| Description | Sets of proteins participating in pathways from HumanCyc |
| Measurement | association by literature curation |
| Association | protein-pathway associations from curated pathways |
| Category | structural or functional annotations |
| Resource | HumanCyc |
| Citation(s) |
|
| Last Updated | 2014 Dec 17 |
| Stats |
|
| API | |
| Script | |
| Downloads |
Attribute Similarity
Gene Attribute
Gene Similarity
286 sets of proteins participating in pathways from the HumanCyc Pathways dataset.
| Gene Set | Description |
|---|---|
| α-tocopherol degradation | |
| taurine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats. |
| sorbitol degradation I | |
| methylglyoxal degradation III | |
| (S)-reticuline biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (S)-reticuline. |
| ubiquinol-10 biosynthesis | |
| tetrahydrobiopterin de novo biosynthesis | |
| urea cycle | The sequence of reactions by which arginine is synthesized from ornithine, then cleaved to yield urea and regenerate ornithine. The overall reaction equation is NH3 + CO2 + aspartate + 3 ATP + 2 H2O = urea + fumarate + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate + AMP + diphosphate. |
| hypusine biosynthesis | The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form hypusine, peptidyl-N6-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine. |
| cholesterol biosynthesis I | |
| UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine biosynthesis II | |
| eumelanin biosynthesis | |
| leukotriene biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid. |
| GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis I (from GDP-D-mannose) | |
| tryptophan degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid. |
| methylglyoxal degradation VI | |
| pyridoxal 5'-phosphate salvage | Any process that generates pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. |
| pentose phosphate pathway | The process in which glucose is oxidized, coupled to NADPH synthesis. Glucose 6-P is oxidized with the formation of carbon dioxide (CO2), ribulose 5-phosphate and reduced NADP; ribulose 5-P then enters a series of reactions interconverting sugar phosphates. The pentose phosphate pathway is a major source of reducing equivalents for biosynthesis reactions and is also important for the conversion of hexoses to pentoses. |
| melatonin degradation II | |
| adenine and adenosine salvage I | |
| CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate. |
| L-glutamine tRNA biosynthesis | |
| purine deoxyribonucleosides salvage | |
| L-serine degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. |
| phosphatidylserine biosynthesis I | |
| thyroid hormone biosynthesis | |
| mRNA capping | |
| BMP Signalling Pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| putrescine biosynthesis II | |
| superpathway of inositol phosphate compounds | |
| phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline. |
| methylthiopropionate biosynthesis | |
| C20 prostanoid biosynthesis | |
| aspartate biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid. |
| fatty acid β-oxidation (peroxisome) | |
| methionine salvage | |
| fatty acid β-oxidation (unsaturated, odd number) | A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on odd-numbered carbons are degraded. In this pathway, a cis-3-enoyl-CoA is generated by the core beta-oxidation pathway, and then converted to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, which can return to the core beta-oxidation pathway for complete degradation. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively). |
| alanine biosynthesis/degradation | |
| folate transformations | |
| D-myo-inositol-5-phosphate metabolism | |
| glycolysis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP. Glycolysis begins with the metabolism of a carbohydrate to generate products that can enter the pathway and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to acetyl-coenzyme A, ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules. |
| glutathione-mediated detoxification | |
| ketogenesis | |
| pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis | |
| N-acetylglucosamine degradation I | |
| geranylgeranyldiphosphate biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate. |
| thioredoxin pathway | |
| retinol biosynthesis | |
| glutaryl-CoA degradation | |
| epoxysqualene biosynthesis | |
| carnosine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the dipeptide beta-alanyl-L-histidine (carnosine). |
| stearate biosynthesis | |
| asparagine degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid. |
| wybutosine biosynthesis | |
| triacylglycerol biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. |
| ethanol degradation IV | |
| pentose phosphate pathway (oxidative branch) | The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which involves the oxidation of glucose 6-P and produces ribulose 5-P, reduced NADP+ and carbon dioxide (CO2). |
| tRNA charging | |
| tyrosine degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid. |
| glutamate biosynthesis/degradation | |
| homocarnosine biosynthesis | |
| superoxide radicals degradation | |
| tRNA splicing | |
| NADH repair | |
| phenylethylamine degradation I | |
| glycogenolysis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. |
| putrescine degradation III | |
| coenzyme A biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester. |
| progesterone biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of progesterone, a steroid hormone produced in the ovary which prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. Also found in plants. |
| mitochondrial L-carnitine shuttle | |
| S-methyl-5-thio-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate degradation | |
| 3-phosphoinositide degradation | |
| 3-phosphoinositide biosynthesis | |
| resolvin D biosynthesis | |
| phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis II | |
| proline biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. |
| superpathway of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside salvage | |
| creatine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of creatine, N-[amino(imino)methyl]-N-methylglycine. Creatine is formed by a process beginning with amidino group transfer from L-arginine to glycine to form guanidinoacetate, followed by methyl group transfer from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to guanidinoacetate; it is then is phosphorylated to form a pool that stores high energy phosphate for the replenishment of ATP during periods of high, or fluctuating energy demand. In animals, most creatine is transported to and used in muscle. |
| 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 biosynthesis | |
| methionine degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. |
| ceramide de novo biosynthesis | |
| UTP and CTP de novo biosynthesis | |
| sulfate activation for sulfonation | |
| mucin core 1 and core 2 O-glycosylation | |
| citrulline-nitric oxide cycle | |
| D-myo-inositol (1,3,4)-trisphosphate biosynthesis | |
| eicosapentaenoate biosynthesis | |
| trehalose degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi. |
| thyroid hormone metabolism II (via conjugation and/or degradation) | |
| glycine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine, aminoethanoic acid. |
| superpathway of cholesterol biosynthesis | |
| cysteine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid. |
| S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine degradation | |
| pyrimidine ribonucleosides salvage I | |
| folate polyglutamylation | |
| sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism | |
| heme biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, from less complex precursors. |
| thio-molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis | |
| diphthamide biosynthesis | |
| D-myo-inositol (1,4,5,6)-tetrakisphosphate biosynthesis | |
| γ-linolenate biosynthesis | |
| tryptophan degradation X (mammalian, via tryptamine) | |
| superpathway of geranylgeranyldiphosphate biosynthesis I (via mevalonate) | |
| formaldehyde oxidation | |
| glutamate removal from folates | |
| lactose degradation III | |
| phenylalanine degradation/tyrosine biosynthesis | |
| oxidized GTP and dGTP detoxification | |
| retinoate biosynthesis I | |
| L-cysteine degradation II | |
| D-myo-inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate biosynthesis | |
| tryptophan degradation to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde | |
| ethanol degradation II | |
| uracil degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA. |
| GABA shunt | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of succinate from glutamate. Also known as GABA (gamma-aminobutyrate) shunt since it channels glutamate into the TCA cycle bypassing two steps of that cycle. There are three enzymes involved in the GABA shunt: glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), GABA aminotransferase (GABA-TA), and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH). These three enzymes acting in concert to convert glutamate into succinate. The GABA shunt is predominantly associated with neurotransmission in the mammalian brain. It is also present in nonneuronal cells, in plants, in unicellular eukaryotes, and in prokaryotes. |
| glutamate dependent acid resistance | |
| flavin biosynthesis | |
| thiamin salvage III | |
| selenocysteine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of selenocysteine, an essential component of glutathione peroxidase and some other proteins. |
| adenosine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis | |
| NAD salvage | Any process that generates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis; salvage is usually from the degradation products nicotinic acid (Na) and nicotinamide (Nam). |
| L-kynurenine degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-kynurenine, the L-enantiomer of the amino acid kynurenine (3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-alanine). |
| protein citrullination | The hydrolysis of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-citrulline. |
| allopregnanolone biosynthesis | |
| threonine degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. |
| acetate conversion to acetyl-CoA | |
| UMP biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UMP, uridine monophosphate. |
| guanosine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis | |
| D-myo-inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate degradation | |
| cysteine biosynthesis/homocysteine degradation (trans-sulfuration) | |
| UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine biosynthesis I | |
| tetrapyrrole biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. |
| superpathway of choline degradation to L-serine | |
| histamine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans. |
| serine and glycine biosynthesis | |
| serotonin degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties. |
| methylglyoxal degradation I | |
| γ-glutamyl cycle | |
| aspirin triggered resolvin E biosynthesis | |
| adenine and adenosine salvage III | |
| dermatan sulfate biosynthesis (late stages) | |
| acyl-CoA hydrolysis | |
| aspirin triggered resolvin D biosynthesis | |
| 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide biosynthesis | |
| glutathione biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins. |
| serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis | |
| cardiolipin biosynthesis | |
| acyl carrier protein metabolism | |
| 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal detoxification | |
| putrescine biosynthesis I | |
| NAD de novo biosynthesis | |
| GDP-mannose biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate. |
| adenine and adenosine salvage II | |
| molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis | |
| L-dopachrome biosynthesis | |
| GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis II (from L-fucose) | |
| heme biosynthesis from uroporphyrinogen-III I | |
| lactate fermentation (reoxidation of cytosolic NADH) | |
| dermatan sulfate degradation (metazoa) | |
| UDP-D-xylose and UDP-D-glucuronate biosynthesis | |
| glutamine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid. |
| superpathway of purine nucleotide salvage | |
| glutathione redox reactions I | |
| guanosine nucleotides degradation | |
| pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides degradation | |
| lysine degradation II (pipecolate pathway) | |
| L-carnitine biosynthesis | |
| androgen biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics. |
| guanine and guanosine salvage | |
| pentose phosphate pathway (non-oxidative branch) | The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which does not involve oxidation reactions. It comprises a series of sugar phosphate interconversions, starting with ribulose 5-P and producing fructose 6-P and glyceraldehyde 3-P. |
| NAD phosphorylation and dephosphorylation | |
| fatty acid activation | |
| sphingomyelin metabolism/ceramide salvage | |
| UTP and CTP dephosphorylation II | |
| L-dopa degradation | |
| iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis | |
| histamine degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans. |
| pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide phosphorylation | |
| glycine/serine biosynthesis | |
| 2'-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate degradation | |
| pyrimidine ribonucleosides degradation | |
| D-mannose degradation | |
| UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis II | |
| creatine-phosphate biosynthesis | |
| purine nucleotides degradation | |
| aspirin-triggered lipoxin biosynthesis | |
| noradrenaline and adrenaline degradation | |
| 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthesis V (from Ins(1,3,4)P3) | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine biosynthesis | |
| serine biosynthesis (phosphorylated route) | |
| UTP and CTP dephosphorylation I | |
| fatty acid β-oxidation | A fatty acid oxidation process that results in the complete oxidation of a long-chain fatty acid. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and occurs by successive cycles of reactions during each of which the fatty acid is shortened by a two-carbon fragment removed as acetyl coenzyme A; the cycle continues until only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively). |
| acetyl-CoA biosynthesis from citrate | |
| CMP phosphorylation | The process of introducing a phosphate group into CMP, cytidine monophosphate, to produce CDP. Addition of two phosphate groups produces CTP. |
| lanosterol biosynthesis | |
| 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde degradation to glutaryl-CoA | |
| 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthesis II (mammalian) | |
| cholesterol biosynthesis III (via desmosterol) | |
| superpathway of methionine degradation | |
| 4-aminobutyrate degradation | |
| thyronamine and iodothyronamine metabolism | |
| spermine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses and involved in nucleic acid packaging. |
| bile acid biosynthesis, neutral pathway | |
| anandamide degradation | |
| thyroid hormone metabolism I (via deiodination) | |
| myo-inositol de novo biosynthesis | |
| glycine cleavage | |
| lipoxin biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a lipoxin. A lipoxin is a non-classic eicosanoid and signalling molecule that has four conjugated double bonds and is derived from arachidonic acid. |
| glycine betaine degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine. |
| dolichol and dolichyl phosphate biosynthesis | |
| pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides biosynthesis from CTP | |
| spermine and spermidine degradation I | |
| dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide biosynthesis | |
| glycerol degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids. |
| phytol degradation | |
| inosine-5'-phosphate biosynthesis | |
| dopamine degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. |
| L-cysteine degradation I | |
| 7-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-wyosine biosynthesis | |
| fatty acid α-oxidation III | |
| cholesterol biosynthesis II (via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol) | |
| zymosterol biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zymosterol, (5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol). |
| histidine degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid. |
| β-alanine degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins. |
| inositol pyrophosphates biosynthesis | |
| sucrose degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside. |
| ascorbate recycling (cytosolic) | |
| GDP-glucose biosynthesis II | |
| PRPP biosynthesis | |
| D-galactose degradation V (Leloir pathway) | |
| urate biosynthesis/inosine 5'-phosphate degradation | |
| terminal O-glycans residues modification | |
| trans, trans-farnesyl diphosphate biosynthesis | |
| glutamine degradation/glutamate biosynthesis | |
| ketolysis | |
| oleate biosynthesis | |
| spermidine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane. |
| the visual cycle I (vertebrates) | |
| guanosine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis | |
| purine deoxyribonucleosides degradation | |
| lysine degradation I (saccharopine pathway) | |
| oxidative ethanol degradation III | |
| 4-hydroxyproline degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline. |
| CMP-N-acetylneuraminate biosynthesis I (eukaryotes) | |
| purine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis | |
| catecholamine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. |
| fructose 2,6-bisphosphate synthesis/dephosphorylation | |
| triacylglycerol degradation | |
| Rapoport-Luebering glycolytic shunt | |
| fatty acid α-oxidation | A metabolic pathway by which 3-methyl branched fatty acids are degraded. These compounds are not degraded by the normal peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway, because the 3-methyl blocks the dehydrogenation of the hydroxyl group by hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. The 3-methyl branched fatty acid is converted in several steps to pristenic acid, which can then feed into the beta-oxidative pathway. |
| tetrahydrofolate salvage from 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate | |
| fatty acid biosynthesis initiation | |
| 4-hydroxybenzoate biosynthesis | |
| purine ribonucleosides degradation to ribose-1-phosphate | |
| sulfite oxidation | |
| heme degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring. |
| gluconeogenesis | The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol. |
| protein O-[N-acetyl]-glucosylation | |
| thiosulfate disproportionation III (rhodanese) | |
| malate-aspartate shuttle | The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise malate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to oxaloacetate using NADH, the oxaloacetate reacts with gluamate to form aspartate, and the aspartate then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle. |
| propionyl-CoA degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propionyl-CoA. |
| D-myo-inositol (3,4,5,6)-tetrakisphosphate biosynthesis | |
| glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle | |
| proline degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. |
| MAP kinase cascade | An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. |
| 2-oxobutanoate degradation | |
| superpathway of pyrimidine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis | |
| NAD biosynthesis from 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde | |
| chondroitin sulfate degradation (metazoa) | |
| ornithine de novo biosynthesis | |
| superpathway of D-myo-inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate metabolism | |
| mevalonate pathway | |
| D-glucuronate degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate. |
| hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis (trans-sulfuration) | |
| adenosine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis | |
| phospholipases | |
| guanosine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis | |
| dTMP de novo biosynthesis (mitochondrial) | |
| retinoate biosynthesis II | |
| asparagine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid. |
| superpathway of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis | |
| N-acetylglucosamine degradation II | |
| pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides salvage | |
| adenosine nucleotides degradation | |
| thymine degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thymine, 5-methyluracil, one of the two major pyrimidine bases present (as thymidine) in DNA but not found in RNA other than (as ribothymidine) in transfer RNA, where it is a minor base. |
| choline degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. |
