |
| L-leucine catabolic process | |
| regulation of stem cell proliferation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. |
| nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay | A major pathway of degradation of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs that proceeds through a series of ordered steps that includes poly(A) tail shortening and that can regulate mRNA stability. |
| regulation of keratinocyte proliferation | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. |
| nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-independent decay | |
| positive regulation of deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA | |
| regulation of keratinocyte apoptotic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte apoptotic process. |
| negative regulation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity | |
| positive regulation of intracellular mRNA localization | |
| negative regulation of 3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization | |
| positive regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing | |
| negative regulation of heart rate | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate of heart contraction. |
| regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell contraction. |
| regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of cardiac muscle. |
| CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation | |
| natural killer cell inhibitory signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of a natural killer cell capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response. |
| regulation of natural killer cell activation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation. |
| adaptive immune memory response involving T cells and B cells | |
| regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity. |
| cell surface receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway | |
| positive regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway. |
| ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. |
| AMP metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving AMP, adenosine monophosphate. |
| carboxylic acid catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups. |
| organophosphate catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organophosphates, any phosphate-containing organic compound. |
| lactone catabolic process | |
| negative regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. |
| positive regulation of cyclase activity | Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cyclase. |
| caveolin-mediated endocytosis | An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into plasma membrane caveolae, which then pinch off to form endocytic caveolar carriers. |
| regulation of Golgi inheritance | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of Golgi inheritance. Golgi inheritance is the partitioning of Golgi apparatus between daughter cells at cell division. |
| glucagon processing | |
| cellular response to mycotoxin | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycotoxin stimulus. A mycotoxin is a toxic chemical substance produced by fungi. |
| cellular response to dithiothreitol | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dithiothreitol stimulus. |
| telomere maintenance via base-excision repair | |
| nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside phosphate. |
| 'de novo' pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases, beginning with the synthesis of a pyrimidine ring from simpler precursors. |
| UDP biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP, uridine (5'-)diphosphate. |
| 'de novo' UMP biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UMP, uridine monophosphate, starting with the synthesis of (S)-dihydroorotate from bicarbonate; UMP biosynthesis may either occur via reduction by quinone, NAD(+) or oxygen. |
| negative regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway. |
| nuclear receptor-mediated glucocorticoid signaling pathway | |
| cAMP catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate). |
| microtubule sliding | The movement of one microtubule along another microtubule. |
| establishment of spindle orientation | Any process that set the alignment of spindle relative to other cellular structures. |
| negative regulation of non-motile cilium assembly | |
| inositol trisphosphate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving myo-inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with three phosphate groups attached. |
| lipopolysaccharide catabolic process | |
| MHC class II protein complex assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC class II protein complex. |
| intestine smooth muscle contraction | A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the intestine. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The intestine is the section of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the anal canal. It includes the large intestine and small intestine. |
| negative regulation of serotonin secretion | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin. |
| cellular response to alkaloid | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active. |
| phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a serotonin receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). |
| positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol. |
| G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway | |
| long-chain fatty acid import into peroxisome | |
| very long-chain fatty acid catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22. |
| phytanic acid metabolic process | |
| peptidyl-lysine oxidation | |
| pexophagy | |
| response to amino acid starvation | |
| carnitine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane. |
| negative regulation of fatty acid oxidation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid oxidation. |
| regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion. |
| error-free translesion synthesis | |
| embryonic nail plate morphogenesis | The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of a nail plate are generated and organized. The nail plate is the hard and translucent portion of the nail, composed of keratin, and serves to protect the tips of digits. |
| regulation of odontogenesis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth. |
| negative regulation of odontoblast differentiation | |
| ERBB signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a member of the ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation | The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine to form peptidyl-serine. |
| base-excision repair, AP site formation | The formation of an AP site, a deoxyribose sugar with a missing base, by DNA glycosylase which recognizes an altered base in DNA and catalyzes its hydrolytic removal. This sugar phosphate is the substrate recognized by the AP endonuclease, which cuts the DNA phosphodiester backbone at the 5' side of the altered site to leave a gap which is subsequently repaired. |
| positive regulation of protein folding | |
| positive regulation of aspartic-type peptidase activity | |
| transdifferentiation | The conversion of a differentiated cell of one fate into a differentiated cell of another fate without first undergoing cell division or reversion to a more primitive or stem cell-like fate. |
| positive regulation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. |
| extracellular exosome assembly | |
| metanephric glomerular mesangial cell differentiation | The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the glomerular mesangial cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state. |
| intracellular amino acid homeostasis | |
| mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation | The multiplication or reproduction of mammary gland epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Mammary gland epithelial cells make up the covering of surfaces of the mammary gland. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. |
| branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis | The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. |
| fasciculation of sensory neuron axon | The collection of sensory neuron axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle. |
| fasciculation of motor neuron axon | The collection of motor neuron axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle. |
| urogenital system development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urogenital system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| axonal fasciculation | The collection of axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle. |
| positive regulation of synaptic plasticity | A process that increases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers. |
| neuron projection retraction | |
| negative regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway | |
| positive regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow | A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow. |
| regulation of superoxide metabolic process | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of superoxide metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species. |
| DNA alkylation repair | |
| positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process | Any process that increases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death. |
| pentose-phosphate shunt, non-oxidative branch | The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which does not involve oxidation reactions. It comprises a series of sugar phosphate interconversions, starting with ribulose 5-P and producing fructose 6-P and glyceraldehyde 3-P. |
| glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis. |
| positive regulation of NK T cell activation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell activation. |
| positive regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response. |
| positive regulation of tissue remodeling | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tissue remodeling. |
| T-helper cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized thymocyte acquires specialized features of a T-helper cell. |
| signaling receptor ligand precursor processing | |
| negative regulation of muscle hyperplasia | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle hyperplasia. |
| positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity. |
| tetrahydrobiopterin metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. |
| negative regulation of serotonin uptake | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of serotonin into a cell. |
| positive regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport. |
| positive regulation of endopeptidase activity | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins. |
| autocrine signaling | Signaling between cells of the same type. The signal produced by the signaling cell binds to a receptor on, and affects a cell of the same type. |
| actin nucleation | The initial step in the formation of an actin filament, in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament. Nucleation is slow relative to the subsequent addition of more monomers to extend the filament. |
| negative regulation of translation in response to oxidative stress | |
| positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in mammary gland involution | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process of mammary epithelial cells during mammary gland involution. |
| positive regulation of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region | |
| cytoplasmic translational elongation | |
| regulation of lactation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lactation. |
| renal water transport | The directed movement of water (H2O) by the kidney. |
| positive regulation of saliva secretion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of saliva. |
| cellular response to mercury ion | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercury ion stimulus. |
| negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III | |
| regulation of apoptosis involved in tissue homeostasis | |
| NADPH oxidation | A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADPH, to the oxidized form, NADP. |
| peptidyl-cysteine oxidation | The oxidation of peptidyl-cysteine to peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfinic acid or peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfenic acid. |
| myeloid cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte, megakaryocyte, thrombocyte, or erythrocyte lineages. |
| negative regulation of kinase activity | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. |
| mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase in the mitochondrial inner membrane. |
| pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. |
| acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus | An acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response. |
| metaphase/anaphase transition of mitotic cell cycle | The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin. |
| regulation of meiotic cell cycle | Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. |
| regulation of proton-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism | Any process that modulates the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase. Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out), by a rotational mechanism. |
| regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in programmed necrotic cell death | Any regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in programmed necrotic cell death. |
| mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in programmed cell death | The process by which the mitochondrial outer membrane becomes permeable to the passing of proteins and other molecules from the intermembrane space to the cytosol as part of a programmed cell death process. |
| negative regulation of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity. |
| negative regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production | |
| negative regulation of natural killer cell degranulation | |
| renal water retention | |
| AMP biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of AMP, adenosine monophosphate. |
| positive regulation of natural killer cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of pinocytosis | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of pinocytosis. Pinocytosis is the process in which cells take in liquid material from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell and pass their contents to endosomes. |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid reuptake | |
| inorganic anion import across plasma membrane | |
| regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport. |
| extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction | Any negative regulation of signal transduction that takes place in extracellular region. |
| positive regulation of phospholipase A2 activity | Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2. |
| neuromuscular process controlling posture | Any process in which an organism voluntarily modulates its posture, the alignment of its anatomical parts. |
| pteridine-containing compound biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid. |
| L-amino acid transport | The directed movement of L-enantiomer amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| lysine transport | The directed movement of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| ornithine transport | The directed movement of ornithine, 2,5-diaminopentanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| L-ornithine transmembrane transport | The directed movement of L-ornithine across a membrane. |
| L-histidine import across plasma membrane | |
| L-arginine transmembrane transport | The directed movement of L-arginine across a membrane. |
| gonadotropin secretion | The regulated release of a gonadotropin, any hormone that stimulates the gonads, especially follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. |
| succinate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving succinate, also known as butanedioate or ethane dicarboxylate, the dianion of succinic acid. Succinate is an important intermediate in metabolism and a component of the TCA cycle. |
| phagolysosome assembly | The process that results in the fusion of a phagosome, a vesicle formed by phagocytosis, with a lysosome. |
| negative regulation of actin nucleation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation, the initial step in the formation of an actin filament in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament. |
| Rab protein signal transduction | A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rab family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state. |
| positive regulation of granulocyte chemotaxis | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of granulocyte chemotaxis. Granulocyte chemotaxis is the movement of a granulocyte in response to an external stimulus. |
| S-adenosylmethionine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism. |
| cellular response to methionine | |
| positive regulation of cell development | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. |
| cartilage development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones. |
| carbamoyl phosphate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbamoyl phosphate, an intermediate in the urea cycle and other nitrogen compound metabolic pathways. |
| cellular response to ammonium ion | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ammonium ion stimulus. |
| positive regulation of store-operated calcium channel activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of store-operated calcium channel activity. |
| regulation of store-operated calcium entry | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of store-operated calcium entry. |
| taurine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats. |
| nitrogen compound transport | The directed movement of nitrogen-containing compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| taurine transmembrane transport | |
| alanine transport | The directed movement of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| regulation of thalamus size | |
| regulation of protein transport | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| negative regulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | |
| regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen. |
| positive regulation of glucose metabolic process | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. |
| negative regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid beta-oxidation. |
| cellular response to rapamycin | |
| regulation of tRNA methylation | |
| negative regulation of protein maturation | |
| negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum | |
| positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid beta-oxidation. |
| valine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid. |
| clearance of foreign intracellular DNA | |
| regulation of epidermal cell division | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell into daughter cells. An epidermal cell is any of the cells that make up the epidermis. |
| negative regulation of type I hypersensitivity | |
| negative regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity | |
| mature B cell differentiation involved in immune response | The process in which a naive B cell acquires the specialized features of a mature or memory B cell during an immune response. |
| follicular B cell differentiation | The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a follicular B cell. Follicular B cells are major population of mature recirculating B cells in the spleen and are located in the B-cell follicle region. |
| immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages | |
| regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation | |
| negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. |
| negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin. |
| regulation of immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process of immune complex clearance by monocytes or macrophages. |
| glycerol metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids. |
| glycerol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol. |
| cholecystokinin signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of cholecystokinin binding to a receptor on the surface of the cell, and proceeding with the activated receptor transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity. Ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity. |
| positive regulation of gastrulation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation. |
| regulation of eating behavior | |
| myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis | The movement of a myeloid dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus. |
| positive regulation of hypersensitivity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity. |
| positive regulation of immunological synapse formation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immunological synapse formation. |
| positive regulation of T cell costimulation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell costimulation. |
| positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process involved in immunological synapse formation | Any positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process that is involved in immunological synapse formation. |
| regulation of dendritic cell dendrite assembly | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell dendrite assembly. |
| regulation of astrocyte chemotaxis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte chemotaxis. |
| regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine. |
| pyrimidine-containing compound salvage | Any process that generates a pyrimidine-containing compound, any nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a pyrimidine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis. |
| cytidine deamination | The removal of amino group in the presence of water. |
| cytosine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, a pyrimidine derivative that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids; it occurs widely in cytidine derivatives. |
| negative regulation of nucleotide metabolic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides. |
| proline biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. |
| L-proline biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-proline, an L-enantiomer of a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. |
| relaxation of smooth muscle | A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length. |
| calcium ion transport into cytosol | The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytosol. |
| protein localization to vacuole | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a vacuole. |
| positive regulation of pyroptotic inflammatory response | |
| positive regulation of AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly | |
| cornified envelope assembly | |
| positive regulation of protein localization to adherens junction | |
| cysteine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid. |
| protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage via peptidyl-N6-pyridoxal phosphate-L-lysine | The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form N6-pyridoxal phosphate-L-lysine. |
| cysteine biosynthetic process via cystathionine | |
| transsulfuration | The interconversion of homocysteine and cysteine via cystathionine. In contrast with enteric bacteria and mammals, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has two transsulfuration pathways employing two separate sets of enzymes. |
| protein sulfhydration | The modification of a protein amino acid by the addition of sulfur. |
| B cell mediated immunity | Any process involved with the carrying out of an immune response by a B cell, through, for instance, the production of antibodies or cytokines, or antigen presentation to T cells. |
| positive regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I. |
| positive regulation of long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane | |
| blood vessel endothelial cell migration | The orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels during angiogenesis. |
| protein localization to bicellular tight junction | |
| cyclic nucleotide transport | |
| sphingolipid translocation | |
| negative regulation of T cell mediated immunity | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity. |
| peroxisomal membrane transport | The directed movement of substances to, from or across the peroxisomal membrane. |
| very long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA catabolic process | |
| long-chain fatty acid catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of long-chain fatty acids, a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22. |
| regulation of mitochondrial depolarization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive. |
| positive regulation of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process. |
| protein targeting to ER | The process of directing proteins towards the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using signals contained within the protein. One common mechanism uses a 16- to 30-residue signal sequence, typically located at the N-terminus of the protein and containing positively charged amino acids followed by a continuous stretch of hydrophobic residues, which directs the ribosome to the ER membrane and initiates transport of the growing polypeptide across the ER membrane. |
| mannose trimming involved in glycoprotein ERAD pathway | |
| repair of mitotic kinetochore microtubule attachment defect | |
| sensory organ boundary specification | The process in which boundaries between a sensory organ and the surrounding tissue are established and maintained. |
| ameloblast differentiation | |
| glycine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycine, aminoethanoic acid. |
| cellular response to tetrahydrofolate | |
| regulation of mitochondrial translation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion. |
| positive regulation of neutrophil differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation. |
| stilbene catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of stilbenes, a class of polyketide compounds formed from cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl CoA. |
| chemorepulsion of dopaminergic neuron axon | |
| positive regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain | |
| mannose to fructose-6-phosphate catabolic process | |
| corticotropin secretion | The regulated release of corticotropin by a cell. Corticotropin hormone is a polypeptide hormone synthesized and secreted from corticotropes in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) released by the hypothalamus. |
| regulation of corticosterone secretion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticosterone secretion. |
| positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues. |
| regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion | Any process that modulates the extent to which the two centrioles within a centrosome remain tightly paired; may be mediated by the assembly and disassembly of a proteinaceous linker. |
| embryonic skeletal limb joint morphogenesis | The process, occurring in the embryo, in which the anatomical structures of a skeletal limb joint are generated and organized. A skeletal limb joint is the connecting structure between the bones of a limb. |
| negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the embryonic mitotic cell cycle. |
| regulation of fibroblast proliferation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. |
| endothelial tube morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an endothelium. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells. |
| regulation of centromeric sister chromatid cohesion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion in the centromeric region of a chromosome. |
| mesenchymal stem cell differentiation | |
| neuron projection extension | Long distance growth of a single neuron projection involved in cellular development. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. |
| interleukin-13-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-13 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| negative regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lung ciliated cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of lung goblet cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lung goblet cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity. |
| regulation of cellular respiration | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration, the enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds. |
| T-helper 17 type immune response | |
| Schwann cell proliferation | The multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system. |
| regulation of hippo signaling | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hippo signaling. |
| regulation of actin filament bundle assembly | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles. |
| regulation of Rap protein signal transduction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rap protein signal transduction. |
| negative regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion. |
| negative regulation of cell size | Any process that reduces cell size. |
| establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane | The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the plasma membrane. |
| regulation of ruffle assembly | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ruffle assembly. |
| regulation of urine volume | Any process that modulates the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time. |
| positive regulation of progesterone biosynthetic process | |
| host-mediated regulation of intestinal microbiota composition | |
| positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). |
| positive regulation of action potential | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. |
| positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor production | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the appearance of any platelet-derived growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. |
| adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway | |
| G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway | |
| positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling | Any process which activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling, a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response. |
| negative regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling | Any process which stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling, a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response. |
| negative regulation of Wnt protein secretion | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a Wnt protein from a cell. |
| regulation of steroid metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids. |
| cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation | The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to granule cells. A granule cell is a glutamatergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex. |
| negative regulation of integrin activation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation. |
| negative regulation of eosinophil extravasation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil extravasation. |
| regulation of gap junction assembly | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gap junction assembly. |
| atrioventricular valve development | The progression of the atrioventricular valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation | |
| venous blood vessel development | The progression of the venous blood vessel over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. Venous blood vessels carry blood back to the heart after the capillary bed. |
| positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress. |
| acid secretion | The controlled release of acid by a cell or a tissue. |
| musculoskeletal movement, spinal reflex action | Involuntary movement caused by the application of a stimulus to an organism and a subsequent movement. The signal processing of this movement takes place in the spinal cord. |
| positive regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the dopamine receptor protein signaling pathway. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. |
| heparin proteoglycan catabolic process | |
| disaccharide metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving any disaccharide, sugars composed of two monosaccharide units. |
| dermatan sulfate proteoglycan catabolic process | |
| detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain | The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. |
| regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by action potential | |
| DNA protection | Any process in which DNA is protected from damage by, for example, oxidative stress. |
| homocysteine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid. |
| cranial suture morphogenesis | The process in which any suture between cranial bones is generated and organized. |
| activation of protein kinase A activity | Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase A. |
| sequestering of TGFbeta in extracellular matrix | Confining TGFbeta to the extracellular matrix (ECM) such that it is separated from other components of the signaling pathway, including its cell surface receptor. TGFbeta is secreted as part of a latent complex that is targeted to the extracellular matrix through latent-TGFbeta-binding protein (LTBP)-mediated association with matrix proteins. |
| post-embryonic eye morphogenesis | The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. The eye is the organ of sight. |
| bone trabecula formation | The process of creating a trabecula in the bone. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod. |
| regulation of trophoblast cell migration | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trophoblast cell migration. |
| cellular response to leptin stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism. |
| oxaloacetate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxaloacetate, the anion of oxobutanedioic acid, an important intermediate in metabolism, especially as a component of the TCA cycle. |
| glycerol biosynthetic process from pyruvate | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, from other compounds, including pyruvate. |
| regulation of lipid biosynthetic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. |
| actomyosin structure organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures containing both actin and myosin or paramyosin. The myosin may be organized into filaments. |
| cortical granule exocytosis | |
| negative regulation of actin filament severing | |
| lymphatic endothelial cell differentiation | The process in which a venous blood vessel endothelial cell acquires specialized features of a lymphatic vessel endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of lymph vessels. |
| branching involved in lymph vessel morphogenesis | |
| actin filament uncapping | The removal of capping protein from the end of actin filaments to free the ends for addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits. |
| positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity. |
| positive regulation of endocytic recycling | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytic recycling. |
| cholesterol storage | The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. |
| positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid. |
| positive regulation of adherens junction organization | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adherens junction organization. |
| negative regulation of interleukin-4 production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-4 production. |
| negative regulation of determination of dorsal identity | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of determination of dorsal identity. |
| pronephric nephron tubule development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pronephric nephron tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron and connects the filtration unit (glomerulus or glomus) of the pronephros to the pronephric duct. |
| genitalia development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| asymmetric neuroblast division | |
| positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. |
| spinal cord oligodendrocyte cell differentiation | |
| endocardial cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial cell. An endocardial cell is a specialized endothelial cell that makes up the endocardium portion of the heart. The endocardium is the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers. |
| negative regulation of glial cell proliferation | Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. |
| neuroepithelial cell differentiation | The process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells. |
| closure of optic fissure | The closure of the temporary ventral gap in the optic cup that contributes to its shaping. |
| positive regulation of lens epithelial cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lens epithelial cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of membrane potential | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. |
| ketone body biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone. Biosynthesis involves the formation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA, which is cleaved to acetate and acetyl-CoA. |
| positive regulation of nitric oxide-cGMP mediated signal transduction | |
| cellular response to hydrogen sulfide | |
| response to interleukin-6 | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-6 stimulus. |
| mitral valve development | The progression of the mitral valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| pulmonary valve formation | The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the pulmonary valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. |
| SA node cell to atrial cardiac muscle cell communication by electrical coupling | |
| atrial cardiac muscle cell to AV node cell communication by electrical coupling | |
| AV node cell to bundle of His cell communication by electrical coupling | The process that mediates signaling interactions between an AV node cardiomyocyte and a bundle of His cardiac muscle cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels. |
| bundle of His cell to Purkinje myocyte communication by electrical coupling | The process that mediates signaling interactions between a bundle of His cardiac muscle cell and a Purkinje myocyte by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels. |
| Purkinje myocyte to ventricular cardiac muscle cell communication by electrical coupling | |
| regulation of AV node cell action potential | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an atrioventricular node myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. |
| regulation of bundle of His cell action potential | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a cardiac muscle cell of the bundle of His. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. |
| regulation of Purkinje myocyte action potential | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a Purkinje myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. |
| regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an atrial cardiac muscle cell contributing to the regulation of its contraction. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. |
| gamma-delta T cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic cell acquires specialized features of a gamma-delta T cell. A gamma-delta T cell is a T cell that expresses a gamma-delta T cell receptor complex. |
| regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation. |
| photoreceptor cell development | Development of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. |
| sensory processing | Any neural process required for an organism to sense and interpret the dimensions of a sensory experience: modality, location, intensity and affect. |
| dendritic spine organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a dendritic spine. A dendritic spine is a specialized protrusion from a neuronal dendrite and is involved in synaptic transmission. |
| purine nucleoside catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside). |
| oxidation-dependent protein catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the oxidation of one or more amino acid residues in the protein. |
| myeloid progenitor cell differentiation | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a myeloid progenitor cell. Myeloid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the myeloid lineages. |
| pro-B cell differentiation | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-B cell. Pro-B cells are the earliest stage of the B cell lineage and undergo heavy chain D and J gene rearrangements, although they are not fully committed. |
| lymphocyte proliferation | The expansion of a lymphocyte population by cell division. |
| regulation of neural crest cell differentiation | |
| positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta2. |
| tricuspid valve morphogenesis | The process in which the structure of the tricuspid valve is generated and organized. |
| regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation. |
| atrioventricular node cell development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an atrioventricular (AV) node cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. |
| positive regulation of cardiac ventricle development | |
| fibrous ring of heart morphogenesis | |
| proepicardium development | The progression of the proepicardium from its formation to the mature structure. The proepicardium is an outpouching of the septum transversum. |
| germ cell migration | The orderly movement of a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes through the embryo from its site of production to the place where the gonads will form. |
| extracellular structure organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures in the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane, and also covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. |
| negative regulation of triglyceride metabolic process | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. |
| succinyl-CoA metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving succinyl-CoA, a compound composed of the monovalent acyl group 3-carboxypropanoyl, derived from succinic acid by loss of one OH group, linked to coenzyme A. |
| sensory perception of salty taste | |
| sensory perception of sour taste | The series of events required to receive a sour taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. |
| cellular response to aldosterone | |
| cell proliferation involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis | |
| superior endocardial cushion morphogenesis | |
| positive regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen. |
| positive regulation of B cell tolerance induction | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction. |
| endocardial cushion fusion | |
| positive regulation of NK T cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell differentiation. |
| inferior endocardial cushion morphogenesis | |
| regulation of Ras protein signal transduction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction. |
| regulation of mitotic spindle organization | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle. |
| positive regulation of adiponectin secretion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell. |
| negative regulation of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing | |
| negative regulation of extracellular matrix assembly | |
| negative regulation of endothelial cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of SNARE complex assembly | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of assembly of the SNARE complex. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers. |
| dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission | The directed movement of dopamine into a presynaptic neuron or glial cell. In this context, dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. |
| negative regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of dopamine into a presynaptic neuron or glial cell. |
| regulation of norepinephrine uptake | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine into a cell. |
| negative regulation of norepinephrine uptake | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell. |
| negative regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone. |
| positive regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione peroxidase activity. |
| positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process. |
| regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle recycling. |
| positive regulation of protein localization to cell periphery | |
| postreplication repair | The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication. Includes pathways that remove replication-blocking lesions in conjunction with DNA replication. |
| negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity | |
| negative regulation of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration | |
| negative regulation of DNA biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process. |
| maturation of SSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) | Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. |
| nucleolus organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleolus. |
| regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process. |
| DNA replication, removal of RNA primer | Removal of the Okazaki RNA primer from the lagging strand of replicating DNA, by a combination of the actions of DNA polymerase, DNA helicase and an endonuclease. |
| positive regulation of immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process of immune complex clearance by monocytes or macrophages. |
| positive regulation of phagosome maturation | |
| negative regulation of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin | |
| postganglionic parasympathetic fiber development | |
| cellular response to morphine | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure. |
| positive regulation of adaptive immune response | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response. |
| nicotinamide metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide, pyridine-3-carboxamide, the amide of nicotinic acid. It is a member of the B complex of vitamins and occurs widely in living organisms. |
| NAD biosynthesis via nicotinamide riboside salvage pathway | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) from the vitamin precursor nicotinamide riboside. |
| modulation by host of viral genome replication | A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication. |
| anterior compartment pattern formation | The process giving rise to specification of cell identity in the anterior compartments of the segmented embryo. |
| posterior compartment specification | The process involved in the specification of cell identity in the posterior compartments of the segmented embryo. |
| negative regulation of formation of translation preinitiation complex | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of formation of translation preinitiation complex. |
| toxin metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving a toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism. |
| eye photoreceptor cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, as found in the eye, the primary visual organ of most organisms. |
| astrocyte differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an astrocyte. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function. |
| negative regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process | |
| peroxisome membrane biogenesis | The process in which a peroxisome membrane is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together. |
| protein import into peroxisome membrane | The targeting of proteins into the peroxisomal membrane. The process is not well understood, but both signals and mechanism differ from those involved in peroxisomal matrix protein import. |
| establishment of protein localization to peroxisome | The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a peroxisome. |
| negative regulation of lipid binding | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid binding. |
| SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by an SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein) complex, and mediated by the proteasome. |
| negative regulation of transcription by transcription factor localization | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves the localization of a transcription factor. |
| adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an opioid receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). |
| negative regulation of appetite | Any process that reduces appetite. |
| regulation of natural killer cell proliferation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation. |
| negative regulation of appetite by leptin-mediated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of leptin to a receptor on the surface of a cell, which reduces appetite, the desire or physical craving for food. |
| regulation of brown fat cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of brown fat cell differentiation. Brown fat cell differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria. |
| negative regulation of B cell apoptotic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process. |
| negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication. |
| negative regulation of leukocyte activation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation. |
| positive regulation of arginase activity | |
| positive regulation of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity | |
| negative regulation of matrix metallopeptidase secretion | |
| negative regulation of macrophage migration | |
| negative regulation of phospholipase activity | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid. |
| regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway | |
| olfactory bulb interneuron development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an interneuron residing in the olfactory bulb, from its initial commitment, to the fully functional differentiated cell. |
| chemoattraction of serotonergic neuron axon | |
| regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration | |
| negative regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain | |
| sensory organ development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of sensory organs over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| N-terminal protein amino acid acetylation | The acetylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins. |
| negative regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric | |
| regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand. |
| regulation of ornithine metabolic process | |
| diadenosine tetraphosphate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diadenosine tetraphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with four phosphate groups attached. |
| isoleucyl-tRNA aminoacylation | The process of coupling isoleucine to isoleucyl-tRNA, catalyzed by isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. |
| sequestering of BMP from receptor via BMP binding | Binding to a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in the extracellular region, and inhibiting BMP signaling by preventing BMP from binding to its cell surface receptor. |
| methotrexate transport | The directed movement of methotrexate, 4-amino-10-methylformic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Methotrexate is a folic acid analogue and a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase. |
| cyclic-GMP-AMP transmembrane import across plasma membrane | |
| folate import across plasma membrane | |
| phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway | |
| negative regulation of type 2 immune response | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response. |
| T-helper 17 cell chemotaxis | The directed movement of a T-helper 17 cell in response to an external stimulus. |
| negative regulation of eosinophil degranulation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of eosinophil degranulation. |
| macrophage migration | |
| positive regulation of thymocyte migration | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte migration. |
| positive regulation of monocyte extravasation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte extravasation. |
| positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation. |
| positive regulation of astrocyte chemotaxis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte chemotaxis. |
| establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity | Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell. |
| secretion | Material that is secreted as a result of the activity of a gland; this activity may range from separating a specific substance of the blood to the elaboration of a new chemical substance. |
| negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros. |
| response to peptide hormone | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals. |
| renal tubule development | The progression of the renal tubule over time from its formation to the mature form. A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis. |
| metanephric mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in metanephros development | The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a metanephric mesenchymal cell population. |
| negative regulation of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation. |
| maturation of 5.8S rRNA | Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5.8S rRNA molecule. |
| snRNA catabolic process | |
| retinal metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinal, a compound that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. In the retina, retinal combines with opsins to form visual pigments. Retinal is one of the forms of vitamin A. |
| regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity. |
| cellular response to prostaglandin stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin stimulus. |
| cellular response to corticosteroid stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosteroid hormone stimulus. A corticosteroid is a steroid hormone that is produced in the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiologic systems such as stress response, immune response and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior. They include glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. |
| cellular response to prostaglandin D stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin D stimulus. |
| negative regulation of actin filament depolymerization | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin depolymerization. |
| cellular response to hydrostatic pressure | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrostatic pressure stimulus. Hydrostatic pressure is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is at rest (as opposed to moving). The weight of the fluid above the object creates pressure on it. |
| TORC2 signaling | A series of intracellular molecular signals mediated by TORC2; TOR (rapamycin-insensitive companion of TOR) in complex with at least Rictor (regulatory-associated protein of TOR), or orthologs of, and other signaling components. |
| response to amino acid | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups. |
| cellular response to L-leucine | |
| regulation of locomotor rhythm | |
| negative regulation of lysosome organization | |
| positive regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt | |
| reorganization of cellular membranes to establish viral sites of replication | |
| cellular response to staurosporine | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a staurosporine stimulus. |
| negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process | Any negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in apoptotic process. |
| regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining. |
| regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation. |
| positive regulation of macrophage apoptotic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage apoptotic process. |
| receptor recycling | The process that results in the return of receptor molecules to an active state and an active cellular location after they have been stimulated by a ligand. An active state is when the receptor is ready to receive a signal. |
| spontaneous synaptic transmission | |
| neurotransmitter receptor cycle | |
| postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor cycle | |
| regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation. |
| positive regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel. |
| vocal learning | A behavioral process whose outcome is a relatively long-lasting behavioral change whereby an organism modifies innate vocalizations to imitate sounds produced by others. |
| regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade | |
| positive regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade | |
| calcitonin catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the peptide calcitonin. |
| endothelin maturation | The process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of endothelin by conversion of Big-endothelin substrate into mature endothelin. |
| L-glutamate import | The directed movement of L-glutamate, the L-enantiomer of the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid, into a cell or organelle. |
| D-aspartate import across plasma membrane | |
| L-glutamate import across plasma membrane | |
| L-aspartate import across plasma membrane | |
| L-aspartate transmembrane transport | The directed movement of L-aspartate across a membrane. |
| cysteine transport | The directed movement of cysteine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| D-aspartate transmembrane transport | |
| glutamine transport | The directed movement of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| L-alanine transport | The directed movement of L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| L-serine transport | The directed movement of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| threonine transport | The directed movement of threonine, (2R*,3S*)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| hydroxyproline transport | The directed movement of hydroxyproline into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| L-serine import across plasma membrane | |
| corpus callosum morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the corpus callosum are generated and organized. The corpus callosum is a thick bundle of nerve fibers comprising a commissural plate connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. It consists of contralateral axon projections that provides communications between the right and left cerebral hemispheres. |
| negative regulation of collateral sprouting | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting. |
| negative regulation of dendrite development | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development. |
| short-chain fatty acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids with a chain length of less than C6. |
| response to X-ray | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz). |
| somatic recombination of immunoglobulin gene segments | The process in which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, as known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus. |
| biotin metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving biotin, cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid; the (+) enantiomer is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions. |
| glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle | |
| DNA double-strand break processing involved in repair via single-strand annealing | The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang that results in the repair of a double strand break via single-strand annealing. |
| negative regulation of protein acetylation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein acetylation. |
| regulation of superoxide anion generation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of enzymatic generation of superoxide by a cell. |
| regulation of neutrophil degranulation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil degranulation. |
| cellular response to molecule of fungal origin | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of fungal origin such as chito-octamer oligosaccharide. |
| regulation of arachidonate secretion | |
| protein transport within extracellular region | |
| atrioventricular node development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the atrioventricular (AV) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The AV node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of ventricle contraction by receiving electrical signals from the sinoatrial (SA) node and relaying them to the His-Purkinje system. |
| atrioventricular valve formation | The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the atrioventricular valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. |
| atrial septum primum morphogenesis | The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum primum is generated and organized. |
| atrial septum secundum morphogenesis | The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum secundum is generated and organized. |
| embryonic foregut morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase. |
| atrial septum morphogenesis | The developmental process in which atrial septum is generated and organized. The atrial septum separates the upper chambers (the atria) of the heart from one another. |
| cardiac muscle tissue regeneration | The regrowth of cardiac muscle tissue to repair injured or damaged muscle fibers in the postnatal stage. |
| globus pallidus development | The progression of the globus pallidus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The globus pallidus is one of the basal ganglia involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain. |
| regulation of DNA-templated transcription elongation | |
| positive regulation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity | |
| glycoprotein transport | The directed movement of a glycoprotein, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization | The process by which the mitochondrial outer membrane becomes permeable to the passing of proteins and other molecules from the intermembrane space to the cytosol as part of the apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| JUN phosphorylation | The process of introducing a phosphate group into a JUN protein. |
| positive regulation of cell killing | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing. |
| dipeptide import across plasma membrane | |
| tripeptide import across plasma membrane | |
| ribosomal large subunit assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form the large ribosomal subunit. |
| subtelomeric heterochromatin formation | |
| cellular response to hydroxyurea | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyurea stimulus. |
| regulation of intracellular signal transduction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. |
| positive regulation of glial cell migration | |
| mitochondrial translational initiation | The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in a mitochondrion. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA. |
| endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced pre-emptive quality control | |
| autophagic cell death | A form of programmed cell death that is accompanied by macroautophagy, which is characterized by the sequestration of cytoplasmic material within autophagosomes for bulk degradation by lysosomes. Autophagic cell death is characterized by lack of chromatin condensation, massive vacuolization of the cytoplasm, and accumulation of (double-membraned) autophagic vacuoles, with little or no uptake by phagocytic cells. |
| mitral valve formation | The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the mitral valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. |
| growth involved in heart morphogenesis | Developmental growth that contributes to the shaping of the heart. |
| negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis | |
| positive regulation of transcription of Notch receptor target | The activation of transcription of specific genes as a result of Notch signaling, mediated by the Notch intracellular domain. |
| mesenchymal cell development | The process aimed at the progression of a mesenchymal cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. |
| arterial endothelial cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized endothelial cell acquires specialized features of an arterial endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of arteries. |
| venous endothelial cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized endothelial cell acquires specialized features of a venous endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of veins. |
| vasculogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis | The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells that contributes to blood vessel development in the heart, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes. |
| positive regulation of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition | |
| cellular response to tumor cell | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a tumor cell. |
| negative regulation of pro-B cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pro-B cell differentiation. |
| melatonin biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine). |
| indolalkylamine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group. |
| negative regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity | |
| negative regulation of protein neddylation | |
| glucosamine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin. |
| negative regulation of sodium ion transport | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| positive regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. |
| negative regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity. |
| polarized epithelial cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a polarized epithelial cell. The polarized epithelial cell can be any of the cells within an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis. |
| NAD biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH. |
| quinolinate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of quinolinate, the anion of quinolinic acid, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid. |
| response to cadmium ion | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus. |
| co-translational protein modification | The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after translation has begun but before the protein has been released from the ribosome. |
| platelet activating factor biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of platelet activating factor, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine, where alkyl = hexadecyl or octadecyl. Platelet activating factor is an inflammatory mediator released from a variety of cells in response to various stimuli. |
| phosphatidylglycerol catabolic process | |
| negative regulation of microvillus assembly | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microvillus assembly. |
| regulation of glycogen metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen. |
| embryonic camera-type eye development | The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| glutaminyl-tRNA aminoacylation | The process of coupling glutamine to glutaminyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'- adenosine residue of the tRNA. |
| cellular response to purine-containing compound | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purine-containing compound stimulus. |
| regulation of B cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation. |
| somatic stem cell division | The self-renewing division of a somatic stem cell, a stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. |
| negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle phase transition. |
| AMP catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of AMP, adenosine monophosphate. |
| hypoxanthine catabolic process | |
| xanthine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids. |
| mature natural killer cell chemotaxis | The directed movement of a mature natural killer cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). A mature natural killer cell is a natural killer cell that is developmentally mature and expresses a variety of inhibitory and activating receptors that recognize MHC class and other stress related molecules. |
| positive regulation of granzyme B production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granzyme B. |
| positive regulation of granzyme A production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granzyme A production. |
| negative regulation of T-helper 1 cell activation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell activation. |
| positive regulation of B cell chemotaxis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell chemotaxis. |
| positive regulation of immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue. |
| release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by endoplasmic reticulum | |
| T cell apoptotic process | Any apoptotic process in a T cell, a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. |
| necroptotic process | A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former. |
| positive regulation of phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface | |
| creatine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving creatine (N-(aminoiminomethyl)-N-methylglycine), a compound synthesized from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine that occurs in muscle. |
| creatine transmembrane transport | The directed movement of creatine across a membrane. |
| protein catabolic process in the vacuole | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein in the vacuole, usually by the action of vacuolar proteases. |
| regulation of epithelial cell proliferation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. |
| CXCL12-activated CXCR4 signaling pathway | |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid transport | The directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| glycine betaine transport | |
| glycine transport | The directed movement of glycine, aminoethanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| regulation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic | |
| glycine import across plasma membrane | |
| response to carbohydrate | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbohydrate stimulus. |
| regulation of transport | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| cilium-dependent cell motility | Cell motility due to the motion of one or more eukaryotic cilia. A eukaryotic cilium is a specialized organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. |
| positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell development | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development. |
| 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process | |
| endodermal cell fate specification | The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into an endoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. |
| glial cell fate commitment | The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glial cell. |
| negative regulation of immune system process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. |
| chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis | The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the development of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. |
| chondrocyte hypertrophy | The growth of a chondrocyte, where growth contributes to the progression of the chondrocyte over time. |
| growth plate cartilage chondrocyte growth | The growth of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte, where growth contributes to the progression of the chondrocyte over time from one condition to another. |
| neural crest cell fate specification | The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neural crest cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. |
| male germ-line sex determination | The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in a male organism's germ line. |
| negative regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. |
| retinal rod cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a retinal rod cell. |
| epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostatic bud elongation | The multiplication of epithelial cells, contributing to the expansion of the primary prostatic bud. |
| regulation of cell proliferation involved in tissue homeostasis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation resulting in the maintenance of a steady-state number of cells within a tissue. |
| metanephric nephron tubule formation | The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of a nephron in the metanephros. |
| positive regulation of kidney development | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of kidney development. Kidney development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. |
| ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization | |
| positive regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament depolymerization. |
| glycine decarboxylation via glycine cleavage system | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine by oxidative cleavage to carbon dioxide, ammonia, and a methylene group, mediated by enzymes of the glycine cleavage complex. |
| protein localization to centrosome | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the centrosome. |
| non-motile cilium assembly | |
| positive regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of cardiac muscle contraction | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction. |
| ectoderm formation | The formation of ectoderm during gastrulation. |
| spinal cord association neuron differentiation | The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of association neurons. Association neurons are cells located in the dorsal portion of the spinal cord that integrate sensory input. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. |
| cerebellar Purkinje cell differentiation | The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar Purkinje cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a Purkinje cell fate. A Purkinje cell is an inhibitory GABAergic neuron found in the cerebellar cortex that projects to the deep cerebellar nuclei and brain stem. |
| forebrain regionalization | The regionalization process resulting in the creation of areas within the forebrain that will direct the behavior of cell migration in differentiation as the forebrain develops. |
| cerebellar Purkinje cell-granule cell precursor cell signaling | |
| uterine epithelium development | The progression of an epithelium of the uterus over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. |
| oviduct development | The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oviduct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism. |
| cervix development | The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cervix over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| renal vesicle morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the renal vesicle are generated and organized. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells. |
| dorsal spinal cord interneuron posterior axon guidance | |
| lateral motor column neuron migration | The orderly movement of a lateral motor column neuron from one site to another. A lateral motor column neuron is a motor neuron that is generated only on limb levels and send axons into the limb mesenchyme. |
| positive regulation of anterior head development | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anterior head development. |
| smooth muscle cell proliferation | The multiplication or reproduction of smooth muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. |
| negative regulation of sensory perception of pain | |
| L-tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine | |
| negative regulation of hippocampal neuron apoptotic process | |
| multiple spine synapse organization, single dendrite | |
| regulation of microglial cell migration | |
| negative regulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity | |
| T cell proliferation involved in immune response | The expansion of a T cell population by cell division as part of an immune response. |
| manganese ion transport | The directed movement of manganese (Mn) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| nitrite transport | The directed movement of nitrite into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| metal ion transport | The directed movement of metal ions, any metal ion with an electric charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| MHC class II biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class II. |
| cadmium ion transmembrane transport | A process in which a cadmium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| cellular detoxification of cadmium ion | |
| detection of oxygen | The series of events in which an oxygen stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. |
| cobalt ion transport | The directed movement of cobalt (Co) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| nickel cation transport | The directed movement of nickel (Ni) cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| vanadium ion transport | |
| lead ion transport | The directed movement of lead (Pb) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| iron import into cell | |
| DNA replication-dependent chromatin assembly | |
| protein farnesylation | The covalent attachment of a farnesyl group to a protein. |
| spermidine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane. |
| peptidyl-lysine modification to peptidyl-hypusine | The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form hypusine, peptidyl-N6-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine. |
| choline catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. |
| CENP-A containing chromatin assembly | |
| kinetochore assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the kinetochore, a multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules. |
| ventricular system development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain ventricular system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The brain ventricular system consists of four communicating cavities within the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord. These cavities include two lateral ventricles, the third ventricle and the fourth ventricle. Cerebrospinal fluid fills the ventricles and is produced by the choroid plexus. |
| CDP-choline pathway | The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with the phosphorylation of choline and ends with the combination of CDP-choline with diacylglycerol to form phosphatidylcholine. |
| alanyl-tRNA aminoacylation | The process of coupling alanine to alanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by alanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. |
| negative regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator. |
| cysteinyl-tRNA aminoacylation | The process of coupling cysteine to cysteinyl-tRNA, catalyzed by cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. |
| selenocysteine incorporation | The incorporation of selenocysteine into a peptide; uses a special tRNA that recognizes the UGA codon as selenocysteine, rather than as a termination codon. Selenocysteine is synthesized from serine before its incorporation; it is not a posttranslational modification of peptidyl-cysteine. |
| seryl-tRNA aminoacylation | The process of coupling serine to seryl-tRNA, catalyzed by seryl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. |
| negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production | |
| optokinetic behavior | The behavior of an organism pertaining to movement of the eyes and of objects in the visual field, as in nystagmus. |
| abducens nerve formation | The process that gives rise to the abducens nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye. |
| semicircular canal formation | The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the semicircular canal from the otic vesicle. This process begins with the regionalization of the vesicle that specifies the area where the vesicles will form and continues through the process of fusion which forms the initial tubes. |
| positive regulation of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway | |
| cartilage homeostasis | A tissue homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within cartilage, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function. |
| energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds | The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from organic compounds; results in the oxidation of the compounds from which energy is released. |
| endosomal vesicle fusion | The homotypic fusion of endocytic vesicles to form or add to an early endosome. |
| regulation of SNARE complex assembly | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of assembly of the SNARE complex. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers. |
| COPI-coated vesicle budding | The evagination of a Golgi membrane, resulting in formation of a COPI-coated vesicle. |
| COPI coating of Golgi vesicle | The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat. |
| protein localization to ERGIC | |
| cytosol to ERGIC protein transport | |
| regulation of amyloid-beta formation | |
| neuroblast division in subventricular zone | The division of neuroblasts in the subventricular zone of the forebrain. The interneuron precursors that these cells give rise to include adult olfactory bulb interneurons and migrate tangentially. |
| Notch receptor processing | The series of successive proteolytic cleavages of the Notch protein, which result in an active form of the receptor. |
| negative regulation of core promoter binding | |
| purine ribonucleotide catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. |
| protein desumoylation | The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein. |
| purine nucleotide metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. |
| diadenosine triphosphate catabolic process | |
| regulation of calcium import into the mitochondrion | |
| negative regulation of mitophagy | |
| negative regulation of UDP-glucose catabolic process | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of UDP-glucose catabolism. UDP-glucose catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. |
| negative regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state. |
| positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway | |
| negative regulation of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate | |
| negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell development | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development. |
| negative regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen (starch) synthase activity. |
| positive regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen (starch) synthase activity. |
| presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission | |
| neuron projection organization | |
| regulation of microtubule anchoring at centrosome | |
| negative regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation | |
| negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of single strand break repair | |
| estrogen catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants. |
| GMP metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving GMP, guanosine monophosphate. |
| dGMP metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate). |
| negative regulation of defense response to virus by host | Any host process that results in the inhibition of antiviral immune response mechanisms, thereby facilitating viral replication. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. |
| formate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving formate, also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid. |
| folic acid catabolic process | |
| negative regulation of mitochondrial DNA replication | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion. |
| T cell receptor V(D)J recombination | The process in which T cell receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific locus, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). |
| positive regulation of chromosome organization | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization. |
| regulation of mitotic recombination | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination during mitosis. |
| negative regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining. |
| regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by circulatory renin-angiotensin | The process in which angiotensinogen metabolites in the bloodstream modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. The process begins when renin is released and cleaves angiotensinogen. |
| histamine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans. |
| sclerotome development | The progression of the sclerotome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The sclerotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to a vertebra. |
| amine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom. |
| cellular response to antibiotic | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms. |
| negative regulation of GDF15-GFRAL signaling pathway | |
| porphyrin-containing compound biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrin consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group. |
| negative regulation of protein localization to cilium | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium. |
| cerebral cortex cell migration | The orderly movement of cells from one site to another in the cerebral cortex. |
| creatine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of creatine, N-[amino(imino)methyl]-N-methylglycine. Creatine is formed by a process beginning with amidino group transfer from L-arginine to glycine to form guanidinoacetate, followed by methyl group transfer from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to guanidinoacetate; it is then is phosphorylated to form a pool that stores high energy phosphate for the replenishment of ATP during periods of high, or fluctuating energy demand. In animals, most creatine is transported to and used in muscle. |
| sulfate transmembrane transport | The directed movement of sulfate across a membrane. |
| mast cell mediated immunity | Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a mast cell. |
| positive regulation of actin filament severing | |
| protein localization to organelle | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an organelle. |
| peripheral nervous system neuron development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the peripheral nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron. |
| noradrenergic neuron development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a noradrenergic neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. |
| noradrenergic neuron fate commitment | The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a noradrenergic neuron. |
| cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a GABAergic interneuron residing in the cerebral cortex. |
| lung epithelial cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell that contributes to the epithelium of the lung. |
| ventral spinal cord interneuron fate commitment | The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a ventral spinal cord interneuron. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses. |
| actin filament bundle organization | A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an actin filament bundle. |
| vesicle scission | |
| N-terminal protein amino acid modification | The alteration of the N-terminal amino acid residue in a protein. |
| negative regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A) tail shortening of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA. Poly(A) tail shortening is the decrease in length of the poly(A) tail of an mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length. |
| response to biotin | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotin stimulus. |
| positive regulation of protein localization to chromatin | |
| transcription elongation-coupled chromatin remodeling | |
| negative regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway. |
| regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by nervous system process | |
| negative regulation of heart contraction | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. |
| negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transport. |
| negative regulation of mRNA catabolic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA catabolic process. |
| epidermal growth factor catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of epidermal growth factor (EGF), following internalization of the receptor-bound ligand into the signal-receiving cell. Full breakdown of epidermal growth factor results in a ligand that is unable to bind and activate its receptor. |
| lipophagy | |
| phagosome maturation | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the arrangement of constituent parts of a phagosome within a cell. Phagosome maturation begins with endocytosis and formation of the early phagosome and ends with the formation of the hybrid organelle, the phagolysosome. |
| phagosome acidification | Any process that reduces the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. |
| endosome to plasma membrane protein transport | |
| trans-Golgi network to recycling endosome transport | The directed movement of substances, in membrane-bounded vesicles, from the trans-Golgi network to the recycling endosomes. |
| establishment of Sertoli cell barrier | Establishment of a structure near the basement membrane in adjacent Sertoli cells of the seminiferous epithelium for maintaining spermatogenesis. The structure consists of tight junctions, basal ectoplasmic specializations, and desmosome-like junctions. |
| melanosome localization | Any process in which a melanosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. |
| melanosome transport | The directed movement of melanosomes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| multivesicular body organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a multivesicular body. A multivesicular body is a type of late endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm. |
| positive regulation of constitutive secretory pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of constitutive secretory pathway. |
| exosomal secretion | The process whereby a membrane-bounded vesicle are released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. |
| phospholipase C/protein kinase C signal transduction | |
| Peyer's patch development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of Peyer's patches over time, from their formation to the mature structure. Peyer's patches are typically found as nodules associated with gut epithelium with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes. |
| T-helper 17 cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires the specialized features of a T-helper 17 (Th17) cell. A Th17 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17. |
| DNA replication, Okazaki fragment processing | The DNA metabolic process, occurring during lagging strand synthesis, by which RNA primers are removed from Okazaki fragments, the resulting gaps filled by DNA polymerization, and the ends ligated to form a continuous strand. |
| positive regulation of glucose mediated signaling pathway | |
| positive regulation of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol | |
| mitotic recombination-dependent replication fork processing | |
| N-acetylneuraminate catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid. |
| toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 9. |
| caveola assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a caveola. A caveola is a plasma membrane raft that forms a small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. |
| sesquiterpenoid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving sesquiterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with three isoprene units. |
| phytol metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytol, (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol. |
| hexadecanal metabolic process | |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms. |
| mesonephric duct morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric duct are generated and organized. A mesonephric duct is a tube drains the mesonephros. |
| regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway. |
| very long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving very long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a medium-chain fatty-acyl group. A very long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22. |
| medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. A medium-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12. |
| isotype switching to IgA isotypes | |
| thymocyte migration | |
| DN3 thymocyte differentiation | |
| cellular response to norepinephrine stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a norepinephrine stimulus. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C8H11NO3; it acts as a hormone, and as a neurotransmitter in most of the sympathetic nervous system. |
| regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone. |
| negative regulation of cell volume | Any process that decreases cell volume. |
| neuron projection guidance | The process in which the migration of a neuron projection is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. |
| epithelial tube morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an epithelium. Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. |
| kidney morphogenesis | Morphogenesis of a kidney. A kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. |
| regulation of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development. |
| C21-steroid hormone metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving C21-steroid hormones, steroid compounds containing 21 carbons which function as hormones. |
| negative regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of centriole-centriole cohesion. |
| N-glycan fucosylation | The process of transferring a fucosyl group to an N-glycan. An N-glycan is the carbohydrate portion of an N-glycoprotein when attached to a nitrogen from asparagine or arginine side-chains. |
| snRNA export from nucleus | The directed movement of snRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. |
| mRNA metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes. |
| positive regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing. |
| regulatory ncRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing | |
| positive regulation of RNA export from nucleus | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of RNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. |
| CAAX-box protein maturation | |
| negative regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell cytokine production. |
| negative regulation of FasL production | |
| response to interleukin-2 | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-2 stimulus. |
| response to interleukin-4 | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-4 stimulus. |
| response to interleukin-15 | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-15 stimulus. |
| response to interleukin-9 | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-9 stimulus. |
| meiotic mismatch repair | A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules. Correction of the mismatch can result in non-Mendelian segregation of alleles following meiosis. |
| L-threonine catabolic process to glycine | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) to form to form 2-amino-3-oxobutanoate, which is subsequently converted to glycine. |
| regulation of chemotaxis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient. |
| growth plate cartilage axis specification | The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the columnar cartilage along the axis of a long bone that contributes to bone growth. |
| negative regulation of renal phosphate excretion | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renal phosphate excretion. |
| negative regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation is the phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine. |
| mesodermal-endodermal cell signaling | Any process that mediates the transfer of information from mesodermal cells to endodermal cells. |
| negative regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate. |
| type B pancreatic cell differentiation | The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a type B pancreatic cell. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin. |
| bundle of His development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bundle of His over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bundle of His is part of the His-Purkinje system that transmits signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers. |
| right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the right cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized. |
| atrial cardiac muscle tissue development | |
| septum secundum development | The progression of the septum secundum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. |
| positive regulation of cardioblast differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. |
| mitochondrial citrate transmembrane transport | |
| response to arachidonate | |
| Golgi inheritance | The partitioning of Golgi apparatus between daughter cells at cell division. |
| nuclear membrane disassembly | |
| protein localization to nuclear envelope | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within a nuclear envelope. |
| regulation of protein localization to cell cortex | |
| regulation of response to tumor cell | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to tumor cell. |
| cellular response to hydroperoxide | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroperoxide stimulus. Hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH. |
| positive regulation of autophagic cell death | |
| negative regulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi | |
| enucleate erythrocyte differentiation | The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specialized features of an erythrocyte without a nucleus. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. |
| isoprenoid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues. |
| establishment of vesicle localization | The directed movement of a vesicle to a specific location. |
| cytochrome c-heme linkage | |
| myo-inositol import across plasma membrane | |
| regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I | |
| membrane disassembly | The controlled breakdown of any cell membrane in the context of a normal process such as autophagy. |
| ether lipid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving ether lipids, lipids that contain (normally) one lipid alcohol in ether linkage to one of the carbon atoms (normally C-1) of glycerol. |
| N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process | |
| regulation of adipose tissue development | |
| mevalonate transport | The directed movement of mevalonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| plasma membrane lactate transport | The directed movement of lactate across a plasma membrane. |
| succinate transmembrane transport | A process in which a succinate ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| RNA polymerase II promoter clearance | |
| negative regulation of DNA metabolic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. |
| DNA replication proofreading | Correction of replication errors by DNA polymerase using a 3'-5' exonuclease activity. |
| resolution of DNA recombination intermediates | |
| cellular response to camptothecin | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a camptothecin stimulus. |
| arginyl-tRNA aminoacylation | The process of coupling arginine to arginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by arginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. |
| cellular response to misfolded protein | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a misfolded protein stimulus. |
| protein localization to cytosolic proteasome complex | |
| positive regulation of neurotrophin production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a neurotrophin. |
| positive regulation of non-motile cilium assembly | |
| telomere capping | A process in which telomeres are protected from degradation and fusion, thereby ensuring chromosome stability by protecting the ends from both degradation and from being recognized as damaged DNA. May be mediated by specific single- or double-stranded telomeric DNA binding proteins. |
| negative regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the semi-conservative replication of telomeric DNA. |
| positive regulation of shelterin complex assembly | |
| negative regulation of establishment of protein localization to telomere | |
| negative regulation of establishment of RNA localization to telomere | |
| negative regulation of establishment of protein-containing complex localization to telomere | |
| negative regulation of exonuclease activity | |
| negative regulation of telomeric D-loop disassembly | |
| calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel | |
| regulation of membrane repolarization during action potential | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of membrane repolarization during an action potential. Membrane repolarization is the process in which membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, towards the resting potential. |
| membrane depolarization during bundle of His cell action potential | The process in which bundle of His cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential. |
| galactolipid catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactolipids, any glycolipid containing one of more residues of galactose and/or N-acetylgalactosamine. |
| tyrosyl-tRNA aminoacylation | The process of coupling tyrosine to tyrosyl-tRNA, catalyzed by tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. |
| negative regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process | |
| protein localization to lipid droplet | |
| positive regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-lysine acetylation. |
| male meiotic nuclear division | |
| corticospinal tract morphogenesis | Generation of a long process of a pyramidal cell, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in cerebral cortex layer V towards target cells in the gray matter of the spinal cord. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the corticospinal tract. |
| regulation of astrocyte differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation. |
| neuron projection fasciculation | |
| positive regulation of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. |
| galactosylceramide catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group. |
| regulation of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi. |
| bleb assembly | The assembly of a bleb, a cell extension characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusions. |
| natural killer cell proliferation | The expansion of a natural killer cell population by cell division. |
| regulation of glomerular filtration | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the process in which blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule. |
| heart formation | The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the heart field and the arrival of cardiac neural crest to the heart region. The process ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. |
| actin-mediated cell contraction | The actin filament-based process in which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of all or part of the cell body. |
| regulation of vasculogenesis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis. |
| ornithine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis. |
| parallel actin filament bundle assembly | Assembly of actin filament bundles in which the filaments are tightly packed (approximately 10-20 nm apart) and oriented with the same polarity. |
| ruffle assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ruffle, a projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell; the protrusions are supported by a microfilament meshwork. The formation of ruffles (also called membrane ruffling) is thought to be controlled by a group of enzymes known as Rho GTPases, specifically RhoA, Rac1 and cdc42. |
| intracellular chloride ion homeostasis | |
| positive regulation of aspartate secretion | |
| regulation of matrix metallopeptidase secretion | |
| transepithelial ammonium transport | The directed movement of ammonium ions from one side of an epithelium to the other. |
| inorganic cation import across plasma membrane | |
| negative regulation of pinocytosis | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pinocytosis. Pinocytosis is the process in which cells take in liquid material from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell and pass their contents to endosomes. |
| glycolipid transport | The directed movement of glycolipids, compounds containing (usually) 1-4 linked monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosyl linkage to a lipid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| response to L-glutamate | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an L-glutamate stimulus. |
| cellular hypotonic response | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hypotonic environment, i.e. an environment with a lower concentration of solutes than the organism or cell. |
| positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. |
| flavin adenine dinucleotide catabolic process | |
| protein-DNA covalent cross-linking repair | |
| positive regulation of protein K63-linked deubiquitination | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein K63-linked deubiquitination. |
| positive regulation of Lys63-specific deubiquitinase activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Lys63-specific deubiquitinase activity. |
| cellular response to arsenite ion | |
| regulation of protein localization to chromatin | |
| regulation of collagen metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. |
| positive regulation of eosinophil degranulation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil degranulation. |
| positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil. |
| positive regulation of renin secretion into blood stream | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renin secretion into blood stream. |
| regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production. |
| positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of TORC2 signaling | |
| establishment of endothelial intestinal barrier | The establishment of a barrier between endothelial cell layers of the intestine to exert specific and selective control over the passage of water and solutes, thus allowing formation and maintenance of compartments that differ in fluid and solute composition. |
| lymphocyte apoptotic process | Any apoptotic process in a lymphocyte, a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin. |
| ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. |
| base conversion or substitution editing | Any base modification or substitution events that result in alterations in the coding potential or structural properties of RNAs as a result of changes in the base-pairing properties of the modified ribonucleoside(s). |
| adenosine to inosine editing | The conversion of an adenosine residue to inosine in an RNA molecule by deamination. |
| aortic valve formation | |
| C4-dicarboxylate transport | The directed movement of a C4-dicarboxylate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A C4-dicarboxylate is the anion of a dicarboxylic acid that contains four carbon atoms. |
| regulation of protein localization to nucleus | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus. |
| IgG immunoglobulin transcytosis in epithelial cells mediated by FcRn immunoglobulin receptor | The process of transporting IgG immunoglobulin, via transcytosis using the FcRn (also known as the neonatal Fc receptor; gene name FCGRT), from apical surface of an epithelial cell to the basolateral surface or vice versa depending on the location. This process is used for uptake of IgG from the milk in the gut in rodents, for transplacental transport of IgG from mother to embryo in humans, and for maintenance of a steady-state distribution of IgG across epithelial boundaries in general in adult mammals. |
| positive regulation of amacrine cell differentiation | |
| methionyl-tRNA aminoacylation | The process of coupling methionine to methionyl-tRNA, catalyzed by methionyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. |
| peptidyl-lysine deacetylation | The removal of an acetyl group from an acetylated lysine residue in a peptide or protein. |
| regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. |
| regulation of signal transduction by receptor internalization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by the movement of a signaling receptor from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell. Receptor internalization can have a positive or negative effect on a signaling pathway. |
| regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor. |
| negative regulation of sarcomere organization | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. |
| regulation of membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during a cardiac muscle cell action potential. |
| positive regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate specification. |
| negative regulation of testicular blood vessel morphogenesis | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel morphogenesis in the testicle. |
| negative regulation of male gonad development | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development. |
| positive regulation of cortisol biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cortisol biosynthetic process. |
| negative regulation of androgen biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of androgen biosynthetic process. |
| negative regulation of testosterone biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of testosterone biosynthetic process. |
| metanephros morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephros are generated and organized. |
| chemoattraction of dopaminergic neuron axon | |
| lobar bronchus development | The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lobar bronchus from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lobar bronchus and ends with the mature structure. The lobar bronchus is the major airway within the respiratory tree that starts by division of the principal bronchi on both sides and ends at the point of its own subdivision into tertiary or segmental bronchi. |
| trachea cartilage morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of cartilage in the trachea are generated and organized. |
| outer medullary collecting duct development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the outer medullary collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The outer medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal outer medulla. |
| inner medullary collecting duct development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner medullary collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The inner medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal inner medulla. |
| metanephric collecting duct development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct responds to vasopressin and aldosterone to regulate water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder. |
| photoreceptor cell outer segment organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level and results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the outer segment of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. The outer segment of the photoreceptor cell contains the light-absorbing materials. |
| retinal rod cell development | Development of a rod cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Rod cells contain the photopigment rhodopsin or porphyropsin and are responsible for vision in dim light. |
| regulation of intestinal D-glucose absorption | |
| regulation of intestinal lipid absorption | |
| epithelial fluid transport | The directed movement of fluid across epithelia. |
| tight junction organization | |
| endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment. |
| ERBB4 signaling pathway | |
| regulation of myotube differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. |
| negative regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. |
| negative regulation of CREB transcription factor activity | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the transcription factor CREB. |
| positive regulation of anoikis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis. |
| positive regulation of gliogenesis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia. |
| ureter morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the ureter are generated and organized. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. |
| regulation of cilium movement | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium. |
| tRNA (guanine-N7)-methylation | |
| hematopoietic stem cell migration to bone marrow | The orderly movement of a hematopoietic stem cell into the bone marrow, and its subsequent positioning within defined functional compartments in that microenvironment. A hematopoietic stem cell is a cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system. |
| positive regulation of lymphocyte migration | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte migration. |
| regulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization. |
| pseudopodium organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pseudopodium, a temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with cellular movement. |
| osteoclast fusion | The plasma membrane fusion process that results in fusion of mononuclear osteoclasts to form a multinuclear osteoclast. |
| regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a dopamine receptor signaling pathway activity. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. |
| negative regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress | |
| extraocular skeletal muscle development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. |
| negative regulation of keratinocyte migration | |
| regulation of epithelium regeneration | |
| fibronectin fibril organization | |
| proteoglycan catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans. |
| negative regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus. |
| protein-containing complex assembly involved in synapse maturation | |
| gephyrin clustering involved in postsynaptic density assembly | |
| guanylate kinase-associated protein clustering | The clustering process in which guanylate kinase-associated proteins (GKAPs) are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. GKAP facilitates assembly of the post synaptic density of neurons. |
| neuroligin clustering involved in postsynaptic membrane assembly | |
| postsynaptic density protein 95 clustering | The clustering process in which postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) molecules are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. PSD-95 is mostly located in the post synaptic density of neurons, and is involved in anchoring synaptic proteins. |
| positive regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission. |
| positive regulation of presynaptic active zone assembly | |
| equilibrioception | The series of events required for an organism to receive an orientational stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Equilibrioception refers to a combination of processes by which an organism can perceive its orientation with respect to gravity. In animals, stimuli come from labyrinth system of the inner ears, monitoring the direction of motion; visual stimuli, with information on orientation and motion; pressure receptors, which tell the organism which body surfaces are in contact with the ground; and proprioceptive cues, which report which parts of the body are in motion. |
| positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. |
| regulation of barbed-end actin filament capping | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of barbed-end actin filament capping. |
| regulation of interferon-beta production | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-beta production. |
| positive regulation of interleukin-15 production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-15 production. |
| TIRAP-dependent toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor 4 where the TIRAP/MAL adaptor mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like 4 receptors are pattern recognition receptors that bind bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate an innate immune response. |
| positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production. |
| NLRP6 inflammasome complex assembly | |
| regulation of interleukin-18 production | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-18 production. |
| negative regulation of Toll signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway. |
| D-amino acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids. |
| regulation of flagellated sperm motility | |
| sensory perception of bitter taste | The series of events required to receive a bitter taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. |
| negative regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway | |
| axonemal central apparatus assembly | |
| epigenetic programing of female pronucleus | |
| positive regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. |
| macrophage fusion | |
| CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation | The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the T cell receptor to augment CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation. |
| positive regulation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| positive regulation of receptor clustering | |
| positive regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole | |
| positive regulation of adaptive immune memory response | |
| methylglyoxal biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid. |
| negative regulation of meiotic nuclear division | |
| spindle assembly involved in female meiosis | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. |
| maternal behavior | Female behaviors associated with the care and rearing of offspring. |
| negative regulation of organ growth | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism. |
| rhythmic synaptic transmission | Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous synaptic inputs in a neural circuit. |
| cellular response to electrical stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus. |
| postsynaptic density assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic density, a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse. |
| negative regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering. |
| negative regulation of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol | |
| morphogenesis of a polarized epithelium | The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of a polarized epithelium are generated and organized. A polarized epithelium is an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis. |
| positive regulation of norepinephrine uptake | |
| protein localization to adherens junction | Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the adherens junction. |
| cellular response to cytochalasin B | |
| purine nucleobase metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine. |
| pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. |
| hypoxanthine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate. |
| Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane | The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a Golgi transport vesicle to the target lipid bilayer membrane. |
| SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane | The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs during translation and is dependent upon two key components, the signal-recognition particle (SRP) and the SRP receptor. SRP is a cytosolic particle that transiently binds to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) signal sequence in a nascent protein, to the large ribosomal unit, and to the SRP receptor in the ER membrane. |
| SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, translocation | The process during cotranslational membrane targeting wherein proteins move across a membrane. SRP and its receptor initiate the transfer of the nascent chain across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane; they then dissociate from the chain, which is transferred to a set of transmembrane proteins, collectively called the translocon. Once the nascent chain translocon complex is assembled, the elongating chain passes directly from the large ribosomal subunit into the centers of the translocon, a protein-lined channel within the membrane. The growing chain is never exposed to the cytosol and does not fold until it reaches the ER lumen. |
| establishment of neuroblast polarity | The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system. |
| establishment of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum membrane | The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. |
| protein neddylation | Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 (RUB1) to another protein. |
| regulation of protein neddylation | |
| negative regulation of endoribonuclease activity | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks. |
| regulation of cell junction assembly | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell junction assembly. |
| regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein tyrosine kinase activity. |
| positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator. |
| regulation of translation involved in cellular response to UV | |
| regulation of synaptic vesicle priming | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle priming. Synaptic vesicle priming is the formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion. |
| negative regulation of macropinocytosis | |
| regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the second heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. The secondary heart field is the region of the heart that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, the arterial pole (outflow tract) and the venous pole (inflow tract). |
| cardiac neural crest cell development involved in outflow tract morphogenesis | The process aimed at the progression of a cardiac neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract. |
| positive regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway. |
| regulation of neuronal action potential | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a neuron. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. |
| regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity | |
| negative regulation of dendrite extension | |
| spinal cord motor neuron differentiation | The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of motor neurons. Motor neurons innervate an effector (muscle or glandular) tissue and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. |
| pancreas development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pancreas is an endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating enzymes. |
| sensory system development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sensory system over time from its formation to the mature structure. |
| peripheral nervous system neuron axonogenesis | Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the peripheral nervous system. The axon carries action potential from the cell body towards target cells. |
| cardiac cell fate determination | The process involved in cardiac cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment. |
| positive regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production. |
| endothelial tube lumen extension | |
| cleavage furrow formation | Generation of the cleavage furrow, a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate that marks the site of cytokinesis. This process includes the recruitment and localized activation of signals such as RhoA at the site of the future furrow to ensure that furrowing initiates at the correct site in the cell. |
| bone trabecula morphogenesis | The process of shaping a trabecula in bone. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod. |
| regulation of modification of postsynaptic structure | |
| mitotic cleavage furrow formation | |
| regulation of modification of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton | |
| N-terminal peptidyl-aspartic acid acetylation | |
| N-terminal peptidyl-glutamine acetylation | |
| N-terminal peptidyl-glutamic acid acetylation | The acetylation of the N-terminal glutamic acid of proteins to form the derivate acetyl-glutamic acid. |
| pronephric nephron development | |
| glycolipid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycolipid, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide). |
| carbohydrate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. |
| negative regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). |
| regulation of acrosomal vesicle exocytosis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acrosomal vesicle exocytosis. |
| positive regulation of ferrous iron binding | |
| positive regulation of transferrin receptor binding | |
| negative regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of forebrain neuron differentiation. |
| regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 production | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta2. |
| regulation of timing of catagen | |
| regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis. |
| negative regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation | |
| regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoids. |
| intracellular sterol transport | The directed movement of sterols within cells. |
| negative regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity. |
| protein localization to nuclear pore | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a nuclear pore. |
| regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded. |
| regulatory ncRNA-mediated heterochromatin formation | |
| random inactivation of X chromosome | Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global inactivation of all, or most of, the genes on either the paternal or maternal X-chromosome in the XX sex. |
| regulation of heart rate by hormone | The process in which the hormones modulates the rate of heart muscle contraction. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action. |
| maintenance of translational fidelity | Suppression of the occurrence of translational errors, such as codon-anticodon mis-paring, during the process of translation of a protein using an mRNA template. |
| positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation. |
| negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism | |
| protein localization to endosome | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an endosome. |
| insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus | The regulated release of proinsulin from secretory granules (B granules) in the B cells of the pancreas; accompanied by cleavage of proinsulin to form mature insulin, in response to a glucose stimulus. |
| G-quadruplex DNA formation | |
| glomerular mesangial cell development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| telomere organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of telomeres, terminal regions of a linear chromosome that include the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins. |
| positive regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process. |
| pre-miRNA export from nucleus | Transport of pre-microRNAs (pre-miRNAs) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Pre-miRNAs are a ~60-70 nucleotide stem loop intermediate in miRNA production, produced by the nuclear cleavage of a primary miRNA (pri-mRNA) transcript. Pre-miRNAs are transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where further cleavage occurs to produce a mature miRNA product. |
| snRNA import into nucleus | The directed movement of snRNA, small nuclear ribonucleic acid into the nucleus. |
| protein localization to nucleolus | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a nucleolus. |
| ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the C-end degron rule pathway | |
| positive regulation of protein autoubiquitination | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein autoubiquitination. |
| regulation of viral genome replication | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication. |
| negative regulation of protein K48-linked ubiquitination | |
| regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| apoptotic nuclear changes | Alterations undergone by nuclei at the molecular and morphological level as part of the execution phase of apoptosis. |
| regulation of histamine secretion by mast cell | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histamine secretion by mast cell. |
| regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity. |
| hair follicle placode formation | The developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud. |
| regulation of synapse maturation | Any process that modulates the extent of synapse maturation, the process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state. |
| negative regulation of DNA strand resection involved in replication fork processing | |
| positive regulation of translational elongation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation. |
| regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | |
| negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide. |
| regulation of skeletal muscle contraction via regulation of action potential | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by depolarization of muscle membrane and ionic fluxes. |
| positive regulation of SUMO transferase activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of SUMO transferase activity. |
| tRNA transport | The directed movement of tRNA, transfer ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| adiponectin-activated signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of adiponectin to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| symbiont-mediated disruption of host cell PML body | |
| actin-myosin filament sliding | The sliding movement of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other. |
| negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria. |
| positive regulation of sequestering of calcium ion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system. |
| multi-pass transmembrane protein insertion into ER membrane | |
| negative regulation of nodal signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nodal signaling pathway. |
| epithelial structure maintenance | A tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of epithelial structure. |
| AV node cell to bundle of His cell communication | The process that mediates interactions between an AV node cell and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the AV node cell communicating with a bundle of His cell in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. |
| AV node cell-bundle of His cell adhesion involved in cell communication | |
| regulation of spindle assembly | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of spindle assembly. Spindle assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart. |
| regulation of kinetochore assembly | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of kinetochore assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the kinetochore, a multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules. |
| cellular response to interleukin-12 | |
| positive regulation of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration. |
| positive regulation of eosinophil migration | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil migration. |
| pressure natriuresis | The process in which the volume of blood increases renal pressure and thereby results in both an increase in urine volume (diuresis) and an increase in the amount of sodium excreted in the urine (natriuresis). |
| negative regulation of icosanoid secretion | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of an icosanoid from a cell. |
| positive regulation of icosanoid secretion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of an icosanoid from a cell. |
| leukotriene B4 catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leukotriene B4, a leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. |
| menaquinone catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of menaquinones, any of the quinone-derived compounds synthesized by intestinal bacteria. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2. |
| phylloquinone catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phylloquinone, vitamin K1, a quinone-derived compound synthesized by green plants. |
| vitamin K catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the forms of vitamin K, quinone-derived vitamins which are involved in the synthesis of blood-clotting factors in mammals. |
| L-serine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. |
| negative regulation of chloride transport | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chloride transport. |
| cellular response to pH | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. |
| protein localization to paranode region of axon | A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the paranode region of an axon. |
| neuronal action potential propagation | A neurological process that causes the sequential depolarization of a neuron's cell membrane along an axon. |
| protein localization to juxtaparanode region of axon | Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the juxtaparanode region of an axon. |
| regulation of monoatomic ion transport | |
| UDP-galactose transmembrane transport | The directed movement of UDP-galactose across a membrane into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| CMP-N-acetylneuraminate transmembrane transport | |
| Purkinje myocyte development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a Purkinje myocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber) is part of the cardiac conduction system that receives signals from the bundle of His and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle. |
| atrioventricular bundle cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell of the atrioventricular bundle. These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that transmit signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers. |
| His-Purkinje system cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell of the His-Purkinje system. These cells form the fibers regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles. |
| positive regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction. |
| negative regulation of interleukin-1 alpha production | |
| positive regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion. |
| type B pancreatic cell maturation | A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a type B pancreatic cell to attain its fully functional state. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin. |
| pulmonary artery morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the pulmonary artery are generated and organized. The pulmonary artery is the artery that carries blood from the heart to the lungs. |
| endocardial cushion cell development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an endocardial cushion cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. |
| spinal cord patterning | The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth and establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the spinal cord. |
| cerebral cortex tangential migration | The migration of cells in the cerebral cortex in which cells move orthogonally to the direction of radial migration and do not use radial glial cell processes as substrates for migration. |
| regulation of synaptic activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic activity, the controlled release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft and their subsequent detection by a postsynaptic cell. |
| positive regulation of platelet formation | |
| regulation of mast cell apoptotic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell apoptotic process. |
| positive regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of EGF-activated receptor activity. |
| cellular response to high density lipoprotein particle stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high density lipoprotein particle stimulus. |
| peptidyl-lysine acetylation | The acetylation of peptidyl-lysine. |
| voluntary musculoskeletal movement | The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system that can be controlled at will. |
| retrograde axonal protein transport | |
| negative regulation of protein localization to microtubule | |
| positive regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of alkaline phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum. |
| positive regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance. High-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded. |
| hematopoietic stem cell migration | The orderly movement of a hematopoietic stem cell from one site to another. A hematopoietic stem cell is a cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system. |
| cellular response to triglyceride | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triglyceride stimulus. |
| siderophore transport | The directed movement of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| cortisol metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving cortisol, the steroid hormone 11-beta-17,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. Cortisol is synthesized from cholesterol in the adrenal gland and controls carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and has anti-inflammatory properties. |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms. |
| positive regulation of protein polyubiquitination | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein polyubiquitination. |
| negative regulation of iron export across plasma membrane | |
| negative regulation of intestinal absorption | |
| maintenance of centrosome location | Any process in which a centrosome is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere. |
| positive regulation of spindle assembly | |
| mRNA 3'-end processing by stem-loop binding and cleavage | |
| retrograde transport, vesicle recycling within Golgi | The retrograde movement of substances within the Golgi, mediated by COP I vesicles. Cis-Golgi vesicles are constantly moving forward through the Golgi stack by cisternal progression, eventually becoming trans-Golgi vesicles. They then selectively transport membrane and luminal proteins from the trans- to the medial-Golgi while leaving others behind in the trans-Golgi cisternae; similarly, they selectively move proteins from the medial- to the cis-Golgi. |
| positive regulation of blood pressure | Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is increased. |
| long-term synaptic depression | |
| regulation of postsynapse assembly | |
| hyaluronan metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. |
| leading edge cell differentiation | The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of leading edge cells, cells at the front of a migrating epithelial sheet. |
| circulatory system development | |
| mesonephric tubule development | The progression of a mesonephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros. |
| metanephric proximal tubule development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric proximal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle in the metanephros. It has a brush border epithelial morphology. |
| metanephric distal tubule morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric distal tubule are generated and organized. The metanephric distal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the metanephric connecting tubule. |
| mitocytosis | |
| positive regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation. |
| neuron projection arborization | |
| copper ion homeostasis | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of copper ions within an organism or cell. |
| regulation of nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway | |
| negative regulation of antifungal innate immune response | |
| intracellular manganese ion homeostasis | |
| Golgi calcium ion homeostasis | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the Golgi apparatus of a cell or between the Golgi and its surroundings. |
| Golgi calcium ion transport | The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus. |
| trans-Golgi network membrane organization | A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a trans-Golgi network membrane. |
| regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophil chemotaxis is the directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding. |
| methionine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. |
| transcriptional start site selection at RNA polymerase II promoter | |
| RNA polymerase II core complex assembly | |
| vacuole organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole. |
| cellular response to diamide | |
| regulation of intracellular transport | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. |
| endoplasmic reticulum membrane organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane. |
| sorbitol catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group. |
| xylitol catabolic process | |
| xylitol metabolic process | |
| protein localization to spindle microtubule | |
| RNA localization to chromatin | |
| cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor | |
| regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells. |
| glycosphingolipid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosphingolipids, any compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide. |
| positive regulation of triglyceride storage | |
| negative regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway. |
| pancreatic A cell differentiation | The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic A cell. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon. |
| adrenal chromaffin cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an adrenal chromaffin cell. An adrenal chromaffin cell is a neuroendocrine cell that stores epinephrine secretory vesicles. |
| regulation of connective tissue replacement | |
| lymphocyte differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires specialized features of a lymphocyte. A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin. |
| IMP biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate. |
| cyclic purine nucleotide metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue and the base is a purine. |
| regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by endocanabinoid | |
| protein localization to M-band | Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, the M band. The M band is the midline of aligned thick filaments in a sarcomere. |
| protein localization to T-tubule | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the T-tubule. The T-tubule is an invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril. |
| atrial cardiac muscle cell to AV node cell communication | The process that mediates interactions between an atrial cardiomyocyte and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the atrial cardiomyocyte communicating with an AV node cell in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. |
| SA node cell to atrial cardiac muscle cell communication | The process that mediates interactions between an SA node cardiomyocyte and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the SA node cardiomyocyte communicating with an atrial cardiomyocyte in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. |
| regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity. |
| positive regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity. |
| positive regulation of membrane permeability | |
| L-tryptophan transmembrane transport | |
| UV-damage excision repair | A DNA repair process that is initiated by an endonuclease that introduces a single-strand incision immediately 5' of a UV-induced damage site. UV-damage excision repair acts on both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs). |
| CUT catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs). |
| nuclear polyadenylation-dependent rRNA catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule, including RNA fragments released as part of processing the primary transcript into multiple mature rRNA species, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target rRNA. |
| regulation of protein K48-linked deubiquitination | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein K48-linked deubiquitination. |
| regulation of asymmetric cell division | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division. |
| cell fate commitment involved in formation of primary germ layer | The commitment of cells to specific cell fates of the endoderm, ectoderm, or mesoderm as a part of gastrulation. |
| positive regulation of oocyte maturation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation. |
| mitochondrion distribution | Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of mitochondria between and within cells. |
| ventricular cardiac myofibril assembly | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventricular cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells. |
| ERK5 cascade | An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK5 (also called BMK1; a MAPK), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. |
| N-acylethanolamine metabolic process | |
| TRAM-dependent toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor 4 where the TRAM adaptor mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like 4 receptors are pattern recognition receptors that bind bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate an innate immune response. |
| mitotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole | The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles occurs. This mediates by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during mitosis. |
| microtubule plus-end directed mitotic chromosome migration | |
| lateral attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore | |
| clustering of voltage-gated potassium channels | The process in which voltage-gated potassium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are clustered beneath the myelin sheath in regions immediately adjacent to paranodes, called juxtaparanodes, and along the inner mesaxon within the internode. |
| presynaptic membrane organization | The maintenance of membrane composition in a presynaptic membrane, a specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction. |
| thymine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thymine, 5-methyluracil, one of the two major pyrimidine bases present (as thymidine) in DNA but not found in RNA other than (as ribothymidine) in transfer RNA, where it is a minor base. |
| valine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid. |
| thymine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving thymine, 5-methyluracil, one of the two major pyrimidine bases present (as thymidine) in DNA but not found in RNA other than (as ribothymidine) in transfer RNA, where it is a minor base. |
| ERBB3 signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB3 on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. ERBB3 receptors have impaired kinase activity and rely on the kinase activity of the heterodimer partner for activation and signal transmission. |
| ERBB2-ERBB3 signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a ERBB3 receptor on the surface of a cell, followed by transmission of the signal by a heterodimeric complex of ERBB2 and ERBB3. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB3. ERBB3 also has impaired kinase activity and relies on ERBB2 for activation and signal transmission. |
| positive regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation. |
| ventricular cardiac muscle cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ. |
| epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland alveolus development | The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland alveolus. |
| endodermal digestive tract morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the endodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. The endodermal digestive tract includes those portions of the digestive tract that are derived from endoderm. |
| cardiac muscle cell-cardiac muscle cell adhesion | The attachment of one cardiomyocyte to another cardiomyocyte via adhesion molecules. |
| plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation | |
| core 2 O-glycan biosynthetic process | |
| regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. |
| negative regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization. |
| optic cup morphogenesis involved in camera-type eye development | The invagination of the optic vesicle to form two-walled indentations, the optic cups, that will go on to form the retina. This process begins with the optic vesicle becoming a two-walled structure and its subsequent shape changes. It does not include the fate commitment of cells to become the pigmented retina and the neural retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. |
| mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis | A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros. |
| optic nerve development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the optic nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain. |
| optic nerve structural organization | The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the optic nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain. |
| vestibulocochlear nerve formation | The process that gives rise to the vestibulocochlear nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea. |
| regulation of metanephros size | Any process that modulates the size of a metanephric kidney. |
| ureter maturation | A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the ureter to attain its fully functional state. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder or from the Malpighian tubule to the hindgut. |
| pronephric field specification | The process in which regions of the embryo are delineated into the area in which the pronephric kidney will develop. |
| metanephric distal convoluted tubule development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric distal convoluted tubule is the first segment of the metanephric nephron lying just downstream from the loop of Henle, immediately after the macula densa. Among other functions, in humans it is responsible for the reabsorption of about 5% of filtered sodium via the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl symporter. |
| negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis | Any process that reduces the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the metanephros. |
| negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development. |
| negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development. |
| negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development. |
| positive regulation of metanephric DCT cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric DCT cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of optic nerve formation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of optic nerve formation. |
| regulation of leukocyte proliferation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation. |
| regulation of fibroblast migration | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. |
| Rho-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | |
| regulation of fatty acid metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids. |
| intracellular nitric oxide homeostasis | |
| protein localization to plasma membrane raft | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a plasma membrane raft. |
| negative regulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity | |
| negative regulation of DNA methylation-dependent heterochromatin formation | |
| response to follicle-stimulating hormone | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus. |
| response to luteinizing hormone | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a luteinizing hormone stimulus. |
| definitive erythrocyte differentiation | Erythrocyte differentiation which occurs as part of the process of definitive hemopoiesis. |
| epicardium-derived cardiac fibroblast cell development | |
| peptide transport | The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-dependent | The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class Ib molecule. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family. |
| peptide antigen transport | The directed movement of a peptide antigen into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from an endogenous or exogenous protein. |
| cellular response to peptidoglycan | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptidoglycan stimulus. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule. |
| postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway | |
| negative regulation of protein K48-linked deubiquitination | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein K48-linked deubiquitination. |
| negative regulation of ubiquitin-specific protease activity | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-specific protease (deubiquitinase) activity. |
| C-terminal protein deglutamylation | The removal of a C-terminal, gene-encoded glutamate residue from a protein. |
| positive regulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly | |
| positive regulation of mRNA cap binding | |
| L-tryptophan metabolic process | |
| catecholamine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. |
| peptidyl-lysine modification | The modification of peptidyl-lysine. |
| epinephrine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine. |
| norepinephrine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine. |
| elastin biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of elastin, a fibrous glycoprotein found in elastic tissues such as the walls of arteries. |
| copper ion export | The directed movement of copper ions out of a cell or organelle. |
| lysosomal lumen pH elevation | Any process that increases the pH of the lysosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. |
| regulation of osteoclast development | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast development. |
| stereocilium bundle organization | |
| positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell activation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell activation. |
| embryonic heart tube morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic heart tube are generated and organized. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart. |
| regulation of ossification | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation. |
| endocardial cushion cell fate commitment | The commitment of a cell to an endocardial cushion cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an endocardial cushion cell. |
| positive regulation of determination of dorsal identity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of determination of dorsal identity. |
| positive regulation of mitochondrial DNA replication | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion. |
| glucocorticoid catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. |
| negative regulation of dendrite morphogenesis | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis. |
| clathrin coat assembly involved in endocytosis | |
| negative regulation of ERBB signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB signaling pathway. |
| regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading. |
| propylene metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving propylene, an alkene produced by catalytic or thermal cracking of hydrocarbons or as a by-product of petroleum refining. It is used mainly in the preparation of alkylates for gasoline and in the production of polypropylene, acrylonitrile, propylene oxide and a number of other industrial chemicals. |
| response to glycine | |
| positive regulation of lipid kinase activity | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a simple or complex lipid. |
| positive regulation of phospholipid scramblase activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid scramblase activity. |
| regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a ceramide biosynthetic process. |
| positive regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ceramide biosynthetic process. |
| positive regulation of glucosylceramide catabolic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucosylceramide catabolic process. |
| positive regulation of sphingomyelin catabolic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sphingomyelin catabolic process. |
| tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate, a folate derivative comprising tetrahydrofolate attached to a chain of glutamate residues. |
| neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle | The active transport of neurotransmitters into a synaptic vesicle. Typically this import is fuelled by an electrochemical gradient across the vacuolar membrane, established by the action vacuolar proton pumps (see 'synaptic vesicle lumen acidification' GO:0097401). |
| somato-dendritic dopamine secretion | |
| regulation of acrosome reaction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the acrosome reaction. |
| protein localization to perinuclear region of cytoplasm | |
| 3-keto-sphinganine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-keto-sphinganine, a derivative of sphinganine with a ketone group at C3. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of sphingosine. |
| regulation of B cell cytokine production | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell cytokine production. |
| regulation of B cell apoptotic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process. |
| regulation of cell migration involved in somitogenic axis elongation | |
| regulation of generation of precursor metabolites and energy | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and the processes involved in the liberation of energy from these substances. |
| labyrinthine layer blood vessel development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel of the labyrinthine layer of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The embryonic vessels grow through the layer to come in close contact with the maternal blood supply. |
| blood vessel lumenization | The process in which a developing blood vessel forms an endothelial lumen through which blood will flow. |
| blood vessel endothelial cell fate specification | The process involved in the specification of identity of a blood vessel endothelial cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. A blood vessel endothelial cell is an endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. |
| positive regulation of ERBB signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of ephrin receptor signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ephrin receptor signaling pathway. |
| primary heart field specification | The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle. |
| sinoatrial valve morphogenesis | The process in which the structure of the sinoatrial valve is generated and organized. |
| cardiac ventricle formation | The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart. |
| muscle cell fate determination | The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a muscle cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. |
| cellular response to trichostatin A | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichostatin A stimulus. |
| cellular response to parathyroid hormone stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a parathyroid hormone stimulus. |
| forebrain cell migration | The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another at least one of which is located in the forebrain. |
| response to mercury ion | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercury ion stimulus. |
| DNA recombinase assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) into higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA. |
| otic vesicle development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the otic vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The otic vesicle is a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear. |
| metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis | The process in which the metanephric comma-shaped body is generated and organized. The metanephric comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the metanephric S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros. |
| regulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion. |
| negative regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing | |
| negative regulation of long-term synaptic depression | |
| positive regulation of intracellular transport of viral material | |
| negative regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. |
| negative regulation of cytoplasmic translation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translation. |
| transforming growth factor beta receptor complex assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a ligand-bound type II transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) receptor dimer with a type I TGF-beta receptor dimer, following ligand binding, to form a heterotetrameric TGF-beta receptor complex. |
| regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage. |
| mitochondrial RNA catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion. |
| negative regulation of RIG-I signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) RIG-1 (also known as DDX58) binding to viral RNA. |
| adherens junction maintenance | The maintenance of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments. |
| positive regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability | |
| negative regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of cardiac muscle. |
| cellular response to raffinose | |
| axonemal dynein complex assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal dynein complex, a dynein complex found in eukaryotic cilia and flagella, in which the motor domain heads interact with adjacent microtubules to generate a sliding force which is converted to a bending motion. |
| regulation of RNA export from nucleus | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. |
| corticospinal neuron axon guidance | The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a neuron that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed from the cerebral cortex layer V to the spinal cord dorsal funiculus in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. |
| membrane depolarization during Purkinje myocyte cell action potential | The process in which Purkinje myocyte membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential. |
| positive regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity | |
| release of matrix enzymes from mitochondria | The process in which enzymes, such as aspartate aminotransferase, are enabled to move from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol, as part of the apoptotic process. |
| B cell receptor apoptotic signaling pathway | An extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell. |
| positive regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| basic amino acid transport | The directed movement of basic amino acids, amino acids with a pH above 7, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| positive regulation of transformation of host cell by virus | |
| regulation of ketone metabolic process | |
| regulation of fatty acid transport | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid transport. |
| positive regulation of lipid transport | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| regulation of phospholipase A2 activity | Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2. |
| positive regulation of transcytosis | |
| negative regulation of endocytic recycling | |
| transition between fast and slow fiber | The process of conversion of fast-contracting muscle fibers to a slower character. This may involve slowing of contractile rate, slow myosin gene induction, increase in oxidative metabolic properties, altered electrophysiology and altered innervation. This process also regulates skeletal muscle adapatation. |
| positive regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate | |
| leukotriene signaling pathway | |
| regulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney morphogenesis | |
| positive regulation of glomerulus development | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of glomerulus development, the progression of the glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney. |
| negative regulation of angiotensin-activated signaling pathway | |
| positive regulation of viral transcription | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription. |
| regulation of cytoplasmic translation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translation. |
| membrane depolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential | |
| positive regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel | |
| collagen-activated tyrosine kinase receptor signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of collagen to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| meiotic spindle assembly | |
| lipoxin A4 metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoxin A4. Lipoxin A4 is a C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (6R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (7E)- (9E)-, (11Z)- and (13E)-double bonds. |
| lipoxin B4 metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoxin B4. Lipoxin B4 is a C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (14R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (6E)- (8Z)-, (10E)- and (12E)-double bonds. |
| negative regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine. |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings. |
| desmosome maintenance | |
| central nervous system neuron differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system. |
| regulation of organelle organization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. |
| regulation of Golgi organization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi organization. |
| polar body extrusion after meiotic divisions | The cell cycle process in which two small cells are generated, as byproducts destined to degenerate, as a result of the first and second meiotic divisions of a primary oocyte during its development to a mature ovum. One polar body is formed in the first division of meiosis and the other in the second division; at each division, the cytoplasm divides unequally, so that the polar body is of much smaller size than the developing oocyte. At the second division in which a polar body is formed, the polar body and the developing oocyte each contain a haploid set of chromosomes. |
| formin-nucleated actin cable assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a formin-nucleated actin cable. A formin-nucleated actin cable is an actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins. |
| benzoate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid), a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative; it is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid. |
| butyrate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving any butyrate, the anions of butyric acid (butanoic acid), a saturated, unbranched aliphatic acid. |
| hair follicle maturation | A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a hair follicle to attain its fully functional state. |
| muscle cell apoptotic process | A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death. A muscle cell is a mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte, that forms one of three kinds of muscle. |
| positive regulation of RNA binding | |
| magnesium ion homeostasis | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of magnesium ions within an organism or cell. |
| N-terminal peptidyl-lysine acetylation | The acetylation of the N-terminal lysine of proteins. |
| negative regulation of protein oligomerization | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization. |
| peptidyl-lysine propionylation | |
| regulation of tubulin deacetylation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tubulin deacetylation. Tubulin deacetylation is the removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. |
| peptidyl-lysine crotonylation | |
| peptidyl-lysine butyrylation | |
| somite rostral/caudal axis specification | The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the rostro-caudal axis of a somite, prior to the morphological formation of a somite boundary. |
| 'de novo' cotranslational protein folding | The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent assembly of the ribosome-bound nascent chains of a multidomain protein whilst other parts of the protein are still being translated. |
| protein deubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process | The removal of one or more ubiquitin groups from a protein as part of a process of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism. |
| positive regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process | |
| programmed cell death in response to reactive oxygen species | |
| regulation of peroxisome organization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peroxisome organization. |
| protein O-linked glycosylation via serine | The glycosylation of protein via the O3 atom of peptidyl-serine, forming O3-glycosyl-L-serine; the most common forms are N-acetylgalactosaminyl, mannosyl, galactosyl, and xylosyl serine. |
| protein O-linked glycosylation via threonine | The glycosylation of protein via the O3 atom of peptidyl-threonine, forming O3-glycosyl-L-threonine; the most common forms are N-acetylgalactosaminyl, mannosyl, and galactosyl threonine. |
| co-transcriptional RNA 3'-end processing, cleavage and polyadenylation pathway | |
| regulation of cellular extravasation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cellular extravasation. |
| negative regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production. |
| negative regulation of intracellular transport of viral material | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular transport of viral material. |
| glycolipid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycolipids, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide). Some substances classified as bacterial glycolipids have the sugar group acylated by one or more fatty acids and the glycerol group may be absent. |
| regulation of type IV hypersensitivity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response. |
| regulation of cell adhesion molecule production | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism. |
| regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte tethering or rolling. |
| protein sialylation | |
| intracellular magnesium ion homeostasis | |
| magnesium ion transport from cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum | |
| tRNA transcription | The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) from a DNA template. |
| 5S class rRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III | |
| response to carbon monoxide | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon monoxide (CO) stimulus. |
| micturition | The regulation of body fluids process in which parasympathetic nerves stimulate the bladder wall muscle to contract and expel urine from the body. |
| smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition | The process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in the urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue involved in the expulsion urine from the body. |
| regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel. |
| activation of store-operated calcium channel activity | A process that initiates the activity of an inactive store-operated calcium channel. |
| regulation of sarcomere organization | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. |
| negative regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane | |
| single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate | A viral genome replication where the template is single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), and which proceeds via a double stranded DNA (dsDNA) intermediate molecule. Viral genomic RNA is first reverse transcribed into dsDNA, which integrates into the host chromosomal DNA, where it is transcribed by host RNA polymerase II. |
| DNA integration | The process in which a segment of DNA is incorporated into another, usually larger, DNA molecule such as a chromosome. |
| metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle | The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase as part of the cell cycle. |
| metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis I | |
| regulation of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance, the process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. |
| negative regulation of amacrine cell differentiation | |
| organelle fusion | The creation of a single organelle from two or more organelles. |
| positive regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome. |
| oligopeptide transport | The directed movement of oligopeptides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages. |
| positive regulation of integrin activation by cell surface receptor linked signal transduction | |
| purine nucleobase catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine. |
| pyrimidine nucleobase catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases. |
| uracil catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA. |
| thymidine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thymidine, deoxyribosylthymine thymine 2-deoxyriboside, a deoxynucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in deoxynucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA. |
| negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in contact inhibition | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation in response to cell density. |
| melanocyte proliferation | The multiplication or reproduction of melanocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A melanocyte is a pigment cell derived from the neural crest. It contains melanin-filled pigment granules, which give a brown to black appearance. |
| melanocyte apoptotic process | Any apoptotic process in a melanocyte, the main structural component of the epidermis. |
| negative regulation of extracellular matrix organization | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization. |
| heme A biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme a, a derivative of heme found in cytochrome aa3. |
| respiratory chain complex IV assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase), the terminal member of the respiratory chain of the mitochondrion and some aerobic bacteria. Cytochrome c oxidases are multi-subunit enzymes containing from 13 subunits in the mammalian mitochondrial form to 3-4 subunits in the bacterial forms. |
| negative regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein tyrosine kinase activity. |
| renal water absorption | A renal system process in which water is taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures. |
| positive regulation of glucagon secretion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon. |
| spliceosome-depend formation of circular RNA | |
| contact inhibition | The cellular process in which cells stop growing or dividing in response to increased cell density. |
| translational attenuation | Translational attenuation is a regulatory mechanism analogous to ribosome-mediated transcriptional attenuation. The system requires the presence of a short ORF, called a leader peptide, encoded in the mRNA upstream of the ribosome-binding site and start codon of the gene whose translation is to be regulated. Certain conditions, such as presence of the antibiotic tetracycline in bacteria or amino acid starvation, may cause slowing or stalling of the ribosome translating the leader peptide. The stalled ribosome masks a region of the mRNA and affects which of two alternative mRNA folded structures will form, therefore controlling whether or not a ribosome will bind and initiate translation of the downstream gene. Translational attenuation is analogous to ribosome-mediated transcriptional attenuation, in which mRNA remodeling caused by ribosome stalling regulates transcriptional termination rather than translational initiation. |
| negative regulation of cellular respiration | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration. |
| TORC1 complex assembly | |
| TORC2 complex disassembly | |
| midgut development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midgut is the middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine. |
| respiratory tube development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the respiratory tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The respiratory tube is assumed to mean any tube in the respiratory tract. |
| embryonic ectodermal digestive tract morphogenesis | The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, by which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. |
| regulation of protein polyubiquitination | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein polyubiquitination. |
| glomerular epithelium development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus. The glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains feet that interdigitate with the feet of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros. |
| negative regulation of lymphangiogenesis | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphangiogenesis. |
| positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation. |
| visceral mesoderm-endoderm interaction involved in midgut development | The process of cell-cell signaling between visceral mesoderm cells and endoderm cells that is involved in the differentiation of cells in the midgut. |
| positive regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels. |
| maintenance of protein location in plasma membrane | Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in the plasma membrane, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. |
| protein localization to axon | |
| positive regulation of membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during a cardiac muscle cell action potential. |
| regulation of protein localization to synapse | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to synapse. |
| regulation of potassium ion import | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion import. |
| regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane | |
| DN4 thymocyte differentiation | |
| endoplasmic reticulum membrane fusion | The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| apoptotic process in response to mitochondrial fragmentation | |
| cellular response to cobalt ion | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalt ion stimulus. |
| intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia | A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to hypoxia (lowered oxygen tension). Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. The pathway ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| detection of cold stimulus involved in thermoception | |
| negative regulation of arachidonate secretion | |
| positive regulation of protein kinase A signaling | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein kinase A signaling. PKA signaling is the series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound. |
| regulation of cAMP/PKA signal transduction | |
| positive regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction. |
| regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| lipid oxidation | The removal of one or more electrons from a lipid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen. |
| plasma lipoprotein particle oxidation | The modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of one or more amino acids or the lipid group, occurring in the blood plasma. |
| modification of synaptic structure | |
| negative regulation of dense core granule biogenesis | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule biogenesis. |
| negative regulation of amniotic stem cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amniotic stem cell differentiation. |
| negative regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylceramide. |
| negative regulation of pancreatic juice secretion | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of pancreatic juice secretion, the regulated release of pancreatic juice by the exocrine pancreas into the upper part of the intestine. |
| negative regulation of secretion of lysosomal enzymes | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of secretion of lysosomal enzymes, the controlled release of lysosomal enzymes by a cell. |
| nuclear inner membrane organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear inner membrane. |
| nuclear DNA replication | The DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle. |
| negative regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells. |
| death-inducing signaling complex assembly | A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a death domain (DD) interaction, as part of the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation. |
| fumarate transport | |
| alpha-ketoglutarate transport | The directed movement of alpha-ketoglutarate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| negative regulation of heart looping | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart looping. |
| negative regulation of cardiac chamber formation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber formation. |
| regulation of transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair | |
| positive regulation of translation initiation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress | |
| negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced eIF2 alpha phosphorylation | |
| response to mitochondrial depolarisation | |
| negative regulation of protein K63-linked ubiquitination | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein K63-linked ubiquitination. |
| chitin catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues. |
| cell differentiation in hindbrain | The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cells of the hindbrain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. |
| negative regulation of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition | |
| organelle membrane fusion | The joining of two lipid bilayers to form a single organelle membrane. |
| positive regulation of stress granule assembly | |
| regulation of steroid biosynthetic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. |
| renal potassium excretion | |
| glycerophospholipid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue. |
| phagosome-lysosome docking | |
| regulation of cellular response to osmotic stress | |
| regulation of arginine biosynthetic process | |
| regulation of phagosome maturation | |
| positive regulation of caveolin-mediated endocytosis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of caveolin-mediated endocytosis. |
| myeloid dendritic cell activation involved in immune response | The change in morphology and behavior of a myeloid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. |
| cellular response to X-ray | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz). |
| cellular response to nitrosative stress | |
| establishment of RNA localization to telomere | |
| positive regulation of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly | |
| nonassociative learning | A simple form of learning whereby the repeated presence of a stimulus leads to a change in the probability or strength of the response to that stimulus. There is no association of one type of stimulus with another, rather it is a generalized response to the environment. |
| mechanoreceptor differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mechanoreceptor, a cell specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. |
| positive regulation of ligase activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate. |
| negative regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis | |
| negative regulation of caveolin-mediated endocytosis | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of caveolin-mediated endocytosis. |
| zinc ion import across plasma membrane | |
| response to manganese ion | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a manganese ion stimulus. |
| cellular response to phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate | |
| magnesium ion transport | The directed movement of magnesium (Mg) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| ARF protein signal transduction | A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the ARF family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state. |
| trabecular meshwork development | The progression of the trabecular meshwork over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trabecular meshwork is a fenestrated endothelial-like tissue situated at the intersection of the cornea and the iris. The trabecular meshwork provides drainage for the aqueous humor. |
| podocyte cell migration | |
| regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle endocytosis. |
| left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of left cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized. |
| positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve. |
| epithelial cell migration | The orderly movement of an epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. |
| negative regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly | |
| regulation of RIG-I signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) RIG-1 (also known as DDX58) binding to viral RNA. |
| membrane bending | |
| regulation of vacuole organization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole. |
| aggrephagy | Selective degradation of protein aggregates by macroautophagy. |
| ceramide catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ceramides, any N-acetylated sphingoid. |
| regulation of programmed necrotic cell death | |
| nitrate transmembrane transport | |
| positive regulation of miRNA processing | |
| positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell death | |
| positive regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interleukin-6 binding to a cell surface receptor. |
| regulation of ATP:ADP antiporter activity | Any process that modulates the activity of an ATP:ADP antiporter. |
| programmed necrotic cell death | A necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors. |
| ripoptosome assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ripoptosome, a protein complex whose formation can induce an extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway or a necroptotic signaling pathway. The composition of this protein complex may depend on several factors including nature of the signal, cell type and more. |
| regulation of skeletal muscle adaptation | Any process in which skeletal muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities. |
| regulation of cellular localization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell. |
| amacrine cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an amacrine cell, an interneuron generated in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the vertebrate retina. Amacrine cells integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the retinal ganglion cells, with which they synapse in the inner plexiform layer. Amacrine cells lack large axons. |
| regulation of intestinal epithelial structure maintenance | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of intestinal epithelial structure maintenance, a tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of the structure of the intestinal epithelium. |
| detection of nodal flow | The series of events by which an endogenous stimulus is received by a cilium on a cell and converted to a molecular signal contributing to left/right asymmetry. |
| metanephric part of ureteric bud development | The development of the portion of the ureteric bud tube that contributes to the morphogenesis of the metanephros. |
| renal artery morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structure of a renal artery is generated and organized. Renal arteries supply the kidneys with blood. |
| metanephric smooth muscle tissue development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| metanephric cortex development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric cortex is the outer region of the metanephros. |
| metanephric cortical collecting duct development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric cortical collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric cortical collecting duct is the portion of the metanephric collecting duct that resides in the renal cortex. |
| metanephric distal tubule development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric distal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that begins at the metanephric macula densa and extends to the metanephric connecting tubule. |
| mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling | |
| chromosomal 5-methylcytosine DNA demethylation, oxidation pathway | |
| induction of programmed cell death | A process which directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death. |
| positive regulation of lysosomal membrane permeability | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the lysosomal membrane. |
| negative regulation of autophagic cell death | |
| regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity. |
| negative regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance. |
| signal clustering | Grouping of multiple copies of a signal at a cellular location. May promote receptor clustering and alter the signal transduction response. |
| regulation of phosphatidylinositol dephosphorylation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reaction involving the removal of one or more phosphate groups from a phosphatidylinositol. |
| negative regulation of receptor catabolic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor catabolic process. |
| phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate metabolic process | |
| negative regulation of heterochromatin formation | |
| neural tube patterning | The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth that establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the neural tube. |
| neural plate axis specification | The pattern specification process in which the axes of the nervous system are established. |
| large intestinal transit | |
| tRNA wobble cytosine modification | |
| oxidative RNA demethylation | The removal of the methyl group from one or more nucleotides within an RNA molecule involving oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms. |
| regulation of translational initiation by tRNA modification | |
| cardiac ventricle development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart. |
| regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast. |
| primitive hemopoiesis | A first transient wave of blood cell production that, in vertebrates, gives rise to erythrocytes (red blood cells) and myeloid cells. |
| response to dsRNA | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus. |
| eye pigment granule organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of intracellular pigment storage granules in the eye. |
| establishment of melanosome localization | The directed movement of a melanosome to a specific location. |
| regulation of lung blood pressure | The process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the lungs. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure. |
| semi-lunar valve development | |
| cellular response to cortisol stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisol stimulus. Cortisol is the major natural glucocorticoid synthesized in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex; it affects the metabolism of glucose, protein, and fats and has appreciable mineralocorticoid activity. It also regulates the immune system and affects many other functions. |
| positive regulation of neutrophil activation | |
| positive regulation of synapse structural plasticity | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic structural plasticity. |
| olfactory nerve maturation | |
| detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell | The series of events involved in the perception of smell in which an olfactory chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. |
| ion channel modulating, G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | |
| bile acid conjugation | The process in which bile acids are covalently linked to taurine or glycine. |
| positive regulation of cytochrome-c oxidase activity | |
| aminophospholipid transport | The directed movement of aminophospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Aminophospholipids contain phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester and an amino (NH2) group. |
| regulation of carbohydrate catabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates. |
| regulation of glucosylceramide catabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucosylceramide catabolic process. |
| response to iron ion starvation | |
| negative regulation of microtubule nucleation | |
| regulation of establishment of protein localization to chromosome | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location on a chromosome. |
| establishment of apical/basal cell polarity | The specification and formation of the polarity of a cell along its apical/basal axis. |
| regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis. |
| positive regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis. |
| positive regulation of strand invasion | |
| microtubule anchoring at centrosome | Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a centrosome. |
| positive regulation of neuromuscular junction development | |
| positive regulation of intracellular transport | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. |
| regulation of metaphase plate congression | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of metaphase plate congression, the alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the spindle. |
| negative regulation of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity | |
| lamellipodium organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lamellipodium. A lamellipodium is a thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of a crawling fibroblast; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments. |
| mitochondrial DNA catabolic process | |
| regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion. |
| regulation of viral entry into host cell | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the viral entry into the host cell. |
| regulation of macrophage chemotaxis | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage chemotaxis. Macrophage chemotaxis is the movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus. |
| cortical cytoskeleton organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane. |
| galactose catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose. |
| establishment of protein localization to extracellular region | |
| cellular response to vitamin K | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin K stimulus. |
| negative regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process. |
| negative regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process. |
| negative regulation of renal albumin absorption | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renal albumin absorption. |
| sperm mitochondrial sheath assembly | |
| regulation of deadenylation-dependent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA | |
| forebrain radial glial cell differentiation | The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to radial glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the forebrain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. |
| positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the embryonic mitotic cell cycle. |
| sperm displacement | The physical displacement of sperm stored from previous mating encounters. |
| positive regulation of lymphocyte chemotaxis | |
| bundle of His cell action potential | An action potential that occurs in a bundle of His cell. |
| sterol biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule. |
| nucleobase transport | The directed movement of a nucleobase, any nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleoside, nucleotide, or nucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| adenine transport | The directed movement of adenine, 6-aminopurine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| nucleoside transport | The directed movement of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| hypoxanthine transport | |
| thymine transport | |
| guanine transmembrane transport | |
| uracil transmembrane transport | |
| regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance. |
| positive regulation of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation | |
| negative regulation of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | |
| vestibular receptor cell stereocilium organization | |
| MDA-5 signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) MDA-5 (also known as IFIH1) binding to viral RNA. MDA-5 detects RNA synthesized during active viral replication and triggers a signaling pathway to protect the host against viral infection, for example by inducing the expression of antiviral cytokines. |
| cGAS/STING signaling pathway | |
| regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing | |
| establishment of mitotic spindle localization | The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of the mitotic spindle to a specific location in the cell occurs. |
| negative regulation of sister chromatid cohesion | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion. |
| mitotic sister chromatid separation | The process in which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during mitosis. |
| negative regulation of lamellipodium morphogenesis | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lamellipodium morphogenesis. |
| peptidyl-glutamic acid modification | The modification of peptidyl-glutamic acid. |
| mitotic sister chromatid cohesion | The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome, from their formation in S phase through metaphase during a mitotic cell cycle. This cohesion cycle is critical for high fidelity chromosome transmission. |
| response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling | A process that acts directly to delay or stop progression through the cell cycle in response to signals generated as a result of DNA damage checkpoint signaling; contributes to a DNA damage checkpoint. |
| triglyceride mobilization | The release of triglycerides, any triester of glycerol, from storage within cells or tissues, making them available for metabolism. |
| negative regulation of stress granule assembly | |
| positive regulation of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering | |
| protein transport into membrane raft | The directed movement of a protein into a membrane raft. Membrane rafts are small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. |
| positive regulation of growth rate | |
| protein localization to membrane raft | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a membrane raft. |
| positive regulation of norepinephrine secretion | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine. |
| regulation of motor neuron apoptotic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron apoptotic process. |
| neutrophil differentiation | The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a neutrophil. |
| S-adenosylmethionine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism. |
| negative regulation of protein autophosphorylation | Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues. |
| protein localization to pericentriolar material | |
| syncytiotrophoblast cell differentiation involved in labyrinthine layer development | The process in which a chorionic trophoblast cell acquires specialized features of a syncytiotrophoblast of the labyrinthine layer of the placenta. |
| negative regulation of glutamate secretion | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of glutamate. |
| regulation of muscle filament sliding | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle filament sliding. |
| leukotriene B4 metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene B4, a leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. |
| sodium-dependent phosphate transport | The directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore, by a mechanism dependent upon sodium ions. |
| anastral spindle assembly | |
| positive regulation of protein localization to spindle pole body | |
| positive regulation of mitotic spindle elongation | |
| positive regulation of mitotic centrosome separation | |
| negative regulation of protein localization to centrosome | |
| regulation of mitochondrial mRNA stability | |
| deactivation of mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint | |
| positive regulation of protein deubiquitination | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein deubiquitination. |
| leucyl-tRNA aminoacylation | The process of coupling leucine to leucyl-tRNA, catalyzed by leucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. |
| positive regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane | |
| endoplasmic reticulum tubular network membrane organization | |
| regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter. |
| positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization. |
| manganese ion homeostasis | |
| manganese ion transmembrane transport | A process in which a manganese ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation | The process of coupling lysine to lysyl-tRNA, catalyzed by lysyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. |
| transposable element silencing by heterochromatin formation | |
| regulation of response to osmotic stress | Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the response to osmotic stress. |
| cytosolic ciliogenesis | |
| very long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation | |
| protein insertion into mitochondrial inner membrane from matrix | |
| mitochondrial protein quality control | |
| synaptic vesicle to endosome fusion | Fusion of a synaptic vesicle with the membrane of an endosome. |
| cellular response to pyrimidine ribonucleotide | |
| regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity. |
| positive regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication | |
| regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation. |
| hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1) in response to lowered oxygen levels (hypoxia). Under hypoxic conditions, the oxygen-sensitive alpha-subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 dimerizes with a HIF1-beta subunit (also called ARNT or aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor nuclear translocator), translocates to the nucleus and activates transcription of genes whose products participate in responding to hypoxia. |
| regulation of acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate. |
| traversing start control point of mitotic cell cycle | A cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering S phase via a positive feedback mechanism between the regulation of transcription and G1 CDK activity. |
| phospholipase C-activating endothelin receptor signaling pathway | |
| interkinetic nuclear migration | The movement of the nucleus of the ventricular zone cell between the apical and the basal zone surfaces. Mitosis occurs when the nucleus is near the apical surface, that is, the lumen of the ventricle. |
| intraciliary transport involved in cilium assembly | |
| regulation of cellular response to drug | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to drug. |
| quinolinate catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of quinolinate, the anion of quinolinic acid, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid. |
| olfactory bulb interneuron differentiation | The process in which a neuroblast acquires specialized features of an interneuron residing in the olfactory bulb. |
| doxorubicin transport | |
| termination of RNA polymerase I transcription | The process in which the synthesis of an RNA molecule by RNA polymerase I using a DNA template is completed. RNAP I termination requires binding of a terminator protein so specific sequences downstream of the transcription unit. |
| regulation of protein autophosphorylation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues. |
| regulation of protein ADP-ribosylation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein ADP-ribosylation. Protein ADP-ribosylation is the transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids. |
| positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell activation. |
| epithelial-mesenchymal cell signaling | Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell where it is interpreted. |
| polarity specification of anterior/posterior axis | Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the anterior/posterior axis. |
| positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus. |
| CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment | The process in which an immature T cell commits to CD4-positive T cell lineage or the CD8-positive lineage of alpha-beta T cells. |
| positive regulation of sclerotome development | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the sclerotome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The sclerotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to a vertebra. |
| regulation of nodal signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nodal signaling pathway. |
| negative regulation of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation. |
| negative regulation of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation. |
| positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development. |
| regulation of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching, the growth of a branch of the ureteric bud along its axis. |
| mesonephric tubule formation | The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric tubule from unspecified parts. A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros. |
| nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, 3'-5' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay | |
| corneocyte desquamation | |
| negative regulation of cornification | |
| spermine transport | The directed movement of spermine, N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, a polyamine formed by the transfer of a propylamine group from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine to spermidine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| negative regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process | |
| telomeric loop formation | The process in which linear telomeric DNA is remodeled into duplex loops, by the invasion of a 3' single-stranded overhang into the duplex region. |
| negative regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination | |
| negative regulation of beta-galactosidase activity | |
| negative regulation of telomere single strand break repair | |
| DNA-templated transcription elongation | |
| regulation of viral transcription | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transcription of the viral genome. |
| global gene silencing by mRNA cleavage | |
| vesicle tethering to Golgi | |
| thyroid hormone receptor signaling pathway | |
| negative regulation of double-strand break repair | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair. |
| protein localization to mitotic spindle | |
| protein localization to astral microtubule | |
| negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation | |
| tonic smooth muscle contraction | A process in which force is generated within tonic smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the tonic smooth muscle, the muscle contraction occurs without an ordered sarcomeric structure. Tonic smooth muscle contraction occurs as a sustained continuous contraction. |
| positive regulation of mast cell activation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation. |
| positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose | Any process involving galactose that activates or increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| paraxial mesoderm morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the paraxial mesoderm are generated and organized. |
| positive regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule | |
| negative regulation of secretion by cell | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. |
| positive regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptotic process. |
| positive regulation of fatty acid metabolic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids. |
| detection of oxidative stress | The series of events in which a stimulus indicating oxidative stress is received and converted into a molecular signal. |
| negative regulation of intracellular protein transport | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. |
| positive regulation of metanephric podocyte development | |
| positive regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity. |
| positive regulation of renal albumin absorption | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal albumin absorption. |
| negative regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration. |
| action potential propagation | |
| negative adaptation of signaling pathway | The negative regulation of a signal transduction pathway in response to a stimulus upon prolonged exposure to that stimulus. |
| peptidoglycan transport | |
| dipeptide transport | The directed movement of a dipeptide, a combination of two amino acids by means of a peptide (-CO-NH-) link, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| zeaxanthin biosynthetic process | |
| blue light signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of blue light by photoreceptor molecule, at a wavelength between 400nm and 470nm. |
| positive regulation of interleukin-16 production | |
| positive regulation of epinephrine secretion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine. |
| positive regulation of transmission of nerve impulse | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation. |
| positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine. |
| acetylcholine uptake | |
| box C/D snoRNP assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and a box C/D snoRNA to form a box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex. |
| [4Fe-4S] cluster assembly | |
| regulation of ferrochelatase activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ferrochelatase activity; catalysis of the reaction: protoporphyrin + Fe2+ = protoheme + 2 H+. |
| iron incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster | The incorporation of iron into a metallo-sulfur cluster. |
| positive regulation of lyase activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. |
| positive regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity | |
| positive regulation of aconitate hydratase activity | |
| cellular response to sucrose stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sucrose stimulus. |
| natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target | |
| CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation | The change in morphology and behavior of a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. |
| protein localization to cell leading edge | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cell leading edge. |
| elastin metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving elastin, a glycoprotein which is randomly coiled and crosslinked to form elastic fibers that are found in connective tissue. |
| negative regulation of AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly | |
| dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in ureteric bud branching | The process in which a ureteric bud bifurcates at its end. |
| metanephric capsule development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric capsule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the metanephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. |
| metanephric capsule specification | The regionalization process in which the identity of the metanephric capsule is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. |
| membrane lipid catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane. |
| response to vitamin B6 | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B6 stimulus. Vitamin B6 encompasses pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate. |
| anthranilate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate). |
| glucosylceramide biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of glucose by a ceramide group. |
| rRNA import into mitochondrion | The directed movement of rRNA, ribosomal ribonucleic acid, from the cytoplasm into a mitochondrion. |
| rRNA transport | The directed movement of rRNA, ribosomal ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid biosynthetic process, using glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid, catalyzed by glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase. |
| dGDP biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate). |
| epidermal growth factor receptor ligand maturation | |
| biomineral tissue development | Formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds, and also contain a small amounts of organic matrices that are believed to play important roles in their formation. |
| globoside biosynthetic process via lactosylceramide | |
| positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation | |
| guanosine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine, guanine riboside, a nucleoside with a wide species distribution. |
| purine deoxyribonucleoside metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside). |
| dAMP salvage | |
| sulfur amino acid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, methionine and selenocysteine. |
| negative regulation of shelterin complex assembly | |
| cellular response to decreased oxygen levels | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting a decline in the level of oxygen. |
| negative regulation of acrosome reaction | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acrosome reaction. |
| regulation of cell projection assembly | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell projection assembly. |
| UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transmembrane transport | The directed movement of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine across a membrane. |
| positive regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity | |
| negative regulation of autophagosome maturation | |
| antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen | The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. |
| nuclear envelope budding | |
| axonemal microtubule depolymerization | The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of an axonemal microtubule. An axonemal microtubule is a microtubule in the axoneme of a cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules. |
| plus-end specific microtubule depolymerization | The removal of tubulin heterodimers from the plus end of a microtubule. |
| skeletal muscle fiber differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle fiber cell. Skeletal muscle fiber differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual skeletal muscle fibers fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. |
| positive regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. |
| negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I | |
| cardiolipin biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cardiolipin, 1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol. |
| mitochondrial tRNA methylation | The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in a mitochondrial tRNA molecule. |
| meiotic telomere clustering | The cell cycle process in which the dynamic reorganization of telomeres occurs in early meiotic prophase, during which meiotic chromosome ends are gathered in a bouquet arrangement at the inner surface of the nuclear envelope proximal to the spindle pole body. This plays an important role in homologous chromosome pairing and therefore progression through meiosis. |
| response to muramyl dipeptide | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muramyl dipeptide stimulus. Muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan. |
| reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species, any molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. |
| negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the mitochondrial membrane. |
| tRNA pseudouridine synthesis | The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in a tRNA molecule. |
| phosphatidylinositol acyl-chain remodeling | Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylinositol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylinositol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains. |
| interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex | The directed movement of interneurons from the subpallium to the cortex during forebrain development. |
| formation of radial glial scaffolds | The formation of scaffolds from a radial glial cell. The scaffolds are used as a substrate for the radial migration of cells. |
| mitochondrial NAD transmembrane transport | |
| cellular response to genistein | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a genistein stimulus. |
| N-glycan processing to lysosome | The modification of high-mannose N-glycans by UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase and the subsequent removal of the N-acetylglucosamine residues yielding mannose-6-P that occurs in the ER-Golgi apparatus to N-glycans destined for the lysosome. |
| protein localization to nucleoplasm | |
| meiotic gene conversion | The cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another. It often occurs in association with general genetic recombination events, and is believed to be a straightforward consequence of the mechanisms of general recombination and DNA repair. For example, meiosis might yield three copies of the maternal version of an allele and only one copy of the paternal allele, indicating that one of the two copies of the paternal allele has been changed to a copy of the maternal allele. |
| proline transmembrane transport | The directed movement of proline, pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| photoreactive repair | The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T and C-C dimers by directly reversing the damage to restore the original pyrimidines. |
| regulation of sodium-dependent phosphate transport | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium-dependent phosphate transport. |
| regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells. |
| box C/D sno(s)RNA 3'-end processing | |
| U6 2'-O-snRNA methylation | |
| regulation of cilium beat frequency | Any process that modulates the frequency of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium. |
| negative regulation of cell cycle process | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. |
| malonate catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of malonate, the propanedioate ion. |
| positive regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport | |
| phosphatidylserine exposure on blood platelet | A phospholipid scrambling process that results in the appearance of phosphatidylserine on the surface of activated blood platelets, and triggers the clotting system. |
| positive regulation of bone development | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone development. |
| neural tube formation | The formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. |
| tRNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation | Splicing of tRNA substrates via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons. |
| radial spoke assembly | |
| negative regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a ceramide biosynthetic process. |
| acetylcholine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. |
| thiamine pyrophosphate transmembrane transport | |
| neuromast hair cell development | |
| acetylcholine secretion | The regulated release of acetylcholine by a cell. |
| mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint signaling | |
| negative regulation of chromosome organization | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization. |
| phosphatidylserine acyl-chain remodeling | Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylserine, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylserine containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains. |
| mitochondrial RNA metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion. |
| RNA polymerase I preinitiation complex assembly | |
| reductive iron assimilation | |
| mitochondrial ribosome assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the mitochondrial ribosome and of its subunits. |
| post-translational protein acetylation | The addition of an acetyl group to one or more amino acids in a protein, occurring after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome. |
| wax biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wax, which includes C16 and C18 fatty acids. |
| bundle of His cell to Purkinje myocyte communication | The process that mediates interactions between a bundle of His cell and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the bundle of His cell communicating with a Purkinje myocyte in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. |
| regulation of intracellular lipid transport | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells. |
| regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol within cells. |
| sucrose transport | |
| tRNA C3-cytosine methylation | |
| cellular response to ionomycin | |
| protein transport from ciliary membrane to plasma membrane | |
| mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric | The cell cycle process in which centromeres of sister chromatids are joined during mitosis. |
| 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate metabolic process | |
| regulation of protein lipidation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein lipidation. |
| ingression involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second | |
| tRNA aminoacylation for mitochondrial protein translation | The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in ribosome-mediated polypeptide synthesis in a mitochondrion. |
| peptidyl-lysine methylation | The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form either the mono-, di- or trimethylated derivative. |
| regulation of Ral protein signal transduction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Ral protein signal transduction. |
| mitochondrial alanyl-tRNA aminoacylation | The process of coupling alanine to alanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by alanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. |
| negative regulation of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation | |
| UDP-glucose transmembrane transport | |
| vesicle targeting, trans-Golgi to endosome | The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from the trans-Golgi to the endosome. |
| ghrelin secretion | |
| negative regulation of somatostatin secretion | |
| DNA deamination | The removal of an amino group from a nucleotide base in DNA. An example is the deamination of cytosine to produce uracil. |
| regulation of neuron maturation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation, the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a neuron. This process is independent of morphogenetic change. |
| tangential migration from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb | The migration of cells in the telencephalon from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb in which cells move orthogonally to the direction of radial migration and do not use radial glial cell processes as substrates for migration. |
| regulation of kidney size | Any process that modulates the size of a kidney. |
| regulation of lysosomal lumen pH | Any process that modulates the pH of the lysosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. |
| negative regulation of late endosome to lysosome transport | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of late endosome to lysosome transport. |
| negative regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity by peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation | A peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation that results in negative regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity. |
| negative regulation of protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion. |
| Wnt signalosome assembly | |
| regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of branching morphogenesis of a nerve. |
| alpha-tubulin acetylation | The addition of an acetyl group to the lysine 40 residue of alpha-tubulin. |
| regulation of nucleus size | Any process that modulates the size of the nucleus. |
| regulation of superoxide dismutase activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of superoxide dismutase activity. |
| manchette assembly | |
| regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process | Any regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in apoptotic process. |
| peripheral nervous system myelin formation | The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon by an oligodendrocyte in the peripheral nervous system. |
| protein K6-linked deubiquitination | A protein deubiquitination process in which a K6-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 6 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein. |
| protein K27-linked deubiquitination | A protein deubiquitination process in which a K27-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 27 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein. |
| positive regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity | Any process that activates or increases the activity of an ion transporter. |
| positive regulation of cation transmembrane transport | |
| negative regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway. |
| ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the N-end rule pathway | |
| maintenance of Golgi location | Any process in which the Golgi is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere. |
| positive regulation of ATP metabolic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP metabolic process. |
| protein localization to motile cilium | |
| RNA methylation | Posttranscriptional addition of a methyl group to either a nucleotide or 2'-O ribose in a polyribonucleotide. Usually uses S-adenosylmethionine as a cofactor. |
| Wnt protein secretion | |
| positive regulation of Wnt protein secretion | |
| snRNA processing | Any process involved in the conversion of a primary small nuclear RNA (snRNA) transcript into a mature snRNA molecule. |
| ceramide 1-phosphate transport | The directed movement of a ceramide 1-phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| miRNA metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving miRNA, microRNA, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21-23 nucleotides in length, which regulates gene expression. |
| RNA 3'-end processing | Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an RNA molecule. |
| transposable element silencing by mRNA destabilization | |
| polyuridylation-dependent mRNA catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of uridylyl residues (polyuridylation) at the 3' end of the target mRNA. |
| negative regulation of germinal center formation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of germinal center formation. |
| negative regulation of T-helper cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation. |
| regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay. |
| regulation of miRNA metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA metabolic process. |
| positive regulation of astrocyte activation | |
| 5-aminolevulinic acid import across plasma membrane | |
| positive regulation of ferroptosis | |
| protein side chain deglutamylation | The removal of a glutamate residue from the side chain of a protein. Glutamate side chains are added to glutamic acid residues within the primary protein sequence during polyglutamylation. |
| negative regulation of membrane permeability | |
| negative regulation of Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity. |
| nitrate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrates, inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. |
| N-terminal peptidyl-L-cysteine N-palmitoylation | The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a nitrogen (N) atom in an N-terminal cysteine residue to form N-palmitoyl-L-cysteine. |
| protein deglutamylation | The removal of a glutamate residue from a protein. Glutamate residues in proteins can be gene-encoded, or added as side chains during the protein modification process of polyglutamylation. |
| negative regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in regeneration. |
| protein K29-linked deubiquitination | A protein deubiquitination process in which a K29-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 29 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein. |
| protein K33-linked deubiquitination | A protein deubiquitination process in which a K33-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 33 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein. |
| N-terminal protein amino acid methylation | The methylation of the N-terminal amino acid of a protein. |
| positive regulation of cellular response to heat | |
| barbed-end actin filament uncapping | The removal of capping protein from the barbed (or plus) end of actin filaments to free the ends for addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits. |
| positive regulation of lamellipodium organization | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lamellipodium organization. |
| negative regulation of barbed-end actin filament capping | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of barbed-end actin filament capping. |
| ribophagy | |
| snRNA transcription | The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template. |
| peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation | The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a sulfur (S) atom within a cysteine residue to form peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine. |
| lipid ubiquitination | |
| kidney epithelium development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. |
| C-terminal protein lipidation | The covalent attachment of a lipid group to the carboxy terminus of a protein. |
| microautophagy | The transfer of cytosolic components into the lysosomal compartment by direct invagination of the lysosomal membrane without prior sequestration into an autophagosome. The engulfing membranes fuse, resulting in the lysosomal delivery of the cargo wrapped in a single membrane derived from the invaginated lysosomal membrane. In S. cerevisiae, the vacuole is the lysosomal compartment. |
| regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of The DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle. |
| autophagosome organization | |
| Wnt receptor catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a Wnt receptor. Internalized Wnt receptors can be recycled to the plasma membrane or sorted to lysosomes for protein degradation. |
| acylglycerol acyl-chain remodeling | Remodeling the acyl chains of an acylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate an acylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains. |
| detection of yeast | |
| negative regulation of sodium-dependent phosphate transport | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium-dependent phosphate transport. |
| positive regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation | |
| amide biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. |
| amide catabolic process | |
| 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), beginning with the synthesis of tryptophan or aspartate from simpler precursors; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH. |
| regulation of receptor recycling | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of receptor recycling. |
| regulation of cholesterol import | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cholesterol import. Cholesterol import is the directed movement of cholesterol into a cell or organelle. |
| benzoyl-CoA metabolic process | |
| regulation of microvillus length | A process that modulates the length of a microvillus. |
| male pronucleus assembly | The conversion at fertilization of the inactive sperm nucleus into a male pronucleus with its chromosomes processed for the first zygotic division. |
| posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell development | |
| dorsal/ventral axis specification | The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism. |
| rRNA 2'-O-methylation | The addition of a methyl group to the 2'-oxygen atom of a nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis. |
| mitotic spindle microtubule depolymerization | |
| zonula adherens maintenance | Maintaining the zonula adherens junction, the cell-cell adherens junction formed near the apex of epithelial cells. |
| endonucleolytic cleavage of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) | Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with three genes, in this order, are produced in the nuclei of many eukaryotic species, including S. cerevisiae. |
| cerebellar granule cell precursor tangential migration | The early migration of granule cell precursors in which cells move orthogonal to the direction of radial migration and ultimately cover the superficial zone of the cerebellar primordium. |
| regulation of lymphocyte chemotaxis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte chemotaxis. |
| external genitalia morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the external genitalia are generated and organized. The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals. |
| regulation of developmental growth | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth. |
| gallbladder development | |
| retinal cell apoptotic process | Any apoptotic process in a retinal cell. |
| mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion. |
| central nervous system myelin formation | The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon by an oligodendrocyte in the central nervous system. |
| molybdate ion transport | The directed movement of molybdate (MoO4 2-) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Molybdate is the bivalent anion derived from molybdic acid. |
| monoatomic anion transmembrane transport | |
| telomere-telomerase complex assembly | |
| DNA cytosine deamination | The removal of an amino group from a cytosine residue in DNA, forming a uracil residue. |
| glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol. |
| negative regulation of collagen fibril organization | |
| regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis | |
| cysteine transmembrane transport | The directed movement of cysteine across a membrane. |
| regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell fate specification | |
| regulation of zinc ion transport | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| zinc ion import into Golgi lumen | |
| peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation to 5-hydroxy-L-lysine | The hydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to peptidyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine. |
| negative regulation of protein homooligomerization | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein homooligomerization. |
| co-transcriptional lncRNA 3' end processing, cleavage and polyadenylation pathway | |
| positive regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption | |
| positive regulation of triglyceride transport | |
| endodermal cell fate commitment | The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the endoderm. |
| heme transport | The directed movement of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| negative regulation of snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II | |
| tRNA metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. Transfer RNA is characterized by the presence of many unusual minor bases, the function of which has not been completely established. |
| neuronal stem cell division | The self-renewing division of a neuronal stem cell. |
| regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled proton transport | |
| protein depalmitoleylation | |
| biotin transport | The directed movement of biotin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Biotin is cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid; the (+) enantiomer is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions. |
| biotin import across plasma membrane | |
| positive regulation of protein neddylation | |
| tyrosine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid. |
| telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body | |
| protein-RNA complex assembly | |
| tRNA aminoacylation | The chemical reactions and pathways by which the various amino acids become bonded to their corresponding tRNAs. The most common route for synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA is by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, usually catalyzed by the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA ligase. A given aminoacyl-tRNA ligase aminoacylates all species of an isoaccepting group of tRNA molecules. |
| mitochondrial asparaginyl-tRNA aminoacylation | The process of coupling asparagine to asparaginyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. |
| brush border assembly | |
| negative regulation of miRNA catabolic process | |
| negative regulation of transport | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| acylglycerol homeostasis | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of acylglycerol within an organism or cell. |
| polyamine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups. |
| putrescine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine can be synthesized from arginine or ornithine and is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine. |
| putrescine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine. |
| spermidine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane. |
| spermine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses and involved in nucleic acid packaging. |
| positive regulation of spermidine biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spermidine biosynthetic process. |
| CAAX-box protein processing | The second process in a series of specific posttranslational modifications to the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins, in which the last three amino acids of the protein (AAX) are removed by proteolysis. |
| regulation of G2/MI transition of meiotic cell cycle | |
| lipoprotein lipid oxidation | |
| foam cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions. |
| NAD catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; catabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH. |
| phototransduction, UV | |
| cellular response to light stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light. |
| toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 7. |
| toll-like receptor TLR1:TLR2 signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a heterodimeric TLR1:TLR2 complex to one of it's physiological ligands, followed by transmission of the signal by the activated receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| choline metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. |
| positive regulation of ERK5 cascade | |
| positive regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway. |
| postsynaptic density organization | A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a postsynaptic density, a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse. |
| dendrite extension | Long distance growth of a single dendrite involved in cellular development. |
| regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoproteins, any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids. |
| nuclear RNA surveillance | The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs within the nucleus. |
| lncRNA catabolic process | |
| negative regulation of lncRNA transcription | |
| reduction of food intake in response to dietary excess | An eating behavior process whereby detection of a dietary excess results in a decrease in intake of nutrients. |
| negative regulation of tooth mineralization | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures. |
| NAD biosynthetic process via the salvage pathway | |
| zinc ion import into organelle | |
| manganese ion export across plasma membrane | |
| positive regulation of convergent extension involved in gastrulation | |
| protein O-linked fucosylation | The process of transferring a fucosyl group to a serine or threonine residues in a protein acceptor molecule, to form an O-linked protein-sugar linkage. |
| L-proline import across plasma membrane | |
| tRNA nucleoside ribose methylation | The process that results in the modification of the sugar of a nucleoside in tRNA at the 2'O position. |
| core 3 O-glycan biosynthetic process | |
| G1 to G0 transition involved in cell differentiation | A cell cycle arrest process that results in arrest during G1 phase, whereupon the cell enters G0 phase, in the context of cell differentiation. |
| interleukin-34-mediated signaling pathway | |
| microfibril assembly | |
| positive regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated calcium channel activity. |
| transposable element silencing by piRNA-mediated heterochromatin formation | |
| negative regulation of pre-miRNA processing | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pre-microRNA processing. |
| global genome nucleotide-excision repair | The nucleotide-excision repair process in which DNA lesions are removed from nontranscribed strands and from transcriptionally silent regions over the entire genome. |
| auditory behavior | The behavior of an organism in response to a sound. |
| regulation of muscle organ development | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle development. |
| mastication | The process of biting and mashing food with the teeth prior to swallowing. |
| learned vocalization behavior | |
| negative regulation of relaxation of muscle | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of muscle. |
| negative regulation of saliva secretion | |
| somatic diversification of immunoglobulins involved in immune response | The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of immunoglobulins after induction, and contributes to an immune response. |
| L-histidine transmembrane transport | The directed movement of L-histidine across a membrane. |
| L-lysine transmembrane transport | The directed movement of L-lysine across a membrane. |
| Golgi to secretory granule transport | The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to a secretory granule. The secretory granule is a membrane-bounded particle, usually protein, formed in the granular endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex. |
| myotube cell development involved in skeletal muscle regeneration | |
| myotube differentiation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. This process occurs as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. |
| positive regulation of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential | |
| regulation of heart looping | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart looping. |
| protein localization to cytoskeleton | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the cytoskeleton. |
| negative regulation of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity | |
| regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen (starch) synthase activity. |
| suckling behavior | Specific behavior of a newborn or infant mammal that results in the derivation of nourishment from the breast. |
| development of primary female sexual characteristics | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary female sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structure. The primary female sexual characteristics are the ovaries, and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion. |
| development of primary male sexual characteristics | |
| positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity | |
| dADP catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate). |
| dGDP catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate). |
| GDP catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of GDP, guanosine 5'-diphosphate. |
| nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process | The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide. |
| mucociliary clearance | |
| myoblast differentiation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration | The process in which a relatively unspecialized satellite cell acquires specialized features of a myoblast. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. |
| satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration | |
| negative regulation of type 2 mitophagy | |
| macromolecule methylation | The covalent attachment of a methyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule. |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine transport | The directed movement of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| mitochondrial S-adenosyl-L-methionine transmembrane transport | |
| regulation of DNA strand resection involved in replication fork processing | |
| positive regulation of mediator complex assembly | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mediator complex assembly. |
| positive regulation of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport. |
| mitochondrial RNA 5'-end processing | Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome; occurs in the mitochondrion. |
| mitochondrial tRNA processing | |
| mitochondrial tRNA 3'-end processing | The process in which the 3' end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA in the mitochondrion. |
| asparagine catabolic process via L-aspartate | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate L-aspartate. |
| snRNA metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving snRNA, small nuclear RNA, any of various low-molecular-mass RNA molecules found in the eukaryotic nucleus as components of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein. |
| snRNA modification | The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within snRNA, resulting in a change in the properties of the snRNA. |
| positive regulation of protein localization to kinetochore | |
| peptidyl-arginine methylation, to symmetrical-dimethyl arginine | The process of methylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine. |
| mitochondrial RNA processing | The conversion of a primary RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome into one or more mature RNA molecules; occurs in the mitochondrion. |
| protein histidyl modification to diphthamide | |
| hexose biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. |
| tendon development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tendon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A tendon is a fibrous, strong, connective tissue that connects muscle to bone or integument and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons and muscles work together to exert a pulling force. |
| regulation of cartilage development | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. |
| detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sweet taste | The series of events required for a sweet taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal. |
| sensory perception of sweet taste | The series of events required to receive a sweet taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. |
| sensory perception of umami taste | The series of events required to receive an umami taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Umami taste is the savory taste of meats and other foods that are rich in glutamates. This is a neurological process. |
| lipid import into cell | |
| regulation of mitochondrial fusion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment. |
| positive regulation of fat cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation. |
| positive regulation of termination of DNA-templated transcription | |
| positive regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled. |
| regulation of mitochondrial transcription | |
| negative regulation of guanylate cyclase activity | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity. |
| secondary piRNA processing | |
| sensory perception of mechanical stimulus | The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory mechanical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. |
| regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells. |
| positive regulation of IP-10 production | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of IP-10. |
| detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sour taste | The series of events required for a sour taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal. |
| cytochrome metabolic process | |
| regulation of growth rate | Any process that modulates the rate of growth of all or part of an organism. |
| convergent extension involved in gastrulation | The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis usually resulting in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. |
| determination of intestine left/right asymmetry | Determination of the asymmetric location of the intestine loops with respect to the left and right halves of the organism. |
| determination of stomach left/right asymmetry | Determination of the asymmetric location of the stomach with respect to the left and right halves of the organism. |
| regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway. |
| intraciliary retrograde transport | The directed movement of large protein complexes along microtubules from the tip of a cilium (also called flagellum) toward the cell body, mediated by motor proteins. |
| regulation of intraciliary retrograde transport | |
| regulation of microtubule depolymerization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization. |
| delamination | |
| neuroblast delamination | |
| sperm mitochondrion organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of sperm mitochondria; the process in which they take on their characteristic morphology; they are flattened, elongated, and arranged circumferentially into a tight helical coil around the tail-dense fibers of the mature sperm. |
| negative regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational elongation. |
| regulation of ubiquinone biosynthetic process | |
| negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor internalization | |
| regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation. |
| synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane | |
| negative regulation of SNARE complex assembly | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of assembly of the SNARE complex. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers. |
| negative regulation of short-term synaptic potentiation | |
| negative regulation of mast cell activation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation. |
| negative regulation of monoatomic ion transport | |
| GPI anchor metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, molecular mechanisms for attaching membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. Structurally they consist of a molecule of phosphatidylinositol to which is linked, via the C-6 hydroxyl of the inositol, a carbohydrate chain. This chain is in turn linked to the protein through an ethanolamine phosphate group, the amino group of which is in amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein chain, the phosphate group being esterified to the C-6 hydroxyl of the terminal mannose of the core carbohydrate chain. |
| DNA-templated transcription open complex formation | |
| slow endocytic recycling | The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from deep (non-peripheral) compartments endocytic compartments back to the plasma membrane where they are recycled for further rounds of transport. |
| regulation of inhibitory synapse assembly | |
| ameboidal-type cell migration | Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. |
| pericentric heterochromatin formation | |
| centromere complex assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and centromeric DNA molecules to form a centromeric protein-DNA complex. Includes the formation of the chromatin structures which form a platform for the kinetochore, and assembly of the kinetochore onto this specialized chromatin. In fission yeast and higher eukaryotes this process also includes the formation of heterochromatin at the outer repeat (pericentric) regions of the centromere. |
| replication fork arrest | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication by impeding the progress of the DNA replication fork. |
| epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second | The expansion of one cell sheet over other cells involved in deuterostomic gastrulation. |
| embryonic heart tube left/right pattern formation | The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of the left/right axis of the embryonic heart tube in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place. |
| left/right pattern formation | The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of the left/right axis in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment. |
| determination of heart left/right asymmetry | Determination of the asymmetric location of the heart with respect to the left and right halves of the organism. |
| dolichyl diphosphate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichyl diphosphate, a diphosphorylated dolichol derivative. |
| dolichol biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichols, any 2,3-dihydropolyprenol derived from four or more linked isoprene units. |
| protein localization to tricellular tight junction | |
| tricellular tight junction assembly | |
| proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex, proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient. |
| vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 signaling pathway | |
| negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time. |
| deadenylation-dependent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA | Cleavage of the 5'-cap of a nuclear mRNA triggered by shortening of the poly(A) tail to below a minimum functional length. |
| protein delipidation | The breakage of covalent bonds to detach lipid groups from a protein. |
| peptidyl-histidine methylation | |
| actin modification | Covalent modification of an actin molecule. |
| regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction. |
| positive regulation of cristae formation | |
| regulation of TORC2 signaling | |
| aspartate family amino acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine. |
| positive regulation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity | |
| transcription-dependent tethering of RNA polymerase II gene DNA at nuclear periphery | The chromosome organization process in which the DNA sequence containing a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery. In S. cerevisiae, this process involves cis-acting DNA sequences such as the TATA box and upstream activating sequence (UAS) elements, trans-acting transcriptional activators, and also the 3'-UTR of the transcript. |
| tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine modification | |
| negative regulation of protein localization to cell cortex | |
| lithium ion transport | |
| positive regulation of intracellular lipid transport | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells. |
| trypsinogen activation | The proteolytic processing of trypsinogen to the active form, trypsin. |
| regulation of dephosphorylation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a molecule. |
| apical constriction | The actin-mediated process that results in the contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell. |
| contractile ring contraction | |
| coenzyme A transmembrane transport | The process in which coenzyme A is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester. |
| AMP transport | The directed movement of AMP, adenosine monophosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| endosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway | The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes or vacuoles by a pathway in which molecules are sorted into multivesicular bodies, which then fuse with the target compartment. |
| regulation of lysosomal membrane permeability | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the lysosomal membrane. |
| protein localization to phagocytic vesicle | |
| SCF complex assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the SKP1-Cullin/Cdc53-F-box protein ubiquitin ligase (SCF) complex. |
| mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in bone development | |
| spermidine transmembrane transport | |
| regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| lauric acid metabolic process | |
| snRNA (adenine-N6)-methylation | |
| oxalate transport | The directed movement of oxalate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oxalate, or ethanedioic acid, occurs in many plants and is highly toxic to animals. |
| negative regulation of glutamate metabolic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate metabolic process. |
| positive regulation of sperm capacitation | |
| lactate catabolic process | |
| meiotic sister chromatid cohesion | The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome during meiosis. |
| regulation of homologous chromosome segregation | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of homologous chromosome segregation, the cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the first division of the meiotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner; this pairing off, referred to as synapsis, permits genetic recombination. One homolog (both sister chromatids) of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets. |
| establishment of blood-brain barrier | Establishment of the barrier between the blood and the brain. The cells in the brain are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier. |
| reproductive system development | The progression of the reproductive system over time from its formation to the mature structure. The reproductive system consists of the organs that function in reproduction. |
| NADP catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; catabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH. |
| oxalate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxalate, the organic acid ethanedioate. |
| mRNA localization resulting in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression | |
| regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway. |
| de novo centriole assembly | Centriole assembly in which a centriole arises de novo by a process involving an electron dense structure known as a deuterosome, rather than by duplication of an existing centriole. |
| serine family amino acid catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine. |
| 2-oxobutyrate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-oxobutyrate, the anion of the organic acid 2-oxobutyric acid, which contains a ketone group on carbon 2. |
| regulation of myofibroblast contraction | |
| regulation of cation channel activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cation channel activity. |
| oxaloacetate transport | |
| succinate transport | The directed movement of succinate, the dianion of ethane dicarboxylic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| citrate transport | The directed movement of citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in egg activation | |
| pancreatic D cell differentiation | The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features that characterize a pancreatic delta cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin. |
| pancreatic epsilon cell differentiation | The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic epsilon cell. A pancreatic epsilon cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes ghrelin. |
| negative regulation of memory T cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of memory T cell differentiation. |
| response to type III interferon | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type III interferon stimulus. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far. |
| regulation of granulocyte chemotaxis | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of granulocyte chemotaxis. Granulocyte chemotaxis is the movement of a granulocyte in response to an external stimulus. |
| regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway. |
| endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane tethering | |
| response to heparin | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heparin stimulus. |
| positive regulation of chylomicron remnant clearance | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of chylomicron remnant clearance. Chylomicron clearance is the process in which a chylomicron remnant is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis into liver cells and its constituent parts degraded. |
| regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide metabolic process. |
| rRNA 3'-end processing | Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an rRNA molecule. |
| magnesium ion transmembrane transport | |
| peptidyl-proline hydroxylation | The hydroxylation of peptidyl-proline to form peptidyl-hydroxyproline. |
| hormone transport | The directed movement of hormones into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| short-chain fatty acid transmembrane transport | |
| regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell | |
| mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit assembly | |
| fructose catabolic process to hydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate | |
| ethanolamine transport | |
| intercellular bridge organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the intracellular bridge. An intracellular bridge is a direct link between the cytoplasms of sister cells that allows cells to communicate with one another. |
| regulation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| recycling endosome to Golgi transport | The directed movement of substances from recycling endosomes to the Golgi. |
| microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in establishment of planar polarity | |
| regulation of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol | |
| regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering. |
| pre-B cell differentiation | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pre-B cell. Pre-B cells follow the pro-B cell stage of immature B cell differentiation and undergo rearrangement of heavy chain V, D, and J gene segments. |
| esophagus smooth muscle contraction | A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the esophagus. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The esophagus is the muscular membranous segment between the pharynx and the stomach in the upper gastrointestinal tract. |
| heparan sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving any proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans that have repeat units consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues, the former being a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic and L-iduronic acids, and the latter being either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups. |
| negative regulation of prostatic bud formation | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of prostatic bud formation, the morphogenetic process in which a region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium is specified to become the prostate, resulting in prostate bud outgrowth. |
| morphogenesis of an epithelial sheet | The process in which the anatomical structures of an epithelial sheet are generated and organized. An epithelial sheet is a flat surface consisting of closely packed epithelial cells. |
| glutamate catabolic process via 2-hydroxyglutarate | |
| pigment granule aggregation in cell center | The directed movement of dispersed pigment granules towards the center of the cell. |
| T-helper cell lineage commitment | The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell specialized to promote various immunological processes. |
| tricuspid valve formation | The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the tricuspid valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. |
| negative regulation of mast cell differentiation | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. |
| negative regulation of mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling | |
| cellular response to caloric restriction | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a of caloric restriction, insufficient food energy intake. |
| negative regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation | Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation. |
| glutamine family amino acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline. |
| regulation of response to type II interferon | |
| negative regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase | |
| nuclear chromosome segregation | |
| mitotic nuclear division | A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell. |
| mitotic cytokinetic process | Any cytokinetic process that is involved in mitotic cell cycle. |
| protein prenylation | The covalent attachment of a prenyl group to a protein; geranyl, farnesyl, or geranylgeranyl groups may be added. |
| geranyl diphosphate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving geranyl diphosphate, the universal precursor of the monoterpenes. |
| farnesyl diphosphate catabolic process | |
| geranylgeranyl diphosphate catabolic process | |
| response to intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling | A process that acts directly to delay or stop progression through the cell cycle in response to signals generated as a result of intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling; contributes to an intra-S DNA damage checkpoint. |
| mitochondrial RNA 3'-end processing | Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome; occurs in the mitochondrion. |
| mitochondrial ncRNA surveillance | The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant non-coding RNA transcripts (ncRNAs) within the mitochondrion. |
| mitochondrial mRNA surveillance | The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading messenger RNA (mRNA) within the mitochondrion. |
| mitochondrial RNA surveillance | The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs that takes place in the mitochondrion. |
| cold acclimation | Any process that increases freezing tolerance of an organism in response to low, nonfreezing temperatures. |
| negative regulation of protein localization to endosome | |
| regulation of natural killer cell differentiation involved in immune response | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation as part of an immune response. |
| cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell. A cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell covers the heart vasculature and lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers. |
| negative regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell differentiation. |
| protein sulfation | The addition of a sulfate group as an ester to a protein amino acid. |
| negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid. |
| positive regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of engulfment of apoptotic cell. |
| peptidyl-glutamic acid carboxylation | The gamma-carboxylation of peptidyl-glutamic acid; catalyzed by the vitamin K dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase. |
| GDP-L-fucose salvage | |
| regulation of cobalamin metabolic process | |
| positive regulation of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance. |
| negative regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction | |
| innate immune response activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals leading to activation of the innate immune response generated as a consequence of binding to a cell surface receptor. |
| positive regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of polarized epithelial cell differentiation. |
| pronephric nephron tubule morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of a pronephric nephron tubule are generated and organized from an epithelium. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron. |
| regulation of protein deacetylation | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein deacetylation, the removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid. |
| meiotic DNA double-strand break processing involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination | |
| negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle contraction | |
| cellular response to ergosterol | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ergosterol stimulus. |
| positive regulation of cell projection organization | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. |
| P granule organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of polar granules, cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes. |
| vasopressin secretion | The regulated release of vasopressin from secretory granules into the blood. |
| positive regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport | |
| cytoskeletal matrix organization at active zone | The assembly and arrangement of cytomatrix proteins to form complexes in the cell cortex beneath the active zone, i.e. just beneath the presynaptic plasma membrane. |
| terminal button organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a terminal button. A terminal button is the terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. |
| neurexin clustering involved in presynaptic membrane assembly | |
| regulation of metallopeptidase activity | |
| regulation of mitochondrial DNA replication | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion. |
| male gamete generation | Generation of the male gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a female gamete takes part in sexual reproduction. |
| non-replicative DNA transposition | |
| negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation. |
| negative regulation of postsynaptic density organization | |
| negative regulation of T cell costimulation | |
| response to cobalt ion | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalt ion stimulus. |
| negative regulation of neurotransmitter secretion | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter. |
| carnosine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving the dipeptide beta-alanyl-L-histidine (carnosine). |
| muscle cell migration | The orderly movement of a muscle cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. |
| extracellular vesicle biogenesis | |
| proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase (also known as F-type ATPase), a two-sector ATPase found in the inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplasts, and in bacterial plasma membranes. |
| acetate transport | |
| pyruvate transport | The directed movement of pyruvate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| propanoate transmembrane transport | |
| nicotinate transport | The directed movement of a nicotinateacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgG isotypes. |
| positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway. |
| fatty-acyl-CoA catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty-acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty-acyl group. |
| regulation of anoikis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis. |
| ketone biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ketones, a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups. |
| regulation of lipid catabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids. |
| negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning. |
| nuclear body organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of any of the extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins. |
| meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination | |
| positive regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation | |
| cAMP-mediated signaling | Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic AMP (cAMP). Includes production of cAMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. |
| protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane | The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a mitochondrial membrane. |
| mitochondrial L-ornithine transmembrane transport | |
| negative regulation of type III interferon production | |
| protein localization to microvillus | |
| omega-hydroxyceramide biosynthetic process | |
| sequestering of nodal from receptor via nodal binding | Binding to a nodal protein in the extracellular region, and inhibiting nodal signaling by preventing nodal from binding to its cell surface receptor. |
| positive regulation of centrosome duplication | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome duplication. Centrosome duplication is the replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized. |
| 'de novo' actin filament nucleation | The actin nucleation process in which actin monomers combine in the absence of any existing actin filaments; elongation of the actin oligomer formed by nucleation leads to the formation of an unbranched filament. |
| saturated monocarboxylic acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving saturated monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-) and fully saturated C-C bonds. |
| unsaturated monocarboxylic acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-) and one or more unsaturated C-C bonds. |
| dicarboxylic acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). |
| regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| regulation of phosphatidylcholine metabolic process | |
| regulation of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process | |
| regulation of phosphatidylserine metabolic process | |
| photoreceptor cell morphogenesis | The process in which the structures of a photoreceptor cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. |
| lysophospholipid translocation | |
| negative regulation of mitotic recombination | Any process that inhibits or decreases the rate of DNA recombination during mitosis. |
| limb epidermis development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis of the limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The limb epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of the limb, it is a complex stratified squamous epithelium. |
| RNA glycosylation | |
| commissural neuron differentiation in spinal cord | The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of commissural neurons. Commissural neurons in both vertebrates and invertebrates transfer information from one side of their bodies to the other through the midline. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. |
| muscle tissue development | The progression of muscle tissue over time, from its initial formation to its mature state. Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers. |
| low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a low-density lipoprotein particle receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. |
| negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding | |
| negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport | |
| proximal tubule development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the proximal tubule is a nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle. It has a brush border epithelial morphology. |
| fluid transport | The directed movement of substances that are in liquid form in normal living conditions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| borate transport | The directed movement of borate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Borate is the anion (BO3)3-; boron is a group 13 element, with properties which are borderline between metals and non-metals. |
| extraction of mislocalized protein from mitochondrial outer membrane | |
| asparagine transport | The directed movement of asparagine, alpha-aminosuccinamic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| UDP-D-xylose biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-D-xylose, uridinediphosphoxylose, a substance composed of xylose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. |
| diacylglycerol biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diacylglycerol, a glyceride in which any two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group. |
| dermatan sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are dermatan sulfate (chondroitin sulfate B). Dermatan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units. |
| striated muscle cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a striated muscle cell; striated muscle fibers are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and voluntary muscle are types of striated muscle. |
| nicotinamide nucleotide metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide nucleotides, any nucleotide that contains combined nicotinamide. |
| Notch signaling involved in heart development | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell and contributing to the progression of the heart over time. |
| positive regulation of autophagosome-lysosome fusion | |
| polyadenylation-dependent ncRNA catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a noncoding RNA (ncRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target ncRNA. |
| protein branching point deglutamylation | The removal of a branching point glutamate residue. A branching point glutamate connects a glutamate side chain to a gene-encoded glutamate residue. |
| glycosylceramide metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide (or derivative) by a ceramide group. |
| regulation of acetylcholine uptake | |
| cardiac chamber ballooning | |
| positive regulation of locomotion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. |
| thermoception | The series of events required for an organism to receive a temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Thermoception in larger animals is mainly done in the skin; mammals have at least two types of sensor, for detecting heat (temperatures above body temperature) and cold (temperatures below body temperature). |
| response to capsazepine | |
| negative regulation of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation. |
| negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis. |
| negative regulation of hair cycle | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair. |
| negative regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to insulin stimulus. |
| positive regulation of macropinocytosis | |
| positive regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis | |
| keratinocyte development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a keratinocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation. |
| protein localization to heterochromatin | |
| constitutive heterochromatin formation | |
| memory T cell proliferation | The expansion of a memory T cell population by cell division. |
| drinking behavior | Behaviors associated with the ingesting of water and other liquids; includes rhythmic patterns of drinking (time intervals - onset and duration), frequency and satiety. |
| response to high light intensity | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high light intensity stimulus. |
| cone photoresponse recovery | |
| FAD biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FAD, the oxidized form of flavin-adenine dinucleotide. |
| riboflavin metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor for the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). |
| negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney development | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in kidney development. |
| negative regulation of brown fat cell differentiation | |
| regulation of pro-B cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pro-B cell differentiation. |
| regulation of synaptic membrane adhesion | |
| sulfide oxidation, using sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase | A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase. |
| CMP-N-acetylneuraminate biosynthetic process | |
| regulation of DNA double-strand break processing | |
| positive regulation of meiosis I spindle assembly checkpoint | |
| detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception | The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception. |
| negative regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation | |
| negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation. |
| positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response. |
| midbrain-hindbrain boundary morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structure of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary is generated and organized. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. |
| initiation of neural tube closure | The process in which closure points are established at multiple points and along the neural rostrocaudal axis. |
| negative regulation of developmental pigmentation | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism. |
| endocytosis involved in viral entry into host cell | Any endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell. |
| endosome to lysosome transport of low-density lipoprotein particle | |
| UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. |
| protein localization to microtubule plus-end | |
| positive regulation of ubiquinone biosynthetic process | |
| positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell differentiation. |
| negative regulation of hemopoiesis | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. |
| positive regulation of white fat cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation. |
| regulation of cell projection organization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. |
| positive regulation of nuclear receptor-mediated glucocorticoid signaling pathway | |
| notochord morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the notochord are generated and organized. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column. |
| metanephric mesenchyme morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros. |
| mesangial cell development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesangial cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| specification of anterior mesonephric tubule identity | The process in which the tubules of the anterior mesonephros acquire their identity. |
| specification of posterior mesonephric tubule identity | The process in which the tubules of the posterior mesonephros acquire their identity. |
| negative regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation. |
| renal vesicle progenitor cell differentiation | The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the renal vesicle progenitor cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state. A renal vesicle progenitor cell is a cell that will give rise to terminally differentiated cells of the renal vesicle without self-renewing. |
| ureter urothelium development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urothelium of the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The urothelium is an epithelium that makes up the epithelial tube of the ureter. |
| metanephric nephron tubule development | The progression of a metanephric nephron tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros. |
| metanephric glomerulus vasculature development | The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerulus vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the metanephric glomerulus vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The metanephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the metanephric glomerulus. |
| metanephric interstitial fibroblast development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric interstitial fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| pattern specification involved in metanephros development | Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the metanephros to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate. |
| metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in metanephros development | The multiplication or reproduction of metanephric cap mesenchymal cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. A metanephric cap mesenchymal cell is a mesenchymal cell that has condensed with other mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip. |
| negative regulation of creatine transmembrane transporter activity | |
| negative regulation of mast cell chemotaxis | |
| 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate transport | The directed movement of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride synthesized from adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| 5'-adenylyl sulfate transmembrane transport | |
| N-acetylneuraminate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid. |
| cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle | The process in which a cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division. |
| tRNA N1-guanine methylation | |
| zinc export across plasma membrane | |
| male meiosis chromosome separation | The process in which paired chromosomes are physically detached from each other during male meiosis. |
| mitophagy by internal vacuole formation | |
| positive regulation of cardiolipin metabolic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiolipin metabolic process. |
| pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. |
| broken chromosome clustering | |
| antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II | The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. |
| RNA import into mitochondrion | The directed movement of RNA from the cytoplasm into a mitochondrion. |
| nuclear polyadenylation-dependent mRNA catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target mRNA. |
| mitochondrial mRNA polyadenylation | The enzymatic addition of a sequence of 40-60 adenylyl residues at the 3' end of a eukaryotic mitochondrial mRNA primary transcript. Mitochondria contain both stabilizing and destabilizing poly(A) tails. |
| membrane protein proteolysis involved in retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol | |
| protein localization to ciliary transition zone | |
| microtubule anchoring at microtubule organizing center | Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a microtubule organizing center. |
| L-alanine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid. |
| positive regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential | |
| positive regulation of regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization | |
| synaptic vesicle cycle | |
| double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing | |
| positive regulation of pigment cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pigment cell differentiation. |
| response to alkaline pH | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH > 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. |
| negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid dendritic cell activation. |
| negative regulation of interleukin-3 production | |
| negative regulation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production | |
| negative regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway | |
| adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled bile acid receptor signaling pathway | |
| negative regulation of quinolinate biosynthetic process | |
| picolinic acid biosynthetic process | |
| regulation of 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from L-tryptophan | |
| UDP-glucuronate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-glucuronate, a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. |
| left/right axis specification | The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the left/right axis. The left/right axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral axes. Each side is defined from the viewpoint of the organism rather of the observer (as per anatomical axes). |
| tRNA C5-cytosine methylation | |
| regulation of male germ cell proliferation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male germ cell proliferation. |
| centrosome-templated microtubule nucleation | The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates from the centrosome. |
| aromatic amino acid transport | The directed movement of aromatic amino acids, amino acids with aromatic ring, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| negative regulation of triglyceride storage | |
| cellular response to L-arginine | |
| monounsaturated fatty acid catabolic process | |
| growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development | The progression of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte over time from after its fate commitment to the mature cell. |
| negative regulation of SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent catabolic process | |
| actomyosin contractile ring assembly | The process of assembly of a ring composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis. |
| extracellular exosome biogenesis | |
| regulation of extracellular exosome assembly | |
| serine transport | The directed movement of L-serine, 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| amino acid export across plasma membrane | |
| asparagine transmembrane transport | |
| L-glutamine import across plasma membrane | |
| L-alanine transmembrane transport | |
| rRNA modification | The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an rRNA molecule to produce an rRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically. |
| regulation of proteasome assembly | |
| negative regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway. |
| positive regulation of pre-miRNA processing | |
| nitric oxide catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water. |
| regulation of sperm capacitation | |
| positive regulation of reverse cholesterol transport | |
| CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell. |
| nuclear migration along microfilament | The directed movement of the nucleus along microfilaments within the cell, mediated by motor proteins. |
| negative regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin. |
| L-lysine import across plasma membrane | The directed movement of L-lysine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. |
| L-ornithine import across plasma membrane | The directed movement of L-ornithine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. |
| mitochondrial nucleoid organization | |
| positive regulation of mitochondrial transcription | |
| auditory receptor cell development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an auditory receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. |
| hindlimb morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindlimb are generated and organized. |
| distal tubule development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the distal tubule is a nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the connecting tubule. |
| collecting duct development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct responds to vasopressin and aldosterone to regulate water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. It is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder. |
| positive regulation of immune system process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. |
| regulation of ferroptosis | |
| mannosylation | The covalent attachment of a mannose residue to a substrate molecule. |
| establishment of monopolar cell polarity | The specification and formation of monopolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. Monopolar cell organization is directional organization along an axis. |
| protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum tubular network | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an endoplasmic reticulum tubular network. |
| positive regulation of mast cell activation by Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway | |
| positive regulation of feeding behavior | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior. |
| mannoprotein catabolic process | |
| Golgi vesicle budding | The evagination of the Golgi membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle. |
| asymmetric Golgi ribbon formation | The asymmetric formation of a continuous ribbon of interconnected Golgi stacks of flat cisternae that contributes to the establishment of epithelial cell polarity. |
| GCN2-mediated signaling | |
| protein-RNA covalent cross-linking repair | |
| insulin receptor recycling | The process that results in the return of an insulin receptor to an active state at the plasma membrane. An active state is when the receptor is ready to receive an insulin signal. Internalized insulin receptors can be recycled to the plasma membrane or sorted to lysosomes for protein degradation. |
| protein retention in Golgi apparatus | The retention of proteins within the Golgi apparatus. Golgi-localized carbohydrate-modifying enzymes have a short N-terminal domain that faces the cytosol, a single transmembrane alpha helix, and a large C-terminal domain that faces the Golgi lumen and that contains the catalytic site. How the membrane-spanning alpha helix in a Golgi enzyme causes its localization and prevents its movement to the plasma membrane is not known. |
| positive regulation of early endosome to recycling endosome transport | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of early endosome to recycling endosome transport. |
| negative regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurofibrillary tangle assembly. |
| negative regulation of nucleoside transport | |
| coreceptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell | The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a co-receptor on the host cell surface. |
| establishment of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum | The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process | Any apoptotic process in a type B pancreatic cell, a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin. |
| positive regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation. |
| negative regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation | |
| olfactory placode formation | The formation of a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity. |
| otic placode formation | The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of the vertebrate inner ear. The otic placode forms as a thickening of the head ectoderm adjacent to the developing hindbrain. |
| lens placode formation involved in camera-type eye formation | |
| positive regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of forebrain neuron differentiation. |
| renin secretion into blood stream | The regulated release of renin into the blood stream by juxtoglomerular cells. |
| peptidyl-lysine glutarylation | |
| regulation of bone development | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone development. |
| negative regulation of rRNA processing | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of rRNA processing. |
| positive regulation of ubiquitin-specific protease activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-specific protease (deubiquitinase) activity. |
| leukocyte aggregation | The adhesion of one leukocyte to one or more other leukocytes via adhesion molecules. |
| positive regulation of inhibitory synapse assembly | |
| negative regulation of cell cycle phase transition | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle phase transition. |
| bilirubin transport | |
| nucleotide-excision repair involved in interstrand cross-link repair | Any nucleotide-excision repair that is involved in interstrand cross-link repair. |
| sebaceous gland cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized epidermal cell acquires the specialized features of a sebaceous gland cell. |
| regulation of antimicrobial humoral response | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response. |
| negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 production | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta2. |
| negative regulation of sebum secreting cell proliferation | |
| iodide transmembrane transport | |
| cellular response to Thyroid stimulating hormone | |
| cell-substrate junction organization | |
| ADP metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate. |
| positive regulation of central B cell tolerance induction | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell tolerance induction. |
| glomerular parietal epithelial cell development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular parietal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. |
| ferroptosis | |
| regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway. |
| regulation of monocyte differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation. |
| negative regulation of macrophage apoptotic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage apoptotic process. |
| transcription initiation at RNA polymerase III promoter | |
| regulation of establishment of protein localization to telomere | |
| regulation of telomere capping | |
| positive regulation of microtubule depolymerization | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization. |
| osteoclast maturation | A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an osteoclast cell to attain its fully functional state. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue, and which typically differentiates from monocytes. |
| amino-acid betaine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving any betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid. |
| regulation of homocysteine metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid. |
| 'de novo' L-methionine biosynthetic process | |
| L-methionine salvage | Any process that generates L-methionine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. |
| positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target | |
| positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 production | |
| positive regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity | Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase. |
| riboflavin biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor for the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). |
| axis elongation | The developmental growth that results in the elongation of a line that defines polarity or symmetry in an anatomical structure. |
| regulation of lipid storage | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development. |
| negative regulation of SREBP signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway. |
| regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein. |
| regulation of oxygen metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxygen metabolic process. |
| UDP-xylose transmembrane transport | |
| polyamine deacetylation | |
| spermidine deacetylation | |
| mitochondrial translational elongation | The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis in a mitochondrion. |
| negative regulation of Fas signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Fas signaling pathway. |
| mitochondrial mRNA processing | |
| monosaccharide metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates. They are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides. |
| poly-N-acetyllactosamine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n. |
| CD80 biosynthetic process | |
| CD86 biosynthetic process | |
| positive regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process | |
| GDP-fucose import into Golgi lumen | |
| cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin-like growth factor stimulus. |
| protein localization to cell junction | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cell junction. |
| agmatine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of agmatine ((4-aminobutyl)guanidine, NH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH-C(-NH2)(=NH)). Agmatine is the decarboxylation product of the amino acid arginine and is an intermediate in polyamine biosynthesis. It is synthesized in the brain, stored in synaptic vesicles, accumulated by uptake, released by membrane depolarization, and inactivated by agmatinase. |
| glycolipid translocation | The translocation, or flipping, of glycolipid molecules from one monolayer of a membrane bilayer to the opposite monolayer. |
| vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus | The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi. |
| telomere assembly | A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a telomere at a non-telomeric double-stranded DNA end. A telomere is a terminal region of a linear chromosome that includes telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins. |
| regulation of developmental pigmentation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism. |
| positive regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate. |
| extracellular matrix constituent secretion | The controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell. |
| positive regulation of telomeric DNA binding | |
| protein linear deubiquitination | A protein deubiquitination process in which a linear polymer of ubiquitin, formed by the amino-terminal methionine (M1) of one ubiquitin molecule and by the carboxy-terminal glycine (G76) of the next, is removed from a protein. |
| protein kinase C deactivation | Any process resulting in the inhibition or termination of the activity of protein kinase C. |
| mRNA methylguanosine-cap decapping | |
| regulation of natural killer cell apoptotic process | Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process. |
| mitochondrial RNA modification | Any RNA modification that takes place in mitochondrion. |
| mitotic cytokinesis checkpoint signaling | |
| rRNA pseudouridine synthesis | The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an rRNA molecule. |
| mitochondrial tRNA pseudouridine synthesis | |
| pyrimidine nucleotide transport | The directed movement of a pyrimidine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell. |
| regulation of cardiolipin metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiolipin metabolic process. |
| negative regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion. |
| positive regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to insulin stimulus. |
| sno(s)RNA catabolic process | |
| dITP catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dITP, a deoxyinosine phosphate compound having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position. |
| conversion of methionyl-tRNA to N-formyl-methionyl-tRNA | The modification process that results in the conversion of methionine charged on a tRNA(fMet) to N-formyl-methionine-tRNA(fMet). |
| cholesterol transport involved in cholesterol storage | |
| glycine import into mitochondrion | |
| membrane biogenesis | A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a membrane. |
| regulation of sister chromatid segregation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation. |
| mitochondrial protein processing | The peptide cleavage of mitochondrial proteins, including cleavage contributing to their import. |
| regulation of cristae formation | |
| pyrimidine dimer repair by nucleotide-excision repair | The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T, and C-C dimers by the recognition and removal of the damaged DNA strand from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. |
| regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process. |
| maintenance of nucleus location | |
| protein depropionylation | |
| negative regulation of attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore | |
| negative regulation of cellular response to testosterone stimulus | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to testosterone stimulus. |
| negative regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-lysine acetylation. |
| negative regulation of mitochondrial translation | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion. |
| transport along microtubule | |
| protein linear polyubiquitination | A protein ubiquitination process in which a linear polymer of ubiquitin, formed by the amino-terminal methionine (M1) of one ubiquitin molecule and by the carboxy-terminal glycine (G76) of the next, is added to a protein. |
| meiotic spindle checkpoint signaling | |
| spermine acetylation | The modification of spermine by addition of acetyl groups. |
| putrescine acetylation | The modification of putrescine by addition of acetyl groups. |
| nor-spermidine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane. |
| cellular response to cisplatin | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cisplatin stimulus. |
| cellular response to bleomycin | |
| nucleolar chromatin organization | |
| negative regulation of nuclease activity | Any process that stops or reduces the rate of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids. |
| aminoacyl-tRNA metabolism involved in translational fidelity | |
| tRNA wobble base 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridinylation | |
| regulation of exosomal secretion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exosomal secretion. |
| ESCRT III complex assembly | |
| intracellular mRNA localization | Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. |
| negative regulation of Schwann cell migration | |
| negative regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration | |
| pyridoxal phosphate catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6. |
| positive regulation of lateral attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore | |
| mitotic sister chromatid biorientation | |
| snRNA 3'-end processing | Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an snRNA molecule. |
| L-methionine salvage from methylthioadenosine | |
| mitochondrial magnesium ion transmembrane transport | |
| mitochondrion migration along actin filament | |
| connective tissue development | The progression of a connective tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| branched-chain amino acid transport | The directed movement of branched-chain amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Branched-chain amino acids are amino acids with a branched carbon skeleton without rings. |
| negative regulation of dermatome development | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin. |
| snoRNA guided rRNA pseudouridine synthesis | |
| box H/ACA snoRNP assembly | |
| RNA stabilization | Prevention of degradation of RNA molecules. |
| positive regulation of I-kappaB phosphorylation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB phosphorylation. |
| positive regulation of metallopeptidase activity | |
| regulation of protein deubiquitination | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein deubiquitination. Protein deubiquitination is the removal of one or more ubiquitin groups from a protein. |
| renal sodium ion transport | The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) by the kidney. |
| distal tubule morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of a distal tubule are generated and organized. The distal tubule is a nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the connecting tubule. |
| primary piRNA processing | |
| ER to Golgi ceramide transport | The directed movement of a ceramide from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi. Ceramides are a class of lipid composed of sphingosine linked to a fatty acid. |
| negative regulation of miRNA processing | |
| skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation | The multiplication or reproduction of satellite cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. Satellite cells are quiescent cells that are located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of the muscle fiber, which are the main contributors to postnatal muscle growth. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage. |
| regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development. |
| MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor not relying on the MyD88 adaptor molecule. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response. |
| regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine. |
| regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding. |
| establishment of natural killer cell polarity | The directed orientation of natural killer cell signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient or a contact point with a cell displaying natural killer cell activating ligands. |
| response to chloroquine | |
| vesicle targeting, trans-Golgi to periciliary membrane compartment | |
| autophagosome-dependent secretion | |
| cellular response to radiation | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. |
| negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation. |
| protein localization to postsynapse | |
| protein targeting to Golgi apparatus | |
| regulation of transcriptional start site selection at RNA polymerase II promoter | |
| renal amino acid absorption | |
| heme metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring. |
| intestinal folate absorption | |
| ventral spinal cord interneuron differentiation | The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of ventral spinal cord interneurons. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. |
| positive regulation of intestinal lipid absorption | |
| NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, occurring at the level of an individual cell. |
| regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway. |
| regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid. |
| inositol phosphate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached. |
| regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity | |
| regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production. |
| regulation of interleukin-2 production | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production. |
| fat pad development | The progression of a fat pad from its initial formation to its mature structure. A fat pad is an accumulation of adipose tissue. |
| cellular response to oleic acid | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oleic acid stimulus. |
| regulation of establishment of blood-brain barrier | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of the blood-brain barrier, a selectively permeable structural and functional barrier that exists between the capillaries and the brain. |
| L-methylmalonyl-CoA metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-methylmalonyl-CoA, the L-enantiomer of 2-carboxypropanoyl-CoA. S-methylmalonyl-CoA is an intermediate in the beta oxidation of odd-numbered fatty acids in animals. |
| regulation of fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane | Any process that modulates the binding and fusion of a sperm to the oocyte plasma membrane. |
| regulation of action potential firing rate | |
| negative regulation of sodium ion import across plasma membrane | |
| microglia differentiation | |
| regulation of macrophage differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation. |
| regulation of mesoderm development | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. |
| tRNA 3'-terminal CCA addition | Post-transcriptional addition of the terminal 3' CCA sequence to a tRNA which does not encode this sequence within the primary transcript. CCA addition proceeds by the sequential addition of CTP, CTP, and then ATP to the 3' end of the tRNA, yielding a diphosphate with each nucleotide addition. |
| tRNA surveillance | |
| negative regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint | |
| amino acid import | The directed movement of amino acids into a cell or organelle. |
| regulation of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission. |
| cellular response to arsenite(3-) | |
| ciliary basal body-plasma membrane docking | |
| neurotransmitter receptor transport, endosome to plasma membrane | |
| regulation of terminal button organization | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of terminal button organization. |
| regulation of myeloid cell differentiation | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. |
| regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. |
| regulation of urea metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving urea. |
| positive regulation of phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process | |
| positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate metabolic process. |
| L-phenylalanine catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylalanine, 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid. |
| L-tryptophan catabolic process to indole-3-acetate | |
| positive regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion | |
| ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis | A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a complex containing RNA and proteins. Includes the biosynthesis of the constituent RNA and protein molecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the ribonucleoprotein complex. |
| basal protein localization | Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, basal regions of the cell. |
| regulation of pyruvate kinase activity | |
| regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by atrial natriuretic peptide | The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the signaling molecule atrial natriuretic peptide. |
| peptidyl-serine octanoylation | The octanoylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-octanoyl-L-serine, typical of the protein ghrelin. |
| regulation of Golgi lumen acidification | |
| response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus. |
| intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress | A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to changes in intracellular ion homeostasis, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| gamma-aminobutyrate shunt | |
| regulation of actin filament-based process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton. |
| hindbrain tangential cell migration | The migration of a cell in the hindbrain in which cells move orthogonal to the direction of radial migration. |
| autonomic nervous system development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the autonomic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The autonomic nervous system is composed of neurons that are not under conscious control, and is comprised of two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g. of the gut), and glands. |
| parasympathetic nervous system development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the parasympathetic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre ganglionic fibers from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example: salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia. |
| efferent axon development in a lateral line nerve | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in a lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in any lateral line nerve. |
| retrotrapezoid nucleus neuron differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the retrotrapezoid nucleus. |
| methylglyoxal metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid. |
| regulation of TRAIL production | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of TRAIL production. |
| positive regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine biosynthetic process. |
| positive regulation of L-dopa biosynthetic process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-dopa biosynthetic process. |
| positive regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. |
| cellular response to glyoxal | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glyoxal stimulus. |
| hydrogen peroxide metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA. |
| glycolate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycolate, the anion of hydroxyethanoic acid (glycolic acid). |
| methylglyoxal catabolic process to lactate | |
| guanine deglycation | |
| guanine deglycation, methylglyoxal removal | |
| guanine deglycation, glyoxal removal | |
| cellular detoxification of methylglyoxal | |
| regulation of supramolecular fiber organization | |
| positive regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone. |
| negative regulation of death-inducing signaling complex assembly | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of death-inducing signaling complex assembly. |
| negative regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| glyoxal metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyoxal. |
| nuclear fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change | The breakdown of the nucleus into small membrane-bounded compartments, or blebs, each of which contain compacted DNA. |
| positive regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction. |
| cellular response to mineralocorticoid stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mineralocorticoid stimulus. Mineralocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol and characterized by their similarity to aldosterone. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance. |
| positive regulation of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. |
| termination of mitochondrial transcription | The process in which the synthesis of an RNA molecule using a mitochondrial DNA template is completed. |
| sensory perception of touch | The series of events required for an organism to receive a touch stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. The perception of touch in animals is mediated by mechanoreceptors in the skin and mucous membranes and is the sense by which contact with objects gives evidence as to certain of their qualities. Different types of touch can be perceived (for example, light, coarse, pressure and tickling) and the stimulus may be external or internal (e.g. the feeling of a full stomach). |
| positive regulation of bleb assembly | |
| positive regulation of cardiac conduction | |
| atrioventricular node cell fate commitment | The commitment of cells to atrioventricular (AV) node cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into AV node cells. |
| cell migration involved in coronary vasculogenesis | The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the differentiation of an endothelial cell that will form the blood vessels of the heart. |
| NK T cell proliferation | The expansion of a NK T cell population by cell division. |
| selenocysteine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving selenocysteine, an essential component of glutathione peroxidase and some other proteins. |
| selenocysteine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of selenocysteine, an essential component of glutathione peroxidase and some other proteins. |
| psychomotor behavior | |
| regulation of cytochrome-c oxidase activity | |
| glutamine secretion | |
| histidine transport | The directed movement of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| L-asparagine import across plasma membrane | |
| neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress | |
| regulation of endocannabinoid signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocannabinoid signaling pathway. |
| somatotropin secreting cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a somatotropin secreting cell. A somatotropin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin. |
| prolactin secreting cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a prolactin secreting cell. A prolactin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces prolactin. |
| sulfur amino acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, homocysteine, methionine and selenocysteine. |
| brexanolone metabolic process | |
| negative regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing. |
| positive regulation of dendritic cell dendrite assembly | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell dendrite assembly. |
| positive regulation of protein homooligomerization | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein homooligomerization. |
| response to testosterone | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a testosterone stimulus. |
| negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of epithelial cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time. |
| positive regulation of androgen secretion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion. |
| regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues. |
| pyrimidine nucleobase transmembrane transport | |
| myoblast fate commitment | The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. |
| positive regulation of viral budding via host ESCRT complex | |
| endomitotic cell cycle | A mitotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but spindle formation, nuclear membrane breakdown and nuclear division do not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell. |
| positive regulation of male germ cell proliferation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male germ cell proliferation. |
| ventral midline determination | The regionalization process in which the area where the ventral midline will form is specified. |
| mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephric renal vesicle formation | A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephric renal vesicle. |
| regulation of heart morphogenesis | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart morphogenesis. |
| toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 8. |
| hypothalamus cell migration | The directed movement of a cell into the hypothalamus region of the forebrain. |
| telencephalon cell migration | The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another at least one of which is located in the telencephalon. |
| cell migration in diencephalon | The orderly movement of a cell that will reside in the diencephalon. |
| spongiotrophoblast layer development | The process in which the spongiotrophoblast layer of the placenta progresses from its formation to its mature state. |
| maintenance of protein localization at cell tip | |
| response to interleukin-11 | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-11 stimulus. |
| skeletal muscle hypertrophy | The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size (not length) of individual muscle fibers without cell division. In the case of skeletal muscle cells this happens due to the additional synthesis of sarcomeric proteins and assembly of myofibrils. |
| cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition | |
| positive regulation of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis | |
| response to metformin | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metformin stimulus. |
| galactosylceramide metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group. |
| 9-cis-retinoic acid biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 9-cis-retinoic acid, a metabolically active vitamin A derivative. |
| U6 snRNA 3'-end processing | Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U6 snRNA molecule. |
| regulation of protein K48-linked ubiquitination | |
| regulation of oxidoreductase activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced. |
| regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water. |
| negative regulation of translational initiation by iron | Any process involving iron that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translational initiation. |
| negative regulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin. |
| intestinal iron absorption | |
| positive regulation of iron export across plasma membrane | |
| mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate transmembrane transport | |
| cold-induced thermogenesis | |
| negative regulation of lipid droplet fusion | |
| regulation of excitatory synapse assembly | |
| negative regulation of excitatory synapse assembly | |
| multinuclear osteoclast differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a multinuclear osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue. |
| actin filament branching | The formation of daughter actin filament branches at an angle on the sides of preexisting mother filaments. |
| zinc ion import into secretory vesicle | |
| zinc ion import into zymogen granule | |
| zinc ion import into mitochondrion | |
| sinus venosus morphogenesis | The process in which the sinus venosus is generated and organized. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart. |
| cardioblast anterior-lateral migration | The orderly movement of a cardioblast toward the head and laterally to form the heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. |
| negative regulation of endodermal cell fate specification | Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into an endoderm cell. |
| lateral mesoderm development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| sinoatrial node cell differentiation | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sinoatrial (SA) node cell. SA node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the sinoatrial node. |
| cardioblast migration to the midline involved in heart field formation | The orderly movement of a cardioblast toward the midline to form the heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. |
| positive regulation of hepatocyte differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation. |
| establishment of glial blood-brain barrier | Establishment of the glial barrier between the blood and the brain. The glial cells in the brain are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier. |
| zymogen granule exocytosis | The release of intracellular molecules contained within the zymogen granule by fusion of the granule with the plasma membrane of the oocyte, requiring calcium ions. |
| exon-exon junction complex disassembly | |
| glycolytic process through glucose-6-phosphate | |
| regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening | |
| mitochondria-nucleus signaling pathway | A series of molecular signals that forms a pathway of communication from the mitochondria to the nucleus and initiates cellular changes in response to changes in mitochondrial function. |
| pyrimidine nucleotide import into mitochondrion | |
| regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin transferase activity. |
| embryonic body morphogenesis | The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic soma are generated and organized. |
| negative regulation of neural crest formation | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural crest formation. Neural crest formation is the formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation procedes. |
| negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation. |
| regulation of respiratory system process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a respiratory system process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. |
| positive regulation of renal water transport | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal water transport. |
| negative regulation of renal sodium excretion | Any process that decreases the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time. |
| positive regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction | |
| negative regulation of dopamine secretion | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine. |
| positive regulation of protein localization to phagocytic vesicle | |
| thiamine diphosphate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle. |
| regulation of vesicle fusion | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion. |
| telomere formation via telomerase | The addition of telomeric repeats to a non-telomeric double-stranded DNA end by telomerase. |
| siderophore biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action. |
| lysobisphosphatidic acid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving a lysobisphosphatidic acid. A lysobisphosphatidic acid is a lysophosphatidic acid having the unusual property of a phosphodiester moiety linked to positions sn-1 and sn1' of glycerol; and two additional fatty acids esterified to the glycerol head group. |
| N-terminal peptidyl-glycine methylation | |
| N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation | The methylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N,N-dimethyl-L-proline. |
| N-terminal peptidyl-serine dimethylation | The dimethylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N,N-dimethylserine. |
| N-terminal peptidyl-serine trimethylation | The trimethylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N,N,N-trimethylserine. |
| positive regulation of axon guidance | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon guidance. |
| protein adenylylation | The addition of an adenylyl group (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP) to a protein amino acid. |
| protein deadenylylation | |
| protein localization to nuclear inner membrane | |
| modified amino acid catabolic process | |
| positive regulation of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus | |
| fatty acid elongation, monounsaturated fatty acid | Elongation of a fatty acid chain into which one C-C double bond has been introduced. |
| mitochondrial threonyl-tRNA aminoacylation | The process of coupling threonine to threonyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by threonyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. |
| cap-independent translational initiation | The process where translation initiation recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits in a Cap and 5' end independent fashion before an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate mRNA translation. |
| IRES-dependent translational initiation of linear mRNA | |
| serine import into mitochondrion | |
| positive regulation of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition | |
| maternal mRNA clearance | |
| positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation. |
| negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I. |
| granulocyte migration | The movement of a granulocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body. |
| positive regulation of behavior | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. |
| alveolar primary septum development | The progression of a primary alveolar septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A primary alveolar septum is a specialized epithelium that surrounds the saccule as it forms. |
| ornithine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis. |
| dGMP catabolic process | |
| positive regulation of aldosterone secretion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aldosterone secretion. |
| positive regulation of free ubiquitin chain polymerization | |
| detection of molecule of fungal origin | |
| positive regulation of lymphocyte activation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation. |
| positive regulation of cell maturation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. |
| tRNA-guanine transglycosylation | |
| isopentenyl diphosphate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving isopentenyl diphosphate, an isomer of dimethylallyl diphosphate and the key precursor of all isoprenoids. |
| formate transport | The directed movement of formate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| mannitol transmembrane transport | |
| oxalic acid secretion | The controlled release of oxalic acid, ethanedioic acid, by a cell or a tissue. |
| GDP-L-fucose metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-L-fucose, a substance composed of L-fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate. |
| negative regulation of cell growth involved in contact inhibition | |
| intermicrovillar adhesion | |
| angiotensin-mediated drinking behavior | The drinking behavior that is mediated by the action of angiotensin in the brain. Angiotensin stimulates the brain centers that control thirst. |
| positive regulation of amino acid transport | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| entry receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell | |
| positive regulation of L-proline import across plasma membrane | |
| guanine nucleotide transmembrane transport | |
| purine nucleotide import into lysosome | |
| L-alanine catabolic process, by transamination | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine by transamination. |
| N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine catabolic process | |
| carotenoid metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving carotenoids, tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail. |
| carotene metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving carotenes, hydrocarbon carotenoids. |
| carotene catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carotenes, hydrocarbon carotenoids. |
| xanthophyll catabolic process | |
| lutein catabolic process | |
| lycopene catabolic process | |
| zeaxanthin catabolic process | |
| primary adaptive immune response involving T cells and B cells | |
| negative regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport | |
| ganglioside metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramide oligosaccharides carrying in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic acid residues. |
| response to steroid hormone | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus. |
| negative regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids. |
| negative regulation of sphingolipid biosynthetic process | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of sphingolipid biosynthesis. Sphingolipid biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid). |
| intracellular sphingolipid homeostasis | |
| regulation of protein localization to cell periphery | |
| negative regulation of collagen binding | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collagen binding. |
| negative regulation of ERBB4 signaling pathway | |
| glutathione import into mitochondrion | |
| ligand-independent adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | |
| chitin metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues. |
| natural killer cell activation involved in immune response | The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell resulting from exposure a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. |
| UMP salvage | Any process which produces UMP, uridine monophosphate, from derivatives of it (e.g. cytidine, uridine, cytosine) without de novo synthesis. |
| CTP salvage | Any process which produces cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. |
| NLRP1 inflammasome complex assembly | |
| regulation of grooming behavior | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of grooming behavior. |
| RNA repair | Any process that results in the repair of damaged RNA. |
| positive regulation of pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway | |
| cell migration in hindbrain | The orderly movement of a cell that will reside in the hindbrain. |
| endoplasmic reticulum tubular network maintenance | |
| postsynapse organization | |
| lymphoid lineage cell migration into thymus | |
| leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell | |
| iron ion import across plasma membrane | |
| mitochondrial manganese ion transmembrane transport | |
| motor learning | |
| protein modification by small protein removal | A protein modification process in which one or more covalently attached groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are removed from a target protein. |
| nucleolar large rRNA transcription by RNA polymerase I | |
| D-serine biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. D-serine is often formed by racemization of L-serine. |
| sebaceous gland development | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sebaceous gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| regulation of phosphate transport | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transport. Phosphate transport is the directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| negative regulation of constitutive secretory pathway | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of constitutive secretory pathway. |
| regulation of retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER. |
| negative regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the mitotic metaphase to anaphase transition. |
| regulation of CD40 signaling pathway | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the CD40 signaling pathway. |
| manchette disassembly | |
| meiosis I | The first meiotic nuclear division in which homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two haploid daughter nuclei. |
| positive regulation of DNA recombination | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination. |
| male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division | The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the male gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the male gametes. |
| seminiferous tubule development | The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seminiferous tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Seminiferous tubules are ducts located in the testicles, and are the specific location of meiosis, and the subsequent creation of gametes, namely spermatozoa. |
| development of secondary female sexual characteristics | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the secondary female sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. In female humans, these include growth of axillary and pubic hair, breast development and menstrual periods. Their development occurs in response to sex hormone secretion. |
| gene conversion | A DNA recombination process that results in the unidirectional transfer of genetic material from a donor sequence to a highly homologous acceptor. |
| neural crest cell fate commitment | The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a neural crest cell. |
| negative regulation of iron ion import across plasma membrane | |
| aerobic electron transport chain | A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to oxygen to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient. |
| detection of light stimulus | The series of events in which a light stimulus (in the form of photons) is received and converted into a molecular signal. |
| negative regulation of melanin biosynthetic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin. |
| positive regulation of corticosterone secretion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of corticosterone secretion. |
| negative regulation of intestinal phytosterol absorption | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of phytosterols into the blood by absorption from the small intestine. |
| negative regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the intestine. |
| beta-glucoside catabolic process | |
| positive regulation of exo-alpha-sialidase activity | |
| protein palmitoleylation | The covalent attachment of a palmitoleyl group to a protein. |
| cerebral cortex radial glia-guided migration | |
| platelet alpha granule organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a platelet alpha granule. A platelet alpha granule is a secretory organelle found in blood platelets. |
| mitochondrial FAD transmembrane transport | |
| negative regulation of cell adhesion involved in sprouting angiogenesis | |
| positive regulation of L-glutamine import across plasma membrane | |
| S-methylmethionine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-methyl-methionine (SMM). SMM can be converted to methionine by donating a methyl group to homocysteine, and concurrent operation of this reaction and that mediated by MMT sets up the SMM cycle. |
| diphosphate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving diphosphate, the anion or salt of diphosphoric acid. |
| epididymis development | |
| positive regulation of mesoderm development | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. |
| hypotonic response | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hypotonic environment, i.e. an environment with a lower concentration of solutes than the organism or cell. |
| regulation of defense response to bacterium | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to bacterium. |
| regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production. |
| mitochondrial tRNA modification | The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within a mitochondrial tRNA molecule to produce a mitochondrial tRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically. |
| kinetochore organization | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the kinetochore, a multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules. |
| thiamine diphosphate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle. |
| positive regulation of homophilic cell adhesion | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of homophilic cell adhesion. |
| dipeptide transmembrane transport from lysosomal lumen to cytosol | |
| fructoselysine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructoselysine, a fructose molecule containing a lysine group in place of a hydroxyl group. |
| protein deglycation | |
| negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin | |
| monoatomic cation homeostasis | |
| positive regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription | |
| mitotic G1/S transition checkpoint signaling | |
| positive regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy | |
| negative regulation of exit from mitosis | Any process involved in the inhibition of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity). |
| negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor production | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the appearance of a fibroblast growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. |
| beta-alanine transport | |
| detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception | The series of events in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception. |
| protein-DNA-RNA complex disassembly | |
| tRNA wobble base cytosine methylation | |
| positive regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway. |
| regulation of cardiac cell fate specification | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac cell fate specification. |
| protein stearoylation | |
| autophagosome-endosome fusion | |
| regulation of cytokine activity | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the activity of a molecule that controls the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells. |
| dTTP catabolic process | |
| dCTP catabolic process | |
| positive regulation of collagen catabolic process | |
| N-terminal peptidyl-methionine acetylation | The acetylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-methionine. |
| regulation of response to drug | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to drug. |
| positive regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell differentiation | |
| negative regulation of catecholamine metabolic process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamine. |
| negative regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process | |
| polyprenol catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyprenols, prenols with more than 4 isoprenoid residues, which may be all-trans, or a mixture of cis and trans. |
| miRNA-mediated gene silencing by mRNA destabilization | |
| siRNA-mediated gene silencing by mRNA destabilization | |
| positive regulation of translational termination | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination. |
| riboflavin transport | The directed movement of riboflavin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin, converted in the cell to FMN and FAD, cofactors required for the function of flavoproteins. |
| vitamin A biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid. Animals cannot synthesize vitamin A de novo, but form it through oxidative cleavage of carotenoids. |
| regulation of excitatory synapse pruning | |
| blood vessel endothelial cell delamination | |
| arsonoacetate metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving arsonoacetate, a synthetic, organic compound containing a single arsenic atom. Arsonoacetate and other arsenic containing compounds are used in agricultural applications as animal feed additives, cotton defoliants and post-emergence grass herbicides. |
| deoxynucleotide transport | The directed movement of a deoxynucleotide, a deoxyribonucleoside in ester linkage to phosphate, commonly at the 5' position of deoxyribose, into, out of or within a cell. |
| detection of muramyl dipeptide | The series of events in which a muramyl dipeptide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan. |
| positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation. |
| astral microtubule nucleation | |
| nucleotide transport | The directed movement of a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell. |
| engulfment of target by autophagosome | |
| negative regulation of negative chemotaxis | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical. |
| negative regulation of N-terminal protein palmitoylation | Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of the covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein. |
| extraction of mislocalized protein from ER membrane | |
| wobble position ribose methylation | |
| response to oxygen radical | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen radical stimulus. An oxygen radical is any oxygen species that carries a free electron; examples include hydroxyl radicals and the superoxide anion. |
| B cell adhesion | |
| immune response in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue | |
| heme B biosynthetic process | |
| iron ion export across plasma membrane | |
| regulation of cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell differentiation that contributes to the progression of the placenta over time, from its initial condition to its mature state. |
| cardiolipin metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving cardiolipin, 1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol. |
| metanephric podocyte development | |
| amino-acid betaine transport | The directed movement of betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| L-isoleucine import across plasma membrane | |
| proline import across plasma membrane | |
| positive regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation | |
| negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration | |
| negative regulation of aldosterone secretion | |
| mesenchymal stem cell maintenance involved in nephron morphogenesis | The process in which an organism retains a population of mesenchymal stem cells that contributes to the shaping of a nephron. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells. |
| mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in kidney development | The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state. |
| regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis, the process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules. |
| mesenchymal stem cell proliferation | The multiplication or reproduction of mesenchymal stem cells, resulting in the expansion of a stem cell population. A mesenchymal stem cell, or MSC, is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells. |
| pseudouridine synthesis | The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine within an RNA molecule. This posttranscriptional base modification occurs in tRNA, rRNA, and snRNAs. |
| dopaminergic neuron axon guidance | |
| serotonergic neuron axon guidance | |
| inositol biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms. |
| deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA | Cleavage of the 5'-cap of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that is independent of poly(A) tail shortening. |
| regulation of autophagosome size | |
| spermine transmembrane transport | |
| regulation of ubiquitin-specific protease activity | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of ubiquitin-specific protease activity (deubiquitinase) activity. |
| positive regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway. |
| regulation of timing of anagen | |
| negative regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to ciliary membrane. |
| activation of meiosis involved in egg activation | Any process that starts the inactive process of meiosis in an egg after the egg has been fertilized or physiologically activated. Eggs generally arrest in meiosis and complete the process after activation. |
| negative regulation of monocyte extravasation | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte extravasation. |
| positive regulation of CD24 production | |
| dorsal spinal cord interneuron anterior axon guidance | |
| regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the pentose-phosphate shunt, the process in which glucose is oxidized, coupled to NADPH synthesis. |
| regulation of response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling | |
| positive regulation of hexokinase activity | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hexokinase activity. |
| positive regulation of ERBB3 signaling pathway | |
| negative regulation of vasculogenesis | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis. |
| negative regulation of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway | |
| positive regulation of eye pigmentation | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism. |
| asparagine metabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid. |
| septin ring assembly | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of septins and associated proteins to form an organized structure resembling a ring at the cell cortex. |
| CTP catabolic process | |
| nucleobase-containing small molecule catabolic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide. |
| UTP catabolic process | |
| endothelial cell activation involved in immune response | |
| positive regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development | |
| sphinganine-1-phosphate biosynthetic process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphinganine-1-phosphate, the phosphorylated derivative of D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol. |
| positive regulation of mast cell activation involved in immune response | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation as part of an immune response. |
