| Description | Sets of proteins participating in pathways from HumanCyc |
| Measurement | association by literature curation |
| Association | protein-pathway associations from curated pathways |
| Category | structural or functional annotations |
| Resource | HumanCyc |
| Citation(s) |
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| Last Updated | 2014 Dec 17 |
| Stats |
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| API | |
| Script | |
| Downloads |
Attribute Similarity
Gene Attribute
Gene Similarity
286 sets of proteins participating in pathways from the HumanCyc Pathways dataset.
| Gene Set | Description |
|---|---|
| α-tocopherol degradation | |
| β-alanine degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins. |
| γ-glutamyl cycle | |
| γ-linolenate biosynthesis | |
| (S)-reticuline biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (S)-reticuline. |
| 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 biosynthesis | |
| 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthesis II (mammalian) | |
| 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthesis V (from Ins(1,3,4)P3) | |
| 2'-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate degradation | |
| 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde degradation to glutaryl-CoA | |
| 2-oxobutanoate degradation | |
| 3-phosphoinositide biosynthesis | |
| 3-phosphoinositide degradation | |
| 4-aminobutyrate degradation | |
| 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal detoxification | |
| 4-hydroxybenzoate biosynthesis | |
| 4-hydroxyproline degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline. |
| 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide biosynthesis | |
| 7-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-wyosine biosynthesis | |
| acetate conversion to acetyl-CoA | |
| acetyl-CoA biosynthesis from citrate | |
| acyl carrier protein metabolism | |
| acyl-CoA hydrolysis | |
| adenine and adenosine salvage I | |
| adenine and adenosine salvage II | |
| adenine and adenosine salvage III | |
| adenosine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis | |
| adenosine nucleotides degradation | |
| adenosine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis | |
| alanine biosynthesis/degradation | |
| allopregnanolone biosynthesis | |
| anandamide degradation | |
| androgen biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics. |
| ascorbate recycling (cytosolic) | |
| asparagine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid. |
| asparagine degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid. |
| aspartate biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid. |
| aspirin triggered resolvin D biosynthesis | |
| aspirin triggered resolvin E biosynthesis | |
| aspirin-triggered lipoxin biosynthesis | |
| bile acid biosynthesis, neutral pathway | |
| BMP Signalling Pathway | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| C20 prostanoid biosynthesis | |
| cardiolipin biosynthesis | |
| carnosine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the dipeptide beta-alanyl-L-histidine (carnosine). |
| catecholamine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. |
| CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate. |
| ceramide de novo biosynthesis | |
| cholesterol biosynthesis I | |
| cholesterol biosynthesis II (via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol) | |
| cholesterol biosynthesis III (via desmosterol) | |
| choline degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. |
| chondroitin sulfate degradation (metazoa) | |
| citrulline-nitric oxide cycle | |
| CMP phosphorylation | The process of introducing a phosphate group into CMP, cytidine monophosphate, to produce CDP. Addition of two phosphate groups produces CTP. |
| CMP-N-acetylneuraminate biosynthesis I (eukaryotes) | |
| coenzyme A biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester. |
| creatine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of creatine, N-[amino(imino)methyl]-N-methylglycine. Creatine is formed by a process beginning with amidino group transfer from L-arginine to glycine to form guanidinoacetate, followed by methyl group transfer from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to guanidinoacetate; it is then is phosphorylated to form a pool that stores high energy phosphate for the replenishment of ATP during periods of high, or fluctuating energy demand. In animals, most creatine is transported to and used in muscle. |
| creatine-phosphate biosynthesis | |
| cysteine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid. |
| cysteine biosynthesis/homocysteine degradation (trans-sulfuration) | |
| D-galactose degradation V (Leloir pathway) | |
| D-glucuronate degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate. |
| D-mannose degradation | |
| D-myo-inositol (1,3,4)-trisphosphate biosynthesis | |
| D-myo-inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate biosynthesis | |
| D-myo-inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate degradation | |
| D-myo-inositol (1,4,5,6)-tetrakisphosphate biosynthesis | |
| D-myo-inositol (3,4,5,6)-tetrakisphosphate biosynthesis | |
| D-myo-inositol-5-phosphate metabolism | |
| dermatan sulfate biosynthesis (late stages) | |
| dermatan sulfate degradation (metazoa) | |
| diphthamide biosynthesis | |
| dolichol and dolichyl phosphate biosynthesis | |
| dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide biosynthesis | |
| dopamine degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. |
| dTMP de novo biosynthesis (mitochondrial) | |
| eicosapentaenoate biosynthesis | |
| epoxysqualene biosynthesis | |
| ethanol degradation II | |
| ethanol degradation IV | |
| eumelanin biosynthesis | |
| fatty acid α-oxidation | A metabolic pathway by which 3-methyl branched fatty acids are degraded. These compounds are not degraded by the normal peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway, because the 3-methyl blocks the dehydrogenation of the hydroxyl group by hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. The 3-methyl branched fatty acid is converted in several steps to pristenic acid, which can then feed into the beta-oxidative pathway. |
| fatty acid α-oxidation III | |
| fatty acid β-oxidation | A fatty acid oxidation process that results in the complete oxidation of a long-chain fatty acid. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and occurs by successive cycles of reactions during each of which the fatty acid is shortened by a two-carbon fragment removed as acetyl coenzyme A; the cycle continues until only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively). |
| fatty acid β-oxidation (peroxisome) | |
| fatty acid β-oxidation (unsaturated, odd number) | A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on odd-numbered carbons are degraded. In this pathway, a cis-3-enoyl-CoA is generated by the core beta-oxidation pathway, and then converted to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, which can return to the core beta-oxidation pathway for complete degradation. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively). |
| fatty acid activation | |
| fatty acid biosynthesis initiation | |
| flavin biosynthesis | |
| folate polyglutamylation | |
| folate transformations | |
| formaldehyde oxidation | |
| fructose 2,6-bisphosphate synthesis/dephosphorylation | |
| GABA shunt | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of succinate from glutamate. Also known as GABA (gamma-aminobutyrate) shunt since it channels glutamate into the TCA cycle bypassing two steps of that cycle. There are three enzymes involved in the GABA shunt: glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), GABA aminotransferase (GABA-TA), and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH). These three enzymes acting in concert to convert glutamate into succinate. The GABA shunt is predominantly associated with neurotransmission in the mammalian brain. It is also present in nonneuronal cells, in plants, in unicellular eukaryotes, and in prokaryotes. |
| GDP-glucose biosynthesis II | |
| GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis I (from GDP-D-mannose) | |
| GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis II (from L-fucose) | |
| GDP-mannose biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate. |
| geranylgeranyldiphosphate biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate. |
| gluconeogenesis | The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol. |
| glutamate biosynthesis/degradation | |
| glutamate dependent acid resistance | |
| glutamate removal from folates | |
| glutamine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid. |
| glutamine degradation/glutamate biosynthesis | |
| glutaryl-CoA degradation | |
| glutathione biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins. |
| glutathione redox reactions I | |
| glutathione-mediated detoxification | |
| glycerol degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids. |
| glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle | |
| glycine betaine degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine. |
| glycine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine, aminoethanoic acid. |
| glycine cleavage | |
| glycine/serine biosynthesis | |
| glycogenolysis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. |
| glycolysis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP. Glycolysis begins with the metabolism of a carbohydrate to generate products that can enter the pathway and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to acetyl-coenzyme A, ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules. |
| guanine and guanosine salvage | |
| guanosine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis | |
| guanosine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis | |
| guanosine nucleotides degradation | |
| guanosine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis | |
| heme biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, from less complex precursors. |
| heme biosynthesis from uroporphyrinogen-III I | |
| heme degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring. |
| histamine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans. |
| histamine degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans. |
| histidine degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid. |
| homocarnosine biosynthesis | |
| hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis (trans-sulfuration) | |
| hypusine biosynthesis | The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form hypusine, peptidyl-N6-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine. |
| inosine-5'-phosphate biosynthesis | |
| inositol pyrophosphates biosynthesis | |
| iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis | |
| ketogenesis | |
| ketolysis | |
| L-carnitine biosynthesis | |
| L-cysteine degradation I | |
| L-cysteine degradation II | |
| L-dopa degradation | |
| L-dopachrome biosynthesis | |
| L-glutamine tRNA biosynthesis | |
| L-kynurenine degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-kynurenine, the L-enantiomer of the amino acid kynurenine (3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-alanine). |
| L-serine degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. |
| lactate fermentation (reoxidation of cytosolic NADH) | |
| lactose degradation III | |
| lanosterol biosynthesis | |
| leukotriene biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid. |
| lipoxin biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a lipoxin. A lipoxin is a non-classic eicosanoid and signalling molecule that has four conjugated double bonds and is derived from arachidonic acid. |
| lysine degradation I (saccharopine pathway) | |
| lysine degradation II (pipecolate pathway) | |
| malate-aspartate shuttle | The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise malate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to oxaloacetate using NADH, the oxaloacetate reacts with gluamate to form aspartate, and the aspartate then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle. |
| MAP kinase cascade | An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. |
| melatonin degradation II | |
| methionine degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. |
| methionine salvage | |
| methylglyoxal degradation I | |
| methylglyoxal degradation III | |
| methylglyoxal degradation VI | |
| methylthiopropionate biosynthesis | |
| mevalonate pathway | |
| mitochondrial L-carnitine shuttle | |
| molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis | |
| mRNA capping | |
| mucin core 1 and core 2 O-glycosylation | |
| myo-inositol de novo biosynthesis | |
| N-acetylglucosamine degradation I | |
| N-acetylglucosamine degradation II | |
| NAD biosynthesis from 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde | |
| NAD de novo biosynthesis | |
| NAD phosphorylation and dephosphorylation | |
| NAD salvage | Any process that generates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis; salvage is usually from the degradation products nicotinic acid (Na) and nicotinamide (Nam). |
| NADH repair | |
| noradrenaline and adrenaline degradation | |
| oleate biosynthesis | |
| ornithine de novo biosynthesis | |
| oxidative ethanol degradation III | |
| oxidized GTP and dGTP detoxification | |
| pentose phosphate pathway | The process in which glucose is oxidized, coupled to NADPH synthesis. Glucose 6-P is oxidized with the formation of carbon dioxide (CO2), ribulose 5-phosphate and reduced NADP; ribulose 5-P then enters a series of reactions interconverting sugar phosphates. The pentose phosphate pathway is a major source of reducing equivalents for biosynthesis reactions and is also important for the conversion of hexoses to pentoses. |
| pentose phosphate pathway (non-oxidative branch) | The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which does not involve oxidation reactions. It comprises a series of sugar phosphate interconversions, starting with ribulose 5-P and producing fructose 6-P and glyceraldehyde 3-P. |
| pentose phosphate pathway (oxidative branch) | The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which involves the oxidation of glucose 6-P and produces ribulose 5-P, reduced NADP+ and carbon dioxide (CO2). |
| phenylalanine degradation/tyrosine biosynthesis | |
| phenylethylamine degradation I | |
| phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline. |
| phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis II | |
| phosphatidylserine biosynthesis I | |
| phospholipases | |
| phytol degradation | |
| progesterone biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of progesterone, a steroid hormone produced in the ovary which prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. Also found in plants. |
| proline biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. |
| proline degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. |
| propionyl-CoA degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propionyl-CoA. |
| protein citrullination | The hydrolysis of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-citrulline. |
| protein O-[N-acetyl]-glucosylation | |
| PRPP biosynthesis | |
| purine deoxyribonucleosides degradation | |
| purine deoxyribonucleosides salvage | |
| purine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis | |
| purine nucleotides degradation | |
| purine ribonucleosides degradation to ribose-1-phosphate | |
| putrescine biosynthesis I | |
| putrescine biosynthesis II | |
| putrescine degradation III | |
| pyridoxal 5'-phosphate salvage | Any process that generates pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. |
| pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides degradation | |
| pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides salvage | |
| pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide phosphorylation | |
| pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides biosynthesis from CTP | |
| pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis | |
| pyrimidine ribonucleosides degradation | |
| pyrimidine ribonucleosides salvage I | |
| Rapoport-Luebering glycolytic shunt | |
| resolvin D biosynthesis | |
| retinoate biosynthesis I | |
| retinoate biosynthesis II | |
| retinol biosynthesis | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine biosynthesis | |
| S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine degradation | |
| S-methyl-5-thio-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate degradation | |
| selenocysteine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of selenocysteine, an essential component of glutathione peroxidase and some other proteins. |
| serine and glycine biosynthesis | |
| serine biosynthesis (phosphorylated route) | |
| serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis | |
| serotonin degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties. |
| sorbitol degradation I | |
| spermidine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane. |
| spermine and spermidine degradation I | |
| spermine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses and involved in nucleic acid packaging. |
| sphingomyelin metabolism/ceramide salvage | |
| sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism | |
| stearate biosynthesis | |
| sucrose degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside. |
| sulfate activation for sulfonation | |
| sulfite oxidation | |
| superoxide radicals degradation | |
| superpathway of cholesterol biosynthesis | |
| superpathway of choline degradation to L-serine | |
| superpathway of D-myo-inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate metabolism | |
| superpathway of geranylgeranyldiphosphate biosynthesis I (via mevalonate) | |
| superpathway of inositol phosphate compounds | |
| superpathway of methionine degradation | |
| superpathway of purine nucleotide salvage | |
| superpathway of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside salvage | |
| superpathway of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis | |
| superpathway of pyrimidine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis | |
| taurine biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats. |
| terminal O-glycans residues modification | |
| tetrahydrobiopterin de novo biosynthesis | |
| tetrahydrofolate salvage from 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate | |
| tetrapyrrole biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. |
| the visual cycle I (vertebrates) | |
| thiamin salvage III | |
| thio-molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis | |
| thioredoxin pathway | |
| thiosulfate disproportionation III (rhodanese) | |
| threonine degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. |
| thymine degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thymine, 5-methyluracil, one of the two major pyrimidine bases present (as thymidine) in DNA but not found in RNA other than (as ribothymidine) in transfer RNA, where it is a minor base. |
| thyroid hormone biosynthesis | |
| thyroid hormone metabolism I (via deiodination) | |
| thyroid hormone metabolism II (via conjugation and/or degradation) | |
| thyronamine and iodothyronamine metabolism | |
| trans, trans-farnesyl diphosphate biosynthesis | |
| trehalose degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi. |
| triacylglycerol biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. |
| triacylglycerol degradation | |
| tRNA charging | |
| tRNA splicing | |
| tryptophan degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid. |
| tryptophan degradation to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde | |
| tryptophan degradation X (mammalian, via tryptamine) | |
| tyrosine degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid. |
| ubiquinol-10 biosynthesis | |
| UDP-D-xylose and UDP-D-glucuronate biosynthesis | |
| UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine biosynthesis I | |
| UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine biosynthesis II | |
| UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis II | |
| UMP biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UMP, uridine monophosphate. |
| uracil degradation | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA. |
| urate biosynthesis/inosine 5'-phosphate degradation | |
| urea cycle | The sequence of reactions by which arginine is synthesized from ornithine, then cleaved to yield urea and regenerate ornithine. The overall reaction equation is NH3 + CO2 + aspartate + 3 ATP + 2 H2O = urea + fumarate + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate + AMP + diphosphate. |
| UTP and CTP de novo biosynthesis | |
| UTP and CTP dephosphorylation I | |
| UTP and CTP dephosphorylation II | |
| wybutosine biosynthesis | |
| zymosterol biosynthesis | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zymosterol, (5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol). |
