| Description | Protein-protein interactions from low-throughput or high-throughput studies aggregated by Pathway Commons from the following databases: Reactome, NCI Pathways, PhosphoSite, HumanCyc, HPRD, PANTHER, DIP, BioGRID, IntAct, BIND, Transfac, MiRTarBase, Drugbank, Recon X, Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, and KEGG |
| Measurement | association by data aggregation |
| Association | protein-protein associations from low-throughput or high-throughput protein-protein interaction data |
| Category | physical interactions |
| Resource | Pathway Commons |
| Last Updated | Mon Apr 06 00:00:00 UTC 2015 |
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Attribute Similarity
Gene Attribute
Gene Similarity
15747 sets of interacting proteins for proteins from the Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions dataset.
| Gene Set | Description |
|---|---|
| RNF14 | ring finger protein 14|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING zinc finger, a motif known to be involved in protein-protein interactions. This protein interacts with androgen receptor (AR) and may function as a coactivator that induces AR target gene expression in prostate. A dominant negative mutant of this gene has been demonstrated to inhibit the AR-mediated growth of prostate cancer. This protein also interacts with class III ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) and may act as a ubiquitin-ligase (E3) in the ubiquitination of certain nuclear proteins. Six alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding two distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| UBE2Q1 | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2Q family member 1|The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1s), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s), and ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s). This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. The encoded protein is 98% identical to the mouse counterpart. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UBE2Q2 | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2Q family member 2| |
| RNF10 | ring finger protein 10|The protein encoded by this gene contains a ring finger motif, which is known to be involved in protein-protein interactions. The specific function of this protein has not yet been determined. EST data suggests the existence of multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants, however, their full length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNF11 | ring finger protein 11|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING-H2 finger motif, which is known to be important for protein-protein interactions. The expression of this gene has been shown to be induced by mutant RET proteins (MEN2A/MEN2B). The germline mutations in RET gene are known to be responsible for the development of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNF13 | ring finger protein 13|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING zinc finger, a motif known to be involved in protein-protein interactions. The specific function of this gene has not yet been determined. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode the same protein have been reported. A pseudogene, which is also located on chromosome 3, has been defined for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| REM1 | RAS (RAD and GEM)-like GTP-binding 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a GTPase and member of the RAS-like GTP-binding protein family. The encoded protein is expressed in endothelial cells, where it promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and morphological changes in the cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| REM2 | RAS (RAD and GEM)-like GTP binding 2| |
| C16orf13 | chromosome 16 open reading frame 13| |
| UCHL5 | ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L5| |
| RNF17 | ring finger protein 17|This gene is similar to a mouse gene that encodes a testis-specific protein containing a RING finger domain. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| MZT2A | mitotic spindle organizing protein 2A| |
| MZT2B | mitotic spindle organizing protein 2B| |
| ATRX | alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked|The protein encoded by this gene contains an ATPase/helicase domain, and thus it belongs to the SWI/SNF family of chromatin remodeling proteins. This protein is found to undergo cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation, which regulates its nuclear matrix and chromatin association, and suggests its involvement in the gene regulation at interphase and chromosomal segregation in mitosis. Mutations in this gene are associated with an X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) syndrome most often accompanied by alpha-thalassemia (ATRX) syndrome. These mutations have been shown to cause diverse changes in the pattern of DNA methylation, which may provide a link between chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, and gene expression in developmental processes. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| PMM2 | phosphomannomutase 2|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the isomerization of mannose 6-phosphate to mannose 1-phosphate, which is a precursor to GDP-mannose necessary for the synthesis of dolichol-P-oligosaccharides. Mutations in this gene have been shown to cause defects in glycoprotein biosynthesis, which manifests as carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type I. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PMM1 | phosphomannomutase 1|Phosphomannomutase catalyzes the conversion between D-mannose 6-phosphate and D-mannose 1-phosphate which is a substrate for GDP-mannose synthesis. GDP-mannose is used for synthesis of dolichol-phosphate-mannose, which is essential for N-linked glycosylation and thus the secretion of several glycoproteins as well as for the synthesis of glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI) anchored proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ASS1 | argininosuccinate synthase 1|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the penultimate step of the arginine biosynthetic pathway. There are approximately 10 to 14 copies of this gene including the pseudogenes scattered across the human genome, among which the one located on chromosome 9 appears to be the only functional gene for argininosuccinate synthetase. Mutations in the chromosome 9 copy of this gene cause citrullinemia. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| NCBP1 | nuclear cap binding protein subunit 1, 80kDa|The product of this gene is a component of the nuclear cap-binding protein complex (CBC), which binds to the monomethylated 5' cap of nascent pre-mRNA in the nucleoplasm. The encoded protein promotes high-affinity mRNA-cap binding and associates with the CTD of RNA polymerase II. The CBC promotes pre-mRNA splicing, 3'-end processing, RNA nuclear export, and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF709 | zinc finger protein 709| |
| ZNF708 | zinc finger protein 708| |
| ZNF879 | zinc finger protein 879| |
| ZNF878 | zinc finger protein 878| |
| CBX3 | chromobox homolog 3|At the nuclear envelope, the nuclear lamina and heterochromatin are adjacent to the inner nuclear membrane. The protein encoded by this gene binds DNA and is a component of heterochromatin. This protein also can bind lamin B receptor, an integral membrane protein found in the inner nuclear membrane. The dual binding functions of the encoded protein may explain the association of heterochromatin with the inner nuclear membrane. This protein binds histone H3 tails methylated at Lys-9 sites. This protein is also recruited to sites of ultraviolet-induced DNA damage and double-strand breaks. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein but differing in the 5' UTR, have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| NID2 | nidogen 2 (osteonidogen)|This gene encodes a member of the nidogen family of basement membrane proteins. This protein is a cell-adhesion protein that binds collagens I and IV and laminin and may be involved in maintaining the structure of the basement membrane.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| CAMK1 | calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I|Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I is expressed in many tissues and is a component of a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase cascade. Calcium/calmodulin directly activates calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I by binding to the enzyme and indirectly promotes the phosphorylation and synergistic activation of the enzyme by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I kinase. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF701 | zinc finger protein 701| |
| ZNF700 | zinc finger protein 700| |
| ZNF707 | zinc finger protein 707| |
| ZNF706 | zinc finger protein 706| |
| ZC3H10 | zinc finger CCCH-type containing 10| |
| RNF114 | ring finger protein 114| |
| RNF115 | ring finger protein 115| |
| RNF112 | ring finger protein 112|This gene encodes a member of the RING finger protein family of transcription factors. The protein is primarily expressed in brain. The gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZC3H14 | zinc finger CCCH-type containing 14|ZC3H14 belongs to a family of poly(A)-binding proteins that influence gene expression by regulating mRNA stability, nuclear export, and translation (Kelly et al., 2007 [PubMed 17630287]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2010] |
| SPN | sialophorin|The protein encoded by this gene is a major sialoglycoprotein found on the surface of thymocytes, T lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, and some B lymphocytes. It may be part of a physiologic ligand-receptor complex involved in T-cell activation. During T-cell activation, this protein is actively removed from the T-cell-APC (antigen-presenting cell) contact site, suggesting a negative regulatory role in adaptive immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| RNF111 | ring finger protein 111|The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear RING-domain containing E3 ubiquitin ligase. This protein interacts with the transforming growth factor (TGF) -beta/NODAL signaling pathway by promoting the ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation of negative regulators, like SMAD proteins, and thereby enhances TGF-beta target-gene transcription. As a modulator of the nodal signaling cascade, this gene plays a critical role in the induction of mesoderm during embryonic development. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| NACAP1 | nascent-polypeptide-associated complex alpha polypeptide pseudogene 1| |
| ZC3H18 | zinc finger CCCH-type containing 18| |
| GRIN1 | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a critical subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, members of the glutamate receptor channel superfamily which are heteromeric protein complexes with multiple subunits arranged to form a ligand-gated ion channel. These subunits play a key role in the plasticity of synapses, which is believed to underlie memory and learning. Cell-specific factors are thought to control expression of different isoforms, possibly contributing to the functional diversity of the subunits. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DHX8 | DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box polypeptide 8|This gene is a member of the DEAH box polypeptide family. The encoded protein contains the DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) motif which is characteristic of all DEAH box proteins, and is thought to function as an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that regulates the release of spliced mRNAs from spliceosomes prior to their export from the nucleus. This protein may be required for the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| DHX9 | DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box helicase 9|This gene encodes a member of the DEAH-containing family of RNA helicases. The encoded protein is an enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent unwinding of double-stranded RNA and DNA-RNA complexes. This protein localizes to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm and functions as a transcriptional regulator. This protein may also be involved in the expression and nuclear export of retroviral RNAs. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 11 and 13.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| TCOF1 | Treacher Collins-Franceschetti syndrome 1|This gene encodes a nucleolar protein with a LIS1 homology domain. The protein is involved in ribosomal DNA gene transcription through its interaction with upstream binding factor (UBF). Mutations in this gene have been associated with Treacher Collins syndrome, a disorder which includes abnormal craniofacial development. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| NSRP1 | nuclear speckle splicing regulatory protein 1| |
| NUP98 | nucleoporin 98kDa|Signal-mediated nuclear import and export proceed through the nuclear pore complex (NPC), which is comprised of approximately 50 unique proteins collectively known as nucleoporins. The 98 kDa nucleoporin is generated through a biogenesis pathway that involves synthesis and proteolytic cleavage of a 186 kDa precursor protein. This cleavage results in the 98 kDa nucleoporin as well as a 96 kDa nucleoporin, both of which are localized to the nucleoplasmic side of the NPC. Rat studies show that the 98 kDa nucleoporin functions as one of several docking site nucleoporins of transport substrates. The human gene has been shown to fuse to several genes following chromosome translocations in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL). This gene is one of several genes located in the imprinted gene domain of 11p15.5, an important tumor-suppressor gene region. Alterations in this region have been associated with the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, and lung, ovarian, and breast cancer. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants; however, not all variants have been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| XPC | xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group C|This gene encodes a component of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. There are multiple components involved in the NER pathway, including Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) A-G and V, Cockayne syndrome (CS) A and B, and trichothiodystrophy (TTD) group A, etc. This component, XPC, plays an important role in the early steps of global genome NER, especially in damage recognition, open complex formation, and repair protein complex formation. Mutations in this gene or some other NER components result in Xeroderma pigmentosum, a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by increased sensitivity to sunlight with the development of carcinomas at an early age. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| SP1 | Sp1 transcription factor|The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcription factor that binds to GC-rich motifs of many promoters. The encoded protein is involved in many cellular processes, including cell differentiation, cell growth, apoptosis, immune responses, response to DNA damage, and chromatin remodeling. Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, and proteolytic processing significantly affect the activity of this protein, which can be an activator or a repressor. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| SP2 | Sp2 transcription factor|This gene encodes a member of the Sp subfamily of Sp/XKLF transcription factors. Sp family proteins are sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins characterized by an amino-terminal trans-activation domain and three carboxy-terminal zinc finger motifs. This protein contains the least conserved DNA-binding domain within the Sp subfamily of proteins, and its DNA sequence specificity differs from the other Sp proteins. It localizes primarily within subnuclear foci associated with the nuclear matrix, and can activate or in some cases repress expression from different promoters. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SP3 | Sp3 transcription factor|This gene belongs to a family of Sp1 related genes that encode transcription factors that regulate transcription by binding to consensus GC- and GT-box regulatory elements in target genes. This protein contains a zinc finger DNA-binding domain and several transactivation domains, and has been reported to function as a bifunctional transcription factor that either stimulates or represses the transcription of numerous genes. Transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene, and one has been reported to initiate translation from a non-AUG (AUA) start codon. Additional isoforms, resulting from the use of alternate downstream translation initiation sites, have also been noted. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 13. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| SP4 | Sp4 transcription factor| |
| SP5 | Sp5 transcription factor| |
| SP7 | Sp7 transcription factor|This gene encodes a member of the Sp subfamily of Sp/XKLF transcription factors. Sp family proteins are sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins characterized by an amino-terminal trans-activation domain and three carboxy-terminal zinc finger motifs. This protein is a bone specific transcription factor and is required for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| SPPL3 | signal peptide peptidase like 3| |
| GOLIM4 | golgi integral membrane protein 4|The Golgi complex plays a key role in the sorting and modification of proteins exported from the endoplasmic reticulum. The protein encoded by this gene is a type II Golgi-resident protein. It may process proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and assist in the transport of protein cargo through the Golgi apparatus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OPA3 | optic atrophy 3 (autosomal recessive, with chorea and spastic paraplegia)|The mouse ortholog of this protein co-purifies with the mitochondrial inner membrane. Mutations in this gene have been shown to result in 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type III and autosomal dominant optic atrophy and cataract. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| OPA1 | optic atrophy 1 (autosomal dominant)|This gene product is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein with similarity to dynamin-related GTPases. It is a component of the mitochondrial network. Mutations in this gene have been associated with optic atrophy type 1, which is a dominantly inherited optic neuropathy resulting in progressive loss of visual acuity, leading in many cases to legal blindness. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| RHEB | Ras homolog enriched in brain|This gene is a member of the small GTPase superfamily and encodes a lipid-anchored, cell membrane protein with five repeats of the RAS-related GTP-binding region. This protein is vital in regulation of growth and cell cycle progression due to its role in the insulin/TOR/S6K signaling pathway. The protein has GTPase activity and shuttles between a GDP-bound form and a GTP-bound form, and farnesylation of the protein is required for this activity. Three pseudogenes have been mapped, two on chromosome 10 and one on chromosome 22. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAB40C | RAB40C, member RAS oncogene family| |
| RAB40B | RAB40B, member RAS oncogene family|The protein encoded by this gene has similarity to a yeast protein which suggests a role of the gene product in regulating secretory vesicles. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAB40A | RAB40A, member RAS oncogene family|This gene encodes a member of the Rab40 subfamily of Rab small GTP-binding proteins that contains a C-terminal suppressors of cytokine signaling box. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| COL7A1 | collagen, type VII, alpha 1|This gene encodes the alpha chain of type VII collagen. The type VII collagen fibril, composed of three identical alpha collagen chains, is restricted to the basement zone beneath stratified squamous epithelia. It functions as an anchoring fibril between the external epithelia and the underlying stroma. Mutations in this gene are associated with all forms of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. In the absence of mutations, however, an acquired form of this disease can result from an autoimmune response made to type VII collagen. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GTSE1 | G-2 and S-phase expressed 1|The protein encoded by this gene is only expressed in the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, where it colocalizes with cytoplasmic tubulin and microtubules. In response to DNA damage, the encoded protein accumulates in the nucleus and binds the tumor suppressor protein p53, shuttling it out of the nucleus and repressing its ability to induce apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARFRP1 | ADP-ribosylation factor related protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane-associated GTP-ase which localizes to the plasma membrane and is related to the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) and ARF-like (ARL) proteins. This gene plays a role in membrane trafficking between the trans-Golgi network and endosomes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| WIF1 | WNT inhibitory factor 1|The protein encoded by this gene functions to inhibit WNT proteins, which are extracellular signaling molecules that play a role in embryonic development. This protein contains a WNT inhibitory factor (WIF) domain and five epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains, and is thought to be involved in mesoderm segmentation. This gene functions as a tumor suppressor gene, and has been found to be epigenetically silenced in various cancers. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| PSAP | prosaposin|This gene encodes a highly conserved glycoprotein which is a precursor for 4 cleavage products: saposins A, B, C, and D. Each domain of the precursor protein is approximately 80 amino acid residues long with nearly identical placement of cysteine residues and glycosylation sites. Saposins A-D localize primarily to the lysosomal compartment where they facilitate the catabolism of glycosphingolipids with short oligosaccharide groups. The precursor protein exists both as a secretory protein and as an integral membrane protein and has neurotrophic activities. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Gaucher disease, Tay-Sachs disease, and metachromatic leukodystrophy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPPL2A | signal peptide peptidase like 2A|This gene encodes a member of the GXGD family of aspartic proteases, which are transmembrane proteins with two conserved catalytic motifs localized within the membrane-spanning regions, as well as a member of the signal peptide peptidase-like protease (SPPL) family. This protein is expressed in all major adult human tissues and localizes to late endosomal compartments and lysosomal membranes. A pseudogene of this gene also lies on chromosome 15. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| SPPL2B | signal peptide peptidase like 2B|This gene encodes a member of the GXGD family of aspartic proteases. The GXGD proteases are transmembrane proteins with two conserved catalytic motifs localized within the membrane-spanning regions. This enzyme localizes to endosomes, lysosomes, and the plasma membrane. It cleaves the transmembrane domain of tumor necrosis factor alpha to release the intracellular domain, which triggers cytokine expression in the innate and adaptive immunity pathways. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ITGA8 | integrin, alpha 8|Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptor proteins that mediate numerous cellular processes including cell adhesion, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and activation of cell signaling pathways. Integrins are composed of alpha and beta subunits. This gene encodes the alpha 8 subunit of the heterodimeric integrin alpha8beta1 protein. The encoded protein is a single-pass type 1 membrane protein that contains multiple FG-GAP repeats. This repeat is predicted to fold into a beta propeller structure. This gene regulates the recruitment of mesenchymal cells into epithelial structures, mediates cell-cell interactions, and regulates neurite outgrowth of sensory and motor neurons. The integrin alpha8beta1 protein thus plays an important role in wound-healing and organogenesis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with renal hypodysplasia/aplasia-1 (RHDA1) and with several animal models of chronic kidney disease. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| ITGA9 | integrin, alpha 9|This gene encodes an alpha integrin. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane glycoproteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain that mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion. The protein encoded by this gene, when bound to the beta 1 chain, forms an integrin that is a receptor for VCAM1, cytotactin and osteopontin. Expression of this gene has been found to be upregulated in small cell lung cancers. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UGCG | UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase|This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the first glycosylation step in the biosynthesis of glycosphingolipids, which are membrane components containing lipid and sugar moieties. The product of this reaction is glucosylceramide, which is the core structure of many glycosphingolipids. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| MYO3B | myosin IIIB|This gene encodes one of the class III myosins. Myosins are ATPases, activated by actin, that move along actin filaments in the cell. This class of myosins are characterized by an amino-terminal kinase domain and shown to be present in photoreceptors. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| ATP2A1 | ATPase, Ca++ transporting, cardiac muscle, fast twitch 1|This gene encodes one of the SERCA Ca(2+)-ATPases, which are intracellular pumps located in the sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticula of muscle cells. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the translocation of calcium from the cytosol to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen, and is involved in muscular excitation and contraction. Mutations in this gene cause some autosomal recessive forms of Brody disease, characterized by increasing impairment of muscular relaxation during exercise. Alternative splicing results in three transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2013] |
| ATP2A2 | ATPase, Ca++ transporting, cardiac muscle, slow twitch 2|This gene encodes one of the SERCA Ca(2+)-ATPases, which are intracellular pumps located in the sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticula of muscle cells. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the translocation of calcium from the cytosol into the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen, and is involved in regulation of the contraction/relaxation cycle. Mutations in this gene cause Darier-White disease, also known as keratosis follicularis, an autosomal dominant skin disorder characterized by loss of adhesion between epidermal cells and abnormal keratinization. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| ATP2A3 | ATPase, Ca++ transporting, ubiquitous|This gene encodes one of the SERCA Ca(2+)-ATPases, which are intracellular pumps located in the sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticula of muscle cells. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the translocation of calcium from the cytosol to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen, and is involved in calcium sequestration associated with muscular excitation and contraction. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ITGA1 | integrin, alpha 1|This gene encodes the alpha 1 subunit of integrin receptors. This protein heterodimerizes with the beta 1 subunit to form a cell-surface receptor for collagen and laminin. The heterodimeric receptor is involved in cell-cell adhesion and may play a role in inflammation and fibrosis. The alpha 1 subunit contains an inserted (I) von Willebrand factor type I domain which is thought to be involved in collagen binding. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ITGA2 | integrin, alpha 2 (CD49B, alpha 2 subunit of VLA-2 receptor)|This gene encodes the alpha subunit of a transmembrane receptor for collagens and related proteins. The encoded protein forms a heterodimer with a beta subunit and mediates the adhesion of platelets and other cell types to the extracellular matrix. Loss of the encoded protein is associated with bleeding disorder platelet-type 9. Antibodies against this protein are found in several immune disorders, including neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. This gene is located adjacent to a related alpha subunit gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| NOP2 | NOP2 nucleolar protein| |
| ITGA4 | integrin, alpha 4 (antigen CD49D, alpha 4 subunit of VLA-4 receptor)|The product of this gene belongs to the integrin alpha chain family of proteins. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This gene encodes an alpha 4 chain. Unlike other integrin alpha chains, alpha 4 neither contains an I-domain, nor undergoes disulfide-linked cleavage. Alpha 4 chain associates with either beta 1 chain or beta 7 chain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RIT2 | Ras-like without CAAX 2|RIN belongs to the RAS (HRAS; MIM 190020) superfamily of small GTPases (Shao et al., 1999 [PubMed 10545207]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| RIT1 | Ras-like without CAAX 1|This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of Ras-related GTPases. The encoded protein is involved in regulating p38 MAPK-dependent signaling cascades related to cellular stress. This protein also cooperates with nerve growth factor to promote neuronal development and regeneration. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| ITGA7 | integrin, alpha 7|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the integrin alpha chain family. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. They mediate a wide spectrum of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, and thus play a role in cell migration, morphologic development, differentiation, and metastasis. This protein functions as a receptor for the basement membrane protein laminin-1. It is mainly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscles and may be involved in differentiation and migration processes during myogenesis. Defects in this gene are associated with congenital myopathy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| TRHR | thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor|This gene encodes a G protein-coupled receptor for thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Upon binding to TRH, this receptor activates the inositol phospholipid-calcium-protein kinase C transduction pathway. Mutations in this gene have been associated with generalized thyrotropin-releasing hormone resistance. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| DENND4A | DENN/MADD domain containing 4A| |
| DENND4C | DENN/MADD domain containing 4C| |
| SWAP70 | SWAP switching B-cell complex 70kDa subunit| |
| UFSP1 | UFM1-specific peptidase 1 (non-functional)|This gene encodes a protein that is similar to other Ufm1-specific proteases. Studies in mouse determined that Ufsp1 releases Ufm1 (ubiquitin-fold modifier 1) from its bound conjugated complexes which also makes it into an active form. Because the human UFSP1 protein is shorter on the N-terminus and lacks a conserved Cys active site, it is predicted to be non-functional.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| PHLDA3 | pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 3| |
| UFSP2 | UFM1-specific peptidase 2|Like ubiquitin (see MIM 191339), ubiquitin-fold modifier-1 (UFM1; MIM 610553) must be processed by a protease before it can conjugate with its target proteins. UFSP2 is a thiol protease that specifically processes the C terminus of UFM1 (Kang et al., 2007 [PubMed 17182609]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009] |
| GAP43 | growth associated protein 43|The protein encoded by this gene has been termed a 'growth' or 'plasticity' protein because it is expressed at high levels in neuronal growth cones during development and axonal regeneration. This protein is considered a crucial component of an effective regenerative response in the nervous system. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NENF | neudesin neurotrophic factor|This gene encodes a neurotrophic factor that may play a role in neuron differentiation and development. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 12. Alternate splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| MDK | midkine (neurite growth-promoting factor 2)|This gene encodes a member of a small family of secreted growth factors that binds heparin and responds to retinoic acid. The encoded protein promotes cell growth, migration, and angiogenesis, in particular during tumorigenesis. This gene has been targeted as a therapeutic for a variety of different disorders. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| FBXL13 | F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 13|Members of the F-box protein family, such as FBXL13, are characterized by an approximately 40-amino acid F-box motif. SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases. F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains (Jin et al., 2004 [PubMed 15520277]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| FBXL12 | F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 12|Members of the F-box protein family, such as FBXL12, are characterized by an approximately 40-amino acid F-box motif. SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases. F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains (Jin et al., 2004 [PubMed 15520277]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| FBXL15 | F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 15| |
| CYP27B1 | cytochrome P450, family 27, subfamily B, polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane where it hydroxylates 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 at the 1alpha position. This reaction synthesizes 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the active form of vitamin D3, which binds to the vitamin D receptor and regulates calcium metabolism. Thus this enzyme regulates the level of biologically active vitamin D and plays an important role in calcium homeostasis. Mutations in this gene can result in vitamin D-dependent rickets type I. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FBXL17 | F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 17|Members of the F-box protein family, such as FBXL17, are characterized by an approximately 40-amino acid F-box motif. SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases. F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains (Jin et al., 2004 [PubMed 15520277]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| FBXL16 | F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 16|Members of the F-box protein family, such as FBXL16, are characterized by an approximately 40-amino acid F-box motif. SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases. F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains (Jin et al., 2004 [PubMed 15520277]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| FAM169A | family with sequence similarity 169, member A| |
| FBXL18 | F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 18|Members of the F-box protein family, such as FBXL18, are characterized by an approximately 40-amino acid F-box motif. SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases. F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains (Jin et al., 2004 [PubMed 15520277]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| LRRC7 | leucine rich repeat containing 7| |
| SDK1 | sidekick cell adhesion molecule 1| |
| SDK2 | sidekick cell adhesion molecule 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The protein contains two immunoglobulin domains and thirteen fibronectin type III domains. Fibronectin type III domains are present in both extracellular and intracellular proteins and tandem repeats are known to contain binding sites for DNA, heparin and the cell surface. This protein, and a homologous mouse sequence, are very similar to the Drosophila sidekick gene product but the specific function of this superfamily member is not yet known. Evidence for alternative splicing at this gene locus has been observed but the full-length nature of additional variants has not yet been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GRP | gastrin-releasing peptide|This gene encodes a member of the bombesin-like family of gastrin-releasing peptides. Its preproprotein, following cleavage of a signal peptide, is further processed to produce either the 27 aa gastrin-releasing peptide or the 10 aa neuromedin C. These smaller peptides regulate numerous functions of the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems, including release of gastrointestinal hormones, smooth muscle cell contraction, and epithelial cell proliferation. These peptides are also likely to play a role in human cancers of the lung, colon, stomach, pancreas, breast, and prostate. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TPRN | taperin|This locus encodes a sensory epithelial protein. It was defined by linkage analysis in three Pakistani families to lie between D9S1818 (centromeric) and D9SH6 (telomeric). Mutations at this locus have been associated with autosomal recessive deafness. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| THSD4 | thrombospondin, type I, domain containing 4| |
| FAM212B | family with sequence similarity 212, member B| |
| FAM212A | family with sequence similarity 212, member A| |
| CHST9 | carbohydrate (N-acetylgalactosamine 4-0) sulfotransferase 9|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the sulfotransferase 2 family. It is localized to the golgi membrane, and catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to position 4 of non-reducing N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residues in both N-glycans and O-glycans. Sulfate groups on carbohydrates confer highly specific functions to glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans, and are critical for cell-cell interaction, signal transduction, and embryonic development. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| COL4A6 | collagen, type IV, alpha 6|This gene encodes one of the six subunits of type IV collagen, the major structural component of basement membranes. Like the other members of the type IV collagen gene family, this gene is organized in a head-to-head conformation with another type IV collagen gene, alpha 5 type IV collagen, so that the gene pair shares a common promoter. Deletions in the alpha 5 gene that extend into the alpha 6 gene result in diffuse leiomyomatosis accompanying the X-linked Alport syndrome caused by the deletion in the alpha 5 gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| COL4A5 | collagen, type IV, alpha 5|This gene encodes one of the six subunits of type IV collagen, the major structural component of basement membranes. Mutations in this gene are associated with X-linked Alport syndrome, also known as hereditary nephritis. Like the other members of the type IV collagen gene family, this gene is organized in a head-to-head conformation with another type IV collagen gene so that each gene pair shares a common promoter. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| COL4A4 | collagen, type IV, alpha 4|This gene encodes one of the six subunits of type IV collagen, the major structural component of basement membranes. This particular collagen IV subunit, however, is only found in a subset of basement membranes. Like the other members of the type IV collagen gene family, this gene is organized in a head-to-head conformation with another type IV collagen gene so that each gene pair shares a common promoter. Mutations in this gene are associated with type II autosomal recessive Alport syndrome (hereditary glomerulonephropathy) and with familial benign hematuria (thin basement membrane disease). Two transcripts, differing only in their transcription start sites, have been identified for this gene and, as is common for collagen genes, multiple polyadenylation sites are found in the 3' UTR. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COL4A3 | collagen, type IV, alpha 3 (Goodpasture antigen)|Type IV collagen, the major structural component of basement membranes, is a multimeric protein composed of 3 alpha subunits. These subunits are encoded by 6 different genes, alpha 1 through alpha 6, each of which can form a triple helix structure with 2 other subunits to form type IV collagen. This gene encodes alpha 3. In the Goodpasture syndrome, autoantibodies bind to the collagen molecules in the basement membranes of alveoli and glomeruli. The epitopes that elicit these autoantibodies are localized largely to the non-collagenous C-terminal domain of the protein. A specific kinase phosphorylates amino acids in this same C-terminal region and the expression of this kinase is upregulated during pathogenesis. This gene is also linked to an autosomal recessive form of Alport syndrome. The mutations contributing to this syndrome are also located within the exons that encode this C-terminal region. Like the other members of the type IV collagen gene family, this gene is organized in a head-to-head conformation with another type IV collagen gene so that each gene pair shares a common promoter. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| COL4A2 | collagen, type IV, alpha 2|This gene encodes one of the six subunits of type IV collagen, the major structural component of basement membranes. The C-terminal portion of the protein, known as canstatin, is an inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. Like the other members of the type IV collagen gene family, this gene is organized in a head-to-head conformation with another type IV collagen gene so that each gene pair shares a common promoter. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COL4A1 | collagen, type IV, alpha 1|This gene encodes a type IV collagen alpha protein. Type IV collagen proteins are integral components of basement membranes. This gene shares a bidirectional promoter with a paralogous gene on the opposite strand. The protein consists of an amino-terminal 7S domain, a triple-helix forming collagenous domain, and a carboxy-terminal non-collagenous domain. It functions as part of a heterotrimer and interacts with other extracellular matrix components such as perlecans, proteoglycans, and laminins. In addition, proteolytic cleavage of the non-collagenous carboxy-terminal domain results in a biologically active fragment known as arresten, which has anti-angiogenic and tumor suppressor properties. Mutations in this gene cause porencephaly, cerebrovascular disease, and renal and muscular defects. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| GRN | granulin|Granulins are a family of secreted, glycosylated peptides that are cleaved from a single precursor protein with 7.5 repeats of a highly conserved 12-cysteine granulin/epithelin motif. The 88 kDa precursor protein, progranulin, is also called proepithelin and PC cell-derived growth factor. Cleavage of the signal peptide produces mature granulin which can be further cleaved into a variety of active, 6 kDa peptides. These smaller cleavage products are named granulin A, granulin B, granulin C, etc. Epithelins 1 and 2 are synonymous with granulins A and B, respectively. Both the peptides and intact granulin protein regulate cell growth. However, different members of the granulin protein family may act as inhibitors, stimulators, or have dual actions on cell growth. Granulin family members are important in normal development, wound healing, and tumorigenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CHST3 | carbohydrate (chondroitin 6) sulfotransferase 3|This gene encodes an enzyme which catalyzes the sulfation of chondroitin, a proteoglycan found in the extracellular matrix and most cells which is involved in cell migration and differentiation. Mutations in this gene are associated with spondylepiphyseal dysplasia and humerospinal dysostosis. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| CHST2 | carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine-6-O) sulfotransferase 2|This locus encodes a sulfotransferase protein. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the sulfation of a nonreducing N-acetylglucosamine residue, and may play a role in biosynthesis of 6-sulfosialyl Lewis X antigen. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| CHST5 | carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine 6-O) sulfotransferase 5|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Gal/GalNAc/GlcNAc 6-O-sulfotransferase (GST) family, members of which catalyze the transfer of sulfate to position 6 of galactose (Gal), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), or N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues within proteoglycans, and sulfation of O-linked sugars of mucin-type acceptors. Carbohydrate sulfation plays a critical role in many biologic processes. This gene is predominantly expressed in colon and small intestine. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| CHST4 | carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine 6-O) sulfotransferase 4|This gene encodes an N-acetylglucosamine 6-O sulfotransferase. The encoded enzyme transfers sulfate from 3'phosphoadenosine 5'phospho-sulfate to the 6-hydroxyl group of N-acetylglucosamine on glycoproteins. This protein is localized to the Golgi and is involved in the modification of glycan structures on ligands of the lymphocyte homing receptor L-selectin. Alternate splicing in the 5' UTR results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| CHST7 | carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine 6-O) sulfotransferase 7|This gene is a member of the Gal/GalNAc/GlcNAc (galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine/N-acetylglucosamine) 6-O-sulfotransferase (GST) family. Members of this family encode enzymes that catalyze the specific addition of sulfate groups to distinct hydroxyl and amino groups of carbohydrates. The encoded protein catalyzes the sulfation of 6-hydroxyl group of GalNAc in chondroitin. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| CHST6 | carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine 6-O) sulfotransferase 6|The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a sulfate group to the GlcNAc residues of keratan. Keratan sulfate helps maintain corneal transparency. Defects in this gene are a cause of macular corneal dystrophy (MCD). [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| ITGAX | integrin, alpha X (complement component 3 receptor 4 subunit)|This gene encodes the integrin alpha X chain protein. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This protein combines with the beta 2 chain (ITGB2) to form a leukocyte-specific integrin referred to as inactivated-C3b (iC3b) receptor 4 (CR4). The alpha X beta 2 complex seems to overlap the properties of the alpha M beta 2 integrin in the adherence of neutrophils and monocytes to stimulated endothelium cells, and in the phagocytosis of complement coated particles. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| HLX | H2.0-like homeobox| |
| HLCS | holocarboxylase synthetase (biotin-(proprionyl-CoA-carboxylase (ATP-hydrolysing)) ligase)|This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the binding of biotin to carboxylases and histones. The protein plays an important role in gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis and branched chain amino acid catabolism. Defects in this gene are the cause of holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| NOG | noggin|The secreted polypeptide, encoded by this gene, binds and inactivates members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily signaling proteins, such as bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4). By diffusing through extracellular matrices more efficiently than members of the TGF-beta superfamily, this protein may have a principal role in creating morphogenic gradients. The protein appears to have pleiotropic effect, both early in development as well as in later stages. It was originally isolated from Xenopus based on its ability to restore normal dorsal-ventral body axis in embryos that had been artificially ventralized by UV treatment. The results of the mouse knockout of the ortholog suggest that it is involved in numerous developmental processes, such as neural tube fusion and joint formation. Recently, several dominant human NOG mutations in unrelated families with proximal symphalangism (SYM1) and multiple synostoses syndrome (SYNS1) were identified; both SYM1 and SYNS1 have multiple joint fusion as their principal feature, and map to the same region (17q22) as this gene. All of these mutations altered evolutionarily conserved amino acid residues. The amino acid sequence of this human gene is highly homologous to that of Xenopus, rat and mouse. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ITGAV | integrin, alpha V|This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the integrin superfamily. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This protein undergoes post-translational cleavage to yield disulfide-linked heavy and light chains that combine with multiple integrin beta chains to form different integrins. This protein has been shown to heterodimerize with beta 1, beta 3, beta 5, beta 6, and beta 8; the heterodimer of alpha v and beta 3 is the Vitronectin receptor. This protein interacts with several extracellular matrix proteins to mediate cell adhesion and may play a role in cell migration. It is proposed that this protein may regulate angiogenesis and cancer progression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. Note that the integrin alpha 5 and integrin alpha V chains are produced by distinct genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| PREP | prolyl endopeptidase|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytosolic prolyl endopeptidase that cleaves peptide bonds on the C-terminal side of prolyl residues within peptides that are up to approximately 30 amino acids long. Prolyl endopeptidases have been reported to be involved in the maturation and degradation of peptide hormones and neuropeptides. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF703 | zinc finger protein 703| |
| ITGAL | integrin, alpha L (antigen CD11A (p180), lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1; alpha polypeptide)|ITGAL encodes the integrin alpha L chain. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This I-domain containing alpha integrin combines with the beta 2 chain (ITGB2) to form the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), which is expressed on all leukocytes. LFA-1 plays a central role in leukocyte intercellular adhesion through interactions with its ligands, ICAMs 1-3 (intercellular adhesion molecules 1 through 3), and also functions in lymphocyte costimulatory signaling. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ITGAM | integrin, alpha M (complement component 3 receptor 3 subunit)|This gene encodes the integrin alpha M chain. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This I-domain containing alpha integrin combines with the beta 2 chain (ITGB2) to form a leukocyte-specific integrin referred to as macrophage receptor 1 ('Mac-1'), or inactivated-C3b (iC3b) receptor 3 ('CR3'). The alpha M beta 2 integrin is important in the adherence of neutrophils and monocytes to stimulated endothelium, and also in the phagocytosis of complement coated particles. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| HLF | hepatic leukemia factor|This gene encodes a member of the proline and acidic-rich (PAR) protein family, a subset of the bZIP transcription factors. The encoded protein forms homodimers or heterodimers with other PAR family members and binds sequence-specific promoter elements to activate transcription. Chromosomal translocations fusing portions of this gene with the E2A gene cause a subset of childhood B-lineage acute lymphoid leukemias. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NOV | nephroblastoma overexpressed|The protein encoded by this gene is a small secreted cysteine-rich protein and a member of the CCN family of regulatory proteins. CNN family proteins associate with the extracellular matrix and play an important role in cardiovascular and skeletal development, fibrosis and cancer development. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| FAM134C | family with sequence similarity 134, member C| |
| ITGAE | integrin, alpha E (antigen CD103, human mucosal lymphocyte antigen 1; alpha polypeptide)|Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This gene encodes an I-domain-containing alpha integrin that undergoes post-translational cleavage in the extracellular domain, yielding disulfide-linked heavy and light chains. In combination with the beta 7 integrin, this protein forms the E-cadherin binding integrin known as the human mucosal lymphocyte-1 antigen. This protein is preferentially expressed in human intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL), and in addition to a role in adhesion, it may serve as an accessory molecule for IEL activation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM134A | family with sequence similarity 134, member A| |
| SERPING1 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade G (C1 inhibitor), member 1|This gene encodes a highly glycosylated plasma protein involved in the regulation of the complement cascade. Its protein inhibits activated C1r and C1s of the first complement component and thus regulates complement activation. Deficiency of this protein is associated with hereditary angioneurotic oedema (HANE). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same isoform. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SMAD9 | SMAD family member 9|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SMAD family, which transduces signals from TGF-beta family members. The encoded protein is activated by bone morphogenetic proteins and interacts with SMAD4. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| TRERF1 | transcriptional regulating factor 1|This gene encodes a zinc-finger transcriptional regulating protein which interacts with CBP/p300 to regulate the human gene CYP11A1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| EEF2K | eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase|This gene encodes a highly conserved protein kinase in the calmodulin-mediated signaling pathway that links activation of cell surface receptors to cell division. This kinase is involved in the regulation of protein synthesis. It phosphorylates eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (EEF2) and thus inhibits the EEF2 function. The activity of this kinase is increased in many cancers and may be a valid target for anti-cancer treatment. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SMAD4 | SMAD family member 4|This gene encodes a member of the Smad family of signal transduction proteins. Smad proteins are phosphorylated and activated by transmembrane serine-threonine receptor kinases in response to TGF-beta signaling. The product of this gene forms homomeric complexes and heteromeric complexes with other activated Smad proteins, which then accumulate in the nucleus and regulate the transcription of target genes. This protein binds to DNA and recognizes an 8-bp palindromic sequence (GTCTAGAC) called the Smad-binding element (SBE). The Smad proteins are subject to complex regulation by post-translational modifications. Mutations or deletions in this gene have been shown to result in pancreatic cancer, juvenile polyposis syndrome, and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| SMAD5 | SMAD family member 5|The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway that results in an inhibition of the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. The encoded protein is activated by bone morphogenetic proteins type 1 receptor kinase, and may be involved in cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| SMAD6 | SMAD family member 6|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the SMAD family of proteins, which are related to Drosophila 'mothers against decapentaplegic' (Mad) and C. elegans Sma. SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple signaling pathways. This protein functions in the negative regulation of BMP and TGF-beta/activin-signalling. Multiple transcript variants have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| SMAD7 | SMAD family member 7|The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear protein that binds the E3 ubiquitin ligase SMURF2. Upon binding, this complex translocates to the cytoplasm, where it interacts with TGF-beta receptor type-1 (TGFBR1), leading to the degradation of both the encoded protein and TGFBR1. Expression of this gene is induced by TGFBR1. Variations in this gene are a cause of susceptibility to colorectal cancer type 3 (CRCS3). Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| GOLPH3L | golgi phosphoprotein 3-like|The Golgi complex plays a key role in the sorting and modification of proteins exported from the endoplasmic reticulum. The protein encoded by this gene is localized at the Golgi stack and may have a regulatory role in Golgi trafficking. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SMAD1 | SMAD family member 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the SMAD, a family of proteins similar to the gene products of the Drosophila gene 'mothers against decapentaplegic' (Mad) and the C. elegans gene Sma. SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple signaling pathways. This protein mediates the signals of the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which are involved in a range of biological activities including cell growth, apoptosis, morphogenesis, development and immune responses. In response to BMP ligands, this protein can be phosphorylated and activated by the BMP receptor kinase. The phosphorylated form of this protein forms a complex with SMAD4, which is important for its function in the transcription regulation. This protein is a target for SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases, such as SMURF1 and SMURF2, and undergoes ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AFTPH | aftiphilin| |
| CAMK4 | calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV|The product of this gene belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family, and to the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subfamily. This enzyme is a multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase with limited tissue distribution, that has been implicated in transcriptional regulation in lymphocytes, neurons and male germ cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RFK | riboflavin kinase|Riboflavin kinase (RFK; EC 2.7.1.26) is an essential enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of riboflavin (vitamin B2) to form flavin mononucleotide (FMN), an obligatory step in vitamin B2 utilization and flavin cofactor synthesis (Karthikeyan et al., 2003 [PubMed 12623014]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2009] |
| AMMECR1L | AMMECR1-like| |
| CYFIP1 | cytoplasmic FMR1 interacting protein 1| |
| IGF2R | insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor|This gene encodes a receptor for both insulin-like growth factor 2 and mannose 6-phosphate, although the binding sites for either are located on different segments of the receptor. This receptor functions in the intracellular trafficking of lysosomal enzymes, the activation of transforming growth factor beta, and the degradation of insulin-like growth factor 2. While the related mouse gene shows exclusive expression from the maternal allele, imprinting of the human gene appears to be polymorphic, with only a minority of individuals showing expression from the maternal allele. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2013] |
| TMPRSS11D | transmembrane protease, serine 11D|This gene encodes a trypsin-like serine protease released from the submucosal serous glands onto mucous membrane. It is a type II integral membrane protein and has 29-38% identity in the sequence of the catalytic region with human hepsin, enteropeptidase, acrosin, and mast cell tryptase. The noncatalytic region has little similarity to other known proteins. This protein may play some biological role in the host defense system on the mucous membrane independently of or in cooperation with other substances in airway mucous or bronchial secretions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMPRSS11E | transmembrane protease, serine 11E| |
| HRH2 | histamine receptor H2|Histamine is a ubiquitous messenger molecule released from mast cells, enterochromaffin-like cells, and neurons. Its various actions are mediated by histamine receptors H1, H2, H3 and H4. Histamine receptor H2 belongs to the family 1 of G protein-coupled receptors. It is an integral membrane protein and stimulates gastric acid secretion. It also regulates gastrointestinal motility and intestinal secretion and is thought to be involved in regulating cell growth and differentiation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| RAD21L1 | RAD21-like 1 (S. pombe)| |
| PLRG1 | pleiotropic regulator 1|This gene encodes a core component of the cell division cycle 5-like (CDC5L) complex. The CDC5L complex is part of the spliceosome and is required for pre-mRNA splicing. The encoded protein plays a critical role in alternative splice site selection. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| ZC3H13 | zinc finger CCCH-type containing 13| |
| ZC3H15 | zinc finger CCCH-type containing 15| |
| ERICH2 | glutamate-rich 2| |
| ERICH1 | glutamate-rich 1| |
| C14orf119 | chromosome 14 open reading frame 119| |
| ART1 | ADP-ribosyltransferase 1|ADP-ribosyltransferase catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of arginine residues in proteins. Mono-ADP-ribosylation is a posttranslational modification of proteins that is interfered with by a variety of bacterial toxins including cholera, pertussis, and heat-labile enterotoxins of E. coli. The amino acid sequence consists of predominantly hydrophobic N- and C-terminal regions, which is characteristic of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins. This gene was previously designated ART2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HRH3 | histamine receptor H3|Histamine is a ubiquitous messenger molecule released from mast cells, enterochromaffin-like cells, and neurons. Its various actions are mediated by histamine receptors H1, H2, H3 and H4. This gene encodes one of the histamine receptors (H3) which belongs to the family 1 of G protein-coupled receptors. It is an integral membrane protein and can regulate neurotransmitter release. This receptor can also increase voltage-dependent calcium current in smooth muscles and innervates the blood vessels and the heart in cardiovascular system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ART3 | ADP-ribosyltransferase 3|This gene encodes an arginine-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase. The encoded protein catalyzes a reversible reaction which modifies proteins by the addition or removal of ADP-ribose to an arginine residue to regulate the function of the modified protein. An ADP-ribosyltransferase pseudogene is located on chromosome 11. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| ART4 | ADP-ribosyltransferase 4 (Dombrock blood group)|This gene encodes a protein that contains a mono-ADP-ribosylation (ART) motif. It is a member of the ADP-ribosyltransferase gene family but enzymatic activity has not been demonstrated experimentally. Antigens of the Dombrock blood group system are located on the gene product, which is glycosylphosphatidylinosotol-anchored to the erythrocyte membrane. Allelic variants, some of which lead to adverse transfusion reactions, are known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DRAP1 | DR1-associated protein 1 (negative cofactor 2 alpha)|Transcriptional repression is a general mechanism for regulating transcriptional initiation in organisms ranging from yeast to humans. Accurate initiation of transcription from eukaryotic protein-encoding genes requires the assembly of a large multiprotein complex consisting of RNA polymerase II and general transcription factors such as TFIIA, TFIIB, and TFIID. DR1 is a repressor that interacts with the TATA-binding protein (TBP) of TFIID and prevents the formation of an active transcription complex by precluding the entry of TFIIA and/or TFIIB into the preinitiation complex. The protein encoded by this gene is a corepressor of transcription that interacts with DR1 to enhance DR1-mediated repression. The interaction between this corepressor and DR1 is required for corepressor function and appears to stabilize the TBP-DR1-DNA complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TCEA2 | transcription elongation factor A (SII), 2|The protein encoded by this gene is found in the nucleus, where it functions as an SII class transcription elongation factor. Elongation factors in this class are responsible for releasing RNA polymerase II ternary complexes from transcriptional arrest at template-encoded arresting sites. The encoded protein has been shown to interact with general transcription factor IIB, a basal transcription factor. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TCEA3 | transcription elongation factor A (SII), 3| |
| TCEA1 | transcription elongation factor A (SII), 1| |
| COX4I2 | cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 2 (lung)|Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. It is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may be involved in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes isoform 2 of subunit IV. Isoform 1 of subunit IV is encoded by a different gene, however, the two genes show a similar structural organization. Subunit IV is the largest nuclear encoded subunit which plays a pivotal role in COX regulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COX4I1 | cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 1|Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is a multi-subunit enzyme complex that couples the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen and contributes to a proton electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The complex consists of 13 mitochondrial- and nuclear-encoded subunits. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits perform the electron transfer and proton pumping activities. The functions of the nuclear-encoded subunits are unknown but they may play a role in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This gene encodes the nuclear-encoded subunit IV isoform 1 of the human mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme. It is located at the 3' of the NOC4 (neighbor of COX4) gene in a head-to-head orientation, and shares a promoter with it. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BFAR | bifunctional apoptosis regulator| |
| CRTAM | cytotoxic and regulatory T cell molecule|The CRTAM gene is upregulated in CD4 (see MIM 186940)-positive and CD8 (see CD8A; MIM 186910)-positive T cells and encodes a type I transmembrane protein with V and C1-like Ig domains (Yeh et al., 2008 [PubMed 18329370]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2009] |
| KDM2B | lysine (K)-specific demethylase 2B|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbls class. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COL18A1 | collagen, type XVIII, alpha 1|This gene encodes the alpha chain of type XVIII collagen. This collagen is one of the multiplexins, extracellular matrix proteins that contain multiple triple-helix domains (collagenous domains) interrupted by non-collagenous domains. A long isoform of the protein has an N-terminal domain that is homologous to the extracellular part of frizzled receptors. Proteolytic processing at several endogenous cleavage sites in the C-terminal domain results in production of endostatin, a potent antiangiogenic protein that is able to inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth. Mutations in this gene are associated with Knobloch syndrome. The main features of this syndrome involve retinal abnormalities, so type XVIII collagen may play an important role in retinal structure and in neural tube closure. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| MPRIP | myosin phosphatase Rho interacting protein| |
| CCDC116 | coiled-coil domain containing 116| |
| CCDC117 | coiled-coil domain containing 117| |
| CCDC114 | coiled-coil domain containing 114|This gene encodes a coiled-coil domain-containing protein that is a component of the outer dynein arm docking complex in cilia cells. Mutations in this gene may cause primary ciliary dyskinesia 20. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| CCDC115 | coiled-coil domain containing 115| |
| CCDC112 | coiled-coil domain containing 112| |
| CCDC113 | coiled-coil domain containing 113| |
| CCDC110 | coiled-coil domain containing 110| |
| LEO1 | Leo1, Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component, homolog (S. cerevisiae)|LEO1, parafibromin (CDC73; MIM 607393), CTR9 (MIM 609366), and PAF1 (MIM 610506) form the PAF protein complex that associates with the RNA polymerase II subunit POLR2A (MIM 180660) and with a histone methyltransferase complex (Rozenblatt-Rosen et al., 2005 [PubMed 15632063]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ATP1A4 | ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 4 polypeptide|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of Na+/K+ -ATPases. Na+/K+ -ATPase is an integral membrane protein responsible for establishing and maintaining the electrochemical gradients of Na and K ions across the plasma membrane. These gradients are essential for osmoregulation, for sodium-coupled transport of a variety of organic and inorganic molecules, and for electrical excitability of nerve and muscle. This enzyme is composed of two subunits, a large catalytic subunit (alpha) and a smaller glycoprotein subunit (beta). The catalytic subunit of Na+/K+ -ATPase is encoded by multiple genes. This gene encodes an alpha 4 subunit. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATP1A3 | ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 3 polypeptide|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of Na+/K+ -ATPases. Na+/K+ -ATPase is an integral membrane protein responsible for establishing and maintaining the electrochemical gradients of Na and K ions across the plasma membrane. These gradients are essential for osmoregulation, for sodium-coupled transport of a variety of organic and inorganic molecules, and for electrical excitability of nerve and muscle. This enzyme is composed of two subunits, a large catalytic subunit (alpha) and a smaller glycoprotein subunit (beta). The catalytic subunit of Na+/K+ -ATPase is encoded by multiple genes. This gene encodes an alpha 3 subunit. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| ATP1A2 | ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 2 polypeptide|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of Na+/K+ -ATPases. Na+/K+ -ATPase is an integral membrane protein responsible for establishing and maintaining the electrochemical gradients of Na and K ions across the plasma membrane. These gradients are essential for osmoregulation, for sodium-coupled transport of a variety of organic and inorganic molecules, and for electrical excitability of nerve and muscle. This enzyme is composed of two subunits, a large catalytic subunit (alpha) and a smaller glycoprotein subunit (beta). The catalytic subunit of Na+/K+ -ATPase is encoded by multiple genes. This gene encodes an alpha 2 subunit. Mutations in this gene result in familial basilar or hemiplegic migraines, and in a rare syndrome known as alternating hemiplegia of childhood. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| ATP1A1 | ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 1 polypeptide|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of Na+/K+ -ATPases. Na+/K+ -ATPase is an integral membrane protein responsible for establishing and maintaining the electrochemical gradients of Na and K ions across the plasma membrane. These gradients are essential for osmoregulation, for sodium-coupled transport of a variety of organic and inorganic molecules, and for electrical excitability of nerve and muscle. This enzyme is composed of two subunits, a large catalytic subunit (alpha) and a smaller glycoprotein subunit (beta). The catalytic subunit of Na+/K+ -ATPase is encoded by multiple genes. This gene encodes an alpha 1 subunit. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| MGRN1 | mahogunin ring finger 1, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|Mahogunin (MGRN1) is a C3HC4 RING-containing protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| MDH2 | malate dehydrogenase 2, NAD (mitochondrial)|Malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate, utilizing the NAD/NADH cofactor system in the citric acid cycle. The protein encoded by this gene is localized to the mitochondria and may play pivotal roles in the malate-aspartate shuttle that operates in the metabolic coordination between cytosol and mitochondria. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| SIRPG | signal-regulatory protein gamma|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the signal-regulatory protein (SIRP) family, and also belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. SIRP family members are receptor-type transmembrane glycoproteins known to be involved in the negative regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase-coupled signaling processes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPHK1 | sphingosine kinase 1|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to form sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a lipid mediator with both intra- and extracellular functions. Intracellularly, S1P regulates proliferation and survival, and extracellularly, it is a ligand for cell surface G protein-coupled receptors. This protein, and its product S1P, play a key role in TNF-alpha signaling and the NF-kappa-B activation pathway important in inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and immune processes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| DPT | dermatopontin|Dermatopontin is an extracellular matrix protein with possible functions in cell-matrix interactions and matrix assembly. The protein is found in various tissues and many of its tyrosine residues are sulphated. Dermatopontin is postulated to modify the behavior of TGF-beta through interaction with decorin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CUEDC1 | CUE domain containing 1| |
| CUEDC2 | CUE domain containing 2| |
| CBLB | Cbl proto-oncogene B, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase| |
| CPEB4 | cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4| |
| CPEB1 | cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein family. This highly conserved protein binds to a specific RNA sequence, called the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element, found in the 3' untranslated region of some mRNAs. The encoded protein functions in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. It is involved in the regulation of mRNA translation, as well as processing of the 3' untranslated region, and may play a role in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| CPEB3 | cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 3| |
| SBSPON | somatomedin B and thrombospondin, type 1 domain containing| |
| RBMXL1 | RNA binding motif protein, X-linked-like 1|This gene represents a retrogene of RNA binding motif protein, X-linked (RBMX), which is located on chromosome X. While all introns in the coding sequence have been processed out compared to the RBMX locus, the ORF is intact and there is specific evidence for transcription at this location. The preservation of the ORF by purifying selection in all Old World monkeys carrying it suggests that this locus is likely to be functional, possibly during male meiosis when X chromosomal genes are silenced or during haploid stages of spermatogenesis. This gene shares 5' exon structure with the cysteine conjugate-beta lyase 2 locus on chromosome 1, but the coding sequences are non-overlapping. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| RBMXL3 | RNA binding motif protein, X-linked-like 3| |
| SIRPD | signal-regulatory protein delta| |
| ABAT | 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase|4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ABAT) is responsible for catabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an important, mostly inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, into succinic semialdehyde. The active enzyme is a homodimer of 50-kD subunits complexed to pyridoxal-5-phosphate. The protein sequence is over 95% similar to the pig protein. GABA is estimated to be present in nearly one-third of human synapses. ABAT in liver and brain is controlled by 2 codominant alleles with a frequency in a Caucasian population of 0.56 and 0.44. The ABAT deficiency phenotype includes psychomotor retardation, hypotonia, hyperreflexia, lethargy, refractory seizures, and EEG abnormalities. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein isoform have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TLN2 | talin 2|This gene encodes a protein related to talin 1, a cytoskeletal protein that plays a significant role in the assembly of actin filaments and in spreading and migration of various cell types, including fibroblasts and osteoclasts. This protein has a different pattern of expression compared to talin 1 but, like talin 1, is thought to associate with unique transmembrane receptors to form novel linkages between extracellular matrices and the actin cytoskeleton. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BBOX1 | butyrobetaine (gamma), 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase (gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase) 1|This gene encodes gamma butyrobetaine hydroxylase which catalyzes the formation of L-carnitine from gamma-butyrobetaine, the last step in the L-carnitine biosynthetic pathway. Carnitine is essential for the transport of activated fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane during mitochondrial beta-oxidation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FRG1 | FSHD region gene 1|This gene maps to a location 100 kb centromeric of the repeat units on chromosome 4q35 which are deleted in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). It is evolutionarily conserved and has related sequences on multiple human chromosomes but DNA sequence analysis did not reveal any homology to known genes. In vivo studies demonstrate the encoded protein is localized to the nucleolus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TP53TG5 | TP53 target 5| |
| RHEBL1 | Ras homolog enriched in brain like 1| |
| C2CD5 | C2 calcium-dependent domain containing 5| |
| IFT80 | intraflagellar transport 80|The protein encoded by this gene is part of the intraflagellar transport complex B and is necessary for the function of motile and sensory cilia. Defects in this gene are a cause of asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy 2 (ATD2). Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| IFT81 | intraflagellar transport 81| |
| IFT88 | intraflagellar transport 88|This gene encodes a member of the tetratrico peptide repeat (TPR) family. Mutations of a similar gene in mouse can cause polycystic kidney disease. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IL10RA | interleukin 10 receptor, alpha|The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for interleukin 10. This protein is structurally related to interferon receptors. It has been shown to mediate the immunosuppressive signal of interleukin 10, and thus inhibits the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. This receptor is reported to promote survival of progenitor myeloid cells through the insulin receptor substrate-2/PI 3-kinase/AKT pathway. Activation of this receptor leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK1 and TYK2 kinases. Two transcript variants, one protein-coding and the other not protein-coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| SARDH | sarcosine dehydrogenase|This gene encodes an enzyme localized to the mitochondrial matrix which catalyzes the oxidative demethylation of sarcosine. This enzyme is distinct from another mitochondrial matrix enzyme, dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, which catalyzes a reaction resulting in the formation of sarcosine. Mutations in this gene are associated with sarcosinemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| ZNF439 | zinc finger protein 439| |
| XPA | xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group A|This gene encodes a zinc finger protein involved in DNA excision repair. The encoded protein is part of the NER (nucleotide excision repair) complext which is responsible for repair of UV radiation-induced photoproducts and DNA adducts induced by chemical carcinogens. Mutations in this gene are associated with xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| ADCY6 | adenylate cyclase 6|This gene encodes a member of the adenylyl cyclase family of proteins, which are required for the synthesis of cyclic AMP. All members of this family have an intracellular N-terminus, a tandem repeat of six transmembrane domains separated by a cytoplasmic loop, and a C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. The two cytoplasmic regions bind ATP and form the catalytic core of the protein. Adenylyl cyclases are important effectors of transmembrane signaling pathways and are regulated by the activity of G protein coupled receptor signaling. This protein belongs to a small subclass of adenylyl cyclase proteins that are functionally related and are inhibited by protein kinase A, calcium ions and nitric oxide. A mutation in this gene is associated with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. [provided by RefSeq, May 2015] |
| KISS1R | KISS1 receptor|The protein encoded by this gene is a galanin-like G protein-coupled receptor that binds metastin, a peptide encoded by the metastasis suppressor gene KISS1. The tissue distribution of the expressed gene suggests that it is involved in the regulation of endocrine function, and this is supported by the finding that this gene appears to play a role in the onset of puberty. Mutations in this gene have been associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and central precocious puberty. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MCM10 | minichromosome maintenance complex component 10|The protein encoded by this gene is one of the highly conserved mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) that are involved in the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. The hexameric protein complex formed by MCM proteins is a key component of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC) and it may be involved in the formation of replication forks and in the recruitment of other DNA replication related proteins. This protein can interact with MCM2 and MCM6, as well as with the origin recognition protein ORC2. It is regulated by proteolysis and phosphorylation in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Studies of a similar protein in Xenopus suggest that the chromatin binding of this protein at the onset of DNA replication is after pre-RC assembly and before origin unwinding. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NUP93 | nucleoporin 93kDa| |
| IGFBPL1 | insulin-like growth factor binding protein-like 1| |
| C10orf95 | chromosome 10 open reading frame 95| |
| ATG4C | autophagy related 4C, cysteine peptidase|Autophagy is the process by which endogenous proteins and damaged organelles are destroyed intracellularly. Autophagy is postulated to be essential for cell homeostasis and cell remodeling during differentiation, metamorphosis, non-apoptotic cell death, and aging. Reduced levels of autophagy have been described in some malignant tumors, and a role for autophagy in controlling the unregulated cell growth linked to cancer has been proposed. This gene encodes a member of the autophagin protein family. The encoded protein is also designated as a member of the C-54 family of cysteine proteases. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding the same protein, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATG4B | autophagy related 4B, cysteine peptidase|Autophagy is the process by which endogenous proteins and damaged organelles are destroyed intracellularly. Autophagy is postulated to be essential for cell homeostasis and cell remodeling during differentiation, metamorphosis, non-apoptotic cell death, and aging. Reduced levels of autophagy have been described in some malignant tumors, and a role for autophagy in controlling the unregulated cell growth linked to cancer has been proposed. This gene encodes a member of the autophagin protein family. The encoded protein is also designated as a member of the C-54 family of cysteine proteases. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATG4A | autophagy related 4A, cysteine peptidase|Autophagy is the process by which endogenous proteins and damaged organelles are destroyed intracellularly. Autophagy is postulated to be essential for cell homeostasis and cell remodeling during differentiation, metamorphosis, non-apoptotic cell death, and aging. Reduced levels of autophagy have been described in some malignant tumors, and a role for autophagy in controlling the unregulated cell growth linked to cancer has been proposed. This gene encodes a member of the autophagin protein family. The encoded protein is also designated as a member of the C-54 family of cysteine proteases. Transcript variants that encode distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KYNU | kynureninase|Kynureninase is a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (pyridoxal-P) dependent enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of L-kynurenine and L-3-hydroxykynurenine into anthranilic and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acids, respectively. Kynureninase is involved in the biosynthesis of NAD cofactors from tryptophan through the kynurenine pathway. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| CDH22 | cadherin 22, type 2|This gene is a member of the cadherin superfamily. The gene product is composed of five cadherin repeat domains and a cytoplasmic tail similar to the highly conserved cytoplasmic region of classical cadherins. Expressed predominantly in the brain, this putative calcium-dependent cell adhesion protein may play an important role in morphogenesis and tissue formation in neural and non-neural cells during development and maintenance of the brain and neuroendocrine organs. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATG4D | autophagy related 4D, cysteine peptidase|Autophagy is the process by which endogenous proteins and damaged organelles are destroyed intracellularly. Autophagy is postulated to be essential for cell homeostasis and cell remodeling during differentiation, metamorphosis, non-apoptotic cell death, and aging. Reduced levels of autophagy have been described in some malignant tumors, and a role for autophagy in controlling the unregulated cell growth linked to cancer has been proposed. This gene belongs to the autophagy-related protein 4 (Atg4) family of C54 endopeptidases. Members of this family encode proteins that play a role in the biogenesis of autophagosomes, which sequester the cytosol and organelles for degradation by lysosomes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| PHOX2A | paired-like homeobox 2a|The protein encoded by this gene contains a paired-like homeodomain most similar to that of the Drosophila aristaless gene product. The encoded protein plays a central role in development of the autonomic nervous system. It regulates the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase, two catecholaminergic biosynthetic enzymes essential for the differentiation and maintenance of the noradrenergic neurotransmitter phenotype. The encoded protein has also been shown to regulate transcription of the alpha3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PHOX2B | paired-like homeobox 2b|The DNA-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the paired family of homeobox proteins localized to the nucleus. The protein functions as a transcription factor involved in the development of several major noradrenergic neuron populations and the determination of neurotransmitter phenotype. The gene product is linked to enhancement of second messenger-mediated activation of the dopamine beta-hydroylase, c-fos promoters and several enhancers, including cyclic amp-response element and serum-response element. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UPK2 | uroplakin 2|This gene encodes one of the proteins of the highly conserved urothelium-specific integral membrane proteins of the asymmetric unit membrane which forms urothelium apical plaques in mammals. The asymmetric unit membrane is believed to strengthen the urothelium by preventing cell rupture during bladder distention. The encoded protein is expressed in the peripheral blood of bladder cancer patients with transitional cell carcinomas.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| CFH | complement factor H|This gene is a member of the Regulator of Complement Activation (RCA) gene cluster and encodes a protein with twenty short consensus repeat (SCR) domains. This protein is secreted into the bloodstream and has an essential role in the regulation of complement activation, restricting this innate defense mechanism to microbial infections. Mutations in this gene have been associated with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) and chronic hypocomplementemic nephropathy. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| GPT2 | glutamic pyruvate transaminase (alanine aminotransferase) 2|This gene encodes a mitochondrial alanine transaminase, a pyridoxal enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to generate pyruvate and glutamate. Alanine transaminases play roles in gluconeogenesis and amino acid metabolism in many tissues including skeletal muscle, kidney, and liver. Activating transcription factor 4 upregulates this gene under metabolic stress conditions in hepatocyte cell lines. A loss of function mutation in this gene has been associated with developmental encephalopathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| FBXO3 | F-box protein 3|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of the ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbxs class. Alternative splicing of this gene generates 2 transcript variants diverging at the 3' end. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PNP | purine nucleoside phosphorylase|This gene encodes an enzyme which reversibly catalyzes the phosphorolysis of purine nucleosides. The enzyme is trimeric, containing three identical subunits. Mutations which result in nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency result in defective T-cell (cell-mediated) immunity but can also affect B-cell immunity and antibody responses. Neurologic disorders may also be apparent in patients with immune defects. A known polymorphism at aa position 51 that does not affect enzyme activity has been described. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC4A7 | solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7|This locus encodes a sodium bicarbonate cotransporter. The encoded transmembrane protein appears to transport sodium and bicarbonate ions in a 1:1 ratio, and is thus considered an electroneutral cotransporter. The encoded protein likely plays a critical role in regulation of intracellular pH involved in visual and auditory sensory transmission. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| CFB | complement factor B|This gene encodes complement factor B, a component of the alternative pathway of complement activation. Factor B circulates in the blood as a single chain polypeptide. Upon activation of the alternative pathway, it is cleaved by complement factor D yielding the noncatalytic chain Ba and the catalytic subunit Bb. The active subunit Bb is a serine protease which associates with C3b to form the alternative pathway C3 convertase. Bb is involved in the proliferation of preactivated B lymphocytes, while Ba inhibits their proliferation. This gene localizes to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region on chromosome 6. This cluster includes several genes involved in regulation of the immune reaction. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with a reduced risk of age-related macular degeneration. The polyadenylation site of this gene is 421 bp from the 5' end of the gene for complement component 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CLEC2D | C-type lectin domain family 2, member D|This gene encodes a member of the natural killer cell receptor C-type lectin family. The encoded protein inhibits osteoclast formation and contains a transmembrane domain near the N-terminus as well as the C-type lectin-like extracellular domain. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| MLLT4 | myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia (trithorax homolog, Drosophila); translocated to, 4|This gene encodes a multi-domain protein involved in signaling and organization of cell junctions during embryogenesis. It has also been identified as the fusion partner of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL-1) gene, involved in acute myeloid leukemias with t(6;11)(q27;q23) translocation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene, however, not all have been fully characterized.[provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| CREBBP | CREB binding protein|This gene is ubiquitously expressed and is involved in the transcriptional coactivation of many different transcription factors. First isolated as a nuclear protein that binds to cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), this gene is now known to play critical roles in embryonic development, growth control, and homeostasis by coupling chromatin remodeling to transcription factor recognition. The protein encoded by this gene has intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity and also acts as a scaffold to stabilize additional protein interactions with the transcription complex. This protein acetylates both histone and non-histone proteins. This protein shares regions of very high sequence similarity with protein p300 in its bromodomain, cysteine-histidine-rich regions, and histone acetyltransferase domain. Mutations in this gene cause Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS). Chromosomal translocations involving this gene have been associated with acute myeloid leukemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| PNN | pinin, desmosome associated protein| |
| ATP6V0E1 | ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 9kDa, V0 subunit e1|This gene encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of eukaryotic intracellular organelles. V-ATPase dependent organelle acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. V-ATPase is composed of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. The V1 domain consists of three A and three B subunits, two G subunits plus the C, D, E, F, and H subunits. The V1 domain contains the ATP catalytic site. The V0 domain consists of five different subunits: a, c, c', c", and d. Additional isoforms of many of the V1 and V0 subunit proteins are encoded by multiple genes or alternatively spliced transcript variants. This encoded protein is possibly part of the V0 subunit. Since two nontranscribed pseudogenes have been found in dog, it is possible that the localization to chromosome 2 for this gene by radiation hybrid mapping is representing a pseudogene. Genomic mapping puts the chromosomal location on 5q35.3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATP6V0E2 | ATPase, H+ transporting V0 subunit e2|Multisubunit vacuolar-type proton pumps, or H(+)-ATPases, acidify various intracellular compartments, such as vacuoles, clathrin-coated and synaptic vesicles, endosomes, lysosomes, and chromaffin granules. H(+)-ATPases are also found in plasma membranes of specialized cells, where they play roles in urinary acidification, bone resorption, and sperm maturation. Multiple subunits form H(+)-ATPases, with proteins of the V1 class hydrolyzing ATP for energy to transport H+, and proteins of the V0 class forming an integral membrane domain through which H+ is transported. ATP6V0E2 encodes an isoform of the H(+)-ATPase V0 e subunit, an essential proton pump component (Blake-Palmer et al., 2007 [PubMed 17350184]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CFP | complement factor properdin|This gene encodes a plasma glycoprotein that positively regulates the alternative complement pathway of the innate immune system. This protein binds to many microbial surfaces and apoptotic cells and stabilizes the C3- and C5-convertase enzyme complexes in a feedback loop that ultimately leads to formation of the membrane attack complex and lysis of the target cell. Mutations in this gene result in two forms of properdin deficiency, which results in high susceptibility to meningococcal infections. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| AAAS | achalasia, adrenocortical insufficiency, alacrimia|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the WD-repeat family of regulatory proteins and may be involved in normal development of the peripheral and central nervous system. The encoded protein is part of the nuclear pore complex and is anchored there by NDC1. Defects in this gene are a cause of achalasia-addisonianism-alacrima syndrome (AAAS), also called triple-A syndrome or Allgrove syndrome. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| HAMP | hepcidin antimicrobial peptide|The product encoded by this gene is involved in the maintenance of iron homeostasis, and it is necessary for the regulation of iron storage in macrophages, and for intestinal iron absorption. The preproprotein is post-translationally cleaved into mature peptides of 20, 22 and 25 amino acids, and these active peptides are rich in cysteines, which form intramolecular bonds that stabilize their beta-sheet structures. These peptides exhibit antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. Mutations in this gene cause hemochromatosis type 2B, also known as juvenile hemochromatosis, a disease caused by severe iron overload that results in cardiomyopathy, cirrhosis, and endocrine failure. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| EDC3 | enhancer of mRNA decapping 3|EDC3 is associated with an mRNA-decapping complex required for removal of the 5-prime cap from mRNA prior to its degradation from the 5-prime end (Fenger-Gron et al., 2005 [PubMed 16364915]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SIDT2 | SID1 transmembrane family, member 2| |
| CDH24 | cadherin 24, type 2| |
| NUP188 | nucleoporin 188kDa|The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is found on the nuclear envelope and forms a gateway that regulates the flow of proteins and RNAs between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. The NPC is comprised of approximately 30 distinct proteins collectively known as nucleoporins. Nucleoporins are pore-complex-specific glycoproteins which often have cytoplasmically oriented O-linked N-acetylglucosamine residues and numerous repeats of the pentapeptide sequence XFXFG. However, the nucleoporin protein encoded by this gene does not contain the typical FG repeat sequences found in most vertebrate nucleoporins. This nucleoporin is thought to form part of the scaffold for the central channel of the nuclear pore. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| SIX4 | SIX homeobox 4|This gene encodes a member of the homeobox family, subfamily SIX. The drosophila homolog is a nuclear homeoprotein required for eye development. Studies in mouse show that this gene product functions as a transcription factor, and may have a role in the differentiation or maturation of neuronal cells. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| SIX5 | SIX homeobox 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor that appears to function in the regulation of organogenesis. This gene is located downstream of the dystrophia myotonica-protein kinase gene. Mutations in this gene are a cause of branchiootorenal syndrome type 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| SIX6 | SIX homeobox 6|The protein encoded by this gene is a homeobox protein that is similar to the Drosophila 'sine oculis' gene product. This gene is found in a cluster of related genes on chromosome 14 and is thought to be involved in eye development. Defects in this gene are a cause of isolated microphthalmia with cataract type 2 (MCOPCT2). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MR1 | major histocompatibility complex, class I-related| |
| SIX2 | SIX homeobox 2|This gene is a member of the vertebrate gene family which encode proteins homologous to the Drosophila 'sine oculis' homeobox protein. The encoded protein is a transcription factor which, like other members of this gene family, may be involved in limb or eye development. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| SIX3 | SIX homeobox 3|This gene encodes a member of the sine oculis homeobox transcription factor family. The encoded protein plays a role in eye development. Mutations in this gene have been associated with holoprosencephaly type 2. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| PAOX | polyamine oxidase (exo-N4-amino)| |
| CNPY4 | canopy FGF signaling regulator 4| |
| CNPY3 | canopy FGF signaling regulator 3|PRAT4A is associated with the immature form of TLR4 (MIM 603030) and regulates its cell surface expression (Wakabayashi et al., 2006 [PubMed 16849487]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CNPY2 | canopy FGF signaling regulator 2| |
| NODAL | nodal growth differentiation factor|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TGF-beta superfamily. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggested that this gene may be essential for mesoderm formation and subsequent organization of axial structures in early embryonic development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COPG2 | coatomer protein complex, subunit gamma 2| |
| KNDC1 | kinase non-catalytic C-lobe domain (KIND) containing 1| |
| HMG20A | high mobility group 20A| |
| HMG20B | high mobility group 20B| |
| LINC00305 | long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 305| |
| AAGAB | alpha- and gamma-adaptin binding protein|The protein encoded by this gene interacts with the gamma-adaptin and alpha-adaptin subunits of complexes involved in clathrin-coated vesicle trafficking. Mutations in this gene are associated with type I punctate palmoplantar keratoderma. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| DYNC1I1 | dynein, cytoplasmic 1, intermediate chain 1| |
| RAB12 | RAB12, member RAS oncogene family| |
| C4orf19 | chromosome 4 open reading frame 19| |
| COPG1 | coatomer protein complex, subunit gamma 1| |
| MRO | maestro|This gene is specifically transcribed in males before and after differentiation of testis, and the encoded protein may play an important role in a mammalian sex determination. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZFP82 | ZFP82 zinc finger protein| |
| CHFR | checkpoint with forkhead and ring finger domains, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This gene encodes an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase required for the maintenance of the antephase checkpoint that regulates cell cycle entry into mitosis and, therefore, may play a key role in cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis. The encoded protein has an N-terminal forkhead-associated domain, a central RING-finger domain, and a cysteine-rich C-terminal region. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| SMDT1 | single-pass membrane protein with aspartate-rich tail 1| |
| TIGD1 | tigger transposable element derived 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the tigger subfamily of the pogo superfamily of DNA-mediated transposons in humans. These proteins are related to DNA transposons found in fungi and nematodes, and more distantly to the Tc1 and mariner transposases. They are also very similar to the major mammalian centromere protein B. The exact function of this gene is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SYPL2 | synaptophysin-like 2| |
| RFPL4AL1 | ret finger protein-like 4A-like 1| |
| RCOR2 | REST corepressor 2| |
| RFX4 | regulatory factor X, 4 (influences HLA class II expression)|This gene is a member of the regulatory factor X gene family, which encodes transcription factors that contain a highly-conserved winged helix DNA binding domain. The protein encoded by this gene is structurally related to regulatory factors X1, X2, X3, and X5. It has been shown to interact with itself as well as with regulatory factors X2 and X3, but it does not interact with regulatory factor X1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| RFX5 | regulatory factor X, 5 (influences HLA class II expression)|A lack of MHC-II expression results in a severe immunodeficiency syndrome called MHC-II deficiency, or the bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS; MIM 209920). At least 4 complementation groups have been identified in B-cell lines established from patients with BLS. The molecular defects in complementation groups B, C, and D all lead to a deficiency in RFX, a nuclear protein complex that binds to the X box of MHC-II promoters. The lack of RFX binding activity in complementation group C results from mutations in the RFX5 gene encoding the 75-kD subunit of RFX (Steimle et al., 1995). RFX5 is the fifth member of the growing family of DNA-binding proteins sharing a novel and highly characteristic DNA-binding domain called the RFX motif. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found but the full-length natures of only two have been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| APP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein|This gene encodes a cell surface receptor and transmembrane precursor protein that is cleaved by secretases to form a number of peptides. Some of these peptides are secreted and can bind to the acetyltransferase complex APBB1/TIP60 to promote transcriptional activation, while others form the protein basis of the amyloid plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease. In addition, two of the peptides are antimicrobial peptides, having been shown to have bacteriocidal and antifungal activities. Mutations in this gene have been implicated in autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease and cerebroarterial amyloidosis (cerebral amyloid angiopathy). Multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014] |
| RFX7 | regulatory factor X, 7|RFX7 is a member of the regulatory factor X (RFX) family of transcription factors (see RFX1, MIM 600006) (Aftab et al., 2008 [PubMed 18673564]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2009] |
| NRXN3 | neurexin 3|This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins that function in the nervous system as receptors and cell adhesion molecules. Extensive alternative splicing and the use of alternative promoters results in multiple transcript variants and protein isoforms for this gene, but the full-length nature of many of these variants has not been determined. Transcripts that initiate from an upstream promoter encode alpha isoforms, which contain epidermal growth factor-like (EGF-like) sequences and laminin G domains. Transcripts initiating from the downstream promoter encode beta isoforms, which lack EGF-like sequences. Genetic variation at this locus has been associated with a range of behavioral phenotypes, including alcohol dependence and autism spectrum disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| RFX1 | regulatory factor X, 1 (influences HLA class II expression)|This gene is a member of the regulatory factor X gene family, which encodes transcription factors that contain a highly-conserved winged helix DNA binding domain. The protein encoded by this gene is structurally related to regulatory factors X2, X3, X4, and X5. It is a transcriptional activator that can bind DNA as a monomer or as a heterodimer with RFX family members X2, X3, and X5, but not with X4. This protein binds to the X-boxes of MHC class II genes and is essential for their expression. Also, it can bind to an inverted repeat that is required for expression of hepatitis B virus genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RFX2 | regulatory factor X, 2 (influences HLA class II expression)|This gene is a member of the regulatory factor X gene family, which encodes transcription factors that contain a highly-conserved winged helix DNA binding domain. The protein encoded by this gene is structurally related to regulatory factors X1, X3, X4, and X5. It is a transcriptional activator that can bind DNA as a monomer or as a heterodimer with other RFX family members. This protein can bind to cis elements in the promoter of the IL-5 receptor alpha gene. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene, and both variants utilize alternative polyadenylation sites. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RFX3 | regulatory factor X, 3 (influences HLA class II expression)|This gene is a member of the regulatory factor X gene family, which encodes transcription factors that contain a highly-conserved winged helix DNA binding domain. The protein encoded by this gene is structurally related to regulatory factors X1, X2, X4, and X5. It is a transcriptional activator that can bind DNA as a monomer or as a heterodimer with other RFX family members. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| YDJC | YdjC homolog (bacterial)| |
| IBA57 | IBA57, iron-sulfur cluster assembly homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| APC | adenomatous polyposis coli|This gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein that acts as an antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathway. It is also involved in other processes including cell migration and adhesion, transcriptional activation, and apoptosis. Defects in this gene cause familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an autosomal dominant pre-malignant disease that usually progresses to malignancy. Disease-associated mutations tend to be clustered in a small region designated the mutation cluster region (MCR) and result in a truncated protein product. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM179B | transmembrane protein 179B| |
| ABCE1 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family E (OABP), member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the OABP subfamily. Alternatively referred to as the RNase L inhibitor, this protein functions to block the activity of ribonuclease L. Activation of ribonuclease L leads to inhibition of protein synthesis in the 2-5A/RNase L system, the central pathway for viral interferon action. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UQCRC2 | ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein II| |
| XPNPEP1 | X-prolyl aminopeptidase (aminopeptidase P) 1, soluble|This gene encodes the cytosolic form of a metalloaminopeptidase that catalyzes the cleavage of the N-terminal amino acid adjacent to a proline residue. The gene product may play a role in degradation and maturation of tachykinins, neuropeptides, and peptide hormones. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| XPNPEP3 | X-prolyl aminopeptidase 3, mitochondrial|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of X-pro-aminopeptidases that utilize a metal cofactor, and remove the N-terminal amino acid from peptides with a proline residue in the penultimate position. This protein has been shown to localize to the mitochondria of renal cells, and have a role in ciliary function. Mutations in this gene are associated with nephronophthisis-like nephropathy-1. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene, however, expression of some of these isoforms in vivo is not known.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| SLC4A2 | solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2| |
| GGCX | gamma-glutamyl carboxylase|This gene encodes an enzyme which catalyzes the posttranslational modification of vitamin K-dependent protein. Many of these vitamin K-dependent proteins are involved in coagulation so the function of the encoded enzyme is essential for hemostasis. Mutations in this gene are associated with vitamin K-dependent coagulation defect and PXE-like disorder with multiple coagulation factor deficiency. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| SLC6A20 | solute carrier family 6 (proline IMINO transporter), member 20|Transport of small hydrophilic substances across cell membranes is mediated by substrate-specific transporter proteins which have been classified into several families of related genes. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the subgroup of transporter with unidentified substrates within the Na+ and Cl- coupled transporter family. This gene is expressed in kidney, and its alternative splicing generates 2 transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RETSAT | retinol saturase (all-trans-retinol 13,14-reductase)| |
| ZNF57 | zinc finger protein 57| |
| KHDRBS1 | KH domain containing, RNA binding, signal transduction associated 1|This gene encodes a member of the K homology domain-containing, RNA-binding, signal transduction-associated protein family. The encoded protein appears to have many functions and may be involved in a variety of cellular processes, including alternative splicing, cell cycle regulation, RNA 3'-end formation, tumorigenesis, and regulation of human immunodeficiency virus gene expression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| KHDRBS3 | KH domain containing, RNA binding, signal transduction associated 3| |
| GGCT | gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the formation of 5-oxoproline from gamma-glutamyl dipeptides, the penultimate step in glutathione catabolism, and may play a critical role in glutathione homeostasis. The encoded protein may also play a role in cell proliferation, and the expression of this gene is a potential marker for cancer. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on the long arm of chromosome 5 and the short arm of chromosomes 2 and 20. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| ZNF395 | zinc finger protein 395| |
| ZNHIT6 | zinc finger, HIT-type containing 6| |
| TBL1Y | transducin (beta)-like 1, Y-linked|The protein encoded by this gene has sequence similarity with members of the WD40 repeat-containing protein family. The WD40 group is a large family of proteins, which appear to have a regulatory function. It is believed that the WD40 repeats mediate protein-protein interactions and members of the family are involved in signal transduction, RNA processing, gene regulation, vesicular trafficking, cytoskeletal assembly and may play a role in the control of cytotypic differentiation. This gene is highly similar to TBL1X gene in nucleotide sequence and protein sequence, but the TBL1X gene is located on chromosome X and this gene is on chromosome Y. This gene has three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LHCGR | luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor|This gene encodes the receptor for both luteinizing hormone and choriogonadotropin. This receptor belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family, and its activity is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase. Mutations in this gene result in disorders of male secondary sexual character development, including familial male precocious puberty, also known as testotoxicosis, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, Leydig cell adenoma with precocious puberty, and male pseudohermaphtoditism with Leydig cell hypoplasia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPR78 | G protein-coupled receptor 78|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor family, which contain 7 transmembrane domains and transduce extracellular signals through heterotrimeric G proteins. This is an orphan receptor, which displays significant level of constitutive activity. Association analysis shows preliminary evidence for the involvement of this gene in susceptibility to bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| LRFN2 | leucine rich repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing 2| |
| MIB2 | mindbomb E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2| |
| C11orf1 | chromosome 11 open reading frame 1| |
| TARS2 | threonyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial (putative)|This gene encodes a member of the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. The encoded protein is a mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 4. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| DPYSL2 | dihydropyrimidinase-like 2|This gene encodes a member of the collapsin response mediator protein family. Collapsin response mediator proteins form homo- and hetero-tetramers and facilitate neuron guidance, growth and polarity. The encoded protein promotes microtubule assembly and is required for Sema3A-mediated growth cone collapse, and also plays a role in synaptic signaling through interactions with calcium channels. This gene has been implicated in multiple neurological disorders, and hyperphosphorylation of the encoded protein may play a key role in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| DPYSL3 | dihydropyrimidinase-like 3| |
| ADAMTS2 | ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 2|This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The enzyme encoded by this gene excises the N-propeptide of type I, type II and type V procollagens. Mutations in this gene cause Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VIIC, a recessively inherited connective-tissue disorder. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| ACHE | acetylcholinesterase (Yt blood group)|Acetylcholinesterase hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions and brain cholinergic synapses, and thus terminates signal transmission. It is also found on the red blood cell membranes, where it constitutes the Yt blood group antigen. Acetylcholinesterase exists in multiple molecular forms which possess similar catalytic properties, but differ in their oligomeric assembly and mode of cell attachment to the cell surface. It is encoded by the single ACHE gene, and the structural diversity in the gene products arises from alternative mRNA splicing, and post-translational associations of catalytic and structural subunits. The major form of acetylcholinesterase found in brain, muscle and other tissues is the hydrophilic species, which forms disulfide-linked oligomers with collagenous, or lipid-containing structural subunits. The other, alternatively spliced form, expressed primarily in the erythroid tissues, differs at the C-terminal end, and contains a cleavable hydrophobic peptide with a GPI-anchor site. It associates with the membranes through the phosphoinositide (PI) moieties added post-translationally. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IGFBP2 | insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2, 36kDa| |
| IGFBP3 | insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3|This gene is a member of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) family and encodes a protein with an IGFBP domain and a thyroglobulin type-I domain. The protein forms a ternary complex with insulin-like growth factor acid-labile subunit (IGFALS) and either insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I or II. In this form, it circulates in the plasma, prolonging the half-life of IGFs and altering their interaction with cell surface receptors. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IGFBP1 | insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1|This gene is a member of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) family and encodes a protein with an IGFBP domain and a thyroglobulin type-I domain. The protein binds both insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) I and II and circulates in the plasma. Binding of this protein prolongs the half-life of the IGFs and alters their interaction with cell surface receptors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HBE1 | hemoglobin, epsilon 1|The epsilon globin gene (HBE) is normally expressed in the embryonic yolk sac: two epsilon chains together with two zeta chains (an alpha-like globin) constitute the embryonic hemoglobin Hb Gower I; two epsilon chains together with two alpha chains form the embryonic Hb Gower II. Both of these embryonic hemoglobins are normally supplanted by fetal, and later, adult hemoglobin. The five beta-like globin genes are found within a 45 kb cluster on chromosome 11 in the following order: 5'-epsilon - G-gamma - A-gamma - delta - beta-3' [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IGFBP7 | insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7|This gene encodes a member of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein (IGFBP) family. IGFBPs bind IGFs with high affinity, and regulate IGF availability in body fluids and tissues and modulate IGF binding to its receptors. This protein binds IGF-I and IGF-II with relatively low affinity, and belongs to a subfamily of low-affinity IGFBPs. It also stimulates prostacyclin production and cell adhesion. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene, and one variant has been associated with retinal arterial macroaneurysm (PMID:21835307). [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| IGFBP4 | insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4|This gene is a member of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) family and encodes a protein with an IGFBP domain and a thyroglobulin type-I domain. The protein binds both insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) I and II and circulates in the plasma in both glycosylated and non-glycosylated forms. Binding of this protein prolongs the half-life of the IGFs and alters their interaction with cell surface receptors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IGFBP5 | insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5| |
| ARF1 | ADP-ribosylation factor 1|ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) is a member of the human ARF gene family. The family members encode small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that stimulate the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of cholera toxin and play a role in vesicular trafficking as activators of phospholipase D. The gene products, including 6 ARF proteins and 11 ARF-like proteins, constitute a family of the RAS superfamily. The ARF proteins are categorized as class I (ARF1, ARF2 and ARF3), class II (ARF4 and ARF5) and class III (ARF6), and members of each class share a common gene organization. The ARF1 protein is localized to the Golgi apparatus and has a central role in intra-Golgi transport. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SKP2 | S-phase kinase-associated protein 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbls class; in addition to an F-box, this protein contains 10 tandem leucine-rich repeats. This protein is an essential element of the cyclin A-CDK2 S-phase kinase. It specifically recognizes phosphorylated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B, also referred to as p27 or KIP1) predominantly in S phase and interacts with S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1 or p19). In addition, this gene is established as a protooncogene causally involved in the pathogenesis of lymphomas. Alternative splicing of this gene generates three transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| P2RX4 | purinergic receptor P2X, ligand gated ion channel, 4|The product of this gene belongs to the family of purinoceptors for ATP. This receptor functions as a ligand-gated ion channel with high calcium permeability. The main pharmacological distinction between the members of the purinoceptor family is the relative sensitivity to the antagonists suramin and PPADS. The product of this gene has the lowest sensitivity for these antagonists. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants, some protein-coding and some not protein-coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| CYP2R1 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily R, polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This enzyme is a microsomal vitamin D hydroxylase that converts vitamin D into the active ligand for the vitamin D receptor. A mutation in this gene has been associated with selective 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CKLF | chemokine-like factor|The product of this gene is a cytokine. Cytokines are small proteins that have an essential role in the immune and inflammatory responses. This gene is one of several chemokine-like factor genes located in a cluster on chromosome 16. The protein encoded by this gene is a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. It also can stimulate the proliferation of skeletal muscle cells. This protein may play important roles in inflammation and in the regeneration of skeletal muscle. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. Naturally occurring read-through transcription occurs between this locus and the neighboring locus CMTM1 (CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 1).[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| HNRNPA1L2 | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1-like 2| |
| GJA1 | gap junction protein, alpha 1, 43kDa|This gene is a member of the connexin gene family. The encoded protein is a component of gap junctions, which are composed of arrays of intercellular channels that provide a route for the diffusion of low molecular weight materials from cell to cell. The encoded protein is the major protein of gap junctions in the heart that are thought to have a crucial role in the synchronized contraction of the heart and in embryonic development. A related intronless pseudogene has been mapped to chromosome 5. Mutations in this gene have been associated with oculodentodigital dysplasia, autosomal recessive craniometaphyseal dysplasia and heart malformations. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| GJA3 | gap junction protein, alpha 3, 46kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is a connexin and is a component of lens fiber gap junctions. Defects in this gene are a cause of zonular pulverulent cataract type 3 (CZP3). [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| GJA4 | gap junction protein, alpha 4, 37kDa|This gene encodes a member of the connexin gene family. The encoded protein is a component of gap junctions, which are composed of arrays of intercellular channels that provide a route for the diffusion of low molecular weight materials from cell to cell. Mutations in this gene have been associated with atherosclerosis and a higher risk of myocardial infarction. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GJA5 | gap junction protein, alpha 5, 40kDa|This gene is a member of the connexin gene family. The encoded protein is a component of gap junctions, which are composed of arrays of intercellular channels that provide a route for the diffusion of low molecular weight materials from cell to cell. Mutations in this gene may be associated with atrial fibrillation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same isoform have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GJA8 | gap junction protein, alpha 8, 50kDa|This gene encodes a transmembrane connexin protein that is necessary for lens growth and maturation of lens fiber cells. The encoded protein is a component of gap junction channels and functions in a calcium and pH-dependent manner. Mutations in this gene have been associated with zonular pulverulent cataracts, nuclear progressive cataracts, and cataract-microcornea syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| GJA9 | gap junction protein, alpha 9, 59kDa|Connexins, such as GJA9, are involved in the formation of gap junctions, intercellular conduits that directly connect the cytoplasms of contacting cells. Each gap junction channel is formed by docking of 2 hemichannels, each of which contains 6 connexin subunits (Sohl et al., 2003 [PubMed 12881038]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CHERP | calcium homeostasis endoplasmic reticulum protein| |
| KDM3B | lysine (K)-specific demethylase 3B| |
| ZNF117 | zinc finger protein 117| |
| KDM3A | lysine (K)-specific demethylase 3A|This gene encodes a zinc finger protein that contains a jumonji domain and may play a role in hormone-dependent transcriptional activation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| PPP6R3 | protein phosphatase 6, regulatory subunit 3|Protein phosphatase regulatory subunits, such as SAPS3, modulate the activity of protein phosphatase catalytic subunits by restricting substrate specificity, recruiting substrates, and determining the intracellular localization of the holoenzyme. SAPS3 is a regulatory subunit for the protein phosphatase-6 catalytic subunit (PPP6C; MIM 612725) (Stefansson and Brautigan, 2006 [PubMed 16769727]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| TMC4 | transmembrane channel-like 4| |
| TMC5 | transmembrane channel-like 5| |
| TMC6 | transmembrane channel-like 6|Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is an autosomal recessive dermatosis characterized by abnormal susceptibility to human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and a high rate of progression to squamous cell carcinoma on sun-exposed skin. EV is caused by mutations in either of two adjacent genes located on chromosome 17q25.3. Both of these genes encode integral membrane proteins that localize to the endoplasmic reticulum and are predicted to form transmembrane channels. This gene encodes a transmembrane channel-like protein with 10 transmembrane domains and 2 leucine zipper motifs. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMC7 | transmembrane channel-like 7| |
| APIP | APAF1 interacting protein|APIP is an APAF1 (MIM 602233)-interacting protein that acts as a negative regulator of ischemic/hypoxic injury (Cho et al., 2004 [PubMed 15262985]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2008] |
| TMC1 | transmembrane channel-like 1|This gene is considered a member of a gene family predicted to encode transmembrane proteins. The specific function of this gene is unknown; however, it is known to be required for normal function of cochlear hair cells. Mutations in this gene have been associated with progressive postlingual hearing loss and profound prelingual deafness. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPR15 | G protein-coupled receptor 15|This gene encodes a G protein-coupled receptor that acts as a chemokine receptor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2. The encoded protein localizes to the cell membrane. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| WASF1 | WAS protein family, member 1|The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP)-family, plays a critical role downstream of Rac, a Rho-family small GTPase, in regulating the actin cytoskeleton required for membrane ruffling. It has been shown to associate with an actin nucleation core Arp2/3 complex while enhancing actin polymerization in vitro. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is a disease of the immune system, likely due to defects in regulation of actin cytoskeleton. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EIF2B4 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B, subunit 4 delta, 67kDa|Eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (EIF2B), which is necessary for protein synthesis, is a GTP exchange factor composed of five different subunits. The protein encoded by this gene is the fourth, or delta, subunit. Defects in this gene are a cause of leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter (VWM) and ovarioleukodystrophy. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EIF2B5 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B, subunit 5 epsilon, 82kDa|This gene encodes one of five subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (EIF2B), a GTP exchange factor for eukaryotic initiation factor 2 and an essential regulator for protein synthesis. Mutations in this gene and the genes encoding other EIF2B subunits have been associated with leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| EIF2B2 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B, subunit 2 beta, 39kDa|This gene encodes the beta subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor-2B (EIF2B). EIF2B is involved in protein synthesis and exchanges GDP and GTP for its activation and deactivation. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| EIF2B3 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B, subunit 3 gamma, 58kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is one of the subunits of initiation factor eIF2B, which catalyzes the exchange of eukaryotic initiation factor 2-bound GDP for GTP. It has also been found to function as a cofactor of hepatitis C virus internal ribosome entry site-mediated translation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with leukodystrophy with vanishing white matter. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| EIF2B1 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B, subunit 1 alpha, 26kDa|This gene encodes one of five subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (EIF2B), a GTP exchange factor for eukaryotic initiation factor 2 and an essential regulator for protein synthesis. Mutations in this gene and the genes encoding other EIF2B subunits have been associated with leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| PRKAR2A | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha|cAMP is a signaling molecule important for a variety of cellular functions. cAMP exerts its effects by activating the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which transduces the signal through phosphorylation of different target proteins. The inactive kinase holoenzyme is a tetramer composed of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. Four different regulatory subunits and three catalytic subunits have been identified in humans. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the regulatory subunits. This subunit can be phosphorylated by the activated catalytic subunit. It may interact with various A-kinase anchoring proteins and determine the subcellular localization of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. This subunit has been shown to regulate protein transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus and further to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRKAR2B | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, beta|cAMP is a signaling molecule important for a variety of cellular functions. cAMP exerts its effects by activating the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which transduces the signal through phosphorylation of different target proteins. The inactive kinase holoenzyme is a tetramer composed of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. Four different regulatory subunits and three catalytic subunits have been identified in humans. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the regulatory subunits. This subunit can be phosphorylated by the activated catalytic subunit. This subunit has been shown to interact with and suppress the transcriptional activity of the cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1) in activated T cells. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this subunit may play an important role in regulating energy balance and adiposity. The studies also suggest that this subunit may mediate the gene induction and cataleptic behavior induced by haloperidol. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C20orf57 | chromosome 20 open reading frame 57| |
| MAGT1 | magnesium transporter 1|This gene encodes a magnesium cation transporter protein that localizes to the cell membrane. This protein also associates with N-oligosaccharyl transferase and therefore may have a role in N-glycosylation. Mutations in this gene cause mental retardation X-linked type 95 (MRX95). This gene may have multiple in-frame translation initiation sites, one of which would encode a shorter protein with an N-terminus containing a signal peptide at amino acids 1-29. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| TXNIP | thioredoxin interacting protein| |
| MLF1 | myeloid leukemia factor 1|This gene encodes an oncoprotein which is thought to play a role in the phenotypic determination of hemopoetic cells. Translocations between this gene and nucleophosmin have been associated with myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| QPRT | quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase|This gene encodes a key enzyme in catabolism of quinolinate, an intermediate in the tryptophan-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide pathway. Quinolinate acts as a most potent endogenous exitotoxin to neurons. Elevation of quinolinate levels in the brain has been linked to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IFT140 | intraflagellar transport 140|This gene encodes one of the subunits of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex A. Intraflagellar transport is involved in the genesis, resorption and signaling of primary cilia. The primary cilium is a microtubule-based sensory organelle at the surface of most quiescent mammalian cells, that receives signals from its environment, such as the flow of fluid, light or odors, and transduces those signals to the nucleus. Loss of the corresponding protein in mouse results in renal cystic disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| RSPH9 | radial spoke head 9 homolog (Chlamydomonas)|This gene encodes a protein thought to be a component of the radial spoke head in motile cilia and flagella. Mutations in this gene are associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia 12. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| TMEM14C | transmembrane protein 14C| |
| TMEM14B | transmembrane protein 14B| |
| TMEM14A | transmembrane protein 14A| |
| CFLAR | CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator|The protein encoded by this gene is a regulator of apoptosis and is structurally similar to caspase-8. However, the encoded protein lacks caspase activity and appears to be itself cleaved into two peptides by caspase-8. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, and partial evidence for several more variants exists. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| MECOM | MDS1 and EVI1 complex locus|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional regulator and oncoprotein that may be involved in hematopoiesis, apoptosis, development, and cell differentiation and proliferation. The encoded protein can interact with CTBP1, SMAD3, CREBBP, KAT2B, MAPK8, and MAPK9. This gene can undergo translocation with the AML1 gene, resulting in overexpression of this gene and the onset of leukemia. Several transcript variants encoding a few different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| RSPH3 | radial spoke 3 homolog (Chlamydomonas)| |
| IFI16 | interferon, gamma-inducible protein 16|This gene encodes a member of the HIN-200 (hematopoietic interferon-inducible nuclear antigens with 200 amino acid repeats) family of cytokines. The encoded protein contains domains involved in DNA binding, transcriptional regulation, and protein-protein interactions. The protein localizes to the nucleoplasm and nucleoli, and interacts with p53 and retinoblastoma-1. It modulates p53 function, and inhibits cell growth in the Ras/Raf signaling pathway. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011] |
| ZNF396 | zinc finger protein 396| |
| LURAP1 | leucine rich adaptor protein 1| |
| TPBGL | trophoblast glycoprotein-like| |
| MYT1L | myelin transcription factor 1-like| |
| SHOX2 | short stature homeobox 2|This gene is a member of the homeobox family of genes that encode proteins containing a 60-amino acid residue motif that represents a DNA binding domain. Homeobox genes have been characterized extensively as transcriptional regulators involved in pattern formation in both invertebrate and vertebrate species. Several human genetic disorders are caused by aberrations in human homeobox genes. This locus represents a pseudoautosomal homeobox gene that is thought to be responsible for idiopathic short stature, and it is implicated in the short stature phenotype of Turner syndrome patients. This gene is considered to be a candidate gene for Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| CEPT1 | choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferase 1|Cholinephosphotransferase catalyses the final step in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine by the transfer of phosphocholine from CDP-choline to diacylglycerol. The synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine by ethanolaminephosphotransferase occurs using an analogous reaction. This gene codes for a choline/ethanolaminephosphotransferase. The protein can synthesize either choline- or ethanolamine- containing phospholipids. Two alternatively spliced transcripts encoding the same isoform have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CFHR2 | complement factor H-related 2| |
| PHACTR4 | phosphatase and actin regulator 4|This gene encodes a member of the phosphatase and actin regulator (PHACTR) family. Other PHACTR family members have been shown to inhibit protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activity, and the homolog of this gene in the mouse has been shown to interact with actin and PP1. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CLIC4 | chloride intracellular channel 4|Chloride channels are a diverse group of proteins that regulate fundamental cellular processes including stabilization of cell membrane potential, transepithelial transport, maintenance of intracellular pH, and regulation of cell volume. Chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4) protein, encoded by the CLIC4 gene, is a member of the p64 family; the gene is expressed in many tissues and exhibits a intracellular vesicular pattern in Panc-1 cells (pancreatic cancer cells). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CLIC5 | chloride intracellular channel 5|This gene encodes a member of the chloride intracellular channel (CLIC) family of chloride ion channels. The encoded protein associates with actin-based cytoskeletal structures and may play a role in multiple processes including hair cell stereocilia formation, myoblast proliferation and glomerular podocyte and endothelial cell maintenance. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| PHACTR1 | phosphatase and actin regulator 1| |
| CLIC3 | chloride intracellular channel 3|Chloride channels are a diverse group of proteins that regulate fundamental cellular processes including stabilization of cell membrane potential, transepithelial transport, maintenance of intracellular pH, and regulation of cell volume. Chloride intracellular channel 3 is a member of the p64 family and is predominantly localized in the nucleus and stimulates chloride ion channel activity. In addition, this protein may participate in cellular growth control, based on its association with ERK7, a member of the MAP kinase family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LRSAM1 | leucine rich repeat and sterile alpha motif containing 1|This gene encodes a ring finger protein involved in a variety of functions, including regulation of signaling pathways and cell adhesion, mediation of self-ubiquitylation, and involvement in cargo sorting during receptor endocytosis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| PHACTR2 | phosphatase and actin regulator 2| |
| KIAA0020 | KIAA0020| |
| ITGA5 | integrin, alpha 5 (fibronectin receptor, alpha polypeptide)|The product of this gene belongs to the integrin alpha chain family. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This gene encodes the integrin alpha 5 chain. Alpha chain 5 undergoes post-translational cleavage in the extracellular domain to yield disulfide-linked light and heavy chains that join with beta 1 to form a fibronectin receptor. In addition to adhesion, integrins are known to participate in cell-surface mediated signalling. Integrin alpha 5 and integrin alpha V chains are produced by distinct genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| TMEM147 | transmembrane protein 147| |
| ENY2 | enhancer of yellow 2 homolog (Drosophila)| |
| TMEM145 | transmembrane protein 145| |
| CASP5 | caspase 5, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase|This gene encodes a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes which undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. Overexpression of the active form of this enzyme induces apoptosis in fibroblasts. Max, a central component of the Myc/Max/Mad transcription regulation network important for cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, is cleaved by this protein; this process requires Fas-mediated dephosphorylation of Max. The expression of this gene is regulated by interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| TMEM143 | transmembrane protein 143| |
| ITGA6 | integrin, alpha 6|The ITGA6 protein product is the integrin alpha chain alpha 6. Integrins are integral cell-surface proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. A given chain may combine with multiple partners resulting in different integrins. For example, alpha 6 may combine with beta 4 in the integrin referred to as TSP180, or with beta 1 in the integrin VLA-6. Integrins are known to participate in cell adhesion as well as cell-surface mediated signalling. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM141 | transmembrane protein 141| |
| TMEM140 | transmembrane protein 140| |
| SF1 | splicing factor 1|This gene encodes a nuclear pre-mRNA splicing factor. The encoded protein specifically recognizes the intron branch point sequence and is required for the early stages of spliceosome assembly. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| BPNT1 | 3'(2'), 5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase 1|BPNT1, also called bisphosphate 3-prime-nucleotidase, or BPntase, is a member of a magnesium-dependent phosphomonoesterase family. Lithium, a major drug used to treat manic depression, acts as an uncompetitive inhibitor of BPntase. The predicted human protein is 92% identical to mouse BPntase. BPntase's physiologic role in nucleotide metabolism may be regulated by inositol signaling pathways. The inhibition of human BPntase may account for lithium-induced nephrotoxicity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| API5 | apoptosis inhibitor 5|This gene encodes an apoptosis inhibitory protein whose expression prevents apoptosis after growth factor deprivation. This protein suppresses the transcription factor E2F1-induced apoptosis and also interacts with, and negatively regulates Acinus, a nuclear factor involved in apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Its depletion enhances the cytotoxic action of the chemotherapeutic drugs. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| LRFN4 | leucine rich repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing 4| |
| UBE2NL | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2N-like (gene/pseudogene)|This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. The protein product is 91% identical to ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2N, a multi-exon gene product. This locus represents a polymorphic pseudogene, where some individuals contain an allele that can encode a full-length protein, while others have a non-functional allele containing a premature stop codon (reference SNP rs237520) that truncates the coding sequence. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| RNF180 | ring finger protein 180| |
| SECISBP2L | SECIS binding protein 2-like| |
| SOWAHC | sosondowah ankyrin repeat domain family member C| |
| FANCI | Fanconi anemia, complementation group I|The Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ (also called BRIP1), FANCL, FANCM and FANCN (also called PALB2). The previously defined group FANCH is the same as FANCA. Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by cytogenetic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair. The members of the Fanconi anemia complementation group do not share sequence similarity; they are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex. This gene encodes the protein for complementation group I. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HLA-DPA1 | major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP alpha 1|HLA-DPA1 belongs to the HLA class II alpha chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DPA) and a beta (DPB) chain, both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The alpha chain is approximately 33-35 kDa and its gene contains 5 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic tail. Within the DP molecule both the alpha chain and the beta chain contain the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities, resulting in up to 4 different molecules. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM32A | family with sequence similarity 32, member A| |
| KIAA1191 | KIAA1191| |
| FER1L6 | fer-1-like family member 6| |
| VMP1 | vacuole membrane protein 1| |
| PCDHA9 | protocadherin alpha 9|This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VWA1 | von Willebrand factor A domain containing 1|VWA1 belongs to the von Willebrand factor (VWF; MIM 613160) A (VWFA) domain superfamily of extracellular matrix proteins and appears to play a role in cartilage structure and function (Fitzgerald et al., 2002 [PubMed 12062410]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| PRPH2 | peripherin 2 (retinal degeneration, slow)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein found in the outer segment of both rod and cone photoreceptor cells. It may function as an adhesion molecule involved in stabilization and compaction of outer segment disks or in the maintenance of the curvature of the rim. This protein is essential for disk morphogenesis. Defects in this gene are associated with both central and peripheral retinal degenerations. Some of the various phenotypically different disorders are autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa, progressive macular degeneration, macular dystrophy and retinitis pigmentosa digenic. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZMAT3 | zinc finger, matrin-type 3|This gene encodes a protein containing three zinc finger domains and a nuclear localization signal. The mRNA and the protein of this gene are upregulated by wildtype p53 and overexpression of this gene inhibits tumor cell growth, suggesting that this gene may have a role in the p53-dependent growth regulatory pathway. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding two isoforms differing in only one amino acid. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZMAT2 | zinc finger, matrin-type 2| |
| C19orf26 | chromosome 19 open reading frame 26| |
| ZMAT4 | zinc finger, matrin-type 4| |
| C19orf25 | chromosome 19 open reading frame 25| |
| MYBL1 | v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog-like 1| |
| NR1D1 | nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1|This gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the nuclear receptor subfamily 1. The encoded protein is a ligand-sensitive transcription factor that negatively regulates the expression of core clock proteins. In particular this protein represses the circadian clock transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (ARNTL). This protein may also be involved in regulating genes that function in metabolic, inflammatory and cardiovascular processes. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| NR1D2 | nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 2|This gene encodes a member of the nuclear hormone receptor family, specifically the NR1 subfamily of receptors. The encoded protein functions as a transcriptional repressor and may play a role in circadian rhythms and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| MYBL2 | v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog-like 2|The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the MYB family of transcription factor genes, is a nuclear protein involved in cell cycle progression. The encoded protein is phosphorylated by cyclin A/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 during the S-phase of the cell cycle and possesses both activator and repressor activities. It has been shown to activate the cell division cycle 2, cyclin D1, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 genes. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| ITGB1BP1 | integrin beta 1 binding protein 1|The cytoplasmic domains of integrins are essential for cell adhesion. The protein encoded by this gene binds to the beta1 integrin cytoplasmic domain. The interaction between this protein and beta1 integrin is highly specific. Two isoforms of this protein are derived from alternatively spliced transcripts. The shorter form of this protein does not interact with the beta1 integrin cytoplasmic domain. The longer form is a phosphoprotein and the extent of its phosphorylation is regulated by the cell-matrix interaction, suggesting an important role of this protein during integrin-dependent cell adhesion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MUC20 | mucin 20, cell surface associated|This gene encodes a member of the mucin protein family. Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins secreted by many epithelial tissues to form an insoluble mucous barrier. The C-terminus of this family member associates with the multifunctional docking site of the MET proto-oncogene and suppresses activation of some downstream MET signaling cascades. The protein features a mucin tandem repeat domain that varies between two and six copies in most individuals. Multiple variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. A related pseudogene, which is also located on chromosome 3, has been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| ITGB1BP2 | integrin beta 1 binding protein (melusin) 2| |
| ZNF7 | zinc finger protein 7| |
| ZNF2 | zinc finger protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. The exact function of this gene is not known, however, zinc-finger proteins are known to interact with DNA and function as transcription regulators. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| ZNF3 | zinc finger protein 3| |
| CTCFL | CCCTC-binding factor (zinc finger protein)-like|CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), an 11-zinc-finger factor involved in gene regulation, utilizes different zinc fingers to bind varying DNA target sites. CTCF forms methylation-sensitive insulators that regulate X-chromosome inactivation. This gene is a paralog of CTCF and appears to be expressed primarily in the cytoplasm of spermatocytes, unlike CTCF which is expressed primarily in the nucleus of somatic cells. CTCF and the protein encoded by this gene are normally expressed in a mutually exclusive pattern that correlates with resetting of methylation marks during male germ cell differentiation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| PHLDA1 | pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 1|This gene encodes an evolutionarily conserved proline-histidine rich nuclear protein. The encoded protein may play an important role in the anti-apoptotic effects of insulin-like growth factor-1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SMAD3 | SMAD family member 3|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the SMAD, a family of proteins similar to the gene products of the Drosophila gene 'mothers against decapentaplegic' (Mad) and the C. elegans gene Sma. SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple signaling pathways. This protein functions as a transcriptional modulator activated by transforming growth factor-beta and is thought to play a role in the regulation of carcinogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| ZNF8 | zinc finger protein 8| |
| PCP4L1 | Purkinje cell protein 4 like 1| |
| SFRP2 | secreted frizzled-related protein 2|This gene encodes a member of the SFRP family that contains a cysteine-rich domain homologous to the putative Wnt-binding site of Frizzled proteins. SFRPs act as soluble modulators of Wnt signaling. Methylation of this gene is a potential marker for the presence of colorectal cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C11orf16 | chromosome 11 open reading frame 16| |
| ZAP70 | zeta-chain (TCR) associated protein kinase 70kDa|This gene encodes an enzyme belonging to the protein tyrosine kinase family, and it plays a role in T-cell development and lymphocyte activation. This enzyme, which is phosphorylated on tyrosine residues upon T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) stimulation, functions in the initial step of TCR-mediated signal transduction in combination with the Src family kinases, Lck and Fyn. This enzyme is also essential for thymocyte development. Mutations in this gene cause selective T-cell defect, a severe combined immunodeficiency disease characterized by a selective absence of CD8-positive T-cells. Two transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BCL9 | B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9|BCL9 is associated with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It may be a target of translocation in B-cell malignancies with abnormalities of 1q21. Its function is unknown. The overexpression of BCL9 may be of pathogenic significance in B-cell malignancies. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PHLDA2 | pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 2|This gene is located in a cluster of imprinted genes on chromosome 11p15.5, which is considered to be an important tumor suppressor gene region. Alterations in this region may be associated with the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, and lung, ovarian, and breast cancer. This gene has been shown to be imprinted, with preferential expression from the maternal allele in placenta and liver. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| SYNDIG1 | synapse differentiation inducing 1|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the interferon-induced transmembrane family of proteins. A similar protein in rat is thought to regulate the development of excitatory synapses. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| OGFR | opioid growth factor receptor|The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for opioid growth factor (OGF), also known as [Met(5)]-enkephalin. OGF is a negative regulator of cell proliferation and tissue organization in a variety of processes. The encoded unbound receptor for OGF has been localized to the outer nuclear envelope, where it binds OGF and is translocated into the nucleus. The coding sequence of this gene contains a polymorphic region of 60 nt tandem imperfect repeat units. Several transcripts containing between zero and eight repeat units have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EPM2AIP1 | EPM2A (laforin) interacting protein 1|The EPM2A gene, which encodes laforin, is mutated in an autosomal recessive form of adolescent progressive myoclonus epilepsy. The protein encoded by this gene binds to laforin, but its function is not known. This gene is intronless. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| BCAP31 | B-cell receptor-associated protein 31|This gene encodes a member of the B-cell receptor associated protein 31 superfamily. The encoded protein is a multi-pass transmembrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum that is involved in the anterograde transport of membrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi and in caspase 8-mediated apoptosis. Microdeletions in this gene are associated with contiguous ABCD1/DXS1375E deletion syndrome (CADDS), a neonatal disorder. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Two related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosome 16. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| CDC5L | cell division cycle 5-like|The protein encoded by this gene shares a significant similarity with Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc5 gene product, which is a cell cycle regulator important for G2/M transition. This protein has been demonstrated to act as a positive regulator of cell cycle G2/M progression. It was also found to be an essential component of a non-snRNA spliceosome, which contains at least five additional protein factors and is required for the second catalytic step of pre-mRNA splicing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAC2 | ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac2)|This gene encodes a member of the Ras superfamily of small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-metabolizing proteins. The encoded protein localizes to the plasma membrane, where it regulates diverse processes, such as secretion, phagocytosis, and cell polarization. Activity of this protein is also involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species. Mutations in this gene are associated with neutrophil immunodeficiency syndrome. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| RAC3 | ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac3)|The protein encoded by this gene is a GTPase which belongs to the RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins. Members of this superfamily appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events, including the control of cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the activation of protein kinases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GABRQ | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, theta|The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor is a multisubunit chloride channel that mediates the fastest inhibitory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. This gene encodes the theta subunit of the GABA A receptor. The gene is mapped to chromosome Xq28 in a cluster of genes including those that encode the alpha 3 and epsilon subunits of the GABA A receptor. This gene location is also the candidate region of two different neurologic diseases: early-onset parkinsonism (Waisman syndrome) and X-linked mental retardation (MRX3). [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| RAC1 | ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac1)|The protein encoded by this gene is a GTPase which belongs to the RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins. Members of this superfamily appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events, including the control of cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the activation of protein kinases. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| SBDS | Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome|This gene encodes a member of a highly conserved protein family that exists from archaea to vertebrates and plants. The encoded protein may function in RNA metabolism. Mutations within this gene are associated with Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome. An alternative transcript has been described, but its biological nature has not been determined. This gene has a closely linked pseudogene that is distally located. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FIGNL2 | fidgetin-like 2| |
| VCL | vinculin|Vinculin is a cytoskeletal protein associated with cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions, where it is thought to function as one of several interacting proteins involved in anchoring F-actin to the membrane. Defects in VCL are the cause of cardiomyopathy dilated type 1W. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a disorder characterized by ventricular dilation and impaired systolic function, resulting in congestive heart failure and arrhythmia. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the biological validity of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VCP | valosin containing protein|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family that includes putative ATP-binding proteins involved in vesicle transport and fusion, 26S proteasome function, and assembly of peroxisomes. This protein, as a structural protein, is associated with clathrin, and heat-shock protein Hsc70, to form a complex. It has been implicated in a number of cellular events that are regulated during mitosis, including homotypic membrane fusion, spindle pole body function, and ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CPLX1 | complexin 1|Proteins encoded by the complexin/synaphin gene family are cytosolic proteins that function in synaptic vesicle exocytosis. These proteins bind syntaxin, part of the SNAP receptor. The protein product of this gene binds to the SNAP receptor complex and disrupts it, allowing transmitter release. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AP2A1 | adaptor-related protein complex 2, alpha 1 subunit|This gene encodes the alpha 1 adaptin subunit of the adaptor protein 2 (AP-2) complex found in clathrin coated vesicles. The AP-2 complex is a heterotetramer consisting of two large adaptins (alpha or beta), a medium adaptin (mu), and a small adaptin (sigma). The complex is part of the protein coat on the cytoplasmic face of coated vesicles which links clathrin to receptors in vesicles. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding two different isoforms. A third transcript variant has been described, but its full length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AP2A2 | adaptor-related protein complex 2, alpha 2 subunit| |
| VCY | variable charge, Y-linked|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of human VCX/Y genes. This gene family has multiple members on both X and Y chromosomes, and all are expressed exclusively in male germ cells. Members of the VCX/Y family share a high degree of sequence identity, with the exception that a 30-bp unit is tandemly repeated in X-linked members but occurs only once in Y-linked members. VCX/Y genes encode small and highly charged proteins of unknown function. This gene encodes a small, positively charged protein. The presence of a putative bipartite nuclear localization signal suggests that this gene encodes a nuclear protein. The genome has two identical copies of this gene within a palindromic region; this record represents the more centromeric copy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CADPS | Ca++-dependent secretion activator|This gene encodes a novel neural/endocrine-specific cytosolic and peripheral membrane protein required for the Ca2+-regulated exocytosis of secretory vesicles. The protein acts at a stage in exocytosis that follows ATP-dependent priming, which involves the essential synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2). Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and three variants, encoding distinct isoforms, are described. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| MRPS18C | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S18C|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S18P family. The encoded protein is one of three that has significant sequence similarity to bacterial S18 proteins. The primary sequences of the three human mitochondrial S18 proteins are no more closely related to each other than they are to the prokaryotic S18 proteins. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 8p, 12p, 15q, and 22q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PBX2 | pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 2|This gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed member of the TALE/PBX homeobox family. It was identified by its similarity to a homeobox gene which is involved in t(1;19) translocation in acute pre-B-cell leukemias. This protein is a transcriptional activator which binds to the TLX1 promoter. The gene is located within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PBX3 | pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 3| |
| PBX1 | pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 1|This gene encodes a nuclear protein that belongs to the PBX homeobox family of transcriptional factors. Studies in mice suggest that this gene may be involved in the regulation of osteogenesis, and required for skeletal patterning and programming. A chromosomal translocation, t(1;19) involving this gene and TCF3/E2A gene, is associated with pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The resulting fusion protein, in which the DNA binding domain of E2A is replaced by the DNA binding domain of this protein, transforms cells by constitutively activating transcription of genes regulated by the PBX protein family. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| ELMOD1 | ELMO/CED-12 domain containing 1| |
| BCL6 | B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6|The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcription factor and contains an N-terminal POZ domain. This protein acts as a sequence-specific repressor of transcription, and has been shown to modulate the transcription of START-dependent IL-4 responses of B cells. This protein can interact with a variety of POZ-containing proteins that function as transcription corepressors. This gene is found to be frequently translocated and hypermutated in diffuse large-cell lymphoma (DLCL), and may be involved in the pathogenesis of DLCL. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| AIRE | autoimmune regulator|This gene encodes a transcriptional regulator that forms nuclear bodies and interacts with the transcriptional coactivator CREB binding protein. The encoded protein plays an important role in immunity by regulating the expression of autoantigens and negative selection of autoreactive T-cells in the thymus. Mutations in this gene cause the rare autosomal-recessive systemic autoimmune disease termed autoimmune polyendocrinopathy with candidiasis and ectodermal dystrophy (APECED). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| NSUN3 | NOP2/Sun domain family, member 3| |
| NSUN2 | NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase family, member 2|This gene encodes a methyltransferase that catalyzes the methylation of cytosine to 5-methylcytosine (m5C) at position 34 of intron-containing tRNA(Leu)(CAA) precursors. This modification is necessary to stabilize the anticodon-codon pairing and correctly translate the mRNA. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| NSUN5 | NOP2/Sun domain family, member 5|This gene encodes a member of an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins that may function as methyltransferases. This gene is located in a larger region of chromosome 7 that is deleted in Williams-Beuren syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder. There are two pseudogenes for this gene located in the same region of chromosome 7. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| NSUN4 | NOP2/Sun domain family, member 4| |
| NSUN6 | NOP2/Sun domain family, member 6| |
| TUBG1 | tubulin, gamma 1|This gene encodes a member of the tubulin superfamily. The encoded protein localizes to the centrosome where it binds to microtubules as part of a complex referred to as the gamma-tubulin ring complex. The protein mediates microtubule nucleation and is required for microtubule formation and progression of the cell cycle. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 7. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| TUBG2 | tubulin, gamma 2| |
| FAM71F1 | family with sequence similarity 71, member F1| |
| PRAMEF1 | PRAME family member 1|This gene is a member of the PRAME (preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma) gene family which is expressed in many cancers but may function in reproductive tissues during development. Alternative promoter usage generates two transcript variants, which encode different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| PRAMEF2 | PRAME family member 2| |
| TARS | threonyl-tRNA synthetase|Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA by their cognate amino acid. Because of their central role in linking amino acids with nucleotide triplets contained in tRNAs, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are thought to be among the first proteins that appeared in evolution. Threonyl-tRNA synthetase belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PTCH1 | patched 1|This gene encodes a member of the patched gene family. The encoded protein is the receptor for sonic hedgehog, a secreted molecule implicated in the formation of embryonic structures and in tumorigenesis, as well as the desert hedgehog and indian hedgehog proteins. This gene functions as a tumor suppressor. Mutations of this gene have been associated with basal cell nevus syndrome, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, trichoepitheliomas, transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder, as well as holoprosencephaly. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Additional splice variants have been described, but their full length sequences and biological validity cannot be determined currently. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHGA2 | protocadherin gamma subfamily A, 2|This gene is a member of the protocadherin gamma gene cluster, one of three related clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. These gene clusters have an immunoglobulin-like organization, suggesting that a novel mechanism may be involved in their regulation and expression. The gamma gene cluster includes 22 genes divided into 3 subfamilies. Subfamily A contains 12 genes, subfamily B contains 7 genes and 2 pseudogenes, and the more distantly related subfamily C contains 3 genes. The tandem array of 22 large, variable region exons are followed by a constant region, containing 3 exons shared by all genes in the cluster. Each variable region exon encodes the extracellular region, which includes 6 cadherin ectodomains and a transmembrane region. The constant region exons encode the common cytoplasmic region. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been described for the gamma cluster genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TIMM44 | translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 44 homolog (yeast)| |
| TUFM | Tu translation elongation factor, mitochondrial|This gene encodes a protein which participates in protein translation in mitochondria. Mutations in this gene have been associated with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency resulting in lactic acidosis and fatal encephalopathy. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZXDA | zinc finger, X-linked, duplicated A|This gene encodes one of two duplicated zinc finger genes on chromosome Xp11. This gene is the telomeric copy; GeneID 158586 ZXDB is the more centromeric copy. The two genes have 98% nucleotide sequence similarity, and the predicted proteins contain 10 tandem zinc finger motifs. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| RAD9B | RAD9 homolog B (S. pombe)| |
| RAD9A | RAD9 homolog A (S. pombe)|This gene product is highly similar to Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad9, a cell cycle checkpoint protein required for cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair. This protein possesses 3' to 5' exonuclease activity, which may contribute to its role in sensing and repairing DNA damage. It forms a checkpoint protein complex with RAD1 and HUS1. This complex is recruited by checkpoint protein RAD17 to the sites of DNA damage, which is thought to be important for triggering the checkpoint-signaling cascade. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| NPAS2 | neuronal PAS domain protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-PAS family of transcription factors. A similar mouse protein may play a regulatory role in the acquisition of specific types of memory. It also may function as a part of a molecular clock operative in the mammalian forebrain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ERGIC2 | ERGIC and golgi 2|ERGIC2, or PTX1, is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein that is downregulated in prostate carcinoma (Kwok et al., 2001 [PubMed 11445006]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2008] |
| RRP7A | ribosomal RNA processing 7 homolog A (S. cerevisiae)| |
| CDR2L | cerebellar degeneration-related protein 2-like| |
| ERGIC1 | endoplasmic reticulum-golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) 1|This gene encodes a cycling membrane protein which is an endoplasmic reticulum-golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) protein which interacts with other members of this protein family to increase their turnover. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CEP78 | centrosomal protein 78kDa| |
| peptide deformylase (mitochondrial)|Protein synthesis proceeds after formylation of methionine by methionyl-tRNA formyl transferase (FMT) and transfer of the charged initiator f-met tRNA to the ribosome. In eubacteria and eukaryotic organelles the product of this gene, peptide deformylase (PDF), removes the formyl group from the initiating methionine of nascent peptides. In eubacteria, deformylation of nascent peptides is required for subsequent cleavage of initiating methionines by methionine aminopeptidase. The discovery that a natural inhibitor of PDF, actinonin, acts as an antimicrobial agent in some bacteria has spurred intensive research into the design of bacterial-specific PDF inhibitors. In human cells, only mitochondrial proteins have N-formylation of initiating methionines. Protein inhibitors of PDF or siRNAs of PDF block the growth of cancer cell lines but have no effect on normal cell growth. In humans, PDF function may therefore be restricted to rapidly growing cells. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] | |
| B3GAT3 | beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the glucuronyltransferase gene family, enzymes that exhibit strict acceptor specificity, recognizing nonreducing terminal sugars and their anomeric linkages. This gene product catalyzes the formation of the glycosaminoglycan-protein linkage by way of a glucuronyl transfer reaction in the final step of the biosynthesis of the linkage region of proteoglycans. A pseudogene of this gene has been identified on chromosome 3. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| B3GAT2 | beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 2|The product of this gene is a transmembrane protein belonging to the glucuronyltransferase family, and catalyzes the transfer of a beta-1,3 linked glucuronic acid to a terminal galactose in different glycoproteins or glycolipids containing a Gal-beta-1-4GlcNAc or Gal-beta-1-3GlcNAc residue. The encoded protein is involved in the synthesis of the human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate epitope, a sulfated trisaccharide implicated in cellular migration and adhesion in the nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| B3GAT1 | beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the glucuronyltransferase gene family. These enzymes exhibit strict acceptor specificity, recognizing nonreducing terminal sugars and their anomeric linkages. This gene product functions as the key enzyme in a glucuronyl transfer reaction during the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate epitope HNK-1 (human natural killer-1, also known as CD57 and LEU7). Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SRSF11 | serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 11|This gene encodes 54-kD nuclear protein that contains an arginine/serine-rich region similar to segments found in pre-mRNA splicing factors. Although the function of this protein is not yet known, structure and immunolocalization data suggest that it may play a role in pre-mRNA processing. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different proteins. In addition, a pseudogene of this gene has been found on chromosome 12.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| CPPED1 | calcineurin-like phosphoesterase domain containing 1| |
| UXT | ubiquitously-expressed, prefoldin-like chaperone|The protein encoded by this gene functions as a cofactor that modulates androgen receptor-dependent transcription, and also plays a critical role in tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis. Expression of this gene may play a role in tumorigenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| TTC30A | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 30A| |
| SPG21 | spastic paraplegia 21 (autosomal recessive, Mast syndrome)|The protein encoded by this gene binds to the hydrophobic C-terminal amino acids of CD4 which are involved in repression of T cell activation. The interaction with CD4 is mediated by the noncatalytic alpha/beta hydrolase fold domain of this protein. It is thus proposed that this gene product modulates the stimulatory activity of CD4. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia 21 (SPG21), also known as mast syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014] |
| SPG20 | spastic paraplegia 20 (Troyer syndrome)|This gene encodes a protein containing a MIT (Microtubule Interacting and Trafficking molecule) domain, and is implicated in regulating endosomal trafficking and mitochondria function. The protein localizes to mitochondria and partially co-localizes with microtubules. Stimulation with epidermal growth factor (EGF) results in protein translocation to the plasma membrane, and the protein functions in the degradation and intracellular trafficking of EGF receptor. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. Mutations associated with this gene cause autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia 20 (Troyer syndrome). [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| GSDMA | gasdermin A| |
| GSDMB | gasdermin B|This gene encodes a member of the gasdermin-domain containing protein family. Other gasdermin-family genes are implicated in the regulation of apoptosis in epithelial cells, and are linked to cancer. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Additional variants have been described, but they are candidates for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) and are unlikely to be protein-coding. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| NANOS1 | nanos homolog 1 (Drosophila)| |
| GSDMD | gasdermin D|Gasdermin D is a member of the gasdermin family. Members of this family appear to play a role in regulation of epithelial proliferation. Gasdermin D has been suggested to act as a tumor suppressor. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| HRH4 | histamine receptor H4|Histamine is a ubiquitous messenger molecule released from mast cells, enterochromaffin-like cells, and neurons. Its various actions are mediated by a family of histamine receptors, which are a subset of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily. This gene encodes a histamine receptor that is predominantly expressed in haematopoietic cells. The protein is thought to play a role in inflammation and allergy reponses. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| UPK1B | uroplakin 1B|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is found in the asymmetrical unit membrane (AUM) where it can form a complex with other transmembrane 4 superfamily proteins. It may play a role in normal bladder epithelial physiology, possibly in regulating membrane permeability of superficial umbrella cells or in stabilizing the apical membrane through AUM/cytoskeletal interactions. The use of alternate polyadenylation sites has been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DLGAP2 | discs, large (Drosophila) homolog-associated protein 2|The product of this gene is a membrane-associated protein that may play a role in synapse organization and signalling in neuronal cells. This gene is biallelically expressed in the brain, however, only the paternal allele is expressed in the testis (PMID:18055845). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| DLGAP3 | discs, large (Drosophila) homolog-associated protein 3| |
| DLGAP1 | discs, large (Drosophila) homolog-associated protein 1| |
| DLGAP4 | discs, large (Drosophila) homolog-associated protein 4|The product of this gene is a membrane-associated guanylate kinase found at the postsynaptic density in neuronal cells. It is a signaling molecule that can interact with potassium channels and receptors, as well as other signaling molecules. The protein encoded by this gene can interact with PSD-95 through its guanylate kinase domain and may be involved in clustering PSD-95 in the postsynaptic density region. The encoded protein is one of at least four similar proteins that have been found. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DLGAP5 | discs, large (Drosophila) homolog-associated protein 5| |
| BRDT | bromodomain, testis-specific|BRDT is similar to the RING3 protein family. It possesses 2 bromodomain motifs and a PEST sequence (a cluster of proline, glutamic acid, serine, and threonine residues), characteristic of proteins that undergo rapid intracellular degradation. The bromodomain is found in proteins that regulate transcription. Several transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| TIPRL | TOR signaling pathway regulator|TIPRL is an inhibitory regulator of protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A) (see PPP2CA; MIM 176915), PP4 (see PPP4C; MIM 602035), and PP6 (see PPP6C; MIM 612725) (McConnell et al., 2007 [PubMed 17384681]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| MBNL2 | muscleblind-like splicing regulator 2|This gene is a member of the muscleblind protein family which was initially described in Drosophila melanogaster. This gene encodes a C3H-type zinc finger protein that modulates alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs. Muscleblind proteins bind specifically to expanded dsCUG RNA but not to normal size CUG repeats and may thereby play a role in the pathophysiology of myotonic dystrophy. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described but the full-length natures of only some have been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| MBNL3 | muscleblind-like splicing regulator 3|This gene encodes a member of the muscleblind-like family of proteins. The encoded protein may function in regulation of alternative splicing and may play a role in the pathophysiology of myotonic dystrophy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| FBXL14 | F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 14|Members of the F-box protein family, such as FBXL14, are characterized by an approximately 40-amino acid F-box motif. SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases. F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains (Jin et al., 2004 [PubMed 15520277]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CDX2 | caudal type homeobox 2|This gene is a member of the caudal-related homeobox transcription factor gene family. The encoded protein is a major regulator of intestine-specific genes involved in cell growth an differentiation. This protein also plays a role in early embryonic development of the intestinal tract. Aberrant expression of this gene is associated with intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| OIP5 | Opa interacting protein 5| |
| CLCN3 | chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 3|This gene encodes a member of the voltage-gated chloride channel (ClC) family. The encoded protein is present in all cell types and localized in plasma membranes and in intracellular vesicles. It is a multi-pass membrane protein which contains a ClC domain and two additional C-terminal CBS (cystathionine beta-synthase) domains. The ClC domain catalyzes the selective flow of Cl- ions across cell membranes, and the CBS domain may have a regulatory function. This protein plays a role in both acidification and transmitter loading of GABAergic synaptic vesicles, and in smooth muscle cell activation and neointima formation. This protein is required for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-activated Cl- current activity and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. The protein activity is regulated by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in glioma cells. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| CLCN2 | chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2|This gene encodes a voltage-gated chloride channel. The encoded protein is a transmembrane protein that maintains chloride ion homeostasis in various cells. Defects in this gene may be a cause of certain epilepsies. Four transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| CLCN1 | chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 1|The CLCN family of voltage-dependent chloride channel genes comprises nine members (CLCN1-7, Ka and Kb) which demonstrate quite diverse functional characteristics while sharing significant sequence homology. The protein encoded by this gene regulates the electric excitability of the skeletal muscle membrane. Mutations in this gene cause two forms of inherited human muscle disorders: recessive generalized myotonia congenita (Becker) and dominant myotonia (Thomsen). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| HRH1 | histamine receptor H1|Histamine is a ubiquitous messenger molecule released from mast cells, enterochromaffin-like cells, and neurons. Its various actions are mediated by histamine receptors H1, H2, H3 and H4. The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. It mediates the contraction of smooth muscles, the increase in capillary permeability due to contraction of terminal venules, the release of catecholamine from adrenal medulla, and neurotransmission in the central nervous system. It has been associated with multiple processes, including memory and learning, circadian rhythm, and thermoregulation. It is also known to contribute to the pathophysiology of allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, anaphylaxis and allergic rhinitis. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| CLCN7 | chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 7|The product of this gene belongs to the CLC chloride channel family of proteins. Chloride channels play important roles in the plasma membrane and in intracellular organelles. This gene encodes chloride channel 7. Defects in this gene are the cause of osteopetrosis autosomal recessive type 4 (OPTB4), also called infantile malignant osteopetrosis type 2 as well as the cause of autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type 2 (OPTA2), also called autosomal dominant Albers-Schonberg disease or marble disease autosoml dominant. Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, due to defective resorption of immature bone. OPTA2 is the most common form of osteopetrosis, occurring in adolescence or adulthood. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CLCN6 | chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 6|This gene encodes a member of the voltage-dependent chloride channel protein family. Members of this family can function as either chloride channels or antiporters. This protein is primarily localized to late endosomes and functions as a chloride/proton antiporter. Alternate splicing results in both coding and non-coding variants. Additional alternately spliced variants have been described but their full-length structure is unknown. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| CLCN5 | chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 5|This gene encodes a member of the ClC family of chloride ion channels and ion transporters. The encoded protein is primarily localized to endosomal membranes and may function to facilitate albumin uptake by the renal proximal tubule. Mutations in this gene have been found in Dent disease and renal tubular disorders complicated by nephrolithiasis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| CLCN4 | chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 4|The CLCN family of voltage-dependent chloride channel genes comprises nine members (CLCN1-7, Ka and Kb) which demonstrate quite diverse functional characteristics while sharing significant sequence homology. Chloride channel 4 has an evolutionary conserved CpG island and is conserved in both mouse and hamster. This gene is mapped in close proximity to APXL (Apical protein Xenopus laevis-like) and OA1 (Ocular albinism type I), which are both located on the human X chromosome at band p22.3. The physiological role of chloride channel 4 remains unknown but may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuronal disorders. Alternate splicing results in two transcript variants that encode different proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| FBXL19 | F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 19|This gene encodes a member of the Skp1-Cullin-F-box family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. The encoded protein is reported to bind to the transmembrane receptor interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 and regulate its ubiquitination and degradation. This protein has been linked to the regulation of pulmonary inflammation and psoriasis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| BRD8 | bromodomain containing 8|The protein encoded by this gene interacts with thyroid hormone receptor in a ligand-dependent manner and enhances thyroid hormone-dependent activation from thyroid response elements. This protein contains a bromodomain and is thought to be a nuclear receptor coactivator. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| BRD9 | bromodomain containing 9| |
| BRD4 | bromodomain containing 4|The protein encoded by this gene is homologous to the murine protein MCAP, which associates with chromosomes during mitosis, and to the human RING3 protein, a serine/threonine kinase. Each of these proteins contains two bromodomains, a conserved sequence motif which may be involved in chromatin targeting. This gene has been implicated as the chromosome 19 target of translocation t(15;19)(q13;p13.1), which defines an upper respiratory tract carcinoma in young people. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BRD7 | bromodomain containing 7|This gene encodes a protein which is a member of the bromodomain-containing protein family. The product of this gene has been identified as a component of one form of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, and as a protein which interacts with p53 and is required for p53-dependent oncogene-induced senescence which prevents tumor growth. Pseudogenes have been described on chromosomes 2, 3, 6, 13 and 14. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| BRD1 | bromodomain containing 1|This gene encodes a bromodomain-containing protein that localizes to the nucleus and can interact with DNA and histone tails. The encoded protein is a component of the MOZ/MORF acetyltransferase complex and can stimulate acetylation of histones H3 and H4, thereby potentially playing a role in gene activation. Variation in this gene is associated with schozophrenia and bipolar disorder in some study populations. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| BRD2 | bromodomain containing 2|This gene encodes a transcriptional regulator that belongs to the BET (bromodomains and extra terminal domain) family of proteins. This protein associates with transcription complexes and with acetylated chromatin during mitosis, and it selectively binds to the acetylated lysine-12 residue of histone H4 via its two bromodomains. The gene maps to the major histocompatability complex (MHC) class II region on chromosome 6p21.3, but sequence comparison suggests that the protein is not involved in the immune response. This gene has been implicated in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, a common form of epilepsy that becomes apparent in adolescence. Multiple alternatively spliced variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| BRD3 | bromodomain containing 3|This gene was identified based on its homology to the gene encoding the RING3 protein, a serine/threonine kinase. The gene localizes to 9q34, a region which contains several major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes. The function of the encoded protein is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DNAJA2 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily A, member 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the evolutionarily conserved DNAJ/HSP40 family of proteins, which regulate molecular chaperone activity by stimulating ATPase activity. DNAJ proteins may have up to 3 distinct domains: a conserved 70-amino acid J domain, usually at the N terminus; a glycine/phenylalanine (G/F)-rich region; and a cysteine-rich domain containing 4 motifs resembling a zinc finger domain. The product of this gene works as a cochaperone of Hsp70s in protein folding and mitochondrial protein import in vitro. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DNAJA3 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily A, member 3|This gene encodes a member of the DNAJ/Hsp40 protein family. DNAJ/Hsp40 proteins stimulate the ATPase activity of Hsp70 chaperones and play critical roles in protein folding, degradation, and multimeric complex assembly. The encoded protein is localized to mitochondria and mediates several cellular processes including proliferation, survival and apoptotic signal transduction. The encoded protein also plays a critical role in tumor suppression through interactions with oncogenic proteins including ErbB2 and the p53 tumor suppressor protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| PTPN18 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 18 (brain-derived)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, the mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains a PEST motif, which often serves as a protein-protein interaction domain, and may be related to protein intracellular half-live. This protein can differentially dephosphorylate autophosphorylated tyrosine kinases that are overexpressed in tumor tissues, and it appears to regulate HER2, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| TGFBR3 | transforming growth factor, beta receptor III|This locus encodes the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta type III receptor. The encoded receptor is a membrane proteoglycan that often functions as a co-receptor with other TGF-beta receptor superfamily members. Ectodomain shedding produces soluble TGFBR3, which may inhibit TGFB signaling. Decreased expression of this receptor has been observed in various cancers. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| DNAJA4 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily A, member 4| |
| AKT1 | v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1|The serine-threonine protein kinase encoded by the AKT1 gene is catalytically inactive in serum-starved primary and immortalized fibroblasts. AKT1 and the related AKT2 are activated by platelet-derived growth factor. The activation is rapid and specific, and it is abrogated by mutations in the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT1. It was shown that the activation occurs through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In the developing nervous system AKT is a critical mediator of growth factor-induced neuronal survival. Survival factors can suppress apoptosis in a transcription-independent manner by activating the serine/threonine kinase AKT1, which then phosphorylates and inactivates components of the apoptotic machinery. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the Proteus syndrome. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| PTPN13 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 13 (APO-1/CD95 (Fas)-associated phosphatase)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP is a large intracellular protein. It has a catalytic PTP domain at its C-terminus and two major structural domains: a region with five PDZ domains and a FERM domain that binds to plasma membrane and cytoskeletal elements. This PTP was found to interact with, and dephosphorylate, Fas receptor and IkappaBalpha through the PDZ domains. This suggests it has a role in Fas mediated programmed cell death. This PTP was also shown to interact with GTPase-activating protein, and thus may function as a regulator of Rho signaling pathways. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants, which encode distinct proteins, have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| PTPN12 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 12|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains a C-terminal PEST motif, which serves as a protein-protein interaction domain, and may regulate protein intracellular half-life. This PTP was found to bind and dephosphorylate the product of the oncogene c-ABL and thus may play a role in oncogenesis. This PTP was also shown to interact with, and dephosphorylate, various products related to cytoskeletal structure and cell adhesion, such as p130 (Cas), CAKbeta/PTK2B, PSTPIP1, and paxillin. This suggests it has a regulatory role in controlling cell shape and mobility. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| PTPN11 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains two tandem Src homology-2 domains, which function as phospho-tyrosine binding domains and mediate the interaction of this PTP with its substrates. This PTP is widely expressed in most tissues and plays a regulatory role in various cell signaling events that are important for a diversity of cell functions, such as mitogenic activation, metabolic control, transcription regulation, and cell migration. Mutations in this gene are a cause of Noonan syndrome as well as acute myeloid leukemia. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| LYRM1 | LYR motif containing 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the mitochondrial leucine/tyrosine/arginine motif family of proteins. Proteins of this family are short polypeptides that contain a leucine/tyrosine/arginine motif near the N-terminus. This gene is widely expressed with high levels in omental adipose tissue of obese individuals. In adipose tissue, the protein is localized to the nucleus where it promotes preadipocyte proliferation and lowers the rate of apoptosis to regulate adipose tissue homeostasis. Overexpression of this gene in adipocytes causes abnormal mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrial dysfunction. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| MYCBP | MYC binding protein|The protein encoded by this gene binds to the N-terminus of the oncogenic protein C-MYC, enhancing the ability of C-MYC to activate E box-dependent transcription. The encoded protein is normally found in the cytoplasm, but it translocates to the nucleus during S phase of the cell cycle and associates with C-MYC. This protein may be involved in spermatogenesis. This gene can be silenced by microRNA-22. Two transcript variants, one protein-coding and the other probably not protein-coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| PTPN14 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 14|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains an N-terminal noncatalytic domain similar to that of band 4.1 superfamily cytoskeleton-associated proteins, which suggested the membrane or cytoskeleton localization of this protein. It appears to regulate lymphatic development in mammals, and a loss of function mutation has been found in a kindred with a lymphedema-choanal atresia. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| GALR3 | galanin receptor 3|The neuropeptide galanin modulates a variety of physiologic processes including cognition/memory, sensory/pain processing, hormone secretion, and feeding behavior. The human galanin receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that functionally couple to their intracellular effector through distinct signaling pathways. GALR3 is found in many tissues and may be expressed as 1.4-, 2.4-, and 5-kb transcripts [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GALR2 | galanin receptor 2|Galanin is an important neuromodulator present in the brain, gastrointestinal system, and hypothalamopituitary axis. It is a 30-amino acid non-C-terminally amidated peptide that potently stimulates growth hormone secretion, inhibits cardiac vagal slowing of heart rate, abolishes sinus arrhythmia, and inhibits postprandial gastrointestinal motility. The actions of galanin are mediated through interaction with specific membrane receptors that are members of the 7-transmembrane family of G protein-coupled receptors. GALR2 interacts with the N-terminal residues of the galanin peptide. The primary signaling mechanism for GALR2 is through the phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway (via Gq), in contrast to GALR1, which communicates its intracellular signal by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase through Gi. However, it has been demonstrated that GALR2 couples efficiently to both the Gq and Gi proteins to simultaneously activate 2 independent signal transduction pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GALR1 | galanin receptor 1|The neuropeptide galanin elicits a range of biological effects by interaction with specific G-protein-coupled receptors. Galanin receptors are seven-transmembrane proteins shown to activate a variety of intracellular second-messenger pathways. GALR1 inhibits adenylyl cyclase via a G protein of the Gi/Go family. GALR1 is widely expressed in the brain and spinal cord, as well as in peripheral sites such as the small intestine and heart. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AKT3 | v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the AKT, also called PKB, serine/threonine protein kinase family. AKT kinases are known to be regulators of cell signaling in response to insulin and growth factors. They are involved in a wide variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, as well as glycogen synthesis and glucose uptake. This kinase has been shown to be stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1). Alternatively splice transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LYAR | Ly1 antibody reactive| |
| ABHD16A | abhydrolase domain containing 16A|A cluster of genes, BAT1-BAT5, has been localized in the vicinity of the genes for tumor necrosis factor alpha and tumor necrosis factor beta. These genes are all within the human major histocompatibility complex class III region. The protein encoded by this gene is thought to be involved in some aspects of immunity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| CH25H | cholesterol 25-hydroxylase|This is an intronless gene that is involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism. The encoded protein is a membrane protein and contains clusters of histidine residues essential for catalytic activity. Unlike most other sterol hydroxylases, this enzyme is a member of a small family of enzymes that utilize diiron cofactors to catalyze the hydroxylation of hydrophobic substrates. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CSF2RB | colony stimulating factor 2 receptor, beta, low-affinity (granulocyte-macrophage)|The protein encoded by this gene is the common beta chain of the high affinity receptor for IL-3, IL-5 and CSF. Defects in this gene have been reported to be associated with protein alveolar proteinosis (PAP). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPL24 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L24|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein which is more than twice the size of its E.coli counterpart (EcoL24). Sequence analysis identified two transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPL27 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L27|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CSF2RA | colony stimulating factor 2 receptor, alpha, low-affinity (granulocyte-macrophage)|The protein encoded by this gene is the alpha subunit of the heterodimeric receptor for colony stimulating factor 2, a cytokine which controls the production, differentiation, and function of granulocytes and macrophages. The encoded protein is a member of the cytokine family of receptors. This gene is found in the pseudoautosomal region (PAR) of the X and Y chromosomes. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, with some of the isoforms being membrane-bound and others being soluble. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C16orf70 | chromosome 16 open reading frame 70| |
| MRPL20 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L20|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 21q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C16orf72 | chromosome 16 open reading frame 72| |
| MRPL22 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L22|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein that belongs to the L22 ribosomal protein family. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 4q. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HTN3 | histatin 3|This gene encodes a member of the histatin family of small, histidine-rich, cationic proteins. They function as antimicrobial peptides and are important components of the innate immune system. Histatins are found in saliva and exhibit antibacterial, antifungal activities and function in wound healing. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| GAB4 | GRB2-associated binding protein family, member 4| |
| FAAH2 | fatty acid amide hydrolase 2|This gene encodes a fatty acid amide hydrolase that shares a conserved protein motif with the amidase signature family of enzymes. The encoded enzyme is able to catalyze the hydrolysis of a broad range of bioactive lipids, including those from the three main classes of fatty acid amides; N-acylethanolamines, fatty acid primary amides and N-acyl amino acids. This enzyme has a preference for monounsaturated acyl chains as a substrate.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| C16orf78 | chromosome 16 open reading frame 78| |
| GAB3 | GRB2-associated binding protein 3|This gene is a member of the GRB2-associated binding protein gene family. These proteins are scaffolding/docking proteins that are involved in several growth factor and cytokine signaling pathways, and they contain a pleckstrin homology domain, and bind SHP2 tyrosine phosphatase and GRB2 adapter protein. The protein encoded by this gene facilitates macrophage differentiation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| GAB1 | GRB2-associated binding protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the IRS1-like multisubstrate docking protein family. It is an important mediator of branching tubulogenesis and plays a central role in cellular growth response, transformation and apoptosis. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| HABP4 | hyaluronan binding protein 4| |
| DMRTB1 | DMRT-like family B with proline-rich C-terminal, 1| |
| ZSCAN9 | zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 9| |
| ZNF852 | zinc finger protein 852| |
| NPTX1 | neuronal pentraxin I|NPTX1 is a member of the neuronal pentraxin gene family. Neuronal pentraxin 1 is similar to the rat NP1 gene which encodes a binding protein for the snake venom toxin taipoxin. Human NPTX1 mRNA is exclusively localized to the nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF850 | zinc finger protein 850| |
| ZSCAN4 | zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 4|The ZSCAN4 gene encodes a protein involved in telomere maintenance and with a key role in the critical feature of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, namely, defying cellular senescence and maintaining normal karyotype for many cell divisions in culture (Zalzman et al., 2010 [PubMed 20336070]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2010] |
| NDRG2 | NDRG family member 2|This gene is a member of the N-myc downregulated gene family which belongs to the alpha/beta hydrolase superfamily. The protein encoded by this gene is a cytoplasmic protein that may play a role in neurite outgrowth. This gene may be involved in glioblastoma carcinogenesis. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NDRG3 | NDRG family member 3| |
| ZSCAN1 | zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 1| |
| ZSCAN2 | zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 2|The protein encoded by this gene contains several copies of zinc finger motif, which is commonly found in transcriptional regulatory proteins. Studies in mice show that this gene is expressed during embryonic development, and specifically in the testis in adult mice, suggesting that it may play a role in regulating genes in germ cells. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SRSF5 | serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the serine/arginine (SR)-rich family of pre-mRNA splicing factors, which constitute part of the spliceosome. Each of these factors contains an RNA recognition motif (RRM) for binding RNA and an RS domain for binding other proteins. The RS domain is rich in serine and arginine residues and facilitates interaction between different SR splicing factors. In addition to being critical for mRNA splicing, the SR proteins have also been shown to be involved in mRNA export from the nucleus and in translation. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| SRSF4 | serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 4|This gene encodes a member of the arginine/serine-rich splicing factor family. The encoded protein likely functions in mRNA processing. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| PRAP1 | proline-rich acidic protein 1| |
| SRSF6 | serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 6|The protein encoded by this gene is involved in mRNA splicing and may play a role in the determination of alternative splicing. The encoded nuclear protein belongs to the splicing factor SR family and has been shown to bind with and modulate another member of the family, SFRS12. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. In addition, two pseudogenes, one on chromosome 17 and the other on the X chromosome, have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| SRSF1 | serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1|This gene encodes a member of the arginine/serine-rich splicing factor protein family. The encoded protein can either activate or repress splicing, depending on its phosphorylation state and its interaction partners. Multiple transcript variants have been found for this gene. There is a pseudogene of this gene on chromosome 13. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| RPL7A | ribosomal protein L7a|Cytoplasmic ribosomes, organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L7AE family of ribosomal proteins. It can interact with a subclass of nuclear hormone receptors, including thyroid hormone receptor, and inhibit their ability to transactivate by preventing their binding to their DNA response elements. This gene is included in the surfeit gene cluster, a group of very tightly linked genes that do not share sequence similarity. It is co-transcribed with the U24, U36a, U36b, and U36c small nucleolar RNA genes, which are located in its second, fifth, fourth, and sixth introns, respectively. This gene rearranges with the trk proto-oncogene to form the chimeric oncogene trk-2h, which encodes an oncoprotein consisting of the N terminus of ribosomal protein L7a fused to the receptor tyrosine kinase domain of trk. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SRSF3 | serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the serine/arginine (SR)-rich family of pre-mRNA splicing factors, which constitute part of the spliceosome. Each of these factors contains an RNA recognition motif (RRM) for binding RNA and an RS domain for binding other proteins. The RS domain is rich in serine and arginine residues and facilitates interaction between different SR splicing factors. In addition to being critical for mRNA splicing, the SR proteins have also been shown to be involved in mRNA export from the nucleus and in translation. Two transcript variants, one protein-coding and the other non-coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| HOXA6 | homeobox A6|In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. Expression of these proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor which may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LOXL3 | lysyl oxidase-like 3|This gene encodes a member of the lysyl oxidase gene family. The prototypic member of the family is essential to the biogenesis of connective tissue, encoding an extracellular copper-dependent amine oxidase that catalyses the first step in the formation of crosslinks in collagens and elastin. A highly conserved amino acid sequence at the C-terminus end appears to be sufficient for amine oxidase activity, suggesting that each family member may retain this function. The N-terminus is poorly conserved and may impart additional roles in developmental regulation, senescence, tumor suppression, cell growth control, and chemotaxis to each member of the family. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been reported but their full-length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MZB1 | marginal zone B and B1 cell-specific protein| |
| SRSF9 | serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 9|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the serine/arginine (SR)-rich family of pre-mRNA splicing factors, which constitute part of the spliceosome. Each of these factors contains an RNA recognition motif (RRM) for binding RNA and an RS domain for binding other proteins. The RS domain is rich in serine and arginine residues and facilitates interaction between different SR splicing factors. In addition to being critical for mRNA splicing, the SR proteins have also been shown to be involved in mRNA export from the nucleus and in translation. Two pseudogenes, one on chromosome 15 and the other on chromosome 21, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| TRAPPC6B | trafficking protein particle complex 6B|TRAPPC6B is a component of TRAPP complexes, which are tethering complexes involved in vesicle transport (Kummel et al., 2005 [PubMed 16025134]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| RNF130 | ring finger protein 130|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger motif and is similar to g1, a Drosophila zinc-finger protein that is expressed in mesoderm and involved in embryonic development. The expression of the mouse counterpart was found to be upregulated in myeloblastic cells following IL3 deprivation, suggesting that this gene may regulate growth factor withdrawal-induced apoptosis of myeloid precursor cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| RAPH1 | Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) and pleckstrin homology domains 1| |
| DNAJB11 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 11|This gene encodes a soluble glycoprotein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen that functions as a co-chaperone of binding immunoglobulin protein, a 70 kilodalton heat shock protein chaperone required for the proper folding and assembly of proteins in the ER. The encoded protein contains a highly conserved J domain of about 70 amino acids with a characteristic His-Pro-Asp (HPD) motif and may regulate the activity of binding immunoglobulin protein by stimulating ATPase activity. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| RNF133 | ring finger protein 133|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger domain, a motif present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and known to be involved in protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. This gene has no intron. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HLA-DQB1 | major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1|HLA-DQB1 belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogs. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DQA) and a beta chain (DQB), both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The beta chain is approximately 26-28 kDa and it contains six exons. Exon 1 encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail. Within the DQ molecule both the alpha chain and the beta chain contain the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities, resulting in up to four different molecules. Typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow transplantation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| RNF135 | ring finger protein 135|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger domain, a motif present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and known to be involved in protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. This gene is located in a chromosomal region known to be frequently deleted in patients with neurofibromatosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DNAJB14 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 14| |
| RNF138 | ring finger protein 138, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger, a motif present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and known to be involved in protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNF139 | ring finger protein 139|The protein encoded by this gene is a multi-membrane spanning protein containing a RING-H2 finger. This protein is located in the endoplasmic reticulum, and has been shown to possess ubiquitin ligase activity. This gene was found to be interrupted by a t(3:8) translocation in a family with hereditary renal and non-medulary thyroid cancer. Studies of the Drosophila counterpart suggested that this protein may interact with tumor suppressor protein VHL, as well as with COPS5/JAB1, a protein responsible for the degradation of tumor suppressor CDKN1B/P27KIP. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SNTG2 | syntrophin, gamma 2|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the syntrophin family. Syntrophins are cytoplasmic peripheral membrane proteins that bind to components of mechanosenstive sodium channels and the extreme carboxy-terminal domain of dystrophin and dystrophin-related proteins. The PDZ domain of this protein product interacts with a protein component of a mechanosensitive sodium channel that affects channel gating. Absence or reduction of this protein product has been associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. There is evidence of alternative splicing yet the full-length nature of these variants has not been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NKX2-5 | NK2 homeobox 5|This gene encodes a homeobox-containing transcription factor. This transcription factor functions in heart formation and development. Mutations in this gene cause atrial septal defect with atrioventricular conduction defect, and also tetralogy of Fallot, which are both heart malformation diseases. Mutations in this gene can also cause congenital hypothyroidism non-goitrous type 5, a non-autoimmune condition. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| CDK5 | cyclin-dependent kinase 5|This gene encodes a proline-directed serine/threonine kinase that is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family of proteins. Unlike other members of the family, the protein encoded by this gene does not directly control cell cycle regulation. Instead the protein, which is predominantly expressed at high levels in mammalian postmitotic central nervous system neurons, functions in diverse processes such as synaptic plasticity and neuronal migration through phosphorylation of proteins required for cytoskeletal organization, endocytosis and exocytosis, and apoptosis. In humans, an allelic variant of the gene that results in undetectable levels of the protein has been associated with lethal autosomal recessive lissencephaly-7. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2015] |
| GID4 | GID complex subunit 4|The multiprotein Mediator complex is a coactivator required for activation of RNA polymerase II transcription by DNA bound transcription factors. The protein encoded by this gene is thought to be a subunit of the Mediator complex. This gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CISD3 | CDGSH iron sulfur domain 3|CISD3 is a member of the CDGSH domain-containing family, which may play a role in regulating electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation (Wiley et al., 2007 [PubMed 17376863]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2008] |
| CISD1 | CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1|This gene encodes a protein with a CDGSH iron-sulfur domain and has been shown to bind a redox-active [2Fe-2S] cluster. The encoded protein has been localized to the outer membrane of mitochondria and is thought to play a role in regulation of oxidation. Genes encoding similar proteins are located on chromosomes 4 and 17, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| CLNS1A | chloride channel, nucleotide-sensitive, 1A|This gene encodes a protein that functions in multiple regulatory pathways. The encoded protein complexes with numerous cytosolic proteins and performs diverse functions including regulation of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein biosynthesis, platelet activation and cytoskeletal organization. The protein is also found associated with the plasma membrane where it functions as a chloride current regulator. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 1, 4 and 6. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| SUPT20H | suppressor of Ty 20 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| TRMT11 | tRNA methyltransferase 11 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| TSHZ2 | teashirt zinc finger homeobox 2| |
| TSHZ3 | teashirt zinc finger homeobox 3| |
| TSHZ1 | teashirt zinc finger homeobox 1|This gene encodes a colon cancer antigen that was defined by serological analysis of recombinant cDNA expression libraries. The encoded protein is a member of the teashirt C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family and may be involved in transcriptional regulation of developmental processes. Mutations in this gene may be associated with congenital aural atresia syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| GID8 | GID complex subunit 8| |
| TRMT12 | tRNA methyltransferase 12 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|Wybutosine (yW) is a hypermodified guanosine at the 3-prime position adjacent to the anticodon of phenylalanine tRNA that stabilizes codon-anticodon interactions during decoding on the ribosome. TRMT12 is the human homolog of a yeast gene essential for yW synthesis (Noma and Suzuki, 2006).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| FOXS1 | forkhead box S1|The forkhead family of transcription factors belongs to the winged helix class of DNA-binding proteins. The protein encoded by this intronless gene contains a forkhead domain and is found predominantly in aorta and kidney. The function of the encoded protein is unknown. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF581 | zinc finger protein 581| |
| LPAR2 | lysophosphatidic acid receptor 2|This gene encodes a member of family I of the G protein-coupled receptors, as well as the EDG family of proteins. This protein functions as a lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor and contributes to Ca2+ mobilization, a critical cellular response to LPA in cells, through association with Gi and Gq proteins. An alternative splice variant has been described but its full length sequence has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF583 | zinc finger protein 583| |
| ZNF582 | zinc finger protein 582| |
| TIPARP | TCDD-inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase|This gene encodes a member of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase superfamily. Studies of the mouse ortholog have shown that the encoded protein catalyzes histone poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and may be involved in T-cell function. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| ZNF584 | zinc finger protein 584| |
| ZNF587 | zinc finger protein 587| |
| ZNF586 | zinc finger protein 586| |
| ZNF589 | zinc finger protein 589| |
| THSD1 | thrombospondin, type I, domain containing 1|The protein encoded by this gene contains a type 1 thrombospondin domain, which is found in a number of proteins involved in the complement pathway, as well as in extracellular matrix proteins. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| BCL9L | B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9-like| |
| ASUN | asunder spermatogenesis regulator| |
| IGLL5 | immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 5|This gene encodes one of the immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptides. It is located within the immunoglobulin lambda locus but it does not require somatic rearrangement for expression. The first exon of this gene is unrelated to immunoglobulin variable genes; the second and third exons are the immunoglobulin lambda joining 1 and the immunoglobulin lambda constant 1 gene segments. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| PSD | pleckstrin and Sec7 domain containing|This gene encodes a Plekstrin homology and SEC7 domains-containing protein that functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor. The encoded protein regulates signal transduction by activating ADP-ribosylation factor 6. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| CAMKK2 | calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2, beta|The product of this gene belongs to the Serine/Threonine protein kinase family, and to the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subfamily. The major isoform of this gene plays a role in the calcium/calmodulin-dependent (CaM) kinase cascade by phosphorylating the downstream kinases CaMK1 and CaMK4. Protein products of this gene also phosphorylate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). This gene has its strongest expression in the brain and influences signalling cascades involved with learning and memory, neuronal differentiation and migration, neurite outgrowth, and synapse formation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. The identified isoforms differ in their ability to undergo autophosphorylation and to phosphorylate downstream kinases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| CAMKK1 | calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 1, alpha|The product of this gene belongs to the Serine/Threonine protein kinase family, and to the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subfamily. This protein plays a role in the calcium/calmodulin-dependent (CaM) kinase cascade. Three transcript variants encoding two distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NPTXR | neuronal pentraxin receptor|This gene encodes a protein similar to the rat neuronal pentraxin receptor. The rat pentraxin receptor is an integral membrane protein that is thought to mediate neuronal uptake of the snake venom toxin, taipoxin, and its transport into the synapses. Studies in rat indicate that translation of this mRNA initiates at a non-AUG (CUG) codon. This may also be true for mouse and human, based on strong sequence conservation amongst these species. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MTRF1L | mitochondrial translational release factor 1-like|The protein encoded by this gene plays a role in mitochondrial translation termination, and is thought to be a release factor that is involved in the dissociation of the complete protein from the final tRNA, the ribosome, and the cognate mRNA. This protein acts upon UAA and UAG stop codons, but has no in vitro activity against UGA, which encodes tryptophan in human mitochondrion, or, the mitochondrial non-cognate stop codons, AGA and AGG. This protein shares sequence similarity to bacterial release factors. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 4, 8, and 11. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| MYO1G | myosin IG|MYO1G is a plasma membrane-associated class I myosin (see MIM 601478) that is abundant in T and B lymphocytes and mast cells (Pierce et al., 2001 [PubMed 11544309]; Patino-Lopez et al., 2010 [PubMed 20071333]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2010] |
| MYO1F | myosin IF| |
| MYO1E | myosin IE|This gene encodes a member of the nonmuscle class I myosins which are a subgroup of the unconventional myosin protein family. The unconventional myosin proteins function as actin-based molecular motors. Class I myosins are characterized by a head (motor) domain, a regulatory domain and a either a short or long tail domain. Among the class I myosins, this protein is distinguished by a long tail domain that is involved in crosslinking actin filaments. This protein localizes to the cytoplasm and may be involved in intracellular movement and membrane trafficking. Mutations in this gene are the cause of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis-6. This gene has been referred to as myosin IC in the literature but is distinct from the myosin IC gene located on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| MYO1D | myosin ID| |
| MYO1C | myosin IC|This gene encodes a member of the unconventional myosin protein family, which are actin-based molecular motors. The protein is found in the cytoplasm, and one isoform with a unique N-terminus is also found in the nucleus. The nuclear isoform associates with RNA polymerase I and II and functions in transcription initiation. The mouse ortholog of this protein also functions in intracellular vesicle transport to the plasma membrane. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. The related gene myosin IE has been referred to as myosin IC in the literature, but it is a distinct locus on chromosome 19. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MYO1B | myosin IB| |
| MYO1A | myosin IA|This gene encodes a member of the myosin superfamily. The protein represents an unconventional myosin; it should not be confused with the conventional skeletal muscle myosin-1 (MYH1). Unconventional myosins contain the basic domains characteristic of conventional myosins and are further distinguished from class members by their tail domains. They function as actin-based molecular motors. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal dominant deafness. Alternatively spliced variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| CHST1 | carbohydrate (keratan sulfate Gal-6) sulfotransferase 1|This locus encodes a member of the keratin sulfotransferase family of proteins. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the sulfation of the proteoglycan keratin. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| CHMP3 | charged multivesicular body protein 3|This gene encodes a protein that sorts transmembrane proteins into lysosomes/vacuoles via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway. This protein, along with other soluble coiled-coil containing proteins, forms part of the ESCRT-III protein complex that binds to the endosomal membrane and recruits additional cofactors for protein sorting into the MVB. This protein may also co-immunoprecipitate with a member of the IFG-binding protein superfamily. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the upstream ring finger protein 103 (RNF103) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| RPL36AL | ribosomal protein L36a-like|Cytoplasmic ribosomes, organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein, which shares sequence similarity with yeast ribosomal protein L44, belongs to the L44E (L36AE) family of ribosomal proteins. This gene and the human gene officially named ribosomal protein L36a (RPL36A) encode nearly identical proteins; however, they are distinct genes. Although the name of this gene has been referred to as ribosomal protein L36a (RPL36A), its official name is ribosomal protein L36a-like (RPL36AL). As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIAA0391 | KIAA0391| |
| CHMP7 | charged multivesicular body protein 7| |
| CHMP6 | charged multivesicular body protein 6|This gene encodes a member of the chromatin-modifying protein/charged multivesicular body protein family. Proteins in this family are part of the ESCRT-III (endosomal sorting complex required for transport III) which degrades surface receptors, and in biosynthesis of endosomes. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| BCR | breakpoint cluster region|A reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 22 and 9 produces the Philadelphia chromosome, which is often found in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. The chromosome 22 breakpoint for this translocation is located within the BCR gene. The translocation produces a fusion protein which is encoded by sequence from both BCR and ABL, the gene at the chromosome 9 breakpoint. Although the BCR-ABL fusion protein has been extensively studied, the function of the normal BCR gene product is not clear. The protein has serine/threonine kinase activity and is a GTPase-activating protein for p21rac. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DENND6A | DENN/MADD domain containing 6A| |
| PGBD5 | piggyBac transposable element derived 5|The piggyBac family of proteins, found in diverse animals, are transposases related to the transposase of the canonical piggyBac transposon from the moth, Trichoplusia ni. This family also includes genes in several genomes, including human, that appear to have been derived from the piggyBac transposons. This gene belongs to the subfamily of piggyBac transposable element derived (PGBD) genes. The PGBD proteins appear to be novel, with no obvious relationship to other transposases, or other known protein families. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| CTPS2 | CTP synthase 2|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the formation of CTP from UTP with the concomitant deamination of glutamine to glutamate. This protein is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of cytosine nucleotides, which play an important role in various metabolic processes and provide the precursors necessary for the synthesis of RNA and DNA. Cancer cells that exhibit increased cell proliferation also exhibit an increased activity of this encoded protein. Thus, this protein is an attractive target for selective chemotherapy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| NDC80 | NDC80 kinetochore complex component|This gene encodes a component of the NDC80 kinetochore complex. The encoded protein consists of an N-terminal microtubule binding domain and a C-terminal coiled-coiled domain that interacts with other components of the complex. This protein functions to organize and stabilize microtubule-kinetochore interactions and is required for proper chromosome segregation. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| LGALSL | lectin, galactoside-binding-like| |
| LY6G6C | lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus G6C|LY6G6C belongs to a cluster of leukocyte antigen-6 (LY6) genes located in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region on chromosome 6. Members of the LY6 superfamily typically contain 70 to 80 amino acids, including 8 to 10 cysteines. Most LY6 proteins are attached to the cell surface by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor that is directly involved in signal transduction (Mallya et al., 2002 [PubMed 12079290]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| HOXA13 | homeobox A13|In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. Expression of these proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor which may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. Expansion of a polyalanine tract in the encoded protein can cause hand-foot-uterus syndrome, also known as hand-foot-genital syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SIAE | sialic acid acetylesterase|This gene encodes an enzyme which removes 9-O-acetylation modifications from sialic acids. Mutations in this gene are associated with susceptibility to autoimmune disease 6. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms, found either in the cytosol or in the lysosome, have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| HOXA11 | homeobox A11|In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. Expression of these proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor which may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. This gene is involved in the regulation of uterine development and is required for female fertility. Mutations in this gene can cause radio-ulnar synostosis with amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HOXA10 | homeobox A10|In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. Expression of these proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor that may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. More specifically, it may function in fertility, embryo viability, and regulation of hematopoietic lineage commitment. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the downstream homeobox A9 (HOXA9) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| BPI | bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein|This gene encodes a lipopolysaccharide binding protein. It is associated with human neutrophil granules and has antimicrobial activity against gram-negative organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| PPIAL4B | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A)-like 4A| |
| PPIAL4D | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A)-like 4D| |
| CEP57 | centrosomal protein 57kDa|This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein called Translokin. This protein localizes to the centrosome and has a function in microtubular stabilization. The N-terminal half of this protein is required for its centrosome localization and for its multimerization, and the C-terminal half is required for nucleating, bundling and anchoring microtubules to the centrosomes. This protein specifically interacts with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), sorting nexin 6, Ran-binding protein M and the kinesins KIF3A and KIF3B, and thus mediates the nuclear translocation and mitogenic activity of the FGF2. It also interacts with cyclin D1 and controls nucleocytoplasmic distribution of the cyclin D1 in quiescent cells. This protein is crucial for maintaining correct chromosomal number during cell division. Mutations in this gene cause mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive disorder. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| FAM160B1 | family with sequence similarity 160, member B1| |
| FAM160B2 | family with sequence similarity 160, member B2| |
| ATAT1 | alpha tubulin acetyltransferase 1| |
| TSSK6 | testis-specific serine kinase 6|This intronless gene encodes a member of the CAMK (calcium/calmodulin-dependent) serine/threonine protein kinase family. The encoded kinase has a broad expression pattern but is described as testis-specific due to effects on fertility. Male mice which lack the gene encoding a highly similar protein are sterile and have morphologically abnormal sperm. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| SRC | SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase|This gene is highly similar to the v-src gene of Rous sarcoma virus. This proto-oncogene may play a role in the regulation of embryonic development and cell growth. The protein encoded by this gene is a tyrosine-protein kinase whose activity can be inhibited by phosphorylation by c-SRC kinase. Mutations in this gene could be involved in the malignant progression of colon cancer. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NEMF | nuclear export mediator factor| |
| ZNF326 | zinc finger protein 326| |
| TSSK2 | testis-specific serine kinase 2|TSSK2 belongs to a family of serine/threonine kinases highly expressed in testis (Hao et al., 2004 [PubMed 15044604]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ZNF320 | zinc finger protein 320|ZNF320 encodes a Kruppel-like zinc finger protein. Members of this protein family are involved in activation or repression of transcription.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002] |
| ZNF322 | zinc finger protein 322|ZNF322A is a member of the zinc-finger transcription factor family and may regulate transcriptional activation in MAPK (see MAPK1; MIM 176948) signaling pathways (Li et al., 2004 [PubMed 15555580]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| FAM214A | family with sequence similarity 214, member A| |
| FAM214B | family with sequence similarity 214, member B| |
| SRI | sorcin|This gene encodes a calcium-binding protein with multiple E-F hand domains that relocates from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum in response to elevated calcium levels. In addition to regulating intracellular calcium homeostasis it also modulates excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct proteins. Multiple pseudogenes exist for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| ZNF329 | zinc finger protein 329| |
| SRM | spermidine synthase|The polyamines putrescine, spermine, and spermidine are ubiquitous polycationic mediators of cell growth and differentiation. Spermidine synthase is one of four enzymes in the polyamine-biosynthetic pathway and carries out the final step of spermidine biosynthesis. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of putrescine to spermidine using decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine as the cofactor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SRR | serine racemase| |
| ADCY8 | adenylate cyclase 8 (brain)|Adenylate cyclase is a membrane bound enzyme that catalyses the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP. The enzymatic activity is under the control of several hormones, and different polypeptides participate in the transduction of the signal from the receptor to the catalytic moiety. Stimulatory or inhibitory receptors (Rs and Ri) interact with G proteins (Gs and Gi) that exhibit GTPase activity and they modulate the activity of the catalytic subunit of the adenylyl cyclase [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RIBC2 | RIB43A domain with coiled-coils 2| |
| LGALS8 | lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 8|This gene encodes a member of the galectin family. Galectins are beta-galactoside-binding animal lectins with conserved carbohydrate recognition domains. The galectins have been implicated in many essential functions including development, differentiation, cell-cell adhesion, cell-matrix interaction, growth regulation, apoptosis, and RNA splicing. This gene is widely expressed in tumoral tissues and seems to be involved in integrin-like cell interactions. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SF3B3 | splicing factor 3b, subunit 3, 130kDa|This gene encodes subunit 3 of the splicing factor 3b protein complex. Splicing factor 3b, together with splicing factor 3a and a 12S RNA unit, forms the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins complex (U2 snRNP). The splicing factor 3b/3a complex binds pre-mRNA upstream of the intron's branch site in a sequence independent manner and may anchor the U2 snRNP to the pre-mRNA. Splicing factor 3b is also a component of the minor U12-type spliceosome. Subunit 3 has also been identified as a component of the STAGA (SPT3-TAF(II)31-GCN5L acetylase) transcription coactivator-HAT (histone acetyltransferase) complex, and the TFTC (TATA-binding-protein-free TAF(II)-containing complex). These complexes may function in chromatin modification, transcription, splicing, and DNA repair. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LGALS3 | lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 3|This gene encodes a member of the galectin family of carbohydrate binding proteins. Members of this protein family have an affinity for beta-galactosides. The encoded protein is characterized by an N-terminal proline-rich tandem repeat domain and a single C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain. This protein can self-associate through the N-terminal domain allowing it to bind to multivalent saccharide ligands. This protein localizes to the extracellular matrix, the cytoplasm and the nucleus. This protein plays a role in numerous cellular functions including apoptosis, innate immunity, cell adhesion and T-cell regulation. The protein exhibits antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| LGALS2 | lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a soluble beta-galactoside binding lectin. The encoded protein is found as a homodimer and can bind to lymphotoxin-alpha. A single nucleotide polymorphism in an intron of this gene can alter the transcriptional level of the protein, with a resultant increased risk of myocardial infarction. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LGALS1 | lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 1|The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. This gene product may act as an autocrine negative growth factor that regulates cell proliferation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SRY | sex determining region Y|This intronless gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the high mobility group (HMG)-box family of DNA-binding proteins. This protein is the testis-determining factor (TDF), which initiates male sex determination. Mutations in this gene give rise to XY females with gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome); translocation of part of the Y chromosome containing this gene to the X chromosome causes XX male syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SFRP5 | secreted frizzled-related protein 5|Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5) is a member of the SFRP family that contains a cysteine-rich domain homologous to the putative Wnt-binding site of Frizzled proteins. SFRPs act as soluble modulators of Wnt signaling. SFRP5 and SFRP1 may be involved in determining the polarity of photoreceptor cells in the retina. SFRP5 is highly expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium, and moderately expressed in the pancreas. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LGALS4 | lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 4|The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The expression of this gene is restricted to small intestine, colon, and rectum, and it is underexpressed in colorectal cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RUVBL1 | RuvB-like AAA ATPase 1| |
| AKIRIN2 | akirin 2| |
| AKIRIN1 | akirin 1| |
| EIF2AK1 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 1|The protein encoded by this gene acts at the level of translation initiation to downregulate protein synthesis in response to stress. The encoded protein is a kinase that can be inactivated by hemin. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| EIF2AK3 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3|The protein encoded by this gene phosphorylates the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation-initiation factor 2 (EIF2), leading to its inactivation, and thus to a rapid reduction of translational initiation and repression of global protein synthesis. It is a type I membrane protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it is induced by ER stress caused by malfolded proteins. Mutations in this gene are associated with Wolcott-Rallison syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| KRTAP11-1 | keratin associated protein 11-1| |
| TDG | thymine-DNA glycosylase|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the TDG/mug DNA glycosylase family. Thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG) removes thymine moieties from G/T mismatches by hydrolyzing the carbon-nitrogen bond between the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA and the mispaired thymine. With lower activity, this enzyme also removes thymine from C/T and T/T mispairings. TDG can also remove uracil and 5-bromouracil from mispairings with guanine. This enzyme plays a central role in cellular defense against genetic mutation caused by the spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine and cytosine. This gene may have a pseudogene in the p arm of chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EIF2AK4 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4|This gene encodes a member of a family of kinases that phosphorylate the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2 (EIF2), resulting in the downregulaton of protein synthesis. The encoded protein responds to amino acid deprivation by binding uncharged transfer RNAs. It may also be activated by glucose deprivation and viral infection. Mutations in this gene have been found in individuals suffering from autosomal recessive pulmonary venoocclusive-disease-2. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| ADCY9 | adenylate cyclase 9|Adenylate cyclase is a membrane bound enzyme that catalyses the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP. It is regulated by a family of G protein-coupled receptors, protein kinases, and calcium. The type 9 adenylyl cyclase is a widely distributed adenylyl cyclase, and it is stimulated by beta-adrenergic receptor activation but is insensitive to forskolin, calcium, and somatostatin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HN1 | hematological and neurological expressed 1| |
| LIMS1 | LIM and senescent cell antigen-like domains 1|The protein encoded by this gene is an adaptor protein which contains five LIM domains, or double zinc fingers. The protein is likely involved in integrin signaling through its LIM domain-mediated interaction with integrin-linked kinase, found in focal adhesion plaques. It is also thought to act as a bridge linking integrin-linked kinase to NCK adaptor protein 2, which is involved in growth factor receptor kinase signaling pathways. Its localization to the periphery of spreading cells also suggests that this protein may play a role in integrin-mediated cell adhesion or spreading. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| NMB | neuromedin B| |
| EREG | epiregulin|Epiregulin is a member of the epidermal growth factor family. Epiregulin can function as a ligand of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), as well as a ligand of most members of the ERBB (v-erb-b2 oncogene homolog) family of tyrosine-kinase receptors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MYO19 | myosin XIX| |
| AVPI1 | arginine vasopressin-induced 1| |
| MYO16 | myosin XVI| |
| TRNT1 | tRNA nucleotidyl transferase, CCA-adding, 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a CCA-adding enzyme which belongs to the tRNA nucleotidyltransferase/poly(A) polymerase family. This essential enzyme functions by catalyzing the addition of the conserved nucleotide triplet CCA to the 3' terminus of tRNA molecules. Mutations in this gene result in sideroblastic anemia with B-cell immunodeficiency, periodic fevers, and developmental delay. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| ASAP1 | ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 1|This gene encodes an ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) GTPase-activating protein. The GTPase-activating activity is stimulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PIP2), and is greater towards ARF1 and ARF5, and lesser for ARF6. This gene maybe involved in regulation of membrane trafficking and cytoskeleton remodeling. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| ASAP2 | ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 2|This gene encodes a multidomain protein containing an N-terminal alpha-helical region with a coiled-coil motif, followed by a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, an Arf-GAP domain, an ankyrin homology region, a proline-rich region, and a C-terminal Src homology 3 (SH3) domain. The protein localizes in the Golgi apparatus and at the plasma membrane, where it colocalizes with protein tyrosine kinase 2-beta (PYK2). The encoded protein forms a stable complex with PYK2 in vivo. This interaction appears to be mediated by binding of its SH3 domain to the C-terminal proline-rich domain of PYK2. The encoded protein is tyrosine phosphorylated by activated PYK2. It has catalytic activity for class I and II ArfGAPs in vitro, and can bind the class III Arf ARF6 without immediate GAP activity. The encoded protein is believed to function as an ARF GAP that controls ARF-mediated vesicle budding when recruited to Golgi membranes. In addition, it functions as a substrate and downstream target for PYK2 and SRC, a pathway that may be involved in the regulation of vesicular transport. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| MYO10 | myosin X|This gene encodes a member of the myosin superfamily. The protein represents an unconventional myosin; it should not be confused with the conventional non-muscle myosin-10 (MYH10). Unconventional myosins contain the basic domains of conventional myosins and are further distinguished from class members by their tail domains. This gene functions as an actin-based molecular motor and plays a role in integration of F-actin and microtubule cytoskeletons during meiosis. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| OCRL | oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe|This gene encodes a phosphatase enzyme that is involved in actin polymerization and is found in the trans-Golgi network. Mutations in this gene cause oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe and also Dent disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLAUR | plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor|This gene encodes the receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator and, given its role in localizing and promoting plasmin formation, likely influences many normal and pathological processes related to cell-surface plasminogen activation and localized degradation of the extracellular matrix. It binds both the proprotein and mature forms of urokinase plasminogen activator and permits the activation of the receptor-bound pro-enzyme by plasmin. The protein lacks transmembrane or cytoplasmic domains and may be anchored to the plasma membrane by a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) moiety following cleavage of the nascent polypeptide near its carboxy-terminus. However, a soluble protein is also produced in some cell types. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. The proprotein experiences several post-translational cleavage reactions that have not yet been fully defined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ENTPD5 | ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5|The protein encoded by this gene is similar to E-type nucleotidases (NTPases)/ecto-ATPase/apyrases. NTPases, such as CD39, mediate catabolism of extracellular nucleotides. ENTPD5 contains 4 apyrase-conserved regions which is characteristic of NTPases. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| HILPDA | hypoxia inducible lipid droplet-associated| |
| LRRC27 | leucine rich repeat containing 27| |
| LRRC26 | leucine rich repeat containing 26| |
| LRRC25 | leucine rich repeat containing 25| |
| LRRC24 | leucine rich repeat containing 24| |
| KIAA1522 | KIAA1522| |
| MPDU1 | mannose-P-dolichol utilization defect 1|This gene encodes an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein that is required for utilization of the mannose donor mannose-P-dolichol in the synthesis of lipid-linked oligosaccharides and glycosylphosphatidylinositols. Mutations in this gene result in congenital disorder of glycosylation type If. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| LRRC20 | leucine rich repeat containing 20| |
| LOX | lysyl oxidase|The protein encoded by this gene is an extracellular copper enzyme that initiates the crosslinking of collagens and elastin. The enzyme catalyzes oxidative deamination of the epsilon-amino group in certain lysine and hydroxylysine residues of collagens and lysine residues of elastin. In addition to crosslinking extracellular matrix proteins, the encoded protein may have a role in tumor suppression. Defects in this gene are a cause of autosomal recessive cutis laxa type I (CL type I). Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| LPGAT1 | lysophosphatidylglycerol acyltransferase 1|Acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) acyltransferase catalyzes the reacylation of LPG to phosphatidylglycerol, a membrane phospholipid that is an important precursor for the synthesis of cardiolipin (Yang et al., 2004 [PubMed 15485873]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SEMA6D | sema domain, transmembrane domain (TM), and cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 6D|Semaphorins are a large family, including both secreted and membrane associated proteins, many of which have been implicated as inhibitors or chemorepellents in axon pathfinding, fasciculation and branching, and target selection. All semaphorins possess a semaphorin (Sema) domain and a PSI domain (found in plexins, semaphorins and integrins) in the N-terminal extracellular portion. Additional sequence motifs C-terminal to the semaphorin domain allow classification into distinct subfamilies. Results demonstrate that transmembrane semaphorins, like the secreted ones, can act as repulsive axon guidance cues. This gene encodes a class 6 vertebrate transmembrane semaphorin that demonstrates alternative splicing. Several transcript variants have been identified and expression of the distinct encoded isoforms is thought to be regulated in a tissue- and development-dependent manner. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| LRRC28 | leucine rich repeat containing 28| |
| TIMM17B | translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 17 homolog B (yeast)|This gene encodes a multipass transmembrane protein that forms an integral component of the mitochondrial translocase TIM23 complex. This complex facilitates the transport of mitochondrial proteins from the cytosol across the mitochondrial inner membrane and into the mitochondrion. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 12. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| ITCH | itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This gene encodes a member of the Nedd4 family of HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligases. HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligases transfer ubiquitin from E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes to protein substrates, thus targeting specific proteins for lysosomal degradation. The encoded protein plays a role in multiple cellular processes including erythroid and lymphoid cell differentiation and the regulation of immune responses. Mutations in this gene are a cause of syndromic multisystem autoimmune disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| GCNT7 | glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase family member 7| |
| TIMM17A | translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 17 homolog A (yeast)| |
| GCNT1 | glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 1, core 2|This gene is a member of the beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase gene family. It is essential to the formation of Gal beta 1-3(GlcNAc beta 1-6)GalNAc structures and the core 2 O-glycan branch. The gene coding this enzyme was originally mapped to 9q21, but was later localized to 9q13. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GCNT3 | glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 3, mucin type|This gene encodes a member of the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase family. The encoded protein is a beta-6-N-acetylglucosamine-transferase that catalyzes the formation of core 2 and core 4 O-glycans on mucin-type glycoproteins.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| GCNT2 | glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 2, I-branching enzyme (I blood group)|This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for formation of the blood group I antigen. The i and I antigens are distinguished by linear and branched poly-N-acetyllactosaminoglycans, respectively. The encoded protein is the I-branching enzyme, a beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase responsible for the conversion of fetal i antigen to adult I antigen in erythrocytes during embryonic development. Mutations in this gene have been associated with adult i blood group phenotype. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PARD6B | par-6 family cell polarity regulator beta|This gene is a member of the PAR6 family and encodes a protein with a PSD95/Discs-large/ZO1 (PDZ) domain, an OPR domain and a semi-Cdc42/Rac interactive binding (CRIB) domain. This cytoplasmic protein is involved in asymmetrical cell division and cell polarization processes as a member of a multi-protein complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LPCAT4 | lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 4|Members of the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.51) family, such as AGPAT7, catalyze the conversion of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to phosphatidic acid (PA), a precursor in the biosynthesis of all glycerolipids. Both LPA and PA are involved in signal transduction (Ye et al., 2005 [PubMed 16243729]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2008] |
| LPCAT2 | lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2|This gene encodes a member of the lysophospholipid acyltransferase family. The encoded enzyme may function in two ways: to catalyze the biosynthesis of platelet-activating factor (1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) from 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, and to catalyze the synthesis of glycerophospholipid precursors from arachidonyl-CoA and lysophosphatidylcholine. The encoded protein may function in membrane biogenesis and production of platelet-activating factor in inflammatory cells. The enzyme may localize to the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| LPCAT3 | lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3| |
| LPCAT1 | lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1|Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) acyltransferase (LPCAT; EC 2.3.1.23) catalyzes the conversion of LPC to phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the remodeling pathway of PC biosynthesis (Nakanishi et al., 2006 [PubMed 16704971]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2008] |
| SEMA6A | sema domain, transmembrane domain (TM), and cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 6A|The transmembrane semaphorin SEMA6A is expressed in developing neural tissue and is required for proper development of the thalamocortical projection (Leighton et al., 2001 [PubMed 11242070]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2011] |
| KRT20 | keratin 20, type I|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin family. The keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into cytokeratins and hair keratins. The type I cytokeratins consist of acidic proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains. This cytokeratin is a major cellular protein of mature enterocytes and goblet cells and is specifically expressed in the gastric and intestinal mucosa. The type I cytokeratin genes are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q12-q21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MID1IP1 | MID1 interacting protein 1| |
| PIGA | phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class A|This gene encodes a protein required for synthesis of N-acetylglucosaminyl phosphatidylinositol (GlcNAc-PI), the first intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of GPI anchor. The GPI anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells and which serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, an acquired hematologic disorder, has been shown to result from mutations in this gene. Alternate splice variants have been characterized. A related pseudogene is located on chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| PIGB | phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class B|This gene encodes a transmembrane protein that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum and is involved in GPI-anchor biosynthesis. The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells and serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. This gene is thought to encode a member of a family of dolichol-phosphate-mannose (Dol-P-Man) dependent mannosyltransferases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PIGC | phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class C|This gene encodes an endoplasmic reticulum associated protein that is involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) lipid anchor biosynthesis. The GPI lipid anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells and serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. The encoded protein is one subunit of the GPI N-acetylglucosaminyl (GlcNAc) transferase that transfers GlcNAc to phosphatidylinositol (PI) on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum. Two alternatively spliced transcripts that encode the same protein have been found for this gene. A pseudogene on chromosome 11 has also been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PIGF | phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class F|This gene encodes a protein involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis. The GPI-anchor, a glycolipid containing three mannose molecules in its core backbone, is found on many blood cells where it serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. The encoded protein and another GPI synthesis protein, PIGO, function in the transfer of ethanolaminephosphate to the third mannose in GPI. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PIGG | phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class G| |
| PIGH | phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class H|This gene encodes an endoplasmic reticulum associated protein that is involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis. The GPI anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells and which serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the GPI N-acetylglucosaminyl (GlcNAc) transferase that transfers GlcNAc to phosphatidylinositol (PI) on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PIGK | phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class K|This gene encodes a member of the cysteine protease family C13 that is involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis. The GPI-anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells and serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. This protein is a member of the multisubunit enzyme, GPI transamidase and is thought to be its enzymatic component. GPI transamidase mediates GPI anchoring in the endoplasmic reticulum, by catalyzing the transfer of fully assembled GPI units to proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PIGM | phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class M|This gene encodes a transmembrane protein that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum and is involved in GPI-anchor biosynthesis. The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor is a glycolipid which contains three mannose molecules in its core backbone. The GPI-anchor is found on many blood cells and serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. This gene encodes a mannosyltransferase, GPI-MT-I, that transfers the first mannose to GPI on the lumenal side of the endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PIGN | phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class N|This gene encodes a protein that is involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis. The GPI-anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells and serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. This protein is expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum and transfers phosphoethanolamine (EtNP) to the first mannose of the GPI anchor. Two alternatively spliced variants, which encode an identical isoform, have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PIGO | phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class O|This gene encodes a protein that is involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis. The GPI-anchor is a glycolipid which contains three mannose molecules in its core backbone. The GPI-anchor is found on many blood cells and serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. This protein is involved in the transfer of ethanolaminephosphate (EtNP) to the third mannose in GPI. At least three alternatively spliced transcripts encoding two distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| PIGP | phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class P|This gene encodes an enzyme involved in the first step of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis. The GPI-anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells that serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. The encoded protein is a component of the GPI-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase complex that catalyzes the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from UDP-GlcNAc to phosphatidylinositol (PI). This gene is located in the Down Syndrome critical region on chromosome 21 and is a candidate for the pathogenesis of Down syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PIGQ | phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class Q|This gene is involved in the first step in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis. The GPI-anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells and serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. This gene encodes a N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase component that is part of the complex that catalyzes transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from UDP-GlcNAc to phosphatidylinositol (PI). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| PIGR | polymeric immunoglobulin receptor|This gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded poly-Ig receptor binds polymeric immunoglobulin molecules at the basolateral surface of epithelial cells; the complex is then transported across the cell to be secreted at the apical surface. A significant association was found between immunoglobulin A nephropathy and several SNPs in this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| TMEM194B | transmembrane protein 194B| |
| ILKAP | integrin-linked kinase-associated serine/threonine phosphatase|The protein encoded by this gene is a protein serine/threonine phosphatase of the PP2C family. This protein can interact with integrin-linked kinase (ILK/ILK1), a regulator of integrin mediated signaling, and regulate the kinase activity of ILK. Through the interaction with ILK, this protein may selectively affect the signaling process of ILK-mediated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3beta), and thus participate in Wnt signaling pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PIGU | phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class U|The protein encoded by this gene shares similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc91, a predicted integral membrane protein that may function in cell division control. The protein encoded by this gene is the fifth subunit of GPI transamidase that attaches GPI-anchors to proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PIGV | phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class V|This gene encodes a mannosyltransferase enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). GPI is a complex glycolipid that functions as a membrane anchor for many proteins and plays a role in multiple cellular processes including protein sorting and signal transduction. The encoded protein is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and transfers the second mannose to the GPI backbone. Mutations in this gene are associated with hyperphosphatasia mental retardation syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| PIGW | phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class W|Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) is a complex glycolipid that anchors many proteins to the cell surface. PIGW acts in the third step of GPI biosynthesis and acylates the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol (Murakami et al., 2003 [PubMed 14517336]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PIGX | phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class X|This gene encodes a type I transmembrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The protein is an essential component of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-mannosyltransferase I, which transfers the first of the four mannoses in the GPI-anchor precursors during GPI-anchor biosynthesis. Studies in rat indicate that the protein is translated from a non-AUG translation initiation site. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| PIGY | phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class Y|The protein encoded by this gene is part of the GPI-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GIP-GnT) complex which initiates the biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). GPI is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and serves as an anchor for many surface proteins. Proteins containing GPI anchors can have an important role in cell-cell interactions. The transcript for this gene is bicistronic. The downstream open reading frame encodes this GPI-GnT complex protein, while the upstream open reading frame encodes a protein with unknown function, as represented by GeneID:100996939. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| RMND1 | required for meiotic nuclear division 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the evolutionary conserved sif2 family of proteins that share the DUF155 domain in common. This protein is thought to be localized in the mitochondria and involved in mitochondrial translation. Mutations in this gene are associated with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-11. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| ANKLE1 | ankyrin repeat and LEM domain containing 1| |
| SERPINB9 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 9|This gene encodes a member of the serine protease inhibitor family which are also known as serpins. The encoded protein belongs to a subfamily of intracellular serpins. This protein inhibits the activity of the effector molecule granzyme B. Overexpression of this protein may prevent cytotoxic T-lymphocytes from eliminating certain tumor cells. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| OSGEP | O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase| |
| ALPP | alkaline phosphatase, placental|The protein encoded by this gene is an alkaline phosphatase, a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphoric acid monoesters. It belongs to a multigene family composed of four alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. The enzyme functions as a homodimer and has a catalytic site containing one magnesium and two zinc ions, which are required for its enzymatic function. The protein is primarily expressed in placental and endometrial tissue; however, strong ectopic expression has been detected in ovarian adenocarcinoma, serous cystadenocarcinoma, and other ovarian cancer cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| FOXR2 | forkhead box R2| |
| INPPL1 | inositol polyphosphate phosphatase-like 1|The protein encoded by this gene is an SH2-containing 5'-inositol phosphatase that is involved in the regulation of insulin function. The encoded protein also plays a role in the regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor turnover and actin remodelling. Additionally, this gene supports metastatic growth in breast cancer and is a valuable biomarker for breast cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| OLR1 | oxidized low density lipoprotein (lectin-like) receptor 1|This gene encodes a low density lipoprotein receptor that belongs to the C-type lectin superfamily. This gene is regulated through the cyclic AMP signaling pathway. The encoded protein binds, internalizes and degrades oxidized low-density lipoprotein. This protein may be involved in the regulation of Fas-induced apoptosis. This protein may play a role as a scavenger receptor. Mutations of this gene have been associated with atherosclerosis, risk of myocardial infarction, and may modify the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| RHPN2 | rhophilin, Rho GTPase binding protein 2|This gene encodes a member of the rhophilin family of Ras-homologous (Rho)-GTPase binding proteins. The encoded protein binds both GTP- and GDP-bound RhoA and GTP-bound RhoB and may be involved in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| SRRM1 | serine/arginine repetitive matrix 1| |
| CCDC171 | coiled-coil domain containing 171| |
| CCDC172 | coiled-coil domain containing 172| |
| SRRM2 | serine/arginine repetitive matrix 2| |
| CCDC174 | coiled-coil domain containing 174| |
| SRRM4 | serine/arginine repetitive matrix 4|SRRM4 promotes alternative splicing and inclusion of neural-specific exons in target mRNAs (Calarco et al., 2009 [PubMed 19737518]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009] |
| CCDC176 | coiled-coil domain containing 176| |
| FAM134B | family with sequence similarity 134, member B|The protein encoded by this gene is a cis-Golgi transmembrane protein that may be necessary for the long-term survival of nociceptive and autonomic ganglion neurons. Mutations in this gene are a cause of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IIB (HSAN IIB), and this gene may also play a role in susceptibility to vascular dementia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| PDK1 | pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 1|Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is a mitochondrial multienzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate and is one of the major enzymes responsible for the regulation of homeostasis of carbohydrate fuels in mammals. The enzymatic activity is regulated by a phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cycle. Phosphorylation of PDH by a specific pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) results in inactivation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| SUN2 | Sad1 and UNC84 domain containing 2|SUN1 (MIM 607723) and SUN2 are inner nuclear membrane (INM) proteins that play a major role in nuclear-cytoplasmic connection by formation of a 'bridge' across the nuclear envelope, known as the LINC complex, via interaction with the conserved luminal KASH domain of nesprins (e.g., SYNE1; MIM 608441) located in the outer nuclear membrane (ONM). The LINC complex provides a direct connection between the nuclear lamina and the cytoskeleton, which contributes to nuclear positioning and cellular rigidity (summary by Haque et al., 2010 [PubMed 19933576]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| PDK3 | pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 3|The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial multienzyme complex that catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2). It provides the primary link between glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and thus is one of the major enzymes responsible for the regulation of glucose metabolism. The enzymatic activity of PDH is regulated by a phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cycle, and phosphorylation results in inactivation of PDH. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the three pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases that inhibits the PDH complex by phosphorylation of the E1 alpha subunit. This gene is predominantly expressed in the heart and skeletal muscles. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| PDK2 | pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 2|This gene encodes a member of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase family. The encoded protein phosphorylates pyruvate dehydrogenase, down-regulating the activity of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Overexpression of this gene may play a role in both cancer and diabetes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| EBP | emopamil binding protein (sterol isomerase)|The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum. It is a high affinity binding protein for the antiischemic phenylalkylamine Ca2+ antagonist [3H]emopamil and the photoaffinity label [3H]azidopamil. It is similar to sigma receptors and may be a member of a superfamily of high affinity drug-binding proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum of different tissues. This protein shares structural features with bacterial and eukaryontic drug transporting proteins. It has four putative transmembrane segments and contains two conserved glutamate residues which may be involved in the transport of cationic amphiphilics. Another prominent feature of this protein is its high content of aromatic amino acid residues (>23%) in its transmembrane segments. These aromatic amino acid residues have been suggested to be involved in the drug transport by the P-glycoprotein. Mutations in this gene cause Chondrodysplasia punctata 2 (CDPX2; also known as Conradi-Hunermann syndrome). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PDK4 | pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4|This gene is a member of the PDK/BCKDK protein kinase family and encodes a mitochondrial protein with a histidine kinase domain. This protein is located in the matrix of the mitrochondria and inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by phosphorylating one of its subunits, thereby contributing to the regulation of glucose metabolism. Expression of this gene is regulated by glucocorticoids, retinoic acid and insulin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LNPEP | leucyl/cystinyl aminopeptidase|This gene encodes a zinc-dependent aminopeptidase that cleaves vasopressin, oxytocin, lys-bradykinin, met-enkephalin, dynorphin A and other peptide hormones. The protein can be secreted in maternal serum, reside in intracellular vesicles with the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4, or form a type II integral membrane glycoprotein. The protein catalyzes the final step in the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin IV (AT4) and is also a receptor for AT4. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ALPI | alkaline phosphatase, intestinal|There are at least four distinct but related alkaline phosphatases: intestinal, placental, placental-like, and liver/bone/kidney (tissue non-specific). The intestinal alkaline phosphatase gene encodes a digestive brush-border enzyme. This enzyme is a component of the gut mucosal defense system and is thought to function in the detoxification of lipopolysaccharide, and in the prevention of bacterial translocation in the gut. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| ZNF292 | zinc finger protein 292| |
| SEC61A1 | Sec61 alpha 1 subunit (S. cerevisiae)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the SECY/SEC61- alpha family. It appears to play a crucial role in the insertion of secretory and membrane polypeptides into the endoplasmic reticulum. This protein found to be tightly associated with membrane-bound ribosomes, either directly or through adaptor proteins. This gene encodes an alpha subunit of the heteromeric SEC61 complex, which also contains beta and gamma subunits. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SEC61A2 | Sec61 alpha 2 subunit (S. cerevisiae)|The protein encoded by this gene has similarity to a mouse protein which suggests a role in the insertion of secretory and membrane polypeptides into the endoplasmic reticulum. It may also be required for the assembly of membrane and secretory proteins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| ALPL | alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney|There are at least four distinct but related alkaline phosphatases: intestinal, placental, placental-like, and liver/bone/kidney (tissue non-specific). The first three are located together on chromosome 2, while the tissue non-specific form is located on chromosome 1. The product of this gene is a membrane bound glycosylated enzyme that is not expressed in any particular tissue and is, therefore, referred to as the tissue-nonspecific form of the enzyme. The exact physiological function of the alkaline phosphatases is not known. A proposed function of this form of the enzyme is matrix mineralization; however, mice that lack a functional form of this enzyme show normal skeletal development. This enzyme has been linked directly to hypophosphatasia, a disorder that is characterized by hypercalcemia and includes skeletal defects. The character of this disorder can vary, however, depending on the specific mutation since this determines age of onset and severity of symptoms. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| SPAG4 | sperm associated antigen 4|The mammalian sperm flagellum contains two cytoskeletal structures associated with the axoneme: the outer dense fibers surrounding the axoneme in the midpiece and principal piece and the fibrous sheath surrounding the outer dense fibers in the principal piece of the tail. Defects in these structures are associated with abnormal tail morphology, reduced sperm motility, and infertility. In the rat, the protein encoded by this gene associates with an outer dense fiber protein via a leucine zipper motif and localizes to the microtubules of the manchette and axoneme during sperm tail development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TM2D1 | TM2 domain containing 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a beta-amyloid peptide-binding protein. It contains a structural module related to that of the seven transmembrane domain G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and known to be important in heterotrimeric G protein activation. Beta-amyloid peptide has been established to be a causative factor in neuron death and the consequent diminution of cognitive abilities observed in Alzheimer's disease. This protein may be a target of neurotoxic beta-amyloid peptide, and may mediate cellular vulnerability to beta-amyloid peptide toxicity through a G protein-regulated program of cell death. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| TM2D2 | TM2 domain containing 2|The protein encoded by this gene contains a structural module related to that of the seven transmembrane domain G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. This protein has sequence and structural similarities to the beta-amyloid binding protein (BBP), but, unlike BBP, it does not regulate a response to beta-amyloid peptide. This protein may have regulatory roles in cell death or proliferation signal cascades. This gene has multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants which encode two different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TM2D3 | TM2 domain containing 3|The protein encoded by this gene contains a structural module related to that of the seven transmembrane domain G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. This protein has sequence and structural similarities to the beta-amyloid binding protein (BBP), but, unlike BBP, it does not regulate a response to beta-amyloid peptide. This protein may have regulatory roles in cell death or proliferation signal cascades. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene are described but the full length nature of some variants has not been determined. Multiple polyadenylation sites have been found in this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TBC1D5 | TBC1 domain family, member 5| |
| ZFAND6 | zinc finger, AN1-type domain 6| |
| ZFAND5 | zinc finger, AN1-type domain 5| |
| ZFAND4 | zinc finger, AN1-type domain 4| |
| ZFAND3 | zinc finger, AN1-type domain 3| |
| ZFAND1 | zinc finger, AN1-type domain 1| |
| MYO5B | myosin VB|The protein encoded by this gene, together with other proteins, may be involved in plasma membrane recycling. Mutations in this gene are associated with microvillous inclusion disease. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| SUPT3H | suppressor of Ty 3 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| PLVAP | plasmalemma vesicle associated protein| |
| CEP128 | centrosomal protein 128kDa| |
| SLC39A10 | solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 10|Zinc is an essential cofactor for hundreds of enzymes. It is involved in protein, nucleic acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, as well as in the control of gene transcription, growth, development, and differentiation. SLC39A10 belongs to a subfamily of proteins that show structural characteristics of zinc transporters (Taylor and Nicholson, 2003 [PubMed 12659941]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SLC39A11 | solute carrier family 39, member 11| |
| NUP133 | nucleoporin 133kDa|The nuclear envelope creates distinct nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments in eukaryotic cells. It consists of two concentric membranes perforated by nuclear pores, large protein complexes that form aqueous channels to regulate the flow of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. These complexes are composed of at least 100 different polypeptide subunits, many of which belong to the nucleoporin family. The nucleoporin protein encoded by this gene displays evolutionarily conserved interactions with other nucleoporins. This protein, which localizes to both sides of the nuclear pore complex at interphase, remains associated with the complex during mitosis and is targeted at early stages to the reforming nuclear envelope. This protein also localizes to kinetochores of mitotic cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC39A14 | solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 14|Zinc is an essential cofactor for hundreds of enzymes. It is involved in protein, nucleic acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, as well as in the control of gene transcription, growth, development, and differentiation. SLC39A14 belongs to a subfamily of proteins that show structural characteristics of zinc transporters (Taylor and Nicholson, 2003 [PubMed 12659941]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SCN2B | sodium channel, voltage gated, type II beta subunit| |
| CEP120 | centrosomal protein 120kDa|This gene encodes a protein that functions in the microtubule-dependent coupling of the nucleus and the centrosome. A similar protein in mouse plays a role in both interkinetic nuclear migration, which is a characteristic pattern of nuclear movement in neural progenitors, and in neural progenitor self-renewal. Mutations in this gene are predicted to result in neurogenic defects. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| EIF1AX | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A, X-linked|This gene encodes an essential eukaryotic translation initiation factor. The protein is required for the binding of the 43S complex (a 40S subunit, eIF2/GTP/Met-tRNAi and eIF3) to the 5' end of capped RNA. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NTRK1 | neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 1|This gene encodes a member of the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor (NTKR) family. This kinase is a membrane-bound receptor that, upon neurotrophin binding, phosphorylates itself and members of the MAPK pathway. The presence of this kinase leads to cell differentiation and may play a role in specifying sensory neuron subtypes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with congenital insensitivity to pain, anhidrosis, self-mutilating behavior, mental retardation and cancer. Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene have been found, but only three have been characterized to date. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NTRK2 | neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2|This gene encodes a member of the neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) family. This kinase is a membrane-bound receptor that, upon neurotrophin binding, phosphorylates itself and members of the MAPK pathway. Signalling through this kinase leads to cell differentiation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with obesity and mood disorders. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| NTRK3 | neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 3|This gene encodes a member of the neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) family. This kinase is a membrane-bound receptor that, upon neurotrophin binding, phosphorylates itself and members of the MAPK pathway. Signalling through this kinase leads to cell differentiation and may play a role in the development of proprioceptive neurons that sense body position. Mutations in this gene have been associated with medulloblastomas, secretory breast carcinomas and other cancers. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| EIF1AD | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A domain containing| |
| ARHGAP22 | Rho GTPase activating protein 22|This gene encodes a member of the GTPase activating protein family which activates a GTPase belonging to the RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins. The encoded protein is insulin-responsive, is dependent on the kinase Akt and requires the Akt-dependent 14-3-3 binding protein which binds sequentially to two serine residues. The result of these interactions is regulation of cell motility. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| ARHGAP21 | Rho GTPase activating protein 21|ARHGAP21 functions preferentially as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for CDC42 (MIM 116952) and regulates the ARP2/3 complex (MIM 604221) and F-actin dynamics at the Golgi through control of CDC42 activity (Dubois et al., 2005 [PubMed 15793564]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ARHGAP20 | Rho GTPase activating protein 20| |
| ARHGAP27 | Rho GTPase activating protein 27|This gene encodes a member of a large family of proteins that activate Rho-type guanosine triphosphate (GTP) metabolizing enzymes. The encoded protein may pay a role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| ARHGAP26 | Rho GTPase activating protein 26|Interaction of a cell with the extracellular matrix triggers integrin cell surface receptors to begin signaling cascades that regulate the organization of the actin-cytoskeleton. One of the proteins involved in these cascades is focal adhesion kinase. The protein encoded by this gene is a GTPase activating protein that binds to focal adhesion kinase and mediates the activity of the GTP binding proteins RhoA and Cdc42. Defects in this gene are a cause of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| ARHGAP25 | Rho GTPase activating protein 25|ARHGAPs, such as ARHGAP25, encode negative regulators of Rho GTPases (see ARHA; MIM 165390), which are implicated in actin remodeling, cell polarity, and cell migration (Katoh and Katoh, 2004 [PubMed 15254788]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| EVI5 | ecotropic viral integration site 5| |
| MTX3 | metaxin 3| |
| ARHGAP29 | Rho GTPase activating protein 29| |
| ARHGAP28 | Rho GTPase activating protein 28| |
| CHST12 | carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase 12|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the sulfotransferase 2 family. It is localized to the golgi membrane, and catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to position 4 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of chondroitin and desulfated dermatan sulfate. Chondroitin sulfate constitutes the predominant proteoglycan present in cartilage, and is distributed on the surfaces of many cells and extracellular matrices. Alternatively spliced transcript variants differing only in their 5' UTRs have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| TBX4 | T-box 4|This gene is a member of a phylogenetically conserved family of genes that share a common DNA-binding domain, the T-box. T-box genes encode transcription factors involved in the regulation of developmental processes. This gene is the human homolog of mouse Tbx4, which is closely linked to Tbx2 on mouse chromosome 11. Similarly this gene, like TBX2, maps to human chromosome 17. Expression studies in mouse and chicken show that Tbx4 is expressed in developing hindlimb, but not in forelimb buds, suggesting a role for this gene in regulating limb development and specification of limb identity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HHAT | hedgehog acyltransferase|'Skinny hedgehog' (SKI1) encodes an enzyme that acts within the secretory pathway to catalyze amino-terminal palmitoylation of 'hedgehog' (see MIM 600725).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002] |
| MICALCL | MICAL C-terminal like| |
| NFKBIL1 | nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-like 1|This gene encodes a divergent member of the I-kappa-B family of proteins. Its function has not been determined. The gene lies within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I region on chromosome 6. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| RBFA | ribosome binding factor A (putative)| |
| PCGF3 | polycomb group ring finger 3|The protein encoded by this gene contains a C3HC4 type RING finger, which is a motif known to be involved in protein-protein interactions. The specific function of this protein has not yet been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NKRF | NFKB repressing factor|This gene encodes a transcriptional repressor that interacts with specific negative regulatory elements to mediate transcriptional repression of certain nuclear factor kappa B responsive genes. The protein localizes predominantly to the nucleolus with a small fraction found in the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| SMAD2 | SMAD family member 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the SMAD, a family of proteins similar to the gene products of the Drosophila gene 'mothers against decapentaplegic' (Mad) and the C. elegans gene Sma. SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple signaling pathways. This protein mediates the signal of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and thus regulates multiple cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. This protein is recruited to the TGF-beta receptors through its interaction with the SMAD anchor for receptor activation (SARA) protein. In response to TGF-beta signal, this protein is phosphorylated by the TGF-beta receptors. The phosphorylation induces the dissociation of this protein with SARA and the association with the family member SMAD4. The association with SMAD4 is important for the translocation of this protein into the nucleus, where it binds to target promoters and forms a transcription repressor complex with other cofactors. This protein can also be phosphorylated by activin type 1 receptor kinase, and mediates the signal from the activin. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| MYSM1 | Myb-like, SWIRM and MPN domains 1| |
| PPIB | peptidylprolyl isomerase B (cyclophilin B)|The protein encoded by this gene is a cyclosporine-binding protein and is mainly located within the endoplasmic reticulum. It is associated with the secretory pathway and released in biological fluids. This protein can bind to cells derived from T- and B-lymphocytes, and may regulate cyclosporine A-mediated immunosuppression. Variants have been identified in this protein that give rise to recessive forms of osteogenesis imperfecta. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| ATG2A | autophagy related 2A| |
| ATG2B | autophagy related 2B| |
| GPR3 | G protein-coupled receptor 3|This gene is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family and is found in the cell membrane. G protein-coupled receptors, characterized by a seven transmembrane domain motif, are involved in translating outside signals into G protein mediated intracellular effects. The encoded protein activates adenylate cyclase and modulates amyloid-beta production in a mouse model, suggesting that it may play a role in Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| BMP6 | bone morphogenetic protein 6|The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a family of secreted signaling molecules that can induce ectopic bone growth. Many BMPs are part of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. BMPs were originally identified by an ability of demineralized bone extract to induce endochondral osteogenesis in vivo in an extraskeletal site. Based on its expression early in embryogenesis, the BMP encoded by this gene has a proposed role in early development. In addition, the fact that this BMP is closely related to BMP5 and BMP7 has lead to speculation of possible bone inductive activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BMP5 | bone morphogenetic protein 5|This gene encodes a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family which is part of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. The superfamily includes large families of growth and differentiation factors. Bone morphogenetic proteins were originally identified by an ability of demineralized bone extract to induce endochondral osteogenesis in vivo in an extraskeletal site. These proteins are synthesized as prepropeptides, cleaved, and then processed into dimeric proteins. This protein may act as an important signaling molecule within the trabecular meshwork and optic nerve head, and may play a potential role in glaucoma pathogenesis. This gene is differentially regulated during the formation of various tumors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BMP4 | bone morphogenetic protein 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family which is part of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. The superfamily includes large families of growth and differentiation factors. Bone morphogenetic proteins were originally identified by an ability of demineralized bone extract to induce endochondral osteogenesis in vivo in an extraskeletal site. This particular family member plays an important role in the onset of endochondral bone formation in humans, and a reduction in expression has been associated with a variety of bone diseases, including the heritable disorder Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva. Alternative splicing in the 5' untranslated region of this gene has been described and three variants are described, all encoding an identical protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BMP3 | bone morphogenetic protein 3|BMP3 belongs to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. Bone morphogenic protein, also known as osteogenin, induces bone formation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BMP2 | bone morphogenetic protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. The encoded protein acts as a disulfide-linked homodimer and induces bone and cartilage formation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BMP1 | bone morphogenetic protein 1|This gene encodes a protein that is capable of inducing formation of cartilage in vivo. Although other bone morphogenetic proteins are members of the TGF-beta superfamily, this gene encodes a protein that is not closely related to other known growth factors. This gene is expressed as alternatively spliced variants that share an N-terminal protease domain but differ in their C-terminal region. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| NDUFAF4 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex I, assembly factor 4|NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) in the first step of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, resulting in the translocation of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This gene encodes a complex I assembly factor. Mutations in this gene are a cause of mitochondrial complex I deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| DR1 | down-regulator of transcription 1, TBP-binding (negative cofactor 2)|This gene encodes a TBP- (TATA box-binding protein) associated phosphoprotein that represses both basal and activated levels of transcription. The encoded protein is phosphorylated in vivo and this phosphorylation affects its interaction with TBP. This protein contains a histone fold motif at the amino terminus, a TBP-binding domain, and a glutamine- and alanine-rich region. The binding of DR1 repressor complexes to TBP-promoter complexes may establish a mechanism in which an altered DNA conformation, together with the formation of higher order complexes, inhibits the assembly of the preinitiation complex and controls the rate of RNA polymerase II transcription. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FEM1B | fem-1 homolog b (C. elegans)|This gene encodes an ankyrin repeat protein that belongs to the death receptor-associated family of proteins and plays a role in mediating apoptosis. The encoded protein is also thought to function in the replication stress-induced checkpoint signaling pathway via interaction with checkpoint kinase 1. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| PCGF6 | polycomb group ring finger 6|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger motif, which is most closely related to those of polycomb group (PcG) proteins RNF110/MEL-18 and BMI1. PcG proteins are known to form protein complexes and function as transcription repressors. This protein has been shown to interact with some PcG proteins and act as a transcription repressor. The activity of this protein is found to be regulated by cell cycle dependent phosphorylation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C1orf35 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 35| |
| ASF1A | anti-silencing function 1A histone chaperone|This gene encodes a member of the H3/H4 family of histone chaperone proteins and is similar to the anti-silencing function-1 gene in yeast. The protein is a key component of a histone donor complex that functions in nucleosome assembly. It interacts with histones H3 and H4, and functions together with a chromatin assembly factor during DNA replication and repair. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GOLGA8M | golgin A8 family, member M| |
| GOLGA8O | golgin A8 family, member O| |
| TERF1 | telomeric repeat binding factor (NIMA-interacting) 1|This gene encodes a telomere specific protein which is a component of the telomere nucleoprotein complex. This protein is present at telomeres throughout the cell cycle and functions as an inhibitor of telomerase, acting in cis to limit the elongation of individual chromosome ends. The protein structure contains a C-terminal Myb motif, a dimerization domain near its N-terminus and an acidic N-terminus. Two transcripts of this gene are alternatively spliced products. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GOLGA8H | golgin A8 family, member H| |
| GOLGA8K | golgin A8 family, member K| |
| GOLGA8J | golgin A8 family, member J| |
| FOXM1 | forkhead box M1|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional activator involved in cell proliferation. The encoded protein is phosphorylated in M phase and regulates the expression of several cell cycle genes, such as cyclin B1 and cyclin D1. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| FEM1A | fem-1 homolog a (C. elegans)| |
| GOLGA8A | golgin A8 family, member A|The Golgi apparatus, which participates in glycosylation and transport of proteins and lipids in the secretory pathway, consists of a series of stacked, flattened membrane sacs referred to as cisternae. Interactions between the Golgi and microtubules are thought to be important for the reorganization of the Golgi after it fragments during mitosis. The golgins constitute a family of proteins which are localized to the Golgi. This gene encodes a golgin which structurally resembles its family member GOLGA2, suggesting that they may share a similar function. There are many similar copies of this gene on chromosome 15. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| GOLGA8B | golgin A8 family, member B| |
| RASSF9 | Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family (N-terminal) member 9|The protein encoded by this gene localizes to perinuclear endosomes. This protein associates with peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase, and may be involved with the trafficking of this enzyme through secretory or endosomal pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MARCH10 | membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 10, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|MARCH10 is a member of the MARCH family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases (EC 6.3.2.19). MARCH enzymes add ubiquitin (see MIM 191339) to target lysines in substrate proteins, thereby signaling their vesicular transport between membrane compartments (Morokuma et al., 2007 [PubMed 17604280]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010] |
| RASSF1 | Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 1|This gene encodes a protein similar to the RAS effector proteins. Loss or altered expression of this gene has been associated with the pathogenesis of a variety of cancers, which suggests the tumor suppressor function of this gene. The inactivation of this gene was found to be correlated with the hypermethylation of its CpG-island promoter region. The encoded protein was found to interact with DNA repair protein XPA. The protein was also shown to inhibit the accumulation of cyclin D1, and thus induce cell cycle arrest. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| PTOV1 | prostate tumor overexpressed 1|This gene encodes a protein that was found to be overexpressed in prostate adenocarcinomas. The encoded protein was found to interact with the lipid raft protein flotillin-1 and shuttle it from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in a cell cycle dependent manner. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| PTPMT1 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, mitochondrial 1| |
| RASSF2 | Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 2|This gene encodes a protein that contains a Ras association domain. Similar to its cattle and sheep counterparts, this gene is located near the prion gene. Two alternatively spliced transcripts encoding the same isoform have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RASSF5 | Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 5|This gene is a member of the Ras association domain family. It functions as a tumor suppressor, and is inactivated in a variety of cancers. The encoded protein localizes to centrosomes and microtubules, and associates with the GTP-activated forms of Ras, Rap1, and several other Ras-like small GTPases. The protein regulates lymphocyte adhesion and suppresses cell growth in response to activated Rap1 or Ras. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RASSF4 | Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 4|The function of this gene has not yet been determined but may involve a role in tumor suppression. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants; however, most of the variants have not been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RASSF7 | Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family (N-terminal) member 7| |
| RASSF6 | Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 6|This gene encodes a member of the Ras-association domain family (RASSF). Members of this family form the core of a highly conserved tumor suppressor network, the Salvador-Warts-Hippo (SWH) pathway. The protein encoded by this gene is a Ras effector protein that induces apoptosis. A genomic region containing this gene has been linked to susceptibility to viral bronchiolitis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants and protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| NHP2 | NHP2 ribonucleoprotein|This gene is a member of the H/ACA snoRNPs (small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins) gene family. snoRNPs are involved in various aspects of rRNA processing and modification and have been classified into two families: C/D and H/ACA. The H/ACA snoRNPs also include the DKC1, NOLA1 and NOLA3 proteins. These four H/ACA snoRNP proteins localize to the dense fibrillar components of nucleoli and to coiled (Cajal) bodies in the nucleus. Both 18S rRNA production and rRNA pseudouridylation are impaired if any one of the four proteins is depleted. The four H/ACA snoRNP proteins are also components of the telomerase complex. This gene encodes a protein related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nhp2p. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| TMPRSS11A | transmembrane protease, serine 11A| |
| DDX4 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 4|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein, which is a homolog of VASA proteins in Drosophila and several other species. The gene is specifically expressed in the germ cell lineage in both sexes and functions in germ cell development. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| ATP5C1 | ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, gamma polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel consists of three main subunits (a, b, c). This gene encodes the gamma subunit of the catalytic core. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. This gene also has a pseudogene on chromosome 14. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NFS1 | NFS1 cysteine desulfurase|Iron-sulfur clusters are required for the function of many cellular enzymes. The proteins encoded by this gene supply inorganic sulfur to these clusters by removing the sulfur from cysteine, creating alanine in the process. This gene uses alternate in-frame translation initiation sites to generate mitochondrial forms and cytoplasmic/nuclear forms. Selection of the alternative initiation sites is determined by the cytosolic pH. The encoded proteins belong to the class-V family of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent aminotransferases. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| CHD3 | chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 3|This gene encodes a member of the CHD family of proteins which are characterized by the presence of chromo (chromatin organization modifier) domains and SNF2-related helicase/ATPase domains. This protein is one of the components of a histone deacetylase complex referred to as the Mi-2/NuRD complex which participates in the remodeling of chromatin by deacetylating histones. Chromatin remodeling is essential for many processes including transcription. Autoantibodies against this protein are found in a subset of patients with dermatomyositis. Three alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CHD2 | chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 2|The CHD family of proteins is characterized by the presence of chromo (chromatin organization modifier) domains and SNF2-related helicase/ATPase domains. CHD genes alter gene expression possibly by modification of chromatin structure thus altering access of the transcriptional apparatus to its chromosomal DNA template. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CHD5 | chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 5|This gene encodes a member of the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein family. Members of this family are characterized by a chromodomain, a helicase ATP-binding domain and an additional functional domain. This gene encodes a neuron-specific protein that may function in chromatin remodeling and gene transcription. This gene is a potential tumor suppressor gene that may play a role in the development of neuroblastoma. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| CHD4 | chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 4|The product of this gene belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. It represents the main component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase complex and plays an important role in epigenetic transcriptional repression. Patients with dermatomyositis develop antibodies against this protein. Somatic mutations in this gene are associated with serous endometrial tumors. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| CHD7 | chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7|This gene encodes a protein that contains several helicase family domains. Mutations in this gene have been found in some patients with the CHARGE syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CHD6 | chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 6|This gene encodes a member of the SNF2/RAD54 helicase protein family. The encoded protein contains two chromodomains, a helicase domain, and an ATPase domain. Several multi-subunit protein complexes remodel chromatin to allow patterns of cell type-specific gene expression, and the encoded protein is thought to be a core member of one or more of these chromatin remodeling complexes. The encoded protein may function as a transcriptional repressor and is involved in the cellular repression of influenza virus replication. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| CHD9 | chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 9| |
| CHD8 | chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 8|This gene encodes a DNA helicase that functions as a transcription repressor by remodeling chromatin structure. It binds beta-catenin and negatively regulates Wnt signaling pathway, which plays a pivotal role in vertebrate early development and morphogenesis. Mice lacking this gene exhibit early embryonic death. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| TRABD | TraB domain containing| |
| CAP1 | CAP, adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1 (yeast)|The protein encoded by this gene is related to the S. cerevisiae CAP protein, which is involved in the cyclic AMP pathway. The human protein is able to interact with other molecules of the same protein, as well as with CAP2 and actin. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CAP2 | CAP, adenylate cyclase-associated protein, 2 (yeast)|This gene was identified by its similarity to the gene for human adenylyl cyclase-associated protein. The function of the protein encoded by this gene is unknown. However, the protein appears to be able to interact with adenylyl cyclase-associated protein and actin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NPC2 | Niemann-Pick disease, type C2|This gene encodes a protein containing a lipid recognition domain. The encoded protein may function in regulating the transport of cholesterol through the late endosomal/lysosomal system. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Niemann-Pick disease, type C2 and frontal lobe atrophy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NPC1 | Niemann-Pick disease, type C1|This gene encodes a large protein that resides in the limiting membrane of endosomes and lysosomes and mediates intracellular cholesterol trafficking via binding of cholesterol to its N-terminal domain. It is predicted to have a cytoplasmic C-terminus, 13 transmembrane domains, and 3 large loops in the lumen of the endosome - the last loop being at the N-terminus. This protein transports low-density lipoproteins to late endosomal/lysosomal compartments where they are hydrolized and released as free cholesterol. Defects in this gene cause Niemann-Pick type C disease, a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by over accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids in late endosomal/lysosomal compartments.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| SKIV2L | superkiller viralicidic activity 2-like (S. cerevisiae)|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein, which is a human homologue of yeast SKI2 and may be involved in antiviral activity by blocking translation of poly(A) deficient mRNAs. This gene is located in the class III region of the major histocompatibility complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DDX5 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box helicase 5|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure, such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein, which is a RNA-dependent ATPase, and also a proliferation-associated nuclear antigen, specifically reacting with the simian virus 40 tumor antigen. This gene consists of 13 exons, and alternatively spliced transcripts containing several intron sequences have been detected, but no isoforms encoded by these transcripts have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TTC5 | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 5| |
| TTC4 | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 4|This gene encodes a protein that contains tetratricopeptide (TPR) repeats, which often mediate protein-protein interactions and chaperone activity. The encoded protein interacts with heat shock proteins 70 and 90. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Naturally-occuring readthrough transcription occurs from upstream gene MROH (maestro heat-like repeat family member 7) to this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| PRKCB | protein kinase C, beta|Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by calcium and second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. PKC family members also serve as major receptors for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters. Each member of the PKC family has a specific expression profile and is believed to play a distinct role in cells. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the PKC family members. This protein kinase has been reported to be involved in many different cellular functions, such as B cell activation, apoptosis induction, endothelial cell proliferation, and intestinal sugar absorption. Studies in mice also suggest that this kinase may also regulate neuronal functions and correlate fear-induced conflict behavior after stress. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TTC1 | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 1|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the tetratrico peptide repeat superfamily of proteins. The encoded protein plays a role in protein-protein interactions, and binds to the Galpha subunit of G protein-coupled receptors to activate the Ras signaling pathway. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| IL4R | interleukin 4 receptor|This gene encodes the alpha chain of the interleukin-4 receptor, a type I transmembrane protein that can bind interleukin 4 and interleukin 13 to regulate IgE production. The encoded protein also can bind interleukin 4 to promote differentiation of Th2 cells. A soluble form of the encoded protein can be produced by proteolysis of the membrane-bound protein, and this soluble form can inhibit IL4-mediated cell proliferation and IL5 upregulation by T-cells. Allelic variations in this gene have been associated with atopy, a condition that can manifest itself as allergic rhinitis, sinusitus, asthma, or eczema. Polymorphisms in this gene are also associated with resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| TTC3 | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 3| |
| PIKFYVE | phosphoinositide kinase, FYVE finger containing|Phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) regulate cytoskeletal functions, membrane trafficking, and receptor signaling by recruiting protein complexes to cell- and endosomal-membranes. Humans have multiple PtdIns proteins that differ by the degree and position of phosphorylation of the inositol ring. This gene encodes an enzyme (PIKfyve; also known as phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase type III or PIPKIII) that phosphorylates the D-5 position in PtdIns and phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) to make PtdIns5P and PtdIns(3,5)biphosphate. The D-5 position also can be phosphorylated by type I PtdIns4P-5-kinases (PIP5Ks) that are encoded by distinct genes and preferentially phosphorylate D-4 phosphorylated PtdIns. In contrast, PIKfyve preferentially phosphorylates D-3 phosphorylated PtdIns. In addition to being a lipid kinase, PIKfyve also has protein kinase activity. PIKfyve regulates endomembrane homeostasis and plays a role in the biogenesis of endosome carrier vesicles from early endosomes. Mutations in this gene cause corneal fleck dystrophy (CFD); an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by numerous small white flecks present in all layers of the corneal stroma. Histologically, these flecks appear to be keratocytes distended with lipid and mucopolysaccharide filled intracytoplasmic vacuoles. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| PRKCE | protein kinase C, epsilon|Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by calcium and the second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. PKC family members also serve as major receptors for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters. Each member of the PKC family has a specific expression profile and is believed to play a distinct role in cells. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the PKC family members. This kinase has been shown to be involved in many different cellular functions, such as neuron channel activation, apoptosis, cardioprotection from ischemia, heat shock response, as well as insulin exocytosis. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this kinase is important for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated signaling in activated macrophages and may also play a role in controlling anxiety-like behavior. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C3orf52 | chromosome 3 open reading frame 52| |
| TTC8 | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 8|This gene encodes a protein that has been directly linked to Bardet-Biedl syndrome. The primary features of this syndrome include retinal dystrophy, obesity, polydactyly, renal abnormalities and learning disabilities. Experimentation in non-human eukaryotes suggests that this gene is expressed in ciliated cells and that it is involved in the formation of cilia. A mutation in this gene has also been implicated in nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| DYNC1LI1 | dynein, cytoplasmic 1, light intermediate chain 1| |
| DYNC1LI2 | dynein, cytoplasmic 1, light intermediate chain 2|Cytoplasmic dynein is a microtubule-associated motor protein (Hughes et al., 1995 [PubMed 7738094]). See DYNC1H1 (MIM 600112) for general information about dyneins.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| TRPC1 | transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane protein that can form a non-selective channel permeable to calcium and other cations. The encoded protein appears to be induced to form channels by a receptor tyrosine kinase-activated phosphatidylinositol second messenger system and also by depletion of intracellular calcium stores. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| CHDH | choline dehydrogenase|The protein encoded by this gene is a choline dehydrogenase that localizes to the mitochondrion. Variations in this gene can affect susceptibility to choline deficiency. A few transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature of only one has been characterized to date. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| EFHC1 | EF-hand domain (C-terminal) containing 1|This gene encodes an EF-hand-containing calcium binding protein. The encoded protein likely plays a role in calcium homeostasis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with susceptibility to juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and juvenile absence epilepsy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| CAPG | capping protein (actin filament), gelsolin-like|This gene encodes a member of the gelsolin/villin family of actin-regulatory proteins. The encoded protein reversibly blocks the barbed ends of F-actin filaments in a Ca2+ and phosphoinositide-regulated manner, but does not sever preformed actin filaments. By capping the barbed ends of actin filaments, the encoded protein contributes to the control of actin-based motility in non-muscle cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| TPRKB | TP53RK binding protein| |
| STC2 | stanniocalcin 2|This gene encodes a secreted, homodimeric glycoprotein that is expressed in a wide variety of tissues and may have autocrine or paracrine functions. The encoded protein has 10 of its 15 cysteine residues conserved among stanniocalcin family members and is phosphorylated by casein kinase 2 exclusively on its serine residues. Its C-terminus contains a cluster of histidine residues which may interact with metal ions. The protein may play a role in the regulation of renal and intestinal calcium and phosphate transport, cell metabolism, or cellular calcium/phosphate homeostasis. Constitutive overexpression of human stanniocalcin 2 in mice resulted in pre- and postnatal growth restriction, reduced bone and skeletal muscle growth, and organomegaly. Expression of this gene is induced by estrogen and altered in some breast cancers. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ETHE1 | ethylmalonic encephalopathy 1|This gene encodes a sulfur dioxygenase that localizes within the mitochondrial matrix. The enzyme functions in sulfide catabolism. Mutations in this gene result in ethylmalonic encephalopathy.[provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| PRDM16 | PR domain containing 16|The reciprocal translocation t(1;3)(p36;q21) occurs in a subset of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This gene is located near the 1p36.3 breakpoint and has been shown to be specifically expressed in the t(1:3)(p36,q21)-positive MDS/AML. The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcription factor and contains an N-terminal PR domain. The translocation results in the overexpression of a truncated version of this protein that lacks the PR domain, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of MDS and AML. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ABCG1 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family G (WHITE), member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the White subfamily. It is involved in macrophage cholesterol and phospholipids transport, and may regulate cellular lipid homeostasis in other cell types. Six alternative splice variants have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ABCG2 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family G (WHITE), member 2 (Junior blood group)|The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is included in the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the White subfamily. Alternatively referred to as a breast cancer resistance protein, this protein functions as a xenobiotic transporter which may play a major role in multi-drug resistance. It likely serves as a cellular defense mechanism in response to mitoxantrone and anthracycline exposure. Significant expression of this protein has been observed in the placenta, which may suggest a potential role for this molecule in placenta tissue. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| ABCG4 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family G (WHITE), member 4|The protein encoded by this gene is included in the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the White subfamily and is expressed predominantly in liver tissue. The function has not yet been determined but may involve cholesterol transport. Alternate splice variants have been described but their full length sequences have not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLSCR3 | phospholipid scramblase 3| |
| PRDM10 | PR domain containing 10|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that contains C2H2-type zinc-fingers. It also contains a positive regulatory domain, which has been found in several other zinc-finger transcription factors including those involved in B cell differentiation and tumor suppression. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggest that this protein may be involved in the development of the central nerve system (CNS), as well as in the pathogenesis of neuronal storage disease. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLSCR1 | phospholipid scramblase 1| |
| ABCG8 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family G (WHITE), member 8|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the White subfamily. The protein encoded by this gene functions to exclude non-cholesterol sterol entry at the intestinal level, promote excretion of cholesterol and sterols into bile, and to facilitate transport of sterols back into the intestinal lumen. It is expressed in a tissue-specific manner in the liver, intestine, and gallbladder. This gene is tandemly arrayed on chromosome 2, in a head-to-head orientation with family member ABCG5. Mutations in this gene may contribute to sterol accumulation and atherosclerosis, and have been observed in patients with sitosterolemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MPO | myeloperoxidase|Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme protein synthesized during myeloid differentiation that constitutes the major component of neutrophil azurophilic granules. Produced as a single chain precursor, myeloperoxidase is subsequently cleaved into a light and heavy chain. The mature myeloperoxidase is a tetramer composed of 2 light chains and 2 heavy chains. This enzyme produces hypohalous acids central to the microbicidal activity of neutrophils. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| MPL | MPL proto-oncogene, thrombopoietin receptor|In 1990 an oncogene, v-mpl, was identified from the murine myeloproliferative leukemia virus that was capable of immortalizing bone marrow hematopoietic cells from different lineages. In 1992 the human homologue, named, c-mpl, was cloned. Sequence data revealed that c-mpl encoded a protein that was homologous with members of the hematopoietic receptor superfamily. Presence of anti-sense oligodeoxynucleotides of c-mpl inhibited megakaryocyte colony formation. The ligand for c-mpl, thrombopoietin, was cloned in 1994. Thrombopoietin was shown to be the major regulator of megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet formation. The protein encoded by the c-mpl gene, CD110, is a 635 amino acid transmembrane domain, with two extracellular cytokine receptor domains and two intracellular cytokine receptor box motifs . TPO-R deficient mice were severely thrombocytopenic, emphasizing the important role of CD110 and thrombopoietin in megakaryocyte and platelet formation. Upon binding of thrombopoietin CD110 is dimerized and the JAK family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, as well as the STAT family, the MAPK family, the adaptor protein Shc and the receptors themselves become tyrosine phosphorylated. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HNF4A | hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, alpha|The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear transcription factor which binds DNA as a homodimer. The encoded protein controls the expression of several genes, including hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha, a transcription factor which regulates the expression of several hepatic genes. This gene may play a role in development of the liver, kidney, and intestines. Mutations in this gene have been associated with monogenic autosomal dominant non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type I. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| MPI | mannose phosphate isomerase|Phosphomannose isomerase catalyzes the interconversion of fructose-6-phosphate and mannose-6-phosphate and plays a critical role in maintaining the supply of D-mannose derivatives, which are required for most glycosylation reactions. Mutations in the MPI gene were found in patients with carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome, type Ib. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| BEGAIN | brain-enriched guanylate kinase-associated| |
| SPC25 | SPC25, NDC80 kinetochore complex component|This gene encodes a protein that may be involved in kinetochore-microtubule interaction and spindle checkpoint activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| POLRMT | polymerase (RNA) mitochondrial (DNA directed)|This gene encodes a mitochondrial DNA-directed RNA polymerase. The gene product is responsible for mitochondrial gene expression as well as for providing RNA primers for initiation of replication of the mitochondrial genome. Although this polypeptide has the same function as the three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases, it is more closely related to RNA polymerases of phage and mitochondrial polymerases of lower eukaryotes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RER1 | retention in endoplasmic reticulum sorting receptor 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a multi-pass membrane protein that is localized to the golgi apparatus. It is involved in the retention of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane proteins in the ER and retrieval of ER membrane proteins from the early Golgi compartment to facilitate gamma-secretase complex assembly. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| FUCA1 | fucosidase, alpha-L- 1, tissue|The protein encoded by this gene is a lysosomal enzyme involved in the degradation of fucose-containing glycoproteins and glycolipids. Mutations in this gene are associated with fucosidosis (FUCA1D), which is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease. A pseudogene of this locus is present on chr 2.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| CSNK2A1 | casein kinase 2, alpha 1 polypeptide|Casein kinase II is a serine/threonine protein kinase that phosphorylates acidic proteins such as casein. It is involved in various cellular processes, including cell cycle control, apoptosis, and circadian rhythm. The kinase exists as a tetramer and is composed of an alpha, an alpha-prime, and two beta subunits. The alpha subunits contain the catalytic activity while the beta subunits undergo autophosphorylation. The protein encoded by this gene represents the alpha subunit. While this gene is found on chromosome 20, a related transcribed pseudogene is found on chromosome 11. Three transcript variants encoding two different proteins have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| ZNF165 | zinc finger protein 165|This gene encodes a member of the Kruppel family of zinc finger proteins. Members of this DNA-binding protein family act as transcriptional regulators. This gene is located within a cluster of zinc finger family members. The encoded protein may play a role in spermatogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MCPH1 | microcephalin 1|This gene encodes a DNA damage response protein. The encoded protein may play a role in G2/M checkpoint arrest via maintenance of inhibitory phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1. Mutations in this gene have been associated with primary autosomal recessive microcephaly 1 and premature chromosome condensation syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| KDM1A | lysine (K)-specific demethylase 1A|This gene encodes a nuclear protein containing a SWIRM domain, a FAD-binding motif, and an amine oxidase domain. This protein is a component of several histone deacetylase complexes, though it silences genes by functioning as a histone demethylase. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| GRPEL2 | GrpE-like 2, mitochondrial (E. coli)| |
| SLC36A4 | solute carrier family 36 (proton/amino acid symporter), member 4|SLC36A4 belongs to the SLC36 family of amino acid transporters based on sequence similarity with other family members (e.g., SLC36A1; MIM 606561). SLC36 proteins contain about 500 amino acids and have 9 to 11 transmembrane domains. Unlike other SLC36 family members, which are proton-coupled amino acid transporters, SLC36A4 is a high-affinity/low-capacity non-proton-coupled amino acid transporter (Pillai and Meredith, 2011 [PubMed 21097500]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2011] |
| PUM1 | pumilio RNA-binding family member 1|This gene encodes a member of the PUF family, evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding proteins related to the Pumilio proteins of Drosophila and the fem-3 mRNA binding factor proteins of C. elegans. The encoded protein contains a sequence-specific RNA binding domain comprised of eight repeats and N- and C-terminal flanking regions, and serves as a translational regulator of specific mRNAs by binding to their 3' untranslated regions. The evolutionarily conserved function of the encoded protein in invertebrates and lower vertebrates suggests that the human protein may be involved in translational regulation of embryogenesis, and cell development and differentiation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CKS1B | CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 1B|CKS1B protein binds to the catalytic subunit of the cyclin dependent kinases and is essential for their biological function. The CKS1B mRNA is found to be expressed in different patterns through the cell cycle in HeLa cells, which reflects a specialized role for the encoded protein. At least two transcript variants have been identified for this gene, and it appears that only one of them encodes a protein. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| PRKCQ | protein kinase C, theta|Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by calcium and the second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. PKC family members also serve as major receptors for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters. Each member of the PKC family has a specific expression profile and is believed to play a distinct role. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the PKC family members. It is a calcium-independent and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. This kinase is important for T-cell activation. It is required for the activation of the transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1, and may link the T cell receptor (TCR) signaling complex to the activation of the transcription factors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GRASP | GRP1 (general receptor for phosphoinositides 1)-associated scaffold protein|This gene encodes a protein that functions as a molecular scaffold, linking receptors, including group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors, to neuronal proteins. The encoded protein contains conserved domains, including a leucine zipper sequence, PDZ domain and a C-terminal PDZ-binding motif. Alternately spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| SRGAP2C | SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 2C|This locus encodes a member of the SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein family. This human-specific locus resulted from segmental duplication of the SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 2B locus. The encoded protein lacks the GTPase activating protein domain compared to proteins encoded by SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 2, and acts antagonistically to these proteins in cortical neuron development. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| QRSL1 | glutaminyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing)-like 1| |
| FCER1G | Fc fragment of IgE, high affinity I, receptor for; gamma polypeptide|The high affinity IgE receptor is a key molecule involved in allergic reactions. It is a tetramer composed of 1 alpha, 1 beta, and 2 gamma chains. The gamma chains are also subunits of other Fc receptors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BTG4 | B-cell translocation gene 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the BTG/Tob family. This family has structurally related proteins that appear to have antiproliferative properties. This encoded protein can induce G1 arrest in the cell cycle. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FCER1A | Fc fragment of IgE, high affinity I, receptor for; alpha polypeptide|The immunoglobulin epsilon receptor (IgE receptor) is the initiator of the allergic response. When two or more high-affinity IgE receptors are brought together by allergen-bound IgE molecules, mediators such as histamine that are responsible for allergy symptoms are released. This receptor is comprised of an alpha subunit, a beta subunit, and two gamma subunits. The protein encoded by this gene represents the alpha subunit. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| BTG2 | BTG family, member 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the BTG/Tob family. This family has structurally related proteins that appear to have antiproliferative properties. This encoded protein is involved in the regulation of the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BTG1 | B-cell translocation gene 1, anti-proliferative|This gene is a member of an anti-proliferative gene family that regulates cell growth and differentiation. Expression of this gene is highest in the G0/G1 phases of the cell cycle and downregulated when cells progressed through G1. The encoded protein interacts with several nuclear receptors, and functions as a coactivator of cell differentiation. This locus has been shown to be involved in a t(8;12)(q24;q22) chromosomal translocation in a case of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| DNALI1 | dynein, axonemal, light intermediate chain 1|This gene is the human homolog of the Chlamydomonas inner dynein arm gene, p28. The precise function of this gene is not known, however, it is a potential candidate for immotile cilia syndrome (ICS). Ultrastructural defects of the inner dynein arms are seen in patients with ICS. Immotile mutant strains of Chlamydomonas, a biflagellated algae, exhibit similar defects. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLA2 | Src-like-adaptor 2|This gene encodes a member of the SLAP family of adapter proteins. The encoded protein may play an important receptor-proximal role in downregulating T and B cell-mediated responses and inhibits antigen receptor-induced calcium mobilization. This protein interacts with Cas-Br-M (murine) ecotropic retroviral transforming sequence c. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HESX1 | HESX homeobox 1|This gene encodes a conserved homeobox protein that is a transcriptional repressor in the developing forebrain and pituitary gland. Mutations in this gene are associated with septooptic dysplasia, HESX1-related growth hormone deficiency, and combined pituitary hormone deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C4orf32 | chromosome 4 open reading frame 32| |
| SRD5A3 | steroid 5 alpha-reductase 3|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the steroid 5-alpha reductase family, and polyprenol reductase subfamily. It is involved in the production of androgen 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) from testosterone, and maintenance of the androgen-androgen receptor activation pathway. This protein is also necessary for the conversion of polyprenol into dolichol, which is required for the synthesis of dolichol-linked monosaccharides and the oligosaccharide precursor used for N-linked glycosylation of proteins. Mutations in this gene are associated with congenital disorder of glycosylation type Iq. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| SRD5A1 | steroid-5-alpha-reductase, alpha polypeptide 1 (3-oxo-5 alpha-steroid delta 4-dehydrogenase alpha 1)|Steroid 5-alpha-reductase (EC 1.3.99.5) catalyzes the conversion of testosterone into the more potent androgen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Also see SRD5A2 (MIM 607306).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| HELLS | helicase, lymphoid-specific|This gene encodes a lymphoid-specific helicase. Other helicases function in processes involving DNA strand separation, including replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. This protein is thought to be involved with cellular proliferation and may play a role in leukemogenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| AKAP17A | A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 17A|This locus encodes a protein kinase A anchoring protein. The encoded protein is part of the spliceosome complex and is involved in the regulation of alternate splicing in some mRNA precursors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| FAM49A | family with sequence similarity 49, member A| |
| FAM49B | family with sequence similarity 49, member B| |
| PDILT | protein disulfide isomerase-like, testis expressed| |
| ZFP36L1 | ZFP36 ring finger protein-like 1|This gene is a member of the TIS11 family of early response genes, which are induced by various agonists such as the phorbol ester TPA and the polypeptide mitogen EGF. This gene is well conserved across species and has a promoter that contains motifs seen in other early-response genes. The encoded protein contains a distinguishing putative zinc finger domain with a repeating cys-his motif. This putative nuclear transcription factor most likely functions in regulating the response to growth factors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| ZFP36L2 | ZFP36 ring finger protein-like 2|This gene is a member of the TIS11 family of early response genes. Family members are induced by various agonists such as the phorbol ester TPA and the polypeptide mitogen EGF. The encoded protein contains a distinguishing putative zinc finger domain with a repeating cys-his motif. This putative nuclear transcription factor most likely functions in regulating the response to growth factors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GGA1 | golgi-associated, gamma adaptin ear containing, ARF binding protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the Golgi-localized, gamma adaptin ear-containing, ARF-binding (GGA) protein family. Members of this family are ubiquitous coat proteins that regulate the trafficking of proteins between the trans-Golgi network and the lysosome. These proteins share an amino-terminal VHS domain which mediates sorting of the mannose 6-phosphate receptors at the trans-Golgi network. They also contain a carboxy-terminal region with homology to the ear domain of gamma-adaptins. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GGA3 | golgi-associated, gamma adaptin ear containing, ARF binding protein 3|This gene encodes a member of the Golgi-localized, gamma adaptin ear-containing, ARF-binding (GGA) family. This family includes ubiquitous coat proteins that regulate the trafficking of proteins between the trans-Golgi network and the lysosome. These proteins share an amino-terminal VHS domain which mediates sorting of the mannose 6-phosphate receptors at the trans-Golgi network. They also contain a carboxy-terminal region with homology to the ear domain of gamma-adaptins. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified in this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| GGA2 | golgi-associated, gamma adaptin ear containing, ARF binding protein 2|This gene encodes a member of the Golgi-localized, gamma adaptin ear-containing, ARF-binding (GGA) family. This family includes ubiquitous coat proteins that regulate the trafficking of proteins between the trans-Golgi network and the lysosome. These proteins share an amino-terminal VHS domain which mediates sorting of the mannose 6-phosphate receptors at the trans-Golgi network. They also contain a carboxy-terminal region with homology to the ear domain of gamma-adaptins. This family member may play a significant role in cargo molecules regulation and clathrin-coated vesicle assembly. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C15orf48 | chromosome 15 open reading frame 48|This gene was first identified in a study of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues. Levels of both the message and protein are reduced in carcinoma samples. In adult human tissues, this gene is expressed in the the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon and placenta. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| ZNF510 | zinc finger protein 510| |
| TSNAXIP1 | translin-associated factor X interacting protein 1| |
| ATP6V0D2 | ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 38kDa, V0 subunit d2| |
| C15orf40 | chromosome 15 open reading frame 40| |
| C15orf41 | chromosome 15 open reading frame 41|This gene encodes a protein with two predicted helix-turn-helix domains. Mutations in this gene were found in families with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type Ib. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| C15orf43 | chromosome 15 open reading frame 43| |
| FHOD1 | formin homology 2 domain containing 1|This gene encodes a protein which is a member of the formin/diaphanous family of proteins. The gene is ubiquitously expressed but is found in abundance in the spleen. The encoded protein has sequence homology to diaphanous and formin proteins within the Formin Homology (FH)1 and FH2 domains. It also contains a coiled-coil domain, a collagen-like domain, two nuclear localization signals, and several potential PKC and PKA phosphorylation sites. It is a predominantly cytoplasmic protein and is expressed in a variety of human cell lines. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FHOD3 | formin homology 2 domain containing 3|Proteins that contain formin (FMN1; MIM 136535) homology (FH) domains, such as FHOD3, play a role in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton (Kanaya et al., 2005 [PubMed 15966898]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010] |
| ADH7 | alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide|This gene encodes class IV alcohol dehydrogenase 7 mu or sigma subunit, which is a member of the alcohol dehydrogenase family. Members of this family metabolize a wide variety of substrates, including ethanol, retinol, other aliphatic alcohols, hydroxysteroids, and lipid peroxidation products. The enzyme encoded by this gene is inefficient in ethanol oxidation, but is the most active as a retinol dehydrogenase; thus it may participate in the synthesis of retinoic acid, a hormone important for cellular differentiation. The expression of this gene is much more abundant in stomach than liver, thus differing from the other known gene family members. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| ADH6 | alcohol dehydrogenase 6 (class V)|This gene encodes class V alcohol dehydrogenase, which is a member of the alcohol dehydrogenase family. Members of this family metabolize a wide variety of substrates, including ethanol, retinol, other aliphatic alcohols, hydroxysteroids, and lipid peroxidation products. This gene is expressed in the stomach as well as in the liver, and it contains a glucocorticoid response element upstream of its 5' UTR, which is a steroid hormone receptor binding site. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADH5 | alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide|This gene encodes a member of the alcohol dehydrogenase family. Members of this family metabolize a wide variety of substrates, including ethanol, retinol, other aliphatic alcohols, hydroxysteroids, and lipid peroxidation products. The encoded protein forms a homodimer. It has virtually no activity for ethanol oxidation, but exhibits high activity for oxidation of long-chain primary alcohols and for oxidation of S-hydroxymethyl-glutathione, a spontaneous adduct between formaldehyde and glutathione. This enzyme is an important component of cellular metabolism for the elimination of formaldehyde, a potent irritant and sensitizing agent that causes lacrymation, rhinitis, pharyngitis, and contact dermatitis. The human genome contains several non-transcribed pseudogenes related to this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| ADH4 | alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide|This gene encodes class II alcohol dehydrogenase 4 pi subunit, which is a member of the alcohol dehydrogenase family. Members of this enzyme family metabolize a wide variety of substrates, including ethanol, retinol, other aliphatic alcohols, hydroxysteroids, and lipid peroxidation products. Class II alcohol dehydrogenase is a homodimer composed of 2 pi subunits. It exhibits a high activity for oxidation of long-chain aliphatic alcohols and aromatic alcohols and is less sensitive to pyrazole. This gene is localized to chromosome 4 in the cluster of alcohol dehydrogenase genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PKD2 | polycystic kidney disease 2 (autosomal dominant)|This gene encodes a member of the polycystin protein family. The encoded protein is a multi-pass membrane protein that functions as a calcium permeable cation channel, and is involved in calcium transport and calcium signaling in renal epithelial cells. This protein interacts with polycystin 1, and they may be partners in a common signaling cascade involved in tubular morphogenesis. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease type 2. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| PKD1 | polycystic kidney disease 1 (autosomal dominant)|This gene encodes a member of the polycystin protein family. The encoded glycoprotein contains a large N-terminal extracellular region, multiple transmembrane domains and a cytoplasmic C-tail. It is an integral membrane protein that functions as a regulator of calcium permeable cation channels and intracellular calcium homoeostasis. It is also involved in cell-cell/matrix interactions and may modulate G-protein-coupled signal-transduction pathways. It plays a role in renal tubular development, and mutations in this gene cause autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease type 1 (ADPKD1). ADPKD1 is characterized by the growth of fluid-filled cysts that replace normal renal tissue and result in end-stage renal failure. Splice variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. Also, six pseudogenes, closely linked in a known duplicated region on chromosome 16p, have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| GJC2 | gap junction protein, gamma 2, 47kDa|This gene encodes a gap junction protein. Gap junction proteins are members of a large family of homologous connexins and comprise 4 transmembrane, 2 extracellular, and 3 cytoplasmic domains. This gene plays a key role in central myelination and is involved in peripheral myelination in humans. Defects in this gene are the cause of autosomal recessive Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease-1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C4orf3 | chromosome 4 open reading frame 3| |
| ING3 | inhibitor of growth family, member 3|The protein encoded by this gene is similar to ING1, a tumor suppressor protein that can interact with TP53, inhibit cell growth, and induce apoptosis. This protein contains a PHD-finger, which is a common motif in proteins involved in chromatin remodeling. This gene can activate p53 trans-activated promoters, including promoters of p21/waf1 and bax. Overexpression of this gene has been shown to inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis. Allelic loss and reduced expression of this gene were detected in head and neck cancers. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GJC1 | gap junction protein, gamma 1, 45kDa|This gene is a member of the connexin gene family. The encoded protein is a component of gap junctions, which are composed of arrays of intercellular channels that provide a route for the diffusion of low molecular weight materials from cell to cell. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same isoform have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF138 | zinc finger protein 138| |
| PFKFB1 | 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 1|This gene encodes a member of the family of bifunctional 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase:fructose-2,6-biphosphatase enzymes. The enzyme forms a homodimer that catalyzes both the synthesis and degradation of fructose-2,6-biphosphate using independent catalytic domains. Fructose-2,6-biphosphate is an activator of the glycolysis pathway and an inhibitor of the gluconeogenesis pathway. Consequently, regulating fructose-2,6-biphosphate levels through the activity of this enzyme is thought to regulate glucose homeostasis. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| PRKACG | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, gamma|Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) consists of two catalytic subunits and a regulatory subunit dimer. This gene encodes the gamma form of its catalytic subunit. The gene is intronless and is thought to be a retrotransposon derived from the gene for the alpha form of the PKA catalytic subunit. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DEK | DEK proto-oncogene|This gene encodes a protein with one SAP domain. This protein binds to cruciform and superhelical DNA and induces positive supercoils into closed circular DNA, and is also involved in splice site selection during mRNA processing. Chromosomal aberrations involving this region, increased expression of this gene, and the presence of antibodies against this protein are all associated with various diseases. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| PRKACA | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, alpha|This gene encodes one of the catalytic subunits of protein kinase A, which exists as a tetrameric holoenzyme with two regulatory subunits and two catalytic subunits, in its inactive form. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. Four different regulatory subunits and three catalytic subunits have been identified in humans. cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinase A is important to many cellular processes, including differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Constitutive activation of this gene caused either by somatic mutations, or genomic duplications of regions that include this gene, have been associated with hyperplasias and adenomas of the adrenal cortex and are linked to corticotropin-independent Cushing's syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Tissue-specific isoforms that differ at the N-terminus have been described, and these isoforms may differ in the post-translational modifications that occur at the N-terminus of some isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| NUAK2 | NUAK family, SNF1-like kinase, 2| |
| PRKACB | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, beta|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. The encoded protein is a catalytic subunit of cAMP (cyclic AMP)-dependent protein kinase, which mediates signalling though cAMP. cAMP signaling is important to a number of processes, including cell proliferaton and differentiation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| STAMBPL1 | STAM binding protein-like 1| |
| ZNF131 | zinc finger protein 131| |
| PSMB5 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, beta type, 5|The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered ring-shaped 20S core structure. The core structure is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes a member of the proteasome B-type family, also known as the T1B family, that is a 20S core beta subunit in the proteasome. This catalytic subunit is not present in the immunoproteasome and is replaced by catalytic subunit 3i (proteasome beta 8 subunit). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| PSMB4 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, beta type, 4|The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered ring-shaped 20S core structure. The core structure is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes a member of the proteasome B-type family, also known as the T1B family, that is a 20S core beta subunit. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF134 | zinc finger protein 134| |
| ZNF135 | zinc finger protein 135| |
| ZNF136 | zinc finger protein 136| |
| PFKFB2 | 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is involved in both the synthesis and degradation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, a regulatory molecule that controls glycolysis in eukaryotes. The encoded protein has a 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase activity that catalyzes the synthesis of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, and a fructose-2,6-biphosphatase activity that catalyzes the degradation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate. This protein regulates fructose-2,6-bisphosphate levels in the heart, while a related enzyme encoded by a different gene regulates fructose-2,6-bisphosphate levels in the liver and muscle. This enzyme functions as a homodimer. Two transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HDHD1 | haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain containing 1|This gene encodes a member of the haloacid dehalogenase-like (HAD) hydrolase superfamily. The encoded protein has no known biological function. This gene has a pseudogene on chromosome 1. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| TMA7 | translation machinery associated 7 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| HDHD3 | haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain containing 3| |
| HDHD2 | haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain containing 2| |
| MANEA | mannosidase, endo-alpha|N-glycosylation of proteins is initiated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by the transfer of the preassembled oligosaccharide glucose-3-mannose-9-N-acetylglucosamine-2 from dolichyl pyrophosphate to acceptor sites on the target protein by an oligosaccharyltransferase complex. This core oligosaccharide is sequentially processed by several ER glycosidases and by an endomannosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.130), such as MANEA, in the Golgi. MANEA catalyzes the release of mono-, di-, and triglucosylmannose oligosaccharides by cleaving the alpha-1,2-mannosidic bond that links them to high-mannose glycans (Hamilton et al., 2005 [PubMed 15677381]).[supplied by OMIM, Sep 2008] |
| PPARGC1B | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 beta|The protein encoded by this gene stimulates the activity of several transcription factors and nuclear receptors, including estrogen receptor alpha, nuclear respiratory factor 1, and glucocorticoid receptor. The encoded protein may be involved in fat oxidation, non-oxidative glucose metabolism, and the regulation of energy expenditure. This protein is downregulated in prediabetic and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Certain allelic variations in this gene increase the risk of the development of obesity. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| TDGF1 | teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1|This gene encodes an epidermal growth factor-related protein that contains a cripto, FRL-1, and cryptic domain. The encoded protein is an extracellular, membrane-bound signaling protein that plays an essential role in embryonic development and tumor growth. Mutations in this gene are associated with forebrain defects. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 2, 3, 6, 8, 19 and X. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| FAM69B | family with sequence similarity 69, member B|This gene encodes a member of the FAM69 family of cysteine-rich type II transmembrane proteins. These proteins localize to the endoplasmic reticulum but their specific functions are unknown. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| NOP16 | NOP16 nucleolar protein|NOP16 is transcriptionally regulated by c-Myc (MYC; MIM 190080), upregulated in breast cancer, and overexpression is associated with poor patient survival (Butt et al., 2008).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009] |
| RMI1 | RecQ mediated genome instability 1|RMI1 is a component of protein complexes that limit DNA crossover formation via the dissolution of double Holliday junctions (Raynard et al., 2006 [PubMed 16595695]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CORO6 | coronin 6| |
| MBL2 | mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2, soluble|This gene encodes the soluble mannose-binding lectin or mannose-binding protein found in serum. The protein encoded belongs to the collectin family and is an important element in the innate immune system. The protein recognizes mannose and N-acetylglucosamine on many microorganisms, and is capable of activating the classical complement pathway. Deficiencies of this gene have been associated with susceptibility to autoimmune and infectious diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TCEB3C | transcription elongation factor B polypeptide 3C (elongin A3)|The SIII (or elongin) transcription elongation factor complex stimulates the rate of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II by suppressing the transient pausing of the polymerase at many sites along the DNA template. This complex is a heterotrimer, composed of the transcriptionally active subunit A, A2 or A3 (or elongin A, A2 or A3) and two regulatory subunits, B and C (or elongin B and C). This gene encodes subunit A3. A3 and A are ubiquitously expressed, whereas A2 is specifically expressed in the testis. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| TCEB3B | transcription elongation factor B polypeptide 3B (elongin A2)|This gene encodes the transcriptionally active subunit of the SIII (or elongin) transcription elongation factor complex, which also includes two regulatory subunits, elongins B and C. This complex acts to increase the rate of RNA chain elongation by RNA polymerase II by suppressing transient pausing of the polymerase at many sites along the DNA template. Whereas a related protein with similar function, elongin A, is ubiquitously expressed, the encoded protein is specifically expressed in the testis, suggesting it may have a role in spermatogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNK9 | potassium channel, two pore domain subfamily K, member 9|This gene encodes a protein that contains multiple transmembrane regions and two pore-forming P domains and functions as a pH-dependent potassium channel. Amplification and overexpression of this gene have been observed in several types of human carcinomas. This gene is imprinted in the brain, with preferential expression from the maternal allele. A mutation in this gene was associated with Birk-Barel mental retardation dysmorphism syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| KCNK4 | potassium channel, two pore domain subfamily K, member 4|Potassium channels play a role in many cellular processes including maintenance of the action potential, muscle contraction, hormone secretion, osmotic regulation, and ion flow. This gene encodes one of the members of the superfamily of potassium channel proteins containing two pore-forming P domains. The encoded protein homodimerizes and functions as an outwardly rectifying channel. It is expressed primarily in neural tissues and is stimulated by membrane stretch and polyunsaturated fatty acids. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNK5 | potassium channel, two pore domain subfamily K, member 5|This gene encodes one of the members of the superfamily of potassium channel proteins containing two pore-forming P domains. The message for this gene is mainly expressed in the cortical distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney. The protein is highly sensitive to external pH and this, in combination with its expression pattern, suggests it may play an important role in renal potassium transport. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRAT1 | T cell receptor associated transmembrane adaptor 1| |
| FAM155B | family with sequence similarity 155, member B|This gene encodes a product belonging to a family of proteins with unknown function. The presence of two transmembrane domains suggests that this protein is a multi-pass membrane protein. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| KCNK1 | potassium channel, two pore domain subfamily K, member 1|This gene encodes one of the members of the superfamily of potassium channel proteins containing two pore-forming P domains. The product of this gene has not been shown to be a functional channel, however, it may require other non-pore-forming proteins for activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MLH1 | mutL homolog 1|This gene was identified as a locus frequently mutated in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). It is a human homolog of the E. coli DNA mismatch repair gene mutL, consistent with the characteristic alterations in microsatellite sequences (RER+phenotype) found in HNPCC. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Additional transcript variants have been described, but their full-length natures have not been determined.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| PTGFRN | prostaglandin F2 receptor inhibitor| |
| SULT2A1 | sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 2A, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-preferring, member 1|This gene encodes a member of the sulfotransferase family. Sulfotransferases aid in the metabolism of drugs and endogenous compounds by converting these substances into more hydrophilic water-soluble sulfate conjugates that can be easily excreted. This protein catalyzes the sulfation of steroids and bile acids in the liver and adrenal glands, and may have a role in the inherited adrenal androgen excess in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| TRIML2 | tripartite motif family-like 2|This gene encodes a member of the tri-partite motif (TRIM) family of proteins. This protein may be regulated by the tumor suppressor p53 and may regulate p53 through the enhancement of p53 SUMOylation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| C9orf142 | chromosome 9 open reading frame 142| |
| TRIML1 | tripartite motif family-like 1| |
| NACC2 | NACC family member 2, BEN and BTB (POZ) domain containing| |
| VPS13D | vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog D (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the vacuolar-protein-sorting-13 gene family. In yeast, vacuolar-protein-sorting-13 proteins are involved in trafficking of membrane proteins between the trans-Golgi network and the prevacuolar compartment. While several transcript variants may exist for this gene, the full-length natures of only two have been described to date. These two represent the major variants of this gene and encode distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACOT13 | acyl-CoA thioesterase 13|This gene encodes a member of the thioesterase superfamily. In humans, the protein co-localizes with microtubules and is essential for sustained cell proliferation. The orthologous mouse protein forms a homotetramer and is associated with mitochondria. The mouse protein functions as a medium- and long-chain acyl-CoA thioesterase. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| VPS13A | vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog A (S. cerevisiae)|The protein encoded by this gene may control steps in the cycling of proteins through the trans-Golgi network to endosomes, lysosomes and the plasma membrane. Mutations in this gene cause the autosomal recessive disorder, chorea-acanthocytosis. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SH3KBP1 | SH3-domain kinase binding protein 1|This gene encodes an adapter protein that contains three N-terminal Src homology domains, a proline rich region and a C-terminal coiled-coil domain. The encoded protein facilitates protein-protein interactions and has been implicated in numerous cellular processes including apoptosis, cytoskeletal rearrangement, cell adhesion and in the regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| VPS13C | vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog C (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a member of the vacuolar protein sorting-associated 13 gene family. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| VPS13B | vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B (yeast)|This gene encodes a potential transmembrane protein that may function in vesicle-mediated transport and sorting of proteins within the cell. This protein may play a role in the development and the function of the eye, hematological system, and central nervous system. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Cohen syndrome. Multiple splice variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AKAP7 | A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 7|This gene encodes a member of the A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) family, a group of functionally related proteins that bind to a regulatory subunit (RII) of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and target the enzyme to specific subcellular compartments. AKAPs have a common RII-binding domain, but contain different targeting motifs responsible for directing PKA to distinct intracellular locations. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011] |
| BEX4 | brain expressed, X-linked 4|This gene is a member of the brain expressed X-linked gene family. The proteins encoded by some of the other members of this family act as transcription elongation factors which allow RNA polymerase II to escape pausing during elongation. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| BEX2 | brain expressed X-linked 2|This gene belongs to the brain expressed X-linked gene family. The encoded protein interacts with the transcription factor LIM domain only 2 in a DNA-binding complex that recognizes the E-box element and promotes transcription. This gene has been found to be a tumor suppressor that is silenced in human glioma. In breast cancer cells, this gene product modulates apoptosis in response to estrogen and tamoxifen, and enhances the anti-proliferative effect of tamoxifen. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| KIAA0556 | KIAA0556| |
| SCAF11 | SR-related CTD-associated factor 11| |
| NUP160 | nucleoporin 160kDa|NUP160 is 1 of up to 60 proteins that make up the 120-MD nuclear pore complex, which mediates nucleoplasmic transport.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| ELTD1 | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L4| |
| N4BP3 | NEDD4 binding protein 3| |
| GFRA2 | GDNF family receptor alpha 2|Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin (NTN) are two structurally related, potent neurotrophic factors that play key roles in the control of neuron survival and differentiation. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the GDNF receptor family. It is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol(GPI)-linked cell surface receptor for both GDNF and NTN, and mediates activation of the RET tyrosine kinase receptor. This encoded protein acts preferentially as a receptor for NTN compared to its other family member, GDNF family receptor alpha 1. This gene is a candidate gene for RET-associated diseases. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| CRYM | crystallin, mu|Crystallins are separated into two classes: taxon-specific and ubiquitous. The former class is also called phylogenetically-restricted crystallins. The latter class constitutes the major proteins of vertebrate eye lens and maintains the transparency and refractive index of the lens. This gene encodes a taxon-specific crystallin protein that binds NADPH and has sequence similarity to bacterial ornithine cyclodeaminases. The encoded protein does not perform a structural role in lens tissue, and instead it binds thyroid hormone for possible regulatory or developmental roles. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal dominant non-syndromic deafness. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| TMEM165 | transmembrane protein 165|This gene encodes a predicted transmembrane protein with a perinuclear Golgi-like distribution in fibroblasts. Mutations in this gene are associated with the autosomal recessive disorder congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIk. Knockdown of this gene's expression causes decreased sialylation in HEK cells and suggests this gene plays a role in terminal Golgi glycosylation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| TMEM164 | transmembrane protein 164| |
| TMEM169 | transmembrane protein 169| |
| TMEM168 | transmembrane protein 168| |
| FOXN2 | forkhead box N2|This gene encodes a forkhead domain binding protein and may function in the transcriptional regulation of the human T-cell leukemia virus long terminal repeat. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FOXN3 | forkhead box N3|This gene is a member of the forkhead/winged helix transcription factor family. Checkpoints are eukaryotic DNA damage-inducible cell cycle arrests at G1 and G2. Checkpoint suppressor 1 suppresses multiple yeast checkpoint mutations including mec1, rad9, rad53 and dun1 by activating a MEC1-independent checkpoint pathway. Alternative splicing is observed at the locus, resulting in distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EIF3K | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit K|The 700-kD eukaryotic translation initiation factor-3 (eIF3) is the largest eIF and contains at least 12 subunits, including EIF2S12. eIF3 plays an essential role in translation by binding directly to the 40S ribosomal subunit and promoting formation of the 40S preinitiation complex (Mayeur et al., 2003 [PubMed 14519125]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PMVK | phosphomevalonate kinase|This gene encodes a peroxisomal enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of mevalonate 5-phosphate into mevalonate 5-diphosphate, the fifth reaction of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. Studies in rat show that the message level and the enzyme activity of this protein is regulated by sterol, and that this regulation is coordinated with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| BBC3 | BCL2 binding component 3|This gene encodes a member of the BCL-2 family of proteins. This family member belongs to the BH3-only pro-apoptotic subclass. The protein cooperates with direct activator proteins to induce mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and apoptosis. It can bind to anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation. Because of its pro-apoptotic role, this gene is a potential drug target for cancer therapy and for tissue injury. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| VWDE | von Willebrand factor D and EGF domains| |
| SLC6A2 | solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 2|This gene encodes a member of the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter family. This member is a multi-pass membrane protein, which is responsible for reuptake of norepinephrine into presynaptic nerve terminals and is a regulator of norepinephrine homeostasis. Mutations in this gene cause orthostatic intolerance, a syndrome characterized by lightheadedness, fatigue, altered mentation and syncope. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified in this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| GNA14 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha 14|This gene encodes a member of the guanine nucleotide-binding, or G protein family. G proteins are heterotrimers consisting of alpha, beta and gamma subunits. The encoded protein is a member of the alpha family of G proteins, more specifically the alpha q subfamily of G proteins. The encoded protein may play a role in pertussis-toxin resistant activation of phospholipase C-beta and its downstream effectors.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| GRIN2A | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2A|This gene encodes a member of the glutamate-gated ion channel protein family. The encoded protein is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit. NMDA receptors are both ligand-gated and voltage-dependent, and are involved in long-term potentiation, an activity-dependent increase in the efficiency of synaptic transmission thought to underlie certain kinds of memory and learning. These receptors are permeable to calcium ions, and activation results in a calcium influx into post-synaptic cells, which results in the activation of several signaling cascades. Disruption of this gene is associated with focal epilepsy and speech disorder with or without mental retardation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| GNA12 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein) alpha 12| |
| KLHDC8B | kelch domain containing 8B|This gene encodes a protein which forms a distinct beta-propeller protein structure of kelch domains allowing for protein-protein interactions. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Hodgkin lymphoma. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| KLHDC8A | kelch domain containing 8A|This gene encodes a kelch domain-containing protein which is upregulated in cancer. Upregulated expression of the encoded protein may provide an alternative pathway for tumors to maintain aggressiveness in the absence of epidermal growth factor receptor dependence. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| GNA11 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha 11 (Gq class)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which function as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. G proteins are composed of 3 units: alpha, beta and gamma. This gene encodes one of the alpha subunits (subunit alpha-11). Mutations in this gene have been associated with hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type II (HHC2) and hypocalcemia dominant 2 (HYPOC2). Patients with HHC2 and HYPOC2 exhibit decreased or increased sensitivity, respectively, to changes in extracellular calcium concentrations. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| IL3RA | interleukin 3 receptor, alpha (low affinity)|The protein encoded by this gene is an interleukin 3 specific subunit of a heterodimeric cytokine receptor. The receptor is comprised of a ligand specific alpha subunit and a signal transducing beta subunit shared by the receptors for interleukin 3 (IL3), colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2/GM-CSF), and interleukin 5 (IL5). The binding of this protein to IL3 depends on the beta subunit. The beta subunit is activated by the ligand binding, and is required for the biological activities of IL3. This gene and the gene encoding the colony stimulating factor 2 receptor alpha chain (CSF2RA) form a cytokine receptor gene cluster in a X-Y pseudoautosomal region on chromosomes X or Y. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| NOL8 | nucleolar protein 8|NOL8 binds Ras-related GTP-binding proteins (see MIM 608267) and plays a role in cell growth (Sekiguchi et al., 2004 [PubMed 14660641]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| IFFO1 | intermediate filament family orphan 1|This gene is a member of the intermediate filament family. Intermediate filaments are proteins which are primordial components of the cytoskeleton and nuclear envelope. The proteins encoded by the members of this gene family are evolutionarily and structurally related but have limited sequence homology, with the exception of the central rod domain. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| TAP2 | transporter 2, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP)|The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MDR/TAP subfamily. Members of the MDR/TAP subfamily are involved in multidrug resistance. This gene is located 7 kb telomeric to gene family member ABCB2. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in antigen presentation. This protein forms a heterodimer with ABCB2 in order to transport peptides from the cytoplasm to the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutations in this gene may be associated with ankylosing spondylitis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and celiac disease. Alternative splicing of this gene produces products which differ in peptide selectivity and level of restoration of surface expression of MHC class I molecules. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| PRKAR1B | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, beta|Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) is an essential enzyme in the signaling pathway of the second messenger cAMP. Through phosphorylation of target proteins, PKA controls many biochemical events in the cell including regulation of metabolism, ion transport, and gene transcription. The PKA holoenzyme is composed of 2 regulatory and 2 catalytic subunits and dissociates from the regulatory subunits upon binding of cAMP.[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009] |
| MFGE8 | milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 protein| |
| KLK10 | kallikrein-related peptidase 10|Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. Its encoded protein is secreted and may play a role in suppression of tumorigenesis in breast and prostate cancers. Alternate splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SH2B1 | SH2B adaptor protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the SH2-domain containing mediators family. The encoded protein mediates activation of various kinases and may function in cytokine and growth factor receptor signaling and cellular transformation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| IL6ST | interleukin 6 signal transducer|The protein encoded by this gene is a signal transducer shared by many cytokines, including interleukin 6 (IL6), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and oncostatin M (OSM). This protein functions as a part of the cytokine receptor complex. The activation of this protein is dependent upon the binding of cytokines to their receptors. vIL6, a protein related to IL6 and encoded by the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, can bypass the interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R) and directly activate this protein. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this gene plays a critical role in regulating myocyte apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| SNAP91 | synaptosomal-associated protein, 91kDa| |
| SBF2 | SET binding factor 2|This gene encodes a pseudophosphatase and member of the myotubularin-related protein family. This gene maps within the CMT4B2 candidate region of chromosome 11p15 and mutations in this gene have been associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, type 4B2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SAR1A | secretion associated, Ras related GTPase 1A| |
| DBN1 | drebrin 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytoplasmic actin-binding protein thought to play a role in the process of neuronal growth. It is a member of the drebrin family of proteins that are developmentally regulated in the brain. A decrease in the amount of this protein in the brain has been implicated as a possible contributing factor in the pathogenesis of memory disturbance in Alzheimer's disease. At least two alternative splice variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NOL7 | nucleolar protein 7, 27kDa| |
| ACTG1 | actin gamma 1|Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility, and maintenance of the cytoskeleton. In vertebrates, three main groups of actin isoforms, alpha, beta and gamma have been identified. The alpha actins are found in muscle tissues and are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. The beta and gamma actins co-exist in most cell types as components of the cytoskeleton, and as mediators of internal cell motility. Actin, gamma 1, encoded by this gene, is a cytoplasmic actin found in non-muscle cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with DFNA20/26, a subtype of autosomal dominant non-syndromic sensorineural progressive hearing loss. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| OGDH | oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) dehydrogenase (lipoamide)|This gene encodes one subunit of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. This complex catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) to succinyl-CoA and CO(2) during the Krebs cycle. The protein is located in the mitochondrial matrix and uses thiamine pyrophosphate as a cofactor. A congenital deficiency in 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase activity is believed to lead to hypotonia, metabolic acidosis, and hyperlactatemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| ACTG2 | actin, gamma 2, smooth muscle, enteric|Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and in the maintenance of the cytoskeleton. Three types of actins, alpha, beta and gamma, have been identified in vertebrates. Alpha actins are found in muscle tissues and are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. The beta and gamma actins co-exist in most cell types as components of the cytoskeleton and as mediators of internal cell motility. This gene encodes actin gamma 2; a smooth muscle actin found in enteric tissues. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Based on similarity to peptide cleavage of related actins, the mature protein of this gene is formed by removal of two N-terminal peptides.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| CDC73 | cell division cycle 73|This gene encodes a tumor suppressor that is involved in transcriptional and post-transcriptional control pathways. The protein is a component of the the PAF protein complex, which associates with the RNA polymerase II subunit POLR2A and with a histone methyltransferase complex. This protein appears to facilitate the association of 3' mRNA processing factors with actively-transcribed chromatin. Mutations in this gene have been linked to hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome, familial isolated hyperparathyroidism, and parathyroid carcinoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| C11orf31 | chromosome 11 open reading frame 31|This gene encodes a selenoprotein, which contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue at its active site. The selenocysteine is encoded by the UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTR of selenoprotein genes have a common stem-loop structure, the sec insertion sequence (SECIS), that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. The exact function of this gene is not known, however, selenoproteins are thought to be responsible for most biomedical effects of dietary selenium. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NACC1 | nucleus accumbens associated 1, BEN and BTB (POZ) domain containing|This gene encodes a member of the BTB/POZ protein family. BTB/POZ proteins are involved in several cellular processes including proliferation, apoptosis and transcription regulation. The encoded protein is a transcriptional repressor that plays a role in stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency maintenance. The encoded protein also suppresses transcription of the candidate tumor suppressor Gadd45GIP1, and expression of this gene may play a role in the progression of multiple types of cancer. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 9. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| R3HDM1 | R3H domain containing 1| |
| OLIG3 | oligodendrocyte transcription factor 3| |
| SEMG1 | semenogelin I|The protein encoded by this gene is the predominant protein in semen. The encoded secreted protein is involved in the formation of a gel matrix that encases ejaculated spermatozoa. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) protease processes this protein into smaller peptides, with each possibly having a separate function. The proteolysis process breaks down the gel matrix and allows the spermatozoa to move more freely. The antimicrobial peptide SgI-29 is an antimicrobial peptide with antibacterial activity. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| SEMG2 | semenogelin II|The secreted protein encoded by this gene is involved in the formation of a gel matrix that encases ejaculated spermatozoa. Proteolysis by the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) breaks down the gel matrix and allows the spermatozoa to move more freely. The encoded protein is found in lesser abundance than a similar semenogelin protein. An antibacterial activity has been found for a antimicrobial peptide isolated from this protein. The genes encoding these two semenogelin proteins are found in a cluster on chromosome 20. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| EN2 | engrailed homeobox 2|Homeobox-containing genes are thought to have a role in controlling development. In Drosophila, the 'engrailed' (en) gene plays an important role during development in segmentation, where it is required for the formation of posterior compartments. Different mutations in the mouse homologs, En1 and En2, produced different developmental defects that frequently are lethal. The human engrailed homologs 1 and 2 encode homeodomain-containing proteins and have been implicated in the control of pattern formation during development of the central nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LMBRD2 | LMBR1 domain containing 2| |
| LMBRD1 | LMBR1 domain containing 1|This gene encodes a lysosomal membrane protein that may be involved in the transport and metabolism of cobalamin. This protein also interacts with the large form of the hepatitis delta antigen and may be required for the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the hepatitis delta virus. Mutations in this gene are associated with the vitamin B12 metabolism disorder termed, homocystinuria-megaloblastic anemia complementation type F.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| C19orf10 | myeloid-derived growth factor|The protein encoded by this gene was previously thought to support proliferation of lymphoid cells and was considered an interleukin. However, this activity has not been reproducible and the function of this protein is currently unknown. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DAZL | deleted in azoospermia-like|The DAZ (Deleted in AZoospermia) gene family encodes potential RNA binding proteins that are expressed in prenatal and postnatal germ cells of males and females. The protein encoded by this gene is localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm of fetal germ cells and to the cytoplasm of developing oocytes. In the testis, this protein is localized to the nucleus of spermatogonia but relocates to the cytoplasm during meiosis where it persists in spermatids and spermatozoa. Transposition and amplification of this autosomal gene during primate evolution gave rise to the DAZ gene cluster on the Y chromosome. Mutations in this gene have been linked to severe spermatogenic failure and infertility in males. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| DAZ3 | deleted in azoospermia 3|This gene is a member of the DAZ gene family and is a candidate for the human Y-chromosomal azoospermia factor (AZF). Its expression is restricted to premeiotic germ cells, particularly in spermatogonia. It encodes an RNA-binding protein that is important for spermatogenesis. Four copies of this gene are found on chromosome Y within palindromic duplications; one pair of genes is part of the P2 palindrome and the second pair is part of the P1 palindrome. Each gene contains a 2.4 kb repeat including a 72-bp exon, called the DAZ repeat; the number of DAZ repeats is variable and there are several variations in the sequence of the DAZ repeat. Each copy of the gene also contains a 10.8 kb region that may be amplified; this region includes five exons that encode an RNA recognition motif (RRM) domain. This gene contains one copy of the 10.8 kb repeat. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DAZ2 | deleted in azoospermia 2|This gene is a member of the DAZ gene family and is a candidate for the human Y-chromosomal azoospermia factor (AZF). Its expression is restricted to premeiotic germ cells, particularly in spermatogonia. It encodes an RNA-binding protein that is important for spermatogenesis. Four copies of this gene are found on chromosome Y within palindromic duplications; one pair of genes is part of the P2 palindrome and the second pair is part of the P1 palindrome. Each gene contains a 2.4 kb repeat including a 72-bp exon, called the DAZ repeat; the number of DAZ repeats is variable and there are several variations in the sequence of the DAZ repeat. Each copy of the gene also contains a 10.8 kb region that may be amplified; this region includes five exons that encode an RNA recognition motif (RRM) domain. This gene contains one copy of the 10.8 kb repeat. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DAZ1 | deleted in azoospermia 1|This gene is a member of the DAZ gene family and is a candidate for the human Y-chromosomal azoospermia factor (AZF). Its expression is restricted to premeiotic germ cells, particularly in spermatogonia. It encodes an RNA-binding protein that is important for spermatogenesis. Four copies of this gene are found on chromosome Y within palindromic duplications; one pair of genes is part of the P2 palindrome and the second pair is part of the P1 palindrome. Each gene contains a 2.4 kb repeat including a 72-bp exon, called the DAZ repeat; the number of DAZ repeats is variable and there are several variations in the sequence of the DAZ repeat. Each copy of the gene also contains a 10.8 kb region that may be amplified; this region includes five exons that encode an RNA recognition motif (RRM) domain. This gene contains three copies of the 10.8 kb repeat. However, no transcripts containing three copies of the RRM domain have been described; thus the RefSeq for this gene contains only two RRM domains. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DAZ4 | deleted in azoospermia 4|This gene is a member of the DAZ gene family and is a candidate for the human Y-chromosomal azoospermia factor (AZF). Its expression is restricted to premeiotic germ cells, particularly in spermatogonia. It encodes an RNA-binding protein that is important for spermatogenesis. Four copies of this gene are found on chromosome Y within palindromic duplications; one pair of genes is part of the P2 palindrome and the second pair is part of the P1 palindrome. Each gene contains a 2.4 kb repeat including a 72-bp exon, called the DAZ repeat; the number of DAZ repeats is variable and there are several variations in the sequence of the DAZ repeat. Each copy of the gene also contains a 10.8 kb region that may be amplified; this region includes five exons that encode an RNA recognition motif (RRM) domain. This gene contains two copies of the 10.8 kb repeat. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| SRFBP1 | serum response factor binding protein 1| |
| R3HDM2 | R3H domain containing 2| |
| BCAT2 | branched chain amino-acid transaminase 2, mitochondrial|This gene encodes a branched chain aminotransferase found in mitochondria. The encoded protein forms a dimer that catalyzes the first step in the production of the branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| BCAT1 | branched chain amino-acid transaminase 1, cytosolic|This gene encodes the cytosolic form of the enzyme branched-chain amino acid transaminase. This enzyme catalyzes the reversible transamination of branched-chain alpha-keto acids to branched-chain L-amino acids essential for cell growth. Two different clinical disorders have been attributed to a defect of branched-chain amino acid transamination: hypervalinemia and hyperleucine-isoleucinemia. As there is also a gene encoding a mitochondrial form of this enzyme, mutations in either gene may contribute to these disorders. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| TAS2R13 | taste receptor, type 2, member 13|This gene product belongs to the family of candidate taste receptors that are members of the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily. These proteins are specifically expressed in the taste receptor cells of the tongue and palate epithelia. They are organized in the genome in clusters and are genetically linked to loci that influence bitter perception in mice and humans. In functional expression studies, they respond to bitter tastants. This gene maps to the taste receptor gene cluster on chromosome 12p13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM9B | TMEM9 domain family, member B| |
| AAED1 | AhpC/TSA antioxidant enzyme domain containing 1| |
| MACROD2 | MACRO domain containing 2| |
| MACROD1 | MACRO domain containing 1| |
| ZBTB33 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 33|This gene encodes a transcriptional regulator with bimodal DNA-binding specificity, which binds to methylated CGCG and also to the non-methylated consensus KAISO-binding site TCCTGCNA. The protein contains an N-terminal POZ/BTB domain and 3 C-terminal zinc finger motifs. It recruits the N-CoR repressor complex to promote histone deacetylation and the formation of repressive chromatin structures in target gene promoters. It may contribute to the repression of target genes of the Wnt signaling pathway, and may also activate transcription of a subset of target genes by the recruitment of catenin delta-2 (CTNND2). Its interaction with catenin delta-1 (CTNND1) inhibits binding to both methylated and non-methylated DNA. It also interacts directly with the nuclear import receptor Importin-α2 (also known as karyopherin alpha2 or RAG cohort 1), which may mediate nuclear import of this protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| AKAP4 | A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 4|The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. This gene encodes a member of the AKAP family. The encoded protein is localized to the sperm flagellum and may be involved in the regulation of sperm motility. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AKAP5 | A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 5|The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. This gene encodes a member of the AKAP family. The encoded protein binds to the RII-beta regulatory subunit of PKA, and also to protein kinase C and the phosphatase calcineurin. It is predominantly expressed in cerebral cortex and may anchor the PKA protein at postsynaptic densities (PSD) and be involved in the regulation of postsynaptic events. It is also expressed in T lymphocytes and may function to inhibit interleukin-2 transcription by disrupting calcineurin-dependent dephosphorylation of NFAT. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AKAP6 | A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 6|The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. This gene encodes a member of the AKAP family. The encoded protein is highly expressed in various brain regions and cardiac and skeletal muscle. It is specifically localized to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membrane, and is involved in anchoring PKA to the nuclear membrane or sarcoplasmic reticulum. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GBA3 | glucosidase, beta, acid 3 (gene/pseudogene)|The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme that can hydrolyze several types of glycosides. This gene is a polymorphic pseudogene, with the most common allele being the functional allele that encodes the full-length protein. Some individuals, as represented by the reference genome allele, contain a single nucleotide polymorphism that results in a premature stop codon in the coding region, and therefore this allele is pseudogenic due to the failure to produce a functional full-length protein. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| DBNL | drebrin-like| |
| AKAP1 | A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 1|The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. This gene encodes a member of the AKAP family. The encoded protein binds to type I and type II regulatory subunits of PKA and anchors them to the mitochondrion. This protein is speculated to be involved in the cAMP-dependent signal transduction pathway and in directing RNA to a specific cellular compartment. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AKAP2 | A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene binds to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A and is found associated with the actin cytoskeleton. The encoded protein mediates signals carried by cAMP and may be involved in creating polarity in certain signaling processes. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| PPIL1 | peptidylprolyl isomerase (cyclophilin)-like 1|This gene is a member of the cyclophilin family of peptidylprolyl isomerases (PPIases). The cyclophilins are a highly conserved, ubiquitous family, members of which play an important role in protein folding, immunosuppression by cyclosporin A, and infection of HIV-1 virions. Based on similarity to other PPIases, this protein could accelerate the folding of proteins and might catalyze the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EIF2D | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2D|This gene encodes a translation initiation factor involved in the recruitment and delivery of aminoacyl-tRNAs to the P-site of the eukaryotic ribosome in a GTP-independent manner. This gene was previously referred to as ligatin, but is now known to localize to the cytoplasm and localize and function with translation factors. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| AKAP8 | A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 8|This gene encodes a member of the A-kinase anchor protein family. A-kinase anchor proteins are scaffold proteins that contain a binding domain for the RI/RII subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and recruit PKA and other signaling molecules to specific subcellular locations. This gene encodes a nuclear A-kinase anchor protein that binds to the RII alpha subunit of PKA and may play a role in chromosome condensation during mitosis by targeting PKA and the condensin complex to chromatin. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 9. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| TPI1 | triosephosphate isomerase 1|This gene encodes an enzyme, consisting of two identical proteins, which catalyzes the isomerization of glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate (G3P) and dihydroxy-acetone phosphate (DHAP) in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Mutations in this gene are associated with triosephosphate isomerase deficiency. Pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 1, 4, 6 and 7. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| EIF2A | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A, 65kDa|EIF2A is a 65-kD protein that catalyzes the formation of puromycin-sensitive 80S preinitiation complexes (Zoll et al., 2002 [PubMed 12133843]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CADPS2 | Ca++-dependent secretion activator 2|This gene encodes a member of the calcium-dependent activator of secretion (CAPS) protein family, which are calcium binding proteins that regulate the exocytosis of synaptic and dense-core vesicles in neurons and neuroendocrine cells. Mutations in this gene may contribute to autism susceptibility. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| PSTK | phosphoseryl-tRNA kinase| |
| KBTBD7 | kelch repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 7| |
| TUBE1 | tubulin, epsilon 1|This gene encodes a member of the tubulin superfamily. This protein localizes to the centriolar sub-distal appendages that are associated with the older of the two centrioles after centrosome duplication. This protein plays a central role in organization of the microtubules during centriole duplication. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 5.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| PHPT1 | phosphohistidine phosphatase 1|This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible dephosphorylation of histidine residues in proteins. It may be involved in the dephosphorylation of G-beta and ATP citrate lyase and in negatively regulating CD4 T lymphocytes by dephosphorylation and inhibition of KCa3.1 channels. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| SPATA13 | spermatogenesis associated 13| |
| RLF | rearranged L-myc fusion| |
| NFU1 | NFU1 iron-sulfur cluster scaffold|This gene encodes a protein that is localized to mitochondria and plays a critical role in iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis. The encoded protein assembles and transfers 4Fe-4S clusters to target apoproteins including succinate dehydrogenase and lipoic acid synthase. Mutations in this gene are a cause of multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome-1, and pseudogenes of this gene are located on the short arms of chromosomes 1 and 3. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| ODF2 | outer dense fiber of sperm tails 2|The outer dense fibers are cytoskeletal structures that surround the axoneme in the middle piece and principal piece of the sperm tail. The fibers function in maintaining the elastic structure and recoil of the sperm tail as well as in protecting the tail from shear forces during epididymal transport and ejaculation. Defects in the outer dense fibers lead to abnormal sperm morphology and infertility. This gene encodes one of the major outer dense fiber proteins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. The longer transcripts, also known as 'Cenexins', encode proteins with a C-terminal extension that are differentially targeted to somatic centrioles and thought to be crucial for the formation of microtubule organizing centers. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| RRP1B | ribosomal RNA processing 1B| |
| NOVA1 | neuro-oncological ventral antigen 1|This gene encodes a neuron-specific RNA-binding protein, a member of the Nova family of paraneoplastic disease antigens, that is recognized and inhibited by paraneoplastic antibodies. These antibodies are found in the sera of patients with paraneoplastic opsoclonus-ataxia, breast cancer, and small cell lung cancer. Alternatively spliced transcripts encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM98 | transmembrane protein 98|This gene encodes a transmembrane protein. A missense mutation in this gene result in Nanophthalmos 4 (NNO4). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| HSP90B1 | heat shock protein 90kDa beta (Grp94), member 1|This gene encodes a member of a family of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-metabolizing molecular chaperones with roles in stabilizing and folding other proteins. The encoded protein is localized to melanosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum. Expression of this protein is associated with a variety of pathogenic states, including tumor formation. There is a microRNA gene located within the 5' exon of this gene. There are pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes 1 and 15. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| MCF2L | MCF.2 cell line derived transforming sequence-like| |
| SMC1B | structural maintenance of chromosomes 1B|SMC1L2 belongs to a family of proteins required for chromatid cohesion and DNA recombination during meiosis and mitosis (3:Revenkova et al., 2001 [PubMed 11564881]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| KRR1 | KRR1, small subunit (SSU) processome component, homolog (yeast)| |
| TMEM132D | transmembrane protein 132D| |
| TMEM132A | transmembrane protein 132A|This gene encodes a protein that is highly similar to the rat Grp78-binding protein (GBP). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM132C | transmembrane protein 132C| |
| OVGP1 | oviductal glycoprotein 1, 120kDa|This gene encodes a large, carbohydrate-rich, epithelial glycoprotein with numerous O-glycosylation sites located within threonine, serine, and proline-rich tandem repeats. The gene is similar to members of the mucin and the glycosyl hydrolase 18 gene families. Regulation of expression may be estrogen-dependent. Gene expression and protein secretion occur during late follicular development through early cleavage-stage embryonic development. The protein is secreted from non-ciliated oviductal epithelial cells and associates with ovulated oocytes, blastomeres, and spermatozoan acrosomal regions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KLHL31 | kelch-like family member 31| |
| CETN3 | centrin, EF-hand protein, 3|The protein encoded by this gene contains four EF-hand calcium binding domains, and is a member of the centrin protein family. Centrins are evolutionarily conserved proteins similar to the CDC31 protein of S. cerevisiae. Yeast CDC31 is located at the centrosome of interphase and mitotic cells, where it plays a fundamental role in centrosome duplication and separation. Multiple forms of the proteins similar to the yeast centrin have been identified in human and other mammalian cells, some of which have been shown to be associated with centrosome fractions. This protein appears to be one of the most abundant centrins associated with centrosome, which suggests a similar function to its yeast counterpart. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| CETN2 | centrin, EF-hand protein, 2|Caltractin belongs to a family of calcium-binding proteins and is a structural component of the centrosome. The high level of conservation from algae to humans and its association with the centrosome suggested that caltractin plays a fundamental role in the structure and function of the microtubule-organizing center, possibly required for the proper duplication and segregation of the centrosome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NAIF1 | nuclear apoptosis inducing factor 1| |
| CCL28 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28|This antimicrobial gene belongs to the subfamily of small cytokine CC genes. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for resting CD4 or CD8 T cells and eosinophils. The product of this gene binds to chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR10. This chemokine may play a role in the physiology of extracutaneous epithelial tissues, including diverse mucosal organs. Multiple transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| FAM92A1 | family with sequence similarity 92, member A1| |
| DIO2 | deiodinase, iodothyronine, type II|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the iodothyronine deiodinase family. It activates thyroid hormone by converting the prohormone thyroxine (T4) by outer ring deiodination (ORD) to bioactive 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3). It is highly expressed in the thyroid, and may contribute significantly to the relative increase in thyroidal T3 production in patients with Graves disease and thyroid adenomas. This protein contains selenocysteine (Sec) residues encoded by the UGA codon, which normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTR of Sec-containing genes have a common stem-loop structure, the sec insertion sequence (SECIS), which is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DIO3 | deiodinase, iodothyronine, type III|The protein encoded by this intronless gene belongs to the iodothyronine deiodinase family. It catalyzes the inactivation of thyroid hormone by inner ring deiodination of the prohormone thyroxine (T4) and the bioactive hormone 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) to inactive metabolites, 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (RT3) and 3,3'-diiodothyronine (T2), respectively. This enzyme is highly expressed in the pregnant uterus, placenta, fetal and neonatal tissues, suggesting that it plays an essential role in the regulation of thyroid hormone inactivation during embryological development. This protein contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue, which is essential for efficient enzyme activity. The selenocysteine is encoded by the UGA codon, which normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTR of Sec-containing genes have a common stem-loop structure, the sec insertion sequence (SECIS), which is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCL21 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21|This antimicrobial gene is one of several CC cytokine genes clustered on the p-arm of chromosome 9. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. Similar to other chemokines the protein encoded by this gene inhibits hemopoiesis and stimulates chemotaxis. This protein is chemotactic in vitro for thymocytes and activated T cells, but not for B cells, macrophages, or neutrophils. The cytokine encoded by this gene may also play a role in mediating homing of lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid organs. It is a high affinity functional ligand for chemokine receptor 7 that is expressed on T and B lymphocytes and a known receptor for another member of the cytokine family (small inducible cytokine A19). [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| CCL20 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20|This antimicrobial gene belongs to the subfamily of small cytokine CC genes. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The protein encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for lymphocytes and can repress proliferation of myeloid progenitors. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| CCL23 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 23|This gene is one of several chemokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines form a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of the N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine, a member of the CC subfamily, displays chemotactic activity on resting T lymphocytes and monocytes, lower activity on neutrophils and no activity on activated T lymphocytes. The protein is also a strong suppressor of colony formation by a multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cell line. In addition, the product of this gene is a potent agonist of the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| CCL22 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22|This antimicrobial gene is one of several Cys-Cys (CC) cytokine genes clustered on the q arm of chromosome 16. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for monocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cells and for chronically activated T lymphocytes. It also displays a mild activity for primary activated T lymphocytes and has no chemoattractant activity for neutrophils, eosinophils and resting T lymphocytes. The product of this gene binds to chemokine receptor CCR4. This chemokine may play a role in the trafficking of activated T lymphocytes to inflammatory sites and other aspects of activated T lymphocyte physiology. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| OR5T1 | olfactory receptor, family 5, subfamily T, member 1|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HSD17B10 | hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 10|This gene encodes 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type II, a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily. The gene product is a mitochondrial protein that catalyzes the oxidation of a wide variety of fatty acids and steroids, and is a subunit of mitochondrial ribonuclease P, which is involved in tRNA maturation. The protein has been implicated in the development of Alzheimer disease, and mutations in the gene are the cause of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (HSD10) deficiency. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified, but the full-length nature of only two transcript variants has been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014] |
| CCL27 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 27|This gene is one of several CC cytokine genes clustered on the p-arm of chromosome 9. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The protein encoded by this gene is chemotactic for skin-associated memory T lymphocytes. This cytokine may also play a role in mediating homing of lymphocytes to cutaneous sites. It specifically binds to chemokine receptor 10 (CCR10). Studies of a similar murine protein indicate that these protein-receptor interactions have a pivotal role in T cell-mediated skin inflammation. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| CCL26 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 26|This gene is one of two Cys-Cys (CC) cytokine genes clustered on the q arm of chromosome 7. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for normal peripheral blood eosinophils and basophils. The product of this gene is one of three related chemokines that specifically activate chemokine receptor CCR3. This chemokine may contribute to the eosinophil accumulation in atopic diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ALPK1 | alpha-kinase 1|This gene encodes an alpha kinase. Mice which were homozygous for disrupted copies of this gene exhibited coordination defects (PMID: 21208416). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| SLC23A1 | solute carrier family 23 (ascorbic acid transporter), member 1|The absorption of vitamin C into the body and its distribution to organs requires two sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters. This gene encodes one of the two transporters. The encoded protein is active in bulk vitamin C transport involving epithelial surfaces. Previously, this gene had an official symbol of SLC23A2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| ALPK3 | alpha-kinase 3| |
| ALPK2 | alpha-kinase 2| |
| C8orf48 | chromosome 8 open reading frame 48| |
| UCK1 | uridine-cytidine kinase 1|This gene encodes a uridine-cytidine kinase that catalyzes the phosphorylation of uridine and cytidine to uridine monophosphate (UMP) and cytidine monophosphate (CMP) but not the phosphorylation of deoxyribonucleosides or purine ribonucleosides. This enzyme can also phosphorylate uridine and cytidine analogs and uses both ATP and GTP as a phosphate donor. Alternative splicing results in multiple splice variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| UCK2 | uridine-cytidine kinase 2|This gene encodes a pyrimidine ribonucleoside kinase. The encoded protein (EC 2.7.1.48) catalyzes phosphorylation of uridine and cytidine to uridine monophosphate (UMP) and cytidine monophosphate (CMP), respectively.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| PHRF1 | PHD and ring finger domains 1| |
| PRPF39 | pre-mRNA processing factor 39| |
| TP53I3 | tumor protein p53 inducible protein 3|The protein encoded by this gene is similar to oxidoreductases, which are enzymes involved in cellular responses to oxidative stresses and irradiation. This gene is induced by the tumor suppressor p53 and is thought to be involved in p53-mediated cell death. It contains a p53 consensus binding site in its promoter region and a downstream pentanucleotide microsatellite sequence. P53 has been shown to transcriptionally activate this gene by interacting with the downstream pentanucleotide microsatellite sequence. The microsatellite is polymorphic, with a varying number of pentanucleotide repeats directly correlated with the extent of transcriptional activation by p53. It has been suggested that the microsatellite polymorphism may be associated with differential susceptibility to cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| CUX1 | cut-like homeobox 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the homeodomain family of DNA binding proteins. It may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation and it may also play a role in the cell cycle progession. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| CUX2 | cut-like homeobox 2|This gene encodes a protein which contains three CUT domains and a homeodomain; both domains are DNA-binding motifs. A similar gene, whose gene product possesses different DNA-binding activities, is located on chromosome on chromosome 7. Two pseudogenes of this gene have been identified on chromosomes 10 and 4. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| DERL3 | derlin 3|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the derlin family, and resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Proteins that are unfolded or misfolded in the ER must be refolded or degraded to maintain the homeostasis of the ER. This protein appears to be involved in the degradation of misfolded glycoproteins in the ER. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| BRF2 | BRF2, RNA polymerase III transcription initiation factor 50 kDa subunit|This gene encodes one of the multiple subunits of the RNA polymerase III transcription factor complex required for transcription of genes with promoter elements upstream of the initiation site. The product of this gene, a TFIIB-like factor, is directly recruited to the TATA-box of polymerase III small nuclear RNA gene promoters through its interaction with the TATA-binding protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CYSTM1 | cysteine-rich transmembrane module containing 1| |
| BRF1 | BRF1, RNA polymerase III transcription initiation factor 90 kDa subunit|This gene encodes one of the three subunits of the RNA polymerase III transcription factor complex. This complex plays a central role in transcription initiation by RNA polymerase III on genes encoding tRNA, 5S rRNA, and other small structural RNAs. The gene product belongs to the TF2B family. Several alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms, that function at different promoters transcribed by RNA polymerase III, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| FSIP2 | fibrous sheath interacting protein 2| |
| FSIP1 | fibrous sheath interacting protein 1| |
| DNAJC8 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 8| |
| DNAJC9 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 9| |
| MB | myoglobin|This gene encodes a member of the globin superfamily and is expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscles. The encoded protein is a haemoprotein contributing to intracellular oxygen storage and transcellular facilitated diffusion of oxygen. At least three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DNAJC4 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 4| |
| DNAJC5 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 5|This gene is a member of the J protein family. J proteins function in many cellular processes by regulating the ATPase activity of 70 kDa heat shock proteins. The encoded protein plays a role in membrane trafficking and protein folding, and has been shown to have anti-neurodegenerative properties. The encoded protein is known to play a role in cystic fibrosis and Huntington's disease. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 8. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| DNAJC6 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 6|DNAJC6 belongs to the evolutionarily conserved DNAJ/HSP40 family of proteins, which regulate molecular chaperone activity by stimulating ATPase activity. DNAJ proteins may have up to 3 distinct domains: a conserved 70-amino acid J domain, usually at the N terminus, a glycine/phenylalanine (G/F)-rich region, and a cysteine-rich domain containing 4 motifs resembling a zinc finger domain (Ohtsuka and Hata, 2000 [PubMed 11147971]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CAMSAP1 | calmodulin regulated spectrin-associated protein 1| |
| DNAJC1 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 1| |
| DNAJC2 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 2|This gene is a member of the M-phase phosphoprotein (MPP) family. The gene encodes a phosphoprotein with a J domain and a Myb DNA-binding domain which localizes to both the nucleus and the cytosol. The protein is capable of forming a heterodimeric complex that associates with ribosomes, acting as a molecular chaperone for nascent polypeptide chains as they exit the ribosome. This protein was identified as a leukemia-associated antigen and expression of the gene is upregulated in leukemic blasts. Also, chromosomal aberrations involving this gene are associated with primary head and neck squamous cell tumors. This gene has a pseudogene on chromosome 6. Alternatively spliced variants which encode different protein isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DNAJC3 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 3|This gene encodes a protein with multiple tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motifs as well as the highly conserved J domain found in DNAJ chaperone family members. It is a member of the tetratricopeptide repeat family of proteins and acts as an inhibitor of the interferon-induced, dsRNA-activated protein kinase (PKR). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| C8A | complement component 8, alpha polypeptide|C8 is a component of the complement system and contains three polypeptides, alpha, beta and gamma. This gene encodes the alpha subunit of C8. C8 participates in the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC). The MAC assembles on bacterial membranes to form a pore, permitting disruption of bacterial membrane organization. Mutations in this gene cause complement C8 alpha-gamma deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| CYP4F12 | cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily F, polypeptide 12|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein likely localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. When expressed in yeast the enzyme is capable of oxdizing arachidonic acid. It can also catalyze the epoxidation of 22:6n-3 and 22:5n-3 polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids. This gene is part of a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes on chromosome 19. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| HAUS8 | HAUS augmin-like complex, subunit 8|HAUS8 is 1 of 8 subunits of the 390-kD human augmin complex, or HAUS complex. The augmin complex was first identified in Drosophila, and its name comes from the Latin verb 'augmentare,' meaning 'to increase.' The augmin complex is a microtubule-binding complex involved in microtubule generation within the mitotic spindle and is vital to mitotic spindle assembly (Goshima et al., 2008 [PubMed 18443220]; Uehara et al., 2009 [PubMed 19369198]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2010] |
| SORT1 | sortilin 1|This gene encodes a protein that is a multi-ligand type-1 receptor with similarity to the yeast carboxypeptidase Y sorting receptor Vps10 protein. The encoded protein, a trans-Golgi network (TGN) transmembrane protein, binds a number of unrelated ligands that participate in a wide range of cellular processes; however, it lacks the typical features of a signalling receptor. In the TGN, furin mediates the activation of the mature binding form. The encoded protein consists of a large luminal domain, a single transmembrane segment and short C-terminal cytoplasmic tail. The luminal domain contains a cysteine-rich region similar to two corresponding segments in the yeast Vps10p; the cytoplasmic tail is similar to the corresponding segment of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor and the tail also interacts with the VHS domains of GGA (Golgi-associated, gamma-adaptin homologous, ARF-interacting) proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC18A2 | solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine transporter), member 2|The vesicular monoamine transporter acts to accumulate cytosolic monoamines into synaptic vesicles, using the proton gradient maintained across the synaptic vesicular membrane. Its proper function is essential to the correct activity of the monoaminergic systems that have been implicated in several human neuropsychiatric disorders. The transporter is a site of action of important drugs, including reserpine and tetrabenazine (summary by Peter et al., 1993 [PubMed 7905859]). See also SLC18A1 (MIM 193002).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2011] |
| SLC18A1 | solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine transporter), member 1|The vesicular monoamine transporter acts to accumulate cytosolic monoamines into vesicles, using the proton gradient maintained across the vesicular membrane. Its proper function is essential to the correct activity of the monoaminergic systems that have been implicated in several human neuropsychiatric disorders. The transporter is a site of action of important drugs, including reserpine and tetrabenazine (Peter et al., 1993 [PubMed 7905859]). See also SLC18A2 (MIM 193001).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| GOSR1 | golgi SNAP receptor complex member 1|This gene encodes a trafficking membrane protein which transports proteins among the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi and between Golgi compartments. This protein is considered an essential component of the Golgi SNAP receptor (SNARE) complex. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC23A3 | solute carrier family 23, member 3| |
| RRP15 | ribosomal RNA processing 15 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a protein that co-purifies with human nucleoli. A similar protein in budding yeast is a component of pre-60S ribosomal particles, and is required for the early maturation steps of the 60S subunit. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCDC97 | coiled-coil domain containing 97| |
| RALBP1 | ralA binding protein 1|RALBP1 plays a role in receptor-mediated endocytosis and is a downstream effector of the small GTP-binding protein RAL (see RALA; MIM 179550). Small G proteins, such as RAL, have GDP-bound inactive and GTP-bound active forms, which shift from the inactive to the active state through the action of RALGDS (MIM 601619), which in turn is activated by RAS (see HRAS; MIM 190020) (summary by Feig, 2003 [PubMed 12888294]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| NRN1 | neuritin 1|This gene encodes a member of the neuritin family, and is expressed in postmitotic-differentiating neurons of the developmental nervous system and neuronal structures associated with plasticity in the adult. The expression of this gene can be induced by neural activity and neurotrophins. The encoded protein contains a consensus cleavage signal found in glycosylphoshatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins. The encoded protein promotes neurite outgrowth and arborization, suggesting its role in promoting neuritogenesis. Overexpression of the encoded protein may be associated with astrocytoma progression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| MAP3K6 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 6|This gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that forms a component of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction cascades. The encoded kinase participates in the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| RAP1B | RAP1B, member of RAS oncogene family|This gene encodes a member of the RAS-like small GTP-binding protein superfamily. Members of this family regulate multiple cellular processes including cell adhesion and growth and differentiation. This protein localizes to cellular membranes and has been shown to regulate integrin-mediated cell signaling. This protein also plays a role in regulating outside-in signaling in platelets. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 3, 5, 6 and 9. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| RAP1A | RAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family|This gene encodes a member of the Ras family of small GTPases. The encoded protein undergoes a change in conformational state and activity, depending on whether it is bound to GTP or GDP. This protein is activated by several types of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), and inactivated by two groups of GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). The activation status of the encoded protein is therefore affected by the balance of intracellular levels of GEFs and GAPs. The encoded protein regulates signaling pathways that affect cell proliferation and adhesion, and may play a role in tumor malignancy. Pseudogenes of this gene have been defined on chromosomes 14 and 17. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| PPP1R8 | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 8|This gene, through alternative splicing, encodes three different isoforms. Two of the protein isoforms encoded by this gene are specific inhibitors of type 1 serine/threonine protein phosphatases and can bind but not cleave RNA. The third protein isoform lacks the phosphatase inhibitory function but is a single-strand endoribonuclease comparable to RNase E of E. coli. This isoform requires magnesium for its function and cleaves specific sites in A+U-rich regions of RNA. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF830 | zinc finger protein 830| |
| ZNF835 | zinc finger protein 835| |
| IER3IP1 | immediate early response 3 interacting protein 1|This gene encodes a small protein that is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and may play a role in the ER stress response by mediating cell differentiation and apoptosis. Transcription of this gene is regulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha and specificity protein 1 (Sp1). Mutations in this gene may play a role in microcephaly, epilepsy, and diabetes syndrome (MEDS), and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| ZNF836 | zinc finger protein 836| |
| INTS5 | integrator complex subunit 5|INTS5 is a subunit of the Integrator complex, which associates with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II large subunit (POLR2A; MIM 180660) and mediates 3-prime end processing of small nuclear RNAs U1 (RNU1; MIM 180680) and U2 (RNU2; MIM 180690) (Baillat et al., 2005 [PubMed 16239144]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MAP3K5 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5|Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades include MAPK or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), MAPK kinase (MKK or MEK), and MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK or MEKK). MAPKK kinase/MEKK phosphorylates and activates its downstream protein kinase, MAPK kinase/MEK, which in turn activates MAPK. The kinases of these signaling cascades are highly conserved, and homologs exist in yeast, Drosophila, and mammalian cells. MAPKKK5 contains 1,374 amino acids with all 11 kinase subdomains. Northern blot analysis shows that MAPKKK5 transcript is abundantly expressed in human heart and pancreas. The MAPKKK5 protein phosphorylates and activates MKK4 (aliases SERK1, MAPKK4) in vitro, and activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) during transient expression in COS and 293 cells; MAPKKK5 does not activate MAPK/ERK. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IPO11 | importin 11|Importins, including IPO11, are a members of the karyopherin/importin-beta family of transport receptors (see KPNB1; 602738) that mediate nucleocytoplasmic transport of protein and RNA cargoes (Plafker and Macara, 2000 [PubMed 11032817]).[supplied by OMIM, Sep 2008] |
| LRIF1 | ligand dependent nuclear receptor interacting factor 1| |
| GBAS | glioblastoma amplified sequence|This gene encodes a member of the NipSnap family of proteins that may be involved in vesicular transport. The encoded protein is localized to mitochondria and plays a role in oxidative phosphorylation. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| PHAX | phosphorylated adaptor for RNA export| |
| IPO13 | importin 13|This gene encodes a member of the importin-beta family of nuclear transport proteins. The encoded protein mediates the import of specific cargo proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and is dependent on the Ras-related nuclear protein-GTPase system. The encoded protein is also involved in nuclear export of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| PET117 | PET117 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| ATOH7 | atonal homolog 7 (Drosophila)|This intronless gene encodes a member of the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors, with similarity to Drosophila atonal gene that controls photoreceptor development. Studies in mice suggest that this gene plays a central role in retinal ganglion cell and optic nerve formation. Mutations in this gene are associated with nonsyndromic congenital retinal nonattachment. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| ACAT1 | acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1|This gene encodes a mitochondrially localized enzyme that catalyzes the reversible formation of acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of acetyl-CoA. Defects in this gene are associated with 3-ketothiolase deficiency, an inborn error of isoleucine catabolism characterized by urinary excretion of 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid, 2-methylacetoacetic acid, tiglylglycine, and butanone. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| ACAT2 | acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 2|The product of this gene is an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, and it encodes cytosolic acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase. This gene shows complementary overlapping with the 3-prime region of the TCP1 gene in both mouse and human. These genes are encoded on opposite strands of DNA, as well as in opposite transcriptional orientation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| PABPC4L | poly(A) binding protein, cytoplasmic 4-like| |
| ATOH1 | atonal homolog 1 (Drosophila)|This protein belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix (BHLH) family of transcription factors. It activates E-box dependent transcription along with E47. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNF152 | ring finger protein 152| |
| LIMD2 | LIM domain containing 2| |
| RNF150 | ring finger protein 150| |
| RNF151 | ring finger protein 151| |
| RNF157 | ring finger protein 157| |
| ATOH8 | atonal homolog 8 (Drosophila)| |
| PEX1 | peroxisomal biogenesis factor 1|This gene encodes a member of the AAA ATPase family, a large group of ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities. This protein is cytoplasmic but is often anchored to a peroxisomal membrane where it forms a heteromeric complex and plays a role in the import of proteins into peroxisomes and peroxisome biogenesis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with complementation group 1 peroxisomal disorders such as neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy, infantile Refsum disease, and Zellweger syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| CSTB | cystatin B (stefin B)|The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and kininogens. This gene encodes a stefin that functions as an intracellular thiol protease inhibitor. The protein is able to form a dimer stabilized by noncovalent forces, inhibiting papain and cathepsins l, h and b. The protein is thought to play a role in protecting against the proteases leaking from lysosomes. Evidence indicates that mutations in this gene are responsible for the primary defects in patients with progressive myoclonic epilepsy (EPM1). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FMOD | fibromodulin|Fibromodulin belongs to the family of small interstitial proteoglycans. The encoded protein possesses a central region containing leucine-rich repeats with 4 keratan sulfate chains, flanked by terminal domains containing disulphide bonds. Owing to the interaction with type I and type II collagen fibrils and in vitro inhibition of fibrillogenesis, the encoded protein may play a role in the assembly of extracellular matrix. It may also regulate TGF-beta activities by sequestering TGF-beta into the extracellular matrix. Sequence variations in this gene may be associated with the pathogenesis of high myopia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| CTF1 | cardiotrophin 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted cytokine that induces cardiac myocyte hypertrophy in vitro. It has been shown to bind and activate the ILST/gp130 receoptor. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| MECP2 | methyl CpG binding protein 2|DNA methylation is the major modification of eukaryotic genomes and plays an essential role in mammalian development. Human proteins MECP2, MBD1, MBD2, MBD3, and MBD4 comprise a family of nuclear proteins related by the presence in each of a methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD). Each of these proteins, with the exception of MBD3, is capable of binding specifically to methylated DNA. MECP2, MBD1 and MBD2 can also repress transcription from methylated gene promoters. In contrast to other MBD family members, MECP2 is X-linked and subject to X inactivation. MECP2 is dispensible in stem cells, but is essential for embryonic development. MECP2 gene mutations are the cause of most cases of Rett syndrome, a progressive neurologic developmental disorder and one of the most common causes of mental retardation in females. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| TBPL1 | TBP-like 1|This gene encodes a member of the TATA box-binding protein family. TATA box-binding proteins play a critical role in transcription by RNA polymerase II as components of the transcription factor IID (TFIID) complex. The encoded protein does not bind to the TATA box and initiates transcription from TATA-less promoters. This gene plays a critical role in spermatogenesis, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with male infertility. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 3. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| TRPV5 | transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 5|This gene is a member of the transient receptor family and the TrpV subfamily. The calcium-selective channel encoded by this gene has 6 transmembrane-spanning domains, multiple potential phosphorylation sites, an N-linked glycosylation site, and 5 ANK repeats. This protein forms homotetramers or heterotetramers and is activated by a low internal calcium level. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LDLR | low density lipoprotein receptor|The low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene family consists of cell surface proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis of specific ligands. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) is normally bound at the cell membrane and taken into the cell ending up in lysosomes where the protein is degraded and the cholesterol is made available for repression of microsomal enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis. At the same time, a reciprocal stimulation of cholesterol ester synthesis takes place. Mutations in this gene cause the autosomal dominant disorder, familial hypercholesterolemia. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| USF2 | upstream transcription factor 2, c-fos interacting|This gene encodes a member of the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper family, and can function as a cellular transcription factor. The encoded protein can activate transcription through pyrimidine-rich initiator (Inr) elements and E-box motifs. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TSPY8 | testis specific protein, Y-linked 8| |
| SIGMAR1 | sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1|This gene encodes a receptor protein that interacts with a variety of psychotomimetic drugs, including cocaine and amphetamines. The receptor is believed to play an important role in the cellular functions of various tissues associated with the endocrine, immune, and nervous systems. As indicated by its previous name, opioid receptor sigma 1 (OPRS1), the product of this gene was erroneously thought to function as an opioid receptor; it is now thought to be a non-opioid receptor. Mutations in this gene has been associated with juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 16. Alternative splicing of this gene results in transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| TSPY4 | testis specific protein, Y-linked 4| |
| TSPY3 | testis specific protein, Y-linked 3| |
| TSPY2 | testis specific protein, Y-linked 2| |
| TSPY1 | testis specific protein, Y-linked 1|The protein encoded by this gene is found only in testicular tissue and may be involved in spermatogenesis. Approximately 35 copies of this gene are present in humans, but only a single, nonfunctional orthologous gene is found in mouse. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| IL2RA | interleukin 2 receptor, alpha|The interleukin 2 (IL2) receptor alpha (IL2RA) and beta (IL2RB) chains, together with the common gamma chain (IL2RG), constitute the high-affinity IL2 receptor. Homodimeric alpha chains (IL2RA) result in low-affinity receptor, while homodimeric beta (IL2RB) chains produce a medium-affinity receptor. Normally an integral-membrane protein, soluble IL2RA has been isolated and determined to result from extracellular proteolyisis. Alternately-spliced IL2RA mRNAs have been isolated, but the significance of each is presently unknown. Mutations in this gene are associated with interleukin 2 receptor alpha deficiency.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| ZFYVE21 | zinc finger, FYVE domain containing 21| |
| ZFYVE20 | rabenosyn, RAB effector|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the FYVE zinc finger family of proteins. The encoded protein interacts with Ras-related proteins that regulate membrane trafficking. A missense mutation in this gene is associated with a defect in the early endocytic pathway. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| ZFYVE27 | zinc finger, FYVE domain containing 27|This gene encodes a protein with several transmembrane domains, a Rab11-binding domain and a lipid-binding FYVE finger domain. The encoded protein appears to promote neurite formation. A mutation in this gene has been reported to be associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia, however the pathogenicity of the mutation, which may simply represent a polymorphism, is unclear. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| ZFYVE26 | zinc finger, FYVE domain containing 26|This gene encodes a protein which contains a FYVE zinc finger binding domain. The presence of this domain is thought to target these proteins to membrane lipids through interaction with phospholipids in the membrane. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia-15. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| TPCN2 | two pore segment channel 2|This gene encodes a putative cation-selective ion channel with two repeats of a six-transmembrane-domain. The protein localizes to lysosomal membranes and enables nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) -induced calcium ion release from lysosome-related stores. This ubiquitously expressed gene has elevated expression in liver and kidney. Two common nonsynonymous SNPs in this gene strongly associate with blond versus brown hair pigmentation.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| IL2RG | interleukin 2 receptor, gamma|The protein encoded by this gene is an important signaling component of many interleukin receptors, including those of interleukin -2, -4, -7 and -21, and is thus referred to as the common gamma chain. Mutations in this gene cause X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID), as well as X-linked combined immunodeficiency (XCID), a less severe immunodeficiency disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| SLC17A5 | solute carrier family 17 (acidic sugar transporter), member 5|This gene encodes a membrane transporter that exports free sialic acids that have been cleaved off of cell surface lipids and proteins from lysosomes. Mutations in this gene cause sialic acid storage diseases, including infantile sialic acid storage disorder and and Salla disease, an adult form. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZFYVE28 | zinc finger, FYVE domain containing 28| |
| SLC17A1 | solute carrier family 17 (organic anion transporter), member 1| |
| SLC17A2 | solute carrier family 17, member 2| |
| SLC17A3 | solute carrier family 17 (organic anion transporter), member 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a voltage-driven transporter that excretes intracellular urate and organic anions from the blood into renal tubule cells. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. The longer isoform is a plasma membrane protein with transporter activity while the shorter isoform localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| UBFD1 | ubiquitin family domain containing 1| |
| C16orf58 | chromosome 16 open reading frame 58|This gene encodes a putative transmembrane protein containing a conserved DUF647 domain that may be involved in protein-protein interaction. The encoded protein is related to a plant protein that participates in ultraviolet B light-sensing during root morphogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013] |
| C16orf59 | chromosome 16 open reading frame 59| |
| SETDB2 | SET domain, bifurcated 2|Proteins that contain a SET domain, such as SETDB2, modulate gene expression epigenetically through histone H3 (see MIM 601128) methylation. SETDB2 is likely a histone H3 methyltransferase, as it contains both the active site and flanking cysteine residues required for catalytic activity (Zhang et al., 2003 [PubMed 12754510]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ZNF628 | zinc finger protein 628|Zinc finger proteins (ZNFs), which bind nucleic acids, perform many key functions, the most important of which is regulating transcription. See ZNF91 (MIM 603971) for general information on ZNFs.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SWI5 | SWI5 recombination repair homolog (yeast)| |
| CDK5RAP3 | CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 3|This gene encodes a protein that has been reported to function in signaling pathways governing transcriptional regulation and cell cycle progression. It may play a role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 20. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| CDK5RAP1 | CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 1|This gene encodes a regulator of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activity. This protein has also been reported to modify RNA by adding a methylthio-group and may thus have a dual function as an RNA methylthiotransferase and as an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| C16orf54 | chromosome 16 open reading frame 54| |
| GPATCH2 | G patch domain containing 2| |
| MYF5 | myogenic factor 5| |
| AP5B1 | adaptor-related protein complex 5, beta 1 subunit| |
| GNB1 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 1|Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes. This gene encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| CHMP4A | charged multivesicular body protein 4A|CHMP4A belongs to the chromatin-modifying protein/charged multivesicular body protein (CHMP) family. These proteins are components of ESCRT-III (endosomal sorting complex required for transport III), a complex involved in degradation of surface receptor proteins and formation of endocytic multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Some CHMPs have both nuclear and cytoplasmic/vesicular distributions, and one such CHMP, CHMP1A (MIM 164010), is required for both MVB formation and regulation of cell cycle progression (Tsang et al., 2006 [PubMed 16730941]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CHMP4B | charged multivesicular body protein 4B|This gene encodes a member of the chromatin-modifying protein/charged multivesicular body protein (CHMP) protein family. The protein is part of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) complex III (ESCRT-III), which functions in the sorting of endocytosed cell-surface receptors into multivesicular endosomes. The ESCRT machinery also functions in the final abscisson stage of cytokinesis and in the budding of enveloped viruses such as HIV-1. The three proteins of the CHMP4 subfamily interact with programmed cell death 6 interacting protein (PDCD6IP, also known as ALIX), which also functions in the ESCRT pathway. The CHMP4 proteins assemble into membrane-attached 5-nm filaments that form circular scaffolds and promote or stabilize outward budding. These polymers are proposed to help generate the luminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies. Mutations in this gene result in autosomal dominant posterior polar cataracts.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| CCDC144A | coiled-coil domain containing 144A| |
| BAX | BCL2-associated X protein|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the BCL2 protein family. BCL2 family members form hetero- or homodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. This protein forms a heterodimer with BCL2, and functions as an apoptotic activator. This protein is reported to interact with, and increase the opening of, the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), which leads to the loss in membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c. The expression of this gene is regulated by the tumor suppressor P53 and has been shown to be involved in P53-mediated apoptosis. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants, which encode different isoforms, have been reported for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IL16 | interleukin 16|The protein encoded by this gene is a pleiotropic cytokine that functions as a chemoattractant, a modulator of T cell activation, and an inhibitor of HIV replication. The signaling process of this cytokine is mediated by CD4. The product of this gene undergoes proteolytic processing, which is found to yield two functional proteins. The cytokine function is exclusively attributed to the secreted C-terminal peptide, while the N-terminal product may play a role in cell cycle control. Caspase 3 is reported to be involved in the proteolytic processing of this protein. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| IARS | isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase|Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA by their cognate amino acid. Because of their central role in linking amino acids with nucleotide triplets contained in tRNAS, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are thought to be among the first proteins that appeared in evolution. Isoleucine-tRNA synthetase belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family and has been identified as a target of autoantibodies in the autoimmune disease polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| BHMT2 | betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2|Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that plays a crucial role in methylation reactions. Transfer of the methyl group from betaine to homocysteine creates methionine, which donates the methyl group to methylate DNA, proteins, lipids, and other intracellular metabolites. The protein encoded by this gene is one of two methyl transferases that can catalyze the transfer of the methyl group from betaine to homocysteine. Anomalies in homocysteine metabolism have been implicated in disorders ranging from vascular disease to neural tube birth defects such as spina bifida. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| PRKCDBP | protein kinase C, delta binding protein|The protein encoded by this gene was identified as a binding protein of the protein kinase C, delta (PRKCD). The expression of this gene in cultured cell lines is strongly induced by serum starvation. The expression of this protein was found to be down-regulated in various cancer cell lines, suggesting the possible tumor suppressor function of this protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HLA-B | major histocompatibility complex, class I, B|HLA-B belongs to the HLA class I heavy chain paralogues. This class I molecule is a heterodimer consisting of a heavy chain and a light chain (beta-2 microglobulin). The heavy chain is anchored in the membrane. Class I molecules play a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. They are expressed in nearly all cells. The heavy chain is approximately 45 kDa and its gene contains 8 exons. Exon 1 encodes the leader peptide, exon 2 and 3 encode the alpha1 and alpha2 domains, which both bind the peptide, exon 4 encodes the alpha3 domain, exon 5 encodes the transmembrane region and exons 6 and 7 encode the cytoplasmic tail. Polymorphisms within exon 2 and exon 3 are responsible for the peptide binding specificity of each class one molecule. Typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow and kidney transplantation. Hundreds of HLA-B alleles have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COBLL1 | cordon-bleu WH2 repeat protein-like 1| |
| SLC37A3 | solute carrier family 37, member 3| |
| CDK18 | cyclin-dependent kinase 18| |
| SLC37A1 | solute carrier family 37 (glucose-6-phosphate transporter), member 1|SLC37A1, a member of the sugar-phosphate transport family, transports glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) between cellular compartments for its utilization in several compartment-specific biochemical pathways.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2004] |
| TOB1 | transducer of ERBB2, 1|This gene encodes a member of the transducer of erbB-2 /B-cell translocation gene protein family. Members of this family are anti-proliferative factors that have the potential to regulate cell growth. The encoded protein may function as a tumor suppressor. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| PMPCB | peptidase (mitochondrial processing) beta|This gene is a member of the peptidase M16 family and encodes a protein with a zinc-binding motif. This protein is located in the mitochondrial matrix and catalyzes the cleavage of the leader peptides of precursor proteins newly imported into the mitochondria, though it only functions as part of a heterodimeric complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PMPCA | peptidase (mitochondrial processing) alpha| |
| TOB2 | transducer of ERBB2, 2|TOB2 belongs to the TOB (see TOB1; MIM 605523)/BTG1 (MIM 109580) family of antiproliferative proteins, which are involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| CDK12 | cyclin-dependent kinase 12| |
| CDK13 | cyclin-dependent kinase 13|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase family. Members of this family are well known for their essential roles as master switches in cell cycle control. The exact function of this protein has not yet been determined, but it may play a role in mRNA processing and may be involved in regulation of hematopoiesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| CDK10 | cyclin-dependent kinase 10|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the CDK subfamily of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. The CDK subfamily members are highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28, and S. pombe cdc2, and are known to be essential for cell cycle progression. This kinase has been shown to play a role in cellular proliferation and its function is limited to cell cycle G2-M phase. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| CDK16 | cyclin-dependent kinase 16|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cdc2/cdkx subfamily of the ser/thr family of protein kinases. It may play a role in signal transduction cascades in terminally differentiated cells; in exocytosis; and in transport of secretory cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum. This gene is thought to escape X inactivation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| SULF2 | sulfatase 2|Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) act as coreceptors for numerous heparin-binding growth factors and cytokines and are involved in cell signaling. Heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatases, such as SULF2, selectively remove 6-O-sulfate groups from heparan sulfate. This activity modulates the effects of heparan sulfate by altering binding sites for signaling molecules (Dai et al., 2005 [PubMed 16192265]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| TMEM255A | transmembrane protein 255A| |
| CDK15 | cyclin-dependent kinase 15| |
| GPR126 | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G6|This gene, which is upregulated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, encodes a G protein-coupled receptor. Variations in this gene can affect a person's stature. Multiple transcript variants encoding different proteins have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| ST5 | suppression of tumorigenicity 5|This gene was identified by its ability to suppress the tumorigenicity of Hela cells in nude mice. The protein encoded by this gene contains a C-terminal region that shares similarity with the Rab 3 family of small GTP binding proteins. This protein preferentially binds to the SH3 domain of c-Abl kinase, and acts as a regulator of MAPK1/ERK2 kinase, which may contribute to its ability to reduce the tumorigenic phenotype in cells. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms are identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPR124 | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor A2| |
| ST7 | suppression of tumorigenicity 7|The gene for this product maps to a region on chromosome 7 identified as an autism-susceptibility locus. Mutation screening of the entire coding region in autistic individuals failed to identify phenotype-specific variants, suggesting that coding mutations for this gene are unlikely to be involved in the etiology of autism. The function of this gene product has not been determined. Transcript variants encoding different isoforms of this protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GZF1 | GDNF-inducible zinc finger protein 1| |
| ATP6V1B1 | ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 56/58kDa, V1 subunit B1|This gene encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of eukaryotic intracellular organelles. V-ATPase dependent organelle acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. V-ATPase is composed of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. The V1 domain consists of three A and three B subunits, two G subunits plus the C, D, E, F, and H subunits. The V1 domain contains the ATP catalytic site. The V0 domain consists of five different subunits: a, c, c', c'', and d. Additional isoforms of many of the V1 and V0 subunit proteins are encoded by multiple genes or alternatively spliced transcript variants. This encoded protein is one of two V1 domain B subunit isoforms and is found in the kidney. Mutations in this gene cause distal renal tubular acidosis associated with sensorineural deafness. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATP6V1B2 | ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 56/58kDa, V1 subunit B2|This gene encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of eukaryotic intracellular organelles. V-ATPase dependent organelle acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. V-ATPase is composed of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. The V1 domain consists of three A, three B, and two G subunits, as well as a C, D, E, F, and H subunit. The V1 domain contains the ATP catalytic site. The protein encoded by this gene is one of two V1 domain B subunit isoforms and is the only B isoform highly expressed in osteoclasts. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NOS1AP | nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal) adaptor protein|This gene encodes a cytosolic protein that binds to the signaling molecule, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). This protein has a C-terminal PDZ-binding domain that mediates interactions with nNOS and an N-terminal phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain that binds to the small monomeric G protein, Dexras1. Studies of the related mouse and rat proteins have shown that this protein functions as an adapter protein linking nNOS to specific targets, such as Dexras1 and the synapsins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| PIP5KL1 | phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase-like 1|PIP5KL1 is a phosphoinositide kinase-like protein that lacks intrinsic lipid kinase activity but associates with type I PIPKs (see PIP5K1A; MIM 603275) and may play a role in localization of PIPK activity (Chang et al., 2004 [PubMed 14701839]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009] |
| CTSD | cathepsin D|This gene encodes a lysosomal aspartyl protease composed of a dimer of disulfide-linked heavy and light chains, both produced from a single protein precursor. This proteinase, which is a member of the peptidase C1 family, has a specificity similar to but narrower than that of pepsin A. Transcription of this gene is initiated from several sites, including one which is a start site for an estrogen-regulated transcript. Mutations in this gene are involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including breast cancer and possibly Alzheimer disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF304 | zinc finger protein 304| |
| CLPS | colipase, pancreatic|The protein encoded by this gene is a cofactor needed by pancreatic lipase for efficient dietary lipid hydrolysis. It binds to the C-terminal, non-catalytic domain of lipase, thereby stabilizing an active conformation and considerably increasing the overall hydrophobic binding site. The gene product allows lipase to anchor noncovalently to the surface of lipid micelles, counteracting the destabilizing influence of intestinal bile salts. This cofactor is only expressed in pancreatic acinar cells, suggesting regulation of expression by tissue-specific elements. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| ZNF302 | zinc finger protein 302|This gene encodes a member of the zinc-finger protein family. The encoded protein contains seven C2H2-type zinc fingers and a KRAB domain, but its function has yet to be determined. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| ZNF300 | zinc finger protein 300|The protein encoded by this gene is a C2H2-type zinc finger DNA binding protein and likely transcriptional regulator. The function of this protein is not yet known. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| P2RY8 | purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 8|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of G-protein coupled receptors, that are preferentially activated by adenosine and uridine nucleotides. This gene is moderately expressed in undifferentiated HL60 cells, and is located on both chromosomes X and Y. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM216A | family with sequence similarity 216, member A| |
| CTSF | cathepsin F|Cathepsins are papain family cysteine proteinases that represent a major component of the lysosomal proteolytic system. Cathepsins generally contain a signal sequence, followed by a propeptide and then a catalytically active mature region. The very long (251 amino acid residues) proregion of the cathepsin F precursor contains a C-terminal domain similar to the pro-segment of cathepsin L-like enzymes, a 50-residue flexible linker peptide, and an N-terminal domain predicted to adopt a cystatin-like fold. The cathepsin F proregion is unique within the papain family cysteine proteases in that it contains this additional N-terminal segment predicted to share structural similarities with cysteine protease inhibitors of the cystatin superfamily. This cystatin-like domain contains some of the elements known to be important for inhibitory activity. CTSF encodes a predicted protein of 484 amino acids which contains a 19 residue signal peptide. Cathepsin F contains five potential N-glycosylation sites, and it may be targeted to the endosomal/lysosomal compartment via the mannose 6-phosphate receptor pathway. The cathepsin F gene is ubiquitously expressed, and it maps to chromosome 11q13, close to the gene encoding cathepsin W. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STS | steroid sulfatase (microsomal), isozyme S|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the conversion of sulfated steroid precursors to estrogens during pregnancy. The encoded protein is found in the endoplasmic reticulum, where it acts as a homodimer. Mutations in this gene are known to cause X-linked ichthyosis (XLI). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| P2RY2 | purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 2|The product of this gene belongs to the family of P2 receptors, which is activated by extracellular nucleotides and subdivided into P2X ligand-gated ion channels and P2Y G-protein coupled receptors. This family has several receptor subtypes with different pharmacological selectivity, which overlaps in some cases, for various adenosine and uridine nucleotides. This receptor, found on many cell types, is activated by ATP and UTP and is reported to be overexpressed on some cancer cell types. It is involved in many cellular functions, such as proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| SEC61G | Sec61 gamma subunit|The Sec61 complex is the central component of the protein translocation apparatus of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Oligomers of the Sec61 complex form a transmembrane channel where proteins are translocated across and integrated into the ER membrane. This complex consists of three membrane proteins- alpha, beta, and gamma. This gene encodes the gamma-subunit protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MMP27 | matrix metallopeptidase 27|Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MMP26 | matrix metallopeptidase 26|Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. The encoded protein degrades type IV collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, casein, vitronectin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1, and activates MMP9 by cleavage. The protein differs from most MMP family members in that it lacks a conserved C-terminal protein domain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| P2RY6 | pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 6|The product of this gene belongs to the family of P2 receptors, which is activated by extracellular nucleotides and subdivided into P2X ligand-gated ion channels and P2Y G-protein coupled receptors. This family has several receptor subtypes with different pharmacological selectivity, which overlaps in some cases, for various adenosine and uridine nucleotides. This receptor, which is a G-protein coupled receptor, is responsive to UDP, partially responsive to UTP and ADP, and not responsive to ATP. It is proposed that this receptor mediates inflammatory responses. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| MMP20 | matrix metallopeptidase 20|Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. The protein encoded by this gene degrades amelogenin, the major protein component of dental enamel matrix, and thus thought to play a role in tooth enamel formation. A mutation in this gene, which alters the normal splice pattern and results in premature termination of the encoded protein, has been associated with amelogenesis imperfecta. This gene is part of a cluster of MMP genes located on chromosome 11q22.3. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| P2RY4 | pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 4|The product of this gene belongs to the family of G-protein coupled receptors. This family has several receptor subtypes with different pharmacological selectivity, which overlaps in some cases, for various adenosine and uridine nucleotides. This receptor is responsive to uridine nucleotides, partially responsive to ATP, and not responsive to ADP. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HOXB13 | homeobox B13|This gene encodes a transcription factor that belongs to the homeobox gene family. Genes of this family are highly conserved among vertebrates and essential for vertebrate embryonic development. This gene has been implicated to play a role in fetal skin development and cutaneous regeneration. In mice, a similar gene was shown to exhibit temporal and spatial colinearity in the main body axis of the embryo, but was not expressed in the secondary axes, which suggests functions in body patterning along the axis. This gene and other HOXB genes form a gene cluster at chromosome the 17q21-22 region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAP4K4 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. This kinase has been shown to specifically activate MAPK8/JNK. The activation of MAPK8 by this kinase is found to be inhibited by the dominant-negative mutants of MAP3K7/TAK1, MAP2K4/MKK4, and MAP2K7/MKK7, which suggests that this kinase may function through the MAP3K7-MAP2K4-MAP2K7 kinase cascade, and mediate the TNF-alpha signaling pathway. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ALDH8A1 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 8 family, member A1|This protein belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenases family of proteins. It plays a role in a pathway of 9-cis-retinoic acid biosynthesis in vivo. This enzyme converts 9-cis-retinal into the retinoid X receptor ligand 9-cis-retinoic acid, and has approximately 40-fold higher activity with 9-cis-retinal than with all-trans-retinal. Therefore, it is the first known aldehyde dehydrogenase to show a preference for 9-cis-retinal relative to all-trans-retinal. Three transcript variants encoding distinct protein isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| SETD8 | SET domain containing (lysine methyltransferase) 8| |
| TFG | TRK-fused gene|There are several documented fusion oncoproteins encoded partially by this gene. This gene also participates in several oncogenic rearrangements resulting in anaplastic lymphoma and mixoid chondrosarcoma, and may play a role in the NF-kappaB pathway. Multiple transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| HVCN1 | hydrogen voltage gated channel 1|This gene encodes a voltage-gated protein channel protein expressed more highly in certain cells of the immune system. Phagocytic cells produce superoxide anions which require this channel protein, and in B cells this same process facilitates antibody production. This same channel protein, however, can also regulate functions in other cells including spermatozoa. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| TOMM34 | translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 34|The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the import of precursor proteins into mitochondria. The encoded protein has a chaperone-like activity, binding the mature portion of unfolded proteins and aiding their import into mitochondria. This protein, which is found in the cytoplasm and sometimes associated with the outer mitochondrial membrane, has a weak ATPase activity and contains 6 TPR repeats. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RND1 | Rho family GTPase 1|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the Rho GTPase family. Members of this family regulate the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in response to extracellular growth factors. A similar protein in rat interacts with a microtubule regulator to control axon extension. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| RND2 | Rho family GTPase 2|This gene encodes a member of the Rho GTPase family, whose members play a key role in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization in response to extracellular growth factors. This particular family member has been implicated in the regulation of neuronal morphology and endosomal trafficking. The gene localizes to chromosome 17 and is the centromeric neighbor of the breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RND3 | Rho family GTPase 3|This gene encodes a protein which is a member of the small GTPase protein superfamily. The encoded protein binds only GTP but has no GTPase activity, and appears to act as a negative regulator of cytoskeletal organization leading to loss of adhesion. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| NCL | nucleolin|Nucleolin (NCL), a eukaryotic nucleolar phosphoprotein, is involved in the synthesis and maturation of ribosomes. It is located mainly in dense fibrillar regions of the nucleolus. Human NCL gene consists of 14 exons with 13 introns and spans approximately 11kb. The intron 11 of the NCL gene encodes a small nucleolar RNA, termed U20. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CTNNBIP1 | catenin, beta interacting protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene binds CTNNB1 and prevents interaction between CTNNB1 and TCF family members. The encoded protein is a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPP3CA | protein phosphatase 3, catalytic subunit, alpha isozyme| |
| PPP3CB | protein phosphatase 3, catalytic subunit, beta isozyme| |
| PPP3CC | protein phosphatase 3, catalytic subunit, gamma isozyme|Calcineurin is a calcium-dependent, calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphatase involved in the downstream regulation of dopaminergic signal transduction. Calcineurin is composed of a regulatory subunit and a catalytic subunit. The protein encoded by this gene represents one of the regulatory subunits that has been found for calcineurin. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| TCAIM | T cell activation inhibitor, mitochondrial| |
| ZNF821 | zinc finger protein 821|This gene encodes a protein with two C2H2 zinc finger motifs and a score-and-three (23)-amino acid peptide repeat (STPR) domain. The STPR domain of the encoded protein binds to double stranded DNA and may also contain a nuclear localization signal, suggesting that this protein interacts with chromosomal DNA. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| SESTD1 | SEC14 and spectrin domains 1| |
| RPL12 | ribosomal protein L12|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L11P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. The protein binds directly to the 26S rRNA. This gene is co-transcribed with the U65 snoRNA, which is located in its fourth intron. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LRRC41 | leucine rich repeat containing 41| |
| LRRC40 | leucine rich repeat containing 40| |
| LRRC43 | leucine rich repeat containing 43| |
| LRRC42 | leucine rich repeat containing 42| |
| LRRC45 | leucine rich repeat containing 45| |
| MMP23B | matrix metallopeptidase 23B|This gene (MMP23B) encodes a member of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family, and it is part of a duplicated region of chromosome 1p36.3. Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. This gene belongs to the more telomeric copy of the duplicated region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LRRC47 | leucine rich repeat containing 47| |
| LRRC46 | leucine rich repeat containing 46| |
| LRRC49 | leucine rich repeat containing 49| |
| GPATCH4 | G patch domain containing 4| |
| B3GNT4 | UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 4|This gene encodes a member of the beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase protein family. The encoded enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of poly-N-acetyllactosamine chains and prefers lacto-N-neotetraose as a substrate. It is a type II transmembrane protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DPYS | dihydropyrimidinase|Dihydropyrimidinase catalyzes the conversion of 5,6-dihydrouracil to 3-ureidopropionate in pyrimidine metabolism. Dihydropyrimidinase is expressed at a high level in liver and kidney as a major 2.5-kb transcript and a minor 3.8-kb transcript. Defects in the DPYS gene are linked to dihydropyrimidinuria. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| B3GNT6 | UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 6| |
| CTSS | cathepsin S|The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the peptidase C1 family, is a lysosomal cysteine proteinase that may participate in the degradation of antigenic proteins to peptides for presentation on MHC class II molecules. The encoded protein can function as an elastase over a broad pH range in alveolar macrophages. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| B3GNT1 | |
| B3GNT2 | UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2|This gene encodes a member of the beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase family. This enzyme is a type II transmembrane protein. It prefers the substrate of lacto-N-neotetraose, and is involved in the biosynthesis of poly-N-acetyllactosamine chains. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| B3GNT3 | UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3|This gene encodes a member of the beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase family. This enzyme is a type II transmembrane protein and contains a signal anchor that is not cleaved. It prefers the substrates of lacto-N-tetraose and lacto-N-neotetraose, and is involved in the biosynthesis of poly-N-acetyllactosamine chains and the biosynthesis of the backbone structure of dimeric sialyl Lewis a. It plays dominant roles in L-selectin ligand biosynthesis, lymphocyte homing and lymphocyte trafficking. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TSFM | Ts translation elongation factor, mitochondrial|This gene encodes a mitochondrial translation elongation factor. The encoded protein is an enzyme that catalyzes the exchange of guanine nucleotides on the translation elongation factor Tu during the elongation step of mitchondrial protein translation. Mutations in this gene are associated with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-3 syndrome. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| RPL18 | ribosomal protein L18|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a member of the L18E family of ribosomal proteins that is a component of the 60S subunit. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| B3GNT8 | UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 8| |
| ADRA2A | adrenoceptor alpha 2A|Alpha-2-adrenergic receptors are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. They include 3 highly homologous subtypes: alpha2A, alpha2B, and alpha2C. These receptors have a critical role in regulating neurotransmitter release from sympathetic nerves and from adrenergic neurons in the central nervous system. Studies in mouse revealed that both the alpha2A and alpha2C subtypes were required for normal presynaptic control of transmitter release from sympathetic nerves in the heart and from central noradrenergic neurons; the alpha2A subtype inhibited transmitter release at high stimulation frequencies, whereas the alpha2C subtype modulated neurotransmission at lower levels of nerve activity. This gene encodes alpha2A subtype and it contains no introns in either its coding or untranslated sequences. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPP2R1B | protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit A, beta|This gene encodes a constant regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2. Protein phosphatase 2 is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases, and it is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. It consists of a common heteromeric core enzyme, which is composed of a catalytic subunit and a constant regulatory subunit, that associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. The constant regulatory subunit A serves as a scaffolding molecule to coordinate the assembly of the catalytic subunit and a variable regulatory B subunit. This gene encodes a beta isoform of the constant regulatory subunit A. Mutations in this gene have been associated with some lung and colon cancers. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| FGFR3 | fibroblast growth factor receptor 3|This gene encodes a member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family, with its amino acid sequence being highly conserved between members and among divergent species. FGFR family members differ from one another in their ligand affinities and tissue distribution. A full-length representative protein would consist of an extracellular region, composed of three immunoglobulin-like domains, a single hydrophobic membrane-spanning segment and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain. The extracellular portion of the protein interacts with fibroblast growth factors, setting in motion a cascade of downstream signals, ultimately influencing mitogenesis and differentiation. This particular family member binds acidic and basic fibroblast growth hormone and plays a role in bone development and maintenance. Mutations in this gene lead to craniosynostosis and multiple types of skeletal dysplasia. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| PWWP2B | PWWP domain containing 2B| |
| PWWP2A | PWWP domain containing 2A| |
| ESPN | espin|This gene encodes a multifunctional actin-bundling protein. It plays a major role in regulating the organization, dimensions, dynamics, and signaling capacities of the actin filament-rich, microvillus-type specializations that mediate sensory transduction in various mechanosensory and chemosensory cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive neurosensory deafness, and autosomal dominant sensorineural deafness without vestibular involvement. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| GPATCH1 | G patch domain containing 1| |
| TEX28 | testis expressed 28| |
| GINM1 | glycoprotein integral membrane 1| |
| CXCL1 | chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha)|This antimicrobial gene encodes a member of the CXC subfamily of chemokines. The encoded protein is a secreted growth factor that signals through the G-protein coupled receptor, CXC receptor 2. This protein plays a role in inflammation and as a chemoattractant for neutrophils. Aberrant expression of this protein is associated with the growth and progression of certain tumors. A naturally occurring processed form of this protein has increased chemotactic activity. Alternate splicing results in coding and non-coding variants of this gene. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 4. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| TBCCD1 | TBCC domain containing 1| |
| DAAM1 | dishevelled associated activator of morphogenesis 1|Cell motility, adhesion, cytokinesis, and other functions of the cell cortex are mediated by reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and several formin homology (FH) proteins have been associated with these processes. The protein encoded by this gene contains two FH domains and belongs to a novel FH protein subfamily implicated in cell polarity. A key regulator of cytoskeletal architecture, the small GTPase Rho, is activated during development by Wnt/Fz signaling to control cell polarity and movement. The protein encoded by this gene is thought to function as a scaffolding protein for the Wnt-induced assembly of a disheveled (Dvl)-Rho complex. This protein also promotes the nucleation and elongation of new actin filaments and regulates cell growth through the stabilization of microtubules. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| DAAM2 | dishevelled associated activator of morphogenesis 2| |
| HLA-DRB1 | major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1|HLA-DRB1 belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogs. The class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DRA) and a beta chain (DRB), both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The beta chain is approximately 26-28 kDa. It is encoded by 6 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide; exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains; exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain; and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail. Within the DR molecule the beta chain contains all the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities. Hundreds of DRB1 alleles have been described and typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow and kidney transplantation. DRB1 is expressed at a level five times higher than its paralogs DRB3, DRB4 and DRB5. DRB1 is present in all individuals. Allelic variants of DRB1 are linked with either none or one of the genes DRB3, DRB4 and DRB5. There are 4 related pseudogenes: DRB2, DRB6, DRB7, DRB8 and DRB9. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| XAF1 | XIAP associated factor 1|This gene encodes a protein which binds to and counteracts the inhibitory effect of a member of the IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis) protein family. IAP proteins bind to and inhibit caspases which are activated during apoptosis. The proportion of IAPs and proteins which interfere with their activity, such as the encoded protein, affect the progress of the apoptosis signaling pathway. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| HLA-DRB4 | major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 4|HLA-DRB4 belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DRA) and a beta (DRB) chain, both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The beta chain is approximately 26-28 kDa and its gene contains 6 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail. Within the DR molecule the beta chain contains all the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities. Typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow and kidney transplantation. DRB1 is expressed at a level five times higher than its paralogues DRB3, DRB4 and DRB5. The presence of DRB4 is linked with allelic variants of DRB1, otherwise it is omitted. There are 4 related pseudogenes: DRB2, DRB6, DRB7, DRB8 and DRB9. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HLA-DRB5 | major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 5|HLA-DRB5 belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DRA) and a beta (DRB) chain, both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The beta chain is approximately 26-28 kDa and its gene contains 6 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail. Within the DR molecule the beta chain contains all the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities. Typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow and kidney transplantation. DRB1 is expressed at a level five times higher than its paralogues DRB3, DRB4 and DRB5. The presence of DRB5 is linked with allelic variants of DRB1, otherwise it is omitted. There are 4 related pseudogenes: DRB2, DRB6, DRB7, DRB8 and DRB9. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCDC150 | coiled-coil domain containing 150| |
| CXCL2 | chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2|This antimicrobial gene is part of a chemokine superfamily that encodes secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of the N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine, a member of the CXC subfamily, is expressed at sites of inflammation and may suppress hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| YIF1B | Yip1 interacting factor homolog B (S. cerevisiae)| |
| CCDC157 | coiled-coil domain containing 157| |
| YIF1A | Yip1 interacting factor homolog A (S. cerevisiae)| |
| CCDC158 | coiled-coil domain containing 158| |
| CCDC159 | coiled-coil domain containing 159| |
| WRAP73 | WD repeat containing, antisense to TP73|This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. Studies of the related mouse protein suggest that the encoded protein may play a role in the process of ossification. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| TUFT1 | tuftelin 1|Tuftelin is an acidic protein that is thought to play a role in dental enamel mineralization and is implicated in caries susceptibility. It is also thought to be involved with adaptation to hypoxia, mesenchymal stem cell function, and neurotrophin nerve growth factor mediated neuronal differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014] |
| DZIP3 | DAZ interacting zinc finger protein 3| |
| SYT8 | synaptotagmin VIII|This gene encodes a member of the synaptotagmin protein family. Synaptotagmins are membrane proteins that are important in neurotransmission and hormone secretion, both of which involve regulated exocytosis. Expression of the encoded protein in human pancreatic islets has been connected to activity of the promoter for the insulin gene, on the same chromosome several hundred kilobases away (PMID: 21336277 and 22928559). This association would link response to gluclose to insulin secretion. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| MUTYH | mutY homolog|This gene encodes a DNA glycosylase involved in oxidative DNA damage repair. The enzyme excises adenine bases from the DNA backbone at sites where adenine is inappropriately paired with guanine, cytosine, or 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine, a major oxidatively damaged DNA lesion. The protein is localized to the nucleus and mitochondria. Mutations in this gene result in heritable predisposition to colon and stomach cancer. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LRRC4C | leucine rich repeat containing 4C|NGL1 is a specific binding partner for netrin G1 (NTNG1; MIM 608818), which is a member of the netrin family of axon guidance molecules (Lin et al., 2003 [PubMed 14595443]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MTCH2 | mitochondrial carrier 2| |
| MTCH1 | mitochondrial carrier 1|This gene encodes a member of the mitochondrial carrier family. The encoded protein is localized to the mitochondrion inner membrane and induces apoptosis independent of the proapoptotic proteins Bax and Bak. Pseudogenes on chromosomes 6 and 11 have been identified for this gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| ACR | acrosin|Acrosin is the major proteinase present in the acrosome of mature spermatozoa. It is a typical serine proteinase with trypsin-like specificity. It is stored in the acrosome in its precursor form, proacrosin. The active enzyme functions in the lysis of the zona pellucida, thus facilitating penetration of the sperm through the innermost glycoprotein layers of the ovum. The mRNA for proacrosin is synthesized only in the postmeiotic stages of spermatogenesis. In humans proacrosin first appears in the haploid spermatids. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| H1FX | H1 histone family, member X|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene encodes a member of the histone H1 family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SYT2 | synaptotagmin II|This gene encodes a synaptic vesicle membrane protein. The encoded protein is thought to function as a calcium sensor in vesicular trafficking and exocytosis. Mutations in this gene are associated with myasthenic syndrome, presynaptic, congenital, with or without motor neuropathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| OR6T1 | olfactory receptor, family 6, subfamily T, member 1|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SYT4 | synaptotagmin IV| |
| SYT5 | synaptotagmin V|Synaptotagmins, such as SYT5, are a family of type III membrane proteins characterized by cytoplasmic repeats related to protein kinase C (see MIM 176960) regulatory (C2) domains, which are thought to bind calcium. Synaptotagmins may act both as negative regulators of vesicle fusion, allowing fusion in the presence of calcium, and as calcium receptors or sensor molecules (summary by Hudson and Birnbaum, 1995 [PubMed 7597049]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2011] |
| SYT6 | synaptotagmin VI|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the synaptotagmin family. Synaptotagmins share a common domain structure that includes a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic region composed of 2 C2 domains, and are involved in calcium-dependent exocytosis of synaptic vesicles. This protein has been shown to be a key component of the secretory machinery involved in acrosomal exocytosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| SYT7 | synaptotagmin VII|This gene is a member of the synaptotagmin gene family and encodes a protein similar to other family members that mediate calcium-dependent regulation of membrane trafficking in synaptic transmission. A similar protein in rodents mediates hormone secretion and lysosome exocytosis. In humans, expression of this gene has been associated with prostate cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| SYK | spleen tyrosine kinase|This gene encodes a member of the family of non-receptor type Tyr protein kinases. This protein is widely expressed in hematopoietic cells and is involved in coupling activated immunoreceptors to downstream signaling events that mediate diverse cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, and phagocytosis. It is thought to be a modulator of epithelial cell growth and a potential tumour suppressor in human breast carcinomas. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| NBN | nibrin|Mutations in this gene are associated with Nijmegen breakage syndrome, an autosomal recessive chromosomal instability syndrome characterized by microcephaly, growth retardation, immunodeficiency, and cancer predisposition. The encoded protein is a member of the MRE11/RAD50 double-strand break repair complex which consists of 5 proteins. This gene product is thought to be involved in DNA double-strand break repair and DNA damage-induced checkpoint activation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TIAL1 | TIA1 cytotoxic granule-associated RNA binding protein-like 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of RNA-binding proteins, has three RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), and binds adenine and uridine-rich elements in mRNA and pre-mRNAs of a wide range of genes. It regulates various activities including translational control, splicing and apoptosis. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. The different isoforms have been show to function differently with respect to post-transcriptional silencing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ME1 | malic enzyme 1, NADP(+)-dependent, cytosolic|This gene encodes a cytosolic, NADP-dependent enzyme that generates NADPH for fatty acid biosynthesis. The activity of this enzyme, the reversible oxidative decarboxylation of malate, links the glycolytic and citric acid cycles. The regulation of expression for this gene is complex. Increased expression can result from elevated levels of thyroid hormones or by higher proportions of carbohydrates in the diet. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RHD | Rh blood group, D antigen|The Rh blood group system is the second most clinically significant of the blood groups, second only to ABO. It is also the most polymorphic of the blood groups, with variations due to deletions, gene conversions, and missense mutations. The Rh blood group includes this gene, which encodes the RhD protein, and a second gene that encodes both the RhC and RhE antigens on a single polypeptide. The two genes, and a third unrelated gene, are found in a cluster on chromosome 1. The classification of Rh-positive and Rh-negative individuals is determined by the presence or absence of the highly immunogenic RhD protein on the surface of erythrocytes. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MEP1B | meprin A, beta|Meprins are multidomain zinc metalloproteases that are highly expressed in mammalian kidney and intestinal brush border membranes, and in leukocytes and certain cancer cells. They are involved in the hydrolysis of a variety of peptide and protein substrates, and have been implicated in cancer and intestinal inflammation. Mature meprins are oligomers of evolutionarily related, but separately encoded alpha and/or beta subunits. Homooligomers of alpha subunit are secreted, whereas, oligomers containing the beta subunit are plasma membrane-bound. This gene encodes the beta subunit. Targeted disruption of this gene in mice affects embryonic viability, renal gene expression profiles, and distribution of the membrane-associated alpha subunit in kidney and intestine. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| TASP1 | taspase, threonine aspartase, 1|This gene encodes an endopeptidase that cleaves specific substrates following aspartate residues. The encoded protein undergoes posttranslational autoproteolytic processing to generate alpha and beta subunits, which reassemble into the active alpha2-beta2 heterotetramer. It is required to cleave MLL, a protein required for the maintenance of HOX gene expression, and TFIIA, a basal transcription factor. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCED1A | PC-esterase domain containing 1A|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the GDSL/SGNH superfamily. Members of this family are hydrolytic enzymes with esterase and lipase activity and broad substrate specificity. This protein belongs to the Pmr5-Cas1p-esterase subfamily in that it contains the catalytic triad comprised of serine, aspartate and histidine and lacks two conserved regions (glycine after strand S2 and GxND motif). A pseudogene of this gene has been identified on the long arm of chromosome 2. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012] |
| PCED1B | PC-esterase domain containing 1B|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the GDSL/SGNH-like acyl-esterase family. Members of this family are hydrolases thought to function in modification of biopolymers on the cell surface. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| FUBP3 | far upstream element (FUSE) binding protein 3| |
| ME2 | malic enzyme 2, NAD(+)-dependent, mitochondrial|This gene encodes a mitochondrial NAD-dependent malic enzyme, a homotetrameric protein, that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate. It had previously been weakly linked to a syndrome known as Friedreich ataxia that has since been shown to be the result of mutation in a completely different gene. Certain single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes of this gene have been shown to increase the risk for idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| COLQ | collagen-like tail subunit (single strand of homotrimer) of asymmetric acetylcholinesterase|This gene encodes the subunit of a collagen-like molecule associated with acetylcholinesterase in skeletal muscle. Each molecule is composed of three identical subunits. Each subunit contains a proline-rich attachment domain (PRAD) that binds an acetylcholinesterase tetramer to anchor the catalytic subunit of the enzyme to the basal lamina. Mutations in this gene are associated with endplate acetylcholinesterase deficiency. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SCHIP1 | schwannomin interacting protein 1| |
| SPZ1 | spermatogenic leucine zipper 1|This gene encodes a bHLH-zip transcription factor which functions in the mitogen-activate protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Because of its role in the upregulation of cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, this gene may serve as a target for Ras-induced tumor treatments. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| CEP104 | centrosomal protein 104kDa| |
| FAM189A2 | family with sequence similarity 189, member A2| |
| FAM189A1 | family with sequence similarity 189, member A1| |
| MARCO | macrophage receptor with collagenous structure|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the class A scavenger receptor family and is part of the innate antimicrobial immune system. The protein may bind both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria via an extracellular, C-terminal, scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain. In addition to short cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains, there is an extracellular spacer domain and a long, extracellular collagenous domain. The protein may form a trimeric molecule by the association of the collagenous domains of three identical polypeptide chains. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SAP30 | Sin3A-associated protein, 30kDa|Histone acetylation plays a key role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are catalyzed by multisubunit complexes. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the histone deacetylase complex, which includes SIN3, SAP18, HDAC1, HDAC2, RbAp46, RbAp48, and other polypeptides. This complex is active in deacetylating core histone octamers, but inactive in deacetylating nucleosomal histones. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIM5 | tripartite motif containing 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein forms homo-oligomers via the coilel-coil region and localizes to cytoplasmic bodies. It appears to function as a E3 ubiquitin-ligase and ubiqutinates itself to regulate its subcellular localization. It may play a role in retroviral restriction. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| GNAI2 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 2|The protein encoded by this gene is an alpha subunit of guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins). The encoded protein contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and is involved in the hormonal regulation of adenylate cyclase. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| TCP11L2 | t-complex 11, testis-specific-like 2| |
| CLEC5A | C-type lectin domain family 5, member A|This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. Members of this family share a common protein fold and have diverse functions, such as cell adhesion, cell-cell signalling, glycoprotein turnover, and roles in inflammation and immune response. The encoded type II transmembrane protein interacts with dnax-activation protein 12 and may play a role in cell activation. Alternative splice variants have been described but their full-length sequence has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NES | nestin|This gene encodes a member of the intermediate filament protein family and is expressed primarily in nerve cells. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| CCZ1B | CCZ1 vacuolar protein trafficking and biogenesis associated homolog B (S. cerevisiae)| |
| PALMD | palmdelphin| |
| HSFX1 | heat shock transcription factor family, X linked 1| |
| ANGPT2 | angiopoietin 2|The protein encoded by this gene is an antagonist of angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1) and endothelial TEK tyrosine kinase (TIE-2, TEK). The encoded protein disrupts the vascular remodeling ability of ANGPT1 and may induce endothelial cell apoptosis. Three transcript variants encoding three different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANGPT1 | angiopoietin 1|Angiopoietins are proteins with important roles in vascular development and angiogenesis. All angiopoietins bind with similar affinity to an endothelial cell-specific tyrosine-protein kinase receptor. The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted glycoprotein that activates the receptor by inducing its tyrosine phosphorylation. It plays a critical role in mediating reciprocal interactions between the endothelium and surrounding matrix and mesenchyme and inhibits endothelial permeability. The protein also contributes to blood vessel maturation and stability, and may be involved in early development of the heart. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| ANGPT4 | angiopoietin 4|Angiopoietins are proteins with important roles in vascular development and angiogenesis. All angiopoietins bind with similar affinity to an endothelial cell-specific tyrosine-protein kinase receptor. The mechanism by which they contribute to angiogenesis is thought to involve regulation of endothelial cell interactions with supporting perivascular cells. The protein encoded by this gene functions as an agonist and is an angiopoietin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PALM2 | paralemmin 2| |
| OXT | oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide|This gene encodes a precursor protein that is processed to produce oxytocin and neurophysin I. Oxytocin is a posterior pituitary hormone which is synthesized as an inactive precursor in the hypothalamus along with its carrier protein neurophysin I. Together with neurophysin, it is packaged into neurosecretory vesicles and transported axonally to the nerve endings in the neurohypophysis, where it is either stored or secreted into the bloodstream. The precursor seems to be activated while it is being transported along the axon to the posterior pituitary. This hormone contracts smooth muscle during parturition and lactation. It is also involved in cognition, tolerance, adaptation and complex sexual and maternal behaviour, as well as in the regulation of water excretion and cardiovascular functions. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| DUPD1 | dual specificity phosphatase and pro isomerase domain containing 1| |
| ZFPM2 | zinc finger protein, FOG family member 2|The zinc finger protein encoded by this gene is a widely expressed member of the FOG family of transcription factors. The family members modulate the activity of GATA family proteins, which are important regulators of hematopoiesis and cardiogenesis in mammals. It has been demonstrated that the protein can both activate and down-regulate expression of GATA-target genes, suggesting different modulation in different promoter contexts. A related mRNA suggests an alternatively spliced product but this information is not yet fully supported by the sequence. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GMCL1P1 | germ cell-less, spermatogenesis associated 1 pseudogene 1|This locus shares a high degree of identity with the multi-exon germ cell-less gene on chromosome 2. Despite its single-exon nature, this chromosome 5 locus contains an open reading frame that could putatively encode a full-length germ cell-less related protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C1orf53 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 53| |
| C1orf52 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 52| |
| C1orf50 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 50| |
| MARC1 | mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component 1| |
| MARC2 | mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component 2| |
| ICMT | isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase|This gene encodes the third of three enzymes that posttranslationally modify isoprenylated C-terminal cysteine residues in certain proteins and target those proteins to the cell membrane. This enzyme localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. Alternative splicing may result in other transcript variants, but the biological validity of those transcripts has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPR142 | G protein-coupled receptor 142|GPR142 is a member of the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) (Fredriksson et al., 2003 [PubMed 14623098]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| POSTN | periostin, osteoblast specific factor| |
| EME1 | essential meiotic structure-specific endonuclease 1|This gene encodes a protein that complexes with methyl methanesulfonate-sensitive UV-sensitive 81 protein to form an endonuclease complex. The encoded protein interacts with specifc DNA structures including nicked Holliday junctions, 3'-flap structures and aberrant replication fork structures. This protein may be involved in repairing DNA damage and in maintaining genomic stability. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| FCF1 | FCF1 rRNA-processing protein| |
| MPZL1 | myelin protein zero-like 1| |
| ATP6V0A4 | ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit a4|This gene encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of intracellular compartments of eukaryotic cells. V-ATPase dependent acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. V-ATPase is composed of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. The V1 domain consists of three A and three B subunits, two G subunits plus the C, D, E, F, and H subunits. The V1 domain contains the ATP catalytic site. The V0 domain consists of five different subunits: a, c, c', c'', and d. This gene is one of four genes in man and mouse that encode different isoforms of the a subunit. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described. Mutations in this gene are associated with renal tubular acidosis associated with preserved hearing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATP6V0A1 | ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit a1|This gene encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of eukaryotic intracellular organelles. V-ATPase dependent organelle acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. V-ATPase is composed of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. The V1 domain consists of three A and three B subunits, two G subunits plus the C, D, E, F, and H subunits. The V1 domain contains the ATP catalytic site. The V0 domain consists of five different subunits: a, c, c', c", and d. Additional isoforms of many of the V1 and V0 subunit proteins are encoded by multiple genes or alternatively spliced transcript variants. This gene encodes one of three A subunit proteins and the encoded protein is associated with clathrin-coated vesicles. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATP6V0A2 | ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit a2|The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the vacuolar ATPase (v-ATPase), an heteromultimeric enzyme that is present in intracellular vesicles and in the plasma membrane of specialized cells, and which is essential for the acidification of diverse cellular components. V-ATPase is comprised of a membrane peripheral V(1) domain for ATP hydrolysis, and an integral membrane V(0) domain for proton translocation. The subunit encoded by this gene is a component of the V(0) domain. Mutations in this gene are a cause of both cutis laxa type II and wrinkly skin syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| TBC1D1 | TBC1 (tre-2/USP6, BUB2, cdc16) domain family, member 1|TBC1D1 is the founding member of a family of proteins sharing a 180- to 200-amino acid TBC domain presumed to have a role in regulating cell growth and differentiation. These proteins share significant homology with TRE2 (USP6; MIM 604334), yeast Bub2, and CDC16 (MIM 603461) (White et al., 2000 [PubMed 10965142]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SLC22A15 | solute carrier family 22, member 15|Organic ion transporters, such as SLC22A15, transport various medically and physiologically important compounds, including pharmaceuticals, toxins, hormones, neurotransmitters, and cellular metabolites. These transporters are also referred to as amphiphilic solute facilitators (ASFs).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| GUCA1A | guanylate cyclase activator 1A (retina)|This gene plays a role in the recovery of retinal photoreceptors from photobleaching. In the recovery phase, the phototransduction messeneger cGMP is replenished by retinal guanylyl cyclase-1 (GC1). GC1 is activated by decreasing Ca(2+) concentrations following photobleaching. The protein encoded by this gene, guanylyl cyclase activating protein 1 (GCAP1), mediates the sensitivity of GC1 to Ca(2+) concentrations. GCAP1 promotes activity of GC1 at low Ca(2+) concentrations and inhibits GC1 activity at high Ca(2+) concentrations. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal dominant cone dystrophy (COD3); a disease characterized by reduced visual acuity associated with progressive loss of color vision. Mutations in this gene prohibit the inactivation of RetGC1 at high Ca(2+) concentrations; causing the constitutive activation of RetGC1 and, presumably, increased cell death. This gene is expressed in retina and spermatagonia. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| GUCA1C | guanylate cyclase activator 1C| |
| GUCA1B | guanylate cyclase activator 1B (retina)|The protein encoded by this gene is a calcium-binding protein that activates photoreceptor guanylate cyclases. This gene may have arisen due to a gene duplication event since there is a highly similar gene clustered with it on chromosome 6. Mutations in this gene can cause a form of retinitis pigmentosa. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| KRT75 | keratin 75, type II|This gene is a member of the type II keratin family clustered on the long arm of chromosome 12. Type I and type II keratins heteropolymerize to form intermediate-sized filaments in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. This gene is expressed in the companion layer, upper germinative matrix region of the hair follicle, and medulla of the hair shaft. The encoded protein plays an essential role in hair and nail formation. Variations in this gene have been associated with the hair disorders pseudofolliculitis barbae (PFB) and loose anagen hair syndrome (LAHS). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| KRT74 | keratin 74, type II|Keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into epithelial keratins and hair keratins. This protein belongs to a family of keratins that are specifically expressed in the inner root sheath of hair follicles.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| KRT77 | keratin 77, type II|Keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into epithelial keratins and hair keratins. This gene encodes an epithelial keratin that is expressed in the skin and eccrine sweat glands. The type II keratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q13.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| TBC1D3 | TBC1 domain family, member 3| |
| KRT71 | keratin 71, type II|Keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into epithelial keratins and hair keratins. This gene encodes a protein that is expressed in the inner root sheath of hair follicles. The type II keratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q13.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| KRT73 | keratin 73, type II|Keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into epithelial keratins and hair keratins. This gene encodes a protein that is expressed in the inner root sheath of hair follicles. The type II keratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q13.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| KRT72 | keratin 72, type II|Keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells. The type II keratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. This gene encodes a type II keratin that is specifically expressed in the inner root sheath of hair follicles. The type II keratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q12-q13. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| TBC1D4 | TBC1 domain family, member 4| |
| ATM | ATM serine/threonine kinase|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. This protein is an important cell cycle checkpoint kinase that phosphorylates; thus, it functions as a regulator of a wide variety of downstream proteins, including tumor suppressor proteins p53 and BRCA1, checkpoint kinase CHK2, checkpoint proteins RAD17 and RAD9, and DNA repair protein NBS1. This protein and the closely related kinase ATR are thought to be master controllers of cell cycle checkpoint signaling pathways that are required for cell response to DNA damage and for genome stability. Mutations in this gene are associated with ataxia telangiectasia, an autosomal recessive disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| KRT79 | keratin 79, type II|Keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into epithelial keratins and hair keratins. This gene encodes an epithelial keratin that is expressed in skeletal muscle, skin and scalp. The type II keratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q13.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| KRT78 | keratin 78, type II|This gene is a member of the type II keratin gene family and encodes a protein with an intermediate filament domain. Keratins are the major structural proteins in epithelial cells, forming a cytoplasmic network of 10 to 12 nm wide intermediate filaments and creating a scaffold that gives cells the ability to withstand mechanical and non-mechanical stresses. The genes of the type II keratin family are located as a gene cluster at 12p13.13. Four pseudogenes of this gene family have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPS30 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S30|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that is similar to the chicken pro-apoptotic protein p52. Transcript variants using alternative promoters or polyA sites have been mentioned in the literature but the complete description of these sequences is not available. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SMPD4 | sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 4, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase-3)|Sphingomyelinases (EC 3.1.4.12), such as SMPD4, catalyze the hydrolysis of membrane sphingomyelin to form phosphorylcholine and ceramide (Krut et al., 2006 [PubMed 16517606]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SMPD1 | sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal|The protein encoded by this gene is a lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase that converts sphingomyelin to ceramide. The encoded protein also has phospholipase C activity. Defects in this gene are a cause of Niemann-Pick disease type A (NPA) and Niemann-Pick disease type B (NPB). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| HAAO | 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase|3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase is a monomeric cytosolic protein belonging to the family of intramolecular dioxygenases containing nonheme ferrous iron. It is widely distributed in peripheral organs, such as liver and kidney, and is also present in low amounts in the central nervous system. HAAO catalyzes the synthesis of quinolinic acid (QUIN) from 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. QUIN is an excitotoxin whose toxicity is mediated by its ability to activate glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Increased cerebral levels of QUIN may participate in the pathogenesis of neurologic and inflammatory disorders. HAAO has been suggested to play a role in disorders associated with altered tissue levels of QUIN. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACOXL | acyl-CoA oxidase-like| |
| SMPD2 | sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase)|This gene encodes a protein which was initially identified as a sphingomyelinase based on sequence similarity between bacterial sphingomyelinases and a yeast protein. Subsequent studies showed that its biological function is less likely to be as a sphingomyelinase and instead as a lysophospholipase. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| BRIP1 | BRCA1 interacting protein C-terminal helicase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RecQ DEAH helicase family and interacts with the BRCT repeats of breast cancer, type 1 (BRCA1). The bound complex is important in the normal double-strand break repair function of breast cancer, type 1 (BRCA1). This gene may be a target of germline cancer-inducing mutations. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PDE11A | phosphodiesterase 11A|The 3',5'-cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP function as second messengers in a wide variety of signal transduction pathways. 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) catalyze the hydrolysis of cAMP and cGMP to the corresponding 5'-monophosphates and provide a mechanism to downregulate cAMP and cGMP signaling. This gene encodes a member of the PDE protein superfamily. Mutations in this gene are a cause of Cushing disease and adrenocortical hyperplasia. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ITGBL1 | integrin, beta-like 1 (with EGF-like repeat domains)|This gene encodes a beta integrin-related protein that is a member of the EGF-like protein family. The encoded protein contains integrin-like cysteine-rich repeats. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| ATP5A1 | ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1, cardiac muscle|This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, using an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel consists of three main subunits (a, b, c). This gene encodes the alpha subunit of the catalytic core. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the different isoforms have been identified. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 9, 2, and 16. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| HFE2 | hemochromatosis type 2 (juvenile)|The product of this gene is involved in iron metabolism. It may be a component of the signaling pathway which activates hepcidin or it may act as a modulator of hepcidin expression. It could also represent the cellular receptor for hepcidin. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. Defects in this gene are the cause of hemochromatosis type 2A, also called juvenile hemochromatosis (JH). JH is an early-onset autosomal recessive disorder due to severe iron overload resulting in hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis and cardiomyopathy, occurring typically before age of 30. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IGHA2 | immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 2 (A2m marker)| |
| TTC28 | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 28| |
| AAMP | angio-associated, migratory cell protein|The gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein is associated with angiogenesis, with potential roles in endothelial tube formation and the migration of endothelial cells. It may also regulate smooth muscle cell migration via the RhoA pathway. The encoded protein can bind to heparin and may mediate heparin-sensitive cell adhesion. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| HYPK | huntingtin interacting protein K| |
| LINC00341 | long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 341| |
| TTC25 | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 25| |
| TTC26 | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 26| |
| DOT1L | DOT1-like histone H3K79 methyltransferase|The protein encoded by this gene is a histone methyltransferase that methylates lysine-79 of histone H3. It is inactive against free core histones, but shows significant histone methyltransferase activity against nucleosomes. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| TTC22 | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 22|This gene encodes a protein with seven tetratricopeptide (TPR) repeats. Tetratricopeptide repeat containing motifs are found in a variety of proteins and may mediate protein-protein interactions and chaperone activity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| TTC23 | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 23| |
| DUOX2 | dual oxidase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a glycoprotein and a member of the NADPH oxidase family. The synthesis of thyroid hormone is catalyzed by a protein complex located at the apical membrane of thyroid follicular cells. This complex contains an iodide transporter, thyroperoxidase, and a peroxide generating system that includes this encoded protein and DUOX1. This protein is known as dual oxidase because it has both a peroxidase homology domain and a gp91phox domain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CARS | cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase|This gene encodes a class 1 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. Each of the twenty aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyzes the aminoacylation of a specific tRNA or tRNA isoaccepting family with the cognate amino acid. This gene is one of several located near the imprinted gene domain on chromosome 11p15.5, an important tumor-suppressor gene region. Alterations in this region have been associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, and lung, ovarian and breast cancers. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| PODXL2 | podocalyxin-like 2|This gene is a member of the CD34 family of cell surface transmembrane proteins, which are characterized by an N-terminal extracellular mucin domain, globular and stalk domains, a single pass transmembrane region, and a charged cytoplasmic tail. The encoded protein is a ligand for vascular selectins. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| U2SURP | U2 snRNP-associated SURP domain containing| |
| IL6R | interleukin 6 receptor|This gene encodes a subunit of the interleukin 6 (IL6) receptor complex. Interleukin 6 is a potent pleiotropic cytokine that regulates cell growth and differentiation and plays an important role in the immune response. The IL6 receptor is a protein complex consisting of this protein and interleukin 6 signal transducer (IL6ST/GP130/IL6-beta), a receptor subunit also shared by many other cytokines. Dysregulated production of IL6 and this receptor are implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as multiple myeloma, autoimmune diseases and prostate cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 9.[provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| ENO1 | enolase 1, (alpha)|This gene encodes alpha-enolase, one of three enolase isoenzymes found in mammals. Each isoenzyme is a homodimer composed of 2 alpha, 2 gamma, or 2 beta subunits, and functions as a glycolytic enzyme. Alpha-enolase in addition, functions as a structural lens protein (tau-crystallin) in the monomeric form. Alternative splicing of this gene results in a shorter isoform that has been shown to bind to the c-myc promoter and function as a tumor suppressor. Several pseudogenes have been identified, including one on the long arm of chromosome 1. Alpha-enolase has also been identified as an autoantigen in Hashimoto encephalopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| ENO2 | enolase 2 (gamma, neuronal)|This gene encodes one of the three enolase isoenzymes found in mammals. This isoenzyme, a homodimer, is found in mature neurons and cells of neuronal origin. A switch from alpha enolase to gamma enolase occurs in neural tissue during development in rats and primates. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ENO3 | enolase 3 (beta, muscle)|This gene encodes one of the three enolase isoenzymes found in mammals. This isoenzyme is found in skeletal muscle cells in the adult where it may play a role in muscle development and regeneration. A switch from alpha enolase to beta enolase occurs in muscle tissue during development in rodents. Mutations in this gene have be associated glycogen storage disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| CARF | calcium responsive transcription factor| |
| NPAT | nuclear protein, ataxia-telangiectasia locus| |
| TAOK2 | TAO kinase 2|This gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that is involved in many different processes, including, cell signaling, microtubule organization and stability, and apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| SYCP1 | synaptonemal complex protein 1| |
| CNOT6L | CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 6-like| |
| LLGL2 | lethal giant larvae homolog 2 (Drosophila)|The lethal (2) giant larvae protein of Drosophila plays a role in asymmetric cell division, epithelial cell polarity, and cell migration. This human gene encodes a protein similar to lethal (2) giant larvae of Drosophila. In fly, the protein's ability to localize cell fate determinants is regulated by the atypical protein kinase C (aPKC). In human, this protein interacts with aPKC-containing complexes and is cortically localized in mitotic cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC22A18 | solute carrier family 22, member 18|This gene is one of several tumor-suppressing subtransferable fragments located in the imprinted gene domain of 11p15.5, an important tumor-suppressor gene region. Alterations in this region have been associated with the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, and lung, ovarian, and breast cancer. This gene is imprinted, with preferential expression from the maternal allele. Mutations in this gene have been found in Wilms' tumor and lung cancer. This protein may act as a transporter of organic cations, and have a role in the transport of chloroquine and quinidine-related compounds in kidney. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| LLGL1 | lethal giant larvae homolog 1 (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a protein that is similar to a tumor suppressor in Drosophila. The protein is part of a cytoskeletal network and is associated with nonmuscle myosin II heavy chain and a kinase that specifically phosphorylates this protein at serine residues. The gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC22A16 | solute carrier family 22 (organic cation/carnitine transporter), member 16|This gene encodes a member of the organic zwitterion transporter protein family which transports carnitine. The encoded protein has also been shown to transport anticancer drugs like bleomycin (PMID: 20037140) successful treatment has been correlated with the level of activity of this transporter in tumor cells. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| SLC22A17 | solute carrier family 22, member 17| |
| ACOX1 | acyl-CoA oxidase 1, palmitoyl|The protein encoded by this gene is the first enzyme of the fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway, which catalyzes the desaturation of acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs. It donates electrons directly to molecular oxygen, thereby producing hydrogen peroxide. Defects in this gene result in pseudoneonatal adrenoleukodystrophy, a disease that is characterized by accumulation of very long chain fatty acids. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC22A12 | solute carrier family 22 (organic anion/urate transporter), member 12|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the organic anion transporter (OAT) family, and it acts as a urate transporter to regulate urate levels in blood. This protein is an integral membrane protein primarily found in epithelial cells of the proximal tubule of the kidney. An elevated level of serum urate, hyperuricemia, is associated with increased incidences of gout, and mutations in this gene cause renal hypouricemia type 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| SLC22A11 | solute carrier family 22 (organic anion/urate transporter), member 11|The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the sodium-independent transport and excretion of organic anions, some of which are potentially toxic. The encoded protein is an integral membrane protein and is found mainly in the kidney and in the placenta, where it may act to prevent potentially harmful organic anions from reaching the fetus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| NSMCE1 | non-SMC element 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| NSMCE2 | non-SMC element 2, MMS21 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| ANKFY1 | ankyrin repeat and FYVE domain containing 1|This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein that contains a coiled-coil structure and a BTB/POZ domain at its N-terminus, ankyrin repeats in the middle portion, and a FYVE-finger motif at its C-terminus. This protein belongs to a subgroup of double zinc finger proteins which may be involved in vesicle or protein transport. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| OBSCN | obscurin, cytoskeletal calmodulin and titin-interacting RhoGEF|The obscurin gene spans more than 150 kb, contains over 80 exons and encodes a protein of approximately 720 kDa. The encoded protein contains 68 Ig domains, 2 fibronectin domains, 1 calcium/calmodulin-binding domain, 1 RhoGEF domain with an associated PH domain, and 2 serine-threonine kinase domains. This protein belongs to the family of giant sacromeric signaling proteins that includes titin and nebulin, and may have a role in the organization of myofibrils during assembly and may mediate interactions between the sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrils. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DAGLA | diacylglycerol lipase, alpha|This gene encodes a diacylglycerol lipase. The encoded enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| PTK2 | protein tyrosine kinase 2|This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase which is found concentrated in the focal adhesions that form between cells growing in the presence of extracellular matrix constituents. The encoded protein is a member of the FAK subfamily of protein tyrosine kinases but lacks significant sequence similarity to kinases from other subfamilies. Activation of this gene may be an important early step in cell growth and intracellular signal transduction pathways triggered in response to certain neural peptides or to cell interactions with the extracellular matrix. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, but the full-length natures of only three of them have been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| PTK7 | protein tyrosine kinase 7 (inactive)|This gene encodes a member of the receptor protein tyrosine kinase family of proteins that transduce extracellular signals across the cell membrane. The encoded protein lacks detectable catalytic tyrosine kinase activity, is involved in the Wnt signaling pathway and plays a role in multiple cellular processes including polarity and adhesion. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| PTK6 | protein tyrosine kinase 6|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytoplasmic nonreceptor protein kinase which may function as an intracellular signal transducer in epithelial tissues. Overexpression of this gene in mammary epithelial cells leads to sensitization of the cells to epidermal growth factor and results in a partially transformed phenotype. Expression of this gene has been detected at low levels in some breast tumors but not in normal breast tissue. The encoded protein has been shown to undergo autophosphorylation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| RABGAP1 | RAB GTPase activating protein 1| |
| PRKAA2 | protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit|The protein encoded by this gene is a catalytic subunit of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a heterotrimer consisting of an alpha catalytic subunit, and non-catalytic beta and gamma subunits. AMPK is an important energy-sensing enzyme that monitors cellular energy status. In response to cellular metabolic stresses, AMPK is activated, and thus phosphorylates and inactivates acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and beta-hydroxy beta-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), key enzymes involved in regulating de novo biosynthesis of fatty acid and cholesterol. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggest that this catalytic subunit may control whole-body insulin sensitivity and is necessary for maintaining myocardial energy homeostasis during ischemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRKAA1 | protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ser/thr protein kinase family. It is the catalytic subunit of the 5'-prime-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a cellular energy sensor conserved in all eukaryotic cells. The kinase activity of AMPK is activated by the stimuli that increase the cellular AMP/ATP ratio. AMPK regulates the activities of a number of key metabolic enzymes through phosphorylation. It protects cells from stresses that cause ATP depletion by switching off ATP-consuming biosynthetic pathways. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ITGB3BP | integrin beta 3 binding protein (beta3-endonexin)|This gene encodes a transcriptional coregulator that binds to and enhances the activity of members of the nuclear receptor families, thyroid hormone receptors and retinoid X receptors. This protein also acts as a corepressor of NF-kappaB-dependent signaling. This protein induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells through a caspase 2-mediated signaling pathway. This protein is also a component of the centromere-specific histone H3 variant nucleosome associated complex (CENP-NAC) and may be involved in mitotic progression by recruiting the histone H3 variant CENP-A to the centromere. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| DAGLB | diacylglycerol lipase, beta| |
| RCSD1 | RCSD domain containing 1| |
| MCL1 | myeloid cell leukemia 1|This gene encodes an anti-apoptotic protein, which is a member of the Bcl-2 family. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. The longest gene product (isoform 1) enhances cell survival by inhibiting apoptosis while the alternatively spliced shorter gene products (isoform 2 and isoform 3) promote apoptosis and are death-inducing. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| GAL3ST1 | galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase 1|Sulfonation, an important step in the metabolism of many drugs, xenobiotics, hormones, and neurotransmitters, is catalyzed by sulfotransferases. The product of this gene is galactosylceramide sulfotransferase which catalyzes the conversion between 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + a galactosylceramide to adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + galactosylceramide sulfate. Activity of this sulfotransferase is enhanced in renal cell carcinoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PFDN5 | prefoldin subunit 5|This gene encodes a member of the prefoldin alpha subunit family. The encoded protein is one of six subunits of prefoldin, a molecular chaperone complex that binds and stabilizes newly synthesized polypeptides, thereby allowing them to fold correctly. The complex, consisting of two alpha and four beta subunits, forms a double beta barrel assembly with six protruding coiled-coils. The encoded protein may also repress the transcriptional activity of the proto-oncogene c-Myc. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GAL3ST3 | galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase 3|This gene encodes a member of the galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase protein family. The product of this gene catalyzes sulfonation by transferring a sulfate group to the 3' position of galactose in N-acetyllactosamine in both type 2 (Gal-beta-1-4GlcNAc-R) oligosaccharides and core-2-branched O-glycans, but not on type 1 or core-1-branched structures. This gene, which has also been referred to as GAL3ST2, is different from the GAL3ST2 gene located on chromosome 2 that encodes a related enzyme with distinct tissue distribution and substrate specificities, compared to galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase 3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SORBS2 | sorbin and SH3 domain containing 2|Arg and c-Abl represent the mammalian members of the Abelson family of non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinases. They interact with the Arg/Abl binding proteins via the SH3 domains present in the carboxy end of the latter group of proteins. This gene encodes the sorbin and SH3 domain containing 2 protein. It has three C-terminal SH3 domains and an N-terminal sorbin homology (SoHo) domain that interacts with lipid raft proteins. The subcellular localization of this protein in epithelial and cardiac muscle cells suggests that it functions as an adapter protein to assemble signaling complexes in stress fibers, and that it is a potential link between Abl family kinases and the actin cytoskeleton. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GAL3ST4 | galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase 4|This gene encodes a member of the galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase protein family. The product of this gene catalyzes sulfonation by transferring a sulfate to the C-3' position of galactose residues in O-linked glycoproteins. This enzyme is highly specific for core 1 structures, with asialofetuin, Gal-beta-1,3-GalNAc and Gal-beta-1,3 (GlcNAc-beta-1,6)GalNAc being good substrates. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PFDN4 | prefoldin subunit 4|This gene encodes a member of the prefoldin beta subunit family. The encoded protein is one of six subunits of prefoldin, a molecular chaperone complex that binds and stabilizes newly synthesized polypeptides, thereby allowing them to fold correctly. The complex, consisting of two alpha and four beta subunits, forms a double beta barrel assembly with six protruding coiled-coils. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SCARA3 | scavenger receptor class A, member 3|This gene encodes a macrophage scavenger receptor-like protein. This protein has been shown to deplete reactive oxygen species, and thus play an important role in protecting cells from oxidative stress. The expression of this gene is induced by oxidative stress. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COX5B | cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb|Cytochrome C oxidase (COX) is the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is a multi-subunit enzyme complex that couples the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen and contributes to a proton electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The complex consists of 13 mitochondrial- and nuclear-encoded subunits. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits perform the electron transfer and proton pumping activities. The functions of the nuclear-encoded subunits are unknown but they may play a role in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This gene encodes the nuclear-encoded subunit Vb of the human mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IL18RAP | interleukin 18 receptor accessory protein|The protein encoded by this gene is an accessory subunit of the heterodimeric receptor for interleukin 18 (IL18), a proinflammatory cytokine involved in inducing cell-mediated immunity. This protein enhances the IL18-binding activity of the IL18 receptor and plays a role in signaling by IL18. Mutations in this gene are associated with Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease, and susceptibility to celiac disease and leprosy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but their full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| SCARA5 | scavenger receptor class A, member 5| |
| ATG16L1 | autophagy related 16-like 1 (S. cerevisiae)|The protein encoded by this gene is part of a large protein complex that is necessary for autophagy, the major process by which intracellular components are targeted to lysosomes for degradation. Defects in this gene are a cause of susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease type 10 (IBD10). Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| ATG16L2 | autophagy related 16-like 2 (S. cerevisiae)| |
| PFDN6 | prefoldin subunit 6|PFDN6 is a subunit of the heteromeric prefoldin complex that chaperones nascent actin (see MIM 102560) and alpha- and beta-tubulin (see MIM 602529 and MIM 191130, respectively) chains pending their transfer to the cytosolic chaperonin containing TCP1 (MIM 186980) (CCT) complex (Hansen et al., 1999 [PubMed 10209023]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2010] |
| C3orf33 | chromosome 3 open reading frame 33| |
| ARHGDIG | Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) gamma|The GDP-dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) play a primary role in modulating the activation of GTPases by inhibiting the exchange of GDP for GTP. See ARHGDIB (MIM 602843).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| ARHGDIB | Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) beta|Members of the Rho (or ARH) protein family (see MIM 165390) and other Ras-related small GTP-binding proteins (see MIM 179520) are involved in diverse cellular events, including cell signaling, proliferation, cytoskeletal organization, and secretion. The GTP-binding proteins are active only in the GTP-bound state. At least 3 classes of proteins tightly regulate cycling between the GTP-bound and GDP-bound states: GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), guanine nucleotide-releasing factors (GRFs), and GDP-dissociation inhibitors (GDIs). The GDIs, including ARHGDIB, decrease the rate of GDP dissociation from Ras-like GTPases (summary by Scherle et al., 1993 [PubMed 8356058]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2010] |
| C3orf36 | chromosome 3 open reading frame 36| |
| ARHGDIA | Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) alpha|This gene encodes a protein that plays a key role in the regulation of signaling through Rho GTPases. The encoded protein inhibits the disassociation of Rho family members from GDP (guanine diphosphate), thereby maintaining these factors in an inactive state. Activity of this protein is important in a variety of cellular processes, and expression of this gene may be altered in tumors. Mutations in this gene have been found in individuals with nephrotic syndrome, type 8. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| NANP | N-acetylneuraminic acid phosphatase| |
| NANS | N-acetylneuraminic acid synthase|This gene encodes an enzyme that functions in the biosynthetic pathways of sialic acids. In vitro, the encoded protein uses N-acetylmannosamine 6-phosphate and mannose 6-phosphate as substrates to generate phosphorylated forms of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid (KDN), respectively; however, it exhibits much higher activity toward the Neu5Ac phosphate product. In insect cells, expression of this gene results in Neu5Ac and KDN production. This gene is related to the E. coli sialic acid synthase gene neuB, and it can partially restore sialic acid synthase activity in an E. coli neuB-negative mutant. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C3orf38 | chromosome 3 open reading frame 38| |
| USH1G | Usher syndrome 1G (autosomal recessive)|This gene encodes a protein that contains three ankyrin domains, a class I PDZ-binding motif and a sterile alpha motif. The encoded protein interacts with harmonin, which is associated with Usher syndrome type 1C. This protein plays a role in the development and maintenance of the auditory and visual systems and functions in the cohesion of hair bundles formed by inner ear sensory cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with Usher syndrome type 1G (USH1G). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| MATN1 | matrilin 1, cartilage matrix protein|This gene encodes a member of von Willebrand factor A domain containing protein family. This family of proteins are thought to be involved in the formation of filamentous networks in the extracellular matrices of various tissues. Mutations of this gene have been associated with variety of inherited chondrodysplasias. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MATN3 | matrilin 3|This gene encodes a member of von Willebrand factor A domain containing protein family. This family of proteins is thought to be involved in the formation of filamentous networks in the extracellular matrices of various tissues. This protein contains two von Willebrand factor A domains; it is present in the cartilage extracellular matrix and has a role in the development and homeostasis of cartilage and bone. Mutations in this gene result in multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MATN2 | matrilin 2|This gene encodes a member of the von Willebrand factor A domain containing protein family. This family of proteins is thought to be involved in the formation of filamentous networks in the extracellular matrices of various tissues. This protein contains five von Willebrand factor A domains. The specific function of this gene has not yet been determined. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MATN4 | matrilin 4|This gene encodes a member of von Willebrand factor A domain-containing protein family. The proteins of this family are thought to be involved in the formation of filamentous networks in the extracellular matrices of various tissues. This family member is thought to be play a role in reorganizing and regenerating the corneal matrix in granular and lattice type I dystrophies. It may also be involved in wound healing in the dentin-pulp complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| ENDOG | endonuclease G|The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear encoded endonuclease that is localized in the mitochondrion. The encoded protein is widely distributed among animals and cleaves DNA at GC tracts. This protein is capable of generating the RNA primers required by DNA polymerase gamma to initiate replication of mitochondrial DNA. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AP2S1 | adaptor-related protein complex 2, sigma 1 subunit|One of two major clathrin-associated adaptor complexes, AP-2, is a heterotetramer which is associated with the plasma membrane. This complex is composed of two large chains, a medium chain, and a small chain. This gene encodes the small chain of this complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| TANC2 | tetratricopeptide repeat, ankyrin repeat and coiled-coil containing 2| |
| CELF2 | CUGBP, Elav-like family member 2|Members of the CELF/BRUNOL protein family contain two N-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM) domains, one C-terminal RRM domain, and a divergent segment of 160-230 aa between the second and third RRM domains. Members of this protein family regulate pre-mRNA alternative splicing and may also be involved in mRNA editing, and translation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CES3 | carboxylesterase 3|This gene encodes a member of the carboxylesterase large family. The family members are responsible for the hydrolysis or transesterification of various xenobiotics, such as cocaine and heroin, and endogenous substrates with ester, thioester, or amide bonds. They may participate in fatty acyl and cholesterol ester metabolism, and may play a role in the blood-brain barrier system. This gene is expressed in several tissues, particularly in colon, trachea and in brain, and the protein participates in colon and neural drug metabolism. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported, but the biological validity and/or full-length nature of some variants have not been determined.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| CES2 | carboxylesterase 2|This gene encodes a member of the carboxylesterase large family. The family members are responsible for the hydrolysis or transesterification of various xenobiotics, such as cocaine and heroin, and endogenous substrates with ester, thioester, or amide bonds. They may participate in fatty acyl and cholesterol ester metabolism, and may play a role in the blood-brain barrier system. The protein encoded by this gene is the major intestinal enzyme and functions in intestine drug clearance. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| KBTBD13 | kelch repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 13|The gene belongs to a family of genes encoding proteins containing a BTB domain and several kelch repeats. The BTB domain functions as a protein-protein interaction module, which includes an ability to self-associate or to interact with non-BTB domain-containing proteins. The kelch motif typically occurs in groups of five to seven repeats, and has been found in proteins with diverse functions. Known functions of these family members include transcription regulation, ion channel tetramerization and gating, protein ubiquitination or degradation, and cytoskeleton regulation. The exact function of this family member has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| EBF2 | early B-cell factor 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the COE (Collier/Olf/EBF) family of non-basic, helix-loop-helix transcription factors that have a well conserved DNA binding domain. The COE family proteins play an important role in variety of developmental processes. Studies in mouse suggest that this gene may be involved in the differentiation of osteoblasts. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| KBTBD11 | kelch repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 11| |
| FFAR2 | free fatty acid receptor 2|This gene encodes a member of the GP40 family of G protein-coupled receptors that are clustered together on chromosome 19. The encoded protein is a receptor for short chain free fatty acids and may be involved in the inflammatory response and in regulating lipid plasma levels. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| UCP1 | uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)|Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCP) are members of the family of mitochondrial anion carrier proteins (MACP). UCPs separate oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis with energy dissipated as heat, also referred to as the mitochondrial proton leak. UCPs facilitate the transfer of anions from the inner to the outer mitochondrial membrane and the return transfer of protons from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane. They also reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential in mammalian cells. Tissue specificity occurs for the different UCPs and the exact methods of how UCPs transfer H+/OH- are not known. UCPs contain the three homologous protein domains of MACPs. This gene is expressed only in brown adipose tissue, a specialized tissue which functions to produce heat. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KDM8 | lysine (K)-specific demethylase 8|This gene likely encodes a histone lysine demethylase. Studies of a similar protein in mouse indicate a potential role for this protein as a tumor suppressor. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| HBA2 | hemoglobin, alpha 2|The human alpha globin gene cluster located on chromosome 16 spans about 30 kb and includes seven loci: 5'- zeta - pseudozeta - mu - pseudoalpha-1 - alpha-2 - alpha-1 - theta - 3'. The alpha-2 (HBA2) and alpha-1 (HBA1) coding sequences are identical. These genes differ slightly over the 5' untranslated regions and the introns, but they differ significantly over the 3' untranslated regions. Two alpha chains plus two beta chains constitute HbA, which in normal adult life comprises about 97% of the total hemoglobin; alpha chains combine with delta chains to constitute HbA-2, which with HbF (fetal hemoglobin) makes up the remaining 3% of adult hemoglobin. Alpha thalassemias result from deletions of each of the alpha genes as well as deletions of both HBA2 and HBA1; some nondeletion alpha thalassemias have also been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BDH2 | 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, type 2| |
| ENDOV | endonuclease V| |
| MDP1 | magnesium-dependent phosphatase 1| |
| BDH1 | 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, type 1|This gene encodes a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase gene family. The encoded protein forms a homotetrameric lipid-requiring enzyme of the mitochondrial membrane and has a specific requirement for phosphatidylcholine for optimal enzymatic activity. The encoded protein catalyzes the interconversion of acetoacetate and (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate, the two major ketone bodies produced during fatty acid catabolism. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DDX23 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 23|This gene encodes a member of the DEAD box protein family. DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure, such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the U5 snRNP complex; it may facilitate conformational changes in the spliceosome during nuclear pre-mRNA splicing. An alternatively spliced transcript variant has been found for this gene, but its biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DDX21 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box helicase 21|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein, which is an antigen recognized by autoimmune antibodies from a patient with watermelon stomach disease. This protein unwinds double-stranded RNA, folds single-stranded RNA, and may play important roles in ribosomal RNA biogenesis, RNA editing, RNA transport, and general transcription. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IL17RB | interleukin 17 receptor B|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine receptor. This receptor specifically binds to IL17B and IL17E, but does not bind to IL17 and IL17C. This receptor has been shown to mediate the activation of NF-kappaB and the production of IL8 induced by IL17E. The expression of the rat counterpart of this gene was found to be significantly up-regulated during intestinal inflammation, which suggested the immunoregulatory activity of this receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DDX27 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 27|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein, the function of which has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HAUS5 | HAUS augmin-like complex, subunit 5|HAUS5 is 1 of 8 subunits of the 390-kD human augmin complex, or HAUS complex. The augmin complex was first identified in Drosophila, and its name comes from the Latin verb 'augmentare,' meaning 'to increase.' The augmin complex is a microtubule-binding complex involved in microtubule generation within the mitotic spindle and is vital to mitotic spindle assembly (Goshima et al., 2008 [PubMed 18443220]; Uehara et al., 2009 [PubMed 19369198]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2010] |
| DDX25 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box helicase 25|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure, such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of the DEAD box protein family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a member of this family. The encoded protein is a gonadotropin-regulated and developmentally expressed testicular RNA helicase. It may serve to maintain testicular functions related to steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF155 | zinc finger protein 155| |
| GULP1 | GULP, engulfment adaptor PTB domain containing 1|The protein encoded by this gene is an adapter protein necessary for the engulfment of apoptotic cells by phagocytes. Several transcript variants, some protein coding and some thought not to be protein coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| IGDCC4 | immunoglobulin superfamily, DCC subclass, member 4| |
| DDX28 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 28|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure, such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of the DEAD box protein family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene is intronless. It encodes an RNA-dependent ATPase. The encoded protein is localized in the mitochondria and the nucleus, and can be transported between the mitochondria and the nucleus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CELF1 | CUGBP, Elav-like family member 1|Members of the CELF/BRUNOL protein family contain two N-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM) domains, one C-terminal RRM domain, and a divergent segment of 160-230 aa between the second and third RRM domains. Members of this protein family regulate pre-mRNA alternative splicing and may also be involved in mRNA editing, and translation. This gene may play a role in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) via interactions with the dystrophia myotonica-protein kinase (DMPK) gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IGSF5 | immunoglobulin superfamily, member 5| |
| ZNF90 | zinc finger protein 90| |
| ZNF91 | zinc finger protein 91|The ZNF91 gene encodes a zinc finger protein of the KRAB (Kruppel-associated box) subfamily (Bellefroid et al., 1991, 1993 [PubMed 2023909] [PubMed 8467795]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2010] |
| ZNF92 | zinc finger protein 92| |
| ZNF93 | zinc finger protein 93| |
| ZNF98 | zinc finger protein 98| |
| BAG5 | BCL2-associated athanogene 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the BAG1-related protein family. BAG1 is an anti-apoptotic protein that functions through interactions with a variety of cell apoptosis and growth related proteins including BCL-2, Raf-protein kinase, steroid hormone receptors, growth factor receptors and members of the heat shock protein 70 kDa family. This protein contains a BAG domain near the C-terminus, which could bind and inhibit the chaperone activity of Hsc70/Hsp70. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SAC3D1 | SAC3 domain containing 1| |
| FKBP14 | FK506 binding protein 14, 22 kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the FK506-binding protein family of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases. The encoded protein is found in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, where it is thought to accelerate protein folding. Defects in this gene are a cause of a type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). Both a protein-coding variant and noncoding variants are transcribed from this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| FKBP15 | FK506 binding protein 15, 133kDa| |
| RAET1E | retinoic acid early transcript 1E|This gene belong to the RAET1 family, which consists of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related genes located in a cluster on chromosome 6q24.2-q25.3. This and RAET1G protein differ from other RAET1 proteins in that they have type I membrane-spanning sequences at their C termini rather than glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor sequences. This protein functions as a ligand for NKG2D receptor, which is expressed on the surface of several types of immune cells, and is involved in innate and adaptive immune responses. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| UBE2J1 | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2, J1|The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. This enzyme is located in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and may contribute to quality control ER-associated degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UBE2J2 | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2, J2|The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. This enzyme is located in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been defined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAB3IP | RAB3A interacting protein| |
| TBX21 | T-box 21|This gene is a member of a phylogenetically conserved family of genes that share a common DNA-binding domain, the T-box. T-box genes encode transcription factors involved in the regulation of developmental processes. This gene is the human ortholog of mouse Tbx21/Tbet gene. Studies in mouse show that Tbx21 protein is a Th1 cell-specific transcription factor that controls the expression of the hallmark Th1 cytokine, interferon-gamma (IFNG). Expression of the human ortholog also correlates with IFNG expression in Th1 and natural killer cells, suggesting a role for this gene in initiating Th1 lineage development from naive Th precursor cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM3A | family with sequence similarity 3, member A|This gene encodes a cytokine-like protein. The expression of this gene may be regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and the encoded protein may be involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| FBXO10 | F-box protein 10|Members of the F-box protein family, such as FBXO10, are characterized by an approximately 40-amino acid F-box motif. SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases. F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains (Jin et al., 2004 [PubMed 15520277]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| FBXO11 | F-box protein 11|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbxs class. It can function as an arginine methyltransferase that symmetrically dimethylates arginine residues, and it acts as an adaptor protein to mediate the neddylation of p53, which leads to the suppression of p53 function. This gene is known to be down-regulated in melanocytes from patients with vitiligo, a skin disorder that results in depigmentation. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with chronic otitis media with effusion and recurrent otitis media (COME/ROM), a hearing loss disorder, and the knockout of the homologous mouse gene results in the deaf mouse mutant Jeff (Jf), a single gene model of otitis media. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| FBXO16 | F-box protein 16|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family, members of which are characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into three classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbx class. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| FBXO17 | F-box protein 17|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by the F-box motif. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of the ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbxs class and it contains an F-box domain. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| FBXO15 | F-box protein 15|Members of the F-box protein family, such as FBXO15, are characterized by an approximately 40-amino acid F-box motif. SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases. F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains (Jin et al., 2004 [PubMed 15520277]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PDPN | podoplanin|This gene encodes a type-I integral membrane glycoprotein with diverse distribution in human tissues. The physiological function of this protein may be related to its mucin-type character. The homologous protein in other species has been described as a differentiation antigen and influenza-virus receptor. The specific function of this protein has not been determined but it has been proposed as a marker of lung injury. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GGPS1 | geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 1|This gene is a member of the prenyltransferase family and encodes a protein with geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) synthase activity. The enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of GGPP from farnesyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate. GGPP is an important molecule responsible for the C20-prenylation of proteins and for the regulation of a nuclear hormone receptor. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, both protein-coding and non-protein-coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| GDNF | glial cell derived neurotrophic factor|This gene encodes a highly conserved neurotrophic factor. The recombinant form of this protein was shown to promote the survival and differentiation of dopaminergic neurons in culture, and was able to prevent apoptosis of motor neurons induced by axotomy. The encoded protein is processed to a mature secreted form that exists as a homodimer. The mature form of the protein is a ligand for the product of the RET (rearranged during transfection) protooncogene. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Mutations in this gene may be associated with Hirschsprung disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| NACA2 | nascent polypeptide-associated complex alpha subunit 2| |
| PRB3 | proline-rich protein BstNI subfamily 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a proline-rich salivary protein. It is a major constituent of parotid saliva. This protein is proposed to act as a bacterial receptor. This gene and five other genes that also encode salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs), as well as a gene encoding a lacrimal gland PRP, form a PRP gene cluster in the chromosomal 12p13 region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PROX1 | prospero homeobox 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the homeobox transcription factor family. Members of this family contain a homeobox domain that consists of a 60-amino acid helix-turn-helix structure that binds DNA and RNA. The protein encoded by this gene is conserved across vertebrates and may play an essential role during development. Altered levels of this protein have been reported in cancers of different organs, such as colon, brain, blood, breast, pancreas, liver and esophagus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| PARD6G | par-6 family cell polarity regulator gamma| |
| TRUB1 | TruB pseudouridine (psi) synthase family member 1|Pseudouridine is an abundant component of rRNAs and tRNAs and is enzymatically generated by isomerization of uridine by pseudouridine synthase (Zucchini et al., 2003 [PubMed 12736709]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CNGB3 | cyclic nucleotide gated channel beta 3|This gene encodes the beta subunit of a cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel. The encoded beta subunit appears to play a role in modulation of channel function in cone photoreceptors. This heterotetrameric channel is necessary for sensory transduction, and mutations in this gene have been associated with achromatopsia 3, progressive cone dystrophy, and juvenile macular degeneration, also known as Stargardt Disease. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| KCNF1 | potassium channel, voltage gated modifier subfamily F, member 1|Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, subfamily F. This gene is intronless and expressed in all tissues tested, including the heart, skeletal muscle, brain, kidney, and pancreas. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNPEPL1 | arginyl aminopeptidase (aminopeptidase B)-like 1| |
| PARD6A | par-6 family cell polarity regulator alpha|This gene is a member of the PAR6 family and encodes a protein with a PSD95/Discs-large/ZO1 (PDZ) domain and a semi-Cdc42/Rac interactive binding (CRIB) domain. This cell membrane protein is involved in asymmetrical cell division and cell polarization processes as a member of a multi-protein complex. The protein also has a role in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that characterizes the invasive phenotype associated with metastatic carcinomas. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF521 | zinc finger protein 521| |
| PLA2G6 | phospholipase A2, group VI (cytosolic, calcium-independent)|The protein encoded by this gene is an A2 phospholipase, a class of enzyme that catalyzes the release of fatty acids from phospholipids. The encoded protein may play a role in phospholipid remodelling, arachidonic acid release, leukotriene and prostaglandin synthesis, fas-mediated apoptosis, and transmembrane ion flux in glucose-stimulated B-cells. Several transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been described, but the full-length nature of only three of them have been determined to date. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| PLA2G7 | phospholipase A2, group VII (platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, plasma)|The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of platelet-activating factor to biologically inactive products. Defects in this gene are a cause of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase deficiency. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| PLA2G5 | phospholipase A2, group V|This gene is a member of the secretory phospholipase A2 family. It is located in a tightly-linked cluster of secretory phospholipase A2 genes on chromosome 1. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids to generate lysophospholipids and free fatty acids including arachidonic acid. It preferentially hydrolyzes linoleoyl-containing phosphatidylcholine substrates. Secretion of this enzyme is thought to induce inflammatory responses in neighboring cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, but their full-length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLA2G3 | phospholipase A2, group III|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the secreted phospholipase A2 family, whose members include the bee venom enzyme. The encoded enzyme functions in lipid metabolism and catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the sn-2 acyl bond of phospholipids to release arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids. This enzyme acts as a negative regulator of ciliogenesis, and may play a role in cancer development by stimulating tumor cell growth and angiogenesis. This gene is associated with oxidative stress, and polymorphisms in this gene are linked to risk for Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| GDPGP1 | GDP-D-glucose phosphorylase 1| |
| ATPAF2 | ATP synthase mitochondrial F1 complex assembly factor 2|This gene encodes an assembly factor for the F(1) component of the mitochondrial ATP synthase. This protein binds specifically to the F1 alpha subunit and is thought to prevent this subunit from forming nonproductive homooligomers during enzyme assembly. This gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. An alternatively spliced transcript variant has been described, but its biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRTAP1-1 | keratin associated protein 1-1|This protein is a member of the keratin-associated protein (KAP) family. The KAP proteins form a matrix of keratin intermediate filaments which contribute to the structure of hair fibers. KAP family members appear to have unique, family-specific amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions and are subdivided into three multi-gene families according to amino acid composition: the high sulfur, the ultrahigh sulfur, and the high tyrosine/glycine KAPs. This protein is a member of the high sulfur KAP family and the gene is localized to a cluster of KAPs at 17q12-q21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATPAF1 | ATP synthase mitochondrial F1 complex assembly factor 1|This gene encodes an assembly factor for the F(1) component of the mitochondrial ATP synthase. This protein binds specifically to the F1 beta subunit and is thought to prevent this subunit from forming nonproductive homooligomers during enzyme assembly. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| SHC1 | SHC (Src homology 2 domain containing) transforming protein 1|This gene encodes three main isoforms that differ in activities and subcellular location. While all three are adapter proteins in signal transduction pathways, the longest (p66Shc) may be involved in regulating life span and the effects of reactive oxygen species. The other two isoforms, p52Shc and p46Shc, link activated receptor tyrosine kinases to the Ras pathway by recruitment of the GRB2/SOS complex. p66Shc is not involved in Ras activation. Unlike the other two isoforms, p46Shc is targeted to the mitochondrial matrix. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| PEX26 | peroxisomal biogenesis factor 26|This gene belongs to the peroxin-26 gene family. It is probably required for protein import into peroxisomes. It anchors PEX1 and PEX6 to peroxisome membranes, possibly to form heteromeric AAA ATPase complexes required for the import of proteins into peroxisomes. Defects in this gene are the cause of peroxisome biogenesis disorder complementation group 8 (PBD-CG8). PBD refers to a group of peroxisomal disorders arising from a failure of protein import into the peroxisomal membrane or matrix. The PBD group is comprised of four disorders: Zellweger syndrome (ZWS), neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD), infantile Refsum disease (IRD), and classical rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| CCDC71 | coiled-coil domain containing 71| |
| FPR1 | formyl peptide receptor 1|This gene encodes a G protein-coupled receptor of mammalian phagocytic cells that is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. The protein mediates the response of phagocytic cells to invasion of the host by microorganisms and is important in host defense and inflammation.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| GALNT5 | polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 5| |
| FPR3 | formyl peptide receptor 3| |
| CGRRF1 | cell growth regulator with ring finger domain 1| |
| TMEM109 | transmembrane protein 109| |
| TMEM108 | transmembrane protein 108| |
| NACAD | NAC alpha domain containing| |
| HOPX | HOP homeobox|The protein encoded by this gene is a homeodomain protein that lacks certain conserved residues required for DNA binding. It was reported that choriocarcinoma cell lines and tissues failed to express this gene, which suggested the possible involvement of this gene in malignant conversion of placental trophoblasts. Studies in mice suggest that this protein may interact with serum response factor (SRF) and modulate SRF-dependent cardiac-specific gene expression and cardiac development. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| GFI1B | growth factor independent 1B transcription repressor|This gene encodes a zinc-finger containing transcriptional regulator that is primarily expressed in cells of hematopoietic lineage. The encoded protein complexes with numerous other transcriptional regulatory proteins including GATA-1, runt-related transcription factor 1 and histone deacetylases to control expression of genes involved in the development and maturation of erythrocytes and megakaryocytes. Mutations in this gene are the cause of the autosomal dominant platelet disorder, platelet-type bleeding disorder-17. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014] |
| TMEM102 | transmembrane protein 102| |
| TMEM101 | transmembrane protein 101| |
| TMEM100 | transmembrane protein 100| |
| TMEM107 | transmembrane protein 107| |
| TMEM104 | transmembrane protein 104| |
| ELL | elongation factor RNA polymerase II| |
| BRK1 | BRICK1, SCAR/WAVE actin-nucleating complex subunit| |
| GHITM | growth hormone inducible transmembrane protein| |
| SMPDL3A | sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, acid-like 3A| |
| IGKV1-5 | immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-5| |
| CSHL1 | chorionic somatomammotropin hormone-like 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family of hormones which play an important role in growth control. The gene, along with four other related genes, is located at the growth hormone locus on chromosome 17 where they are interspersed in the same transcriptional orientation; an arrangement which is thought to have evolved by a series of gene duplications. Although the five genes share a remarkably high degree of sequence identity, they are expressed selectively in different tissues. This particular family member is expressed in placental villi, although it was originally thought to be a pseudogene. In fact, alternative splicing suggests that the majority of the transcripts would be unable to express a secreted protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NPPC | natriuretic peptide C|The protein encoded by this gene is proteolytically processed to form a secreted hormone of the natriuretic peptide family. The encoded hormone regulates the growth and differentiation of cartilaginous growth plate chondrocytes and may also be vasoactive and natriuretic. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| SPEN | spen family transcriptional repressor|This gene encodes a hormone inducible transcriptional repressor. Repression of transcription by this gene product can occur through interactions with other repressors, by the recruitment of proteins involved in histone deacetylation, or through sequestration of transcriptional activators. The product of this gene contains a carboxy-terminal domain that permits binding to other corepressor proteins. This domain also permits interaction with members of the NuRD complex, a nucleosome remodeling protein complex that contains deacetylase activity. In addition, this repressor contains several RNA recognition motifs that confer binding to a steroid receptor RNA coactivator; this binding can modulate the activity of both liganded and nonliganded steroid receptors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZCWPW2 | zinc finger, CW type with PWWP domain 2| |
| ZCWPW1 | zinc finger, CW type with PWWP domain 1| |
| FKBP1B | FK506 binding protein 1B, 12.6 kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunophilin protein family, which play a role in immunoregulation and basic cellular processes involving protein folding and trafficking. This encoded protein is a cis-trans prolyl isomerase that binds the immunosuppressants FK506 and rapamycin. It is highly similar to the FK506-binding protein 1A. Its physiological role is thought to be in excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle. There are two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunophilin protein family, which play a role in immunoregulation and basic cellular processes involving protein folding and trafficking. The protein is a cis-trans prolyl isomerase that binds the immunosuppressants FK506 and rapamycin. It interacts with several intracellular signal transduction proteins including type I TGF-beta receptor. It also interacts with multiple intracellular calcium release channels, and coordinates multi-protein complex formation of the tetrameric skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor. In mouse, deletion of this homologous gene causes congenital heart disorder known as noncompaction of left ventricular myocardium. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. The human genome contains five pseudogenes related to this gene, at least one of which is transcribed. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| SPEG | SPEG complex locus|This gene encodes a protein with similarity to members of the myosin light chain kinase family. This protein family is required for myocyte cytoskeletal development. Studies in mouse have determined that a lack of this protein affected myocardial development. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been reported for this gene, but the full-length nature of only two variants that encode different protein isoforms has been defined. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| RNH1 | ribonuclease/angiogenin inhibitor 1|Placental ribonuclease inhibitor (PRI) is a member of a family of proteinaceous cytoplasmic RNase inhibitors that occur in many tissues and bind to both intracellular and extracellular RNases (summarized by Lee et al., 1988 [PubMed 3219362]). In addition to control of intracellular RNases, the inhibitor may have a role in the regulation of angiogenin (MIM 105850). Ribonuclease inhibitor, of 50,000 Da, binds to ribonucleases and holds them in a latent form. Since neutral and alkaline ribonucleases probably play a critical role in the turnover of RNA in eukaryotic cells, RNH may be essential for control of mRNA turnover; the interaction of eukaryotic cells with ribonuclease may be reversible in vivo.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2010] |
| PAIP2 | poly(A) binding protein interacting protein 2| |
| CGN | cingulin| |
| PAIP1 | poly(A) binding protein interacting protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene interacts with poly(A)-binding protein and with the cap-binding complex eIF4A. It is involved in translational initiation and protein biosynthesis. Overexpression of this gene in COS7 cells stimulates translation. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and three transcript variants encoding three distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COIL | coilin|The protein encoded by this gene is an integral component of Cajal bodies (also called coiled bodies). Cajal bodies are nuclear suborganelles of varying number and composition that are involved in the post-transcriptional modification of small nuclear and small nucleolar RNAs. The N-terminus of the coilin protein directs its self-oligomerization while the C-terminus influences the number of nuclear bodies assembled per cell. Differential methylation and phosphorylation of coilin likely influences its localization among nuclear bodies and the composition and assembly of Cajal bodies. This gene has pseudogenes on chromosome 4 and chromosome 14. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FBLIM1 | filamin binding LIM protein 1|This gene encodes a protein with an N-terminal filamin-binding domain, a central proline-rich domain, and, multiple C-terminal LIM domains. This protein localizes at cell junctions and may link cell adhesion structures to the actin cytoskeleton. This protein may be involved in the assembly and stabilization of actin-filaments and likely plays a role in modulating cell adhesion, cell morphology and cell motility. This protein also localizes to the nucleus and may affect cardiomyocyte differentiation after binding with the CSX/NKX2-5 transcription factor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TIMM8A | translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8 homolog A (yeast)|This translocase is involved in the import and insertion of hydrophobic membrane proteins from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial inner membrane. The gene is mutated in Mohr-Tranebjaerg syndrome/Deafness Dystonia Syndrome (MTS/DDS) and it is postulated that MTS/DDS is a mitochondrial disease caused by a defective mitochondrial protein import system. Defects in this gene also cause Jensen syndrome; an X-linked disease with opticoacoustic nerve atrophy and muscle weakness. This protein, along with TIMM13, forms a 70 kDa heterohexamer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| TIMM8B | translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8 homolog B (yeast)|This gene encodes a member of a well-conserved family of proteins with similarity to yeast Tim mitochondrial import proteins. This gene is encoded by a nuclear gene and is transported into the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion. When formed into complexes, these proteins guide membrane-spanning proteins across the mitochondrial intermembrane space before they are added into the mitochondrial inner membrane. This gene is adjacent to succinate dehydrogenase, subunit D (SDHD), in which mutations have been found in affected members of families with hereditary paraganglioma.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| DAXX | death-domain associated protein|This gene encodes a multifunctional protein that resides in multiple locations in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. It interacts with a wide variety of proteins, such as apoptosis antigen Fas, centromere protein C, and transcription factor erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1. In the nucleus, the encoded protein functions as a potent transcription repressor that binds to sumoylated transcription factors. Its repression can be relieved by the sequestration of this protein into promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies or nucleoli. This protein also associates with centromeres in G2 phase. In the cytoplasm, the encoded protein may function to regulate apoptosis. The subcellular localization and function of this protein are modulated by post-translational modifications, including sumoylation, phosphorylation and polyubiquitination. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| FUBP1 | far upstream element (FUSE) binding protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a single stranded DNA-binding protein that binds to multiple DNA elements, including the far upstream element (FUSE) located upstream of c-myc. Binding to FUSE occurs on the non-coding strand, and is important to the regulation of c-myc in undifferentiated cells. This protein contains three domains, an amphipathic helix N-terminal domain, a DNA-binding central domain, and a C-terminal transactivation domain that contains three tyrosine-rich motifs. The N-terminal domain is thought to repress the activity of the C-terminal domain. This protein is also thought to bind RNA, and contains 3'-5' helicase activity with in vitro activity on both DNA-DNA and RNA-RNA duplexes. Aberrant expression of this gene has been found in malignant tissues, and this gene is important to neural system and lung development. Binding of this protein to viral RNA is thought to play a role in several viral diseases, including hepatitis C and hand, foot and mouth disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| MET | MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase|The proto-oncogene MET product is the hepatocyte growth factor receptor and encodes tyrosine-kinase activity. The primary single chain precursor protein is post-translationally cleaved to produce the alpha and beta subunits, which are disulfide linked to form the mature receptor. Various mutations in the MET gene are associated with papillary renal carcinoma. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NT5C | 5', 3'-nucleotidase, cytosolic|This gene encodes a nucleotidase that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of the 5' deoxyribonucleotides (dNTP) and 2'(3')-dNTP and ribonucleotides, but not 5' ribonucleotides. Of the different forms of nucleotidases characterized, this enzyme is unique in its preference for 5'-dNTP. It may be one of the enzymes involved in regulating the size of dNTP pools in cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| NT5E | 5'-nucleotidase, ecto (CD73)|The protein encoded by this gene is a plasma membrane protein that catalyzes the conversion of extracellular nucleotides to membrane-permeable nucleosides. The encoded protein is used as a determinant of lymphocyte differentiation. Defects in this gene can lead to the calcification of joints and arteries. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| LGALS9C | lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9C|This gene was initially thought to represent a pseudogene of galectin 9; however, this transcript has good exon-intron structure and encodes a predicted protein of the same size as and highly similar to galectin 9. This gene is one of two similar loci on chromosome 17p similar to galectin 9 and now thought to be protein-encoding. This gene is the more telomeric gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UNC50 | unc-50 homolog (C. elegans)| |
| MAP1A | microtubule-associated protein 1A|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the microtubule-associated protein family. The proteins of this family are thought to be involved in microtubule assembly, which is an essential step in neurogenesis. The product of this gene is a precursor polypeptide that presumably undergoes proteolytic processing to generate the final MAP1A heavy chain and LC2 light chain. Expression of this gene is almost exclusively in the brain. Studies of the rat microtubule-associated protein 1A gene suggested a role in early events of spinal cord development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAP1B | microtubule-associated protein 1B|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the microtubule-associated protein family. The proteins of this family are thought to be involved in microtubule assembly, which is an essential step in neurogenesis. The product of this gene is a precursor polypeptide that presumably undergoes proteolytic processing to generate the final MAP1B heavy chain and LC1 light chain. Gene knockout studies of the mouse microtubule-associated protein 1B gene suggested an important role in development and function of the nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PDCL2 | phosducin-like 2|This gene encodes a member of the phosducin-like protein family and is a putative modulator of heterotrimeric G proteins. The protein shares extensive amino acid sequence homology with phosducin. Members of the phosducin-like protein family have been shown to bind to the beta-gamma subunits of G proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PDCL3 | phosducin-like 3|This gene encodes a member of the phosducin-like protein family and is a putative modulator of heterotrimeric G proteins. The protein shares extensive amino acid sequence homology with phosducin. Members of the phosducin-like protein family have been shown to bind to the beta-gamma subunits of G proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GNAI1 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 1|Guanine nucleotide binding proteins are heterotrimeric signal-transducing molecules consisting of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. The alpha subunit binds guanine nucleotide, can hydrolyze GTP, and can interact with other proteins. The protein encoded by this gene represents the alpha subunit of an inhibitory complex. The encoded protein is part of a complex that responds to beta-adrenergic signals by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| UNC5B | unc-5 homolog B (C. elegans)|This gene encodes a member of the netrin family of receptors. This particular protein mediates the repulsive effect of netrin-1 and is a vascular netrin receptor. This encoded protein is also in a group of proteins called dependence receptors (DpRs) which are involved in pro- and anti-apoptotic processes. Many DpRs are involved in embryogenesis and in cancer progression. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| UNC5C | unc-5 homolog C (C. elegans)|This gene product belongs to the UNC-5 family of netrin receptors. Netrins are secreted proteins that direct axon extension and cell migration during neural development. They are bifunctional proteins that act as attractants for some cell types and as repellents for others, and these opposite actions are thought to be mediated by two classes of receptors. The UNC-5 family of receptors mediate the repellent response to netrin; they are transmembrane proteins containing 2 immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains and 2 type I thrombospondin motifs in the extracellular region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VGF | VGF nerve growth factor inducible|This gene is specifically expressed in a subpopulation of neuroendocrine cells, and is upregulated by nerve growth factor. The structural organization of this gene is similar to that of the rat gene, and both the translated and the untranslated regions show a high degree of sequence similarity to the rat gene. The encoded secretory protein also shares similarities with the secretogranin/chromogranin family, however, its exact function is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LBX1 | ladybird homeobox 1|This gene and the orthologous mouse gene were found by their homology to the Drosophila lady bird early and late homeobox genes. In the mouse, this gene is a key regulator of muscle precursor cell migration and is required for the acquisition of dorsal identities of forelimb muscles. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UNC5D | unc-5 homolog D (C. elegans)| |
| CCM2 | cerebral cavernous malformation 2|This gene encodes a scaffold protein that functions in the stress-activated p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade. The protein interacts with SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (also known as SMURF1) via a phosphotyrosine binding domain to promote RhoA degradation. The protein is required for normal cytoskeletal structure, cell-cell interactions, and lumen formation in endothelial cells. Mutations in this gene result in cerebral cavernous malformations. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| GJD4 | gap junction protein, delta 4, 40.1kDa|Connexins, such as GJD4, are involved in the formation of gap junctions, intercellular conduits that directly connect the cytoplasms of contacting cells. Each gap junction channel is formed by docking of 2 hemichannels, each of which contains 6 connexin subunits (Sohl et al., 2003 [PubMed 12881038]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MAP1S | microtubule-associated protein 1S| |
| FRMD8 | FERM domain containing 8| |
| CCP110 | centriolar coiled coil protein 110kDa| |
| FRMD5 | FERM domain containing 5| |
| FRMD6 | FERM domain containing 6| |
| PLCD4 | phospholipase C, delta 4|This gene encodes a member of the delta class of phospholipase C enzymes. Phospholipase C enzymes play a critical role in many cellular processes by hydrolyzing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate into two intracellular second messengers, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. Expression of this gene may be a marker for cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| PKNOX1 | PBX/knotted 1 homeobox 1| |
| PKNOX2 | PBX/knotted 1 homeobox 2|Homeodomain proteins are sequence-specific transcription factors that share a highly conserved DNA-binding domain and play fundamental roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. PKNOX2 belongs to the TALE (3-amino acid loop extension) class of homeodomain proteins characterized by a 3-amino acid extension between alpha helices 1 and 2 within the homeodomain (Imoto et al., 2001 [PubMed 11549286]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009] |
| FRMD3 | FERM domain containing 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a single pass membrane protein primarily found in ovaries. A similar protein in erythrocytes helps determine the shape of red blood cells, but the function of the encoded protein has not been determined. There is some evidence that this is a tumor suppressor gene, and there is also evidence linking defects in this gene to susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| GNAQ | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), q polypeptide|This locus encodes a guanine nucleotide-binding protein. The encoded protein, an alpha subunit in the Gq class, couples a seven-transmembrane domain receptor to activation of phospolipase C-beta. Mutations at this locus have been associated with problems in platelet activation and aggregation. A related pseudogene exists on chromosome 2.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| UBA7 | ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 7|The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme family. The encoded enzyme is a retinoid target that triggers promyelocytic leukemia (PML)/retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) degradation and apoptosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia, where it is involved in the conjugation of the ubiquitin-like interferon-stimulated gene 15 protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MED13L | mediator complex subunit 13-like|The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the Mediator complex, a large complex of proteins that functions as a transcriptional coactivator for most RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes. The encoded protein is involved in early development of the heart and brain. Defects in this gene are a cause of transposition of the great arteries, dextro-looped (DTGA).[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| PTCD2 | pentatricopeptide repeat domain 2| |
| PTCD3 | pentatricopeptide repeat domain 3| |
| DSCR3 | Down syndrome critical region 3|The region of chromosome 21 between genes CBR and ERG (CBR-ERG region), which spans 2.5 Mb on 21q22.2, has been defined by analysis of patients with partial trisomy 21. It contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of many characteristics of Down syndrome, including morphological features, hypotonia, and mental retardation. The DSCR3 (Down syndrome critical region gene 3) gene is found in this region and is predictated to contain eight exons. DSCR3 is expressed in most tissues examined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PTCD1 | pentatricopeptide repeat domain 1| |
| GNAL | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha activating activity polypeptide, olfactory type|This gene encodes a stimulatory G protein alpha subunit which mediates odorant signaling in the olfactory epithelium. This protein couples dopamine type 1 receptors and adenosine A2A receptors and is widely expressed in the central nervous system. Mutations in this gene have been associated with dystonia 25 and this gene is located in a susceptibility region for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| HLTF | helicase-like transcription factor|This gene encodes a member of the SWI/SNF family. Members of this family have helicase and ATPase activities and are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein contains a RING finger DNA binding motif. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. However, use of an alternative translation start site produces an isoform that is truncated at the N-terminus compared to the full-length protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AGFG2 | ArfGAP with FG repeats 2|This gene is a member of the HIV-1 Rev binding protein (HRB) family and encodes a protein with one Arf-GAP zinc finger domain, several phe-gly (FG) motifs, and four asn-pro-phe (NPF) motifs. This protein interacts with Eps15 homology (EH) domains and plays a role in the Rev export pathway, which mediates the nucleocytoplasmic transfer of proteins and RNAs. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013] |
| CYP26C1 | cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily C, polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This enzyme is involved in the catabolism of all-trans- and 9-cis-retinoic acid, and thus contributes to the regulation of retinoic acid levels in cells and tissues. This gene is adjacent to a related gene on chromosome 10q23.33. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DPF2 | D4, zinc and double PHD fingers family 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the d4 domain family, characterized by a zinc finger-like structural motif. This protein functions as a transcription factor which is necessary for the apoptotic response following deprivation of survival factors. It likely serves a regulatory role in rapid hematopoietic cell growth and turnover. This gene is considered a candidate gene for multiple endocrine neoplasia type I, an inherited cancer syndrome involving multiple parathyroid, enteropancreatic, and pituitary tumors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DPF3 | D4, zinc and double PHD fingers, family 3|This gene encodes a member of the D4 protein family. The encoded protein is a transcription regulator that binds acetylated histones and is a component of the BAF chromatin remodeling complex. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| DPF1 | D4, zinc and double PHD fingers family 1| |
| ASNA1 | arsA arsenite transporter, ATP-binding, homolog 1 (bacterial)|This gene represents the human homolog of the bacterial arsA gene, encoding the arsenite-stimulated ATPase component of the arsenite transporter responsible for resistance to arsenicals. This protein is also a central component of a transmembrane domain (TMD) recognition complex (TRC) that is involved in the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored (TA) proteins from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It recognizes and selectively binds the TMD of TA proteins in the cytosol, and delivers them to the ER for insertion. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| CLPX | caseinolytic mitochondrial matrix peptidase chaperone subunit| |
| CRYGS | crystallin, gamma S|Crystallins are separated into two classes: taxon-specific, or enzyme, and ubiquitous. The latter class constitutes the major proteins of vertebrate eye lens and maintains the transparency and refractive index of the lens. Since lens central fiber cells lose their nuclei during development, these crystallins are made and then retained throughout life, making them extremely stable proteins. Mammalian lens crystallins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma families; beta and gamma crystallins are also considered as a superfamily. Alpha and beta families are further divided into acidic and basic groups. Seven protein regions exist in crystallins: four homologous motifs, a connecting peptide, and N- and C-terminal extensions. Gamma-crystallins are a homogeneous group of highly symmetrical, monomeric proteins typically lacking connecting peptides and terminal extensions. They are differentially regulated after early development. This gene encodes a protein initially considered to be a beta-crystallin but the encoded protein is monomeric and has greater sequence similarity to other gamma-crystallins. This gene encodes the most significant gamma-crystallin in adult eye lens tissue. Whether due to aging or mutations in specific genes, gamma-crystallins have been involved in cataract formation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPL18A | ribosomal protein L18a|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a member of the L18AE family of ribosomal proteins that is a component of the 60S subunit. The encoded protein may play a role in viral replication by interacting with the hepatitis C virus internal ribosome entry site (IRES). This gene is co-transcribed with the U68 snoRNA, located within the third intron. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed throughout the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| SIX1 | SIX homeobox 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a homeobox protein that is similar to the Drosophila 'sine oculis' gene product. This gene is found in a cluster of related genes on chromosome 14 and is thought to be involved in limb development. Defects in this gene are a cause of autosomal dominant deafness type 23 (DFNA23) and branchiootic syndrome type 3 (BOS3). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRT3 | keratin 3, type II|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. This type II cytokeratin is specifically expressed in the corneal epithelium with family member KRT12 and mutations in these genes have been associated with Meesmann's Corneal Dystrophy. The type II cytokeratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q12-q13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRT2 | keratin 2, type II|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. This type II cytokeratin is expressed largely in the upper spinous layer of epidermal keratinocytes and mutations in this gene have been associated with bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. The type II cytokeratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q12-q13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRT1 | keratin 1, type II|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. This type II cytokeratin is specifically expressed in the spinous and granular layers of the epidermis with family member KRT10 and mutations in these genes have been associated with bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. The type II cytokeratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q12-q13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRT7 | keratin 7, type II|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. This type II cytokeratin is specifically expressed in the simple epithelia lining the cavities of the internal organs and in the gland ducts and blood vessels. The genes encoding the type II cytokeratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q12-q13. Alternative splicing may result in several transcript variants; however, not all variants have been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRT5 | keratin 5, type II|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. This type II cytokeratin is specifically expressed in the basal layer of the epidermis with family member KRT14. Mutations in these genes have been associated with a complex of diseases termed epidermolysis bullosa simplex. The type II cytokeratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q12-q13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRT4 | keratin 4, type II|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. This type II cytokeratin is specifically expressed in differentiated layers of the mucosal and esophageal epithelia with family member KRT13. Mutations in these genes have been associated with White Sponge Nevus, characterized by oral, esophageal, and anal leukoplakia. The type II cytokeratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q12-q13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CEND1 | cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a neuron-specific protein. The similar protein in pig enhances neuroblastoma cell differentiation in vitro and may be involved in neuronal differentiation in vivo. Multiple pseudogenes have been reported for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRT8 | keratin 8, type II|This gene is a member of the type II keratin family clustered on the long arm of chromosome 12. Type I and type II keratins heteropolymerize to form intermediate-sized filaments in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. The product of this gene typically dimerizes with keratin 18 to form an intermediate filament in simple single-layered epithelial cells. This protein plays a role in maintaining cellular structural integrity and also functions in signal transduction and cellular differentiation. Mutations in this gene cause cryptogenic cirrhosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| DACT1 | dishevelled-binding antagonist of beta-catenin 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the dapper family, characterized by the presence of PDZ-binding motif at the C-terminus. It interacts with, and positively regulates dishevelled-mediated signaling pathways during development. Depletion of this mRNA from xenopus embryos resulted in loss of notochord and head structures, and mice lacking this gene died shortly after birth from severe posterior malformations. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| DACT3 | dishevelled-binding antagonist of beta-catenin 3| |
| ZNF383 | zinc finger protein 383| |
| VPS45 | vacuolar protein sorting 45 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|Vesicle mediated protein sorting plays an important role in segregation of intracellular molecules into distinct organelles. Genetic studies in yeast have identified more than 40 vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) genes involved in vesicle transport to vacuoles. This gene is a member of the Sec1 domain family, and shows a high degree of sequence similarity to mouse, rat and yeast Vps45. The exact function of this gene is not known, but its high expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells suggests a role in trafficking proteins, including inflammatory mediators. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| RRNAD1 | ribosomal RNA adenine dimethylase domain containing 1| |
| VPS41 | vacuolar protein sorting 41 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|Vesicle mediated protein sorting plays an important role in segregation of intracellular molecules into distinct organelles. Genetic studies in yeast have identified more than 40 vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) genes involved in vesicle transport to vacuoles. This gene encodes the human ortholog of yeast Vps41 protein which is also conserved in Drosophila, tomato, and Arabidopsis. Expression studies in yeast and human indicate that this protein may be involved in the formation and fusion of transport vesicles from the Golgi. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene, however, the full-length nature of not all is known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BCAP29 | B-cell receptor-associated protein 29| |
| TMCC1 | transmembrane and coiled-coil domain family 1| |
| TMCC2 | transmembrane and coiled-coil domain family 2| |
| TMCC3 | transmembrane and coiled-coil domain family 3| |
| SDR42E1 | short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 42E, member 1| |
| NMNAT2 | nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyltransferase 2|This gene product belongs to the nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT) enzyme family, members of which catalyze an essential step in NAD (NADP) biosynthetic pathway. Unlike the other human family member, which is localized to the nucleus, and is ubiquitously expressed; this enzyme is cytoplasmic, and is predominantly expressed in the brain. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NMNAT1 | nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyltransferase 1|This gene encodes an enzyme which catalyzes a key step in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The encoded enzyme is one of several nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyltransferases, and is specifically localized to the cell nucleus. Activity of this protein leads to the activation of a nuclear deacetylase that functions in the protection of damaged neurons. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Leber congenital amaurosis 9. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 14, and 15. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| ALOX12B | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12R type|This gene encodes an enzyme involved in the converstion of arachidonic acid to 12R-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Mutations in this gene are associated with nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FOXG1 | forkhead box G1|This locus encodes a member of the forked-head transcription factor family. The encoded protein, which functions as a repressor, may play a role in brain development. Mutations at this locus have been associated with Rett syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| RPL36A | ribosomal protein L36a|Cytoplasmic ribosomes, organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein, which shares sequence similarity with yeast ribosomal protein L44, belongs to the L44E (L36AE) family of ribosomal proteins. Although this gene has been referred to as ribosomal protein L44 (RPL44), its official name is ribosomal protein L36a (RPL36A). This gene and the human gene officially named ribosomal protein L36a-like (RPL36AL) encode nearly identical proteins; however, they are distinct genes. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. Naturally occurring read-through transcription occurs between this locus and the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H2 (H') gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| PPCDC | phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase|Biosynthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) from pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is an essential universal pathway in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. PPCDC (EC 4.1.1.36), one of the last enzymes in this pathway, converts phosphopantothenoylcysteine to 4-prime-phosphopantetheine (Daugherty et al., 2002 [PubMed 11923312]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| EPB41L3 | erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 3| |
| EPB41L2 | erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 2| |
| EPB41L5 | erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 like 5| |
| MTM1 | myotubularin 1|This gene encodes a dual-specificity phosphatase that acts on both phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine. It is required for muscle cell differentiation and mutations in this gene have been identified as being responsible for X-linked myotubular myopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACSS3 | acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 3| |
| RUNDC3B | RUN domain containing 3B| |
| ACSS1 | acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 1|This gene encodes a mitochondrial acetyl-CoA synthetase enzyme. A similar protein in mice plays an important role in the tricarboxylic acid cycle by catalyzing the conversion of acetate to acetyl CoA. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| KIDINS220 | kinase D-interacting substrate, 220kDa| |
| RHOXF2 | Rhox homeobox family, member 2| |
| PLEKHM1 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family M (with RUN domain) member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is essential for bone resorption, and may play a critical role in vesicular transport in the osteoclast. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive osteopetrosis type 6 (OPTB6). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| PLEKHM2 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family M (with RUN domain) member 2| |
| PLEKHM3 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family M, member 3| |
| VPS4A | vacuolar protein sorting 4 homolog A (S. cerevisiae)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the AAA protein family (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities), and is the homolog of the yeast Vps4 protein. In humans, two paralogs of the yeast protein have been identified. The former share a high degree of aa sequence similarity with each other, and also with yeast Vps4 and mouse Skd1 proteins. The mouse Skd1 (suppressor of K+ transport defect 1) has been shown to be really an yeast Vps4 ortholog. Functional studies indicate that both human paralogs associate with the endosomal compartments, and are involved in intracellular protein trafficking, similar to Vps4 protein in yeast. The gene encoding this paralog has been mapped to chromosome 16; the gene for the other resides on chromosome 18. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VPS4B | vacuolar protein sorting 4 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the AAA protein family (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities), and is the homolog of the yeast Vps4 protein. In humans, two paralogs of the yeast protein have been identified. The former share a high degree of aa sequence similarity with each other, and also with yeast Vps4 and mouse Skd1 proteins. Mouse Skd1 (suppressor of K+ transport defect 1) has been shown to be a yeast Vps4 ortholog. Functional studies indicate that both human paralogs associate with the endosomal compartments, and are involved in intracellular protein trafficking, similar to Vps4 protein in yeast. The gene encoding this paralog has been mapped to chromosome 18; the gene for the other resides on chromosome 16. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GMEB2 | glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein 2|This gene is a member of KDWK gene family. The product of this gene associates with GMEB1 protein, and the complex is essential for parvovirus DNA replication. Study of rat homolog implicates the role of this gene in modulation of transactivation by the glucocorticoid receptor bound to glucocorticoid response elements. This gene appears to use multiple polyadenylation sites. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM72D | family with sequence similarity 72, member D| |
| SLC43A3 | solute carrier family 43, member 3| |
| FAM72B | family with sequence similarity 72, member B| |
| FAM72A | family with sequence similarity 72, member A| |
| DCAF13 | DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 13| |
| DFNA5 | deafness, autosomal dominant 5|Hearing impairment is a heterogeneous condition with over 40 loci described. The protein encoded by this gene is expressed in fetal cochlea, however, its function is not known. Nonsyndromic hearing impairment is associated with a mutation in this gene. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAGEH1 | melanoma antigen family H1|This gene belongs to the non-CT (non cancer/testis) subgroup of the melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) superfamily. The encoded protein is likely associated with apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, growth inhibition or cell differentiation. The protein may be involved in the atRA (all-trans retinoic acid) signaling through the STAT1-alpha (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha) pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| RRP36 | ribosomal RNA processing 36 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|RRP36 functions at an early stage in the processing of 35S preribosomal RNA into the mature 18S species (Gerus et al., 2010 [PubMed 20038530]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2010] |
| VHL | von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL) is a dominantly inherited familial cancer syndrome predisposing to a variety of malignant and benign tumors. A germline mutation of this gene is the basis of familial inheritance of VHL syndrome. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the protein complex that includes elongin B, elongin C, and cullin-2, and possesses ubiquitin ligase E3 activity. This protein is involved in the ubiquitination and degradation of hypoxia-inducible-factor (HIF), which is a transcription factor that plays a central role in the regulation of gene expression by oxygen. RNA polymerase II subunit POLR2G/RPB7 is also reported to be a target of this protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WNT3 | wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 3|The WNT gene family consists of structurally related genes which encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. This gene is a member of the WNT gene family. It encodes a protein which shows 98% amino acid identity to mouse Wnt3 protein, and 84% to human WNT3A protein, another WNT gene product. The mouse studies show the requirement of Wnt3 in primary axis formation in the mouse. Studies of the gene expression suggest that this gene may play a key role in some cases of human breast, rectal, lung, and gastric cancer through activation of the WNT-beta-catenin-TCF signaling pathway. This gene is clustered with WNT15, another family member, in the chromosome 17q21 region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WNT2 | wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 2|This gene is a member of the WNT gene family. The WNT gene family consists of structurally related genes which encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WNT1 | wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1|The WNT gene family consists of structurally related genes which encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. This gene is a member of the WNT gene family. It is very conserved in evolution, and the protein encoded by this gene is known to be 98% identical to the mouse Wnt1 protein at the amino acid level. The studies in mouse indicate that the Wnt1 protein functions in the induction of the mesencephalon and cerebellum. This gene was originally considered as a candidate gene for Joubert syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder with cerebellar hypoplasia as a leading feature. However, further studies suggested that the gene mutations might not have a significant role in Joubert syndrome. This gene is clustered with another family member, WNT10B, in the chromosome 12q13 region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SZRD1 | SUZ RNA binding domain containing 1| |
| AGXT | alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase|This gene is expressed only in the liver and the encoded protein is localized mostly in the peroxisomes, where it is involved in glyoxylate detoxification. Mutations in this gene, some of which alter subcellular targetting, have been associated with type I primary hyperoxaluria. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DCAF11 | DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 11|This gene encodes a WD repeat-containing protein that interacts with the COP9 signalosome, a macromolecular complex that interacts with cullin-RING E3 ligases and regulates their activity by hydrolyzing cullin-Nedd8 conjugates. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| LRRN1 | leucine rich repeat neuronal 1| |
| WNT4 | wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 4|The WNT gene family consists of structurally related genes which encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. This gene is a member of the WNT gene family, and is the first signaling molecule shown to influence the sex-determination cascade. It encodes a protein which shows 98% amino acid identity to the Wnt4 protein of mouse and rat. This gene and a nuclear receptor known to antagonize the testis-determining factor play a concerted role in both the control of female development and the prevention of testes formation. This gene and another two family members, WNT2 and WNT7B, may be associated with abnormal proliferation in breast tissue. Mutations in this gene can result in Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome and in SERKAL syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TREML2 | triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-like 2|TREML2 is located in a gene cluster on chromosome 6 with the single Ig variable (IgV) domain activating receptors TREM1 (MIM 605085) and TREM2 (MIM 605086), but it has distinct structural and functional properties (Allcock et al., 2003 [PubMed 12645956]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| FRMD4B | FERM domain containing 4B|This gene encodes a GRP1-binding protein which contains a FERM protein interaction domain as well as two coiled coil domains. This protein may play a role as a scaffolding protein. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| GPAA1 | glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1|Posttranslational glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor attachment serves as a general mechanism for linking proteins to the cell surface membrane. The protein encoded by this gene presumably functions in GPI anchoring at the GPI transfer step. The mRNA transcript is ubiquitously expressed in both fetal and adult tissues. The anchor attachment protein 1 contains an N-terminal signal sequence, 1 cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation site, 1 leucine zipper pattern, 2 potential N-glycosylation sites, and 8 putative transmembrane domains. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IMP3 | IMP3, U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein|This gene encodes the human homolog of the yeast Imp3 protein. The protein localizes to the nucleoli and interacts with the U3 snoRNP complex. The protein contains an S4 domain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDHR1 | cadherin-related family member 1|This gene belongs to the cadherin superfamily of calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecules. The encoded protein is a photoreceptor-specific cadherin that plays a role in outer segment disc morphogenesis. Mutations in this gene are associated with inherited retinal dystrophies. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| ODF1 | outer dense fiber of sperm tails 1|The outer dense fibers are cytoskeletal structures that surround the axoneme in the middle piece and principal piece of the sperm tail. The fibers function in maintaining the elastic structure and recoil of the sperm tail as well as in protecting the tail from shear forces during epididymal transport and ejaculation. Defects in the outer dense fibers lead to abnormal sperm morphology and infertility. The human outer dense fibers contains at least 10 major proteins and this gene encodes the main protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MOGS | mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase|This gene encodes the first enzyme in the N-linked oligosaccharide processing pathway. The enzyme cleaves the distal alpha-1,2-linked glucose residue from the Glc(3)-Man(9)-GlcNAc(2) oligosaccharide precursor. This protein is located in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Defects in this gene are a cause of type IIb congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDGIIb). Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| PDCL | phosducin-like|Phosducin-like protein is a putative modulator of heterotrimeric G proteins. The protein shares extensive amino acid sequence homology with phosducin, a phosphoprotein expressed in retina and pineal gland. Both phosducin-like protein and phosphoducin have been shown to regulate G-protein signaling by binding to the beta-gamma subunits of G proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RECK | reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs|The protein encoded by this gene is a cysteine-rich, extracellular protein with protease inhibitor-like domains whose expression is suppressed strongly in many tumors and cells transformed by various kinds of oncogenes. In normal cells, this membrane-anchored glycoprotein may serve as a negative regulator for matrix metalloproteinase-9, a key enzyme involved in tumor invasion and metastasis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| INSC | inscuteable homolog (Drosophila)|In Drosophila, neuroblasts divide asymmetrically into another neuroblast at the apical side and a smaller ganglion mother cell on the basal side. Cell polarization is precisely regulated by 2 apically localized multiprotein signaling complexes that are tethered by Inscuteable, which regulates their apical localization (Izaki et al., 2006 [PubMed 16458856]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CRISPLD2 | cysteine-rich secretory protein LCCL domain containing 2| |
| GPRIN2 | G protein regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth 2| |
| GPRIN1 | G protein regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth 1| |
| ROGDI | rogdi homolog (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a protein of unknown function. Loss-of-function mutation in this gene cause Kohlschutter-Tonz syndrome. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| KIF23 | kinesin family member 23|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of kinesin-like protein family. This family includes microtubule-dependent molecular motors that transport organelles within cells and move chromosomes during cell division. This protein has been shown to cross-bridge antiparallel microtubules and drive microtubule movement in vitro. Alternate splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| KAT2B | K(lysine) acetyltransferase 2B|CBP and p300 are large nuclear proteins that bind to many sequence-specific factors involved in cell growth and/or differentiation, including c-jun and the adenoviral oncoprotein E1A. The protein encoded by this gene associates with p300/CBP. It has in vitro and in vivo binding activity with CBP and p300, and competes with E1A for binding sites in p300/CBP. It has histone acetyl transferase activity with core histones and nucleosome core particles, indicating that this protein plays a direct role in transcriptional regulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| INSR | insulin receptor|After removal of the precursor signal peptide, the insulin receptor precursor is post-translationally cleaved into two chains (alpha and beta) that are covalently linked. Binding of insulin to the insulin receptor (INSR) stimulates glucose uptake. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RUNX1T1 | runt-related transcription factor 1; translocated to, 1 (cyclin D-related)|This gene encodes a member of the myeloid translocation gene family which interact with DNA-bound transcription factors and recruit a range of corepressors to facilitate transcriptional repression. The t(8;21)(q22;q22) translocation is one of the most frequent karyotypic abnormalities in acute myeloid leukemia. The translocation produces a chimeric gene made up of the 5'-region of the runt-related transcription factor 1 gene fused to the 3'-region of this gene. The chimeric protein is thought to associate with the nuclear corepressor/histone deacetylase complex to block hematopoietic differentiation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| HIST2H2BF | histone cluster 2, H2bf|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. This structure consists of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a nucleosome, an octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene encodes a member of the histone H2B family and is found in a histone cluster on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| HIST2H2BE | histone cluster 2, H2be|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene encodes a member of the histone H2B family, and generates two transcripts through the use of the conserved stem-loop termination motif, and the polyA addition motif. The protein has antibacterial and antifungal antimicrobial activity. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| ZNF813 | zinc finger protein 813| |
| SPTBN5 | spectrin, beta, non-erythrocytic 5| |
| SPTBN4 | spectrin, beta, non-erythrocytic 4|Spectrin is an actin crosslinking and molecular scaffold protein that links the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton, and functions in the determination of cell shape, arrangement of transmembrane proteins, and organization of organelles. It is composed of two antiparallel dimers of alpha- and beta- subunits. This gene is one member of a family of beta-spectrin genes. The encoded protein localizes to the nuclear matrix, PML nuclear bodies, and cytoplasmic vesicles. A highly similar gene in the mouse is required for localization of specific membrane proteins in polarized regions of neurons. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF816 | zinc finger protein 816| |
| SPTBN1 | spectrin, beta, non-erythrocytic 1|Spectrin is an actin crosslinking and molecular scaffold protein that links the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton, and functions in the determination of cell shape, arrangement of transmembrane proteins, and organization of organelles. It is composed of two antiparallel dimers of alpha- and beta- subunits. This gene is one member of a family of beta-spectrin genes. The encoded protein contains an N-terminal actin-binding domain, and 17 spectrin repeats which are involved in dimer formation. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KLF13 | Kruppel-like factor 13|KLF13 belongs to a family of transcription factors that contain 3 classical zinc finger DNA-binding domains consisting of a zinc atom tetrahedrally coordinated by 2 cysteines and 2 histidines (C2H2 motif). These transcription factors bind to GC-rich sequences and related GT and CACCC boxes (Scohy et al., 2000 [PubMed 11087666]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| VEPH1 | ventricular zone expressed PH domain-containing 1| |
| KLF11 | Kruppel-like factor 11|The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcription factor that binds to SP1-like sequences in epsilon- and gamma-globin gene promoters. This binding inhibits cell growth and causes apoptosis. Defects in this gene are a cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 7 (MODY7). Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| KLF10 | Kruppel-like factor 10|This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins that feature C2H2-type zinc finger domains. The encoded protein is a transcriptional repressor that acts as an effector of transforming growth factor beta signaling. Activity of this protein may inhibit the growth of cancers, particularly pancreatic cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| RNF170 | ring finger protein 170|This gene encodes a RING domain-containing protein that resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. This protein functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and mediates ubiquitination and processing of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors via the ER-associated protein degradation pathway. It is recruited to the activated IP3 receptors by the ERLIN1/ERLIN2 complex to which it is constitutively bound. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal dominant sensory ataxia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| KLF16 | Kruppel-like factor 16| |
| KLF15 | Kruppel-like factor 15| |
| KLF14 | Kruppel-like factor 14|This intronless gene encodes a member of the Kruppel-like family of transcription factors. The encoded protein functions as a transcriptional co-repressor, and is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) to repress TGF-beta receptor II gene expression. This gene exhibits imprinted expression from the maternal allele in embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| TFAP2A | transcription factor AP-2 alpha (activating enhancer binding protein 2 alpha)|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that binds the consensus sequence 5'-GCCNNNGGC-3'. The encoded protein functions as either a homodimer or as a heterodimer with similar family members. This protein activates the transcription of some genes while inhibiting the transcription of others. Defects in this gene are a cause of branchiooculofacial syndrome (BOFS). Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| UCP3 | uncoupling protein 3 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)|Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCP) are members of the larger family of mitochondrial anion carrier proteins (MACP). UCPs separate oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis with energy dissipated as heat, also referred to as the mitochondrial proton leak. UCPs facilitate the transfer of anions from the inner to the outer mitochondrial membrane and the return transfer of protons from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane. They also reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential in mammalian cells. The different UCPs have tissue-specific expression; this gene is primarily expressed in skeletal muscle. This gene's protein product is postulated to protect mitochondria against lipid-induced oxidative stress. Expression levels of this gene increase when fatty acid supplies to mitochondria exceed their oxidation capacity and the protein enables the export of fatty acids from mitochondria. UCPs contain the three solcar protein domains typically found in MACPs. Two splice variants have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| TFAP2C | transcription factor AP-2 gamma (activating enhancer binding protein 2 gamma)|The protein encoded by this gene is a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor involved in the activation of several developmental genes. The encoded protein can act as either a homodimer or heterodimer with other family members and is induced during retinoic acid-mediated differentiation. It plays a role in the development of the eyes, face, body wall, limbs, and neural tube. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TFAP2B | transcription factor AP-2 beta (activating enhancer binding protein 2 beta)|This gene encodes a member of the AP-2 family of transcription factors. AP-2 proteins form homo- or hetero-dimers with other AP-2 family members and bind specific DNA sequences. They are thought to stimulate cell proliferation and suppress terminal differentiation of specific cell types during embryonic development. Specific AP-2 family members differ in their expression patterns and binding affinity for different promoters. This protein functions as both a transcriptional activator and repressor. Mutations in this gene result in autosomal dominant Char syndrome, suggesting that this gene functions in the differentiation of neural crest cell derivatives. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TFAP2E | transcription factor AP-2 epsilon (activating enhancer binding protein 2 epsilon)| |
| TFAP2D | transcription factor AP-2 delta (activating enhancer binding protein 2 delta)| |
| MDFI | MyoD family inhibitor|This protein is a transcription factor that negatively regulates other myogenic family proteins. Studies of the mouse homolog, I-mf, show that it interferes with myogenic factor function by masking nuclear localization signals and preventing DNA binding. Knockout mouse studies show defects in the formation of vertebrae and ribs that also involve cartilage formation in these structures. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GBE1 | glucan (1,4-alpha-), branching enzyme 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a glycogen branching enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of alpha-1,4-linked glucosyl units from the outer end of a glycogen chain to an alpha-1,6 position on the same or a neighboring glycogen chain. Branching of the chains is essential to increase the solubility of the glycogen molecule and, consequently, in reducing the osmotic pressure within cells. Highest level of this enzyme are found in liver and muscle. Mutations in this gene are associated with glycogen storage disease IV (also known as Andersen's disease). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TYRP1 | tyrosinase-related protein 1|This gene encodes a melanosomal enzyme that belongs to the tyrosinase family and plays an important role in the melanin biosynthetic pathway. Defects in this gene are the cause of rufous oculocutaneous albinism and oculocutaneous albinism type III. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| PCNA | proliferating cell nuclear antigen|The protein encoded by this gene is found in the nucleus and is a cofactor of DNA polymerase delta. The encoded protein acts as a homotrimer and helps increase the processivity of leading strand synthesis during DNA replication. In response to DNA damage, this protein is ubiquitinated and is involved in the RAD6-dependent DNA repair pathway. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. Pseudogenes of this gene have been described on chromosome 4 and on the X chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC44A1 | solute carrier family 44 (choline transporter), member 1| |
| SLC44A2 | solute carrier family 44 (choline transporter), member 2| |
| SLC44A3 | solute carrier family 44, member 3| |
| ZBTB7A | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 7A| |
| ZBTB7C | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 7C| |
| ZBTB7B | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 7B|This gene encodes a zinc finger-containing transcription factor that acts as a key regulator of lineage commitment of immature T-cell precursors. It is necessary and sufficient for commitment of CD4 lineage, while its absence causes CD8 commitment. It also functions as a transcriptional repressor of type I collagen genes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| MSI2 | musashi RNA-binding protein 2|This gene encodes a protein containing two conserved tandem RNA recognition motifs. Similar proteins in other species function as RNA-binding proteins and play central roles in posttranscriptional gene regulation. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MSI1 | musashi RNA-binding protein 1|This gene encodes a protein containing two conserved tandem RNA recognition motifs. Similar proteins in other species function as RNA-binding proteins and play central roles in posttranscriptional gene regulation. Expression of this gene has been correlated with the grade of the malignancy and proliferative activity in gliomas and melanomas. A pseudogene for this gene is located on chromosome 11q13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCNP | PEST proteolytic signal containing nuclear protein| |
| MRPL38 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L38|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCNX | pecanex homolog (Drosophila)| |
| UTY | ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat containing, Y-linked|This gene encodes a protein containing tetratricopeptide repeats which are thought to be involved in protein-protein interactions. The encoded protein is also a minor histocompatibility antigen which may induce graft rejection of male stem cell grafts. A large number of alternatively spliced transcripts have been observed for this gene, but the full length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| HDAC1 | histone deacetylase 1|Histone acetylation and deacetylation, catalyzed by multisubunit complexes, play a key role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family and is a component of the histone deacetylase complex. It also interacts with retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor protein and this complex is a key element in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation. Together with metastasis-associated protein-2, it deacetylates p53 and modulates its effect on cell growth and apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ENGASE | endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase|This gene encodes a cytosolic enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptides and proteins with mannose modifications to produce free oligosaccharides. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| SAMHD1 | SAM domain and HD domain 1|This gene may play a role in regulation of the innate immune response. The encoded protein is upregulated in response to viral infection and may be involved in mediation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha proinflammatory responses. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| FEZF2 | FEZ family zinc finger 2| |
| GSTK1 | glutathione S-transferase kappa 1|This gene encodes a member of the kappa class of the glutathione transferase superfamily of enzymes that function in cellular detoxification. The encoded protein is localized to the peroxisome and catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione to a wide range of hydrophobic substates facilitating the removal of these compounds from cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| RPA4 | replication protein A4, 30kDa|This gene encodes a single-stranded DNA-binding protein that is the 30-kDa subunit of the replication protein A complex. Replication protein A is an essential factor for DNA double-strand break repair and cell cycle checkpoint activation. The encoded protein localizes to DNA repair foci and may be involved in the cellular DNA damage response. This protein may also play a role in inhibiting viral replication.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| DNPH1 | 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate N-hydrolase 1|This gene was identified on the basis of its stimulation by c-Myc protein. The latter is a transcription factor that participates in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The exact function of this gene is not known but studies in rat suggest a role in cellular proliferation and c-Myc-mediated transformation. Two alternative transcripts encoding different proteins have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPA1 | replication protein A1, 70kDa| |
| ADNP2 | ADNP homeobox 2| |
| RPA3 | replication protein A3, 14kDa| |
| C1D | C1D nuclear receptor corepressor|The protein encoded by this gene is a DNA binding and apoptosis-inducing protein and is localized in the nucleus. It is also a Rac3-interacting protein which acts as a corepressor for the thyroid hormone receptor. This protein is thought to regulate TRAX/Translin complex formation. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. Multiple pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosome 10.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| TENC1 | tensin 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the tensin family. Tensin is a focal adhesion molecule that binds to actin filaments and participates in signaling pathways. This protein plays a role in regulating cell migration. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and three transcript variants encoding three distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NDUFS1 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 1, 75kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the complex I 75 kDa subunit family. Mammalian complex I is composed of 45 different subunits. It locates at the mitochondrial inner membrane. This protein has NADH dehydrogenase activity and oxidoreductase activity. It transfers electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. This protein is the largest subunit of complex I and it is a component of the iron-sulfur (IP) fragment of the enzyme. It may form part of the active site crevice where NADH is oxidized. Mutations in this gene are associated with complex I deficiency. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| REC8 | REC8 meiotic recombination protein|This gene encodes a member of the kleisin family of SMC (structural maintenance of chromosome) protein partners. The protein localizes to the axial elements of chromosomes during meiosis in both oocytes and spermatocytes. In the mouse, the homologous protein is a key component of the meiotic cohesion complex, which regulates sister chromatid cohesion and recombination between homologous chromosomes. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NDUFS3 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 3, 30kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase)|This gene encodes one of the iron-sulfur protein (IP) components of mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I). Mutations in this gene are associated with Leigh syndrome resulting from mitochondrial complex I deficiency.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| COQ9 | coenzyme Q9|This locus represents a mitochondrial ubiquinone biosynthesis gene. The encoded protein is likely necessary for biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10, as mutations at this locus have been associated with autosomal-recessive neonatal-onset primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| NDUFS5 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 5, 15kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase)|This gene is a member of the NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) iron-sulfur protein family. The encoded protein is a subunit of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I), the first enzyme complex in the electron transport chain located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants and pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 1, 4 and 17. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| NDUFS6 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 6, 13kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase)|This gene encodes a subunit of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I), which is the first enzyme complex in the electron transport chain of mitochondria. This complex functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The subunit encoded by this gene is one of seven subunits in the iron-sulfur protein fraction. Mutations in this gene cause mitochondrial complex I deficiency, a disease that causes a wide variety of clinical disorders, including neonatal disease and adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| NDUFS7 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 7, 20kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase)|This gene encodes a protein that is a subunit of one of the complexes that forms the mitochondrial respiratory chain. This protein is one of over 40 subunits found in complex I, the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH):ubiquinone oxidoreductase. This complex functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain, and ubiquinone is believed to be the immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme. Mutations in this gene cause Leigh syndrome due to mitochondrial complex I deficiency, a severe neurological disorder that results in bilaterally symmetrical necrotic lesions in subcortical brain regions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COQ5 | coenzyme Q5 homolog, methyltransferase (S. cerevisiae)| |
| COQ4 | coenzyme Q4|This gene encodes a component of the coenzyme Q biosynthesis pathway. Coenzyme Q, an essential component of the electron transport chain, shuttles electrons between complexes I or II to complex III of the mitochondrial transport chain. This protein appears to play a structural role in stabilizing a complex that contains most of the coenzyme Q biosynthesis enzymes. Mutations in this gene are associated with mitochondrial disorders linked to coenzyme Q deficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| COQ7 | coenzyme Q7 homolog, ubiquinone (yeast)|The protein encoded by this gene is similar to a mitochondrial di-iron containing hydroxylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is involved with ubiquinone biosynthesis. Mutations in the yeast gene lead to slower development and longer life span. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| COQ6 | coenzyme Q6 monooxygenase|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ubiH/COQ6 family. It is an evolutionarily conserved monooxygenase required for the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10 (or ubiquinone), which is an essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and one of the most potent lipophilic antioxidants implicated in the protection of cell damage by reactive oxygen species. Knockdown of this gene in mouse and zebrafish results in decreased growth due to increased apoptosis. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive coenzyme Q10 deficiency-6 (COQ10D6), which manifests as nephrotic syndrome with sensorineural deafness. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| UFD1L | ubiquitin fusion degradation 1 like (yeast)|The protein encoded by this gene forms a complex with two other proteins, nuclear protein localization-4 and valosin-containing protein, and this complex is necessary for the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. In addition, this complex controls the disassembly of the mitotic spindle and the formation of a closed nuclear envelope after mitosis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Catch 22 syndrome as well as cardiac and craniofacial defects. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 18. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| COQ3 | coenzyme Q3 methyltransferase|Ubiquinone, also known as coenzyme Q, or Q, is a critical component of the electron transport pathways of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes (Jonassen and Clarke, 2000 [PubMed 10777520]). This lipid consists of a hydrophobic isoprenoid tail and a quinone head group. The tail varies in length depending on the organism, but its purpose is to anchor coenzyme Q to the membrane. The quinone head group is responsible for the activity of coenzyme Q in the respiratory chain. The S. cerevisiae COQ3 gene encodes an O-methyltransferase required for 2 steps in the biosynthetic pathway of coenzyme Q. This enzyme methylates an early coenzyme Q intermediate, 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoic acid, as well as the final intermediate in the pathway, converting demethyl-ubiquinone to coenzyme Q. The COQ3 gene product is also capable of methylating the distinct prokaryotic early intermediate 2-hydroxy-6-polyprenyl phenol.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| COQ2 | coenzyme Q2 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase|This gene encodes an enzyme that functions in the final steps in the biosynthesis of CoQ (ubiquinone), a redox carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and a lipid-soluble antioxidant. This enzyme, which is part of the coenzyme Q10 pathway, catalyzes the prenylation of parahydroxybenzoate with an all-trans polyprenyl group. Mutations in this gene cause coenzyme Q10 deficiency, a mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, and also COQ2 nephropathy, an inherited form of mitochondriopathy with primary renal involvement. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| ZRANB1 | zinc finger, RAN-binding domain containing 1| |
| KLK6 | kallikrein-related peptidase 6|Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. The encoded enzyme is regulated by steroid hormones. In tissue culture, the enzyme has been found to generate amyloidogenic fragments from the amyloid precursor protein, suggesting a potential for involvement in Alzheimer's disease. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZRANB3 | zinc finger, RAN-binding domain containing 3| |
| ZRANB2 | zinc finger, RAN-binding domain containing 2| |
| LSM12 | LSM12 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| HBB | hemoglobin, beta|The alpha (HBA) and beta (HBB) loci determine the structure of the 2 types of polypeptide chains in adult hemoglobin, Hb A. The normal adult hemoglobin tetramer consists of two alpha chains and two beta chains. Mutant beta globin causes sickle cell anemia. Absence of beta chain causes beta-zero-thalassemia. Reduced amounts of detectable beta globin causes beta-plus-thalassemia. The order of the genes in the beta-globin cluster is 5'-epsilon -- gamma-G -- gamma-A -- delta -- beta--3'. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CHMP2B | charged multivesicular body protein 2B|This gene encodes a component of the heteromeric ESCRT-III complex (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport III) that functions in the recycling or degradation of cell surface receptors. ESCRT-III functions in the concentration and invagination of ubiquitinated endosomal cargos into intralumenal vesicles. The protein encoded by this gene is found as a monomer in the cytosol or as an oligomer in ESCRT-III complexes on endosomal membranes. It is expressed in neurons of all major regions of the brain. Mutations in this gene result in one form of familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| THOC3 | THO complex 3|This gene encodes a component of the nuclear THO transcription elongation complex, which is part of the larger transcription export (TREX) complex that couples messenger RNA processing and export. In humans, the transcription export complex is recruited to the 5'-end of messenger RNAs in a splicing- and cap-dependent manner. Studies of a related complex in mouse suggest that the metazoan transcription export complex is involved in cell differentiation and development. A pseudogene of this gene has been defined on chromosome 5. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| PCDHGB1 | protocadherin gamma subfamily B, 1|This gene is a member of the protocadherin gamma gene cluster, one of three related clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. These gene clusters have an immunoglobulin-like organization, suggesting that a novel mechanism may be involved in their regulation and expression. The gamma gene cluster includes 22 genes divided into 3 subfamilies. Subfamily A contains 12 genes, subfamily B contains 7 genes and 2 pseudogenes, and the more distantly related subfamily C contains 3 genes. The tandem array of 22 large, variable region exons are followed by a constant region, containing 3 exons shared by all genes in the cluster. Each variable region exon encodes the extracellular region, which includes 6 cadherin ectodomains and a transmembrane region. The constant region exons encode the common cytoplasmic region. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been described for the gamma cluster genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BOK | BCL2-related ovarian killer|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the BCL2 family, members of which form homo- or heterodimers, and act as anti- or proapoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes. Studies in rat show that this protein has restricted expression in reproductive tissues, interacts strongly with some antiapoptotic BCL2 proteins, not at all with proapoptotic BCL2 proteins, and induces apoptosis in transfected cells. Thus, this protein represents a proapoptotic member of the BCL2 family. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| PCDHGB7 | protocadherin gamma subfamily B, 7|This gene is a member of the protocadherin gamma gene cluster, one of three related clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. These gene clusters have an immunoglobulin-like organization, suggesting that a novel mechanism may be involved in their regulation and expression. The gamma gene cluster includes 22 genes divided into 3 subfamilies. Subfamily A contains 12 genes, subfamily B contains 7 genes and 2 pseudogenes, and the more distantly related subfamily C contains 3 genes. The tandem array of 22 large, variable region exons are followed by a constant region, containing 3 exons shared by all genes in the cluster. Each variable region exon encodes the extracellular region, which includes 6 cadherin ectodomains and a transmembrane region. The constant region exons encode the common cytoplasmic region. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been described for the gamma cluster genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATP9B | ATPase, class II, type 9B| |
| ATP9A | ATPase, class II, type 9A| |
| PCDHGB4 | protocadherin gamma subfamily B, 4|This gene is a member of the protocadherin gamma gene cluster, one of three related clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. These gene clusters have an immunoglobulin-like organization, suggesting that a novel mechanism may be involved in their regulation and expression. The gamma gene cluster includes 22 genes divided into 3 subfamilies. Subfamily A contains 12 genes, subfamily B contains 7 genes and 2 pseudogenes, and the more distantly related subfamily C contains 3 genes. The tandem array of 22 large, variable region exons are followed by a constant region, containing 3 exons shared by all genes in the cluster. Each variable region exon encodes the extracellular region, which includes 6 cadherin ectodomains and a transmembrane region. The constant region exons encode the common cytoplasmic region. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. This particular family member is expressed in fibroblasts and is thought to play a role in wound healing in response to injury. Alternative splicing has been described for the gamma cluster genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LSM11 | LSM11, U7 small nuclear RNA associated| |
| RREB1 | ras responsive element binding protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcription factor that binds to RAS-responsive elements (RREs) of gene promoters. It has been shown that the calcitonin gene promoter contains an RRE and that the encoded protein binds there and increases expression of calcitonin, which may be involved in Ras/Raf-mediated cell differentiation. Multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| DENND2C | DENN/MADD domain containing 2C| |
| TPX2 | TPX2, microtubule-associated| |
| DENND2D | DENN/MADD domain containing 2D| |
| GAGE1 | G antigen 1|This gene belongs to a family of genes that are expressed in a variety of tumors but not in normal tissues, except for the testis. The sequences of the family members are highly related but differ by scattered nucleotide substitutions. The antigenic peptide YRPRPRRY, which is also encoded by several other family members, is recognized by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes. Nothing is presently known about the function of this protein. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| PPT1 | palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a small glycoprotein involved in the catabolism of lipid-modified proteins during lysosomal degradation. The encoded enzyme removes thioester-linked fatty acyl groups such as palmitate from cysteine residues. Defects in this gene are a cause of infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 1 (CLN1, or INCL) and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 4 (CLN4). Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| PPT2 | palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 2|This gene encodes a member of the palmitoyl-protein thioesterase family. The encoded glycosylated lysosomal protein has palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activity in vitro, but does not hydrolyze palmitate from cysteine residues in proteins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the downstream EGFL8 (EGF-like-domain, multiple 8) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| GAGE5 | G antigen 5|This gene belongs to a family of genes that are expressed in a variety of tumors but not in normal tissues, except for the testis. The sequences of the family members are highly related but differ by scattered nucleotide substitutions. The antigenic peptide YYWPRPRRY, which is also encoded by several other family members, is recognized by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| INPP4B | inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase, type II, 105kDa|INPP4B encodes the inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type II, one of the enzymes involved in phosphatidylinositol signaling pathways. This enzyme removes the phosphate group at position 4 of the inositol ring from inositol 3,4-bisphosphate. There is limited data to suggest that the human type II enzyme is subject to alternative splicing, as has been established for the type I enzyme. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| INPP4A | inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase, type I, 107kDa|This gene encodes an Mg++ independent enzyme that hydrolyzes the 4-position phosphate from the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate, inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate, and inositol 3,4-bisphosphate. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| GPR101 | G protein-coupled receptor 101|The protein encoded by this gene is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor of unknown function. The encoded protein is a member of a family of proteins that contain seven transmembrane domains and transduce extracellular signals through heterotrimeric G proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| MICAL2 | microtubule associated monooxygenase, calponin and LIM domain containing 2| |
| MICAL3 | microtubule associated monooxygenase, calponin and LIM domain containing 3| |
| PHC1 | polyhomeotic homolog 1 (Drosophila)|This gene is a homolog of the Drosophila polyhomeotic gene, which is a member of the Polycomb group of genes. The gene product is a component of a multimeric protein complex that contains EDR2 and the vertebrate Polycomb protein BMH1. The gene product, the EDR2 protein, and the Drosophila polyhomeotic protein share 2 highly conserved domains, named homology domains I and II. These domains are involved in protein-protein interactions and may mediate heterodimerization of the protein encoded by this gene and the EDR2 protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PHC3 | polyhomeotic homolog 3 (Drosophila)| |
| GPR107 | G protein-coupled receptor 107| |
| GPR108 | G protein-coupled receptor 108| |
| MFAP3L | microfibrillar-associated protein 3-like| |
| SYPL1 | synaptophysin-like 1| |
| TRMT10C | tRNA methyltransferase 10 homolog C (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes the precursor of a subunit of the mitochondrial ribonuclease P, which is involved in 5' processing of mitochondrial tRNAs. The encoded protein may confer RNA-binding capacity to mitochondrial ribonuclease P and may be essential for transcript processing, RNA modification, translation and mitochondrial respiration. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| PHEX | phosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog, X-linked|The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane endopeptidase that belongs to the type II integral membrane zinc-dependent endopeptidase family. The protein is thought to be involved in bone and dentin mineralization and renal phosphate reabsorption. Mutations in this gene cause X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| IGSF1 | immunoglobulin superfamily, member 1|This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin-like domain-containing superfamily. Proteins in this superfamily contain varying numbers of immunoglobulin-like domains and are thought to participate in the regulation of interactions between cells. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| AP1G1 | adaptor-related protein complex 1, gamma 1 subunit|Adaptins are important components of clathrin-coated vesicles transporting ligand-receptor complexes from the plasma membrane or from the trans-Golgi network to lysosomes. The adaptin family of proteins is composed of four classes of molecules named alpha, beta-, beta prime- and gamma- adaptins. Adaptins, together with medium and small subunits, form a heterotetrameric complex called an adaptor, whose role is to promote the formation of clathrin-coated pits and vesicles. The protein encoded by this gene is a gamma-adaptin protein and it belongs to the adaptor complexes large subunits family. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF365 | zinc finger protein 365|This gene encodes several isoforms which have different expression patterns and functions. Mutation in this gene is associated with uric acid nephrolithiasis (UAN). Alternatively spliced variants, encoding distinct proteins, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| GRXCR1 | glutaredoxin, cysteine rich 1|This gene is one of 60 loci associated with autosomal-recessive nonsyndromic hearing impairment. This gene encodes a protein which contains GRX-like domains; these domains play a role in the S-glutathionylation of proteins and may be involved in actin organization in hair cells. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| EMC10 | ER membrane protein complex subunit 10| |
| PRF1 | perforin 1 (pore forming protein)|The protein encoded by this gene has structural and functional similarities to complement component 9 (C9). Like C9, this protein creates transmembrane tubules and is capable of lysing non-specifically a variety of target cells. This protein is one of the main cytolytic proteins of cytolytic granules, and it is known to be a key effector molecule for T-cell- and natural killer-cell-mediated cytolysis. Defects in this gene cause familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 2 (HPLH2), a rare and lethal autosomal recessive disorder of early childhood. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MGMT | O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase| |
| TSSC4 | tumor suppressing subtransferable candidate 4|This gene is one of several tumor-suppressing subtransferable fragments located in the imprinted gene domain of 11p15.5, an important tumor-suppressor gene region. Alterations in this region have been associated with the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, and lung, ovarian, and breast cancer. This gene is located among several imprinted genes; however, this gene, as well as the pan-hematopoietic expression gene (PHEMX), escapes imprinting. This gene may play a role in malignancies and disease that involve this region. Several transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| H2AFV | H2A histone family, member V|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene encodes a member of the histone H2A family. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms, have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCTD21 | potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 21| |
| AP1G2 | adaptor-related protein complex 1, gamma 2 subunit|Adaptins are important components of clathrin-coated vesicles transporting ligand-receptor complexes from the plasma membrane or from the trans-Golgi network to lysosomes. The adaptin family of proteins is compsed of four classes of molecules named alpha, beta-, beta prime- and gamma- adaptins. Adaptins, together with medium and small subunits, form a heterotetrameric complex called an adaptor, whose role is to promote the formation of clathrin-coated pits and vesicles. The protein encoded by this gene is a gamma-adaptin protein and it belongs to the adaptor complexes large subunits family. This protein along with the complex is thought to function at some trafficking step in the complex pathways between the trans-Golgi network and the cell surface. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene exist, but their full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| H2AFX | H2A histone family, member X|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene encodes a member of the histone H2A family, and generates two transcripts through the use of the conserved stem-loop termination motif, and the polyA addition motif. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| H2AFY | H2A histone family, member Y|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene encodes a member of the histone H2A family. It replaces conventional H2A histones in a subset of nucleosomes where it represses transcription and participates in stable X chromosome inactivation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| H2AFZ | H2A histone family, member Z|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene encodes a replication-independent member of the histone H2A family that is distinct from other members of the family. Studies in mice have shown that this particular histone is required for embryonic development and indicate that lack of functional histone H2A leads to embryonic lethality. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNF8 | ring finger protein 8, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger motif and an FHA domain. This protein has been shown to interact with several class II ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2), including UBE2E1/UBCH6, UBE2E2, and UBE2E3, and may act as an ubiquitin ligase (E3) in the ubiquitination of certain nuclear proteins. This protein is also known to play a role in the DNA damage response and depletion of this protein causes cell growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| RNF6 | ring finger protein (C3H2C3 type) 6|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING-H2 finger motif. Deletions and mutations in this gene were detected in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), suggesting that this protein may be a potential tumor suppressor. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggested a role of this protein in the transcription regulation that controls germinal differentiation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein are observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNF7 | ring finger protein 7|The protein encoded by this gene is a highly conserved ring finger protein. It is an essential subunit of SKP1-cullin/CDC53-F box protein ubiquitin ligases, which are a part of the protein degradation machinery important for cell cycle progression and signal transduction. This protein interacts with, and is a substrate of, casein kinase II (CSNK2A1/CKII). The phosphorylation of this protein by CSNK2A1 has been shown to promote the degradation of IkappaBalpha (CHUK/IKK-alpha/IKBKA) and p27Kip1(CDKN1B). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNF4 | ring finger protein 4|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger motif and acts as a transcription regulator. This protein has been shown to interact with, and inhibit the activity of, TRPS1, a transcription suppressor of GATA-mediated transcription. Transcription repressor ZNF278/PATZ is found to interact with this protein, and thus reduce the enhancement of androgen receptor-dependent transcription mediated by this protein. Studies of the mouse and rat counterparts suggested a role of this protein in spermatogenesis. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 1.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| RNF5 | ring finger protein 5, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger, which is a motif known to be involved in protein-protein interactions. This protein is a membrane-bound ubiquitin ligase. It can regulate cell motility by targeting paxillin ubiquitination and altering the distribution and localization of paxillin in cytoplasm and cell focal adhesions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNF2 | ring finger protein 2|Polycomb group (PcG) of proteins form the multiprotein complexes that are important for the transcription repression of various genes involved in development and cell proliferation. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the PcG proteins. It has been shown to interact with, and suppress the activity of, transcription factor CP2 (TFCP2/CP2). Studies of the mouse counterpart suggested the involvement of this gene in the specification of anterior-posterior axis, as well as in cell proliferation in early development. This protein was also found to interact with huntingtin interacting protein 2 (HIP2), an ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, and possess ubiquitin ligase activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AVPR2 | arginine vasopressin receptor 2|This gene encodes the vasopressin receptor, type 2, also known as the V2 receptor, which belongs to the seven-transmembrane-domain G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, and couples to Gs thus stimulating adenylate cyclase. The subfamily that includes the V2 receptor, the V1a and V1b vasopressin receptors, the oxytocin receptor, and isotocin and mesotocin receptors in non-mammals, is well conserved, though several members signal via other G proteins. All bind similar cyclic nonapeptide hormones. The V2 receptor is expressed in the kidney tubule, predominantly in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts, where its primary property is to respond to the pituitary hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) by stimulating mechanisms that concentrate the urine and maintain water homeostasis in the organism. When the function of this gene is lost, the disease Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (NDI) results. The V2 receptor is also expressed outside the kidney although its tissue localization is uncertain. When these 'extrarenal receptors' are stimulated by infusion of a V2 selective agonist (dDAVP), a variety of clotting factors are released into the bloodstream. The physiologic importance of this property is not known - its absence does not appear to be detrimental in NDI patients. The gene expression has also been described in fetal lung tissue and lung cancer associated with alternative splicing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| H2AFJ | H2A histone family, member J|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene is located on chromosome 12 and encodes a variant H2A histone. The protein is divergent at the C-terminus compared to the consensus H2A histone family member. This gene also encodes an antimicrobial peptide with antibacterial and antifungal activity.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| ZFHX3 | zinc finger homeobox 3|This gene encodes a transcription factor with multiple homeodomains and zinc finger motifs, and regulates myogenic and neuronal differentiation. The encoded protein suppresses expression of the alpha-fetoprotein gene by binding to an AT-rich enhancer motif. The protein has also been shown to negatively regulate c-Myb, and transactivate the cell cycle inhibitor cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (also known as p21CIP1). This gene is reported to function as a tumor suppressor in several cancers, and sequence variants of this gene are also associated with atrial fibrillation. Multiple transcript variants expressed from alternate promoters and encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| NCAPG2 | non-SMC condensin II complex, subunit G2|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the Condensin2nSMC family of proteins. The encoded protein is a regulatory subunit of the condensin II complex which, along with the condensin I complex, plays a role in chromosome assembly and segregation during mitosis. A similar protein in mouse is required for early development of the embryo. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| RHBDL2 | rhomboid, veinlet-like 2 (Drosophila)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the rhomboid family of integral membrane proteins. This family contains proteins that are related to Drosophila rhomboid protein. Members of this family are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and are thought to function as intramembrane serine proteases. The encoded protein is thought to release soluble growth factors by proteolytic cleavage of certain membrane-bound substrates, including ephrin B2 and ephrin B3. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| RHBDL3 | rhomboid, veinlet-like 3 (Drosophila)| |
| SRGN | serglycin|This gene encodes a protein best known as a hematopoietic cell granule proteoglycan. Proteoglycans stored in the secretory granules of many hematopoietic cells also contain a protease-resistant peptide core, which may be important for neutralizing hydrolytic enzymes. This encoded protein was found to be associated with the macromolecular complex of granzymes and perforin, which may serve as a mediator of granule-mediated apoptosis. Two transcript variants, only one of them protein-coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| LRRC69 | leucine rich repeat containing 69| |
| PPP1R27 | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 27| |
| CLTA | clathrin, light chain A|Clathrin is a large, soluble protein composed of heavy and light chains. It functions as the main structural component of the lattice-type cytoplasmic face of coated pits and vesicles which entrap specific macromolecules during receptor-mediated endocytosis. This gene encodes one of two clathrin light chain proteins which are believed to function as regulatory elements. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 8 and 12. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| PPP1R21 | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 21| |
| CLTC | clathrin, heavy chain (Hc)|Clathrin is a major protein component of the cytoplasmic face of intracellular organelles, called coated vesicles and coated pits. These specialized organelles are involved in the intracellular trafficking of receptors and endocytosis of a variety of macromolecules. The basic subunit of the clathrin coat is composed of three heavy chains and three light chains. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CLTB | clathrin, light chain B|Clathrin is a large, soluble protein composed of heavy and light chains. It functions as the main structural component of the lattice-type cytoplasmic face of coated pits and vesicles which entrap specific macromolecules during receptor-mediated endocytosis. This gene encodes one of two clathrin light chain proteins which are believed to function as regulatory elements. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM59L | transmembrane protein 59-like|This gene encodes a predicted type-I membrane glycoprotein. The encoded protein may play a role in functioning of the central nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GLIPR2 | GLI pathogenesis-related 2| |
| LRRC61 | leucine rich repeat containing 61| |
| NGLY1 | N-glycanase 1|This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of an N(4)-(acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine residue to N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine and a peptide containing an aspartate residue. The encoded enzyme may play a role in the proteasome-mediated degradation of misfolded glycoproteins. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| DPEP1 | dipeptidase 1 (renal)|The protein encoded by this gene is a kidney membrane enzyme involved in the metabolism of glutathione and other similar proteins by dipeptide hydrolysis. The encoded protein is known to regulate leukotriene activity by catalyzing the conversion of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4. This protein uses zinc as a cofactor and acts as a disulfide-linked homodimer. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| FLG | filaggrin|The protein encoded by this gene is an intermediate filament-associated protein that aggregates keratin intermediate filaments in mammalian epidermis. It is initially synthesized as a polyprotein precursor, profilaggrin (consisting of multiple filaggrin units of 324 aa each), which is localized in keratohyalin granules, and is subsequently proteolytically processed into individual functional filaggrin molecules. Mutations in this gene are associated with ichthyosis vulgaris.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| C7orf34 | chromosome 7 open reading frame 34| |
| NMD3 | NMD3 ribosome export adaptor|Ribosomes are composed of 60S and 40S subunits that are assembled in the nucleolus and exported to the cytoplasm through nuclear pore complexes in the nuclear envelope. NMD3 is an adaptor for 60S subunit export via the CRM1 (XPO1; MIM 602559) pathway (Trotta et al., 2003 [PubMed 12773398]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| C7orf31 | chromosome 7 open reading frame 31| |
| NLRX1 | NLR family member X1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the NLR family and localizes to the outer mitochondrial membrane. The encoded protein is a regulator of mitochondrial antivirus responses. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| BTBD10 | BTB (POZ) domain containing 10| |
| TEX40 | testis expressed 40| |
| USP27X | ubiquitin specific peptidase 27, X-linked| |
| PCOLCE | procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer|Fibrillar collagen types I-III are synthesized as precursor molecules known as procollagens. These precursors contain amino- and carboxyl-terminal peptide extensions known as N- and C-propeptides, respectively, which are cleaved, upon secretion of procollagen from the cell, to yield the mature triple helical, highly structured fibrils. This gene encodes a glycoprotein which binds and drives the enzymatic cleavage of type I procollagen and heightens C-proteinase activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPR50 | G protein-coupled receptor 50|This gene product belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Even though this protein shares similarity with the melatonin receptors, it does not bind melatonin, however, it inhibits melatonin receptor 1A function through heterodimerization. Polymorphic variants of this gene have been associated with bipolar affective disorder in women. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| PRSS3 | protease, serine, 3|This gene encodes a trypsinogen, which is a member of the trypsin family of serine proteases. This enzyme is expressed in the brain and pancreas and is resistant to common trypsin inhibitors. It is active on peptide linkages involving the carboxyl group of lysine or arginine. This gene is localized to the locus of T cell receptor beta variable orphans on chromosome 9. Four transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| EPM2A | epilepsy, progressive myoclonus type 2A, Lafora disease (laforin)|This gene encodes a dual-specificity phosphatase that associates with polyribosomes. The encoded protein may be involved in the regulation of glycogen metabolism. Mutations in this gene have been associated with myoclonic epilepsy of Lafora. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ISCA1 | iron-sulfur cluster assembly 1|ISCA1 is a mitochondrial protein involved in the biogenesis and assembly of iron-sulfur clusters, which play a role in electron-transfer reactions (Cozar-Castellano et al., 2004 [PubMed 15262227]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| HSD3B2 | hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative conversion of delta(5)-ene-3-beta-hydroxy steroid, and the oxidative conversion of ketosteroids. It plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of all classes of hormonal steroids. This gene is predominantly expressed in the adrenals and the gonads. Mutations in this gene are associated with 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, type II, deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| FAM118A | family with sequence similarity 118, member A| |
| FAM118B | family with sequence similarity 118, member B| |
| LMX1A | LIM homeobox transcription factor 1, alpha|This gene encodes a homeodomain and LIM-domain containing protein. The encoded protein is a transcription factor that acts as a positive regulator of insulin gene transcription. This gene also plays a role in the development of dopamine producing neurons during embryogenesis. Mutations in this gene are associated with an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| ZCCHC24 | zinc finger, CCHC domain containing 24| |
| LMX1B | LIM homeobox transcription factor 1, beta|This gene encodes a member of LIM-homeodomain family of proteins containing two N-terminal zinc-binding LIM domains, 1 homeodomain, and a C-terminal glutamine-rich domain. It functions as a transcription factor, and is essential for the normal development of dorsal limb structures, the glomerular basement membrane, the anterior segment of the eye, and dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons. Mutations in this gene are associated with nail-patella syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| RECQL | RecQ helicase-like|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RecQ DNA helicase family. DNA helicases are enzymes involved in various types of DNA repair, including mismatch repair, nucleotide excision repair and direct repair. Some members of this family are associated with genetic disorders with predisposition to malignancy and chromosomal instability. The biological function of this helicase has not yet been determined. Two alternatively spliced transcripts, which encode the same isoform but differ in their 5' and 3' UTRs, have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD300C | CD300c molecule|The CMRF35 antigen, which was identified by reactivity with a monoclonal antibody, is present on monocytes, neutrophils, and some T and B lymphocytes (Jackson et al., 1992 [PubMed 1349532]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SRPRB | signal recognition particle receptor, B subunit|The protein encoded by this gene has similarity to mouse protein which is a subunit of the signal recognition particle receptor (SR). This subunit is a transmembrane GTPase belonging to the GTPase superfamily. It anchors alpha subunit, a peripheral membrane GTPase, to the ER membrane. SR is required for the cotranslational targeting of both secretory and membrane proteins to the ER membrane. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MISP | mitotic spindle positioning| |
| SGCA | sarcoglycan, alpha (50kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein)|This gene encodes a component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), which is critical to the stability of muscle fiber membranes and to the linking of the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. Its expression is thought to be restricted to striated muscle. Mutations in this gene result in type 2D autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| SIK3 | SIK family kinase 3| |
| PYDC2 | pyrin domain containing 2| |
| NPY2R | neuropeptide Y receptor Y2| |
| PRKRIR | protein-kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA dependent inhibitor, repressor of (P58 repressor)| |
| ACTR8 | ARP8 actin-related protein 8 homolog (yeast)| |
| BAIAP3 | BAI1-associated protein 3|This p53-target gene encodes a brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor. The protein is a seven-span transmembrane protein and a member of the secretin receptor family. It interacts with the cytoplasmic region of brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1. This protein also contains two C2 domains, which are often found in proteins involved in signal transduction or membrane trafficking. Its expression pattern and similarity to other proteins suggest that it may be involved in synaptic functions. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| BAIAP2 | BAI1-associated protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene has been identified as a brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (BAI1)-binding protein. This adaptor protein links membrane bound G-proteins to cytoplasmic effector proteins. This protein functions as an insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate and suggests a role for insulin in the central nervous system. It also associates with a downstream effector of Rho small G proteins, which is associated with the formation of stress fibers and cytokinesis. This protein is involved in lamellipodia and filopodia formation in motile cells and may affect neuronal growth-cone guidance. This protein has also been identified as interacting with the dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy gene, which is associated with an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| ACTR5 | ARP5 actin-related protein 5 homolog (yeast)| |
| UQCRC1 | ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein I| |
| ACTR3 | ARP3 actin-related protein 3 homolog (yeast)|The specific function of this gene has not yet been determined; however, the protein it encodes is known to be a major constituent of the ARP2/3 complex. This complex is located at the cell surface and is essential to cell shape and motility through lamellipodial actin assembly and protrusion. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| MALSU1 | mitochondrial assembly of ribosomal large subunit 1| |
| FOXP2 | forkhead box P2|This gene encodes a member of the forkhead/winged-helix (FOX) family of transcription factors. It is expressed in fetal and adult brain as well as in several other organs such as the lung and gut. The protein product contains a FOX DNA-binding domain and a large polyglutamine tract and is an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor, which may bind directly to approximately 300 to 400 gene promoters in the human genome to regulate the expression of a variety of genes. This gene is required for proper development of speech and language regions of the brain during embryogenesis, and may be involved in a variety of biological pathways and cascades that may ultimately influence language development. Mutations in this gene cause speech-language disorder 1 (SPCH1), also known as autosomal dominant speech and language disorder with orofacial dyspraxia. Multiple alternative transcripts encoding different isoforms have been identified in this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| GPANK1 | G patch domain and ankyrin repeats 1|This gene is located in a cluster of HLA-B-associated transcripts, which is included in the human major histocompatability complex III region. This gene encodes a protein which is thought to play a role in immunity. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| WBSCR27 | Williams Beuren syndrome chromosome region 27|This gene encodes a protein belonging to ubiE/COQ5 methyltransferase family. The gene is deleted in Williams syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at 7q11.22-q11.23. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WBSCR22 | Williams Beuren syndrome chromosome region 22|This gene encodes a protein containing a nuclear localization signal and an S-adenosyl-L-methionine binding motif typical of methyltransferases, suggesting that the encoded protein may act on DNA methylation. This gene is deleted in Williams syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at 7q11.23. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| FOXP3 | forkhead box P3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the forkhead/winged-helix family of transcriptional regulators. Defects in this gene are the cause of immunodeficiency polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome (IPEX), also known as X-linked autoimmunity-immunodeficiency syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PDE3A | phosphodiesterase 3A, cGMP-inhibited|This gene encodes a member of the cGMP-inhibited cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (cGI-PDE) family. cGI-PDE enzymes hydrolyze both cAMP and cGMP, and play critical roles in many cellular processes by regulating the amplitude and duration of intracellular cyclic nucleotide signals. The encoded protein mediates platelet aggregation and also plays important roles in cardiovascular function by regulating vascular smooth muscle contraction and relaxation. Inhibitors of the encoded protein may be effective in treating congestive heart failure. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| MCOLN2 | mucolipin 2|Mucolipins constitute a family of cation channel proteins with homology to the transient receptor potential superfamily. In mammals, the mucolipin family includes 3 members, MCOLN1 (MIM 605248), MCOLN2, and MCOLN3 (MIM 607400), that exhibit a common 6-membrane-spanning topology. Homologs of mammalian mucolipins exist in Drosophila and C. elegans. Mutations in the human MCOLN1 gene cause mucolipodosis IV (MIM 262650) (Karacsonyi et al., 2007 [PubMed 17662026]).[supplied by OMIM, Sep 2009] |
| WBSCR28 | Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosome region 28| |
| CRIPAK | cysteine-rich PAK1 inhibitor|CRIPAK is a negative regulator of PAK1 (MIM 602590) that is upregulated by estrogen (Talukder et al., 2006 [PubMed 16278681]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| GNRHR | gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor|This gene encodes the receptor for type 1 gonadotropin-releasing hormone. This receptor is a member of the seven-transmembrane, G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family. It is expressed on the surface of pituitary gonadotrope cells as well as lymphocytes, breast, ovary, and prostate. Following binding of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, the receptor associates with G-proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Activation of the receptor ultimately causes the release of gonadotropic luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Defects in this gene are a cause of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. More than 18 transcription initiation sites in the 5' region and multiple polyA signals in the 3' region have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MTG1 | mitochondrial ribosome-associated GTPase 1| |
| SPINK13 | serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 13 (putative)| |
| HYDIN | HYDIN, axonemal central pair apparatus protein|This gene encodes a protein that may be involved in cilia motility. Mutations in this gene cause of autosomal recessive primary ciliary dyskinesia-5, a disorder characterized by the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain. A duplicate copy of this gene has been found in humans on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| CNR1 | cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)|This gene encodes one of two cannabinoid receptors. The cannabinoids, principally delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and synthetic analogs, are psychoactive ingredients of marijuana. The cannabinoid receptors are members of the guanine-nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein) coupled receptor family, which inhibit adenylate cyclase activity in a dose-dependent, stereoselective and pertussis toxin-sensitive manner. The two receptors have been found to be involved in the cannabinoid-induced CNS effects (including alterations in mood and cognition) experienced by users of marijuana. Multiple transcript variants encoding two different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| CNR2 | cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)|The cannabinoid delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol is the principal psychoactive ingredient of marijuana. The proteins encoded by this gene and the cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain) (CNR1) gene have the characteristics of a guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein)-coupled receptor for cannabinoids. They inhibit adenylate cyclase activity in a dose-dependent, stereoselective, and pertussis toxin-sensitive manner. These proteins have been found to be involved in the cannabinoid-induced CNS effects (including alterations in mood and cognition) experienced by users of marijuana. The cannabinoid receptors are members of family 1 of the G-protein-coupled receptors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MSL2 | male-specific lethal 2 homolog (Drosophila)| |
| POLDIP3 | polymerase (DNA-directed), delta interacting protein 3|This gene encodes an RRM (RNA recognition motif)-containing protein that participates in the regulation of translation by recruiting ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 to mRNAs. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| POLDIP2 | polymerase (DNA-directed), delta interacting protein 2|This gene encodes a protein that interacts with the DNA polymerase delta p50 subunit, as well as with proliferating cell nuclear antigen. The encoded protein maybe play a role in the ability of the replication fork to bypass DNA lesions. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| GP1BA | glycoprotein Ib (platelet), alpha polypeptide|Glycoprotein Ib (GP Ib) is a platelet surface membrane glycoprotein composed of a heterodimer, an alpha chain and a beta chain, that is linked by disulfide bonds. The Gp Ib functions as a receptor for von Willebrand factor (VWF). The complete receptor complex includes noncovalent association of the alpha and beta subunits with platelet glycoprotein IX and platelet glycoprotein V. The binding of the GP Ib-IX-V complex to VWF facilitates initial platelet adhesion to vascular subendothelium after vascular injury, and also initiates signaling events within the platelet that lead to enhanced platelet activation, thrombosis, and hemostasis. This gene encodes the alpha subunit. Mutations in this gene result in Bernard-Soulier syndromes and platelet-type von Willebrand disease. The coding region of this gene is known to contain a polymophic variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) domain that is associated with susceptibility to nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2013] |
| GP1BB | glycoprotein Ib (platelet), beta polypeptide|Platelet glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) is a heterodimeric transmembrane protein consisting of a disulfide-linked 140 kD alpha chain and 22 kD beta chain. It is part of the GPIb-V-IX system that constitutes the receptor for von Willebrand factor (VWF), and mediates platelet adhesion in the arterial circulation. GPIb alpha chain provides the VWF binding site, and GPIb beta contributes to surface expression of the receptor and participates in transmembrane signaling through phosphorylation of its intracellular domain. Mutations in the GPIb beta subunit have been associated with Bernard-Soulier syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome and giant platelet disorder. The 206 amino acid precursor of GPIb beta is synthesized from a 1.0 kb mRNA expressed in plateletes and megakaryocytes. A 411 amino acid protein arising from a longer, unspliced transcript in endothelial cells has been described; however, the authenticity of this product has been questioned. Yet another less abundant GPIb beta mRNA species of 3.5 kb, expressed in nonhematopoietic tissues such as endothelium, brain and heart, was shown to result from inefficient usage of a non-consensus polyA signal in the neighboring upstream gene (SEPT5, septin 5). In the absence of polyadenylation from its own imperfect site, the SEPT5 gene produces read-through transcripts that use the consensus polyA signal of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| RAPGEFL1 | Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)-like 1| |
| GTDC1 | glycosyltransferase-like domain containing 1| |
| ALDH18A1 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 18 family, member A1|This gene is a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase family and encodes a bifunctional ATP- and NADPH-dependent mitochondrial enzyme with both gamma-glutamyl kinase and gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase activities. The encoded protein catalyzes the reduction of glutamate to delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, a critical step in the de novo biosynthesis of proline, ornithine and arginine. Mutations in this gene lead to hyperammonemia, hypoornithinemia, hypocitrullinemia, hypoargininemia and hypoprolinemia and may be associated with neurodegeneration, cataracts and connective tissue diseases. Alternatively spliced transcript variants, encoding different isoforms, have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TSEN2 | TSEN2 tRNA splicing endonuclease subunit|This gene encodes one of the subunits of the tRNA splicing endonuclease. This endonuclease catalyzes the first step in RNA splicing which is the removal of introns. Mutations in this gene have been associated with pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 4. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| TIAF1 | TGFB1-induced anti-apoptotic factor 1| |
| ICOS | inducible T-cell co-stimulator|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the CD28 and CTLA-4 cell-surface receptor family. It forms homodimers and plays an important role in cell-cell signaling, immune responses, and regulation of cell proliferation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HHEX | hematopoietically expressed homeobox|This gene encodes a member of the homeobox family of transcription factors, many of which are involved in developmental processes. Expression in specific hematopoietic lineages suggests that this protein may play a role in hematopoietic differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACTN2 | actinin, alpha 2|Alpha actinins belong to the spectrin gene superfamily which represents a diverse group of cytoskeletal proteins, including the alpha and beta spectrins and dystrophins. Alpha actinin is an actin-binding protein with multiple roles in different cell types. In nonmuscle cells, the cytoskeletal isoform is found along microfilament bundles and adherens-type junctions, where it is involved in binding actin to the membrane. In contrast, skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle isoforms are localized to the Z-disc and analogous dense bodies, where they help anchor the myofibrillar actin filaments. This gene encodes a muscle-specific, alpha actinin isoform that is expressed in both skeletal and cardiac muscles. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| PTPRU | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, U|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP possesses an extracellular region, a single transmembrane region, and two tandem intracellular catalytic domains, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. The extracellular region contains a meprin-A5 antigen-PTP (MAM) domain, Ig-like and fibronectin type III-like repeats. This PTP was thought to play roles in cell-cell recognition and adhesion. Studies of the similar gene in mice suggested the role of this PTP in early neural development. The expression of this gene was reported to be regulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or calcium ionophore in Jurkat T lymphoma cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| NUP85 | nucleoporin 85kDa|This gene encodes a protein component of the Nup107-160 subunit of the nuclear pore complex. Nuclear pore complexes are embedded in the nuclear envelope and promote bidirectional transport of macromolecules between the cytoplasm and nucleus. The encoded protein can also bind to the C-terminus of chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) and promote chemotaxis of monocytes, thereby participating in the inflammatory response. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| TGS1 | trimethylguanosine synthase 1| |
| COPS4 | COP9 signalosome subunit 4|This gene encodes one of eight subunits composing COP9 signalosome, a highly conserved protein complex that functions as an important regulator in multiple signaling pathways. The structure and function of COP9 signalosome is similar to that of the 19S regulatory particle of 26S proteasome. COP9 signalosome has been shown to interact with SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligases and act as a positive regulator of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| ANKS1B | ankyrin repeat and sterile alpha motif domain containing 1B|This gene encodes a multi-domain protein that is predominantly expressed in brain and testis. This protein interacts with amyloid beta protein precursor (AbetaPP) and may have a role in normal brain development, and in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Expression of this gene has been shown to be elevated in patients with pre-B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia associated with t(1;19) translocation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms (some with different subcellular localization, PMID:15004329) have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| C1orf74 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 74| |
| KHDRBS2 | KH domain containing, RNA binding, signal transduction associated 2| |
| IDUA | iduronidase, alpha-L-|This gene encodes an enzyme that hydrolyzes the terminal alpha-L-iduronic acid residues of two glycosaminoglycans, dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate. This hydrolysis is required for the lysosomal degradation of these glycosaminoglycans. Mutations in this gene that result in enzymatic deficiency lead to the autosomal recessive disease mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC40A1 | solute carrier family 40 (iron-regulated transporter), member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a cell membrane protein that may be involved in iron export from duodenal epithelial cells. Defects in this gene are a cause of hemochromatosis type 4 (HFE4). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF592 | zinc finger protein 592|This gene is thought to play a role in a complex developmental pathway and the regulation of genes involved in cerebellar development. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| ZNF593 | zinc finger protein 593| |
| SPERT | spermatid associated| |
| GLB1 | galactosidase, beta 1|This gene encodes beta-galactosidase-1, a lysosomal enzyme that hydrolyzes the terminal beta-galactose from ganglioside substrates and other glycoconjugates. Defects in this gene are the cause of GM1-gangliosidosis and Morquio B syndrome. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| CLP1 | cleavage and polyadenylation factor I subunit 1|This gene encodes a member of the Clp1 family. The encoded protein is a multifunctional kinase which is a component of the tRNA splicing endonuclease complex and a component of the pre-mRNA cleavage complex II. This protein is implicated in tRNA, mRNA, and siRNA maturation. Mutations in this gene are associated with pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 10 (PCH10). Alternatively splice transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| GNRH2 | gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a preproprotein that is cleaved to form a secreted 10 aa peptide hormone. The secreted decapeptide regulates reproduction in females by stimulating the secretion of both luteinizing- and follicle-stimulating hormones. Three transcript variants that encode unique proproteins but the same peptide hormone have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MORF4L1 | mortality factor 4 like 1| |
| PITPNM3 | PITPNM family member 3|This gene encodes a member of a family of membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol transfer domain-containing proteins. The calcium-binding protein has phosphatidylinositol (PI) transfer activity and interacts with the protein tyrosine kinase PTK2B (also known as PYK2). The protein is homologous to a Drosophila protein that is implicated in the visual transduction pathway in flies. Mutations in this gene result in autosomal dominant cone dystrophy. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| PITPNM2 | phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, membrane-associated 2|PITPNM2 belongs to a family of membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol transfer domain-containing proteins that share homology with the Drosophila retinal degeneration B (rdgB) protein (Ocaka et al., 2005 [PubMed 15627748]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| COCH | cochlin|The protein encoded by this gene is highly conserved in human, mouse, and chicken, showing 94% and 79% amino acid identity of human to mouse and chicken sequences, respectively. Hybridization to this gene was detected in spindle-shaped cells located along nerve fibers between the auditory ganglion and sensory epithelium. These cells accompany neurites at the habenula perforata, the opening through which neurites extend to innervate hair cells. This and the pattern of expression of this gene in chicken inner ear paralleled the histologic findings of acidophilic deposits, consistent with mucopolysaccharide ground substance, in temporal bones from DFNA9 (autosomal dominant nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness 9) patients. Mutations that cause DFNA9 have been reported in this gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. Additional splice variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described but their biological validities have not been demonstrated. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| GPATCH8 | G patch domain containing 8|The protein encoded by this gene contains an RNA-processing domain, a zinc finger domain, a lysine-rich region and a serine-rich region. A mutation in the serine-rich region of the protein is thought to be associated with hyperuricemia (PMID: 21594610). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| PRPF38B | pre-mRNA processing factor 38B| |
| CPED1 | cadherin-like and PC-esterase domain containing 1| |
| MDGA1 | MAM domain containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor 1| |
| POGLUT1 | protein O-glucosyltransferase 1|This gene encodes a protein with both O-glucosyltransferase and O-xylosyltransferase activity which localizes to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. This protein has a carboxy-terminal KTEL motif which is predicted to function as an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal. This gene is an essential regulator of Notch signalling and likely plays a role in cell fate and tissue formation during development. It may also play a role in the pathogenesis of leukemia. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the autosomal dominant genodermatosis Dowling-Degos disease 4. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| GTSF1 | gametocyte specific factor 1| |
| ADAM10 | ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10|Members of the ADAM family are cell surface proteins with a unique structure possessing both potential adhesion and protease domains. This gene encodes and ADAM family member that cleaves many proteins including TNF-alpha and E-cadherin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADAM11 | ADAM metallopeptidase domain 11|This gene encodes a member of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) protein family. Members of this family are membrane-anchored proteins structurally related to snake venom disintegrins, and have been implicated in a variety of biological processes involving cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, including fertilization, muscle development, and neurogenesis. This gene represents a candidate tumor suppressor gene for human breast cancer based on its location within a minimal region of chromosome 17q21 previously defined by tumor deletion mapping. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| ADAM12 | ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12|This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins that are structurally related to snake venom disintegrins and have been implicated in a variety of biological processes involving cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, including fertilization, muscle development, and neurogenesis. Expression of this gene has been used as a maternal serum marker for pre-natal development. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Shorter isoforms are secreted, while longer isoforms are membrane-bound form. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| ADAM15 | ADAM metallopeptidase domain 15|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) protein family. ADAM family members are type I transmembrane glycoproteins known to be involved in cell adhesion and proteolytic ectodomain processing of cytokines and adhesion molecules. This protein contains multiple functional domains including a zinc-binding metalloprotease domain, a disintegrin-like domain, as well as a EGF-like domain. Through its disintegrin-like domain, this protein specifically interacts with the integrin beta chain, beta 3. It also interacts with Src family protein-tyrosine kinases in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, suggesting that this protein may function in cell-cell adhesion as well as in cellular signaling. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADAM17 | ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17|This gene encodes a member of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain) family. Members of this family are membrane-anchored proteins structurally related to snake venom disintegrins, and have been implicated in a variety of biologic processes involving cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, including fertilization, muscle development, and neurogenesis. The protein encoded by this gene functions as a tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme; binds mitotic arrest deficient 2 protein; and also plays a prominent role in the activation of the Notch signaling pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADAM19 | ADAM metallopeptidase domain 19|This gene encodes a member of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain) family. Members of this family are membrane-anchored proteins structurally related to snake venom disintegrins and have been implicated in a variety of biological processes involving cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, including fertilization, muscle development, and neurogenesis. This member is a type I transmembrane protein and serves as a marker for dendritic cell differentiation. It has been demonstrated to be an active metalloproteinase, which may be involved in normal physiological processes such as cell migration, cell adhesion, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, and signal transduction. It is proposed to play a role in pathological processes, such as cancer, inflammatory diseases, renal diseases, and Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| GLYATL3 | glycine-N-acyltransferase-like 3| |
| FAM199X | family with sequence similarity 199, X-linked| |
| CPNE9 | copine family member IX| |
| MEPE | matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein|This gene encodes a secreted calcium-binding phosphoprotein that belongs to the small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) family of proteins. Members of this family are components of the extracellular matrix of bone and dentin and regulate bone mineralization. Deficiency of a similar protein in mouse results in increased bone mass. Mice lacking this gene are resistant to aging-related trabecular bone loss. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| MMP25 | matrix metallopeptidase 25|Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMPs are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. However, the protein encoded by this gene is a member of the membrane-type MMP (MT-MMP) subfamily, attached to the plasma membrane via a glycosylphosphatidyl inositol anchor. In response to bacterial infection or inflammation, the encoded protein is thought to inactivate alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor, a major tissue protectant against proteolytic enzymes released by activated neutrophils, facilitating the transendothelial migration of neutrophils to inflammatory sites. The encoded protein may also play a role in tumor invasion and metastasis through activation of MMP2. The gene has previously been referred to as MMP20 but has been renamed MMP25. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HAGH | hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase|The enzyme encoded by this gene is classified as a thiolesterase and is responsible for the hydrolysis of S-lactoyl-glutathione to reduced glutathione and D-lactate. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2013] |
| CPNE2 | copine II|Calcium-dependent membrane-binding proteins may regulate molecular events at the interface of the cell membrane and cytoplasm. This gene is one of several genes that encode a calcium-dependent protein containing two N-terminal type II C2 domains and an integrin A domain-like sequence in the C-terminus. Sequence analysis identified multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants but their full-length natures could not be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CPNE1 | copine I|Calcium-dependent membrane-binding proteins may regulate molecular events at the interface of the cell membrane and cytoplasm. This gene encodes a calcium-dependent protein that also contains two N-terminal type II C2 domains and an integrin A domain-like sequence in the C-terminus. However, the encoded protein does not contain a predicted signal sequence or transmembrane domains. This protein has a broad tissue distribution and it may function in membrane trafficking. This gene and the gene for RNA binding motif protein 12 overlap at map location 20q11.21. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| CPNE7 | copine VII|This gene encodes a member of the copine family, which is composed of calcium-dependent membrane-binding proteins. The gene product contains two N-terminal C2 domains and one von Willebrand factor A domain. The encoded protein may be involved in membrane trafficking. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| CPNE6 | copine VI (neuronal)|This gene encodes a member of the copine family. Members of this family are calcium-dependent, phospholipid-binding proteins with C2 domains, two calcium- and phospholipid-binding domains. Through their domain structure and lipid binding capabilities, these proteins may play a role in membrane trafficking. This protein is thought to be brain-specific and has a domain structure of two N-terminal C2 domains and one von Willebrand factor A domain. It may have a role in synaptic plasticity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| CPNE5 | copine V|Calcium-dependent membrane-binding proteins may regulate molecular events at the interface of the cell membrane and cytoplasm. This gene is one of several genes that encode a calcium-dependent protein containing two N-terminal type II C2 domains and an integrin A domain-like sequence in the C-terminus. Sequence analysis identified multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants but their full-length natures could not be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CPNE4 | copine IV|This gene belongs to the highly conserved copine family. It encodes a calcium-dependent, phospholipid-binding protein, which may be involved in membrane trafficking, mitogenesis and development. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| WNT8A | wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 8A|The WNT gene family consists of structurally related genes which encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. This gene is a member of the WNT gene family, and may be implicated in development of early embryos as well as germ cell tumors. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| WNT8B | wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 8B|The WNT gene family consists of structurally related genes which encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. This gene is a member of the WNT gene family. It encodes a protein which shows 95%, 86% and 71% amino acid identity to the mouse, zebrafish and Xenopus Wnt8B proteins, respectively. The expression patterns of the human and mouse genes appear identical and are restricted to the developing brain. The chromosomal location of this gene to 10q24 suggests it as a candidate gene for partial epilepsy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PYCARD | PYD and CARD domain containing|This gene encodes an adaptor protein that is composed of two protein-protein interaction domains: a N-terminal PYRIN-PAAD-DAPIN domain (PYD) and a C-terminal caspase-recruitment domain (CARD). The PYD and CARD domains are members of the six-helix bundle death domain-fold superfamily that mediates assembly of large signaling complexes in the inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathways via the activation of caspase. In normal cells, this protein is localized to the cytoplasm; however, in cells undergoing apoptosis, it forms ball-like aggregates near the nuclear periphery. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DNMT3B | DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 beta|CpG methylation is an epigenetic modification that is important for embryonic development, imprinting, and X-chromosome inactivation. Studies in mice have demonstrated that DNA methylation is required for mammalian development. This gene encodes a DNA methyltransferase which is thought to function in de novo methylation, rather than maintenance methylation. The protein localizes primarily to the nucleus and its expression is developmentally regulated. Mutations in this gene cause the immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome. Eight alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. The full length sequences of variants 4 and 5 have not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| OPALIN | oligodendrocytic myelin paranodal and inner loop protein| |
| MMP24 | matrix metallopeptidase 24 (membrane-inserted)|Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. However, the protein encoded by this gene is a member of the membrane-type MMP (MT-MMP) subfamily; each member of this subfamily contains a potential transmembrane domain suggesting that these proteins are expressed at the cell surface rather than secreted. This protein activates MMP2 by cleavage. The gene has previously been referred to as MMP25 but has been renamed MMP24. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DNMT3A | DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 alpha|CpG methylation is an epigenetic modification that is important for embryonic development, imprinting, and X-chromosome inactivation. Studies in mice have demonstrated that DNA methylation is required for mammalian development. This gene encodes a DNA methyltransferase that is thought to function in de novo methylation, rather than maintenance methylation. The protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus and its expression is developmentally regulated. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF121 | zinc finger protein 121| |
| DNMT3L | DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3-like|CpG methylation is an epigenetic modification that is important for embryonic development, imprinting, and X-chromosome inactivation. Studies in mice have demonstrated that DNA methylation is required for mammalian development. This gene encodes a nuclear protein with similarity to DNA methyltransferases, but is not thought to function as a DNA methyltransferase as it does not contain the amino acid residues necessary for methyltransferase activity. However, it does stimulate de novo methylation by DNA cytosine methyltransferase 3 alpha and is thought to be required for the establishment of maternal genomic imprints. This protein also mediates transcriptional repression through interaction with histone deacetylase 1. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| RABEPK | Rab9 effector protein with kelch motifs| |
| U2AF1L4 | U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1-like 4| |
| SNRPN | small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N|The protein encoded by this gene is one polypeptide of a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex and belongs to the snRNP SMB/SMN family. The protein plays a role in pre-mRNA processing, possibly tissue-specific alternative splicing events. Although individual snRNPs are believed to recognize specific nucleic acid sequences through RNA-RNA base pairing, the specific role of this family member is unknown. The protein arises from a bicistronic transcript that also encodes a protein identified as the SNRPN upstream reading frame (SNURF). Multiple transcription initiation sites have been identified and extensive alternative splicing occurs in the 5' untranslated region. Additional splice variants have been described but sequences for the complete transcripts have not been determined. The 5' UTR of this gene has been identified as an imprinting center. Alternative splicing or deletion caused by a translocation event in this paternally-expressed region is responsible for Angelman syndrome or Prader-Willi syndrome due to parental imprint switch failure. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NDEL1 | nudE neurodevelopment protein 1-like 1|This gene encodes a coiled-coil protein that plays a role in multiple processes including cytoskeletal organization, cell signaling and neuron migration, outgrowth and maintenance. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| SNRPB | small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptides B and B1|The protein encoded by this gene is one of several nuclear proteins that are found in common among U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs). These snRNPs are involved in pre-mRNA splicing, and the encoded protein may also play a role in pre-mRNA splicing or snRNP structure. Autoantibodies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus frequently recognize epitopes on the encoded protein. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms (B and B') have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SNRPC | small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide C|This gene encodes one of the specific protein components of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particle required for the formation of the spliceosome. The encoded protein participates in the processing of nuclear precursor messenger RNA splicing. snRNP particles are attacked by autoantibodies frequently produced by patients with connective tissue diseases. The genome contains several pseudogenes of this functional gene. Alternative splicing results in a non-coding transcript variant.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| SNRPA | small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide A|The protein encoded by this gene associates with stem loop II of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein, which binds the 5' splice site of precursor mRNAs and is required for splicing. The encoded protein autoregulates itself by polyadenylation inhibition of its own pre-mRNA via dimerization and has been implicated in the coupling of splicing and polyadenylation. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| SHANK3 | SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3|This gene is a member of the Shank gene family. Shank proteins are multidomain scaffold proteins of the postsynaptic density that connect neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, and other membrane proteins to the actin cytoskeleton and G-protein-coupled signaling pathways. Shank proteins also play a role in synapse formation and dendritic spine maturation. Mutations in this gene are a cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, and restricted behavioral patterns and interests. Mutations in this gene also cause schizophrenia type 15, and are a major causative factor in the neurological symptoms of 22q13.3 deletion syndrome, which is also known as Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Additional isoforms have been described for this gene but they have not yet been experimentally verified. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| SNRPG | small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G| |
| SHANK1 | SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 1| |
| SNRPE | small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide E| |
| KLC4 | kinesin light chain 4| |
| MYOZ1 | myozenin 1|The protein encoded by this gene is primarily expressed in the skeletal muscle, and belongs to the myozenin family. Members of this family function as calcineurin-interacting proteins that help tether calcineurin to the sarcomere of cardiac and skeletal muscle. They play an important role in modulation of calcineurin signaling. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| MAST1 | microtubule associated serine/threonine kinase 1| |
| PTPRK | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, K|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP possesses an extracellular region, a single transmembrane region, and two tandem catalytic domains, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. The extracellular region contains a meprin-A5 antigen-PTP mu (MAM) domain, an Ig-like domain and four fibronectin type III-like repeats. This PTP was shown to mediate homophilic intercellular interaction, possibly through the interaction with beta- and gamma-catenin at adherens junctions. Expression of this gene was found to be stimulated by TGF-beta 1, which may be important for the inhibition of keratinocyte proliferation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TECR | trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA reductase|This gene encodes a multi-pass membrane protein that resides in the endoplasmic reticulum, and belongs to the steroid 5-alpha reductase family. The elongation of microsomal long and very long chain fatty acid consists of 4 sequential reactions. This protein catalyzes the final step, reducing trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA to saturated acyl-CoA. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011] |
| RGS9BP | regulator of G protein signaling 9 binding protein|The protein encoded by this gene functions as a regulator of G protein-coupled receptor signaling in phototransduction. Studies in bovine and mouse show that this gene is expressed only in the retina, and is localized in the rod outer segment membranes. This protein is associated with a heterotetrameric complex, specifically interacting with the regulator of G-protein signaling 9, and appears to function as the membrane anchor for the other largely soluble interacting partners. Mutations in this gene are associated with prolonged electroretinal response suppression (PERRS), also known as bradyopsia. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| UCP2 | uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)|Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCP) are members of the larger family of mitochondrial anion carrier proteins (MACP). UCPs separate oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis with energy dissipated as heat, also referred to as the mitochondrial proton leak. UCPs facilitate the transfer of anions from the inner to the outer mitochondrial membrane and the return transfer of protons from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane. They also reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential in mammalian cells. Tissue specificity occurs for the different UCPs and the exact methods of how UCPs transfer H+/OH- are not known. UCPs contain the three homologous protein domains of MACPs. This gene is expressed in many tissues, with the greatest expression in skeletal muscle. It is thought to play a role in nonshivering thermogenesis, obesity and diabetes. Chromosomal order is 5'-UCP3-UCP2-3'. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLCB1 | phospholipase C, beta 1 (phosphoinositide-specific)|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. This reaction uses calcium as a cofactor and plays an important role in the intracellular transduction of many extracellular signals. This gene is activated by two G-protein alpha subunits, alpha-q and alpha-11. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAST4 | microtubule associated serine/threonine kinase family member 4|This gene encodes a member of the microtubule-associated serine/threonine protein kinases. The proteins in this family contain a domain that gives the kinase the ability to determine its own scaffold to control the effects of their kinase activities. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| PTPRH | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, H|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP possesses an extracellular region, a single transmembrane region, and a single intracytoplasmic catalytic domain, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. The extracellular region contains eight fibronectin type III-like repeats and multiple N-glycosylation sites. The gene was shown to be expressed primarily in brain and liver, and at a lower level in heart and stomach. It was also found to be expressed in several cancer cell lines, but not in the corresponding normal tissues. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| NPIPA1 | nuclear pore complex interacting protein family, member A1| |
| ZDHHC14 | zinc finger, DHHC-type containing 14| |
| ZDHHC17 | zinc finger, DHHC-type containing 17| |
| ZDHHC16 | zinc finger, DHHC-type containing 16| |
| ZDHHC13 | zinc finger, DHHC-type containing 13| |
| ZDHHC12 | zinc finger, DHHC-type containing 12| |
| PRKAG1 | protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 1 non-catalytic subunit|The protein encoded by this gene is a regulatory subunit of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a heterotrimer consisting of an alpha catalytic subunit, and non-catalytic beta and gamma subunits. AMPK is an important energy-sensing enzyme that monitors cellular energy status. In response to cellular metabolic stresses, AMPK is activated, and thus phosphorylates and inactivates acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and beta-hydroxy beta-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), key enzymes involved in regulating de novo biosynthesis of fatty acid and cholesterol. This subunit is one of the gamma regulatory subunits of AMPK. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRKAG3 | protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 3 non-catalytic subunit|The protein encoded by this gene is a regulatory subunit of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a heterotrimer consisting of an alpha catalytic subunit, and non-catalytic beta and gamma subunits. AMPK is an important energy-sensing enzyme that monitors cellular energy status. In response to cellular metabolic stresses, AMPK is activated, and thus phosphorylates and inactivates acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and beta-hydroxy beta-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), key enzymes involved in regulating de novo biosynthesis of fatty acid and cholesterol. This subunit is one of the gamma regulatory subunits of AMPK. It is dominantly expressed in skeletal muscle. Studies of the pig counterpart suggest that this subunit may play a key role in the regulation of energy metabolism in skeletal muscle. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRKAG2 | protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 2 non-catalytic subunit|AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric protein composed of a catalytic alpha subunit, a noncatalytic beta subunit, and a noncatalytic regulatory gamma subunit. Various forms of each of these subunits exist, encoded by different genes. AMPK is an important energy-sensing enzyme that monitors cellular energy status and functions by inactivating key enzymes involved in regulating de novo biosynthesis of fatty acid and cholesterol. This gene is a member of the AMPK gamma subunit family. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and glycogen storage disease of the heart. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| PCSK6 | proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 6|This gene encodes a member of the subtilisin-like proprotein convertase family, which includes proteases that process protein and peptide precursors trafficking through regulated or constitutive branches of the secretory pathway. The encoded protein undergoes an initial autocatalytic processing event in the ER to generate a heterodimer which exits the ER and sorts to the trans-Golgi network where a second autocatalytic event takes place and the catalytic activity is acquired. The encoded protease is constitutively secreted into the extracellular matrix and expressed in many tissues, including neuroendocrine, liver, gut, and brain. This gene encodes one of the seven basic amino acid-specific members which cleave their substrates at single or paired basic residues. Some of its substrates include transforming growth factor beta related proteins, proalbumin, and von Willebrand factor. This gene is thought to play a role in tumor progression and left-right patterning. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| PCSK7 | proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 7|This gene encodes a member of the subtilisin-like proprotein convertase family, which includes proteases that process protein and peptide precursors trafficking through regulated or constitutive branches of the secretory pathway. It encodes a type 1 membrane bound protease that is expressed in many tissues, including neuroendocrine, liver, gut, and brain. The encoded protein undergoes an initial autocatalytic processing event in the ER and then sorts to the trans-Golgi network through endosomes where a second autocatalytic event takes place and the catalytic activity is acquired. This gene encodes one of the seven basic amino acid-specific members which cleave their substrates at single or paired basic residues. It can process proalbumin and is thought to be responsible for the activation of HIV envelope glycoproteins gp160 and gp140. This gene has been implicated in the transcriptional regulation of housekeeping genes and plays a role in the regulation of iron metabolism. A t(11;14)(q23;q32) chromosome translocation associated with B-cell lymphoma occurs between this gene and its inverted counterpart. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| PCSK4 | proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 4|This gene encodes a member of the subtilisin-like proprotein convertase family, which includes proteases that process protein and peptide precursors trafficking through regulated or constitutive branches of the secretory pathway. The encoded protein undergoes an initial autocatalytic processing event in the ER to generate a heterodimer which exits the ER and sorts to subcellular compartments where a second autocatalytic even takes place and the catalytic activity is acquired. This gene encodes one of the seven basic amino acid-specific members which cleave their substrates at single or paired basic residues. The protease is expressed only in the testis, placenta, and ovary. It plays a critical role in fertilization, fetoplacental growth, and embryonic development and processes multiple prohormones including pro-pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating protein and pro-insulin-like growth factor II. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| PCSK5 | proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5|This gene encodes a member of the subtilisin-like proprotein convertase family, which includes proteases that process protein and peptide precursors trafficking through regulated or constitutive branches of the secretory pathway. The encoded protein undergoes an initial autocatalytic processing event in the ER to generate a heterodimer which exits the ER. It then sorts to the trans-Golgi network where a second autocatalytic event takes place and the catalytic activity is acquired. This encoded protein is widely expressed and one of the seven basic amino acid-specific members which cleave their substrates at single or paired basic residues. It mediates posttranslational endoproteolytic processing for several integrin alpha subunits and is thought to process prorenin, pro-membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase and HIV-1 glycoprotein gp160. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, some of which encode distinct isoforms, including a protease packaged into dense core granules (PC5A) and a type 1 membrane bound protease (PC5B). [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| HIPK3 | homeodomain interacting protein kinase 3| |
| HIPK2 | homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2|This gene encodes a conserved serine/threonine kinase that is a member of the homeodomain-interacting protein kinase family. The encoded protein interacts with homeodomain transcription factors and many other transcription factors such as p53, and can function as both a corepressor and a coactivator depending on the transcription factor and its subcellular localization. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| HIPK1 | homeodomain interacting protein kinase 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Ser/Thr family of protein kinases and HIPK subfamily. It phosphorylates homeodomain transcription factors and may also function as a co-repressor for homeodomain transcription factors. Alternative splicing results in four transcript variants encoding four distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PHYHIPL | phytanoyl-CoA 2-hydroxylase interacting protein-like| |
| HIPK4 | homeodomain interacting protein kinase 4| |
| DUSP21 | dual specificity phosphatase 21|This gene encodes a member of the dual specificity phosphatase family, specifically the low molecular weight dual specificity phosphatase family. The encoded protein localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus and functions to remove phosphate groups from phosphotyrosine and phosphothreonine residues.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| DUSP22 | dual specificity phosphatase 22| |
| DUSP23 | dual specificity phosphatase 23| |
| LEMD3 | LEM domain containing 3|This locus encodes a LEM domain-containing protein. The encoded protein functions to antagonize transforming growth factor-beta signaling at the inner nuclear membrane. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Mutations in this gene have been associated with osteopoikilosis, Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome and melorheostosis.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| LEMD2 | LEM domain containing 2| |
| DUSP26 | dual specificity phosphatase 26 (putative)|This gene encodes a member of the tyrosine phosphatase family of proteins and exhibits dual specificity by dephosphorylating tyrosine as well as serine and threonine residues. This gene has been described as both a tumor suppressor and an oncogene depending on the cellular context. This protein may regulate neuronal proliferation and has been implicated in the progression of glioblastoma through its ability to dephosphorylate the p53 tumor suppressor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| QARS | glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase|Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA by their cognate amino acid. Because of their central role in linking amino acids with nucleotide triplets contained in tRNAs, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are thought to be among the first proteins that appeared in evolution. In metazoans, 9 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases specific for glutamine (gln), glutamic acid (glu), and 7 other amino acids are associated within a multienzyme complex. Although present in eukaryotes, glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (QARS) is absent from many prokaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts, in which Gln-tRNA(Gln) is formed by transamidation of the misacylated Glu-tRNA(Gln). Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| NCAN | neurocan|Neurocan is a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan thought to be involved in the modulation of cell adhesion and migration.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002] |
| YBX2 | Y box binding protein 2|This gene encodes a nucleic acid binding protein which is highly expressed in germ cells. The encoded protein binds to a Y-box element in the promoters of certain genes but also binds to mRNA transcribed from these genes. Pseudogenes for this gene are located on chromosome 10 and 15. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| TMEM253 | transmembrane protein 253| |
| NAPG | N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein, gamma|This gene encodes soluble NSF attachment protein gamma. The soluble NSF attachment proteins (SNAPs) enable N-ethyl-maleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) to bind to target membranes. NSF and SNAPs appear to be general components of the intracellular membrane fusion apparatus, and their action at specific sites of fusion must be controlled by SNAP receptors particular to the membranes being fused. The product of this gene mediates platelet exocytosis and controls the membrane fusion events of this process.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| ESPL1 | extra spindle pole bodies homolog 1 (S. cerevisiae)|Stable cohesion between sister chromatids before anaphase and their timely separation during anaphase are critical for chromosome inheritance. In vertebrates, sister chromatid cohesion is released in 2 steps via distinct mechanisms. The first step involves phosphorylation of STAG1 (MIM 604358) or STAG2 (MIM 300826) in the cohesin complex. The second step involves cleavage of the cohesin subunit SCC1 (RAD21; MIM 606462) by ESPL1, or separase, which initiates the final separation of sister chromatids (Sun et al., 2009 [PubMed 19345191]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| NAPB | N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein, beta| |
| POFUT2 | protein O-fucosyltransferase 2|Fucose is typically found as a terminal modification of branched chain glycoconjugates, but it also exists in direct O-linkage to serine or threonine residues within cystine knot motifs in epidermal growth factor (EGF; MIM 131530)-like repeats or thrombospondin (THBS; see MIM 188060) type-1 repeats. POFUT2 is an O-fucosyltransferase that use THBS type-1 repeats as substrates (Luo et al., 2006 [PubMed 16464857]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| C3orf17 | chromosome 3 open reading frame 17| |
| RPLP0P6 | ribosomal protein, large, P0 pseudogene 6| |
| YAF2 | YY1 associated factor 2|The protein encoded by this gene interacts with YY1, a zinc finger protein involved in negative regulation of muscle-restricted genes. This gene product itself contains a single N-terminal C2-X10-C2 zinc finger, and in contrast to YY1, is up-regulated during myogenic differentiation. It also facilitates proteolytic cleavage of YY1 by the calcium- activated protease, m-calpain, suggesting a mechanism by which this protein antagonizes the negative effect of YY1. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| SP140L | SP140 nuclear body protein-like| |
| LARP4 | La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 4| |
| LARP6 | La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 6| |
| LARP7 | La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 7|This gene encodes a protein which is found in the 7SK snRNP (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein). This snRNP complex inhibits a cyclin-dependent kinase, positive transcription elongation factor b, which is required for paused RNA polymerase II at a promoter to begin transcription elongation. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 3. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| TNFSF15 | tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 15|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This protein is abundantly expressed in endothelial cells, but is not expressed in either B or T cells. The expression of this protein is inducible by TNF and IL-1 alpha. This cytokine is a ligand for receptor TNFRSF25 and decoy receptor TNFRSF21/DR6. It can activate NF-kappaB and MAP kinases, and acts as an autocrine factor to induce apoptosis in endothelial cells. This cytokine is also found to inhibit endothelial cell proliferation, and thus may function as an angiogenesis inhibitor. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| RPL19 | ribosomal protein L19|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L19E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DDX49 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 49| |
| COL15A1 | collagen, type XV, alpha 1|This gene encodes the alpha chain of type XV collagen, a member of the FACIT collagen family (fibril-associated collagens with interrupted helices). Type XV collagen has a wide tissue distribution but the strongest expression is localized to basement membrane zones so it may function to adhere basement membranes to underlying connective tissue stroma. The proteolytically produced C-terminal fragment of type XV collagen is restin, a potentially antiangiogenic protein that is closely related to endostatin. Mouse studies have shown that collagen XV deficiency is associated with muscle and microvessel deterioration. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| ODAM | odontogenic, ameloblast asssociated| |
| DDX41 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 41|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure, such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of the DEAD box protein family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a member of this family. The function of this member has not been determined. Based on studies in Drosophila, the abstrakt gene is widely required during post-transcriptional gene expression. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF175 | zinc finger protein 175| |
| EDIL3 | EGF-like repeats and discoidin I-like domains 3|The protein encoded by this gene is an integrin ligand. It plays an important role in mediating angiogenesis and may be important in vessel wall remodeling and development. It also influences endothelial cell behavior. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DDX42 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box helicase 42|This gene encodes a member of the Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD) box protein family. Members of this protein family are putative RNA helicases, and are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PTER | phosphotriesterase related| |
| DDX47 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 47|This gene encodes a member of the DEAD box protein family. DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure, such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. The protein encoded by this gene can shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, and has an RNA-independent ATPase activity. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DDX46 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 46|This gene encodes a member of the DEAD box protein family. DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure, such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the 17S U2 snRNP complex; it plays an important role in pre-mRNA splicing. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| PTEN | phosphatase and tensin homolog|This gene was identified as a tumor suppressor that is mutated in a large number of cancers at high frequency. The protein encoded by this gene is a phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase. It contains a tensin like domain as well as a catalytic domain similar to that of the dual specificity protein tyrosine phosphatases. Unlike most of the protein tyrosine phosphatases, this protein preferentially dephosphorylates phosphoinositide substrates. It negatively regulates intracellular levels of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate in cells and functions as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating AKT/PKB signaling pathway. The use of a non-canonical (CUG) upstream initiation site produces a longer isoform that initiates translation with a leucine, and is thought to be preferentially associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane. This longer isoform may help regulate energy metabolism in the mitochondria. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 9. Alternative splicing and the use of multiple translation start codons results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| PLTP | phospholipid transfer protein|The protein encoded by this gene is one of at least two lipid transfer proteins found in human plasma. The encoded protein transfers phospholipids from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins to high density lipoprotein (HDL). In addition to regulating the size of HDL particles, this protein may be involved in cholesterol metabolism. At least two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATMIN | ATM interactor| |
| EIF5A2 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A2| |
| NLN | neurolysin (metallopeptidase M3 family)|This gene encodes a member of the metallopeptidase M3 protein family that cleaves neurotensin at the Pro10-Tyr11 bond, leading to the formation of neurotensin(1-10) and neurotensin(11-13). The encoded protein is likely involved in the termination of the neurotensinergic signal in the central nervous system and in the gastrointestinal tract.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| ELAVL4 | ELAV like neuron-specific RNA binding protein 4| |
| LGR4 | leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 4|G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play key roles in a variety of physiologic functions. Members of the leucine-rich GPCR (LGR) family, such as GPR48, have multiple N-terminal leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) and a 7-transmembrane domain (Weng et al., 2008 [PubMed 18424556]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2008] |
| LGR6 | leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 6|This gene encodes a member of the leucine-rich repeat-containing subgroup of the G protein-coupled 7-transmembrane protein superfamily. The encoded protein is a glycoprotein hormone receptor with a large N-terminal extracellular domain that contains leucine-rich repeats important for the formation of a horseshoe-shaped interaction motif for ligand binding. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ELAVL1 | ELAV like RNA binding protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ELAVL family of RNA-binding proteins that contain several RNA recognition motifs, and selectively bind AU-rich elements (AREs) found in the 3' untranslated regions of mRNAs. AREs signal degradation of mRNAs as a means to regulate gene expression, thus by binding AREs, the ELAVL family of proteins play a role in stabilizing ARE-containing mRNAs. This gene has been implicated in a variety of biological processes and has been linked to a number of diseases, including cancer. It is highly expressed in many cancers, and could be potentially useful in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012] |
| ELAVL2 | ELAV like neuron-specific RNA binding protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a neural-specific RNA-binding protein that is known to bind to several 3' UTRs, including its own and also that of FOS and ID. The encoded protein may recognize a GAAA motif in the RNA. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| ELAVL3 | ELAV like neuron-specific RNA binding protein 3|A member of the ELAVL protein family, ELAV-like 3 is a neural-specific RNA-binding protein which contains three RNP-type RNA recognition motifs. The observation that ELAVL3 is one of several Hu antigens (neuronal-specific RNA-binding proteins) recognized by the anti-Hu serum antibody present in sera from patients with paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis and sensory neuronopathy (PEM/PSN) suggests it has a role in neurogenesis. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDKN1C | cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (p57, Kip2)|This gene is imprinted, with preferential expression of the maternal allele. The encoded protein is a tight-binding, strong inhibitor of several G1 cyclin/Cdk complexes and a negative regulator of cell proliferation. Mutations in this gene are implicated in sporadic cancers and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndorome, suggesting that this gene is a tumor suppressor candidate. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| LSM14B | LSM14B, SCD6 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)| |
| UBE2D4 | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2D 4 (putative)| |
| GPM6B | glycoprotein M6B|This gene encodes a membrane glycoprotein that belongs to the proteolipid protein family. Proteolipid protein family members are expressed in most brain regions and are thought to be involved in cellular housekeeping functions, such as membrane trafficking and cell-to-cell communication. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| UBE2D2 | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2D 2|Regulated degradation of misfolded, damaged or short-lived proteins in eukaryotes occurs via the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS). An integral part of the UPS system is the ubiquitination of target proteins and covalent linkage of Ub-containing proteins to form polymeric chains, marking them as targets for 26S proteasome-mediated degradation. Ubiquitination of proteins is mediated by a cascade of enzymes which includes E1 (ubiquitin activating), E2 (ubiquitin conjugating), and E3 (ubiquitin ligases) enzymes. This gene encodes a member of the E2 enzyme family. Substrates of this enzyme include the tumor suppressor protein p53 and peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 (PEX5). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| UBE2D3 | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2D 3|The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. This enzyme functions in the ubiquitination of the tumor-suppressor protein p53, which is induced by an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Multiple spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UBE2D1 | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2D 1|The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. This enzyme is closely related to a stimulator of iron transport (SFT), and is up-regulated in hereditary hemochromatosis. It also functions in the ubiquitination of the tumor-suppressor protein p53 and the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF1alpha by interacting with the E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme and the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| DPYSL5 | dihydropyrimidinase-like 5|This gene encodes a member of the CRMP (collapsing response mediator protein) family thought to be involved in neural development. Antibodies to the encoded protein were found in some patients with neurologic symptoms who had paraneoplastic syndrome. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 11. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| SETBP1 | SET binding protein 1|This gene encodes a protein which contains a several motifs including a ski homology region and a SET-binding region in addition to three nuclear localization signals. The encoded protein has been shown to bind the SET nuclear oncogene which is involved in DNA replication. Mutations in this gene are associated with Schinzel-Giedion midface retraction syndrome. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| MFNG | MFNG O-fucosylpeptide 3-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase|This gene is a member of the fringe gene family which also includes radical and lunatic fringe genes. They all encode evolutionarily conserved secreted proteins that act in the Notch receptor pathway to demarcate boundaries during embryonic development. While their genomic structure is distinct from other glycosyltransferases, fringe proteins have a fucose-specific beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity that leads to elongation of O-linked fucose residues on Notch, which alters Notch signaling. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| SAMSN1 | SAM domain, SH3 domain and nuclear localization signals 1|SAMSN1 is a member of a novel gene family of putative adaptors and scaffold proteins containing SH3 and SAM (sterile alpha motif) domains (Claudio et al., 2001 [PubMed 11536050]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| FERD3L | Fer3-like bHLH transcription factor| |
| SAP130 | Sin3A-associated protein, 130kDa|SAP130 is a subunit of the histone deacetylase (see HDAC1; MIM 601241)-dependent SIN3A (MIM 607776) corepressor complex (Fleischer et al., 2003 [PubMed 12724404]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| DNAI1 | dynein, axonemal, intermediate chain 1|This gene encodes a member of the dynein intermediate chain family. The encoded protein is part of the dynein complex in respiratory cilia. The inner- and outer-arm dyneins, which bridge between the doublet microtubules in axonemes, are the force-generating proteins responsible for the sliding movement in axonemes. The intermediate and light chains, thought to form the base of the dynein arm, help mediate attachment and may also participate in regulating dynein activity. Mutations in this gene result in abnormal ciliary ultrastructure and function associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia and Kartagener syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| APOD | apolipoprotein D|This gene encodes a component of high density lipoprotein that has no marked similarity to other apolipoprotein sequences. It has a high degree of homology to plasma retinol-binding protein and other members of the alpha 2 microglobulin protein superfamily of carrier proteins, also known as lipocalins. This glycoprotein is closely associated with the enzyme lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase - an enzyme involved in lipoprotein metabolism. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| APOE | apolipoprotein E|The protein encoded by this gene is a major apoprotein of the chylomicron. It binds to a specific liver and peripheral cell receptor, and is essential for the normal catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein constituents. This gene maps to chromosome 19 in a cluster with the related apolipoprotein C1 and C2 genes. Mutations in this gene result in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia, or type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP III), in which increased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides are the consequence of impaired clearance of chylomicron and VLDL remnants. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| APOB | apolipoprotein B|This gene product is the main apolipoprotein of chylomicrons and low density lipoproteins. It occurs in plasma as two main isoforms, apoB-48 and apoB-100: the former is synthesized exclusively in the gut and the latter in the liver. The intestinal and the hepatic forms of apoB are encoded by a single gene from a single, very long mRNA. The two isoforms share a common N-terminal sequence. The shorter apoB-48 protein is produced after RNA editing of the apoB-100 transcript at residue 2180 (CAA->UAA), resulting in the creation of a stop codon, and early translation termination. Mutations in this gene or its regulatory region cause hypobetalipoproteinemia, normotriglyceridemic hypobetalipoproteinemia, and hypercholesterolemia due to ligand-defective apoB, diseases affecting plasma cholesterol and apoB levels. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CYP11A1 | cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily A, polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the mitochondrial inner membrane and catalyzes the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone, the first and rate-limiting step in the synthesis of the steroid hormones. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. The cellular location of the smaller isoform is unclear since it lacks the mitochondrial-targeting transit peptide. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FARSB | phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, beta subunit|This gene encodes a highly conserved enzyme that belongs to the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase class IIc subfamily. This enzyme comprises the regulatory beta subunits that form a tetramer with two catalytic alpha subunits. In the presence of ATP, this tetramer is responsible for attaching L-phenylalanine to the terminal adenosine of the appropriate tRNA. A pseudogene located on chromosome 10 has been identified. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| APOO | apolipoprotein O|This gene is a member of the apolipoprotein family. Members of this protein family are involved in the transport and metabolism of lipids. The encoded protein associates with HDL, LDL and VLDL lipoproteins and is characterized by chondroitin-sulfate glycosylation. This protein may be involved in preventing lipid accumulation in the myocardium in obese and diabetic patients. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 3, 4, 5, 12 and 16.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| APOM | apolipoprotein M|The protein encoded by this gene is an apolipoprotein and member of the lipocalin protein family. It is found associated with high density lipoproteins and to a lesser extent with low density lipoproteins and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The encoded protein is secreted through the plasma membrane but remains membrane-bound, where it is involved in lipid transport. Alternate splicing results in both coding and non-coding variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| APOH | apolipoprotein H (beta-2-glycoprotein I)|Apolipoprotein H has been implicated in a variety of physiologic pathways including lipoprotein metabolism, coagulation, and the production of antiphospholipid autoantibodies. APOH may be a required cofactor for anionic phospholipid binding by the antiphospholipid autoantibodies found in sera of many patients with lupus and primary antiphospholipid syndrome, but it does not seem to be required for the reactivity of antiphospholipid autoantibodies associated with infections. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM151B | family with sequence similarity 151, member B| |
| FAM151A | family with sequence similarity 151, member A| |
| FAM104A | family with sequence similarity 104, member A| |
| FAM104B | family with sequence similarity 104, member B| |
| NFIL3 | nuclear factor, interleukin 3 regulated|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional regulator that binds as a homodimer to activating transcription factor (ATF) sites in many cellular and viral promoters. The encoded protein represses PER1 and PER2 expression and therefore plays a role in the regulation of circadian rhythm. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| EN1 | engrailed homeobox 1|Homeobox-containing genes are thought to have a role in controlling development. In Drosophila, the 'engrailed' (en) gene plays an important role during development in segmentation, where it is required for the formation of posterior compartments. Different mutations in the mouse homologs, En1 and En2, produced different developmental defects that frequently are lethal. The human engrailed homologs 1 and 2 encode homeodomain-containing proteins and have been implicated in the control of pattern formation during development of the central nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IL2 | interleukin 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted cytokine that is important for the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes. The receptor of this cytokine is a heterotrimeric protein complex whose gamma chain is also shared by interleukin 4 (IL4) and interleukin 7 (IL7). The expression of this gene in mature thymocytes is monoallelic, which represents an unusual regulatory mode for controlling the precise expression of a single gene. The targeted disruption of a similar gene in mice leads to ulcerative colitis-like disease, which suggests an essential role of this gene in the immune response to antigenic stimuli. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| REG3A | regenerating islet-derived 3 alpha|This gene encodes a pancreatic secretory protein that may be involved in cell proliferation or differentiation. It has similarity to the C-type lectin superfamily. The enhanced expression of this gene is observed during pancreatic inflammation and liver carcinogenesis. The mature protein also functions as an antimicrobial protein with antibacterial activity. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| CCDC50 | coiled-coil domain containing 50|This gene encodes a soluble, cytoplasmic, tyrosine-phosphorylated protein with multiple ubiquitin-interacting domains. Mutations in this gene cause nonsyndromic, postlingual, progressive sensorineural DFNA44 hearing loss. In mouse, the protein is expressed in the inner ear during development and postnatal maturation and associates with microtubule-based structures. This protein may also function as a negative regulator of NF-kB signaling and as an effector of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-mediated cell signaling. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| CCDC51 | coiled-coil domain containing 51| |
| FOXJ2 | forkhead box J2| |
| FOXJ3 | forkhead box J3| |
| FRAS1 | Fraser extracellular matrix complex subunit 1|This gene encodes an extracellular matrix protein that appears to function in the regulation of epidermal-basement membrane adhesion and organogenesis during development. Mutations in this gene cause Fraser syndrome, a multisystem malformation that can include craniofacial, urogenital and respiratory system abnormalities. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| TMEM123 | transmembrane protein 123|This gene encodes a highly glycosylated transmembrane protein with a high content of threonine and serine residues in its extracellular domain, similar to a broadly defined category of proteins termed mucins. Exposure of some cell types to anti-PORIMIN (pro-oncosis receptor inducing membrane injury) antibody, crosslinks this protein on the cell surface and induces a type of cell death termed oncosis. Oncosis is distinct from apoptosis and is characterized by a loss of cell membrane integrity without DNA fragmentation. This gene product is proposed to function as a cell surface receptor that mediates cell death. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CHD1L | chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 1-like|This gene encodes a DNA helicase protein involved in DNA repair. The protein converts ATP to add poly(ADP-ribose) as it regulates chromatin relaxation following DNA damage. Several alternatively spliced transcripts variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| CCDC58 | coiled-coil domain containing 58| |
| CCDC59 | coiled-coil domain containing 59| |
| C9orf72 | chromosome 9 open reading frame 72|The protein encoded by this gene plays an important role in the regulation of endosomal trafficking, and has been shown to interact with Rab proteins that are involved in autophagy and endocytic transport. Expansion of a hexanucleotide repeat in non-coding sequence between alternate 5' exons in transcripts from this gene is associated with 9p-linked ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and FTD (frontotemporal dementia) (PMID: 21944778, 21944779). Studies suggest that hexanucleotide expansions could result in the selective stabilization of repeat-containing pre-mRNA, and the accumulation of insoluble dipeptide repeat protein aggregates that could be pathogenic in FTD-ALS patients (PMID: 23393093). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| TMEM129 | transmembrane protein 129, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase| |
| TMEM128 | transmembrane protein 128| |
| PAXIP1 | PAX interacting (with transcription-activation domain) protein 1|This gene is a member of the paired box (PAX) gene family and encodes a nuclear protein with six BRCT (breast cancer carboxy-terminal) domains. This protein plays a critical role in maintaining genome stability, condensation of chromatin and progression through mitosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZMIZ2 | zinc finger, MIZ-type containing 2|ZMIZ2 and ZMIZ1 (MIM 607159) are members of a PIAS (see MIM 603566)-like family of proteins that interact with nuclear hormone receptors. ZMIZ2 interacts with androgen receptor (AR; MIM 313700) and enhances AR-mediated transcription (Huang et al., 2005 [PubMed 16051670]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2010] |
| NUFIP2 | nuclear fragile X mental retardation protein interacting protein 2| |
| VPRBP | Vpr (HIV-1) binding protein| |
| PREPL | prolyl endopeptidase-like|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the prolyl oligopeptidase subfamily of serine peptidases. Mutations in this gene have been associated with hypotonia-cystinuria syndrome, also known as the 2p21 deletion syndrome. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding either the same or different isoforms have been described for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| RPL13AP3 | ribosomal protein L13a pseudogene 3| |
| SULT4A1 | sulfotransferase family 4A, member 1|This gene encodes a member of the sulfotransferase family. The encoded protein is a brain-specific sulfotransferase believed to be involved in the metabolism of neurotransmitters. Polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DNAJB12 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 12|DNAJB12 belongs to the evolutionarily conserved DNAJ/HSP40 family of proteins, which regulate molecular chaperone activity by stimulating ATPase activity. DNAJ proteins may have up to 3 distinct domains: a conserved 70-amino acid J domain, usually at the N terminus; a glycine/phenylalanine (G/F)-rich region; and a cysteine-rich domain containing 4 motifs resembling a zinc finger domain (Ohtsuka and Hata, 2000 [PubMed 11147971]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CABP5 | calcium binding protein 5|The product of this gene belongs to a subfamily of calcium binding proteins, which share similarity to calmodulin. Calcium binding proteins are an important component of calcium mediated cellular signal transduction. Expression of this gene is retina-specific. The mouse homolog of this protein has been shown to express in the inner nuclear layer of the retina, suggested its role in neuronal functioning. The specific function of this gene is unknown. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| TMEM74B | transmembrane protein 74B| |
| CABP2 | calcium binding protein 2|This gene belongs to a subfamily of calcium binding proteins that share similarity to calmodulin. Like calmodulin, these family members can likely stimulate calmodulin-dependent kinase II and the protein phosphatase calcineurin. Calcium binding proteins are an important component of calcium mediated cellular signal transduction.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| CABP1 | calcium binding protein 1|Calcium binding proteins are an important component of calcium mediated cellular signal transduction. This gene encodes a protein that belongs to a subfamily of calcium binding proteins which share similarity to calmodulin. The protein encoded by this gene regulates the gating of voltage-gated calcium ion channels. This protein inhibits calcium-dependent inactivation and supports calcium-dependent facilitation of ion channels containing voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C. This protein also regulates calcium-dependent activity of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors, P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channels, and transient receptor potential channel TRPC5. This gene is predominantly expressed in retina and brain. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding disinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| FBXO34 | F-box protein 34|Members of the F-box protein family, such as FBXO34, are characterized by an approximately 40-amino acid F-box motif. SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases. F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains (Jin et al., 2004 [PubMed 15520277]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SLC35B3 | solute carrier family 35 (adenosine 3'-phospho 5'-phosphosulfate transporter), member B3|This gene is a member of the solute carrier family. The encoded protein is involved in the transport of 3-prime phosphoadenosine 5-prime phosphosulfate (PAPS) from the nucleus or the cytosol to the Golgi lumen. This gene has been reported to be expressed preferentially in the human colon tissues. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| SLC35B2 | solute carrier family 35 (adenosine 3'-phospho 5'-phosphosulfate transporter), member B2|Sulfotransferases (e.g., SULT4A1; MIM 608359) use an activated form of sulfate, 3-prime-phosphoadenosine 5-prime-phosphosulfate (PAPS), as a common sulfate donor for sulfation of glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycolipids in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. SLC35B2 is located in the microsomal membrane and transports PAPS from the cytosol, where it is synthesized, into the Golgi lumen (Kamiyama et al., 2003 [PubMed 12716889]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| FBXO30 | F-box protein 30|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of the ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbxs class and it is upregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC35B4 | solute carrier family 35 (UDP-xylose/UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transporter), member B4|Glycosyltransferases, such as SLC35B4, transport nucleotide sugars from the cytoplasm where they are synthesized, to the Golgi apparatus where they are utilized in the synthesis of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans (Ashikov et al., 2005 [PubMed 15911612]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| USE1 | unconventional SNARE in the ER 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| FBXO33 | F-box protein 33|This locus represents an member of the F-box gene family. The encoded protein contains an F-box motif and a domain that might form a structure similar to a leucine-rich repeat found in placental RNAse inhibitor. This locus may be associated with copy number variation of UGT2B17 (GeneID 7367), which has been associated with susceptibility to osteoporosis.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| BOP1 | block of proliferation 1| |
| CNRIP1 | cannabinoid receptor interacting protein 1|This gene encodes a protein that interacts with the C-terminal tail of cannabinoid receptor 1. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| FBXO38 | F-box protein 38|This gene encodes a large protein that contains an F-box domain and may participate in protein ubiquitination. The encoded protein is a transcriptional co-activator of Krueppel-like factor 7 (Klf7). A heterozygous mutation in this gene was found in individuals with autosomal dominant distal hereditary motor neuronopathy type IID. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 4. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| DTX4 | deltex 4, E3 ubiquitin ligase| |
| SPAG17 | sperm associated antigen 17| |
| SAT1 | spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the acetyltransferase family, and is a rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolic pathway of polyamine metabolism. It catalyzes the acetylation of spermidine and spermine, and is involved in the regulation of the intracellular concentration of polyamines and their transport out of cells. Defects in this gene are associated with keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans (KFSD). Alternatively spliced transcripts have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| PELP1 | proline, glutamate and leucine rich protein 1|This gene encodes a transcription factor which coactivates transcription of estrogen receptor responsive genes and corepresses genes activated by other hormone receptors or sequence-specific transcription factors. Expression of this gene is regulated by both members of the estrogen receptor family. This gene may be involved in the progression of several types of cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| MBOAT2 | membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 2| |
| MBOAT7 | membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7|This gene encodes a member of the membrane-bound O-acyltransferases family of integral membrane proteins that have acyltransferase activity. The encoded protein is a lysophosphatidylinositol acyltransferase that has specificity for arachidonoyl-CoA as an acyl donor. This protein is involved in the reacylation of phospholipids as part of the phospholipid remodeling pathway known as the Land cycle. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| MBOAT4 | membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 4| |
| SPSB3 | splA/ryanodine receptor domain and SOCS box containing 3| |
| SPSB2 | splA/ryanodine receptor domain and SOCS box containing 2|This gene encodes encodes a suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family member, and it belongs to the subfamily of proteins containing a central SPRY (repeats in splA and RyR) domain and a C-terminal SOCS box. This gene is present in a gene-rich cluster on chromosome 12p13 in the vicinity of the CD4 antigen and triosephosphate isomerase genes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| SPSB1 | splA/ryanodine receptor domain and SOCS box containing 1| |
| HINT1 | histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene can hydrolyze substrates such as AMP-morpholidate, AMP-N-alanine methyl ester, AMP-alpha-acetyl lysine methyl ester, and AMP-NH2. The encoded protein interacts with these substrates via a histidine triad motif, which is part of the loop that binds to the substrate. This gene has been found to be a tumor suppressing gene. Several transcript variants, but only one of them protein-coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| HINT2 | histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 2|Histidine triad proteins, such as HINT2, are nucleotide hydrolases and transferases that act on the alpha-phosphate of ribonucleotides (Brenner, 2002 [PubMed 12119013]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| HINT3 | histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 3|Histidine triad proteins, such as HINT3, are nucleotide hydrolases and transferases that act on the alpha-phosphate of ribonucleotides (Brenner, 2002 [PubMed 12119013]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SLC25A51 | solute carrier family 25, member 51| |
| SDPR | serum deprivation response|This gene encodes a calcium-independent phospholipid-binding protein whose expression increases in serum-starved cells. This protein is a substrate for protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation and recruits polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) to caveolae. Removal of this protein causes caveolae loss and its over-expression results in caveolae deformation and membrane tubulation.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| IL23A | interleukin 23, alpha subunit p19|This gene encodes a subunit of the heterodimeric cytokine interleukin 23 (IL23). IL23 is composed of this protein and the p40 subunit of interleukin 12 (IL12B). The receptor of IL23 is formed by the beta 1 subunit of IL12 (IL12RB1) and an IL23 specific subunit, IL23R. Both IL23 and IL12 can activate the transcription activator STAT4, and stimulate the production of interferon-gamma (IFNG). In contrast to IL12, which acts mainly on naive CD4(+) T cells, IL23 preferentially acts on memory CD4(+) T cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UNC79 | unc-79 homolog (C. elegans)| |
| DTX3 | deltex 3, E3 ubiquitin ligase|DTX3 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase (Takeyama et al., 2003 [PubMed 12670957]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2009] |
| CDC34 | cell division cycle 34|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme catalyzes the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to other proteins. This protein is a part of the large multiprotein complex, which is required for ubiquitin-mediated degradation of cell cycle G1 regulators, and for the initiation of DNA replication. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDC37 | cell division cycle 37|The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to Cdc 37, a cell division cycle control protein of Sacchromyces cerevisiae. This protein is a molecular chaperone with specific function in cell signal transduction. It has been shown to form complex with Hsp90 and a variety of protein kinases including CDK4, CDK6, SRC, RAF-1, MOK, as well as eIF2 alpha kinases. It is thought to play a critical role in directing Hsp90 to its target kinases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ALAS1 | 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1|This gene encodes the mitochondrial enzyme which is catalyzes the rate-limiting step in heme (iron-protoporphyrin) biosynthesis. The enzyme encoded by this gene is the housekeeping enzyme; a separate gene encodes a form of the enzyme that is specific for erythroid tissue. The level of the mature encoded protein is regulated by heme: high levels of heme down-regulate the mature enzyme in mitochondria while low heme levels up-regulate. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 12. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| ALAS2 | 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 2|The product of this gene specifies an erythroid-specific mitochondrially located enzyme. The encoded protein catalyzes the first step in the heme biosynthetic pathway. Defects in this gene cause X-linked pyridoxine-responsive sideroblastic anemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| S100A9 | S100 calcium binding protein A9|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein may function in the inhibition of casein kinase and altered expression of this protein is associated with the disease cystic fibrosis. This antimicrobial protein exhibits antifungal and antibacterial activity. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| S100A8 | S100 calcium binding protein A8|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein may function in the inhibition of casein kinase and as a cytokine. Altered expression of this protein is associated with the disease cystic fibrosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FICD | FIC domain containing| |
| EIF1 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1| |
| S100A5 | S100 calcium binding protein A5|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein has a Ca2+ affinity 20- to 100-fold higher than the other S100 proteins studied under identical conditions. This protein also binds Zn2+ and Cu2+, and Cu2+ strongly which impairs the binding of Ca2+. This protein is expressed in very restricted regions of the adult brain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BRWD3 | bromodomain and WD repeat domain containing 3|The protein encoded by this gene contains a bromodomain and several WD repeats. It is thought to have a chromatin-modifying function, and may thus play a role in transcription. Mutations in this gene cause mental retardation X-linked type 93, which is also referred to as mental retardation X-linked with macrocephaly. This gene is also associated with translocations in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| PTTG2 | pituitary tumor-transforming 2| |
| OR2T35 | olfactory receptor, family 2, subfamily T, member 35|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| S100A1 | S100 calcium binding protein A1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein may function in stimulation of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, inhibition of microtubule assembly, and inhibition of protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation. Reduced expression of this protein has been implicated in cardiomyopathies. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| S100A3 | S100 calcium binding protein A3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein has the highest content of cysteines of all S100 proteins, has a high affinity for Zinc, and is highly expressed in human hair cuticle. The precise function of this protein is unknown. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIAA0513 | KIAA0513| |
| FBXO31 | F-box protein 31|This gene is a member of the F-box family. Members are classified into three classes according to the substrate interaction domain, FBW for WD40 repeats, FBL for leucing-rich repeats, and FBXO for other domains. This protein, classified into the last category because of the lack of a recognizable substrate binding domain, has been proposed to be a component of the SCF ubiquitination complex. It is thought to bind and recruit substrate for ubiquitination and degradation. This protein may have a role in regulating the cell cycle as well as dendrite growth and neuronal migration. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| LONRF3 | LON peptidase N-terminal domain and ring finger 3|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger domain, a motif present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and known to be involved in protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been suggested, but their full length natures are not clear. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LONRF2 | LON peptidase N-terminal domain and ring finger 2| |
| LONRF1 | LON peptidase N-terminal domain and ring finger 1| |
| TCFL5 | transcription factor-like 5 (basic helix-loop-helix)| |
| JARID2 | jumonji, AT rich interactive domain 2|This gene encodes a Jumonji- and AT-rich interaction domain (ARID)-domain-containing protein. The encoded protein is a DNA-binding protein that functions as a transcriptional repressor. This protein interacts with the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) which plays an essential role in regulating gene expression during embryonic development. This protein facilitates the recruitment of the PRC2 complex to target genes. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Mutations in this gene are associated with chronic myeloid malignancies. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| EIF5 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5|Eukaryotic translation initiation factor-5 (EIF5) interacts with the 40S initiation complex to promote hydrolysis of bound GTP with concomitant joining of the 60S ribosomal subunit to the 40S initiation complex. The resulting functional 80S ribosomal initiation complex is then active in peptidyl transfer and chain elongations (summary by Si et al., 1996 [PubMed 8663286]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2010] |
| ALDH3A1 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1|Aldehyde dehydrogenases oxidize various aldehydes to the corresponding acids. They are involved in the detoxification of alcohol-derived acetaldehyde and in the metabolism of corticosteroids, biogenic amines, neurotransmitters, and lipid peroxidation. The enzyme encoded by this gene forms a cytoplasmic homodimer that preferentially oxidizes aromatic and medium-chain (6 carbons or more) saturated and unsaturated aldehyde substrates. It is thought to promote resistance to UV and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-induced oxidative damage in the cornea. The gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| APLNR | apelin receptor|This gene encodes a member of the G protein-coupled receptor gene family. The encoded protein is related to the angiotensin receptor, but is actually an apelin receptor that inhibits adenylate cyclase activity and plays a counter-regulatory role against the pressure action of angiotensin II by exerting hypertensive effect. It functions in the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, in glucose metabolism, in embryonic and tumor angiogenesis and as a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) coreceptor. Two transcript variants resulting from alternative splicing have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| CDCA7L | cell division cycle associated 7-like| |
| APBA1 | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein-binding, family A, member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the X11 protein family. It is a neuronal adapter protein that interacts with the Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein (APP). It stabilizes APP and inhibits production of proteolytic APP fragments including the A beta peptide that is deposited in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. This gene product is believed to be involved in signal transduction processes. It is also regarded as a putative vesicular trafficking protein in the brain that can form a complex with the potential to couple synaptic vesicle exocytosis to neuronal cell adhesion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| APBA3 | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein-binding, family A, member 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the X11 protein family. It is an adapter protein that interacts with the Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein. This gene product is believed to be involved in signal transduction processes. This gene is a candidate gene for Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| APBA2 | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein-binding, family A, member 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the X11 protein family. It is a neuronal adapter protein that interacts with the Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein (APP). It stabilizes APP and inhibits production of proteolytic APP fragments including the A beta peptide that is deposited in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. This gene product is believed to be involved in signal transduction processes. It is also regarded as a putative vesicular trafficking protein in the brain that can form a complex with the potential to couple synaptic vesicle exocytosis to neuronal cell adhesion. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLCO1B3 | solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1B3|This gene encodes a liver-specific member of the organic anion transporter family. The encoded protein is a transmembrane receptor that mediates the sodium-independent uptake of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds and plays a critical role in bile acid and bilirubin transport. Mutations in this gene are a cause of Rotor type hyperbilirubinemia. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| SPIN2A | spindlin family, member 2A|This gene encodes one of three members of the DXF34 gene family, located in a 100-kb region of chromosome Xp11.21. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| SPIN2B | spindlin family, member 2B| |
| PGLS | 6-phosphogluconolactonase| |
| DENND6B | DENN/MADD domain containing 6B| |
| CYP8B1 | cytochrome P450, family 8, subfamily B, polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein catalyzes the conversion of 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one into 7-alpha,12-alpha-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one. The balance between these two steroids determines the relative amounts of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid both of which are secreted in the bile and affect the solubility of cholesterol. This gene is unique among the cytochrome P450 genes in that it is intronless. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SYNJ2BP | synaptojanin 2 binding protein| |
| IL23R | interleukin 23 receptor|The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the receptor for IL23A/IL23. This protein pairs with the receptor molecule IL12RB1/IL12Rbeta1, and both are required for IL23A signaling. This protein associates constitutively with Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), and also binds to transcription activator STAT3 in a ligand-dependent manner. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MORC2 | MORC family CW-type zinc finger 2| |
| WDR7 | WD repeat domain 7|This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD) that may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. The encoded protein forms the beta subunit of rabconnectin-3 and binds directly with Rab3A GDP/GTP exchange protein and indirectly with Rab3A GDP/GTP activating protein; these proteins are regulators of Rab3 small G protein family members involved in control of the calcium-dependant exocytosis of neurotransmitters. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MORC1 | MORC family CW-type zinc finger 1|This gene encodes the human homolog of mouse morc and like the mouse protein it is testis-specific. Mouse studies support a testis-specific function since only male knockout mice are infertile; infertility is the only apparent defect. These studies further support a role for this protein early in spermatogenesis, possibly by affecting entry into apoptosis because testis from knockout mice show greatly increased numbers of apoptotic cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| MORC4 | MORC family CW-type zinc finger 4|In human, the four current members of the microrchidia (morc) gene family share an N-terminal ATPase-like ATP-binding region and a CW four-cysteine zinc-finger motif. The protein encoded by this gene also has a nuclear matrix binding domain and a two-stranded coiled-coil motif near its C-terminus. This gene is widely expressed at low levels in normal tissues and has elevated expression in placenta and testis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| PTPRZ1 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor-type, Z polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase family. Expression of this gene is restricted to the central nervous system (CNS), and it may be involved in the regulation of specific developmental processes in the CNS. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| F13A1 | coagulation factor XIII, A1 polypeptide|This gene encodes the coagulation factor XIII A subunit. Coagulation factor XIII is the last zymogen to become activated in the blood coagulation cascade. Plasma factor XIII is a heterotetramer composed of 2 A subunits and 2 B subunits. The A subunits have catalytic function, and the B subunits do not have enzymatic activity and may serve as plasma carrier molecules. Platelet factor XIII is comprised only of 2 A subunits, which are identical to those of plasma origin. Upon cleavage of the activation peptide by thrombin and in the presence of calcium ion, the plasma factor XIII dissociates its B subunits and yields the same active enzyme, factor XIIIa, as platelet factor XIII. This enzyme acts as a transglutaminase to catalyze the formation of gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine crosslinking between fibrin molecules, thus stabilizing the fibrin clot. It also crosslinks alpha-2-plasmin inhibitor, or fibronectin, to the alpha chains of fibrin. Factor XIII deficiency is classified into two categories: type I deficiency, characterized by the lack of both the A and B subunits; and type II deficiency, characterized by the lack of the A subunit alone. These defects can result in a lifelong bleeding tendency, defective wound healing, and habitual abortion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPATCH2L | G patch domain containing 2-like| |
| TXNL4A | thioredoxin-like 4A|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the U5 small ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP), and is involved in pre-mRNA splicing. This protein contains a thioredoxin-like fold and it is expected to interact with multiple proteins. Protein-protein interactions have been observed with the polyglutamine tract-binding protein 1 (PQBP1). Mutations in both the coding region and promoter region of this gene have been associated with Burn-McKeown syndrome, which is a rare disorder characterized by craniofacial dysmorphisms, cardiac defects, hearing loss, and bilateral choanal atresia. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 2. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015] |
| WDR3 | WD repeat domain 3|This gene encodes a nuclear protein containing 10 WD repeats. WD repeats are approximately 30- to 40-amino acid domains containing several conserved residues, which usually include a trp-asp at the C-terminal end. Proteins belonging to the WD repeat family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RB1CC1 | RB1-inducible coiled-coil 1|The protein encoded by this gene interacts with signaling pathways to coordinately regulate cell growth, cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and cell migration. This tumor suppressor also enhances retinoblastoma 1 gene expression in cancer cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| CYP27A1 | cytochrome P450, family 27, subfamily A, polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This mitochondrial protein oxidizes cholesterol intermediates as part of the bile synthesis pathway. Since the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids is the major route for removing cholesterol from the body, this protein is important for overall cholesterol homeostasis. Mutations in this gene cause cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, a rare autosomal recessive lipid storage disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FEZF1 | FEZ family zinc finger 1|This gene encodes a transcriptional repressor that belongs to the zinc finger double domain protein family. The encoded protein is thought to play a role in the embryonic migration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons into the brain. Mutations in this gene are associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism-22 with anosmia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| CCNA2 | cyclin A2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. In contrast to cyclin A1, which is present only in germ cells, this cyclin is expressed in all tissues tested. This cyclin binds and activates CDC2 or CDK2 kinases, and thus promotes both cell cycle G1/S and G2/M transitions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DIAPH2 | diaphanous-related formin 2|The product of this gene belongs to the diaphanous subfamily of the formin homology family of proteins. This gene may play a role in the development and normal function of the ovaries. Defects in this gene have been linked to premature ovarian failure 2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VPS25 | vacuolar protein sorting 25 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a protein that is a subunit of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport II (ESCRT-II). This protein complex functions in sorting of ubiquitinated membrane proteins during endocytosis. A pseudogene of this gene is present on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| ATP13A1 | ATPase type 13A1| |
| ATP13A3 | ATPase type 13A3|ATP13A3 is a member of the P-type ATPase family of proteins that transport a variety of cations across membranes. Other P-type ATPases include ATP7B (MIM 606882) and ATP7A (MIM 300011).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2008] |
| VPS29 | vacuolar protein sorting 29 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|This gene belongs to a group of vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) genes that, when functionally impaired, disrupt the efficient delivery of vacuolar hydrolases. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of a large multimeric complex, termed the retromer complex, which is involved in retrograde transport of proteins from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. This VPS protein may be involved in the formation of the inner shell of the retromer coat for retrograde vesicles leaving the prevacuolar compartment. Alternative splice variants encoding different isoforms and representing non-protein coding transcripts have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| SSUH2 | ssu-2 homolog (C. elegans)| |
| FAM60A | family with sequence similarity 60, member A| |
| SKA1 | spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 1| |
| RAI1 | retinoic acid induced 1|This gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. It is highly similar to its mouse counterpart and is expressed at high levels mainly in neuronal tissues. The protein encoded by this gene includes a polymorphic polyglutamine tract in the N-terminal domain. Expression of the mouse counterpart in neurons is induced by retinoic acid. This gene is associated with both the severity of the phenotype and the response to medication in schizophrenic patients. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAI2 | retinoic acid induced 2|Retinoic acid plays a critical role in development, cellular growth, and differentiation. The specific function of this retinoic acid-induced gene has not yet been determined but it may play a role in development. The chromosomal location of this gene designates it to be a candidate for diseases such as Nance-Horan syndrome, sensorineural deafness, non-specific X-linked mental retardation, oral-facial-digital syndrome, and Fried syndrome. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| SKA2 | spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 2| |
| COL28A1 | collagen, type XXVIII, alpha 1|COL28A1 belongs to a class of collagens containing von Willebrand factor (VWF; MIM 613160) type A (VWFA) domains (Veit et al., 2006 [PubMed 16330543]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| LRRIQ1 | leucine-rich repeats and IQ motif containing 1| |
| GRID2IP | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, delta 2 (Grid2) interacting protein|Glutamate receptor delta-2 (GRID2; MIM 602368) is predominantly expressed at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell postsynapses and plays crucial roles in synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. GRID2IP1 interacts with GRID2 and may control GRID2 signaling in Purkinje cells (Matsuda et al., 2006 [PubMed 16835239]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PCDH20 | protocadherin 20|This gene belongs to the protocadherin gene family, a subfamily of the cadherin superfamily. This gene encodes a protein which contains 6 extracellular cadherin domains, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tail differing from those of the classical cadherins. Although its specific function is undetermined, the cadherin-related neuronal receptor is thought to play a role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CBWD7 | COBW domain containing 7| |
| C1orf112 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 112| |
| CBWD5 | COBW domain containing 5| |
| C1orf110 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 110| |
| CBWD3 | COBW domain containing 3| |
| C1orf116 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 116| |
| C1orf115 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 115| |
| MEF2D | myocyte enhancer factor 2D|This gene is a member of the myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) family of transcription factors. Members of this family are involved in control of muscle and neuronal cell differentiation and development, and are regulated by class II histone deacetylases. Fusions of the encoded protein with Deleted in Azoospermia-Associated Protein 1 (DAZAP1) due to a translocation have been found in an acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, suggesting a role in leukemogenesis. The encoded protein may also be involved in Parkinson disease and myotonic dystrophy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| ADAT1 | adenosine deaminase, tRNA-specific 1|This gene is a member of the ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) family. Using site-specific adenosine modification, proteins encoded by these genes participate in the pre-mRNA editing of nuclear transcripts. The protein encoded by this gene, tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase 1, is responsible for the deamination of adenosine 37 to inosine in eukaryotic tRNA. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| ADAT3 | adenosine deaminase, tRNA-specific 3| |
| ADAT2 | adenosine deaminase, tRNA-specific 2| |
| LGALS3BP | lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 3 binding protein|The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. LGALS3BP has been found elevated in the serum of patients with cancer and in those infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It appears to be implicated in immune response associated with natural killer (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell cytotoxicity. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization the full length 90K cDNA has been localized to chromosome 17q25. The native protein binds specifically to a human macrophage-associated lectin known as Mac-2 and also binds galectin 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLEKHO2 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family O member 2| |
| PLEKHO1 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family O member 1| |
| SOX21 | SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 21|SRY-related HMG-box (SOX) genes encode a family of DNA-binding proteins containing a 79-amino acid HMG (high mobility group) domain that shares at least 50% sequence identity with the DNA-binding HMG box of the SRY protein (MIM 480000). SOX proteins are divided into 6 subgroups based on sequence similarity within and outside of the HMG domain. For additional background information on SOX genes, see SOX1 (MIM 602148).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| E2F6 | E2F transcription factor 6|This gene encodes a member of a family of transcription factors that play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle. The protein encoded by this gene lacks the transactivation and tumor suppressor protein association domains found in other family members, and contains a modular suppression domain that functions in the inhibition of transcription. It interacts in a complex with chromatin modifying factors. There are pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes 22 and X. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| E2F5 | E2F transcription factor 5, p130-binding|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the E2F family of transcription factors. The E2F family plays a crucial role in the control of cell cycle and action of tumor suppressor proteins and is also a target of the transforming proteins of small DNA tumor viruses. The E2F proteins contain several evolutionarily conserved domains that are present in most members of the family. These domains include a DNA binding domain, a dimerization domain which determines interaction with the differentiation regulated transcription factor proteins (DP), a transactivation domain enriched in acidic amino acids, and a tumor suppressor protein association domain which is embedded within the transactivation domain. This protein is differentially phosphorylated and is expressed in a wide variety of human tissues. It has higher identity to E2F4 than to other family members. Both this protein and E2F4 interact with tumor suppressor proteins p130 and p107, but not with pRB. Alternative splicing results in multiple variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| E2F4 | E2F transcription factor 4, p107/p130-binding|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the E2F family of transcription factors. The E2F family plays a crucial role in the control of cell cycle and action of tumor suppressor proteins and is also a target of the transforming proteins of small DNA tumor viruses. The E2F proteins contain several evolutionally conserved domains found in most members of the family. These domains include a DNA binding domain, a dimerization domain which determines interaction with the differentiation regulated transcription factor proteins (DP), a transactivation domain enriched in acidic amino acids, and a tumor suppressor protein association domain which is embedded within the transactivation domain. This protein binds to all three of the tumor suppressor proteins pRB, p107 and p130, but with higher affinity to the last two. It plays an important role in the suppression of proliferation-associated genes, and its gene mutation and increased expression may be associated with human cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| E2F3 | E2F transcription factor 3|This gene encodes a member of a small family of transcription factors that function through binding of DP interaction partner proteins. The encoded protein recognizes a specific sequence motif in DNA and interacts directly with the retinoblastoma protein (pRB) to regulate the expression of genes involved in the cell cycle. Altered copy number and activity of this gene have been observed in a number of human cancers. There are pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes 2 and 17. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| E2F2 | E2F transcription factor 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the E2F family of transcription factors. The E2F family plays a crucial role in the control of cell cycle and action of tumor suppressor proteins and is also a target of the transforming proteins of small DNA tumor viruses. The E2F proteins contain several evolutionally conserved domains found in most members of the family. These domains include a DNA binding domain, a dimerization domain which determines interaction with the differentiation regulated transcription factor proteins (DP), a transactivation domain enriched in acidic amino acids, and a tumor suppressor protein association domain which is embedded within the transactivation domain. This protein and another 2 members, E2F1 and E2F3, have an additional cyclin binding domain. This protein binds specifically to retinoblastoma protein pRB in a cell-cycle dependent manner, and it exhibits overall 46% amino acid identity to E2F1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| E2F1 | E2F transcription factor 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the E2F family of transcription factors. The E2F family plays a crucial role in the control of cell cycle and action of tumor suppressor proteins and is also a target of the transforming proteins of small DNA tumor viruses. The E2F proteins contain several evolutionally conserved domains found in most members of the family. These domains include a DNA binding domain, a dimerization domain which determines interaction with the differentiation regulated transcription factor proteins (DP), a transactivation domain enriched in acidic amino acids, and a tumor suppressor protein association domain which is embedded within the transactivation domain. This protein and another 2 members, E2F2 and E2F3, have an additional cyclin binding domain. This protein binds preferentially to retinoblastoma protein pRB in a cell-cycle dependent manner. It can mediate both cell proliferation and p53-dependent/independent apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNFX1 | zinc finger, NFX1-type containing 1| |
| SCAF1 | SR-related CTD-associated factor 1| |
| C6orf89 | chromosome 6 open reading frame 89| |
| E2F8 | E2F transcription factor 8|This gene encodes a member of a family of transcription factors which regulate the expression of genes required for progression through the cell cycle. The encoded protein regulates progression from G1 to S phase by ensuring the nucleus divides at the proper time. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| ACBD3 | acyl-CoA binding domain containing 3|The Golgi complex plays a key role in the sorting and modification of proteins exported from the endoplasmic reticulum. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the maintenance of Golgi structure and function through its interaction with the integral membrane protein giantin. It may also be involved in the hormonal regulation of steroid formation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AP3B2 | adaptor-related protein complex 3, beta 2 subunit|Adaptor protein-3 (AP3) is a heterotetrameric vesicle-coat protein complex. Some AP3 subunits are ubiquitously expressed, whereas others are expressed exclusively in neurons. The neuron-specific AP3 complex, which includes AP3B2, is thought to serve neuron-specific functions such as neurotransmitter release (Grabner et al., 2006 [PubMed 16788073]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ACBD6 | acyl-CoA binding domain containing 6| |
| ACBD5 | acyl-CoA binding domain containing 5|This gene encodes a member of the acyl-Coenzyme A binding protein family, known to function in the transport and distribution of long chain acyl-Coenzyme A in cells. This gene may play a role in the differentiation of megakaryocytes and formation of platelets. A related protein in yeast is involved in autophagy of peroxisomes. A mutation in this gene has been associated with autosomal dominant thrombocytopenia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| ACBD4 | acyl-CoA binding domain containing 4|This gene encodes a member of the acyl-coenzyme A binding domain containing protein family. All family members contain the conserved acyl-Coenzyme A binding domain, which binds acyl-CoA thiol esters. They are thought to play roles in acyl-CoA dependent lipid metabolism. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| MON2 | MON2 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| PPP1R13L | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 13 like|IASPP is one of the most evolutionarily conserved inhibitors of p53 (TP53; MIM 191170), whereas ASPP1 (MIM 606455) and ASPP2 (MIM 602143) are activators of p53.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| EEF2 | eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2|This gene encodes a member of the GTP-binding translation elongation factor family. This protein is an essential factor for protein synthesis. It promotes the GTP-dependent translocation of the nascent protein chain from the A-site to the P-site of the ribosome. This protein is completely inactivated by EF-2 kinase phosporylation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZDBF2 | zinc finger, DBF-type containing 2| |
| BRI3BP | BRI3 binding protein| |
| TUSC1 | tumor suppressor candidate 1|This gene is located within the region of chromosome 9p that harbors tumor suppressor genes critical in carcinogenesis. It is an intronless gene which is downregulated in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer cell lines, suggesting that it may play a role in lung tumorigenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TUSC2 | tumor suppressor candidate 2|This gene is a highly conserved lung cancer candidate gene. No other information about this gene is currently available. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TUSC3 | tumor suppressor candidate 3|This gene is a candidate tumor suppressor gene. It is located within a homozygously deleted region of a metastatic prostate cancer. The gene is expressed in most nonlymphoid human tissues including prostate, lung, liver, and colon. Expression was also detected in many epithelial tumor cell lines. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RLBP1 | retinaldehyde binding protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a 36-kD water-soluble protein which carries 11-cis-retinaldehyde or 11-cis-retinal as physiologic ligands. It may be a functional component of the visual cycle. Mutations of this gene have been associated with severe rod-cone dystrophy, Bothnia dystrophy (nonsyndromic autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa) and retinitis punctata albescens. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPGR | retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator|This gene encodes a protein with a series of six RCC1-like domains (RLDs), characteristic of the highly conserved guanine nucleotide exchange factors. The encoded protein is found in the Golgi body and interacts with RPGRIP1. This protein localizes to the outer segment of rod photoreceptors and is essential for their viability. Mutations in this gene have been associated with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP). Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms of this gene have been reported, but the full-length natures of only some have been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| ZNF334 | zinc finger protein 334|This gene encodes a member of the C2H2 zinc finger family. The encoded protein contains a Krueppel-associated box, fourteen C2H2 zinc finger domains, and four C2H2-type/integrase DNA-binding domains. Decreased expression of this gene may be a marker for rheumatoid arthritis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| HYLS1 | hydrolethalus syndrome 1|This gene encodes a protein localized to the cytoplasm. Mutations in this gene are associated with hydrolethalus syndrome. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| LOR | loricrin|This gene encodes loricrin, a major protein component of the cornified cell envelope found in terminally differentiated epidermal cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with Vohwinkel's syndrome and progressive symmetric erythrokeratoderma, both inherited skin diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GATA6 | GATA binding protein 6|This gene is a member of a small family of zinc finger transcription factors that play an important role in the regulation of cellular differentiation and organogenesis during vertebrate development. This gene is expressed during early embryogenesis and localizes to endo- and mesodermally derived cells during later embryogenesis and thereby plays an important role in gut, lung, and heart development. Mutations in this gene are associated with several congenital defects. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| TIGIT | T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains|This gene encodes a member of the PVR (poliovirus receptor) family of immunoglobin proteins. The product of this gene is expressed on several classes of T cells including follicular B helper T cells (TFH). The protein has been shown to bind PVR with high affinity; this binding is thought to assist interactions between TFH and dendritic cells to regulate T cell dependent B cell responses.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| IZUMO4 | IZUMO family member 4| |
| SYTL5 | synaptotagmin-like 5|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the synaptotagmin-like (Slp) protein family, which contains a unique homology domain at the N-terminus, referred to as the Slp homology domain (SHD). The SHD functions as a binding site for Rab27A, which plays a role in protein transport. Expression of this gene is restricted to placenta and liver, suggesting that it might be involved in Rab27A-dependent membrane trafficking in specific tissues. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| PYCR2 | pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase family, member 2|This gene belongs to the pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase family. The encoded mitochondrial protein catalyzes the conversion of pyrroline-5-carboxylate to proline, which is the last step in proline biosynthesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| PYCR1 | pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1|This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the NAD(P)H-dependent conversion of pyrroline-5-carboxylate to proline. This enzyme may also play a physiologic role in the generation of NADP(+) in some cell types. The protein forms a homopolymer and localizes to the mitochondrion. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| GP9 | glycoprotein IX (platelet)|This gene encodes a small membrane glycoprotein found on the surface of human platelets. It forms a 1-to-1 noncovalent complex with glycoprotein Ib, a platelet surface membrane glycoprotein complex that functions as a receptor for von Willebrand factor. The complete receptor complex includes noncovalent association of the alpha and beta subunits with the protein encoded by this gene and platelet glycoprotein V. Defects in this gene are a cause of Bernard-Soulier syndrome, also known as giant platelet disease. These patients have unusually large platelets and have a clinical bleeding tendency. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| CTBS | chitobiase, di-N-acetyl-|Chitobiase is a lysosomal glycosidase involved in degradation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides on glycoproteins (Aronson and Kuranda, 1989 [PubMed 2531691]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| COX6A1 | cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIa polypeptide 1|Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. It is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in the electron transfer and the nuclear-encoded subunits may function in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes polypeptide 1 (liver isoform) of subunit VIa, and polypeptide 1 is found in all non-muscle tissues. Polypeptide 2 (heart/muscle isoform) of subunit VIa is encoded by a different gene, and is present only in striated muscles. These two polypeptides share 66% amino acid sequence identity. It has been reported that there may be several pseudogenes on chromosomes 1, 6, 7q21, 7q31-32 and 12. However, only one pseudogene (COX6A1P) on chromosome 1p31.1 has been documented. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WNT10B | wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 10B|The WNT gene family consists of structurally related genes which encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. This gene is a member of the WNT gene family. It may be involved in breast cancer, and its protein signaling is likely a molecular switch that governs adipogenesis. This protein is 96% identical to the mouse Wnt10b protein at the amino acid level. This gene is clustered with another family member, WNT1, in the chromosome 12q13 region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF331 | zinc finger protein 331|This gene encodes a zinc finger protein containing a KRAB (Kruppel-associated box) domain found in transcriptional repressors. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 17. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| GNG10 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 10| |
| GNG11 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 11|This gene is a member of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) gamma family and encodes a lipid-anchored, cell membrane protein. As a member of the heterotrimeric G protein complex, this protein plays a role in this transmembrane signaling system. This protein is also subject to carboxyl-terminal processing. Decreased expression of this gene is associated with splenic marginal zone lymphomas. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GNG12 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 12| |
| GNG13 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 13|Heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of alpha (see MIM 139320), beta (see MIM 139380), and gamma subunits, function as signal transducers for the 7-transmembrane-helix G protein-coupled receptors. GNG13 is a gamma subunit that is expressed in taste, retinal, and neuronal tissues and plays a key role in taste transduction (Li et al., 2006 [PubMed 16473877]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009] |
| RPLP2 | ribosomal protein, large, P2|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal phosphoprotein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein, which is a functional equivalent of the E. coli L7/L12 ribosomal protein, belongs to the L12P family of ribosomal proteins. It plays an important role in the elongation step of protein synthesis. Unlike most ribosomal proteins, which are basic, the encoded protein is acidic. Its C-terminal end is nearly identical to the C-terminal ends of the ribosomal phosphoproteins P0 and P1. The P2 protein can interact with P0 and P1 to form a pentameric complex consisting of P1 and P2 dimers, and a P0 monomer. The protein is located in the cytoplasm. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IL36A | interleukin 36, alpha| |
| URB2 | URB2 ribosome biogenesis 2 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| URB1 | URB1 ribosome biogenesis 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| IL36B | interleukin 36, beta|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. Protein structure modeling indicated that this cytokine may contain a 12-stranded beta-trefoil structure that is conserved between IL1A (IL-A alpha) and IL1B (IL-1 beta). This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NT5C1B | 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IB|Cytosolic 5-prime nucleotidases, such as NT5C1B, catalyze production of adenosine, which regulates diverse physiologic processes (Sala-Newby and Newby, 2001 [PubMed 11690631]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| LIPA | lipase A, lysosomal acid, cholesterol esterase|This gene encodes lipase A, the lysosomal acid lipase (also known as cholesterol ester hydrolase). This enzyme functions in the lysosome to catalyze the hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides. Mutations in this gene can result in Wolman disease and cholesteryl ester storage disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| IFITM2 | interferon induced transmembrane protein 2| |
| IFITM1 | interferon induced transmembrane protein 1| |
| HPCAL1 | hippocalcin-like 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of neuron-specific calcium-binding proteins family found in the retina and brain. It is highly similar to human hippocalcin protein and nearly identical to the rat and mouse hippocalcin like-1 proteins. It may be involved in the calcium-dependent regulation of rhodopsin phosphorylation and may be of relevance for neuronal signalling in the central nervous system. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| LIPE | lipase, hormone-sensitive|The protein encoded by this gene has a long and a short form, generated by use of alternative translational start codons. The long form is expressed in steroidogenic tissues such as testis, where it converts cholesteryl esters to free cholesterol for steroid hormone production. The short form is expressed in adipose tissue, among others, where it hydrolyzes stored triglycerides to free fatty acids. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LIPG | lipase, endothelial|The protein encoded by this gene has substantial phospholipase activity and may be involved in lipoprotein metabolism and vascular biology. This protein is designated a member of the TG lipase family by its sequence and characteristic lid region which provides substrate specificity for enzymes of the TG lipase family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RIMBP3C | RIMS binding protein 3C| |
| GAGE2D | G antigen 2D| |
| LIPH | lipase, member H|This gene encodes a membrane-bound member of the mammalian triglyceride lipase family. It catalyzes the production of 2-acyl lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which is a lipid mediator with diverse biological properties that include platelet aggregation, smooth muscle contraction, and stimulation of cell proliferation and motility. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LIPM | lipase, family member M| |
| DFFA | DNA fragmentation factor, 45kDa, alpha polypeptide|Apoptosis is a cell death process that removes toxic and/or useless cells during mammalian development. The apoptotic process is accompanied by shrinkage and fragmentation of the cells and nuclei and degradation of the chromosomal DNA into nucleosomal units. DNA fragmentation factor (DFF) is a heterodimeric protein of 40-kD (DFFB) and 45-kD (DFFA) subunits. DFFA is the substrate for caspase-3 and triggers DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. DFF becomes activated when DFFA is cleaved by caspase-3. The cleaved fragments of DFFA dissociate from DFFB, the active component of DFF. DFFB has been found to trigger both DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation during apoptosis. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DFFB | DNA fragmentation factor, 40kDa, beta polypeptide (caspase-activated DNase)|Apoptosis is a cell death process that removes toxic and/or useless cells during mammalian development. The apoptotic process is accompanied by shrinkage and fragmentation of the cells and nuclei and degradation of the chromosomal DNA into nucleosomal units. DNA fragmentation factor (DFF) is a heterodimeric protein of 40-kD (DFFB) and 45-kD (DFFA) subunits. DFFA is the substrate for caspase-3 and triggers DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. DFF becomes activated when DFFA is cleaved by caspase-3. The cleaved fragments of DFFA dissociate from DFFB, the active component of DFF. DFFB has been found to trigger both DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation during apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene but the biological validity of some of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| SEC24D | SEC24 family member D|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SEC24 subfamily of the SEC23/SEC24 family, which is involved in vesicle trafficking. The encoded protein has similarity to yeast Sec24p component of COPII. COPII is the coat protein complex responsible for vesicle budding from the ER. This gene product is implicated in the shaping of the vesicle, and also in cargo selection and concentration. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| REV3L | REV3-like, polymerase (DNA directed), zeta, catalytic subunit| |
| SEC24A | SEC24 family member A|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a family of proteins that are homologous to yeast Sec24. This protein is a component of coat protein II (COPII)-coated vesicles that mediate protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum. COPII acts in the cytoplasm to promote the transport of secretory, plasma membrane, and vacuolar proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the golgi complex. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| SEC24C | SEC24 family member C|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SEC24 subfamily of the SEC23/SEC24 family, which is involved in vesicle trafficking. The encoded protein has similarity to yeast Sec24p component of COPII. COPII is the coat protein complex responsible for vesicle budding from the ER. The product of this gene may play a role in shaping the vesicle, as well as in cargo selection and concentration. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SEC24B | SEC24 family member B|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SEC24 subfamily of the SEC23/SEC24 family, which is involved in vesicle trafficking. The encoded protein has similarity to yeast Sec24p component of COPII. COPII is the coat protein complex responsible for vesicle budding from the ER. The role of this gene product is implicated in the shaping of the vesicle, and also in cargo selection and concentration. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNF19B | ring finger protein 19B|This gene encodes a multi-pass membrane protein containing two RING-type and one IBR-type zinc finger motifs. The encoded protin is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a role in the cytotoxic effects of natural killer (NK) cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. There are pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes X and Y in a possible pseudoautosomal region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| RNF19A | ring finger protein 19A, RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This gene encodes a member of the ring between ring fingers (RBR) protein family, and the encoded protein contains two RING-finger motifs and an in between RING fingers motif. This protein is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is localized to Lewy bodies, and ubiquitylates synphilin-1, which is an interacting protein of alpha synuclein in neurons. The encoded protein may be involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| MAU2 | MAU2 sister chromatid cohesion factor| |
| DPP3 | dipeptidyl-peptidase 3|This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the M49 family of metallopeptidases. This cytoplasmic protein binds a single zinc ion with its zinc-binding motif (HELLGH) and has post-proline dipeptidyl aminopeptidase activity, cleaving Xaa-Pro dipeptides from the N-termini of proteins. Increased activity of this protein is associated with endometrial and ovarian cancers. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| CD300LF | CD300 molecule-like family member f|This gene encodes a member of the CD300 protein family. Members of this family are cell surface glycoproteins with a single IgV-like extracellular domain, and are involved in the regulation of immune response. The encoded protein is an inhibitory receptor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| POU2AF1 | POU class 2 associating factor 1| |
| MRPL43 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L43|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. This gene and the gene for a semaphorin class 4 protein (SEMA4G) overlap at map location 10q24.31 and are transcribed in opposite directions. Sequence analysis identified multiple transcript variants encoding at least four different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPL42 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L42|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a protein identified as belonging to both the 28S and the 39S subunits. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 4q, 6p, 6q, 7p, and 15q. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| IPP | intracisternal A particle-promoted polypeptide|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the kelch family of proteins, which is characterized by a 50 amino acid repeat which interacts with actin. Transcript variants have been described but their full-length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPL40 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L40|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. Deletions in this gene may contribute to the etiology of velo-cardio-facial syndrome and DiGeorge syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPL47 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L47|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. This gene is immediately adjacent to the gene for BAF complex 53 kDa subunit protein a (BAF53a), in a tail-to-tail orientation. Two transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPL46 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L46|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPL45 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L45|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 2p and 17q. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| MRPL44 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L44|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIP6 | thyroid hormone receptor interactor 6|This gene is a member of the zyxin family and encodes a protein with three LIM zinc-binding domains. This protein localizes to focal adhesion sites and along actin stress fibers. Recruitment of this protein to the plasma membrane occurs in a lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-dependent manner and it regulates LPA-induced cell migration. Alternatively spliced variants which encode different protein isoforms have been described; however, not all variants have been fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TM4SF19 | transmembrane 4 L six family member 19| |
| TRIP4 | thyroid hormone receptor interactor 4| |
| MRPL48 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L48|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 6p. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF699 | zinc finger protein 699| |
| SEMA3F | sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), short basic domain, secreted, (semaphorin) 3F|The semaphorins are a family of proteins that are involved in signaling. All the family members have a secretion signal, a 500-amino acid sema domain, and 16 conserved cysteine residues (Kolodkin et al., 1993 [PubMed 8269517]). Sequence comparisons have grouped the secreted semaphorins into 3 general classes, all of which also have an immunoglobulin domain. The semaphorin III family, consisting of human semaphorin III (SEMA3A; MIM 603961), chicken collapsin, and mouse semaphorins A, D, and E, all have a basic domain at the C terminus. Chicken collapsin contributes to path finding by axons during development by inhibiting extension of growth cones (Luo et al., 1993 [PubMed 8402908]) through an interaction with a collapsin response mediator protein of relative molecular mass 62K (CRMP62) (Goshima et al., 1995 [PubMed 7637782]), a putative homolog of an axonal guidance associated UNC33 gene product (MIM 601168). SEMA3F is a secreted member of the semaphorin III family.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| NGF | nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide)|This gene is a member of the NGF-beta family and encodes a secreted protein which homodimerizes and is incorporated into a larger complex. This protein has nerve growth stimulating activity and the complex is involved in the regulation of growth and the differentiation of sympathetic and certain sensory neurons. Mutations in this gene have been associated with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy, type 5 (HSAN5), and dysregulation of this gene's expression is associated with allergic rhinitis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATP5J2 | ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit F2|Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. It is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, which comprises the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of five different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and single representatives of the gamma, delta, and epsilon subunits. The proton channel likely has nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the f subunit of the Fo complex. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. This gene has multiple pseudogenes. Naturally occurring read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the downstream pentatricopeptide repeat domain 1 (PTCD1) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| RILP | Rab interacting lysosomal protein|This gene encodes a lysosomal protein that interacts with RAB7, a small GTPase that controls transport to endocytic degradative compartments. Studies using mutant forms of the two proteins suggest that this protein represents a downstream effector for RAB7, and both proteins act together in the regulation of late endocytic traffic. A unique region of this protein has also been shown to be involved in the regulation of lysosomal morphology. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| ZNF691 | zinc finger protein 691| |
| ZNF692 | zinc finger protein 692| |
| ZNF695 | zinc finger protein 695| |
| ZNF696 | zinc finger protein 696| |
| ARFGAP2 | ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase activating protein 2| |
| ARFGAP3 | ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase activating protein 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) that associates with the Golgi apparatus and regulates the early secretory pathway of proteins. The encoded protein promotes hydrolysis of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1)-bound GTP, which is required for the dissociation of coat proteins from Golgi-derived membranes and vesicles. Dissociation of the coat proteins is a prerequisite for the fusion of these vesicles with target compartments. The activity of this protein is sensitive to phospholipids. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. This gene was originally known as ARFGAP1, but that is now the name of a related but different gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| DBR1 | debranching RNA lariats 1|The protein encoded by this gene is an RNA lariat debranching enzyme that hydrolyzes 2'-5' prime branched phosphodiester bonds. The encoded protein specifically targets the bonds at the branch point of excised lariat intron RNA, converting them to linear molecules that are then degraded. This protein may also be involved in retroviral replication. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| ARFGAP1 | ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase activating protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a GTPase-activating protein, which associates with the Golgi apparatus and which interacts with ADP-ribosylation factor 1. The encoded protein promotes hydrolysis of ADP-ribosylation factor 1-bound GTP and is required for the dissociation of coat proteins from Golgi-derived membranes and vesicles. Dissociation of the coat proteins is required for the fusion of these vesicles with target compartments. The activity of this protein is stimulated by phosphoinosides and inhibited by phosphatidylcholine. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| UNC93B1 | unc-93 homolog B1 (C. elegans)|This gene encodes a protein that is involved in innate and adaptive immune response by regulating toll-like receptor signaling. The encoded protein traffics nucleotide sensing toll-like receptors to the endolysosome from the endoplasmic reticulum. Deficiency of the encoded protein has been associated with herpes simplex encephalitis. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| LAMB3 | laminin, beta 3|The product encoded by this gene is a laminin that belongs to a family of basement membrane proteins. This protein is a beta subunit laminin, which together with an alpha and a gamma subunit, forms laminin-5. Mutations in this gene cause epidermolysis bullosa junctional Herlitz type, and generalized atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa, diseases that are characterized by blistering of the skin. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LAMB2 | laminin, beta 2 (laminin S)|Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Laminins, composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively), form a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. Several isoforms of each chain have been described. Different alpha, beta and gamma chain isomers combine to give rise to different heterotrimeric laminin isoforms which are designated by Arabic numerals in the order of their discovery, i.e. alpha1beta1gamma1 heterotrimer is laminin 1. The biological functions of the different chains and trimer molecules are largely unknown, but some of the chains have been shown to differ with respect to their tissue distribution, presumably reflecting diverse functions in vivo. This gene encodes the beta chain isoform laminin, beta 2. The beta 2 chain contains the 7 structural domains typical of beta chains of laminin, including the short alpha region. However, unlike beta 1 chain, beta 2 has a more restricted tissue distribution. It is enriched in the basement membrane of muscles at the neuromuscular junctions, kidney glomerulus and vascular smooth muscle. Transgenic mice in which the beta 2 chain gene was inactivated by homologous recombination, showed defects in the maturation of neuromuscular junctions and impairment of glomerular filtration. Alternative splicing involving a non consensus 5' splice site (gc) in the 5' UTR of this gene has been reported. It was suggested that inefficient splicing of this first intron, which does not change the protein sequence, results in a greater abundance of the unspliced form of the transcript than the spliced form. The full-length nature of the spliced transcript is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| ATP7A | ATPase, Cu++ transporting, alpha polypeptide|This gene encodes a transmembrane protein that functions in copper transport across membranes. This protein is localized to the trans Golgi network, where it is predicted to supply copper to copper-dependent enzymes in the secretory pathway. It relocalizes to the plasma membrane under conditions of elevated extracellular copper, and functions in the efflux of copper from cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with Menkes disease, X-linked distal spinal muscular atrophy, and occipital horn syndrome. Alternatively-spliced transcript variants have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| LAMB4 | laminin, beta 4| |
| ATP7B | ATPase, Cu++ transporting, beta polypeptide|This gene is a member of the P-type cation transport ATPase family and encodes a protein with several membrane-spanning domains, an ATPase consensus sequence, a hinge domain, a phosphorylation site, and at least 2 putative copper-binding sites. This protein functions as a monomer, exporting copper out of the cells, such as the efflux of hepatic copper into the bile. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms with distinct cellular localizations, have been characterized. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Wilson disease (WD). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NEK6 | NIMA-related kinase 6|The protein encoded by this gene is a kinase required for progression through the metaphase portion of mitosis. Inhibition of the encoded protein can lead to apoptosis. This protein also can enhance tumorigenesis by suppressing tumor cell senescence. Several transcript variants encoding a few different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| NEK7 | NIMA-related kinase 7|NIMA-related kinases share high amino acid sequence identity with the gene product of the Aspergillus nidulans 'never in mitosis A' gene, which controls initiation of mitosis.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002] |
| NEK4 | NIMA-related kinase 4| |
| COPZ2 | coatomer protein complex, subunit zeta 2|This gene encodes a member of the adaptor complexes small subunit family. The encoded protein is a subunit of the coatomer protein complex, a seven-subunit complex that functions in the formation of COPI-type, non-clathrin-coated vesicles. COPI vesicles function in the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| BMF | Bcl2 modifying factor|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the BCL2 protein family. BCL2 family members form hetero- or homodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. This protein contains a single BCL2 homology domain 3 (BH3), and has been shown to bind BCL2 proteins and function as an apoptotic activator. This protein is found to be sequestered to myosin V motors by its association with dynein light chain 2, which may be important for sensing intracellular damage and triggering apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NEK3 | NIMA-related kinase 3|This gene encodes a member of the NimA (never in mitosis A) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. The encoded protein differs from other NimA family members in that it is not cell cycle regulated and is found primarily in the cytoplasm. The kinase is activated by prolactin stimulation, leading to phosphorylation of VAV2 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, paxillin, and activation of the RAC1 GTPase. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| NEK1 | NIMA-related kinase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a serine/threonine kinase involved in cell cycle regulation. The encoded protein is found in a centrosomal complex with FEZ1, a neuronal protein that plays a role in axonal development. Defects in this gene are a cause of polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| U2AF1 | U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1|This gene belongs to the splicing factor SR family of genes. U2 auxiliary factor, comprising a large and a small subunit, is a non-snRNP protein required for the binding of U2 snRNP to the pre-mRNA branch site. This gene encodes the small subunit which plays a critical role in both constitutive and enhancer-dependent RNA splicing by directly mediating interactions between the large subunit and proteins bound to the enhancers. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| U2AF2 | U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 2|U2 auxiliary factor (U2AF), comprised of a large and a small subunit, is a non-snRNP protein required for the binding of U2 snRNP to the pre-mRNA branch site. This gene encodes the U2AF large subunit which contains a sequence-specific RNA-binding region with 3 RNA recognition motifs and an Arg/Ser-rich domain necessary for splicing. The large subunit binds to the polypyrimidine tract of introns early during spliceosome assembly. Multiple transcript variants have been detected for this gene, but the full-length natures of only two have been determined to date. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NEK8 | NIMA-related kinase 8|This gene encodes a member of the serine/threionine protein kinase family related to NIMA (never in mitosis, gene A) of Aspergillus nidulans. The encoded protein may play a role in cell cycle progression from G2 to M phase. Mutations in the related mouse gene are associated with a disease phenotype that closely parallels the juvenile autosomal recessive form of polycystic kidney disease in humans. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MPHOSPH6 | M-phase phosphoprotein 6| |
| EBF4 | early B-cell factor 4|EBF4 belongs to the conserved Olf/EBF family of helix-loop-helix transcription factors, members of which play important roles in neural development and B-cell maturation (Wang et al., 2002 [PubMed 12139918]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| GPR160 | G protein-coupled receptor 160| |
| GPR161 | G protein-coupled receptor 161|Upon ligand binding, G protein-coupled receptors, such as GPR161, activate cytoplasmic G proteins (see GNAS, MIM 139320), allowing the receptors to transduce extracellular signals across the plasma membrane into the cell. Phosphorylation of the receptor attenuates signaling (Matteson et al., 2008 [PubMed 18250320]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2008] |
| CLU | clusterin|The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted chaperone that can under some stress conditions also be found in the cell cytosol. It has been suggested to be involved in several basic biological events such as cell death, tumor progression, and neurodegenerative disorders. Alternate splicing results in both coding and non-coding variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| G0S2 | G0/G1 switch 2| |
| DHPS | deoxyhypusine synthase|This gene encodes a protein that is required for the formation of hypusine, a unique amino acid formed by the posttranslational modification of only one protein, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A. The encoded protein catalyzes the first step in hypusine formation by transferring the butylamine moiety of spermidine to a specific lysine residue of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A precursor, forming an intermediate deoxyhypusine residue. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| FLRT3 | fibronectin leucine rich transmembrane protein 3|This gene encodes a member of the fibronectin leucine rich transmembrane protein (FLRT) family. FLRTs may function in cell adhesion and/or receptor signalling. Their protein structures resemble small leucine-rich proteoglycans found in the extracellular matrix. This gene is expressed in many tissues. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| ZZZ3 | zinc finger, ZZ-type containing 3| |
| ASTN2 | astrotactin 2|This gene encodes a protein that is expressed in the brain and may function in neuronal migration, based on functional studies of the related astrotactin 1 gene in human and mouse. A deletion at this locus has been associated with schizophrenia. Multiple transcript variants encoding different proteins have been found for this locus. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| ASTN1 | astrotactin 1|Astrotactin is a neuronal adhesion molecule required for glial-guided migration of young postmitotic neuroblasts in cortical regions of developing brain, including cerebrum, hippocampus, cerebellum, and olfactory bulb (Fink et al., 1995).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009] |
| MLF2 | myeloid leukemia factor 2| |
| SHD | Src homology 2 domain containing transforming protein D| |
| SHE | Src homology 2 domain containing E| |
| SHF | Src homology 2 domain containing F| |
| SHH | sonic hedgehog|This gene encodes a protein that is instrumental in patterning the early embryo. It has been implicated as the key inductive signal in patterning of the ventral neural tube, the anterior-posterior limb axis, and the ventral somites. Of three human proteins showing sequence and functional similarity to the sonic hedgehog protein of Drosophila, this protein is the most similar. The protein is made as a precursor that is autocatalytically cleaved; the N-terminal portion is soluble and contains the signalling activity while the C-terminal portion is involved in precursor processing. More importantly, the C-terminal product covalently attaches a cholesterol moiety to the N-terminal product, restricting the N-terminal product to the cell surface and preventing it from freely diffusing throughout the developing embryo. Defects in this protein or in its signalling pathway are a cause of holoprosencephaly (HPE), a disorder in which the developing forebrain fails to correctly separate into right and left hemispheres. HPE is manifested by facial deformities. It is also thought that mutations in this gene or in its signalling pathway may be responsible for VACTERL syndrome, which is characterized by vertebral defects, anal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula with esophageal atresia, radial and renal dysplasia, cardiac anomalies, and limb abnormalities. Additionally, mutations in a long range enhancer located approximately 1 megabase upstream of this gene disrupt limb patterning and can result in preaxial polydactyly. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COX7A2 | cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIa polypeptide 2 (liver)|Cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. This component is a heteromeric complex consisting of three catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes, and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, while the nuclear-encoded subunits may function in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes polypeptide 2 (liver isoform) of subunit VIIa, with this polypeptide being present in both muscle and non-muscle tissues. In addition to polypeptide 2, subunit VIIa includes polypeptide 1 (muscle isoform), which is present only in muscle tissues, and a related protein, which is present in all tissues. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 4 and 14. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| CCDC9 | coiled-coil domain containing 9| |
| DYNC2H1 | dynein, cytoplasmic 2, heavy chain 1|This gene encodes a large cytoplasmic dynein protein that is involved in retrograde transport in the cilium and has a role in intraflagellar transport, a process required for ciliary/flagellar assembly. Mutations in this gene cause a heterogeneous spectrum of conditions related to altered primary cilium function and often involve polydactyly, abnormal skeletogenesis, and polycystic kidneys. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| IPCEF1 | interaction protein for cytohesin exchange factors 1| |
| LASP1 | LIM and SH3 protein 1|This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of LIM proteins, characterized by a LIM motif and a domain of Src homology region 3, and also a member of the nebulin family of actin-binding proteins. The encoded protein is a cAMP and cGMP dependent signaling protein and binds to the actin cytoskeleton at extensions of the cell membrane. The encoded protein has been linked to metastatic breast cancer, hematopoetic tumors such as B-cell lymphomas, and colorectal cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| MGA | MGA, MAX dimerization protein| |
| MTHFD2 | methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 2, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase|This gene encodes a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial bifunctional enzyme with methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase and methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase activities. The enzyme functions as a homodimer and is unique in its absolute requirement for magnesium and inorganic phosphate. Formation of the enzyme-magnesium complex allows binding of NAD. Alternative splicing results in two different transcripts, one protein-coding and the other not protein-coding. This gene has a pseudogene on chromosome 7. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| MTHFD1 | methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 1, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase, formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase|This gene encodes a protein that possesses three distinct enzymatic activities, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase and 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase. Each of these activities catalyzes one of three sequential reactions in the interconversion of 1-carbon derivatives of tetrahydrofolate, which are substrates for methionine, thymidylate, and de novo purine syntheses. The trifunctional enzymatic activities are conferred by two major domains, an aminoterminal portion containing the dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities and a larger synthetase domain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TBP | TATA box binding protein|Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the activities of more than 70 polypeptides. The protein that coordinates these activities is transcription factor IID (TFIID), which binds to the core promoter to position the polymerase properly, serves as the scaffold for assembly of the remainder of the transcription complex, and acts as a channel for regulatory signals. TFIID is composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins known as TBP-associated factors or TAFs. TAFs may participate in basal transcription, serve as coactivators, function in promoter recognition or modify general transcription factors (GTFs) to facilitate complex assembly and transcription initiation. This gene encodes TBP, the TATA-binding protein. A distinctive feature of TBP is a long string of glutamines in the N-terminus. This region of the protein modulates the DNA binding activity of the C terminus, and modulation of DNA binding affects the rate of transcription complex formation and initiation of transcription. The number of CAG repeats encoding the polyglutamine tract is usually 32-39, and expansion of the number of repeats increases the length of the polyglutamine string and is associated with spinocerebellar ataxia 17, a neurodegenerative disorder classified as a polyglutamine disease. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| PRR20E | proline rich 20E|This gene is one of five identical loci in a cluster on chromosome 13q21.1. The predicted protein is proline-rich and contains several dopamine D4 receptor signatures and PRINTS domains. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| MGP | matrix Gla protein|The protein encoded by this gene is secreted and likely acts as an inhibitor of bone formation. The encoded protein is found in the organic matrix of bone and cartilage. Defects in this gene are a cause of Keutel syndrome (KS). Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| ITGA2B | integrin, alpha 2b (platelet glycoprotein IIb of IIb/IIIa complex, antigen CD41)|ITGA2B encodes integrin alpha chain 2b. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. Alpha chain 2b undergoes post-translational cleavage to yield disulfide-linked light and heavy chains that join with beta 3 to form a fibronectin receptor expressed in platelets that plays a crucial role in coagulation. Mutations that interfere with this role result in thrombasthenia. In addition to adhesion, integrins are known to participate in cell-surface mediated signalling. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NSD1 | nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 1|This gene encodes a protein containing a SET domain, 2 LXXLL motifs, 3 nuclear translocation signals (NLSs), 4 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger regions, and a proline-rich region. The encoded protein enhances androgen receptor (AR) transactivation, and this enhancement can be increased further in the presence of other androgen receptor associated coregulators. This protein may act as a nucleus-localized, basic transcriptional factor and also as a bifunctional transcriptional regulator. Mutations of this gene have been associated with Sotos syndrome and Weaver syndrome. One version of childhood acute myeloid leukemia is the result of a cryptic translocation with the breakpoints occurring within nuclear receptor-binding Su-var, enhancer of zeste, and trithorax domain protein 1 on chromosome 5 and nucleoporin, 98-kd on chromosome 11. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TGFB3 | transforming growth factor, beta 3|This gene encodes a member of the TGF-beta family of proteins. The encoded protein is secreted and is involved in embryogenesis and cell differentiation. Defects in this gene are a cause of familial arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 1. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| CYP2A6 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily A, polypeptide 6|This gene, CYP2A6, encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and its expression is induced by phenobarbital. The enzyme is known to hydroxylate coumarin, and also metabolizes nicotine, aflatoxin B1, nitrosamines, and some pharmaceuticals. Individuals with certain allelic variants are said to have a poor metabolizer phenotype, meaning they do not efficiently metabolize coumarin or nicotine. This gene is part of a large cluster of cytochrome P450 genes from the CYP2A, CYP2B and CYP2F subfamilies on chromosome 19q. The gene was formerly referred to as CYP2A3; however, it has been renamed CYP2A6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NUDCD2 | NudC domain containing 2| |
| NUDCD3 | NudC domain containing 3|The product of this gene functions to maintain the stability of dynein intermediate chain. Depletion of this gene product results in aggregation and degradation of dynein intermediate chain, mislocalization of the dynein complex from kinetochores, spindle microtubules, and spindle poles, and loss of gamma-tubulin from spindle poles. The protein localizes to the Golgi apparatus during interphase, and levels of the protein increase after the G1/S transition. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NUDCD1 | NudC domain containing 1| |
| ADSS | adenylosuccinate synthase|This gene encodes the enzyme adenylosuccinate synthetase which catalyzes the first committed step in the conversion of inosine monophosphate to adenosine monophosphate. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 17.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| GCH1 | GTP cyclohydrolase 1|This gene encodes a member of the GTP cyclohydrolase family. The encoded protein is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) biosynthesis, catalyzing the conversion of GTP into 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate. BH4 is an essential cofactor required by aromatic amino acid hydroxylases as well as nitric oxide synthases. Mutations in this gene are associated with malignant hyperphenylalaninemia and dopa-responsive dystonia. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described; however, not all variants give rise to a functional enzyme. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FASTKD1 | FAST kinase domains 1| |
| STBD1 | starch binding domain 1| |
| IFI27L2 | interferon, alpha-inducible protein 27-like 2| |
| EID2B | EP300 interacting inhibitor of differentiation 2B| |
| SLX1B | SLX1 structure-specific endonuclease subunit homolog B (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a protein that is an important regulator of genome stability. The protein represents the catalytic subunit of the SLX1-SLX4 structure-specific endonuclease, which can resolve DNA secondary structures that are formed during repair and recombination processes. Two identical copies of this gene are located on the p arm of chromosome 16 due to a segmental duplication; this record represents the more telomeric copy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also occurs between this gene and the downstream SULT1A4 (sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 4) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| ADSL | adenylosuccinate lyase|Adenylsuccinate lyase is involved in both de novo synthesis of purines and formation of adenosine monophosphate from inosine monophosphate. It catalyzes two reactions in AMP biosynthesis: the removal of a fumarate from succinylaminoimidazole carboxamide (SAICA) ribotide to give aminoimidazole carboxamide ribotide (AICA) and removal of fumarate from adenylosuccinate to give AMP. Adenylosuccinase deficiency results in succinylpurinemic autism, psychomotor retardation, and , in some cases, growth retardation associated with muscle wasting and epilepsy. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WDHD1 | WD repeat and HMG-box DNA binding protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene contains multiple N-terminal WD40 domains and a C-terminal high mobility group (HMG) box. WD40 domains are found in a variety of eukaryotic proteins and may function as adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly. HMG boxes are found in many eukaryotic proteins involved in chromatin assembly, transcription and replication. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AS3MT | arsenite methyltransferase|AS3MT catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) to trivalent arsenical and may play a role in arsenic metabolism (Lin et al., 2002 [PubMed 11790780]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| C7orf13 | chromosome 7 open reading frame 13| |
| GAS2L1 | growth arrest-specific 2 like 1|This gene encodes a member of the growth arrest-specific 2 protein family. This protein binds components of the cytoskeleton and may be involved in mediating interactions between microtubules and microfilaments. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 9. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| RPS27L | ribosomal protein S27-like|This gene encodes a protein sharing 96% amino acid similarity with ribosomal protein S27, which suggests the encoded protein may be a component of the 40S ribosomal subunit. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GAS2L3 | growth arrest-specific 2 like 3| |
| GAS2L2 | growth arrest-specific 2 like 2|The protein encoded by this gene appears to crosslink microtubules and microfilaments and may be part of the cytoskeleton. This gene is mainly expressed in skeletal muscle. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| HR | hair growth associated|This gene encodes a protein that is involved in hair growth. This protein functions as a transcriptional corepressor of multiple nuclear receptors, including thyroid hormone receptor, the retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors and the vitamin D receptors, and it interacts with histone deacetylases. The translation of this protein is modulated by a regulatory open reading frame (ORF) that exists upstream of the primary ORF. Mutations in this upstream ORF cause Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis (MUHH), an autosomal dominant form of genetic hair loss. Mutations in this gene also cause autosomal recessive congenital alopecia and atrichia with papular lesions, other diseases resulting in hair loss. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| HPGDS | hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase|Prostaglandin-D synthase is a sigma class glutathione-S-transferase family member. The enzyme catalyzes the conversion of PGH2 to PGD2 and plays a role in the production of prostanoids in the immune system and mast cells. The presence of this enzyme can be used to identify the differentiation stage of human megakaryocytes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF343 | zinc finger protein 343| |
| CYLD | cylindromatosis (turban tumor syndrome)|This gene is encodes a cytoplasmic protein with three cytoskeletal-associated protein-glycine-conserved (CAP-GLY) domains that functions as a deubiquitinating enzyme. Mutations in this gene have been associated with cylindromatosis, multiple familial trichoepithelioma, and Brooke-Spiegler syndrome. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF341 | zinc finger protein 341| |
| ZNF436 | zinc finger protein 436| |
| ZNF347 | zinc finger protein 347| |
| ABRACL | ABRA C-terminal like| |
| ZNF433 | zinc finger protein 433| |
| WNT6 | wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 6|The WNT gene family consists of structurally related genes which encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. This gene is a member of the WNT gene family. It is overexpressed in cervical cancer cell line and strongly coexpressed with another family member, WNT10A, in colorectal cancer cell line. The gene overexpression may play key roles in carcinogenesis. This gene and the WNT10A gene are clustered in the chromosome 2q35 region. The protein encoded by this gene is 97% identical to the mouse Wnt6 protein at the amino acid level. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SMC1A | structural maintenance of chromosomes 1A|Proper cohesion of sister chromatids is a prerequisite for the correct segregation of chromosomes during cell division. The cohesin multiprotein complex is required for sister chromatid cohesion. This complex is composed partly of two structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) proteins, SMC3 and either SMC1B or the protein encoded by this gene. Most of the cohesin complexes dissociate from the chromosomes before mitosis, although those complexes at the kinetochore remain. Therefore, the encoded protein is thought to be an important part of functional kinetochores. In addition, this protein interacts with BRCA1 and is phosphorylated by ATM, indicating a potential role for this protein in DNA repair. This gene, which belongs to the SMC gene family, is located in an area of the X-chromosome that escapes X inactivation. Mutations in this gene result in Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| ZNF438 | zinc finger protein 438| |
| RALGDS | ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator|Guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulators (GDSs, or exchange factors), such as RALGDS, are effectors of Ras-related GTPases (see MIM 190020) that participate in signaling for a variety of cellular processes.[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| KRTAP26-1 | keratin associated protein 26-1| |
| EPYC | epiphycan|Dermatan sulfate proteoglycan 3 is a member of the small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan family. This gene is composed of seven exons. It regulates fibrillogenesis by interacting with collagen fibrils and other extracellular matrix proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VIPR1 | vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1|This gene encodes a receptor for vasoactive intestinal peptide, a small neuropeptide. Vasoactive intestinal peptide is involved in smooth muscle relaxation, exocrine and endocrine secretion, and water and ion flux in lung and intestinal epithelia. Its actions are effected through integral membrane receptors associated with a guanine nucleotide binding protein which activates adenylate cyclase. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| HN1L | hematological and neurological expressed 1-like| |
| NUDT10 | nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 10|This gene is a member of the nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif containing family. The encoded protein is a phosphohydrolase and may regulate the turnover of diphosphoinositol polyphosphates. The turnover of these high-energy diphosphoinositol polyphosphates represents a molecular switching activity with important regulatory consequences. Molecular switching by diphosphoinositol polyphosphates may contribute to the regulation of intracellular trafficking. In some populations putative prostate cancer susceptibility alleles have been identified for this gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants, which differ only in the 5' UTR, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| NUDT11 | nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 11|NUDT11 belongs to a subgroup of phosphohydrolases that preferentially attack diphosphoinositol polyphosphates (Hidaka et al., 2002 [PubMed 12105228]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| NUDT16 | nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 16| |
| NUDT14 | nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 14|UDP-glucose (UDPG) acts as the sugar donor in numerous glycosylation reactions, including those involved in the production of glycogen. NUDT14 is a UDPG pyrophosphatase (EC 3.6.1.45) that hydrolyzes UDPG to produce glucose 1-phosphate and UMP (Yagi et al., 2003 [PubMed 12429023]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| NUDT15 | nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 15| |
| ZW10 | zw10 kinetochore protein|This gene encodes a protein that is one of many involved in mechanisms to ensure proper chromosome segregation during cell division. This protein is an essential component of the mitotic checkpoint, which prevents cells from prematurely exiting mitosis. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| NUDT19 | nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 19| |
| STX8 | syntaxin 8|The gene is a member of the syntaxin family. The encoded protein is involved in protein trafficking from early to late endosomes via vesicle fusion and exocytosis. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 12. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| KEL | Kell blood group, metallo-endopeptidase|This gene encodes a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that is the highly polymorphic Kell blood group antigen. The Kell glycoprotein links via a single disulfide bond to the XK membrane protein that carries the Kx antigen. The encoded protein contains sequence and structural similarity to members of the neprilysin (M13) family of zinc endopeptidases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HP | haptoglobin|This gene encodes a preproprotein, which is processed to yield both alpha and beta chains, which subsequently combine as a tetramer to produce haptoglobin. Haptoglobin functions to bind free plasma hemoglobin, which allows degradative enzymes to gain access to the hemoglobin, while at the same time preventing loss of iron through the kidneys and protecting the kidneys from damage by hemoglobin. Mutations in this gene and/or its regulatory regions cause ahaptoglobinemia or hypohaptoglobinemia. This gene has also been linked to diabetic nephropathy, the incidence of coronary artery disease in type 1 diabetes, Crohn's disease, inflammatory disease behavior, primary sclerosing cholangitis, susceptibility to idiopathic Parkinson's disease, and a reduced incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The protein encoded also exhibits antimicrobial activity against bacteria. A similar duplicated gene is located next to this gene on chromosome 16. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| IFI6 | interferon, alpha-inducible protein 6|This gene was first identified as one of the many genes induced by interferon. The encoded protein may play a critical role in the regulation of apoptosis. A minisatellite that consists of 26 repeats of a 12 nucleotide repeating element resembling the mammalian splice donor consensus sequence begins near the end of the second exon. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms by using the two downstream repeat units as splice donor sites have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RTCB | RNA 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and 5'-OH ligase| |
| RTCA | RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase|This gene encodes a member of the RNA 3'-phosphate cyclase family. The encoded protein plays a role in RNA metabolism by catalyzing the ATP-dependent conversion of the 3'-phosphate of RNA substrates to a 2',3'-cyclic phosphodiester. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| STX2 | syntaxin 2|The product of this gene belongs to the syntaxin/epimorphin family of proteins. The syntaxins are a large protein family implicated in the targeting and fusion of intracellular transport vesicles. The product of this gene regulates epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and epithelial cell morphogenesis and activation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STX5 | syntaxin 5|This gene encodes a member of the syntaxin or t-SNARE (target-SNAP receptor) family. These proteins are found on cell membranes and serve as the targets for v-SNAREs (vesicle-SNAP receptors), permitting specific synaptic vesicle docking and fusion. The encoded protein regulates endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport and plays a critical role in autophagy. Autoantibodies targeting the encoded protein may be a diagnostic marker for endometriosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| ACTL8 | actin-like 8| |
| STX7 | syntaxin 7| |
| STX6 | syntaxin 6| |
| RC3H2 | ring finger and CCCH-type domains 2| |
| RPS3A | ribosomal protein S3A|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S3AE family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. Disruption of the gene encoding rat ribosomal protein S3a, also named v-fos transformation effector protein, in v-fos-transformed rat cells results in reversion of the transformed phenotype. This gene is co-transcribed with the U73A and U73B small nucleolar RNA genes, which are located in its fourth and third introns, respectively. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| CPN2 | carboxypeptidase N, polypeptide 2| |
| CPN1 | carboxypeptidase N, polypeptide 1|Carboxypeptidase N is a plasma metallo-protease that cleaves basic amino acids from the C terminal of peptides and proteins. The enzyme is important in the regulation of peptides like kinins and anaphylatoxins, and has also been known as kininase-1 and anaphylatoxin inactivator. This enzyme is a tetramer comprised of two identical regulatory subunits and two identical catalytic subunits; this gene encodes the catalytic subunit. Mutations in this gene can be associated with angioedema or chronic urticaria resulting from carboxypeptidase N deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC4A11 | solute carrier family 4, sodium borate transporter, member 11|This gene encodes a voltage-regulated, electrogenic sodium-coupled borate cotransporter that is essential for borate homeostasis, cell growth and cell proliferation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with a number of endothelial corneal dystrophies including recessive corneal endothelial dystrophy 2, corneal dystrophy and perceptive deafness, and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| CLIC6 | chloride intracellular channel 6|This gene encodes a member of the chloride intracellular channel family of proteins. The gene is part of a large triplicated region found on chromosomes 1, 6, and 21. An alternatively spliced transcript variant has been described, but its biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCP4 | Purkinje cell protein 4| |
| STAB1 | stabilin 1|This gene encodes a large, transmembrane receptor protein which may function in angiogenesis, lymphocyte homing, cell adhesion, or receptor scavenging. The protein contains 7 fasciclin, 16 epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like, and 2 laminin-type EGF-like domains as well as a C-type lectin-like hyaluronan-binding Link module. The protein is primarily expressed on sinusoidal endothelial cells of liver, spleen, and lymph node. The receptor has been shown to endocytose ligands such as low density lipoprotein, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and advanced glycosylation end products. Supporting its possible role as a scavenger receptor, the protein rapidly cycles between the plasma membrane and early endosomes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STAB2 | stabilin 2|This gene encodes a large, transmembrane receptor protein which may function in angiogenesis, lymphocyte homing, cell adhesion, or receptor scavenging. The protein contains 7 fasciclin, 15 epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like, and 2 laminin-type EGF-like domains as well as a C-type lectin-like hyaluronan-binding Link module. The protein is primarily expressed on sinusoidal endothelial cells of liver, spleen, and lymph node. The receptor has been shown to bind and endocytose ligands such as hyaluronan, low density lipoprotein, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and advanced glycosylation end products. Supporting its possible role as a scavenger receptor, the protein has been shown to cycle between the plasma membrane and lysosomes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIAA0232 | KIAA0232| |
| PYHIN1 | pyrin and HIN domain family, member 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the HIN-200 family of interferon-inducible proteins that share a 200-amino acid signature motif at their C-termini. HIN200 proteins are primarily nuclear and are involved in transcriptional regulation of genes important for cell cycle control, differentiation, and apoptosis. Downregulation of this gene is associated with breast cancer. This protein acts as a tumor suppressor by promoting ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of MDM2, which leads to stabilization of p53/TP53. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| PCP2 | Purkinje cell protein 2| |
| LGI4 | leucine-rich repeat LGI family, member 4| |
| LETMD1 | LETM1 domain containing 1|This gene encodes a mitochondrial outer membrane protein. It has a potential role in tumorigenesis, which may result from negative regulation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| TRMT2A | tRNA methyltransferase 2 homolog A (S. cerevisiae)|The protein encoded by this gene is of unknown function. However, it is orthologous to the mouse Trmt2a gene and contains an RNA methyltransferase domain. Expression of this gene varies during the cell cycle, with aberrant expression being a possible biomarker in certain breast cancers. Several transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| ECE2 | endothelin converting enzyme 2|This gene encodes a member of the M13 family, which includes type 2 integral membrane metallopeptidases. The encoded enzyme is a membrane-bound zinc-dependent metalloprotease. The enzyme catalyzes the cleavage of big endothelin to produce the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1, and plays a role in the processing of several neuroendocrine peptides. It may also have methyltransferase activity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| ECE1 | endothelin converting enzyme 1|The protein encoded by this gene is involved in proteolytic processing of endothelin precursors to biologically active peptides. Mutations in this gene are associated with Hirschsprung disease, cardiac defects and autonomic dysfunction. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| TRMT2B | tRNA methyltransferase 2 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a homolog of the TRM2 gene in S. cerevisiae. The yeast gene encodes a tRNA methyltransferase that plays a role in tRNA maturation. The yeast protein also has endo-exonuclease activity and may be involved in DNA double strand break repair. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcripts encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| CLIC2 | chloride intracellular channel 2|This gene encodes a chloride intracellular channel protein. Chloride channels are a diverse group of proteins that regulate fundamental cellular processes including stabilization of cell membrane potential, transepithelial transport, maintenance of intracellular pH, and regulation of cell volume. This protein may play a role in inhibiting the function of ryanodine receptor 2. A mutation in this gene is the cause of X-linked mental retardation-32. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| NLGN3 | neuroligin 3|This gene encodes a member of a family of neuronal cell surface proteins. Members of this family may act as splice site-specific ligands for beta-neurexins and may be involved in the formation and remodeling of central nervous system synapses. Mutations in this gene may be associated with autism and Asperger syndrome. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| IMPACT | impact RWD domain protein| |
| DRG2 | developmentally regulated GTP binding protein 2|This gene encodes a GTP-binding protein known to function in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Read-through transcripts containing this gene and a downstream gene have been identified, but they are not thought to encode a fusion protein. This gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| DRG1 | developmentally regulated GTP binding protein 1| |
| ARHGAP40 | Rho GTPase activating protein 40| |
| ZNF205 | zinc finger protein 205| |
| ARHGAP42 | Rho GTPase activating protein 42| |
| NLGN1 | neuroligin 1|This gene encodes a member of a family of neuronal cell surface proteins. Members of this family may act as splice site-specific ligands for beta-neurexins and may be involved in the formation and remodeling of central nervous system synapses. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OC90 | otoconin 90| |
| ICA1 | islet cell autoantigen 1, 69kDa|This gene encodes a protein with an arfaptin homology domain that is found both in the cytosol and as membrane-bound form on the Golgi complex and immature secretory granules. This protein is believed to be an autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and primary Sjogren's syndrome. Several transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013] |
| SNW1 | SNW domain containing 1|This gene, a member of the SNW gene family, encodes a coactivator that enhances transcription from some Pol II promoters. This coactivator can bind to the ligand-binding domain of the vitamin D receptor and to retinoid receptors to enhance vitamin D-, retinoic acid-, estrogen-, and glucocorticoid-mediated gene expression. It can also function as a splicing factor by interacting with poly(A)-binding protein 2 to directly control the expression of muscle-specific genes at the transcriptional level. Finally, the protein may be involved in oncogenesis since it interacts with a region of SKI oncoproteins that is required for transforming activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AURKA | aurora kinase A|The protein encoded by this gene is a cell cycle-regulated kinase that appears to be involved in microtubule formation and/or stabilization at the spindle pole during chromosome segregation. The encoded protein is found at the centrosome in interphase cells and at the spindle poles in mitosis. This gene may play a role in tumor development and progression. A processed pseudogene of this gene has been found on chromosome 1, and an unprocessed pseudogene has been found on chromosome 10. Multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AURKB | aurora kinase B|This gene encodes a member of the aurora kinase subfamily of serine/threonine kinases. The genes encoding the other two members of this subfamily are located on chromosomes 19 and 20. These kinases participate in the regulation of segregation of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis through association with microtubules. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 8. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| AURKC | aurora kinase C|This gene encodes a member of the Aurora subfamily of serine/threonine protein kinases. The encoded protein is a chromosomal passenger protein that forms complexes with Aurora-B and inner centromere proteins and may play a role in organizing microtubules in relation to centrosome/spindle function during mitosis. This gene is overexpressed in several cancer cell lines, suggesting an involvement in oncogenic signal transduction. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AP1B1 | adaptor-related protein complex 1, beta 1 subunit|Adaptor protein complex 1 is found at the cytoplasmic face of coated vesicles located at the Golgi complex, where it mediates both the recruitment of clathrin to the membrane and the recognition of sorting signals within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane receptors. This complex is a heterotetramer composed of two large, one medium, and one small adaptin subunit. The protein encoded by this gene serves as one of the large subunits of this complex and is a member of the adaptin protein family. This gene is a candidate meningioma gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| TNNT1 | troponin T type 1 (skeletal, slow)|This gene encodes a protein that is a subunit of troponin, which is a regulatory complex located on the thin filament of the sarcomere. This complex regulates striated muscle contraction in response to fluctuations in intracellular calcium concentration. This complex is composed of three subunits: troponin C, which binds calcium, troponin T, which binds tropomyosin, and troponin I, which is an inhibitory subunit. This protein is the slow skeletal troponin T subunit. Mutations in this gene cause nemaline myopathy type 5, also known as Amish nemaline myopathy, a neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle weakness and rod-shaped, or nemaline, inclusions in skeletal muscle fibers which affects infants, resulting in death due to respiratory insufficiency, usually in the second year. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PHYKPL | 5-phosphohydroxy-L-lysine phospho-lyase|This is a nuclear gene encoding a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 5-phosphonooxy-L-lysine to ammonia, inorganic phosphate, and 2-aminoadipate semialdehyde. Mutations in this gene may cause phosphohydroxylysinuria. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| OR5H6 | olfactory receptor, family 5, subfamily H, member 6 (gene/pseudogene)|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GNPTG | N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase, gamma subunit|This gene encodes the gamma sunbunit of the N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase complex. This hexameric complex, composed of alpha, beta and gamma subunits, catalyzes the first step in synthesis of a mannose 6-phosphate lysosomal recognition marker. This enzyme complex is necessary for targeting of lysosomal hydrolases to the lysosome. Mutations in the gene encoding the gamma subunit have been associated with mucolipidosis IIIC, also known as mucolipidosis III gamma.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| CDC42EP3 | CDC42 effector protein (Rho GTPase binding) 3|This gene encodes a member of a small family of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) metabolizing proteins that contain a CRIB (Cdc42, Rac interactive binding) domain. Members of this family of proteins act as effectors of CDC42 function. The encoded protein is involved in actin cytoskeleton re-organization during cell shape changes, including pseudopodia formation. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 19. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| CDC42EP2 | CDC42 effector protein (Rho GTPase binding) 2|CDC42, a small Rho GTPase, regulates the formation of F-actin-containing structures through its interaction with the downstream effector proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Borg family of CDC42 effector proteins. Borg family proteins contain a CRIB (Cdc42/Rac interactive-binding) domain. They bind to, and negatively regulate the function of CDC42. Coexpression of this protein with CDC42 suggested a role of this protein in actin filament assembly and cell shape control. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| CDC42EP1 | CDC42 effector protein (Rho GTPase binding) 1|CDC42 is a member of the Rho GTPase family that regulates multiple cellular activities, including actin polymerization. The protein encoded by this gene is a CDC42 binding protein that mediates actin cytoskeleton reorganization at the plasma membrane. This protein is secreted and is primarily found in bone marrow. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TXLNB | taxilin beta| |
| CDC42EP5 | CDC42 effector protein (Rho GTPase binding) 5|Cell division control protein 42 (CDC42), a small Rho GTPase, regulates the formation of F-actin-containing structures through its interaction with the downstream effector proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Borg (binder of Rho GTPases) family of CDC42 effector proteins. Borg family proteins contain a CRIB (Cdc42/Rac interactive-binding) domain. They bind to CDC42 and regulate its function negatively. The encoded protein may inhibit c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) independently of CDC42 binding. The protein may also play a role in septin organization and inducing pseudopodia formation in fibroblasts [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| CDC42EP4 | CDC42 effector protein (Rho GTPase binding) 4|The product of this gene is a member of the CDC42-binding protein family. Members of this family interact with Rho family GTPases and regulate the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. This protein has been shown to bind both CDC42 and TC10 GTPases in a GTP-dependent manner. When overexpressed in fibroblasts, this protein was able to induce pseudopodia formation, which suggested a role in inducing actin filament assembly and cell shape control. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HRASLS5 | HRAS-like suppressor family, member 5| |
| TCP11 | t-complex 11, testis-specific| |
| TCP10 | t-complex 10| |
| TBKBP1 | TBK1 binding protein 1|TBKBP1 is an adaptor protein that binds to TBK1 (MIM 604834) and is part of the interaction network in the TNF (MIM 191160)/NFKB (see MIM 164011) pathway (Bouwmeester et al., 2004 [PubMed 14743216]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| RAB36 | RAB36, member RAS oncogene family| |
| AHCY | adenosylhomocysteinase|S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase belongs to the adenosylhomocysteinase family. It catalyzes the reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) to adenosine (Ado) and L-homocysteine (Hcy). Thus, it regulates the intracellular S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) concentration thought to be important for transmethylation reactions. Deficiency in this protein is one of the different causes of hypermethioninemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| WFIKKN2 | WAP, follistatin/kazal, immunoglobulin, kunitz and netrin domain containing 2|The WFIKKN1 protein contains a WAP domain, follistatin domain, immunoglobulin domain, two tandem Kunitz domains, and an NTR domain. This gene encodes a WFIKKN1-related protein which has the same domain organization as the WFIKKN1 protein. The WAP-type, follistatin type, Kunitz-type, and NTR-type protease inhibitory domains may control the action of multiple types of proteases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WFIKKN1 | WAP, follistatin/kazal, immunoglobulin, kunitz and netrin domain containing 1|This gene encodes a secreted multidomain protein consisting of a signal peptide, a WAP domain, a follistatin domain, an immunoglobulin domain, two tandem Kunitz domains, and an NTR domain. These domains have been implicated frequently in inhibition of various types of proteases, suggesting that the encoded protein may be a multivalent protease inhibitor and may control the action of multiple types of serine proteases as well as metalloproteinases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ASGR1 | asialoglycoprotein receptor 1|This gene encodes a subunit of the asialoglycoprotein receptor. This receptor is a transmembrane protein that plays a critical role in serum glycoprotein homeostasis by mediating the endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of glycoproteins with exposed terminal galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine residues. The asialoglycoprotein receptor may facilitate hepatic infection by multiple viruses including hepatitis B, and is also a target for liver-specific drug delivery. The asialoglycoprotein receptor is a hetero-oligomeric protein composed of major and minor subunits, which are encoded by different genes. The protein encoded by this gene is the more abundant major subunit. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| ABI2 | abl-interactor 2| |
| ABI3 | ABI family, member 3|This gene encodes a member of an adaptor protein family. Members of this family encode proteins containing a homeobox homology domain, proline rich region and Src-homology 3 (SH3) domain, and are components of the Abi/WAVE complex which regulates actin polymerization. The encoded protein inhibits ectopic metastasis of tumor cells as well as cell migration. This may be accomplished through interaction with p21-activated kinase. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| OTC | ornithine carbamoyltransferase|This nuclear gene encodes a mitochondrial matrix enzyme. Missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutations in this enzyme lead to ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, which causes hyperammonemia. Since the gene for this enzyme maps close to that for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, it may play a role in that disease also. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC22A4 | solute carrier family 22 (organic cation/zwitterion transporter), member 4|Polyspecific organic cation transporters in the liver, kidney, intestine, and other organs are critical for elimination of many endogenous small organic cations as well as a wide array of drugs and environmental toxins. The encoded protein is an organic cation transporter and plasma integral membrane protein containing eleven putative transmembrane domains as well as a nucleotide-binding site motif. Transport by this protein is at least partially ATP-dependent. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TESC | tescalcin| |
| MUC7 | mucin 7, secreted|This gene encodes a small salivary mucin, which is thought to play a role in facilitating the clearance of bacteria in the oral cavity and to aid in mastication, speech, and swallowing. The central domain of this glycoprotein contains tandem repeats, each composed of 23 amino acids. This antimicrobial protein has antibacterial and antifungal activity. The most common allele contains 6 repeats, and some alleles may be associated with susceptibility to asthma. Alternatively spliced transcript variants with different 5' UTR, but encoding the same protein, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| NKTR | natural killer cell triggering receptor|This gene encodes a membrane-anchored protein with a hydrophobic amino terminal domain and a cyclophilin-like PPIase domain. It is present on the surface of natural killer cells and facilitates their binding to targets. Its expression is regulated by IL2 activation of the cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FOXL2 | forkhead box L2|This gene encodes a forkhead transcription factor. The protein contains a fork-head DNA-binding domain and may play a role in ovarian development and function. Mutations in this gene are a cause of blepharophimosis syndrome and premature ovarian failure 3. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| NTF3 | neurotrophin 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the neurotrophin family, that controls survival and differentiation of mammalian neurons. This protein is closely related to both nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. It may be involved in the maintenance of the adult nervous system, and may affect development of neurons in the embryo when it is expressed in human placenta. NTF3-deficient mice generated by gene targeting display severe movement defects of the limbs. The mature peptide of this protein is identical in all mammals examined including human, pig, rat and mouse. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PITPNC1 | phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, cytoplasmic 1|This gene encodes a member of the phosphatidylinositol transfer protein family. The encoded cytoplasmic protein plays a role in multiple processes including cell signaling and lipid metabolism by facilitating the transfer of phosphatidylinositol between membrane compartments. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| KRT38 | keratin 38, type I|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. As a type I hair keratin, it is an acidic protein which heterodimerizes with type II keratins to form hair and nails. The type I hair keratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q12-q21 and have the same direction of transcription. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACADVL | acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, very long chain|The protein encoded by this gene is targeted to the inner mitochondrial membrane where it catalyzes the first step of the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway. This acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase is specific to long-chain and very-long-chain fatty acids. A deficiency in this gene product reduces myocardial fatty acid beta-oxidation and is associated with cardiomyopathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAB4B | RAB4B, member RAS oncogene family|RAB proteins, such as RAB4B, are members of the RAS superfamily of small GTPases that are involved in vesicular trafficking (He et al., 2002 [PubMed 12450215]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2009] |
| RAB4A | RAB4A, member RAS oncogene family|This gene is a member of the largest group in the Ras superfamily of small GTPases, which regulate membrane trafficking. The encoded protein is associated with early endosomes and is involved in their sorting and recycling. The protein also plays a role in regulating the recycling of receptors from endosomes to the plasma membrane. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| KRT31 | keratin 31, type I|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. As a type I hair keratin, it is an acidic protein which heterodimerizes with type II keratins to form hair and nails. The type I hair keratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q12-q21 and have the same direction of transcription. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRT32 | keratin 32, type I|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. As a type I hair keratin, it is an acidic protein which heterodimerizes with type II keratins to form hair and nails. The type I hair keratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q12-q21 and have the same direction of transcription. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRT35 | keratin 35, type I|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. This type I hair keratin is an acidic protein which heterodimerizes with type II keratins to form hair and nails. The type I hair keratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q12-q21 and have the same direction of transcription. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRT34 | keratin 34, type I|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. As a type I hair keratin, it is an acidic protein which heterodimerizes with type II keratins to form hair and nails. The type I hair keratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q12-q21 and have the same direction of transcription. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRT37 | keratin 37, type I|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. As a type I hair keratin, it is an acidic protein which heterodimerizes with type II keratins to form hair and nails. The type I hair keratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q12-q21 and have the same direction of transcription. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRT36 | keratin 36, type I|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. This type I hair keratin is an acidic protein which heterodimerizes with type II keratins to form hair and nails. The type I hair keratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q12-q21 and have the same direction of transcription. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IL21 | interleukin 21|This gene encodes a member of the common-gamma chain family of cytokines with immunoregulatory activity. The encoded protein plays a role in both the innate and adaptive immune responses by inducing the differentiation, proliferation and activity of multiple target cells including macrophages, natural killer cells, B cells and cytotoxic T cells. Dysregulation of this gene plays a role in multiple immune-mediated diseases including lupus, psoriasis and chronic inflammatory diseases. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| CHN2 | chimerin 2|This gene encodes a guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-metabolizing protein that contains a phorbol-ester/diacylglycerol (DAG)-type zinc finger, a Rho-GAP domain, and an SH2 domain. The encoded protein translocates from the cytosol to the Golgi apparatus membrane upon binding by diacylglycerol (DAG). Activity of this protein is important in cell proliferation and migration, and expression changes in this gene have been detected in cancers. A mutation in this gene has also been associated with schizophrenia in men. Alternative transcript splicing and the use of alternative promoters results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| CHN1 | chimerin 1|This gene encodes GTPase-activating protein for ras-related p21-rac and a phorbol ester receptor. It is predominantly expressed in neurons, and plays an important role in neuronal signal-transduction mechanisms. Mutations in this gene are associated with Duane's retraction syndrome 2 (DURS2). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011] |
| IL22 | interleukin 22| |
| IL25 | interleukin 25|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that shares sequence similarity with interleukin 17. This cytokine can induce NF-kappaB activation, and stimulate the production of interleukin 8. Both this cytokine and interleukin 17B are ligands for the cytokine receptor IL17BR. Studies of a similar gene in mice suggest that this cytokine may be a pro-inflammatory cytokine favoring the Th2-type immune response. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| IL24 | interleukin 24|This gene encodes a member of the IL10 family of cytokines. It was identified as a gene induced during terminal differentiation in melanoma cells. The protein encoded by this gene can induce apoptosis selectively in various cancer cells. Overexpression of this gene leads to elevated expression of several GADD family genes, which correlates with the induction of apoptosis. The phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK7/P38), and heat shock 27kDa protein 1 (HSPB2/HSP27) are found to be induced by this gene in melanoma cells, but not in normal immortal melanocytes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNASET2 | ribonuclease T2|This ribonuclease gene is a novel member of the Rh/T2/S-glycoprotein class of extracellular ribonucleases. It is a single copy gene that maps to 6q27, a region associated with human malignancies and chromosomal rearrangement. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IL26 | interleukin 26|This gene was identified by its overexpression specifically in herpesvirus samimiri-transformed T cells. The encoded protein is a member of the IL10 family of cytokines. It is a secreted protein and may function as a homodimer. This protein is thought to contribute to the transformed phenotype of T cells after infection by herpesvirus samimiri. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CAV2 | caveolin 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a major component of the inner surface of caveolae, small invaginations of the plasma membrane, and is involved in essential cellular functions, including signal transduction, lipid metabolism, cellular growth control and apoptosis. This protein may function as a tumor suppressor. This gene and related family member (CAV1) are located next to each other on chromosome 7, and express colocalizing proteins that form a stable hetero-oligomeric complex. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. Additional isoforms resulting from the use of alternate in-frame translation initiation codons have also been described, and shown to have preferential localization in the cell (PMID:11238462). [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| CAV3 | caveolin 3|This gene encodes a caveolin family member, which functions as a component of the caveolae plasma membranes found in most cell types. Caveolin proteins are proposed to be scaffolding proteins for organizing and concentrating certain caveolin-interacting molecules. Mutations identified in this gene lead to interference with protein oligomerization or intra-cellular routing, disrupting caveolae formation and resulting in Limb-Girdle muscular dystrophy type-1C (LGMD-1C), hyperCKemia or rippling muscle disease (RMD). Alternative splicing has been identified for this locus, with inclusion or exclusion of a differentially spliced intron. In addition, transcripts utilize multiple polyA sites and contain two potential translation initiation sites. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AXL | AXL receptor tyrosine kinase|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Tyro3-Axl-Mer (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily. The encoded protein possesses an extracellular domain which is composed of two immunoglobulin-like motifs at the N-terminal, followed by two fibronectin type-III motifs. It transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding to the vitamin K-dependent protein growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6). This gene may be involved in several cellular functions including growth, migration, aggregation and anti-inflammation in multiple cell types. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| KIF2B | kinesin family member 2B| |
| FDFT1 | farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1|This gene encodes a membrane-associated enzyme located at a branch point in the mevalonate pathway. The encoded protein is the first specific enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, catalyzing the dimerization of two molecules of farnesyl diphosphate in a two-step reaction to form squalene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EPX | eosinophil peroxidase|This gene is a member of the peroxidase gene family and is expressed in eosinophils. The encoded precursor protein is processed into covalently attached heavy and light chains to form the mature enzyme, which functions as an oxidant. The enzyme is released at sites of parasitic infection or allergen stimulation to mediate lysis of protozoa or parasitic worms. The gene is found in a cluster of three peroxidase genes at chromosome 17q23. Mutations in this gene result in eosinophil peroxidase deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| IL12RB1 | interleukin 12 receptor, beta 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a type I transmembrane protein that belongs to the hemopoietin receptor superfamily. This protein binds to interleukine 12 (IL12) with a low affinity, and is thought to be a part of IL12 receptor complex. This protein forms a disulfide-linked oligomer, which is required for its IL12 binding activity. The coexpression of this and IL12RB2 proteins was shown to lead to the formation of high-affinity IL12 binding sites and reconstitution of IL12 dependent signaling. Mutations in this gene impair the development of interleukin-17-producing T lymphocytes and result in increased susceptibility to mycobacterial and Salmonella infections. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| IL12RB2 | interleukin 12 receptor, beta 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a type I transmembrane protein identified as a subunit of the interleukin 12 receptor complex. The coexpression of this and IL12RB1 proteins was shown to lead to the formation of high-affinity IL12 binding sites and reconstitution of IL12 dependent signaling. The expression of this gene is up-regulated by interferon gamma in Th1 cells, and plays a role in Th1 cell differentiation. The up-regulation of this gene is found to be associated with a number of infectious diseases, such as Crohn's disease and leprosy, which is thought to contribute to the inflammatory response and host defense. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms and non-protein coding transcripts have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| ATP6AP1 | ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal accessory protein 1|This gene encodes a component of a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of eukaryotic intracellular organelles. Vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) is comprised of a cytosolic V1 (site of the ATP catalytic site) and a transmembrane V0 domain. V-ATPase dependent organelle acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. The encoded protein of this gene may assist in the V-ATPase-mediated acidification of neuroendocrine secretory granules. This protein may also play a role in early development. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| ATP6AP2 | ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal accessory protein 2|This gene encodes a protein that is associated with adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases). Proton-translocating ATPases have fundamental roles in energy conservation, secondary active transport, acidification of intracellular compartments, and cellular pH homeostasis. There are three classes of ATPases- F, P, and V. The vacuolar (V-type) ATPases have a transmembrane proton-conducting sector and an extramembrane catalytic sector. The encoded protein has been found associated with the transmembrane sector of the V-type ATPases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CTRC | chymotrypsin C (caldecrin)|This gene encodes a member of the peptidase S1 family. The encoded protein is a serum calcium-decreasing factor that has chymotrypsin-like protease activity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed, but their full-length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ENSA | endosulfine alpha|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a highly conserved cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein (ARPP) family. This protein was identified as an endogenous ligand for the sulfonylurea receptor, ABCC8/SUR1. ABCC8 is the regulatory subunit of the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel, which is located on the plasma membrane of pancreatic beta cells and plays a key role in the control of insulin release from pancreatic beta cells. This protein is thought to be an endogenous regulator of KATP channels. In vitro studies have demonstrated that this protein modulates insulin secretion through the interaction with KATP channel, and this gene has been proposed as a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes. At least eight alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CLINT1 | clathrin interactor 1|This gene encodes a protein with similarity to the epsin family of endocytic adapter proteins. The encoded protein interacts with clathrin, the adapter protein AP-1 and phosphoinositides. This protein may be involved in the formation of clathrin coated vesicles and trafficking between the trans-Golgi network and endosomes. Mutations in this gene are associated with a susceptibility to schizophrenia and psychotic disorders. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| H2BFS | H2B histone family, member S (pseudogene)| |
| BRCA2 | breast cancer 2, early onset|Inherited mutations in BRCA1 and this gene, BRCA2, confer increased lifetime risk of developing breast or ovarian cancer. Both BRCA1 and BRCA2 are involved in maintenance of genome stability, specifically the homologous recombination pathway for double-strand DNA repair. The BRCA2 protein contains several copies of a 70 aa motif called the BRC motif, and these motifs mediate binding to the RAD51 recombinase which functions in DNA repair. BRCA2 is considered a tumor suppressor gene, as tumors with BRCA2 mutations generally exhibit loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the wild-type allele. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| C4B | complement component 4B (Chido blood group)|This gene encodes the basic form of complement factor 4, part of the classical activation pathway. The protein is expressed as a single chain precursor which is proteolytically cleaved into a trimer of alpha, beta, and gamma chains prior to secretion. The trimer provides a surface for interaction between the antigen-antibody complex and other complement components. The alpha chain may be cleaved to release C4 anaphylatoxin, a mediator of local inflammation. Deficiency of this protein is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. This gene localizes to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region on chromosome 6. Varying haplotypes of this gene cluster exist, such that individuals may have 1, 2, or 3 copies of this gene. In addition, this gene exists as a long form and a short form due to the presence or absence of a 6.4 kb endogenous HERV-K retrovirus in intron 9. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MUC4 | mucin 4, cell surface associated|The major constituents of mucus, the viscous secretion that covers epithelial surfaces such as those in the trachea, colon, and cervix, are highly glycosylated proteins called mucins. These glycoproteins play important roles in the protection of the epithelial cells and have been implicated in epithelial renewal and differentiation. This gene encodes an integral membrane glycoprotein found on the cell surface, although secreted isoforms may exist. At least two dozen transcript variants of this gene have been found, although for many of them the full-length transcript has not been determined or they are found only in tumor tissues. This gene contains a region in the coding sequence which has a variable number (>100) of 48 nt tandem repeats. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AHRR | aryl-hydrocarbon receptor repressor|The protein encoded by this gene participates in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling cascade, which mediates dioxin toxicity, and is involved in regulation of cell growth and differentiation. It functions as a feedback modulator by repressing AhR-dependent gene expression. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| LAMTOR1 | late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor, MAPK and MTOR activator 1| |
| NAP1L1 | nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 1|This gene encodes a member of the nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family. This protein participates in DNA replication and may play a role in modulating chromatin formation and contribute to the regulation of cell proliferation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms; however, not all have been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| ACOT8 | acyl-CoA thioesterase 8|The protein encoded by this gene is a peroxisomal thioesterase that appears to be involved more in the oxidation of fatty acids rather than in their formation. The encoded protein can bind to the human immunodeficiency virus-1 protein Nef, and mediate Nef-induced down-regulation of CD4 in T-cells. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| ACOT9 | acyl-CoA thioesterase 9|The protein encoded by this gene is a mitochondrial acyl-CoA thioesterase of unknown function. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| ACOT7 | acyl-CoA thioesterase 7|This gene encodes a member of the acyl coenzyme family. The encoded protein hydrolyzes the CoA thioester of palmitoyl-CoA and other long-chain fatty acids. Decreased expression of this gene may be associated with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms with different subcellular locations have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACOT4 | acyl-CoA thioesterase 4| |
| ACOT2 | acyl-CoA thioesterase 2|This gene encodes a member of the acyl-CoA thioesterase protein family, and is one of four acyl-CoA hydrolase genes located in a cluster on chromosome 14. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| LRP8 | low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8, apolipoprotein e receptor|This gene encodes a member of the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family. Low density lipoprotein receptors are cell surface proteins that play roles in both signal transduction and receptor-mediated endocytosis of specific ligands for lysosomal degradation. The encoded protein plays a critical role in the migration of neurons during development by mediating Reelin signaling, and also functions as a receptor for the cholesterol transport protein apolipoprotein E. Expression of this gene may be a marker for major depressive disorder. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| H2BFM | H2B histone family, member M| |
| ACOT1 | acyl-CoA thioesterase 1| |
| ADCY4 | adenylate cyclase 4|This gene encodes a member of the family of adenylate cyclases, which are membrane-associated enzymes that catalyze the formation of the secondary messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Mouse studies show that adenylate cyclase 4, along with adenylate cyclases 2 and 3, is expressed in olfactory cilia, suggesting that several different adenylate cyclases may couple to olfactory receptors and that there may be multiple receptor-mediated mechanisms for the generation of cAMP signals. Alternative splicing results in transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| ADCY5 | adenylate cyclase 5|This gene encodes a member of the membrane-bound adenylyl cyclase enzymes. Adenylyl cyclases mediate G protein-coupled receptor signaling through the synthesis of the second messenger cAMP. Activity of the encoded protein is stimulated by the Gs alpha subunit of G protein-coupled receptors and is inhibited by protein kinase A, calcium and Gi alpha subunits. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with low birth weight and type 2 diabetes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| RBBP9 | retinoblastoma binding protein 9|The protein encoded by this gene is a retinoblastoma binding protein that may play a role in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene with identical predicted protein products have been reported, one of which is a nonsense-mediated decay candidate. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RBBP8 | retinoblastoma binding protein 8|The protein encoded by this gene is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein. It is found among several proteins that bind directly to retinoblastoma protein, which regulates cell proliferation. This protein complexes with transcriptional co-repressor CTBP. It is also associated with BRCA1 and is thought to modulate the functions of BRCA1 in transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, and/or cell cycle checkpoint control. It is suggested that this gene may itself be a tumor suppressor acting in the same pathway as BRCA1. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. More transcript variants exist, but their full-length natures have not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADCY1 | adenylate cyclase 1 (brain)|This gene encodes a member of the of adenylate cyclase gene family that is primarily expressed in the brain. This protein is regulated by calcium/calmodulin concentration and may be involved in brain development. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| ADCY2 | adenylate cyclase 2 (brain)|This gene encodes a member of the family of adenylate cyclases, which are membrane-associated enzymes that catalyze the formation of the secondary messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). This enzyme is insensitive to Ca(2+)/calmodulin, and is stimulated by the G protein beta and gamma subunit complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADCY3 | adenylate cyclase 3|This gene encodes adenylyl cyclase 3 which is a membrane-associated enzyme and catalyzes the formation of the secondary messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). This protein appears to be widely expressed in various human tissues and may be involved in a number of physiological and pathophysiological metabolic processes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIF25 | kinesin family member 25|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the kinesin-like protein family. Protein family members are microtubule-dependent molecular motors that transport organelles within cells and move chromosomes during cell division. However, the particular function of this gene product has not yet been determined. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants which encode products have been described. Other splice variants have been found that lack exon 2 and the initiation codon for translation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIF24 | kinesin family member 24|Kinesins, such as KIF24, are microtubule-dependent ATPases that function as molecular motors. They play important roles in intracellular vesicle transport and cell division (summary by Venturelli et al., 2010 [PubMed 20670673]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2011] |
| KIF27 | kinesin family member 27|This gene is a member of the KIF27 (kinesin 4) sub-family of the mammalian kinesin family. The gene is an ortholog of the Drosophila Cos2 gene, which plays an important role in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. The encoded protein contains an N-terminal motor domain which includes nucleotide-binding and microtubule-interacting regions, a stalk domain containing a predicted coiled coil motif and a C-terminal tail domain. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. Pseudogenes associated with this gene are located on chromosome 9. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| MAATS1 | MYCBP-associated, testis expressed 1| |
| RBBP7 | retinoblastoma binding protein 7|This protein is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein and belongs to a highly conserved subfamily of WD-repeat proteins. It is found among several proteins that binds directly to retinoblastoma protein, which regulates cell proliferation. The encoded protein is found in many histone deacetylase complexes, including mSin3 co-repressor complex. It is also present in protein complexes involved in chromatin assembly. This protein can interact with BRCA1 tumor-suppressor gene and may have a role in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| SECTM1 | secreted and transmembrane 1|This gene encodes a transmembrane and secreted protein with characteristics of a type 1a transmembrane protein. It is found in a perinuclear Golgi-like pattern and thought to be involved in hematopoietic and/or immune system processes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RBBP5 | retinoblastoma binding protein 5|This gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein which belongs to a highly conserved subfamily of WD-repeat proteins. The encoded protein binds directly to retinoblastoma protein, which regulates cell proliferation. It interacts preferentially with the underphosphorylated retinoblastoma protein via the E1A-binding pocket B. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| KIF22 | kinesin family member 22|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the kinesin-like protein family. The family members are microtubule-dependent molecular motors that transport organelles within cells and move chromosomes during cell division. The C-terminal half of this protein has been shown to bind DNA. Studies with the Xenopus homolog suggests its essential role in metaphase chromosome alignment and maintenance. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| JKAMP | JNK1/MAPK8-associated membrane protein| |
| RAB43 | RAB43, member RAS oncogene family| |
| LRRC31 | leucine rich repeat containing 31| |
| PNLIP | pancreatic lipase|This gene is a member of the lipase gene family. It encodes a carboxyl esterase that hydrolyzes insoluble, emulsified triglycerides, and is essential for the efficient digestion of dietary fats. This gene is expressed specifically in the pancreas. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NR3C1 | nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 (glucocorticoid receptor)|This gene encodes glucocorticoid receptor, which can function both as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements in the promoters of glucocorticoid responsive genes to activate their transcription, and as a regulator of other transcription factors. This receptor is typically found in the cytoplasm, but upon ligand binding, is transported into the nucleus. It is involved in inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation, and differentiation in target tissues. Mutations in this gene are associated with generalized glucocorticoid resistance. Alternative splicing of this gene results in transcript variants encoding either the same or different isoforms. Additional isoforms resulting from the use of alternate in-frame translation initiation sites have also been described, and shown to be functional, displaying diverse cytoplasm-to-nucleus trafficking patterns and distinct transcriptional activities (PMID:15866175). [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| HMMR | hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (RHAMM)|The protein encoded by this gene is involved in cell motility. It is expressed in breast tissue and together with other proteins, it forms a complex with BRCA1 and BRCA2, thus is potentially associated with higher risk of breast cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| FAM208A | family with sequence similarity 208, member A| |
| DDI2 | DNA-damage inducible 1 homolog 2 (S. cerevisiae)| |
| THOC2 | THO complex 2|The TREX multiprotein complex binds specifically to spliced mRNAs to facilitate mRNA export. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the THO complex, a subset of the TREX complex. The encoded protein interacts with the THOC1 protein.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| PDLIM5 | PDZ and LIM domain 5|This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins that possess a 100-amino acid PDZ domain at the N terminus and one to three LIM domains at the C-terminus. This family member functions as a scaffold protein that tethers protein kinases to the Z-disk in striated muscles. It is thought to function in cardiomyocyte expansion and in restraining postsynaptic growth of excitatory synapses. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| SKAP2 | src kinase associated phosphoprotein 2|The protein encoded by this gene shares homology with Src kinase-associated phosphoprotein 1, and is a substrate of Src family kinases. It is an adaptor protein that is thought to play an essential role in the Src signaling pathway, and in regulating proper activation of the immune system. This protein contains an amino terminal coiled-coil domain for self-dimerization, a plecskstrin homology (PH) domain required for interactions with lipids at the membrane, and a Src homology (SH3) domain at the carboxy terminus. Some reports indicate that this protein inhibits actin polymerization through interactions with actin assembly factors, and might negatively regulate the invasiveness of tumors by modulating actin assembly. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| RTKN2 | rhotekin 2| |
| PTPLAD1 | 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 3| |
| C12orf4 | chromosome 12 open reading frame 4| |
| C12orf5 | TP53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase|This gene is regulated as part of the p53 tumor suppressor pathway and encodes a protein with sequence similarity to the bisphosphate domain of the glycolytic enzyme that degrades fructose-2,6-bisphosphate. The protein functions by blocking glycolysis and directing the pathway into the pentose phosphate shunt. Expression of this protein also protects cells from DNA damaging reactive oxygen species and provides some protection from DNA damage-induced apoptosis. The 12p13.32 region that includes this gene is paralogous to the 11q13.3 region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LAMTOR3 | late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor, MAPK and MTOR activator 3|This gene encodes a scaffold protein that functions in the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade. The protein is localized to late endosomes by the mitogen-activated protein-binding protein-interacting protein, and binds specifically to MAP kinase kinase MAP2K1/MEK1, MAP kinase MAPK3/ERK1, and MAP kinase MAPK1/ERK2. Studies of the orthologous gene in mouse indicate that it regulates late endosomal traffic and cell proliferation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 13. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| C10orf90 | chromosome 10 open reading frame 90| |
| PROL1 | proline rich, lacrimal 1|This gene encodes a member of the proline-rich protein family. The encoded protein has multiple proposed functions, including roles in pain suppression, penile erection, and protection of the eye surface. The QRFSR pentapeptide, known as opiorphin, is derived from the N-terminal of this protein. Opiorphin inhibits the enkephalin-inactivating peptidases neprilysin and aminopeptidase N, and this activity is thought to reduce sensitivity to painful stimuli by effecting enkephalin-related activation of opioid-dependent pathways. Opiorphin may also act as an anti-depressant. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| RAB30 | RAB30, member RAS oncogene family| |
| XRCC1 | X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 1|The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the efficient repair of DNA single-strand breaks formed by exposure to ionizing radiation and alkylating agents. This protein interacts with DNA ligase III, polymerase beta and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase to participate in the base excision repair pathway. It may play a role in DNA processing during meiogenesis and recombination in germ cells. A rare microsatellite polymorphism in this gene is associated with cancer in patients of varying radiosensitivity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| XRCC3 | X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 3|This gene encodes a member of the RecA/Rad51-related protein family that participates in homologous recombination to maintain chromosome stability and repair DNA damage. This gene functionally complements Chinese hamster irs1SF, a repair-deficient mutant that exhibits hypersensitivity to a number of different DNA-damaging agents and is chromosomally unstable. A rare microsatellite polymorphism in this gene is associated with cancer in patients of varying radiosensitivity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| XRCC2 | X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 2|This gene encodes a member of the RecA/Rad51-related protein family that participates in homologous recombination to maintain chromosome stability and repair DNA damage. This gene is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination and it functionally complements Chinese hamster irs1, a repair-deficient mutant that exhibits hypersensitivity to a number of different DNA-damaging agents. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| XRCC5 | X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 5 (double-strand-break rejoining)|The protein encoded by this gene is the 80-kilodalton subunit of the Ku heterodimer protein which is also known as ATP-dependant DNA helicase II or DNA repair protein XRCC5. Ku is the DNA-binding component of the DNA-dependent protein kinase, and it functions together with the DNA ligase IV-XRCC4 complex in the repair of DNA double-strand break by non-homologous end joining and the completion of V(D)J recombination events. This gene functionally complements Chinese hamster xrs-6, a mutant defective in DNA double-strand break repair and in ability to undergo V(D)J recombination. A rare microsatellite polymorphism in this gene is associated with cancer in patients of varying radiosensitivity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| XRCC4 | X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 4|The protein encoded by this gene functions together with DNA ligase IV and the DNA-dependent protein kinase in the repair of DNA double-strand break by non-homologous end joining and the completion of V(D)J recombination events. The non-homologous end-joining pathway is required both for normal development and for suppression of tumors. This gene functionally complements XR-1 Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant, which is impaired in DNA double-strand breaks produced by ionizing radiation and restriction enzymes. Alternative transcription initiation and alternative splicing generates several transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| XRCC6 | X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 6|The p70/p80 autoantigen is a nuclear complex consisting of two subunits with molecular masses of approximately 70 and 80 kDa. The complex functions as a single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent helicase. The complex may be involved in the repair of nonhomologous DNA ends such as that required for double-strand break repair, transposition, and V(D)J recombination. High levels of autoantibodies to p70 and p80 have been found in some patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SMURF1 | SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1|This gene encodes a ubiquitin ligase that is specific for receptor-regulated SMAD proteins in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway. This protein plays a key roll in the regulation of cell motility, cell signalling, and cell polarity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| DCAF12L2 | DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 12-like 2|This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by Gly-His and Trp-Asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multi-protein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. This gene appears to represent an intronless retrocopy of a related multi-exon gene located on chromosome 9. However, the CDS of this intronless gene remains intact, it is conserved in other mammalian species, it is known to be transcribed, and it is therefore thought to encode a functional protein. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| SMURF2 | SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2| |
| CLEC7A | C-type lectin domain family 7, member A|This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. The encoded glycoprotein is a small type II membrane receptor with an extracellular C-type lectin-like domain fold and a cytoplasmic domain with an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif. It functions as a pattern-recognition receptor that recognizes a variety of beta-1,3-linked and beta-1,6-linked glucans from fungi and plants, and in this way plays a role in innate immune response. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. This gene is closely linked to other CTL/CTLD superfamily members on chromosome 12p13 in the natural killer gene complex region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KXD1 | KxDL motif containing 1| |
| MEIS3 | Meis homeobox 3| |
| MFN1 | mitofusin 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a mediator of mitochondrial fusion. This protein and mitofusin 2 are homologs of the Drosophila protein fuzzy onion (Fzo). They are mitochondrial membrane proteins that interact with each other to facilitate mitochondrial targeting. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NARS | asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase|Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are a class of enzymes that charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase is localized to the cytoplasm and belongs to the class II family of tRNA synthetases. The N-terminal domain represents the signature sequence for the eukaryotic asparaginyl-tRNA synthetases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHAC2 | protocadherin alpha subfamily C, 2|This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CHRAC1 | chromatin accessibility complex 1|CHRAC1 is a histone-fold protein that interacts with other histone-fold proteins to bind DNA in a sequence-independent manner. These histone-fold protein dimers combine within larger enzymatic complexes for DNA transcription, replication, and packaging.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| PCDHAC1 | protocadherin alpha subfamily C, 1|This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AKT1S1 | AKT1 substrate 1 (proline-rich)|AKT1S1 is a proline-rich substrate of AKT (MIM 164730) that binds 14-3-3 protein (see YWHAH, MIM 113508) when phosphorylated (Kovacina et al., 2003 [PubMed 12524439]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| NARF | nuclear prelamin A recognition factor|Several proteins have been found to be prenylated and methylated at their carboxyl-terminal ends. Prenylation was initially believed to be important only for membrane attachment. However, another role for prenylation appears to be its importance in protein-protein interactions. The only nuclear proteins known to be prenylated in mammalian cells are prelamin A- and B-type lamins. Prelamin A is farnesylated and carboxymethylated on the cysteine residue of a carboxyl-terminal CaaX motif. This post-translationally modified cysteine residue is removed from prelamin A when it is endoproteolytically processed into mature lamin A. The protein encoded by this gene binds to the prenylated prelamin A carboxyl-terminal tail domain. It may be a component of a prelamin A endoprotease complex. The encoded protein is located in the nucleus, where it partially colocalizes with the nuclear lamina. It shares limited sequence similarity with iron-only bacterial hydrogenases. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene, including one with a novel exon that is generated by RNA editing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GSPT2 | G1 to S phase transition 2|This gene encodes a GTPase that belongs to the GTP-binding elongation factor family. The encoded protein is a polypeptide release factor that complexes with eukaryotic peptide chain release factor 1 to mediate translation termination. This protein may also be involved in mRNA stability.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| TFR2 | transferrin receptor 2|This gene encodes a single-pass type II membrane protein, which is a member of the transferrin receptor-like family. This protein mediates cellular uptake of transferrin-bound iron, and may be involved in iron metabolism, hepatocyte function and erythrocyte differentiation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with hereditary hemochromatosis type III. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| DGCR8 | DGCR8 microprocessor complex subunit|This gene encodes a subunit of the microprocessor complex which mediates the biogenesis of microRNAs from the primary microRNA transcript. The encoded protein is a double-stranded RNA binding protein that functions as the non-catalytic subunit of the microprocessor complex. This protein is required for binding the double-stranded RNA substrate and facilitates cleavage of the RNA by the ribonuclease III protein, Drosha. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| RALGPS2 | Ral GEF with PH domain and SH3 binding motif 2| |
| MIER1 | mesoderm induction early response 1, transcriptional regulator|This gene encodes a protein that was first identified in Xenopus laevis by its role in a mesoderm induction early response (MIER). The encoded protein functions as a transcriptional regulator. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encode multiple isoforms, some of which lack a C-terminal nuclear localization signal. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| MIER2 | mesoderm induction early response 1, family member 2| |
| RALGPS1 | Ral GEF with PH domain and SH3 binding motif 1| |
| RSL1D1 | ribosomal L1 domain containing 1| |
| PAPD7 | PAP associated domain containing 7|The protein encoded by this gene is a DNA polymerase that is likely involved in DNA repair. In addition, the encoded protein may be required for sister chromatid adhesion. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| PAPD4 | PAP associated domain containing 4| |
| DDX60 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 60| |
| KIR3DL1 | killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, three domains, long cytoplasmic tail, 1|Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIR3DL2 | killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, three domains, long cytoplasmic tail, 2|Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. This gene is one of the "framework" loci that is present on all haplotypes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| LMNB2 | lamin B2|This gene encodes a B type nuclear lamin. The nuclear lamina consists of a two-dimensional matrix of proteins located next to the inner nuclear membrane. The lamin family of proteins make up the matrix and are highly conserved in evolution. During mitosis, the lamina matrix is reversibly disassembled as the lamin proteins are phosphorylated. Lamin proteins are thought to be involved in nuclear stability, chromatin structure and gene expression. Vertebrate lamins consist of two types, A and B. Mutations in this gene are associated with acquired partial lipodystrophy. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| IL13RA2 | interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 2|The protein encoded by this gene is closely related to Il13RA1, a subuint of the interleukin 13 receptor complex. This protein binds IL13 with high affinity, but lacks cytoplasmic domain, and does not appear to function as a signal mediator. It is reported to play a role in the internalization of IL13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IL13RA1 | interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the interleukin 13 receptor. This subunit forms a receptor complex with IL4 receptor alpha, a subunit shared by IL13 and IL4 receptors. This subunit serves as a primary IL13-binding subunit of the IL13 receptor, and may also be a component of IL4 receptors. This protein has been shown to bind tyrosine kinase TYK2, and thus may mediate the signaling processes that lead to the activation of JAK1, STAT3 and STAT6 induced by IL13 and IL4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LMNB1 | lamin B1|The nuclear lamina consists of a two-dimensional matrix of proteins located next to the inner nuclear membrane. The lamin family of proteins make up the matrix and are highly conserved in evolution. During mitosis, the lamina matrix is reversibly disassembled as the lamin proteins are phosphorylated. Lamin proteins are thought to be involved in nuclear stability, chromatin structure and gene expression. Vertebrate lamins consist of two types, A and B. This gene encodes one of the two B type proteins, B1. Alternative splicing results in transcript variants and a duplication of this gene is associated with autosomal dominant adult-onset leukodystrophy (ADLD). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| CAAP1 | caspase activity and apoptosis inhibitor 1| |
| TOLLIP | toll interacting protein|This gene encodes a ubiquitin-binding protein that interacts with several Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling cascade components. The encoded protein regulates inflammatory signaling and is involved in interleukin-1 receptor trafficking and in the turnover of IL1R-associated kinase. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| MRPS26 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S26|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein. This gene lies adjacent to and downstream of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone precursor gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD274 | CD274 molecule| |
| MRPS24 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S24|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 11. Read-through transcription exists between this gene and the upstream upregulator of cell proliferation (URGCP) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| MRPS25 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S25|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPS22 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S22|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that does not seem to have a counterpart in prokaryotic and fungal-mitochondrial ribosomes. This gene lies telomeric of and is transcribed in the opposite direction from the forkhead box L2 gene. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome Xq. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPS23 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S23|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 7p. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPS21 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S21|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S21P family. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 1p, 1q, 9p, 10p, 10q, 16q, and 17q. Available sequence data analyses identified splice variants that differ in the 5' UTR; both transcripts encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPP2R5D | protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B', delta|The product of this gene belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B family. Protein phosphatase 2A is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases, and it is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. It consists of a common heteromeric core enzyme, which is composed of a catalytic subunit and a constant regulatory subunit, that associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity. This gene encodes a delta isoform of the regulatory subunit B56 subfamily. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPP2R5E | protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B', epsilon isoform|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B family. Protein phosphatase 2A is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases, and it is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. It consists of a common heteromeric core enzyme, which is composed of a catalytic subunit and a constant regulatory subunit, that associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity. This gene encodes an epsilon isoform of the regulatory subunit B56 subfamily. Multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| PPP2R5A | protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B', alpha|The product of this gene belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B family. Protein phosphatase 2A is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases, and it is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. It consists of a common heteromeric core enzyme, which is composed of a catalytic subunit and a constant regulatory subunit, that associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity. This gene encodes an alpha isoform of the regulatory subunit B56 subfamily. Alternative transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| PPP2R5B | protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B', beta|The product of this gene belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B family. Protein phosphatase 2A is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases, and it is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. It consists of a common heteromeric core enzyme, which is composed of a catalytic subunit and a constant regulatory subunit, that associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity. This gene encodes a beta isoform of the regulatory subunit B56 subfamily. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPP2R5C | protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B', gamma|The product of this gene belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B family. Protein phosphatase 2A is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases, and it is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. It consists of a common heteromeric core enzyme, which is composed of a catalytic subunit and a constant regulatory subunit, that associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity. This gene encodes a gamma isoform of the regulatory subunit B56 subfamily. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LCMT1 | leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 1|LCMT1 catalyzes the methylation of the carboxyl group of the C-terminal leucine residue (leu309) of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase-2A (PPP2CA; MIM 176915) (De Baere et al., 1999 [PubMed 10600115]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| LCMT2 | leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 2|The protein encoded by this intronless gene belongs to the highly variable methyltransferase superfamily. This gene is the inferred homolog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae carboxymethyltransferase gene PPM2 that is essential for the synthesis of the hypermodified guanosine Wybutosine (yW). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| YY1 | YY1 transcription factor|YY1 is a ubiquitously distributed transcription factor belonging to the GLI-Kruppel class of zinc finger proteins. The protein is involved in repressing and activating a diverse number of promoters. YY1 may direct histone deacetylases and histone acetyltransferases to a promoter in order to activate or repress the promoter, thus implicating histone modification in the function of YY1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| YY2 | YY2 transcription factor|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that includes several Kruppel-like zinc fingers in its C-terminal region. It possesses both activation and repression domains, and it can therefore have both positive and negative effects on the transcription of target genes. This gene has an intronless coding region, and it appears to have arisen by retrotransposition of the related YY1 transcription factor gene, which is located on chromosome 14. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| CSPG5 | chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 5 (neuroglycan C)|The protein encoded by this gene is a proteoglycan that may function as a neural growth and differentiation factor. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| H2AFY2 | H2A histone family, member Y2| |
| NAMPT | nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase|This gene encodes a protein that catalyzes the condensation of nicotinamide with 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate to yield nicotinamide mononucleotide, one step in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The protein belongs to the nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (NAPRTase) family and is thought to be involved in many important biological processes, including metabolism, stress response and aging. This gene has a pseudogene on chromosome 10. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| GDI2 | GDP dissociation inhibitor 2|GDP dissociation inhibitors are proteins that regulate the GDP-GTP exchange reaction of members of the rab family, small GTP-binding proteins of the ras superfamily, that are involved in vesicular trafficking of molecules between cellular organelles. GDIs slow the rate of dissociation of GDP from rab proteins and release GDP from membrane-bound rabs. GDI2 is ubiquitously expressed. The GDI2 gene contains many repetitive elements indicating that it may be prone to inversion/deletion rearrangements. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GKAP1 | G kinase anchoring protein 1|This gene encodes a protein that is highly similar to the mouse cGMP-dependent protein kinase anchoring protein 42kDa. The mouse protein has been found to localize with the Golgi and recruit cGMP-dependent protein kinase I alpha to the Golgi in mouse testes. It is thought to play a role in germ cell development. Transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| NDUFB11 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 11, 17.3kDa|NDUFB11 is a component of mitochondrial complex I. Complex I catalyzes the first step in the electron transport chain, the transfer of 2 electrons from NADH to ubiquinone, coupled to the translocation of 4 protons across the membrane (Carroll et al., 2002 [PubMed 12381726]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2009] |
| ADCY10 | adenylate cyclase 10 (soluble)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a distinct class of adenylyl cyclases that is soluble and insensitive to G protein or forskolin regulation. Activity of this protein is regulated by bicarbonate. Variation at this gene has been observed in patients with absorptive hypercalciuria. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been observed. There is a pseudogene of this gene on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| KCNA6 | potassium channel, voltage gated shaker related subfamily A, member 6|Potassium channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. Four sequence-related potassium channel genes - shaker, shaw, shab, and shal - have been identified in Drosophila, and each has been shown to have human homolog(s). This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, shaker-related subfamily. This member contains six membrane-spanning domains with a shaker-type repeat in the fourth segment. It belongs to the delayed rectifier class. The coding region of this gene is intronless, and the gene is clustered with genes KCNA1 and KCNA5 on chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNA4 | potassium channel, voltage gated shaker related subfamily A, member 4|Potassium channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. Four sequence-related potassium channel genes - shaker, shaw, shab, and shal - have been identified in Drosophila, and each has been shown to have human homolog(s). This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, shaker-related subfamily. This member contains six membrane-spanning domains with a shaker-type repeat in the fourth segment. It belongs to the A-type potassium current class, the members of which may be important in the regulation of the fast repolarizing phase of action potentials in heart and thus may influence the duration of cardiac action potential.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| KCNA5 | potassium channel, voltage gated shaker related subfamily A, member 5|Potassium channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ino channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. Four sequence-related potassium channel genes - shaker, shaw, shab, and shal - have been identified in Drosophila, and each has been shown to have human homolog(s). This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, shaker-related subfamily. This member contains six membrane-spanning domains with a shaker-type repeat in the fourth segment. It belongs to the delayed rectifier class, the function of which could restore the resting membrane potential of beta cells after depolarization and thereby contribute to the regulation of insulin secretion. This gene is intronless, and the gene is clustered with genes KCNA1 and KCNA6 on chromosome 12. Defects in this gene are a cause of familial atrial fibrillation type 7 (ATFB7). [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| KCNA2 | potassium channel, voltage gated shaker related subfamily A, member 2|Potassium channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. Four sequence-related potassium channel genes - shaker, shaw, shab, and shal - have been identified in Drosophila, and each has been shown to have human homolog(s). This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, shaker-related subfamily. This member contains six membrane-spanning domains with a shaker-type repeat in the fourth segment. It belongs to the delayed rectifier class, members of which allow nerve cells to efficiently repolarize following an action potential. The coding region of this gene is intronless, and the gene is clustered with genes KCNA3 and KCNA10 on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNA3 | potassium channel, voltage gated shaker related subfamily A, member 3|Potassium channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. Four sequence-related potassium channel genes - shaker, shaw, shab, and shal - have been identified in Drosophila, and each has been shown to have human homolog(s). This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, shaker-related subfamily. This member contains six membrane-spanning domains with a shaker-type repeat in the fourth segment. It belongs to the delayed rectifier class, members of which allow nerve cells to efficiently repolarize following an action potential. It plays an essential role in T-cell proliferation and activation. This gene appears to be intronless and it is clustered together with KCNA2 and KCNA10 genes on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNA1 | potassium channel, voltage gated shaker related subfamily A, member 1|This gene encodes a voltage-gated delayed potassium channel that is phylogenetically related to the Drosophila Shaker channel. The encoded protein has six putative transmembrane segments (S1-S6), and the loop between S5 and S6 forms the pore and contains the conserved selectivity filter motif (GYGD). The functional channel is a homotetramer. The N-terminus of the channel is associated with beta subunits that can modify the inactivation properties of the channel as well as affect expression levels. The C-terminus of the channel is complexed to a PDZ domain protein that is responsible for channel targeting. Mutations in this gene have been associated with myokymia with periodic ataxia (AEMK). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SYCE1 | synaptonemal complex central element protein 1| |
| RHOF | ras homolog family member F (in filopodia)| |
| OPTN | optineurin|This gene encodes the coiled-coil containing protein optineurin. Optineurin may play a role in normal-tension glaucoma and adult-onset primary open angle glaucoma. Optineurin interacts with adenovirus E3-14.7K protein and may utilize tumor necrosis factor-alpha or Fas-ligand pathways to mediate apoptosis, inflammation or vasoconstriction. Optineurin may also function in cellular morphogenesis and membrane trafficking, vesicle trafficking, and transcription activation through its interactions with the RAB8, huntingtin, and transcription factor IIIA proteins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| JMJD6 | jumonji domain containing 6|This gene encodes a nuclear protein with a JmjC domain. JmjC domain-containing proteins are predicted to function as protein hydroxylases or histone demethylases. This protein was first identified as a putative phosphatidylserine receptor involved in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells; however, subsequent studies have indicated that it does not directly function in the clearance of apoptotic cells, and questioned whether it is a true phosphatidylserine receptor. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| JMJD7 | jumonji domain containing 7|This gene encodes a highly conserved protein with a JmjC domain, which are part of the cupin metalloenzyme superfamily. JmjC proteins may function as 2-oxoglutarate-Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases. Most tissues also express read-through transcripts from this gene into the downstream phospholipase A2, group IVB (cytosolic) gene, some of which may encode fusion proteins combining the N-terminus of this protein with the phospholipase A2, group IVB protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| JMJD4 | jumonji domain containing 4| |
| ZHX2 | zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2|The members of the zinc fingers and homeoboxes gene family are nuclear homodimeric transcriptional repressors that interact with the A subunit of nuclear factor-Y (NF-YA) and contain two C2H2-type zinc fingers and five homeobox DNA-binding domains. This gene encodes member 2 of this gene family. In addition to forming homodimers, this protein heterodimerizes with member 1 of the zinc fingers and homeoboxes family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZHX3 | zinc fingers and homeoboxes 3|This gene encodes a member of the zinc fingers and homeoboxes (ZHX) gene family. The encoded protein contains two C2H2-type zinc fingers and five homeodomains and forms a dimer with itself or with zinc fingers and homeoboxes family member 1. In the nucleus, the dimerized protein interacts with the A subunit of the ubiquitous transcription factor nuclear factor-Y and may function as a transcriptional repressor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZHX1 | zinc fingers and homeoboxes 1|The members of the zinc fingers and homeoboxes gene family are nuclear homodimeric transcriptional repressors that interact with the A subunit of nuclear factor-Y (NF-YA) and contain two C2H2-type zinc fingers and five homeobox DNA-binding domains. This gene encodes member 1 of this gene family. In addition to forming homodimers, this protein heterodimerizes with members 2 and 3 of the zinc fingers and homeoboxes family. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the downstream chromosome 8 open reading frame 76 (C8orf76) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| SYCE3 | synaptonemal complex central element protein 3| |
| OPTC | opticin|Opticin belongs to class III of the small leucine-rich repeat protein (SLRP) family. Members of this family are typically associated with the extracellular matrix. Opticin is present in significant quantities in the vitreous of the eye and also localizes to the cornea, iris, ciliary body, optic nerve, choroid, retina, and fetal liver. Opticin may noncovalently bind collagen fibrils and regulate fibril morphology, spacing, and organization. The opticin gene is mapped to a region of chromosome 1 that is associated with the inherited eye diseases age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and posterior column ataxia with retinosa pigmentosa (AXPC1). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FTL | ferritin, light polypeptide|This gene encodes the light subunit of the ferritin protein. Ferritin is the major intracellular iron storage protein in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It is composed of 24 subunits of the heavy and light ferritin chains. Variation in ferritin subunit composition may affect the rates of iron uptake and release in different tissues. A major function of ferritin is the storage of iron in a soluble and nontoxic state. Defects in this light chain ferritin gene are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases and hyperferritinemia-cataract syndrome. This gene has multiple pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TSACC | TSSK6 activating co-chaperone| |
| MCCC1 | methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (alpha)|This gene encodes the large subunit of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase. This enzyme functions as a heterodimer and catalyzes the carboxylation of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA to form 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA. Mutations in this gene are associated with 3-Methylcrotonylglycinuria, an autosomal recessive disorder of leucine catabolism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CBY3 | chibby homolog 3 (Drosophila)| |
| CCDC39 | coiled-coil domain containing 39|The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the motility of cilia and flagella. The encoded protein is essential for the assembly of dynein regulatory and inner dynein arm complexes, which regulate ciliary beat. Defects in this gene are a cause of primary ciliary dyskinesia type 14 (CILD14). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| ACACA | acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha|Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a complex multifunctional enzyme system. ACC is a biotin-containing enzyme which catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis. There are two ACC forms, alpha and beta, encoded by two different genes. ACC-alpha is highly enriched in lipogenic tissues. The enzyme is under long term control at the transcriptional and translational levels and under short term regulation by the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of targeted serine residues and by allosteric transformation by citrate or palmitoyl-CoA. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants divergent in the 5' sequence and encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACACB | acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta|Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a complex multifunctional enzyme system. ACC is a biotin-containing enzyme which catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis. ACC-beta is thought to control fatty acid oxidation by means of the ability of malonyl-CoA to inhibit carnitine-palmitoyl-CoA transferase I, the rate-limiting step in fatty acid uptake and oxidation by mitochondria. ACC-beta may be involved in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation, rather than fatty acid biosynthesis. There is evidence for the presence of two ACC-beta isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCDC33 | coiled-coil domain containing 33| |
| ZNF784 | zinc finger protein 784| |
| CCDC36 | coiled-coil domain containing 36| |
| SLFN11 | schlafen family member 11| |
| CCDC34 | coiled-coil domain containing 34| |
| PLA2G2A | phospholipase A2, group IIA (platelets, synovial fluid)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the phospholipase A2 family (PLA2). PLA2s constitute a diverse family of enzymes with respect to sequence, function, localization, and divalent cation requirements. This gene product belongs to group II, which contains secreted form of PLA2, an extracellular enzyme that has a low molecular mass and requires calcium ions for catalysis. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 fatty acid acyl ester bond of phosphoglycerides, releasing free fatty acids and lysophospholipids, and thought to participate in the regulation of the phospholipid metabolism in biomembranes. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants with different 5' UTRs have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| APPL1 | adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interaction, PH domain and leucine zipper containing 1|The protein encoded by this gene has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, and in the crosstalk between the adiponectin signalling and insulin signalling pathways. The encoded protein binds many other proteins, including RAB5A, DCC, AKT2, PIK3CA, adiponectin receptors, and proteins of the NuRD/MeCP1 complex. This protein is found associated with endosomal membranes, but can be released by EGF and translocated to the nucleus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| APPL2 | adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interaction, PH domain and leucine zipper containing 2|The protein encoded by this gene is one of two effectors of the small GTPase RAB5A/Rab5, which are involved in a signal transduction pathway. Both effectors contain an N-terminal Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain, a central pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, and a C-terminal phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, and they bind the Rab5 through the BAR domain. They are associated with endosomal membranes and can be translocated to the nucleus in response to the EGF stimulus. They interact with the NuRD/MeCP1 complex (nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase /methyl-CpG-binding protein 1 complex) and are required for efficient cell proliferation. A chromosomal aberration t(12;22)(q24.1;q13.3) involving this gene and the PSAP2 gene results in 22q13.3 deletion syndrome, also known as Phelan-McDermid syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| PLA2G2D | phospholipase A2, group IID|This gene encodes a secreted member of the phospholipase A2 family, and is found in a cluster of related family members on chromosome 1. Phospholipase A2 family members hydrolyze the sn-2 fatty acid ester bond of glycerophospholipids to produce lysophospholipids and free fatty acid. This gene may be involved in inflammation and immune response, and in weight loss associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| GAS8 | growth arrest-specific 8|This gene includes 11 exons spanning 25 kb and maps to a region of chromosome 16 that is sometimes deleted in breast and prostrate cancer. The second intron contains an apparently intronless gene, C16orf3, that is transcribed in the opposite orientation. This gene is a putative tumor suppressor gene. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2013] |
| ZNF789 | zinc finger protein 789| |
| MEMO1 | mediator of cell motility 1| |
| TFAP4 | transcription factor AP-4 (activating enhancer binding protein 4)|Transcription factors of the basic helix-loop-helix-zipper (bHLH-ZIP) family contain a basic domain, which is used for DNA binding, and HLH and ZIP domains, which are used for oligomerization. Transcription factor AP4 activates both viral and cellular genes by binding to the symmetrical DNA sequence CAGCTG (Mermod et al., 1988 [PubMed 2833704]; Hu et al., 1990 [PubMed 2123466]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2009] |
| CAPN12 | calpain 12|The calpains, calcium-activated neutral proteases, are nonlysosomal, intracellular cysteine proteases. The mammalian calpains include ubiquitous, stomach-specific, and muscle-specific proteins. The ubiquitous enzymes consist of heterodimers with distinct large, catalytic subunits associated with a common small, regulatory subunit. This gene encodes a member of the calpain large subunit family. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| GMNN | geminin, DNA replication inhibitor|This gene encodes a protein that plays a critical role in cell cycle regulation. The encoded protein inhibits DNA replication by binding to DNA replication factor Cdt1, preventing the incorporation of minichromosome maintenance proteins into the pre-replication complex. The encoded protein is expressed during the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle and is degraded by the anaphase-promoting complex during the metaphase-anaphase transition. Increased expression of this gene may play a role in several malignancies including colon, rectal and breast cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene, and two pseudogenes of this gene are located on the short arm of chromosome 16. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| CAPN10 | calpain 10|Calpains represent a ubiquitous, well-conserved family of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases. The calpain proteins are heterodimers consisting of an invariant small subunit and variable large subunits. The large catalytic subunit has four domains: domain I, the N-terminal regulatory domain that is processed upon calpain activation; domain II, the protease domain; domain III, a linker domain of unknown function; and domain IV, the calmodulin-like calcium-binding domain. This gene encodes a large subunit. It is an atypical calpain in that it lacks the calmodulin-like calcium-binding domain and instead has a divergent C-terminal domain. It is similar in organization to calpains 5 and 6. This gene is associated with type 2 or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and is located within the NIDDM1 region. Multiple alternative transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| ARTN | artemin|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the glial cell line-derived neurotophic factor (GDNF) family of ligands which are a group of ligands within the TGF-beta superfamily of signaling molecules. GDNFs are unique in having neurotrophic properties and have potential use for gene therapy in neurodegenerative disease. Artemin has been shown in culture to support the survival of a number of peripheral neuron populations and at least one population of dopaminergic CNS neurons. Its role in the PNS and CNS is further substantiated by its expression pattern in the proximity of these neurons. This protein is a ligand for the RET receptor and uses GFR-alpha 3 as a coreceptor. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| SLC22A9 | solute carrier family 22 (organic anion transporter), member 9| |
| DCTD | dCMP deaminase|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the deamination of dCMP to dUMP, the nucleotide substrate for thymidylate synthase. The encoded protein is allosterically activated by dCTP and inhibited by dTTP, and is found as a homohexamer. This protein uses zinc as a cofactor for its activity. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ERI1 | exoribonuclease 1| |
| SLC35D2 | solute carrier family 35 (UDP-GlcNAc/UDP-glucose transporter), member D2|Nucleotide sugars, which are synthesized in the cytosol or the nucleus, are high-energy donor substrates for glycosyltransferases located in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Translocation of nucleotide sugars from the cytosol into the lumen compartment is mediated by specific nucleotide sugar transporters, such as SLC35D2 (Suda et al., 2004 [PubMed 15082721]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SLC35D1 | solute carrier family 35 (UDP-GlcA/UDP-GalNAc transporter), member D1|Glycosylation of cellular glycoconjugates occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi compartment, and requires transport of nucleotide sugars from the cytosol into the lumen of the ER and Golgi by specific transporters. The protein encoded by this gene resides in the ER, and transports both UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine (UDP-GalNAc) from the cytoplasm to the ER lumen. It may participate in glucuronidation and/or chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis. Mutations in this gene are associated with Schneckenbecken dysplasia.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| MLNR | motilin receptor|Motilin is a 22 amino acid peptide hormone expressed throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The protein encoded by this gene is a motilin receptor which is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. This member is a multi-pass transmembrane protein, and is an important therapeutic target for the treatment of hypomotility disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| COX7B | cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIb|Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. This component is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may function in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes subunit VIIb, which is highly similar to bovine COX VIIb protein and is found in all tissues. This gene may have several pseudogenes on chromosomes 1, 2, 20 and 22. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| COX7C | cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIc|Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. This component is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may function in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes subunit VIIc, which shares 87% and 85% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and bovine COX VIIc, respectively, and is found in all tissues. A pseudogene COX7CP1 has been found on chromosome 13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BMPER | BMP binding endothelial regulator|This gene encodes a secreted protein that interacts with, and inhibits bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) function. It has been shown to inhibit BMP2- and BMP4-dependent osteoblast differentiation and BMP-dependent differentiation of the chondrogenic cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with a lethal skeletal disorder, diaphanospondylodysostosis. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| SARS2 | seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial|This gene encodes the mitochondrial seryl-tRNA synthethase precursor, a member of the class II tRNA synthetase family. The mature enzyme catalyzes the ligation of Serine to tRNA(Ser) and participates in the biosynthesis of selenocysteinyl-tRNA(sec) in mitochondria. The enzyme contains an N-terminal tRNA binding domain and a core catalytic domain. It functions in a homodimeric form, which is stabilized by tRNA binding. This gene is regulated by a bidirectional promoter that also controls the expression of mitochondrial ribosomal protein S12. Both genes are within the critical interval for the autosomal dominant deafness locus DFNA4 and might be linked to this disease. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| HS3ST6 | heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 6| |
| HS3ST5 | heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 5|HS3ST5 belongs to a group of heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferases (EC 2.8.2.23) that transfer sulfate from 3-prime-phosphoadenosine 5-prime phosphosulfate (PAPS) to heparan sulfate and heparin (Mochizuki et al., 2003 [PubMed 12740361]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| HS3ST4 | heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 4|This gene encodes the enzyme heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase 4. This enzyme generates 3-O-sulfated glucosaminyl residues in heparan sulfate. Cell surface heparan sulfate is used as a receptor by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and expression of this gene is thought to play a role in HSV-1 pathogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NECAP1 | NECAP endocytosis associated 1|This gene encodes a protein containing two characteristic WXXF motifs. The encoded protein localizes to clathrin-coated vesicles, where it binds components of the adapter protein complexes and aids in endocytosis. Loss of function of this gene results in early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-21. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 7. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| HS3ST2 | heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 2|Heparan sulfate biosynthetic enzymes are key components in generating a myriad of distinct heparan sulfate fine structures that carry out multiple biologic activities. The enzyme encoded by this gene is a member of the heparan sulfate biosynthetic enzyme family. It is a type II integral membrane protein and possesses heparan sulfate glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase activity. This gene is expressed predominantly in brain and may play a role in the nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HS3ST1 | heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 1|Heparan sulfate biosynthetic enzymes are key components in generating a myriad of distinct heparan sulfate fine structures that carry out multiple biologic activities. The enzyme encoded by this gene is a member of the heparan sulfate biosynthetic enzyme family. It possesses both heparan sulfate glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase activity, anticoagulant heparan sulfate conversion activity, and is a rate limiting enzyme for synthesis of anticoagulant heparan. This enzyme is an intraluminal Golgi resident protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NECAP2 | NECAP endocytosis associated 2|This gene likely encodes a member of the adaptin-ear-binding coat-associated protein family. Studies of a similar protein in rat suggest a role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| HYI | hydroxypyruvate isomerase (putative)|This gene encodes a putative hydroxypyruvate isomerase, which likely catalyzes the conversion of hydroxypyruvate to 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate, and may be involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| SVIP | small VCP/p97-interacting protein| |
| RPP40 | ribonuclease P/MRP 40kDa subunit| |
| GUSBP1 | glucuronidase, beta pseudogene 1| |
| SMOC2 | SPARC related modular calcium binding 2|This gene encodes a member of the SPARC family (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine/osteonectin/BM-40), which are highly expressed during embryogenesis and wound healing. The gene product is a matricellular protein which promotes matrix assembly and can stimulate endothelial cell proliferation and migration, as well as angiogenic activity. Associated with pulmonary function, this secretory gene product contains a Kazal domain, two thymoglobulin type-1 domains, and two EF-hand calcium-binding domains. The encoded protein may serve as a target for controlling angiogenesis in tumor growth and myocardial ischemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| TRIM24 | tripartite motif containing 24|The protein encoded by this gene mediates transcriptional control by interaction with the activation function 2 (AF2) region of several nuclear receptors, including the estrogen, retinoic acid, and vitamin D3 receptors. The protein localizes to nuclear bodies and is thought to associate with chromatin and heterochromatin-associated factors. The protein is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains - a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2 - and a coiled-coil region. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SGIP1 | SH3-domain GRB2-like (endophilin) interacting protein 1|SGIP1 functions as an endocytic protein that affects signaling by receptors in neuronal systems involved in energy homeostasis via its interaction with endophilins (see SH3GL3; MIM 603362) (Trevaskis et al., 2005 [PubMed 15919751] and Uezu et al., 2007 [PubMed 17626015]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SMOC1 | SPARC related modular calcium binding 1|This gene encodes a multi-domain secreted protein that may have a critical role in ocular and limb development. Mutations in this gene are associated with microphthalmia and limb anomalies. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| THUMPD1 | THUMP domain containing 1| |
| WDR35 | WD repeat domain 35|This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. Two patients with Sensenbrenner syndrome / cranioectodermal dysplasia (CED) were identified with mutations in this gene, consistent with a possible ciliary function.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| THUMPD3 | THUMP domain containing 3| |
| THUMPD2 | THUMP domain containing 2| |
| CHORDC1 | cysteine and histidine-rich domain (CHORD) containing 1| |
| PXDNL | peroxidasin-like| |
| LHPP | phospholysine phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase| |
| MLLT6 | myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia (trithorax homolog, Drosophila); translocated to, 6| |
| UVRAG | UV radiation resistance associated|This gene complements the ultraviolet sensitivity of xeroderma pigmentosum group C cells and encodes a protein with a C2 domain. The protein activates the Beclin1-PI(3)KC3 complex, promoting autophagy and suppressing the proliferation and tumorigenicity of human colon cancer cells. Chromosomal aberrations involving this gene are associated with left-right axis malformation and mutations in this gene have been associated with colon cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MLLT1 | myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia (trithorax homolog, Drosophila); translocated to, 1| |
| MLLT3 | myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia (trithorax homolog, Drosophila); translocated to, 3| |
| FAM3C | family with sequence similarity 3, member C|This gene is a member of the family with sequence similarity 3 (FAM3) family and encodes a secreted protein with a GG domain. A change in expression of this protein has been noted in pancreatic cancer-derived cells. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| PARP12 | poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 12| |
| WDR36 | WD repeat domain 36|This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with adult-onset primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SYNJ1 | synaptojanin 1|This gene encodes a phosphoinositide phosphatase that regulates levels of membrane phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. As such, expression of this enzyme may affect synaptic transmission and membrane trafficking. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| GLT8D2 | glycosyltransferase 8 domain containing 2| |
| GLT8D1 | glycosyltransferase 8 domain containing 1|This gene encodes a member of the glycosyltransferase family. The specific function of this protein has not been determined. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| SYNJ2 | synaptojanin 2|The gene is a member of the inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase family. The encoded protein interacts with the ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1, which causes translocation of the encoded protein to the plasma membrane where it inhibits clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| WDR31 | WD repeat domain 31|This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene but the biological validity of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANPEP | alanyl (membrane) aminopeptidase|Aminopeptidase N is located in the small-intestinal and renal microvillar membrane, and also in other plasma membranes. In the small intestine aminopeptidase N plays a role in the final digestion of peptides generated from hydrolysis of proteins by gastric and pancreatic proteases. Its function in proximal tubular epithelial cells and other cell types is less clear. The large extracellular carboxyterminal domain contains a pentapeptide consensus sequence characteristic of members of the zinc-binding metalloproteinase superfamily. Sequence comparisons with known enzymes of this class showed that CD13 and aminopeptidase N are identical. The latter enzyme was thought to be involved in the metabolism of regulatory peptides by diverse cell types, including small intestinal and renal tubular epithelial cells, macrophages, granulocytes, and synaptic membranes from the CNS. Human aminopeptidase N is a receptor for one strain of human coronavirus that is an important cause of upper respiratory tract infections. Defects in this gene appear to be a cause of various types of leukemia or lymphoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNHIT3 | zinc finger, HIT-type containing 3| |
| ZNHIT2 | zinc finger, HIT-type containing 2| |
| ZNHIT1 | zinc finger, HIT-type containing 1| |
| PSORS1C2 | psoriasis susceptibility 1 candidate 2| |
| REG1A | regenerating islet-derived 1 alpha|This gene is a type I subclass member of the Reg gene family. The Reg gene family is a multigene family grouped into four subclasses, types I, II, III and IV, based on the primary structures of the encoded proteins. This gene encodes a protein that is secreted by the exocrine pancreas. It is associated with islet cell regeneration and diabetogenesis and may be involved in pancreatic lithogenesis. Reg family members REG1B, REGL, PAP and this gene are tandemly clustered on chromosome 2p12 and may have arisen from the same ancestral gene by gene duplication. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| REG1B | regenerating islet-derived 1 beta|This gene is a type I subclass member of the Reg gene family. The Reg gene family is a multigene family grouped into four subclasses, types I, II, III and IV based on the primary structures of the encoded proteins. This gene encodes a protein secreted by the exocrine pancreas that is highly similar to the REG1A protein. The related REG1A protein is associated with islet cell regeneration and diabetogenesis, and may be involved in pancreatic lithogenesis. Reg family members REG1A, REGL, PAP and this gene are tandemly clustered on chromosome 2p12 and may have arisen from the same ancestral gene by gene duplication. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OSR1 | odd-skipped related transciption factor 1| |
| OSR2 | odd-skipped related transciption factor 2|OSR2 is a mammalian homolog of the Drosophila odd-skipped family of transcription factors (Lan et al., 2004 [PubMed 15175245]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| GTPBP4 | GTP binding protein 4|GTP-binding proteins are GTPases and function as molecular switches that can flip between two states: active, when GTP is bound, and inactive, when GDP is bound. 'Active' in this context usually means that the molecule acts as a signal to trigger other events in the cell. When an extracellular ligand binds to a G-protein-linked receptor, the receptor changes its conformation and switches on the trimeric G proteins that associate with it by causing them to eject their GDP and replace it with GTP. The switch is turned off when the G protein hydrolyzes its own bound GTP, converting it back to GDP. But before that occurs, the active protein has an opportunity to diffuse away from the receptor and deliver its message for a prolonged period to its downstream target. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GTPBP6 | GTP binding protein 6 (putative)|This gene encodes a GTP binding protein and is located in the pseudoautosomal region (PAR) at the end of the short arms of the X and Y chromosomes. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| GTPBP1 | GTP binding protein 1|This gene is upregulated by interferon-gamma and encodes a protein that is a member of the AGP11/GTPBP1 family of GTP-binding proteins. A structurally similar protein has been found in mouse, where disruption of the gene for that protein had no observable phenotype. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GTPBP3 | GTP binding protein 3 (mitochondrial)|This locus encodes a GTP-binding protein. The encoded protein is localized to the mitochondria and may play a role in mitochondrial tRNA modification. Polymorphisms at this locus may be associated with severity of aminoglycoside-induced deafness, a disease associated with a mutation in the 12S rRNA. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| NFATC2IP | nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 2 interacting protein| |
| ESYT1 | extended synaptotagmin-like protein 1| |
| GTPBP8 | GTP-binding protein 8 (putative)| |
| PCDHA2 | protocadherin alpha 2|This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHA3 | protocadherin alpha 3|This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHA1 | protocadherin alpha 1|This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHA6 | protocadherin alpha 6|This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHA7 | protocadherin alpha 7|This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHA4 | protocadherin alpha 4|This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHA5 | protocadherin alpha 5|This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IL15RA | interleukin 15 receptor, alpha|This gene encodes a cytokine receptor that specifically binds interleukin 15 (IL15) with high affinity. The receptors of IL15 and IL2 share two subunits, IL2R beta and IL2R gamma. This forms the basis of many overlapping biological activities of IL15 and IL2. The protein encoded by this gene is structurally related to IL2R alpha, an additional IL2-specific alpha subunit necessary for high affinity IL2 binding. Unlike IL2RA, IL15RA is capable of binding IL15 with high affinity independent of other subunits, which suggests distinct roles between IL15 and IL2. This receptor is reported to enhance cell proliferation and expression of apoptosis inhibitor BCL2L1/BCL2-XL and BCL2. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been reported.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| PCDHA8 | protocadherin alpha 8|This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TIPIN | TIMELESS interacting protein|The protein encoded by this gene is part of the replisome complex, a group of proteins that support DNA replication. It binds TIM, which is involved in circadian rhythm regulation, and aids in protecting cells against DNA damage and stress. Two pseudogenes and two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| PARP10 | poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 10|Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), such as PARP10, regulate gene transcription by altering chromatin organization by adding ADP-ribose to histones. PARPs can also function as transcriptional cofactors (Yu et al., 2005 [PubMed 15674325]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| HES5 | hes family bHLH transcription factor 5|This gene encodes a member of a family of basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional repressors. The protein product of this gene, which is activated downstream of the Notch pathway, regulates cell differentiation in multiple tissues. Disruptions in the normal expression of this gene have been associated with developmental diseases and cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| TRIM27 | tripartite motif containing 27|This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This protein localizes to the nuclear matrix. It interacts with the enhancer of polycomb protein and represses gene transcription. It is also thought to be involved in the differentiation of male germ cells. Fusion of the N-terminus of this protein with the truncated C-terminus of the RET gene product has been shown to result in production of the ret transforming protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MYOZ3 | myozenin 3|The protein encoded by this gene is specifically expressed in the skeletal muscle, and belongs to the myozenin family. Members of this family function as calcineurin-interacting proteins that help tether calcineurin to the sarcomere of cardiac and skeletal muscle. They play an important role in modulation of calcineurin signaling. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| SPRYD3 | SPRY domain containing 3| |
| HES6 | hes family bHLH transcription factor 6|This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of basic helix-loop-helix transcription repressors that have homology to the Drosophila enhancer of split genes. Members of this gene family regulate cell differentiation in numerous cell types. The protein encoded by this gene functions as a cofactor, interacting with other transcription factors through a tetrapeptide domain in its C-terminus. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| ESYT2 | extended synaptotagmin-like protein 2| |
| KRT18 | keratin 18, type I|KRT18 encodes the type I intermediate filament chain keratin 18. Keratin 18, together with its filament partner keratin 8, are perhaps the most commonly found members of the intermediate filament gene family. They are expressed in single layer epithelial tissues of the body. Mutations in this gene have been linked to cryptogenic cirrhosis. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OR7G3 | olfactory receptor, family 7, subfamily G, member 3|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BCL3 | B-cell CLL/lymphoma 3|This gene is a proto-oncogene candidate. It is identified by its translocation into the immunoglobulin alpha-locus in some cases of B-cell leukemia. The protein encoded by this gene contains seven ankyrin repeats, which are most closely related to those found in I kappa B proteins. This protein functions as a transcriptional co-activator that activates through its association with NF-kappa B homodimers. The expression of this gene can be induced by NF-kappa B, which forms a part of the autoregulatory loop that controls the nuclear residence of p50 NF-kappa B. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BCL2 | B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2|This gene encodes an integral outer mitochondrial membrane protein that blocks the apoptotic death of some cells such as lymphocytes. Constitutive expression of BCL2, such as in the case of translocation of BCL2 to Ig heavy chain locus, is thought to be the cause of follicular lymphoma. Two transcript variants, produced by alternate splicing, differ in their C-terminal ends. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BLID | BH3-like motif containing, cell death inducer|This gene encodes a BH3-like motif containing protein involved in cell death. The encoded protein may induce apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner. The protein is localized in both the cytoplasm and the mitochondrion. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| PLK1 | polo-like kinase 1| |
| POR | P450 (cytochrome) oxidoreductase|This gene encodes an endoplasmic reticulum membrane oxidoreductase with an FAD-binding domain and a flavodoxin-like domain. The protein binds two cofactors, FAD and FMN, which allow it to donate electrons directly from NADPH to all microsomal P450 enzymes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with various diseases, including apparent combined P450C17 and P450C21 deficiency, amenorrhea and disordered steroidogenesis, congenital adrenal hyperplasia and Antley-Bixler syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLK3 | polo-like kinase 3|Cytokine-inducible kinase is a putative serine/threonine kinase. CNK contains both a catalytic domain and a putative regulatory domain. It may play a role in regulation of cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLK2 | polo-like kinase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the polo family of serine/threonine protein kinases that have a role in normal cell division. This gene is most abundantly expressed in testis, spleen and fetal tissues, and its expression is inducible by serum, suggesting that it may also play an important role in cells undergoing rapid cell division. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| CLMN | calmin (calponin-like, transmembrane)| |
| PLK4 | polo-like kinase 4|This gene encodes a member of the polo family of serine/threonine protein kinases. The protein localizes to centrioles, complex microtubule-based structures found in centrosomes, and regulates centriole duplication during the cell cycle. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| LYRM2 | LYR motif containing 2| |
| LRFN1 | leucine rich repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing 1| |
| LYRM7 | LYR motif containing 7|Inner mitochondrial membrane complex III (CIII) is the main enzyme complex in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and Rieske Fe-S protein (UQCRFS1) is the last catalytic subunit added to the complex. The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial matrix protein that stabilizes UQCRFS1 and chaperones it to the CIII complex. Defects in this gene are a cause of mitochondrial complex III deficiency, nuclear type 8. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| LYRM4 | LYR motif containing 4| |
| NKX2-2 | NK2 homeobox 2|The protein encoded by this gene contains a homeobox domain and may be involved in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system. This gene is found on chromosome 20 near NKX2-4, and these two genes appear to be duplicated on chromosome 14 in the form of TITF1 and NKX2-8. The encoded protein is likely to be a nuclear transcription factor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CAPNS1 | calpain, small subunit 1|This gene is a member of the calpain small subunit family. Calpains are calcium-dependent cysteine proteinases that are widely distributed in mammalian cells. Calpains operate as heterodimers, comprising a specific large catalytic subunit (calpain 1 subunit in Calpain I, and calpain 2 subunit in Calpain II), and a common small regulatory subunit encoded by this gene. This encoded protein is essential for the stability and function of both calpain heterodimers, whose proteolytic activities influence various cellular functions including apoptosis, proliferation, migration, adhesion, and autophagy. Calpains have been implicated in neurodegenerative processes, such as myotonic dystrophy. A pseudogene of this gene has been defined on chromosome 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| NKX2-1 | NK2 homeobox 1|This gene encodes a protein initially identified as a thyroid-specific transcription factor. The encoded protein binds to the thyroglobulin promoter and regulates the expression of thyroid-specific genes but has also been shown to regulate the expression of genes involved in morphogenesis. Mutations and deletions in this gene are associated with benign hereditary chorea, choreoathetosis, congenital hypothyroidism, and neonatal respiratory distress, and may be associated with thyroid cancer. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. This gene shares the symbol/alias 'TTF1' with another gene, transcription termination factor 1, which plays a role in ribosomal gene transcription. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| GIGYF1 | GRB10 interacting GYF protein 1| |
| POLQ | polymerase (DNA directed), theta| |
| ZP3 | zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 (sperm receptor)|The zona pellucida is an extracellular matrix that surrounds the oocyte and early embryo. It is composed primarily of three or four glycoproteins with various functions during fertilization and preimplantation development. The protein encoded by this gene is a structural component of the zona pellucida and functions in primary binding and induction of the sperm acrosome reaction. The nascent protein contains a N-terminal signal peptide sequence, a conserved ZP domain, a C-terminal consensus furin cleavage site, and a transmembrane domain. It is hypothesized that furin cleavage results in release of the mature protein from the plasma membrane for subsequent incorporation into the zona pellucida matrix. However, the requirement for furin cleavage in this process remains controversial based on mouse studies. A variation in the last exon of this gene has previously served as the basis for an additional ZP3 locus; however, sequence and literature review reveals that there is only one full-length ZP3 locus in the human genome. Another locus encoding a bipartite transcript designated POMZP3 contains a duplication of the last four exons of ZP3, including the above described variation, and maps closely to this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZP2 | zona pellucida glycoprotein 2 (sperm receptor)|The zona pellucida is an extracellular matrix that surrounds the oocyte and early embryo. It is composed of three glycoproteins with various functions during fertilization and preimplantation development. The glycosylated mature peptide is one of the structural components of the zona pellucida and functions in secondary binding and penetration of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa. Female mice lacking this gene do not form a stable zona matrix and are sterile. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| ZP4 | zona pellucida glycoprotein 4|The zona pellucida is an extracellular matrix that surrounds the oocyte and early embryo. It is composed primarily of three or four glycoproteins with various functions during fertilization and preimplantation development. The nascent protein contains a N-terminal signal peptide sequence, a conserved ZP domain, a consensus furin cleavage site, and a C-terminal transmembrane domain. It is hypothesized that furin cleavage results in release of the mature protein from the plasma membrane for subsequent incorporation into the zona pellucida matrix. However, the requirement for furin cleavage in this process remains controversial based on mouse studies. Previously, this gene has been referred to as ZP1 or ZPB and thought to have similar functions as mouse Zp1. However, a human gene with higher similarity and chromosomal synteny to mouse Zp1 has been assigned the symbol ZP1 and this gene has been assigned the symbol ZP4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIM21 | tripartite motif containing 21|This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The encoded protein is part of the RoSSA ribonucleoprotein, which includes a single polypeptide and one of four small RNA molecules. The RoSSA particle localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. RoSSA interacts with autoantigens in patients with Sjogren syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. Alternatively spliced transcript variants for this gene have been described but the full-length nature of only one has been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LAG3 | lymphocyte-activation gene 3|Lymphocyte-activation protein 3 belongs to Ig superfamily and contains 4 extracellular Ig-like domains. The LAG3 gene contains 8 exons. The sequence data, exon/intron organization, and chromosomal localization all indicate a close relationship of LAG3 to CD4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OAS1 | 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, 40/46kDa|This gene encodes a member of the 2-5A synthetase family, essential proteins involved in the innate immune response to viral infection. The encoded protein is induced by interferons and uses adenosine triphosphate in 2'-specific nucleotidyl transfer reactions to synthesize 2',5'-oligoadenylates (2-5As). These molecules activate latent RNase L, which results in viral RNA degradation and the inhibition of viral replication. The three known members of this gene family are located in a cluster on chromosome 12. Mutations in this gene have been associated with host susceptibility to viral infection. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OAS3 | 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 3, 100kDa|This gene encodes an enzyme included in the 2', 5' oligoadenylate synthase family. This enzyme is induced by interferons and catalyzes the 2', 5' oligomers of adenosine in order to bind and activate RNase L. This enzyme family plays a significant role in the inhibition of cellular protein synthesis and viral infection resistance. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OAS2 | 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 2, 69/71kDa|This gene encodes a member of the 2-5A synthetase family, essential proteins involved in the innate immune response to viral infection. The encoded protein is induced by interferons and uses adenosine triphosphate in 2'-specific nucleotidyl transfer reactions to synthesize 2',5'-oligoadenylates (2-5As). These molecules activate latent RNase L, which results in viral RNA degradation and the inhibition of viral replication. The three known members of this gene family are located in a cluster on chromosome 12. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TTYH1 | tweety family member 1|This gene encodes a member of the tweety family of proteins. Members of this family function as chloride anion channels. The encoded protein functions as a calcium(2+)-independent, volume-sensitive large conductance chloride(-) channel. Three transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| TTYH2 | tweety family member 2|This gene encodes a member of the tweety family of proteins. Members of this family function as chloride anion channels. The encoded protein functions as a calcium(2+)-activated large conductance chloride(-) channel, and may play a role in kidney tumorigenesis. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TTYH3 | tweety family member 3|This gene encodes a member of the tweety family of proteins. Members of this family function as chloride anion channels. The encoded protein functions as a calcium(2+)-activated large conductance chloride(-) channel. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STK11IP | serine/threonine kinase 11 interacting protein| |
| DKK2 | dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2|This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the dickkopf family. The secreted protein contains two cysteine rich regions and is involved in embryonic development through its interactions with the Wnt signaling pathway. It can act as either an agonist or antagonist of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, depending on the cellular context and the presence of the co-factor kremen 2. Activity of this protein is also modulated by binding to the Wnt co-receptor LDL-receptor related protein 6 (LRP6). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPAG11B | sperm associated antigen 11B|This gene encodes several androgen-dependent, epididymis-specific secretory proteins. The specific functions of these proteins have not been determined, but they are thought to be involved in sperm maturation. Some of the isoforms contain regions of similarity to beta-defensins, a family of antimicrobial peptides. The gene is located on chromosome 8p23 near the defensin gene cluster. Alternative splicing of this gene results in seven transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Two different N-terminal and five different C-terminal protein sequences are encoded by the splice variants. Two additional variants have been described, but their full length sequences have not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SMS | spermine synthase|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the spermidine/spermin synthase family. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 1, 5, 6 and X. Mutations in this gene are associated with X-linked Snyder-Robinson mental retardation syndrome. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| OASL | 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase-like| |
| CCIN | calicin|The protein encoded by this gene is a basic protein of the sperm head cytoskeleton. This protein contains kelch repeats and a BTB/POZ domain and is necessary for normal morphology during sperm differentiation. This gene is intronless. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CSNK1G2 | casein kinase 1, gamma 2| |
| CSNK1G3 | casein kinase 1, gamma 3|This gene encodes a member of a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that phosphorylate caseins and other acidic proteins. A related protein in the African clawed frog participates in the transmission of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| CSNK1G1 | casein kinase 1, gamma 1|This gene encodes a member of the casein kinase I gene family. The encoded protein is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates acidic proteins, and participates in pathways for cell growth. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| NBPF1 | neuroblastoma breakpoint family, member 1|This gene is a member of the neuroblastoma breakpoint family (NBPF) which consists of dozens of recently duplicated genes primarily located in segmental duplications on human chromosome 1. This gene family has experienced its greatest expansion within the human lineage and has expanded, to a lesser extent, among primates in general. Members of this gene family are characterized by tandemly repeated copies of DUF1220 protein domains. Gene copy number variations in the human chromosomal region 1q21.1, where most DUF1220 domains are located, have been implicated in a number of developmental and neurogenetic diseases such as microcephaly, macrocephaly, autism, schizophrenia, mental retardation, congenital heart disease, neuroblastoma, and congenital kidney and urinary tract anomalies. Altered expression of some gene family members is associated with several types of cancer. This gene family contains numerous pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2013] |
| SERPINB1 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the serpin family of proteinase inhibitors. Members of this family maintain homeostasis by neutralizing overexpressed proteinase activity through their function as suicide substrates. This protein inhibits the neutrophil-derived proteinases neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase-3 and thus protects tissues from damage at inflammatory sites. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| SERPINB3 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 3| |
| SERPINB2 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 2| |
| TDRD5 | tudor domain containing 5| |
| SERPINB4 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 4| |
| SERPINB6 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 6|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the serpin (serine proteinase inhibitor) superfamily, and ovalbumin(ov)-serpin subfamily. It was originally discovered as a placental thrombin inhibitor. The mouse homolog was found to be expressed in the hair cells of the inner ear. Mutations in this gene are associated with nonsyndromic progressive hearing loss, suggesting that this serpin plays an important role in the inner ear in the protection against leakage of lysosomal content during stress, and that loss of this protection results in cell death and sensorineural hearing loss. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| PCGF1 | polycomb group ring finger 1|PCGF1 is a mammalian homolog of the Drosophila polycomb group genes, which act as transcriptional repressors to regulate anterior-posterior patterning in early embryonic development (Nunes et al., 2001 [PubMed 11287196]). See also PCGF2 (MIM 600346).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2008] |
| FAM76B | family with sequence similarity 76, member B| |
| FAM76A | family with sequence similarity 76, member A| |
| PCGF2 | polycomb group ring finger 2|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger motif and is similar to the polycomb group (PcG) gene products. PcG gene products form complexes via protein-protein interaction and maintain the transcription repression of genes involved in embryogenesis, cell cycles, and tumorigenesis. This protein was shown to act as a negative regulator of transcription and has tumor suppressor activity. The expression of this gene was detected in various tumor cells, but is limited in neural organs in normal tissues. Knockout studies in mice suggested that this protein may negatively regulate the expression of different cytokines, chemokines, and chemokine receptors, and thus plays an important role in lymphocyte differentiation and migration, as well as in immune responses. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCGF5 | polycomb group ring finger 5| |
| CX3CR1 | chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1|Fractalkine is a transmembrane protein and chemokine involved in the adhesion and migration of leukocytes. The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for fractalkine. The encoded protein also is a coreceptor for HIV-1, and some variations in this gene lead to increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and rapid progression to AIDS. Four transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| BMX | BMX non-receptor tyrosine kinase|This gene encodes a non-receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the Tec kinase family. The protein contains a PH-like domain, which mediates membrane targeting by binding to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3), and a SH2 domain that binds to tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins and functions in signal transduction. The protein is implicated in several signal transduction pathways including the Stat pathway, and regulates differentiation and tumorigenicity of several types of cancer cells. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| MAGED1 | melanoma antigen family D1|This gene is a member of the melanoma antigen gene (MAGE) family. Most of the genes of this family encode tumor specific antigens that are not expressed in normal adult tissues except testis. Although the protein encoded by this gene shares strong homology with members of the MAGE family, it is expressed in almost all normal adult tissues. This gene has been demonstrated to be involved in the p75 neurotrophin receptor mediated programmed cell death pathway. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAGED2 | melanoma antigen family D2|This gene is a member of the MAGED gene family. The MAGED genes are clustered on chromosome Xp11. This gene is located in Xp11.2, a hot spot for X-linked mental retardation (XLMR). This gene may also be involved in several types of cancer, including breast cancer and melanoma. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| MAGED4 | melanoma antigen family D4| |
| C6orf62 | chromosome 6 open reading frame 62| |
| ATP8B3 | ATPase, aminophospholipid transporter, class I, type 8B, member 3|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of aminophospholipid-transporting ATPases. The aminophospholipid translocases transport phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine from one side of a bilayer to the other. This gene encodes member 3 of phospholipid-transporting ATPase 8B; other members of this protein family are located on chromosomes 1, 15 and 18. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| ATP8B2 | ATPase, aminophospholipid transporter, class I, type 8B, member 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of aminophospholipid-transporting ATPases. The aminophospholipid translocases transport phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine from one side of a bilayer to another. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATP8B1 | ATPase, aminophospholipid transporter, class I, type 8B, member 1|This gene encodes a member of the P-type cation transport ATPase family, which belongs to the subfamily of aminophospholipid-transporting ATPases. The aminophospholipid translocases transport phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine from one side of a bilayer to another. Mutations in this gene may result in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1 and in benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EXD3 | exonuclease 3'-5' domain containing 3| |
| EXD2 | exonuclease 3'-5' domain containing 2| |
| EXD1 | exonuclease 3'-5' domain containing 1| |
| ATP8B4 | ATPase, class I, type 8B, member 4|This gene encodes a member of the cation transport ATPase (P-type) family and type IV subfamily. The encoded protein is involved in phospholipid transport in the cell membrane. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| ELP6 | elongator acetyltransferase complex subunit 6| |
| ELP5 | elongator acetyltransferase complex subunit 5| |
| ELP4 | elongator acetyltransferase complex subunit 4|This gene encodes a component of the six subunit elongator complex, a histone acetyltransferase complex that associates directly with RNA polymerase II during transcriptional elongation. The human gene can partially complement sensitivity phenotypes of yeast ELP4 deletion mutants. This gene has also been associated with Rolandic epilepsy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| ELP3 | elongator acetyltransferase complex subunit 3|ELP3 is the catalytic subunit of the histone acetyltransferase elongator complex, which contributes to transcript elongation and also regulates the maturation of projection neurons (Creppe et al., 2009 [PubMed 19185337]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2009] |
| ELP2 | elongator acetyltransferase complex subunit 2| |
| ROBO2 | roundabout, axon guidance receptor, homolog 2 (Drosophila)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ROBO family, part of the immunoglobulin superfamily of proteins that are highly conserved from fly to human. The encoded protein is a transmembrane receptor for the slit homolog 2 protein and functions in axon guidance and cell migration. Mutations in this gene are associated with vesicoureteral reflux, characterized by the backward flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters or the kidney. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| CYFIP2 | cytoplasmic FMR1 interacting protein 2| |
| ALPPL2 | alkaline phosphatase, placental-like 2|There are at least four distinct but related alkaline phosphatases: intestinal, placental, placental-like, and liver/bone/kidney (tissue non-specific). The product of this gene is a membrane bound glycosylated enzyme, localized to testis, thymus and certain germ cell tumors, that is closely related to both the placental and intestinal forms of alkaline phosphatase. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C22orf46 | chromosome 22 open reading frame 46| |
| NUDT16L1 | nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 16-like 1| |
| CCDC86 | coiled-coil domain containing 86| |
| DPPA2 | developmental pluripotency associated 2| |
| DPPA3 | developmental pluripotency associated 3|This gene encodes a protein that in mice may function as a maternal factor during the preimplantation stage of development. In mice, this gene may play a role in transcriptional repression, cell division, and maintenance of cell pluripotentiality. In humans, related intronless loci are located on chromosomes 14 and X. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPL37 | ribosomal protein L37|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L37E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. The protein contains a C2C2-type zinc finger-like motif. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPRYD4 | SPRY domain containing 4| |
| DPPA4 | developmental pluripotency associated 4| |
| SPRYD7 | SPRY domain containing 7| |
| KLHDC4 | kelch domain containing 4| |
| KLHDC2 | kelch domain containing 2| |
| CDC123 | cell division cycle 123| |
| KLHDC1 | kelch domain containing 1| |
| LRP5L | low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5-like| |
| UBAP2 | ubiquitin associated protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene contains a UBA (ubiquitin associated) domain, which is characteristic of proteins that function in the ubiquitination pathway. This gene may show increased expression in the adrenal gland and lymphatic tissues. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| UBAP1 | ubiquitin associated protein 1|This gene is a member of the UBA domain family, whose members include proteins having connections to ubiquitin and the ubiquitination pathway. The ubiquitin associated domain is thought to be a non-covalent ubiquitin binding domain consisting of a compact three helix bundle. This particular protein originates from a gene locus in a refined region on chromosome 9 undergoing loss of heterozygosity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Taking into account its cytogenetic location, this UBA domain family member is being studies as a putative target for mutation in nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| TRIM56 | tripartite motif containing 56| |
| EBNA1BP2 | EBNA1 binding protein 2| |
| TLR3 | toll-like receptor 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This receptor is most abundantly expressed in placenta and pancreas, and is restricted to the dendritic subpopulation of the leukocytes. It recognizes dsRNA associated with viral infection, and induces the activation of NF-kappaB and the production of type I interferons. It may thus play a role in host defense against viruses. Use of alternative polyadenylation sites to generate different length transcripts has been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ASXL1 | additional sex combs like transcriptional regulator 1|This gene is similar to the Drosophila additional sex combs gene, which encodes a chromatin-binding protein required for normal determination of segment identity in the developing embryo. The protein is a member of the Polycomb group of proteins, which are necessary for the maintenance of stable repression of homeotic and other loci. The protein is thought to disrupt chromatin in localized areas, enhancing transcription of certain genes while repressing the transcription of other genes. The protein encoded by this gene functions as a ligand-dependent co-activator for retinoic acid receptor in cooperation with nuclear receptor coactivator 1. Mutations in this gene are associated with myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| POLK | polymerase (DNA directed) kappa|External and internal DNA-damaging agents continually threaten the integrity of genetic material in cells. Although a variety of repair mechanisms exist to remove the resulting lesions, some lesions escape repair and block the replication machinery. Members of the Y family of DNA polymerases, such as POLK, permit the continuity of the replication fork by allowing replication through such DNA lesions. Each Y family polymerase has a unique DNA-damage bypass and fidelity profile. POLK is specialized for the extension step of lesion bypass (summary by Lone et al., 2007 [PubMed 17317631]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2010] |
| MMP21 | matrix metallopeptidase 21|This gene encodes a member of the matrix metalloproteinase family. Proteins in this family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix for both normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, and disease processes, such as asthma and tumor metastasis. The encoded protein may play an important role in embryogenesis, particularly in neuronal cells, as well as in lymphocyte development and survival. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| ASXL2 | additional sex combs like transcriptional regulator 2|ASXL2 is a human homolog of the Drosophila asx gene. Drosophila asx is an enhancer of trithorax (see MIM 159555) and polycomb (see MIM 610231) (ETP) gene that encodes a chromatin protein with dual functions in transcriptional activation and silencing (Katoh and Katoh, 2003 [PubMed 12888926]).[supplied by OMIM, Sep 2009] |
| CTR9 | CTR9, Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component|CTR9, parafibromin (CDC73; MIM 607393), LEO1 (MIM 610507), and PAF1 (MIM 610506) form the PAF protein complex, which associates with the RNA polymerase II subunit POLR2A (MIM 180660) and with a histone methyltransferase complex (Rozenblatt-Rosen et al., 2005 [PubMed 15632063]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| HDDC2 | HD domain containing 2| |
| HDDC3 | HD domain containing 3| |
| ZBTB39 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 39| |
| ZBTB38 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 38|The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcriptional activator that binds methylated DNA. The encoded protein can form homodimers or heterodimers through the zinc finger domains. In mouse, inhibition of this protein has been associated with apoptosis in some cell types. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| INADL | InaD-like (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a protein with multiple PDZ domains. PDZ domains mediate protein-protein interactions, and proteins with multiple PDZ domains often organize multimeric complexes at the plasma membrane. This protein localizes to tight junctions and to the apical membrane of epithelial cells. A similar protein in Drosophila is a scaffolding protein which tethers several members of a multimeric signaling complex in photoreceptors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HTR2A | 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2A, G protein-coupled|This gene encodes one of the receptors for serotonin, a neurotransmitter with many roles. Mutations in this gene are associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder, and are also associated with response to the antidepressant citalopram in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). MDD patients who also have a mutation in intron 2 of this gene show a significantly reduced response to citalopram as this antidepressant downregulates expression of this gene. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| HTR2C | 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C, G protein-coupled|This gene encodes a seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor. The encoded protein responds to signaling through the neurotransmitter serotonin. The mRNA of this gene is subject to multiple RNA editing events, where adenosine residues encoded by the genome are converted to inosines. RNA editing is predicted to alter the structure of the second intracellular loop, thereby generating alternate protein forms with decreased ability to interact with G proteins. Abnormalities in RNA editing of this gene have been detected in victims of suicide that suffer from depression. In addition, naturally-occuring variation in the promoter and 5' non-coding and coding regions of this gene may show statistically-significant association with mental illness and behavioral disorders. Alternative splicing results in multiple different transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| HTR2B | 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2B, G protein-coupled|This gene encodes one of the several different receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) that belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Serotonin is a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. Serotonin receptors mediate many of the central and peripheral physiologic functions of serotonin, including regulation of cardiovascular functions and impulsive behavior. Population and family-based analyses of a minor allele (glutamine-to-stop substitution, designated Q20*) which blocks expression of this protein, and knockout studies in mice, suggest a role for this gene in impulsivity. However, other factors, such as elevated testosterone levels, may also be involved. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| C1orf131 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 131| |
| NEUROG2 | neurogenin 2|This gene encodes a neural-specific basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that can specify a neuronal fate on ectodermal cells and is expressed in neural progenitor cells within the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. The protein product of this gene also plays a role in the differentiation and survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| GBA2 | glucosidase, beta (bile acid) 2|This gene encodes a microsomal beta-glucosidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of bile acid 3-O-glucosides as endogenous compounds. Studies to determine subcellular localization of this protein in the liver indicated that the enzyme was mainly enriched in the microsomal fraction where it appeared to be confined to the endoplasmic reticulum. This putative transmembrane protein is thought to play a role in carbohydrate transport and metabolism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZBTB32 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 32| |
| DDX60L | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 60-like| |
| ZBTB37 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 37| |
| DDX1 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box helicase 1|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein of unknown function. It shows high transcription levels in 2 retinoblastoma cell lines and in tissues of neuroectodermal origin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KLHL36 | kelch-like family member 36| |
| KLHL34 | kelch-like family member 34| |
| KLHL35 | kelch-like family member 35| |
| KLHL32 | kelch-like family member 32| |
| KLHL33 | kelch-like family member 33| |
| NDUFV2 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 2, 24kDa|The NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex (complex I) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone, and consists of at least 43 subunits. The complex is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This gene encodes the 24 kDa subunit of complex I, and is involved in electron transfer. Mutations in this gene are implicated in Parkinson's disease, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and have been found in one case of early onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and encephalopathy. A non-transcribed pseudogene of this locus is found on chromosome 19. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| TMEM92 | transmembrane protein 92| |
| TMEM91 | transmembrane protein 91| |
| SGTB | small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-containing, beta| |
| TMEM97 | transmembrane protein 97|TMEM97 is a conserved integral membrane protein that plays a role in controlling cellular cholesterol levels (Bartz et al., 2009 [PubMed 19583955]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2009] |
| KLHL38 | kelch-like family member 38| |
| SGTA | small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-containing, alpha|This gene encodes a protein which is capable of interacting with the major nonstructural protein of parvovirus H-1 and 70-kDa heat shock cognate protein; however, its function is not known. Since this transcript is expressed ubiquitously in various tissues, this protein may serve a housekeeping function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIAA0895 | KIAA0895| |
| EIF1B | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1B| |
| TRIM48 | tripartite motif containing 48| |
| TRIM49 | tripartite motif containing 49|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING zinc finger, a motif known to be involved in protein-protein interactions. This gene has been found to be preferentially expressed in testis. Related pseudogenes and gene duplicates have also been identified on chromosome 11. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| MTNR1B | melatonin receptor 1B|This gene encodes one of two high affinity forms of a receptor for melatonin, the primary hormone secreted by the pineal gland. This gene product is an integral membrane protein that is a G-protein coupled, 7-transmembrane receptor. It is found primarily in the retina and brain although this detection requires RT-PCR. It is thought to participate in light-dependent functions in the retina and may be involved in the neurobiological effects of melatonin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIM47 | tripartite motif containing 47| |
| TRIM44 | tripartite motif containing 44|This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, namely a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIM45 | tripartite motif containing 45|This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif family. The encoded protein may function as a transcriptional repressor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| TRIM42 | tripartite motif containing 42|This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, namely a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIM43 | tripartite motif containing 43| |
| TRIM40 | tripartite motif containing 40|This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family. The encoded protein may play a role as a negative regulator against inflammation and carcinogenesis in the gastrointestinal tract. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| TRIM41 | tripartite motif containing 41|This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM family is characterized by a signature motif composed of a RING finger, one or more B-box domains, and a coiled-coil region. This encoded protein may play a role in protein kinase C signaling. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| IVD | isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase|Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVD) is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme that catalyzes the third step in leucine catabolism. The genetic deficiency of IVD results in an accumulation of isovaleric acid, which is toxic to the central nervous system and leads to isovaleric acidemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| TBPL2 | TATA box binding protein like 2| |
| PEX3 | peroxisomal biogenesis factor 3|The product of this gene is involved in peroxisome biosynthesis and integrity. It assembles membrane vesicles before the matrix proteins are translocated. Peroxins (PEXs) are proteins that are essential for the assembly of functional peroxisomes. The peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs) are a group of genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive, lethal diseases characterized by multiple defects in peroxisome function. The peroxisomal biogenesis disorders are a heterogeneous group with at least 14 complementation groups and with more than 1 phenotype being observed in cases falling into particular complementation groups. Although the clinical features of PBD patients vary, cells from all PBD patients exhibit a defect in the import of one or more classes of peroxisomal matrix proteins into the organelle. Defects in this gene are a cause Zellweger syndrome (ZWS). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| PEX2 | peroxisomal biogenesis factor 2|This gene encodes an integral peroxisomal membrane protein required for peroxisome biogenesis. The protein is thought to be involved in peroxisomal matrix protein import. Mutations in this gene result in one form of Zellweger syndrome and infantile Refsum disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PEX5 | peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5|The product of this gene binds to the C-terminal PTS1-type tripeptide peroxisomal targeting signal (SKL-type) and plays an essential role in peroxisomal protein import. Peroxins (PEXs) are proteins that are essential for the assembly of functional peroxisomes. The peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs) are a group of genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive, lethal diseases characterized by multiple defects in peroxisome function. The peroxisomal biogenesis disorders are a heterogeneous group with at least 14 complementation groups and with more than 1 phenotype being observed in cases falling into particular complementation groups. Although the clinical features of PBD patients vary, cells from all PBD patients exhibit a defect in the import of one or more classes of peroxisomal matrix proteins into the organelle. Defects in this gene are a cause of neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD), a cause of Zellweger syndrome (ZWS) as well as may be a cause of infantile Refsum disease (IRD). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| PEX7 | peroxisomal biogenesis factor 7|This gene encodes the cytosolic receptor for the set of peroxisomal matrix enzymes targeted to the organelle by the peroxisome targeting signal 2 (PTS2). Defects in this gene cause peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs), which are characterized by multiple defects in peroxisome function. There are at least 14 complementation groups for PBDs, with more than one phenotype being observed in cases falling into particular complementation groups. Although the clinical features of PBD patients vary, cells from all PBD patients exhibit a defect in the import of one or more classes of peroxisomal matrix proteins into the organelle. Defects in this gene have been associated with PBD complementation group 11 (PBD-CG11) disorders, rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata type 1 (RCDP1), and Refsum disease (RD). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| PEX6 | peroxisomal biogenesis factor 6|This gene encodes a member of the AAA (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) family of ATPases. This member is a predominantly cytoplasmic protein, which plays a direct role in peroxisomal protein import and is required for PTS1 (peroxisomal targeting signal 1, a C-terminal tripeptide of the sequence ser-lys-leu) receptor activity. Mutations in this gene cause peroxisome biogenesis disorders of complementation group 4 and complementation group 6. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| IVL | involucrin|Involucrin, a component of the keratinocyte crosslinked envelope, is found in the cytoplasm and crosslinked to membrane proteins by transglutaminase. This gene is mapped to 1q21, among calpactin I light chain, trichohyalin, profillaggrin, loricrin, and calcyclin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CEP170P1 | centrosomal protein 170kDa pseudogene 1|This locus appears to be a transcribed pseudogene similar to centrosomal protein 170kDa (CEP170). An approximately 50 kb region upstream of this locus also is homologous to CEP170, but is not transcribed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NRD1 | nardilysin (N-arginine dibasic convertase)|This gene encodes a zinc-dependent endopeptidase that cleaves peptide substrates at the N-terminus of arginine residues in dibasic moieties and is a member of the peptidase M16 family. This protein interacts with heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor and plays a role in cell migration and proliferation. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| NUP205 | nucleoporin 205kDa| |
| PPP2R1A | protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit A, alpha|This gene encodes a constant regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2. Protein phosphatase 2 is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases, and it is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. It consists of a common heteromeric core enzyme, which is composed of a catalytic subunit and a constant regulatory subunit, that associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. The constant regulatory subunit A serves as a scaffolding molecule to coordinate the assembly of the catalytic subunit and a variable regulatory B subunit. This gene encodes an alpha isoform of the constant regulatory subunit A. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| REV1 | REV1, polymerase (DNA directed)|This gene encodes a protein with similarity to the S. cerevisiae mutagenesis protein Rev1. The Rev1 proteins contain a BRCT domain, which is important in protein-protein interactions. A suggested role for the human Rev1-like protein is as a scaffold that recruits DNA polymerases involved in translesion synthesis (TLS) of damaged DNA. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different proteins have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GAS6 | growth arrest-specific 6|This gene encodes a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-containing protein thought to be involved in the stimulation of cell proliferation. This gene is frequently overexpressed in many cancers and has been implicated as an adverse prognostic marker. Elevated protein levels are additionally associated with a variety of disease states, including venous thromboembolic disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic renal failure, and preeclampsia. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014] |
| GALNT1 | polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1|This gene encodes a member of the UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family of enzymes. GalNAc-Ts initiate mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus by catalyzing the transfer of GalNAc to serine and threonine residues on target proteins. They are characterized by an N-terminal transmembrane domain, a stem region, a lumenal catalytic domain containing a GT1 motif and Gal/GalNAc transferase motif, and a C-terminal ricin/lectin-like domain. GalNAc-Ts have different, but overlapping, substrate specificities and patterns of expression. Transcript variants derived from this gene that utilize alternative polyA signals have been described in the literature. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SERF2 | small EDRK-rich factor 2| |
| ERMN | ermin, ERM-like protein| |
| ACE | angiotensin I converting enzyme|This gene encodes an enzyme involved in catalyzing the conversion of angiotensin I into a physiologically active peptide angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasopressor and aldosterone-stimulating peptide that controls blood pressure and fluid-electrolyte balance. This enzyme plays a key role in the renin-angiotensin system. Many studies have associated the presence or absence of a 287 bp Alu repeat element in this gene with the levels of circulating enzyme or cardiovascular pathophysiologies. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified, and two most abundant spliced variants encode the somatic form and the testicular form, respectively, that are equally active. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| ACD | adrenocortical dysplasia homolog (mouse)|This gene encodes a protein that is involved in telomere function. This protein is one of six core proteins in the telosome/shelterin telomeric complex, which functions to maintain telomere length and to protect telomere ends. Through its interaction with other components, this protein plays a key role in the assembly and stabilization of this complex, and it mediates the access of telomerase to the telomere. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. This gene, which is also referred to as TPP1, is distinct from the unrelated TPP1 gene on chromosome 11, which encodes tripeptidyl-peptidase I. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATP5S | ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit s (factor B)|This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. This gene encodes the subunit s, also known as factor B, of the proton channel. This subunit is necessary for the energy transduction activity of the ATP synthase complexes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NEB | nebulin|This gene encodes nebulin, a giant protein component of the cytoskeletal matrix that coexists with the thick and thin filaments within the sarcomeres of skeletal muscle. In most vertebrates, nebulin accounts for 3 to 4% of the total myofibrillar protein. The encoded protein contains approximately 30-amino acid long modules that can be classified into 7 types and other repeated modules. Protein isoform sizes vary from 600 to 800 kD due to alternative splicing that is tissue-, species-,and developmental stage-specific. Of the 183 exons in the nebulin gene, at least 43 are alternatively spliced, although exons 143 and 144 are not found in the same transcript. Of the several thousand transcript variants predicted for nebulin, the RefSeq Project has decided to create three representative RefSeq records. Mutations in this gene are associated with recessive nemaline myopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| ATP5J | ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit F6|Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. It is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, which comprises the proton channel. The F1 complex consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled in a ratio of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The Fo seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the F6 subunit of the Fo complex, required for F1 and Fo interactions. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. A pseudogene exists on chromosome Yp11.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| ATP5I | ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit E|Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. It is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, which comprises the proton channel. The F1 complex consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled in a ratio of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The Fo seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the e subunit of the Fo complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| ATP5H | ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit d|Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. It is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, which comprises the proton channel. The F1 complex consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled in a ratio of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The Fo seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the d subunit of the Fo complex. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. In addition, three pseudogenes are located on chromosomes 9, 12 and 15. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| ATP5O | ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, O subunit|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the F-type ATPase found in the mitochondrial matrix. F-type ATPases are composed of a catalytic core and a membrane proton channel. The encoded protein appears to be part of the connector linking these two components and may be involved in transmission of conformational changes or proton conductance. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ME3 | malic enzyme 3, NADP(+)-dependent, mitochondrial|Malic enzyme catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate using either NAD+ or NADP+ as a cofactor. Mammalian tissues contain 3 distinct isoforms of malic enzyme: a cytosolic NADP(+)-dependent isoform, a mitochondrial NADP(+)-dependent isoform, and a mitochondrial NAD(+)-dependent isoform. This gene encodes a mitochondrial NADP(+)-dependent isoform. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the biological validity of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| B3GALNT2 | beta-1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2|This gene encodes a member of the glycosyltransferase 31 family. The encoded protein synthesizes GalNAc:beta-1,3GlcNAc, a novel carbohydrate structure, on N- and O-glycans. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| ATP5B | ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, beta polypeptide|This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel consists of three main subunits (a, b, c). This gene encodes the beta subunit of the catalytic core. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HFE | hemochromatosis|The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane protein that is similar to MHC class I-type proteins and associates with beta2-microglobulin (beta2M). It is thought that this protein functions to regulate iron absorption by regulating the interaction of the transferrin receptor with transferrin. The iron storage disorder, hereditary haemochromatosis, is a recessive genetic disorder that results from defects in this gene. At least nine alternatively spliced variants have been described for this gene. Additional variants have been found but their full-length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GNAI3 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 3|Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling pathways. G proteins are composed of 3 units: alpha, beta and gamma. This gene encodes an alpha subunit and belongs to the G-alpha family. Mutation in this gene, resulting in a gly40-to-arg substitution, is associated with auriculocondylar syndrome, and shown to affect downstream targets in the G protein-coupled endothelin receptor pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| ATP5E | ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, epsilon subunit|This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel consists of three main subunits (a, b, c). This gene encodes the epsilon subunit of the catalytic core. Two pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 4 and 13. Read-through transcripts that include exons from this gene are expressed from the upstream gene SLMO2.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| ATP5D | ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, delta subunit|This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel consists of three main subunits (a, b, c). This gene encodes the delta subunit of the catalytic core. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same isoform have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPR146 | G protein-coupled receptor 146| |
| MPZL2 | myelin protein zero-like 2|Thymus development depends on a complex series of interactions between thymocytes and the stromal component of the organ. Epithelial V-like antigen (EVA) is expressed in thymus epithelium and strongly downregulated by thymocyte developmental progression. This gene is expressed in the thymus and in several epithelial structures early in embryogenesis. It is highly homologous to the myelin protein zero and, in thymus-derived epithelial cell lines, is poorly soluble in nonionic detergents, strongly suggesting an association to the cytoskeleton. Its capacity to mediate cell adhesion through a homophilic interaction and its selective regulation by T cell maturation might imply the participation of EVA in the earliest phases of thymus organogenesis. The protein bears a characteristic V-type domain and two potential N-glycosylation sites in the extracellular domain; a putative serine phosphorylation site for casein kinase 2 is also present in the cytoplasmic tail. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KATNBL1 | katanin p80 subunit B-like 1| |
| TBK1 | TANK-binding kinase 1|The NF-kappa-B (NFKB) complex of proteins is inhibited by I-kappa-B (IKB) proteins, which inactivate NFKB by trapping it in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of serine residues on the IKB proteins by IKB kinases marks them for destruction via the ubiquitination pathway, thereby allowing activation and nuclear translocation of the NFKB complex. The protein encoded by this gene is similar to IKB kinases and can mediate NFKB activation in response to certain growth factors. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| TM9SF4 | transmembrane 9 superfamily protein member 4| |
| AURKAIP1 | aurora kinase A interacting protein 1| |
| ZNF212 | zinc finger protein 212|This gene belongs to the C2H2-type zinc finger gene family. The zinc finger proteins are involved in gene regulation and development, and are quite conserved throughout evolution. Like this gene product, a third of the zinc finger proteins containing C2H2 fingers also contain the KRAB domain, which has been found to be involved in protein-protein interactions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AFMID | arylformamidase| |
| NFKBIB | nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, beta|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the NF-kappa-B inhibitor family, which inhibit NF-kappa-B by complexing with, and trapping it in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of serine residues on these proteins by kinases marks them for destruction via the ubiquitination pathway, thereby allowing activation of the NF-kappa-B, which translocates to the nucleus to function as a transcription factor. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| B3GALNT1 | beta-1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 (globoside blood group)|This gene is a member of the beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase (beta3GalT) gene family. This family encodes type II membrane-bound glycoproteins with diverse enzymatic functions using different donor substrates (UDP-galactose and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine) and different acceptor sugars (N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine). The beta3GalT genes are distantly related to the Drosophila Brainiac gene and have the protein coding sequence contained in a single exon. The beta3GalT proteins also contain conserved sequences not found in the beta4GalT or alpha3GalT proteins. The carbohydrate chains synthesized by these enzymes are designated as type 1, whereas beta4GalT enzymes synthesize type 2 carbohydrate chains. The ratio of type 1:type 2 chains changes during embryogenesis. By sequence similarity, the beta3GalT genes fall into at least two groups: beta3GalT4 and 4 other beta3GalT genes (beta3GalT1-3, beta3GalT5). The encoded protein of this gene does not use N-acetylglucosamine as an acceptor sugar at all. Multiple transcript variants that are alternatively spliced in the 5' UTR have been described; they all encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZWINT | ZW10 interacting kinetochore protein|This gene encodes a protein that is clearly involved in kinetochore function although an exact role is not known. It interacts with ZW10, another kinetochore protein, possibly regulating the association between ZW10 and kinetochores. The encoded protein localizes to prophase kinetochores before ZW10 does and it remains detectable on the kinetochore until late anaphase. It has a uniform distribution in the cytoplasm of interphase cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CITED2 | Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator, with Glu/Asp-rich carboxy-terminal domain, 2|The protein encoded by this gene inhibits transactivation of HIF1A-induced genes by competing with binding of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha to p300-CH1. Mutations in this gene are a cause of cardiac septal defects. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| CITED1 | Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator, with Glu/Asp-rich carboxy-terminal domain, 1|This gene encodes a member of the CREB-binding protein/p300-interacting transactivator with Asp/Glu-rich C-terminal domain (CITED) family of proteins. The encoded protein, also known as melanocyte-specific gene 1, may function as a transcriptional coactivator and may play a role in pigmentation of melanocytes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| TRAK1 | trafficking protein, kinesin binding 1| |
| CITED4 | Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator, with Glu/Asp-rich carboxy-terminal domain, 4|The protein encoded by this intronless gene belongs to the CITED family of transcriptional coactivators that bind to several proteins, including CREB-binding protein (CBP) and p300, via a conserved 32 aa C-terminal motif, and regulate gene transcription. This protein also interacts with transcription factor AP2 (TFAP2), and thus may function as a co-activator for TFAP2. Hypermethylation and transcriptional downregulation of this gene has been observed in oligodendroglial tumors with deletions of chromosomal arms 1p and 19q, and associated with longer recurrence-free and overall survival of patients with oligodendroglial tumors. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| PFDN1 | prefoldin subunit 1|This gene encodes a member of the prefoldin beta subunit family. The encoded protein is one of six subunits of prefoldin, a molecular chaperone complex that binds and stabilizes newly synthesized polypeptides, thereby allowing them to fold correctly. The complex, consisting of two alpha and four beta subunits, forms a double beta barrel assembly with six protruding coiled-coils. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PFDN2 | prefoldin subunit 2|This gene encodes a member of the prefoldin beta subunit family. The encoded protein is one of six subunits of prefoldin, a molecular chaperone complex that binds and stabilizes newly synthesized polypeptides, thereby allowing them to fold correctly. The complex, consisting of two alpha and four beta subunits, forms a double beta barrel assembly with six protruding coiled-coils. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| POMP | proteasome maturation protein|The protein encoded by this gene is a molecular chaperone that binds 20S preproteasome components and is essential for 20S proteasome formation. The 20S proteasome is the proteolytically active component of the 26S proteasome complex. The encoded protein is degraded before the maturation of the 20S proteasome is complete. A variant in the 5' UTR of this gene has been associated with KLICK syndrome, a rare skin disorder.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| PCDHB15 | protocadherin beta 15|This gene is a member of the protocadherin beta gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. The gene clusters demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The beta cluster contains 16 genes and 3 pseudogenes, each encoding 6 extracellular cadherin domains and a cytoplasmic tail that deviates from others in the cadherin superfamily. The extracellular domains interact in a homophilic manner to specify differential cell-cell connections. Unlike the alpha and gamma clusters, the transcripts from these genes are made up of only one large exon, not sharing common 3' exons as expected. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins. Their specific functions are unknown but they most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell neural connections. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC16A8 | solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylate transporter), member 8|SLC16A8 is a member of a family of proton-coupled monocarboxylate transporters that mediate lactate transport across cell membranes (Yoon et al., 1999 [PubMed 10493836]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010] |
| MTHFR | methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H)|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a co-substrate for homocysteine remethylation to methionine. Genetic variation in this gene influences susceptibility to occlusive vascular disease, neural tube defects, colon cancer and acute leukemia, and mutations in this gene are associated with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| MTHFS | 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (5-formyltetrahydrofolate cyclo-ligase)|The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate to 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate, a precursor of reduced folates involved in 1-carbon metabolism. An increased activity of the encoded protein can result in an increased folate turnover rate and folate depletion. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| TOP1MT | topoisomerase (DNA) I, mitochondrial|This gene encodes a mitochondrial DNA topoisomerase that plays a role in the modification of DNA topology. The encoded protein is a type IB topoisomerase and catalyzes the transient breaking and rejoining of DNA to relieve tension and DNA supercoiling generated in the mitochondrial genome during replication and transcription. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| MAGEA11 | melanoma antigen family A11|This gene is a member of the MAGEA gene family. The members of this family encode proteins with 50 to 80% sequence identity to each other. The promoters and first exons of the MAGEA genes show considerable variability, suggesting that the existence of this gene family enables the same function to be expressed under different transcriptional controls. The MAGEA genes are clustered at chromosomal location Xq28. They have been implicated in some hereditary disorders, such as dyskeratosis congenita. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DTNB | dystrobrevin, beta|This gene encodes dystrobrevin beta, a component of the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DPC). The DPC consists of dystrophin and several integral and peripheral membrane proteins, including dystroglycans, sarcoglycans, syntrophins and dystrobrevin alpha and beta. The DPC localizes to the sarcolemma and its disruption is associated with various forms of muscular dystrophy. Dystrobrevin beta is thought to interact with syntrophin and the DP71 short form of dystrophin. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DTNA | dystrobrevin, alpha|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the dystrobrevin subfamily of the dystrophin family. This protein is a component of the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DPC), which consists of dystrophin and several integral and peripheral membrane proteins, including dystroglycans, sarcoglycans, syntrophins and alpha- and beta-dystrobrevin. The DPC localizes to the sarcolemma and its disruption is associated with various forms of muscular dystrophy. Mutations in this gene are associated with left ventricular noncompaction with congenital heart defects. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRB1 | proline-rich protein BstNI subfamily 1|This gene encodes a precursor for proline-rich salivary proteins. This and five other genes that encode salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs)form a PRP gene cluster in the chromosomal 12p13 region. Precursor salivary PRPs are cleaved multiple times to produce a diversity of secreted peptides. Alleles of this gene exhibit tandem repeat length variation in the coding region as well as polymorphic cleavage sites and polymorphic stop codons. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FBN3 | fibrillin 3|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the fibrillin gene family. Fibrillins are extracellular matrix molecules that assemble into microfibrils in many connective tissues. This gene is most highly expressed in fetal tissues and its protein product is localized to extracellular microfibrils of developing skeletal elements, skin, lung, kidney, and skeletal muscle. This gene is potentially involved in Weill-Marchesani syndrome. While several transcript variants may exist for this gene, their full-length natures have not been described to date. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC7A1 | solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 1| |
| PRB4 | proline-rich protein BstNI subfamily 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a proline-rich salivary protein. This gene and five other genes that also encode salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs), as well as a gene encoding a lacrimal gland PRP, form a PRP gene cluster in the chromosomal 12p13 region. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| CSNK1A1L | casein kinase 1, alpha 1-like| |
| HIRA | histone cell cycle regulator|This gene encodes a histone chaperone that preferentially places the variant histone H3.3 in nucleosomes. Orthologs of this gene in yeast, flies, and plants are necessary for the formation of transcriptionally silent heterochomatin. This gene plays an important role in the formation of the senescence-associated heterochromatin foci. These foci likely mediate the irreversible cell cycle changes that occur in senescent cells. It is considered the primary candidate gene in some haploinsufficiency syndromes such as DiGeorge syndrome, and insufficient production of the gene may disrupt normal embryonic development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RIN1 | Ras and Rab interactor 1| |
| RIN3 | Ras and Rab interactor 3|RIN3 is a member of the RIN family of Ras interaction-interference proteins, which are binding partners to the RAB5 small GTPases (see RAB5A; MIM 179512) (Kajiho et al., 2003 [PubMed 12972505]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| RIN2 | Ras and Rab interactor 2|The RAB5 protein is a small GTPase involved in membrane trafficking in the early endocytic pathway. The protein encoded by this gene binds the GTP-bound form of the RAB5 protein preferentially over the GDP-bound form, and functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for RAB5. The encoded protein is found primarily as a tetramer in the cytoplasm and does not bind other members of the RAB family. Mutations in this gene cause macrocephaly alopecia cutis laxa and scoliosis (MACS) syndrome, an elastic tissue disorder, as well as the related connective tissue disorder, RIN2 syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| GDA | guanine deaminase|This gene encodes an enzyme responsible for the hydrolytic deamination of guanine. Studies in rat ortholog suggest this gene plays a role in microtubule assembly. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| WWOX | WW domain containing oxidoreductase|This gene encodes a member of the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) protein family. This gene spans the FRA16D common chromosomal fragile site and appears to function as a tumor suppressor gene. Expression of the encoded protein is able to induce apoptosis, while defects in this gene are associated with multiple types of cancer. Disruption of this gene is also associated with autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 12. Disruption of a similar gene in mouse results in impaired steroidogenesis, additionally suggesting a metabolic function for the protein. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| TOMM20 | translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 homolog (yeast)| |
| RPS13 | ribosomal protein S13|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S15P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. The protein has been shown to bind to the 5.8S rRNA in rat. The gene product of the E. coli ortholog (ribosomal protein S15) functions at early steps in ribosome assembly. This gene is co-transcribed with two U14 small nucleolar RNA genes, which are located in its third and fifth introns. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPS12 | ribosomal protein S12|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S12E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. Increased expression of this gene in colorectal cancers compared to matched normal colonic mucosa has been observed. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPS11 | ribosomal protein S11|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a member of the S17P family of ribosomal proteins that is a component of the 40S subunit. This gene is co-transcribed with the small nucleolar RNA gene U35B, which is located in the third intron. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed throughout the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| RPS10 | ribosomal protein S10|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S10E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. Variable expression of this gene in colorectal cancers compared to adjacent normal tissues has been observed, although no correlation between the level of expression and the severity of the disease has been found. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. Naturally occurring read-through transcription occurs between this locus and the neighboring locus NUDT3 (nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 3).[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| RPS17 | ribosomal protein S17|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of four RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S17E family of ribosomal proteins and is located in the cytoplasm. Mutations in this gene cause Diamond-Blackfan anemia 4. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| LALBA | lactalbumin, alpha-|This gene encodes alpha-lactalbumin, a principal protein of milk. Alpha-lactalbumin forms the regulatory subunit of the lactose synthase (LS) heterodimer and beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4Gal-T1) forms the catalytic component. Together, these proteins enable LS to produce lactose by transfering galactose moieties to glucose. As a monomer, alpha-lactalbumin strongly binds calcium and zinc ions and may possess bactericidal or antitumor activity. A folding variant of alpha-lactalbumin, called HAMLET, likely induces apoptosis in tumor and immature cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPS15 | ribosomal protein S15|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S19P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. This gene has been found to be activated in various tumors, such as insulinomas, esophageal cancers, and colon cancers. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| RPS14 | ribosomal protein S14|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S11P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. Transcript variants utilizing alternative transcription initiation sites have been described in the literature. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. In Chinese hamster ovary cells, mutations in this gene can lead to resistance to emetine, a protein synthesis inhibitor. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CLPP | caseinolytic mitochondrial matrix peptidase proteolytic subunit|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the peptidase family S14 and hydrolyzes proteins into small peptides in the presence of ATP and magnesium. The protein is transported into mitochondrial matrix and is associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPS19 | ribosomal protein S19|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S19E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. Mutations in this gene cause Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), a constitutional erythroblastopenia characterized by absent or decreased erythroid precursors, in a subset of patients. This suggests a possible extra-ribosomal function for this gene in erythropoietic differentiation and proliferation, in addition to its ribosomal function. Higher expression levels of this gene in some primary colon carcinomas compared to matched normal colon tissues has been observed. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPS18 | ribosomal protein S18|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S13P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. The gene product of the E. coli ortholog (ribosomal protein S13) is involved in the binding of fMet-tRNA, and thus, in the initiation of translation. This gene is an ortholog of mouse Ke3. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C10orf12 | chromosome 10 open reading frame 12| |
| RHOXF1 | Rhox homeobox family, member 1|This gene is a member of the PEPP subfamily of paired-like homoebox genes. The gene may be regulated by androgens and epigenetic mechanisms. The encoded nuclear protein is likely a transcription factor that may play a role in human reproduction. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| CARD9 | caspase recruitment domain family, member 9|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CARD protein family, which is defined by the presence of a characteristic caspase-associated recruitment domain (CARD). CARD is a protein interaction domain known to participate in activation or suppression of CARD containing members of the caspase family, and thus plays an important regulatory role in cell apoptosis. This protein was identified by its selective association with the CARD domain of BCL10, a postive regulator of apoptosis and NF-kappaB activation, and is thought to function as a molecular scaffold for the assembly of a BCL10 signaling complex that activates NF-kappaB. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed, but their full-length nature is not clearly defined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RIPK1 | receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1| |
| LATS2 | large tumor suppressor kinase 2|This gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase belonging to the LATS tumor suppressor family. The protein localizes to centrosomes during interphase, and early and late metaphase. It interacts with the centrosomal proteins aurora-A and ajuba and is required for accumulation of gamma-tubulin and spindle formation at the onset of mitosis. It also interacts with a negative regulator of p53 and may function in a positive feedback loop with p53 that responds to cytoskeleton damage. Additionally, it can function as a co-repressor of androgen-responsive gene expression. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RIPK3 | receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3|The product of this gene is a member of the receptor-interacting protein (RIP) family of serine/threonine protein kinases, and contains a C-terminal domain unique from other RIP family members. The encoded protein is predominantly localized to the cytoplasm, and can undergo nucleocytoplasmic shuttling dependent on novel nuclear localization and export signals. It is a component of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-I signaling complex, and can induce apoptosis and weakly activate the NF-kappaB transcription factor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RIPK2 | receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2|This gene encodes a member of the receptor-interacting protein (RIP) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. The encoded protein contains a C-terminal caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD), and is a component of signaling complexes in both the innate and adaptive immune pathways. It is a potent activator of NF-kappaB and inducer of apoptosis in response to various stimuli. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RIPK4 | receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a serine/threonine protein kinase that interacts with protein kinase C-delta. The encoded protein can also activate NFkappaB and is required for keratinocyte differentiation. This kinase undergoes autophosphorylation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARID4A | AT rich interactive domain 4A (RBP1-like)|The protein encoded by this gene is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein. It binds directly, with several other proteins, to retinoblastoma protein (pRB) which regulates cell proliferation. pRB represses transcription by recruiting the encoded protein. This protein, in turn, serves as a bridging molecule to recruit HDACs and, in addition, provides a second HDAC-independent repression function. The encoded protein possesses transcriptional repression activity. Multiple alternatively spliced transcripts have been observed for this gene, although not all transcript variants have been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CLPB | ClpB homolog, mitochondrial AAA ATPase chaperonin|This gene belongs to the ATP-ases associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA+) superfamily. Members of this superfamily form ring-shaped homo-hexamers and have highly conserved ATPase domains that are involved in various processes including DNA replication, protein degradation and reactivation of misfolded proteins. All members of this family hydrolyze ATP through their AAA+ domains and use the energy generated through ATP hydrolysis to exert mechanical force on their substrates. In addition to an AAA+ domain, the protein encoded by this gene contains a C-terminal D2 domain, which is characteristic of the AAA+ subfamily of Caseinolytic peptidases to which this protein belongs. It cooperates with Hsp70 in the disaggregation of protein aggregates. Allelic variants of this gene are associated with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, which causes cataracts and neutropenia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| PUSL1 | pseudouridylate synthase-like 1| |
| ARID4B | AT rich interactive domain 4B (RBP1-like)|This gene encodes a protein with sequence similarity to retinoblastoma-binding protein-1. The encoded protein is a subunit of the histone deacetylase-dependant SIN3A transcriptional corepressor complex, which functions in diverse cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, oncogenesis, and cell fate determination. The gene product is recognized by IgG antibody isolated from a breast cancer patient and appears to be a molecular marker associated with a broad range of human malignancies. Alternate transcriptional splice variants encoding different isoforms have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SRCIN1 | SRC kinase signaling inhibitor 1| |
| IL17A | interleukin 17A|The protein encoded by this gene is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by activated T cells. This cytokine regulates the activities of NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinases. This cytokine can stimulate the expression of IL6 and cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2/COX-2), as well as enhance the production of nitric oxide (NO). High levels of this cytokine are associated with several chronic inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BOC | BOC cell adhesion associated, oncogene regulated|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunoglobulin/fibronectin type III repeat family. It is a component of a cell-surface receptor complex that mediates cell-cell interactions between muscle precursor cells, and promotes myogenic differentiation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| CRABP1 | cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1|This gene encodes a specific binding protein for a vitamin A family member and is thought to play an important role in retinoic acid-mediated differentiation and proliferation processes. It is structurally similar to the cellular retinol-binding proteins, but binds only retinoic acid at specific sites within the nucleus, which may contribute to vitamin A-directed differentiation in epithelial tissue. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CRABP2 | cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2|This gene encodes a member of the retinoic acid (RA, a form of vitamin A) binding protein family and lipocalin/cytosolic fatty-acid binding protein family. The protein is a cytosol-to-nuclear shuttling protein, which facilitates RA binding to its cognate receptor complex and transfer to the nucleus. It is involved in the retinoid signaling pathway, and is associated with increased circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| C2orf27B | chromosome 2 open reading frame 27B| |
| SLC9A3R2 | solute carrier family 9, subfamily A (NHE3, cation proton antiporter 3), member 3 regulator 2|This gene encodes a member of the NHERF family of PDZ scaffolding proteins. These proteins mediate many cellular processes by binding to and regulating the membrane expression and protein-protein interactions of membrane receptors and transport proteins. The encoded protein plays a role in intestinal sodium absorption by regulating the activity of the sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3, and may also regulate the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) ion channel. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| SLC9A3R1 | solute carrier family 9, subfamily A (NHE3, cation proton antiporter 3), member 3 regulator 1|This gene encodes a sodium/hydrogen exchanger regulatory cofactor. The protein interacts with and regulates various proteins including the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and G-protein coupled receptors such as the beta2-adrenergic receptor and the parathyroid hormone 1 receptor. The protein also interacts with proteins that function as linkers between integral membrane and cytoskeletal proteins. The protein localizes to actin-rich structures including membrane ruffles, microvilli, and filopodia. Mutations in this gene result in hypophosphatemic nephrolithiasis/osteoporosis type 2, and loss of heterozygosity of this gene is implicated in breast cancer.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| SVEP1 | sushi, von Willebrand factor type A, EGF and pentraxin domain containing 1| |
| PLCXD2 | phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, X domain containing 2| |
| PLCXD1 | phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, X domain containing 1|This gene is the most terminal protein-coding gene in the pseudoautosomal (PAR) region on chromosomes X and Y. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| ZNF419 | zinc finger protein 419| |
| ZNF418 | zinc finger protein 418| |
| ZNF417 | zinc finger protein 417| |
| ZNF415 | zinc finger protein 415| |
| ZNF414 | zinc finger protein 414| |
| ZNF410 | zinc finger protein 410| |
| RRAGD | Ras-related GTP binding D|RRAGD is a monomeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein, or G protein. By binding GTP or GDP, small G proteins act as molecular switches in numerous cell processes and signaling pathways.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| RRAGA | Ras-related GTP binding A| |
| RRAGC | Ras-related GTP binding C|This gene encodes a member of the GTR/RAG GTP-binding protein family. The encoded protein is a monomeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein which forms a heterodimer with RRAGA and RRAGB and is primarily localized to the cytoplasm. The encoded protein promotes intracellular localization of the mTOR complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| RRAGB | Ras-related GTP binding B|Ras-homologous GTPases constitute a large family of signal transducers that alternate between an activated, GTP-binding state and an inactivated, GDP-binding state. These proteins represent cellular switches that are operated by GTP-exchange factors and factors that stimulate their intrinsic GTPase activity. All GTPases of the Ras superfamily have in common the presence of six conserved motifs involved in GTP/GDP binding, three of which are phosphate-/magnesium-binding sites (PM1-PM3) and three of which are guanine nucleotide-binding sites (G1-G3). Transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAZ | MYC-associated zinc finger protein (purine-binding transcription factor)| |
| SSSCA1 | Sjogren syndrome/scleroderma autoantigen 1|This antigen is recognized by a subset of anti-centromere antibodies from patients with scleroderma and/or Sjogren's syndrome. Subcellular localization has not yet been established. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| POU4F1 | POU class 4 homeobox 1|This gene encodes a member of the POU-IV class of neural transcription factors. This protein is expressed in a subset of retinal ganglion cells and may be involved in the developing sensory nervous system. This protein may also promote the growth of cervical tumors. A translocation of this gene is associated with some adult acute myeloid leukemias. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| POU4F2 | POU class 4 homeobox 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the POU-domain transcription factor family and may be involved in maintaining visual system neurons in the retina. The level of the encoded protein is also elevated in a majority of breast cancers, resulting in accelerated tumor growth. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| GGT1 | gamma-glutamyltransferase 1|The enzyme encoded by this gene is a type I gamma-glutamyltransferase that catalyzes the transfer of the glutamyl moiety of glutathione to a variety of amino acids and dipeptide acceptors. The enzyme is composed of a heavy chain and a light chain, which are derived from a single precursor protein. It is expressed in tissues involved in absorption and secretion and may contribute to the etiology of diabetes and other metabolic disorders. Multiple alternatively spliced variants have been identified. There are a number of related genes present on chromosomes 20 and 22, and putative pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes 2, 13, and 22. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| MCOLN1 | mucolipin 1|This gene encodes a memberof the transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel gene family. The transmembrane protein localizes to intracellular vesicular membranes including lysosomes, and functions in the late endocytic pathway and in the regulation of lysosomal exocytosis. The channel is permeable to Ca(2+), Fe(2+), Na(+), K(+), and H(+), and is modulated by changes in Ca(2+) concentration. Mutations in this gene result in mucolipidosis type IV. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| GGT7 | gamma-glutamyltransferase 7|This gene is a member of a gene family that encodes enzymes involved in both the metabolism of glutathione and in the transpeptidation of amino acids. Changes in the activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase may signal preneoplastic or toxic conditions in the liver or kidney. The protein encoded by this gene consists of a heavy and a light chain, and it can interact with CT120, a plasma membrane-associated protein that is possibly involved in lung carcinogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MCOLN3 | mucolipin 3|This gene encodes one of members of the mucolipin cation channel proteins. Mutation studies of the highly similar protein in mice have shown that the protein is found in cochlea hair cells, and mutant mice show early-onset hearing loss and balance problems. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| FBF1 | Fas (TNFRSF6) binding factor 1| |
| RASA4 | RAS p21 protein activator 4|This gene encodes a member of the GAP1 family of GTPase-activating proteins that suppresses the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in response to Ca(2+). Stimuli that increase intracellular Ca(2+) levels result in the translocation of this protein to the plasma membrane, where it activates Ras GTPase activity. Consequently, Ras is converted from the active GTP-bound state to the inactive GDP-bound state and no longer activates downstream pathways that regulate gene expression, cell growth, and differentiation. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LBX2 | ladybird homeobox 2| |
| RASA1 | RAS p21 protein activator (GTPase activating protein) 1|The protein encoded by this gene is located in the cytoplasm and is part of the GAP1 family of GTPase-activating proteins. The gene product stimulates the GTPase activity of normal RAS p21 but not its oncogenic counterpart. Acting as a suppressor of RAS function, the protein enhances the weak intrinsic GTPase activity of RAS proteins resulting in the inactive GDP-bound form of RAS, thereby allowing control of cellular proliferation and differentiation. Mutations leading to changes in the binding sites of either protein are associated with basal cell carcinomas. Mutations also have been associated with hereditary capillary malformations (CM) with or without arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and Parkes Weber syndrome. Alternative splicing results in two isoforms where the shorter isoform, lacking the N-terminal hydrophobic region but retaining the same activity, appears to be abundantly expressed in placental but not adult tissues. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| RASA2 | RAS p21 protein activator 2|The protein encoded by this gene is member of the GAP1 family of GTPase-activating proteins. The gene product stimulates the GTPase activity of normal RAS p21 but not its oncogenic counterpart. Acting as a suppressor of RAS function, the protein enhances the weak intrinsic GTPase activity of RAS proteins resulting in the inactive GDP-bound form of RAS, thereby allowing control of cellular proliferation and differentiation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| RASA3 | RAS p21 protein activator 3|The protein encoded by this gene is member of the GAP1 family of GTPase-activating proteins. The gene product stimulates the GTPase activity of normal RAS p21 but not its oncogenic counterpart. Acting as a suppressor of RAS function, the protein enhances the weak intrinsic GTPase activity of RAS proteins resulting in the inactive GDP-bound form of RAS, thereby allowing control of cellular proliferation and differentiation. This family member is an inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate-binding protein, like the closely related RAS p21 protein activator 2. The two family members have distinct pleckstrin-homology domains, with this particular member having a domain consistent with its localization to the plasma membrane. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACTN3 | actinin, alpha 3 (gene/pseudogene)|This gene encodes a member of the alpha-actin binding protein gene family. The encoded protein is primarily expressed in skeletal muscle and functions as a structural component of sarcomeric Z line. This protein is involved in crosslinking actin containing thin filaments. An allelic polymorphism in this gene results in both coding and non-coding variants; the reference genome represents the coding allele. The non-functional allele of this gene is associated with elite athlete status. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| CCDC144NL | coiled-coil domain containing 144 family, N-terminal like| |
| ACTN1 | actinin, alpha 1|Alpha actinins belong to the spectrin gene superfamily which represents a diverse group of cytoskeletal proteins, including the alpha and beta spectrins and dystrophins. Alpha actinin is an actin-binding protein with multiple roles in different cell types. In nonmuscle cells, the cytoskeletal isoform is found along microfilament bundles and adherens-type junctions, where it is involved in binding actin to the membrane. In contrast, skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle isoforms are localized to the Z-disc and analogous dense bodies, where they help anchor the myofibrillar actin filaments. This gene encodes a nonmuscle, cytoskeletal, alpha actinin isoform and maps to the same site as the structurally similar erythroid beta spectrin gene. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PTPRT | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, T|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP possesses an extracellular region, a single transmembrane region, and two tandem intracellular catalytic domains, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. The extracellular region contains a meprin-A5 antigen-PTP (MAM) domain, Ig-like and fibronectin type III-like repeats. The protein domain structure and the expression pattern of the mouse counterpart of this PTP suggest its roles in both signal transduction and cellular adhesion in the central nervous system. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene, which encode distinct proteins, have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NGFRAP1 | nerve growth factor receptor (TNFRSF16) associated protein 1| |
| PTPRR | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, R|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP possesses an extracellular region, a single transmembrane region, and a single intracellular catalytic domain, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. Silencing of this gene has been associated with colorectal cancer. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. This gene shares a symbol (PTPRQ) with another gene, protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, Q (GeneID 374462), which is also located on chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| GTPBP2 | GTP binding protein 2|GTP-binding proteins, or G proteins, constitute a superfamily capable of binding GTP or GDP. G proteins are activated by binding GTP and are inactivated by hydrolyzing GTP to GDP. This general mechanism enables G proteins to perform a wide range of biologic activities.[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2003] |
| ACTN4 | actinin, alpha 4|Alpha actinins belong to the spectrin gene superfamily which represents a diverse group of cytoskeletal proteins, including the alpha and beta spectrins and dystrophins. Alpha actinin is an actin-binding protein with multiple roles in different cell types. In nonmuscle cells, the cytoskeletal isoform is found along microfilament bundles and adherens-type junctions, where it is involved in binding actin to the membrane. In contrast, skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle isoforms are localized to the Z-disc and analogous dense bodies, where they help anchor the myofibrillar actin filaments. This gene encodes a nonmuscle, alpha actinin isoform which is concentrated in the cytoplasm, and thought to be involved in metastatic processes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TINF2 | TERF1 (TRF1)-interacting nuclear factor 2|This gene encodes one of the proteins of the shelterin, or telosome, complex which protects telomeres by allowing the cell to distinguish between telomeres and regions of DNA damage. The protein encoded by this gene is a critical part of shelterin; it interacts with the three DNA-binding proteins of the shelterin complex, and it is important for assembly of the complex. Mutations in this gene cause dyskeratosis congenita (DKC), an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| PRAMEF8 | PRAME family member 8| |
| EZR | ezrin|The cytoplasmic peripheral membrane protein encoded by this gene functions as a protein-tyrosine kinase substrate in microvilli. As a member of the ERM protein family, this protein serves as an intermediate between the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. This protein plays a key role in cell surface structure adhesion, migration and organization, and it has been implicated in various human cancers. A pseudogene located on chromosome 3 has been identified for this gene. Alternatively spliced variants have also been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PTPRG | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, G|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP possesses an extracellular region, a single transmembrane region, and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. The extracellular region of this PTP contains a carbonic anhydrase-like (CAH) domain, which is also found in the extracellular region of PTPRBETA/ZETA. This gene is located in a chromosomal region that is frequently deleted in renal cell carcinoma and lung carcinoma, thus is thought to be a candidate tumor suppressor gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PTPRF | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, F|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP possesses an extracellular region, a single transmembrane region, and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. The extracellular region contains three Ig-like domains, and nine non-Ig like domains similar to that of neural-cell adhesion molecule. This PTP was shown to function in the regulation of epithelial cell-cell contacts at adherents junctions, as well as in the control of beta-catenin signaling. An increased expression level of this protein was found in the insulin-responsive tissue of obese, insulin-resistant individuals, and may contribute to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene, which encode distinct proteins, have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PTPRE | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, E|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been reported, one of which encodes a receptor-type PTP that possesses a short extracellular domain, a single transmembrane region, and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains; Another one encodes a PTP that contains a distinct hydrophilic N-terminus, and thus represents a nonreceptor-type isoform of this PTP. Studies of the similar gene in mice suggested the regulatory roles of this PTP in RAS related signal transduction pathways, cytokines induced SATA signaling, as well as the activation of voltage-gated K+ channels. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PTPRD | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, D|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains an extracellular region, a single transmembrane segment and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. The extracellular region of this protein is composed of three Ig-like and eight fibronectin type III-like domains. Studies of the similar genes in chicken and fly suggest the role of this PTP is in promoting neurite growth, and regulating neurons axon guidance. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been reported. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 5. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| PTPRC | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitosis, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains an extracellular domain, a single transmembrane segment and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains, and thus is classified as a receptor type PTP. This PTP has been shown to be an essential regulator of T- and B-cell antigen receptor signaling. It functions through either direct interaction with components of the antigen receptor complexes, or by activating various Src family kinases required for the antigen receptor signaling. This PTP also suppresses JAK kinases, and thus functions as a regulator of cytokine receptor signaling. Alternatively spliced transcripts variants of this gene, which encode distinct isoforms, have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| PTPRB | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, B|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains an extracellular domain, a single transmembrane segment and one intracytoplasmic catalytic domain, thus belongs to receptor type PTP. The extracellular region of this PTP is composed of multiple fibronectin type_III repeats, which was shown to interact with neuronal receptor and cell adhesion molecules, such as contactin and tenascin C. This protein was also found to interact with sodium channels, and thus may regulate sodium channels by altering tyrosine phosphorylation status. The functions of the interaction partners of this protein implicate the roles of this PTP in cell adhesion, neurite growth, and neuronal differentiation. Alternate transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| PTPRA | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, A|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains an extracellular domain, a single transmembrane segment and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. This PTP has been shown to dephosphorylate and activate Src family tyrosine kinases, and is implicated in the regulation of integrin signaling, cell adhesion and proliferation. Three alternatively spliced variants of this gene, which encode two distinct isoforms, have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HAUS7 | HAUS augmin-like complex, subunit 7|This gene encodes a subunit of the augmin complex, which regulates centrosome and mitotic spindle integrity, and is necessary for the completion of cytokinesis. The encoded protein was identified by interaction with ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 37. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012] |
| PTPRO | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, O|This gene encodes a member of the R3 subtype family of receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases. These proteins are localized to the apical surface of polarized cells and may have tissue-specific functions through activation of Src family kinases. This gene contains two distinct promoters, and alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed. The encoded proteins may have multiple isoform-specific and tissue-specific functions, including the regulation of osteoclast production and activity, inhibition of cell proliferation and facilitation of apoptosis. This gene is a candidate tumor suppressor, and decreased expression of this gene has been observed in several types of cancer. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| PTPRN | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, N|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP possesses an extracellular region, a single transmembrane region, and a single catalytic domain, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. This PTP was found to be an autoantigen that is reactive with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patient sera, and thus may be a potential target of autoimmunity in diabetes mellitus. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| PTPRM | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, M|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP possesses an extracellular region, a single transmembrane region, and two tandem catalytic domains, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. The extracellular region contains a meprin-A5 antigen-PTP mu (MAM) domain, an Ig-like domain and four fibronectin type III-like repeats. This PTP has been shown to mediate cell-cell aggregation through the interaction with another molecule of this PTP on an adjacent cell. This PTP can interact with scaffolding protein RACK1/GNB2L1, which may be necessary for the downstream signaling in response to cell-cell adhesion. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcripts encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DTWD2 | DTW domain containing 2| |
| PTPRJ | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, J|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP possesses an extracellular region containing five fibronectin type III repeats, a single transmembrane region, and a single intracytoplasmic catalytic domain, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. This protein is present in all hematopoietic lineages, and was shown to negatively regulate T cell receptor signaling possibly through interfering with the phosphorylation of Phospholipase C Gamma 1 and Linker for Activation of T Cells. This protein can also dephosphorylate the PDGF beta receptor, and may be involved in UV-induced signal transduction. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DTWD1 | DTW domain containing 1| |
| IFT27 | intraflagellar transport 27|This gene encodes a GTP-binding protein that is a core component of the intraflagellar transport complex B. Characterization of the similar Chlamydomonas protein indicates a function in cell cycle control. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| IFT20 | intraflagellar transport 20|This gene encodes a intraflagellar transport protein important for intracellular transport. The encoded protein forms part of a complex involved in trafficking of proteins from the Golgi body, including recycling of immune signalling components (Finetti et al., PubMed: 19855387). This gene is part of a complex set of sense-antisense loci that may be co-regulated. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 14.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| CPM | carboxypeptidase M|The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane-bound arginine/lysine carboxypeptidase. Its expression is associated with monocyte to macrophage differentiation. This encoded protein contains hydrophobic regions at the amino and carboxy termini and has 6 potential asparagine-linked glycosylation sites. The active site residues of carboxypeptidases A and B are conserved in this protein. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CPD | carboxypeptidase D|The metallocarboxypeptidase family of enzymes is divided into 2 subfamilies based on sequence similarities. The pancreatic carboxypeptidase-like and the regulatory B-type carboxypeptidase subfamilies. Carboxypeptidase D has been identified as a regulatory B-type carboxypeptidase. CPD is a homolog of duck gp180, a hepatitis B virus-binding protein. Transcript variants utilizing alternative polyadenylation signals exist for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CPE | carboxypeptidase E|This gene encodes a carboxypeptidase that cleaves C-terminal amino acid residues and is involved in the biosynthesis of peptide hormones and neurotransmitters, including insulin. It is a peripheral membrane protein. The protein specifically binds regulated secretory pathway proteins, including prohormones, but not constitutively secreted proteins. Mutations in this gene are implicated in type II diabetes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SAA2 | serum amyloid A2| |
| CPQ | carboxypeptidase Q|This gene encodes a metallopeptidase that belongs to the peptidase M28 family. The encoded protein may catalyze the cleavage of dipeptides with unsubstituted terminals into amino acids. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| GAPVD1 | GTPase activating protein and VPS9 domains 1| |
| CASS4 | Cas scaffolding protein family member 4| |
| CMC1 | C-x(9)-C motif containing 1| |
| N6AMT1 | N-6 adenine-specific DNA methyltransferase 1 (putative)|This gene encodes an N(6)-adenine-specific DNA methyltransferase. The encoded enzyme may be involved in the methylation of release factor I during translation termination. This enzyme is also involved in converting the arsenic metabolite monomethylarsonous acid to the less toxic dimethylarsonic acid. Alternative splicing pf this gene results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 11. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| N6AMT2 | N-6 adenine-specific DNA methyltransferase 2 (putative)| |
| RTN4R | reticulon 4 receptor|This gene encodes the receptor for reticulon 4, oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein and myelin-associated glycoprotein. This receptor mediates axonal growth inhibition and may play a role in regulating axonal regeneration and plasticity in the adult central nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DMPK | dystrophia myotonica-protein kinase|The protein encoded by this gene is a serine-threonine kinase that is closely related to other kinases that interact with members of the Rho family of small GTPases. Substrates for this enzyme include myogenin, the beta-subunit of the L-type calcium channels, and phospholemman. The 3' untranslated region of this gene contains 5-37 copies of a CTG trinucleotide repeat. Expansion of this unstable motif to 50-5,000 copies causes myotonic dystrophy type I, which increases in severity with increasing repeat element copy number. Repeat expansion is associated with condensation of local chromatin structure that disrupts the expression of genes in this region. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BANK1 | B-cell scaffold protein with ankyrin repeats 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a B-cell-specific scaffold protein that functions in B-cell receptor-induced calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. This protein can also promote Lyn-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| DOC2A | double C2-like domains, alpha|There are at least two protein isoforms of the Double C2 protein, namely alpha (DOC2A) and beta (DOC2B), which contain two C2-like domains. DOC2A and DOC2B are encoded by different genes; these genes are at times confused with the unrelated DAB2 gene which was initially named DOC-2. DOC2A is mainly expressed in brain and is suggested to be involved in Ca(2+)-dependent neurotransmitter release. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| TAF1C | TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, RNA polymerase I, C, 110kDa|Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase I requires the formation of a complex composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and three TBP-associated factors (TAFs) specific for RNA polymerase I. This complex, known as SL1, binds to the core promoter of ribosomal RNA genes to position the polymerase properly and acts as a channel for regulatory signals. This gene encodes the largest SL1-specific TAF. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| DOC2B | double C2-like domains, beta|There are at least two protein isoforms of the Double C2 protein, namely alpha (DOC2A) and beta (DOC2B), which contain two C2-like domains. DOC2A and DOC2B are encoded by different genes; these genes are at times confused with the unrelated DAB2 gene which was initially named DOC-2. DOC2B is expressed ubiquitously and is suggested to be involved in Ca(2+)-dependent intracellular vesicle trafficking in various types of cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TFE3 | transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3|This gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix domain-containing transcription factor that binds MUE3-type E-box sequences in the promoter of genes. The encoded protein promotes the expression of genes downstream of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling. This gene may be involved in chromosomal translocations in renal cell carcinomas and other cancers, resulting in the production of fusion proteins. Translocation partners include PRCC (papillary renal cell carcinoma), NONO (non-POU domain containing, octamer-binding), and ASPSCR1 (alveolar soft part sarcoma chromosome region, candidate 1), among other genes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| RNASEH1 | ribonuclease H1|This gene encodes an endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA-DNA hybrids and is necessary for DNA replication and repair. This enzyme is present in both mitochondria and nuclei, which are resulted from translation of a single mRNA with two in-frame initiation start codons. The use of the first start codon produces the mitochondrial isoform and the use of the second start codon produces the nuclear isoform. The production of the mitochondrial isoform is modulated by an upstream open reading frame (uORF) which overlaps the first initiation start codon in human. An alternately spliced transcript variant has been found which encodes a shorter isoform. This gene has three pseudogenes; two of them are at different locations of chromosome 17 and one of them is on chromosome 1q32.2. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| DMP1 | dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1|Dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein is an extracellular matrix protein and a member of the small integrin binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein family. This protein, which is critical for proper mineralization of bone and dentin, is present in diverse cells of bone and tooth tissues. The protein contains a large number of acidic domains, multiple phosphorylation sites, a functional arg-gly-asp cell attachment sequence, and a DNA binding domain. In undifferentiated osteoblasts it is primarily a nuclear protein that regulates the expression of osteoblast-specific genes. During osteoblast maturation the protein becomes phosphorylated and is exported to the extracellular matrix, where it orchestrates mineralized matrix formation. Mutations in the gene are known to cause autosomal recessive hypophosphatemia, a disease that manifests as rickets and osteomalacia. The gene structure is conserved in mammals. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| F2 | coagulation factor II (thrombin)|Coagulation factor II is proteolytically cleaved to form thrombin in the first step of the coagulation cascade which ultimately results in the stemming of blood loss. F2 also plays a role in maintaining vascular integrity during development and postnatal life. Finally, peptides derived from the C-terminus of this protein have antimicrobial activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Mutations in F2 leads to various forms of thrombosis and dysprothrombinemia. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| ERGIC3 | ERGIC and golgi 3| |
| DLX4 | distal-less homeobox 4|Many vertebrate homeo box-containing genes have been identified on the basis of their sequence similarity with Drosophila developmental genes. Members of the Dlx gene family contain a homeobox that is related to that of Distal-less (Dll), a gene expressed in the head and limbs of the developing fruit fly. The Distal-less (Dlx) family of genes comprises at least 6 different members, DLX1-DLX6. The DLX proteins are postulated to play a role in forebrain and craniofacial development. Three transcript variants have been described for this gene, however, the full length nature of one variant has not been described. Studies of the two splice variants revealed that one encoded isoform functions as a repressor of the beta-globin gene while the other isoform lacks that function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MEPCE | methylphosphate capping enzyme| |
| ABLIM1 | actin binding LIM protein 1|This gene encodes a cytoskeletal LIM protein that binds to actin filaments via a domain that is homologous to erythrocyte dematin. LIM domains, found in over 60 proteins, play key roles in the regulation of developmental pathways. LIM domains also function as protein-binding interfaces, mediating specific protein-protein interactions. The protein encoded by this gene could mediate such interactions between actin filaments and cytoplasmic targets. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAMSTR | MEF2 activating motif and SAP domain containing transcriptional regulator| |
| ABLIM3 | actin binding LIM protein family, member 3|The LIM domain is a double zinc finger structure that promotes protein-protein interactions. LIM domain proteins, such as ABLIM3, play roles in embryonic development, cell lineage determination, and cancer (Krupp et al., 2006 [PubMed 16328021]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ABLIM2 | actin binding LIM protein family, member 2| |
| UBXN6 | UBX domain protein 6| |
| FAM172A | family with sequence similarity 172, member A| |
| UBXN7 | UBX domain protein 7| |
| LMTK3 | lemur tyrosine kinase 3| |
| TRIOBP | TRIO and F-actin binding protein|This gene encodes a protein with an N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain and a C-terminal coiled-coil region. The protein interacts with trio, which is involved with neural tissue development and controlling actin cytoskeleton organization, cell motility and cell growth. The protein also associates with F-actin and stabilizes F-actin structures. Mutations in this gene have been associated with a form of autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that would encode different isoforms have been found for this gene, however some transcripts may be subject to nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| TAF1D | TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, RNA polymerase I, D, 41kDa|TAF1D is a member of the SL1 complex, which includes TBP (MIM 600075) and TAF1A (MIM 604903), TAF1B (MIM 604904), and TAF1C (MIM 604905), and plays a role in RNA polymerase I transcription (Wang et al., 2004 [PubMed 15520167]; Gorski et al., 2007 [PubMed 17318177]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009] |
| UBXN1 | UBX domain protein 1| |
| DLX3 | distal-less homeobox 3|Many vertebrate homeo box-containing genes have been identified on the basis of their sequence similarity with Drosophila developmental genes. Members of the Dlx gene family contain a homeobox that is related to that of Distal-less (Dll), a gene expressed in the head and limbs of the developing fruit fly. The Distal-less (Dlx) family of genes comprises at least 6 different members, DLX1-DLX6. Trichodentoosseous syndrome (TDO), an autosomal dominant condition, has been correlated with DLX3 gene mutation. This gene is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the gene family on the long arm of chromosome 17. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the autosomal dominant conditions trichodentoosseous syndrome and amelogenesis imperfecta with taurodontism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HHIP | hedgehog interacting protein|This gene encodes a member of the hedgehog-interacting protein (HHIP) family. The hedgehog (HH) proteins are evolutionarily conserved protein, which are important morphogens for a wide range of developmental processes, including anteroposterior patterns of limbs and regulation of left-right asymmetry in embryonic development. Multiple cell-surface receptors are responsible for transducing and/or regulating HH signals. The HHIP encoded by this gene is a highly conserved, vertebrate-specific inhibitor of HH signaling. It interacts with all three HH family members, SHH, IHH and DHH. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near this gene are significantly associated with risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A single nucleotide polymorphism in this gene is also strongly associated with human height.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| HMGN5 | high mobility group nucleosome binding domain 5|This gene encodes a nuclear protein with similarities to the high mobility group proteins, HMG14 and HMG17, which suggests that this protein may function as a nucleosomal binding and transcriptional activating protein. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| HMGN4 | high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 4|The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the HMGN protein family, is thought to reduce the compactness of the chromatin fiber in nucleosomes, thereby enhancing transcription from chromatin templates. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| HMGN3 | high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 3|Thyroid hormone receptors are hormone-dependent transcription factors that regulate expression of a variety of specific target genes. The protein encoded by this gene binds thyroid hormone receptor beta, but only in the presence of thyroid hormone. The encoded protein, a member of the HMGN protein family, is thought to reduce the compactness of the chromatin fiber in nucleosomes, thereby enhancing transcription from chromatin templates. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| HMGN2 | high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 2|The protein encoded by this gene binds nucleosomal DNA and is associated with transcriptionally active chromatin. Along with a similar protein, HMGN1, the encoded protein may help maintain an open chromatin configuration around transcribable genes. The protein has also been found to have antimicrobial activity against bacteria, viruses and fungi. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| HMGN1 | high mobility group nucleosome binding domain 1|The protein encoded by this gene binds nucleosomal DNA and is associated with transcriptionally active chromatin. Along with a similar protein, HMG17, the encoded protein may help maintain an open chromatin configuration around transcribable genes. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| TRH | thyrotropin-releasing hormone|This gene encodes a member of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone family. Cleavage of the encoded proprotein releases mature thyrotropin-releasing hormone, which is a tripeptide hypothalamic regulatory hormone. The human proprotein contains six thyrotropin-releasing hormone tripeptides. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is involved in the regulation and release of thyroid-stimulating hormone, as well as prolactin. Deficiency of this hormone has been associated with hypothalamic hypothyroidism. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| ATP6V1E1 | ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 31kDa, V1 subunit E1|This gene encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of eukaryotic intracellular organelles. V-ATPase dependent organelle acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. V-ATPase is composed of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. The V1 domain consists of three A, three B, and two G subunits, as well as a C, D, E, F, and H subunit. The V1 domain contains the ATP catalytic site. This gene encodes alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different V1 domain E subunit isoforms. Pseudogenes for this gene have been found in the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIR2DL1 | killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, two domains, long cytoplasmic tail, 1|Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MX2 | MX dynamin-like GTPase 2|The protein encoded by this gene has a nuclear and a cytoplasmic form and is a member of both the dynamin family and the family of large GTPases. The nuclear form is localized in a granular pattern in the heterochromatin region beneath the nuclear envelope. A nuclear localization signal (NLS) is present at the amino terminal end of the nuclear form but is lacking in the cytoplasmic form due to use of an alternate translation start codon. This protein is upregulated by interferon-alpha but does not contain the antiviral activity of a similar myxovirus resistance protein 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAB6A | RAB6A, member RAS oncogene family|This gene encodes a member of the RAB family, which belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. GTPases of the RAB family bind to various effectors to regulate the targeting and fusion of transport carriers to acceptor compartments. This protein is located at the Golgi apparatus, which regulates trafficking in both a retrograde (from early endosomes and Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum) and an anterograde (from the Golgi to the plasma membrane) directions. Myosin II is an effector of this protein in these processes. This protein is also involved in assembly of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) by interacting with the cellular protein Bicaudal D1, which interacts with the HCMV virion tegument protein, pp150. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| RAB6B | RAB6B, member RAS oncogene family| |
| RAB6C | RAB6C, member RAS oncogene family| |
| RC3H1 | ring finger and CCCH-type domains 1|This gene encodes a protein containing RING-type and C3H1-type zinc finger motifs. The encoded protein recognizes and binds to a constitutive decay element (CDE) in the 3' UTR of mRNAs, leading to mRNA deadenylation and degradation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| NACA | nascent polypeptide-associated complex alpha subunit|The protein encoded by this gene associates with basic transcription factor 3 (BTF3) to form the nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC). NAC binds to nascent proteins as they emerge from the ribosome, blocking interaction with the signal recognition particle (SRP) and preventing mistranslocation to the endoplasmic reticulum. However, nascent proteins with an exposed signal peptide will not be bound by the encoded protein, enabling them to bind the SRP and enter the secretory pathway. This protein has been determined to be an IgE autoantigen in atopic dermatitis patients. Several transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| CHL1 | |
| CRIPT | cysteine-rich PDZ-binding protein|This gene encodes a protein that binds to the PDZ3 peptide recognition domain. The encoded protein may modulates protein interactions with the cytoskeleton. A mutation in this gene resulted in short stature with microcephaly and distinctive facies. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| IFIT5 | interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 5| |
| TAF1L | TAF1 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 210kDa-like|This locus is intronless, and apparently arose in the primate lineage from retrotransposition of the transcript from the multi-exon TAF1 locus on the X chromosome. The gene is expressed in male germ cells, and the product has been shown to function interchangeably with the TAF1 product. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| IFIT3 | interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3| |
| IFIT2 | interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2| |
| IFIT1 | interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1|This gene encodes a protein containing tetratricopeptide repeats that was originally identified as induced upon treatment with interferon. The encoded protein may inhibit viral replication and translational initiation. This gene is located in a cluster on chromosome 10 with five other closely related genes. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 13. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| PHF14 | PHD finger protein 14| |
| SDAD1 | SDA1 domain containing 1| |
| EFTUD2 | elongation factor Tu GTP binding domain containing 2|This gene encodes a GTPase which is a component of the spliceosome complex which processes precursor mRNAs to produce mature mRNAs. Mutations in this gene are associated with mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| EFTUD1 | elongation factor Tu GTP binding domain containing 1| |
| ISG15 | ISG15 ubiquitin-like modifier|The protein encoded by this gene is a ubiquitin-like protein that is conjugated to intracellular target proteins upon activation by interferon-alpha and interferon-beta. Several functions have been ascribed to the encoded protein, including chemotactic activity towards neutrophils, direction of ligated target proteins to intermediate filaments, cell-to-cell signaling, and antiviral activity during viral infections. While conjugates of this protein have been found to be noncovalently attached to intermediate filaments, this protein is sometimes secreted. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| CDKN1A | cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21, Cip1)|This gene encodes a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. The encoded protein binds to and inhibits the activity of cyclin-CDK2 or -CDK4 complexes, and thus functions as a regulator of cell cycle progression at G1. The expression of this gene is tightly controlled by the tumor suppressor protein p53, through which this protein mediates the p53-dependent cell cycle G1 phase arrest in response to a variety of stress stimuli. This protein can interact with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a DNA polymerase accessory factor, and plays a regulatory role in S phase DNA replication and DNA damage repair. This protein was reported to be specifically cleaved by CASP3-like caspases, which thus leads to a dramatic activation of CDK2, and may be instrumental in the execution of apoptosis following caspase activation. Multiple alternatively spliced variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| MAP1LC3A | microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha|MAP1A and MAP1B are microtubule-associated proteins which mediate the physical interactions between microtubules and components of the cytoskeleton. MAP1A and MAP1B each consist of a heavy chain subunit and multiple light chain subunits. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the light chain subunits and can associate with either MAP1A or MAP1B. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. The expression of variant 1 is suppressed in many tumor cell lines, suggesting that may be involved in carcinogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| MAP1LC3C | microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 gamma|Autophagy is a highly regulated bulk degradation process that plays an important role in cellular maintenance and development. MAP1LC3C is an ortholog of the yeast autophagosome protein Atg8 (He et al., 2003 [PubMed 12740394]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| MAP1LC3B | microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta|The product of this gene is a subunit of neuronal microtubule-associated MAP1A and MAP1B proteins, which are involved in microtubule assembly and important for neurogenesis. Studies on the rat homolog implicate a role for this gene in autophagy, a process that involves the bulk degradation of cytoplasmic component. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DAOA | D-amino acid oxidase activator|This gene encodes a protein that may function as an activator of D-amino acid oxidase, which degrades the gliotransmitter D-serine, a potent activator of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) type glutamate receptors. Studies also suggest that one encoded isoform may play a role in mitochondrial function and dendritic arborization. Polymorphisms in this gene have been implicated in susceptibility to schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| GGTLC1 | gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain 1|This gene encodes a member of the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) family, which are important in the metabolism of glutathione. The most ubiquitously expressed human GGT gene, GGT1, encodes a single transmembrane polypeptide that is post-translationally processed to form a heavy and a light chain. In contrast, the product of this gene only contains homology to the light chain region, and lacks a transmembrane domain. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| ERVV-1 | endogenous retrovirus group V, member 1| |
| ZFP28 | ZFP28 zinc finger protein| |
| CACNA1I | calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1I subunit|This gene encodes the pore-forming alpha subunit of a voltage gated calcium channel. The encoded protein is a member of a subfamily of calcium channels referred to as is a low voltage-activated, T-type, calcium channel. The channel encoded by this protein is characterized by a slower activation and inactivation compared to other T-type calcium channels. This protein may be involved in calcium signaling in neurons. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| BRCC3 | BRCA1/BRCA2-containing complex, subunit 3|This gene encodes a subunit of the BRCA1-BRCA2-containing complex (BRCC), which is an E3 ubiquitin ligase. This complex plays a role in the DNA damage response, where it is responsible for the stable accumulation of BRCA1 at DNA break sites. The component encoded by this gene can specifically cleave Lys 63-linked polyubiquitin chains, and it regulates the abundance of these polyubiquitin chains in chromatin. The loss of this gene results in abnormal angiogenesis and is associated with syndromic moyamoya, a cerebrovascular angiopathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 5. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| NSL1 | NSL1, MIS12 kinetochore complex component|This gene encodes a protein with two coiled-coil domains that localizes to kinetochores, which are chromosome-associated structures that attach to microtubules and mediate chromosome movements during cell division. The encoded protein is part of a conserved protein complex that includes two chromodomain-containing proteins and a component of the outer plate of the kinetochore. This protein complex is proposed to bridge centromeric heterochromatin with the outer kinetochore structure. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. There is a pseudogene of the 3' UTR region of this gene on chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| ZNF346 | zinc finger protein 346|The protein encoded by this gene is a nucleolar, zinc finger protein that preferentially binds to double-stranded (ds) RNA or RNA/DNA hybrids, rather than DNA alone. Mutational studies indicate that the zinc finger domains are not only essential for dsRNA binding, but are also required for its nucleolar localization. The encoded protein may be involved in cell growth and survival. It plays a role in protecting neurons by inhibiting cell cycle re-entry via stimulation of p21 gene expression. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| ATAD3A | ATPase family, AAA domain containing 3A|ATAD3A and ATAD3B (MIM 612317) are mitochondrial membrane proteins that contribute to the stabilization of large mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-protein complexes called nucleoids (He et al., 2007 [PubMed 17210950]).[supplied by OMIM, Sep 2008] |
| GDI1 | GDP dissociation inhibitor 1|GDP dissociation inhibitors are proteins that regulate the GDP-GTP exchange reaction of members of the rab family, small GTP-binding proteins of the ras superfamily, that are involved in vesicular trafficking of molecules between cellular organelles. GDIs slow the rate of dissociation of GDP from rab proteins and release GDP from membrane-bound rabs. GDI1 is expressed primarily in neural and sensory tissues. Mutations in GDI1 have been linked to X-linked nonspecific mental retardation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARL5A | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 5A|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ARF family of GTP-binding proteins. With its distinctive nuclear/nucleolar localization and interaction with HP1alpha, the protein is developmentally regulated and may play a role(s) in nuclear dynamics and/or signaling cascades during embryonic development. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. This gene has multiple pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CBY1 | chibby homolog 1 (Drosophila)|Beta-catenin is a transcriptional activator and oncoprotein involved in the development of several cancers. The protein encoded by this gene interacts directly with the C-terminal region of beta-catenin, inhibiting oncogenic beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activation by competing with transcription factors for binding to beta-catenin. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARL5B | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 5B|ARL5B (ARL8) belongs to a family of proteins that are structurally similar to ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs; see MIM 103180). ARLs and ARFs are part of the RAS superfamily of regulatory GTPases.[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| PDLIM1 | PDZ and LIM domain 1|This gene encodes a member of the enigma protein family. The protein contains two protein interacting domains, a PDZ domain at the amino terminal end and one to three LIM domains at the carboxyl terminal. It is a cytoplasmic protein associated with the cytoskeleton. The protein may function as an adapter to bring other LIM-interacting proteins to the cytoskeleton. Pseudogenes associated with this gene are located on chromosomes 3, 14 and 17. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| ERLIN1 | ER lipid raft associated 1| |
| ERLIN2 | ER lipid raft associated 2|This gene encodes a member of the SPFH domain-containing family of lipid raft-associated proteins. The encoded protein is localized to lipid rafts of the endoplasmic reticulum and plays a critical role in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) signaling by mediating ER-associated degradation of activated IP3 receptors. Mutations in this gene are a cause of spastic paraplegia-18 (SPG18). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| SPDL1 | spindle apparatus coiled-coil protein 1| |
| CALM1 | calmodulin 1 (phosphorylase kinase, delta)|This gene encodes a member of the EF-hand calcium-binding protein family. It is one of three genes which encode an identical calcium binding protein which is one of the four subunits of phosphorylase kinase. Two pseudogenes have been identified on chromosome 7 and X. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| SBSN | suprabasin| |
| APITD1 | apoptosis-inducing, TAF9-like domain 1|This gene was identified in the neuroblastoma tumor suppressor candidate region on chromosome 1p36. It contains a TFIID-31 domain, similar to that found in TATA box-binding protein-associated factor, TAF(II)31, which is required for p53-mediated transcription activation. This gene was expressed at very low levels in neuroblastoma tumors, and was shown to reduce cell growth in neuroblastoma cells, suggesting that it may have a role in a cell death pathway. The protein is a component of multiple complexes, including the Fanconi anemia (FA) core complex, the APITD1/CENPS complex, and the CENPA-CAD (nucleosome distal) complex. Known functions include an involvement with chromatin associations of the FA core complex, and a role in the stable assembly of the outer kinetochore. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Naturally occurring read-through transcripts also exist between this gene and the downstream cortistatin (CORT) gene, as represented in GeneID:100526739. An APITD1-related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 7. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| KRT17 | keratin 17, type I|This gene encodes the type I intermediate filament chain keratin 17, expressed in nail bed, hair follicle, sebaceous glands, and other epidermal appendages. Mutations in this gene lead to Jackson-Lawler type pachyonychia congenita and steatocystoma multiplex. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| KRT16 | keratin 16, type I|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. The keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into cytokeratins and hair keratins. Most of the type I cytokeratins consist of acidic proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains and are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q12-q21. This keratin has been coexpressed with keratin 14 in a number of epithelial tissues, including esophagus, tongue, and hair follicles. Mutations in this gene are associated with type 1 pachyonychia congenita, non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma and unilateral palmoplantar verrucous nevus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WDR37 | WD repeat domain 37|This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRT14 | keratin 14, type I|This gene encodes a member of the keratin family, the most diverse group of intermediate filaments. This gene product, a type I keratin, is usually found as a heterotetramer with two keratin 5 molecules, a type II keratin. Together they form the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells. Mutations in the genes for these keratins are associated with epidermolysis bullosa simplex. At least one pseudogene has been identified at 17p12-p11. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRT13 | keratin 13, type I|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. The keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into cytokeratins and hair keratins. Most of the type I cytokeratins consist of acidic proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains. This type I cytokeratin is paired with keratin 4 and expressed in the suprabasal layers of non-cornified stratified epithelia. Mutations in this gene and keratin 4 have been associated with the autosomal dominant disorder White Sponge Nevus. The type I cytokeratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q21.2. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants; however, not all variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRT12 | keratin 12, type I|KRT12 encodes the type I intermediate filament chain keratin 12, expressed in corneal epithelia. Mutations in this gene lead to Meesmann corneal dystrophy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WDR33 | WD repeat domain 33|This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. This gene is highly expressed in testis and the protein is localized to the nucleus. This gene may play important roles in the mechanisms of cytodifferentiation and/or DNA recombination. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRT10 | keratin 10, type I|This gene encodes a member of the type I (acidic) cytokeratin family, which belongs to the superfamily of intermediate filament (IF) proteins. Keratins are heteropolymeric structural proteins which form the intermediate filament. These filaments, along with actin microfilaments and microtubules, compose the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. This gene is located within a cluster of keratin family members on chromosome 17q21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GABRE | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, epsilon|The product of this gene belongs to the ligand-gated ionic channel (TC 1.A.9) family. It encodes the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor which is a multisubunit chloride channel that mediates the fastest inhibitory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. This gene encodes an epsilon subunit. It is mapped to chromosome Xq28 in a cluster comprised of genes encoding alpha 3, beta 4 and theta subunits of the same receptor. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified, but only one is thought to encode a protein. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| GABRD | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, delta|Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain where it acts at GABA-A receptors, which are ligand-gated chloride channels. Chloride conductance of these channels can be modulated by agents such as benzodiazepines that bind to the GABA-A receptor. The GABA-A receptor is generally pentameric and there are five types of subunits: alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and rho. This gene encodes the delta subunit. Mutations in this gene have been associated with susceptibility to generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures, type 5. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CRIP1 | cysteine-rich protein 1 (intestinal)|Cysteine-rich intestinal protein (CRIP) belongs to the LIM/double zinc finger protein family, members of which include cysteine- and glycine-rich protein-1 (CSRP1; MIM 123876), rhombotin-1 (RBTN1; MIM 186921), rhombotin-2 (RBTN2; MIM 180385), and rhombotin-3 (RBTN3; MIM 180386). CRIP may be involved in intestinal zinc transport (Hempe and Cousins, 1991 [PubMed 1946385]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| KRT19 | keratin 19, type I|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin family. The keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into cytokeratins and hair keratins. The type I cytokeratins consist of acidic proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains. Unlike its related family members, this smallest known acidic cytokeratin is not paired with a basic cytokeratin in epithelial cells. It is specifically expressed in the periderm, the transiently superficial layer that envelopes the developing epidermis. The type I cytokeratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q12-q21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CRIP2 | cysteine-rich protein 2|This gene encodes a putative transcription factor with two LIM zinc-binding domains. The encoded protein may participate in the differentiation of smooth muscle tissue. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| ABHD17A | abhydrolase domain containing 17A| |
| ABHD17B | abhydrolase domain containing 17B| |
| ABHD17C | abhydrolase domain containing 17C| |
| FGF9 | fibroblast growth factor 9|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. This protein was isolated as a secreted factor that exhibits a growth-stimulating effect on cultured glial cells. In nervous system, this protein is produced mainly by neurons and may be important for glial cell development. Expression of the mouse homolog of this gene was found to be dependent on Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling. Mice lacking the homolog gene displayed a male-to-female sex reversal phenotype, which suggested a role in testicular embryogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GIGYF2 | GRB10 interacting GYF protein 2|This gene contains CAG trinucleotide repeats and encodes a protein containing several stretches of polyglutamine residues. The encoded protein may be involved in the regulation of tyrosine kinase receptor signaling. This gene is located in a chromosomal region that was genetically linked to Parkinson disease type 11, and mutations in this gene were thought to be causative for this disease. However, more recent studies in different populations have been unable to replicate this association. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| NBPF8 | neuroblastoma breakpoint family, member 8|This gene is a member of the neuroblastoma breakpoint family (NBPF) which consists of dozens of recently duplicated genes primarily located in segmental duplications on human chromosome 1. This gene family has experienced its greatest expansion within the human lineage and has expanded, to a lesser extent, among primates in general. Members of this gene family are characterized by tandemly repeated copies of DUF1220 protein domains. Gene copy number variations in the human chromosomal region 1q21.1, where most DUF1220 domains are located, have been implicated in a number of developmental and neurogenetic diseases such as microcephaly, macrocephaly, autism, schizophrenia, mental retardation, congenital heart disease, neuroblastoma, and congenital kidney and urinary tract anomalies. Altered expression of some gene family members is associated with several types of cancer. This gene family contains numerous pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2013] |
| TLE3 | transducin-like enhancer of split 3|This gene encodes a transcriptional co-repressor protein that belongs to the transducin-like enhancer family of proteins. The members of this family function in the Notch signaling pathway that regulates determination of cell fate during development. Expression of this gene has been associated with a favorable outcome to chemotherapy with taxanes for ovarian carcinoma. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Additional alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but their full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| TLE2 | transducin-like enhancer of split 2| |
| TLE1 | transducin-like enhancer of split 1 (E(sp1) homolog, Drosophila)| |
| MIA2 | melanoma inhibitory activity 2| |
| NBPF3 | neuroblastoma breakpoint family, member 3|This gene is a member of the neuroblastoma breakpoint family (NBPF) which consists of dozens of recently duplicated genes primarily located in segmental duplications on human chromosome 1. This gene family has experienced its greatest expansion within the human lineage and has expanded, to a lesser extent, among primates in general. Members of this gene family are characterized by tandemly repeated copies of DUF1220 protein domains. DUF1220 copy number variations in human chromosomal region 1q21.1, where most DUF1220 domains are located, have been implicated in a number of developmental and neurogenetic diseases such as microcephaly, macrocephaly, autism, schizophrenia, mental retardation, congenital heart disease, neuroblastoma, and congenital kidney and urinary tract anomalies. Altered expression of some gene family members is associated with several types of cancer. This gene family contains numerous pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013] |
| NAPEPLD | N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D|NAPEPLD is a phospholipase D type enzyme that catalyzes the release of N-acylethanolamine (NAE) from N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) in the second step of the biosynthesis of N-acylethanolamine (Okamoto et al., 2004 [PubMed 14634025]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2008] |
| FAM206A | family with sequence similarity 206, member A| |
| TLE4 | transducin-like enhancer of split 4| |
| SPTA1 | spectrin, alpha, erythrocytic 1|Spectrin is an actin crosslinking and molecular scaffold protein that links the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton, and functions in the determination of cell shape, arrangement of transmembrane proteins, and organization of organelles. It is a tetramer made up of alpha-beta dimers linked in a head-to-head arrangement. This gene is one member of a family of alpha-spectrin genes. The encoded protein is primarily composed of 22 spectrin repeats which are involved in dimer formation. It forms weaker tetramer interactions than non-erythrocytic alpha spectrin, which may increase the plasma membrane elasticity and deformability of red blood cells. Mutations in this gene result in a variety of hereditary red blood cell disorders, including elliptocytosis type 2, pyropoikilocytosis, and spherocytic hemolytic anemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC26A8 | solute carrier family 26 (anion exchanger), member 8|This gene encodes a member of the SLC26 gene family of anion transporters. Family members are well conserved in gene structure and protein length yet have markedly different tissue expression patterns. The expression of this gene appears to be restricted to spermatocytes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| AUNIP | aurora kinase A and ninein interacting protein| |
| HGSNAT | heparan-alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase|This gene encodes a lysosomal acetyltransferase, which is one of several enzymes involved in the lysosomal degradation of heparin sulfate. Mutations in this gene are associated with Sanfilippo syndrome C, one type of the lysosomal storage disease mucopolysaccaridosis III, which results from impaired degradation of heparan sulfate. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| FGF6 | fibroblast growth factor 6|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. This gene displayed oncogenic transforming activity when transfected into mammalian cells. The mouse homolog of this gene exhibits a restricted expression profile predominantly in the myogenic lineage, which suggested a role in muscle regeneration or differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WFDC2 | WAP four-disulfide core domain 2|This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the WFDC domain family. The WFDC domain, or WAP Signature motif, contains eight cysteines forming four disulfide bonds at the core of the protein, and functions as a protease inhibitor in many family members. This gene is expressed in pulmonary epithelial cells, and was also found to be expressed in some ovarian cancers. The encoded protein is a small secretory protein, which may be involved in sperm maturation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLP1 | proteolipid protein 1|This gene encodes a transmembrane proteolipid protein that is the predominant component of myelin. The encoded protein may play a role in the compaction, stabilization, and maintenance of myelin sheaths, as well as in oligodendrocyte development and axonal survival. Mutations in this gene cause Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease and spastic paraplegia type 2. Alternatively splicing results in multiple transcript variants, including the DM20 splice variant. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| PLP2 | proteolipid protein 2 (colonic epithelium-enriched)|This gene encodes an integral membrane protein that localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum in colonic epithelial cells. The encoded protein can multimerize and may function as an ion channel. A polymorphism in the promoter of this gene may be linked to an increased risk of X-linked mental retardation. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 5. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| CACNA1G | calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1G subunit|Voltage-sensitive calcium channels mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells, and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division, and cell death. This gene encodes a T-type, low-voltage activated calcium channel. The T-type channels generate currents that are both transient, owing to fast inactivation, and tiny, owing to small conductance. T-type channels are thought to be involved in pacemaker activity, low-threshold calcium spikes, neuronal oscillations and resonance, and rebound burst firing. Many alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| ZFP69B | ZFP69 zinc finger protein B| |
| CDC6 | cell division cycle 6|The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc6, a protein essential for the initiation of DNA replication. This protein functions as a regulator at the early steps of DNA replication. It localizes in cell nucleus during cell cyle G1, but translocates to the cytoplasm at the start of S phase. The subcellular translocation of this protein during cell cyle is regulated through its phosphorylation by Cdks. Transcription of this protein was reported to be regulated in response to mitogenic signals through transcriptional control mechanism involving E2F proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TNFSF13B | tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 13b|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This cytokine is a ligand for receptors TNFRSF13B/TACI, TNFRSF17/BCMA, and TNFRSF13C/BAFFR. This cytokine is expressed in B cell lineage cells, and acts as a potent B cell activator. It has been also shown to play an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of B cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| PKLR | pyruvate kinase, liver and RBC|The protein encoded by this gene is a pyruvate kinase that catalyzes the transphosphorylation of phohsphoenolpyruvate into pyruvate and ATP, which is the rate-limiting step of glycolysis. Defects in this enzyme, due to gene mutations or genetic variations, are the common cause of chronic hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia (CNSHA or HNSHA). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C2CD2L | C2CD2-like| |
| CRYZL1 | crystallin, zeta (quinone reductase)-like 1|This gene encodes a protein that has sequence similarity to zeta crystallin, also known as quinone oxidoreductase. This zeta crystallin-like protein also contains an NAD(P)H binding site. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed but their full-length nature has not been completely determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TFPT | TCF3 (E2A) fusion partner (in childhood Leukemia)| |
| KCNC3 | potassium channel, voltage gated Shaw related subfamily C, member 3|The Shaker gene family of Drosophila encodes components of voltage-gated potassium channels and is comprised of four subfamilies. Based on sequence similarity, this gene is similar to one of these subfamilies, namely the Shaw subfamily. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the delayed rectifier class of channel proteins and is an integral membrane protein that mediates the voltage-dependent potassium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Alternate splicing results in several transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| PCDHB13 | protocadherin beta 13|This gene is a member of the protocadherin beta gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. The gene clusters demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The beta cluster contains 16 genes and 3 pseudogenes, each encoding 6 extracellular cadherin domains and a cytoplasmic tail that deviates from others in the cadherin superfamily. The extracellular domains interact in a homophilic manner to specify differential cell-cell connections. Unlike the alpha and gamma clusters, the transcripts from these genes are made up of only one large exon, not sharing common 3' exons as expected. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins. Their specific functions are unknown but they most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell neural connections. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHB12 | protocadherin beta 12|This gene is a member of the protocadherin beta gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. The gene clusters demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The beta cluster contains 16 genes and 3 pseudogenes, each encoding 6 extracellular cadherin domains and a cytoplasmic tail that deviates from others in the cadherin superfamily. The extracellular domains interact in a homophilic manner to specify differential cell-cell connections. Unlike the alpha and gamma clusters, the transcripts from these genes are made up of only one large exon, not sharing common 3' exons as expected. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins. Their specific functions are unknown but they most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell neural connections. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHB11 | protocadherin beta 11|This gene is a member of the protocadherin beta gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. The gene clusters demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The beta cluster contains 16 genes and 3 pseudogenes, each encoding 6 extracellular cadherin domains and a cytoplasmic tail that deviates from others in the cadherin superfamily. The extracellular domains interact in a homophilic manner to specify differential cell-cell connections. Unlike the alpha and gamma clusters, the transcripts from these genes are made up of only one large exon, not sharing common 3' exons as expected. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins. Their specific functions are unknown but they most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell neural connections. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHB10 | protocadherin beta 10|This gene is a member of the protocadherin beta gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. The gene clusters demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The beta cluster contains 16 genes and 3 pseudogenes, each encoding 6 extracellular cadherin domains and a cytoplasmic tail that deviates from others in the cadherin superfamily. The extracellular domains interact in a homophilic manner to specify differential cell-cell connections. Unlike the alpha and gamma clusters, the transcripts from these genes are made up of only one large exon, not sharing common 3' exons as expected. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins. Their specific functions are unknown but they most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell neural connections. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TM9SF1 | transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1| |
| PCDHB16 | protocadherin beta 16|This gene is a member of the protocadherin beta gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. The gene clusters demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The beta cluster contains 16 genes and 3 pseudogenes, each encoding 6 extracellular cadherin domains and a cytoplasmic tail that deviates from others in the cadherin superfamily. The extracellular domains interact in a homophilic manner to specify differential cell-cell connections. Unlike the alpha and gamma clusters, the transcripts from these genes are made up of only one large exon, not sharing common 3' exons as expected. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins. Their specific functions are unknown but they most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell neural connections. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TM9SF3 | transmembrane 9 superfamily member 3| |
| PCDHB14 | protocadherin beta 14|This gene is a member of the protocadherin beta gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. The gene clusters demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The beta cluster contains 16 genes and 3 pseudogenes, each encoding 6 extracellular cadherin domains and a cytoplasmic tail that deviates from others in the cadherin superfamily. The extracellular domains interact in a homophilic manner to specify differential cell-cell connections. Unlike the alpha and gamma clusters, the transcripts from these genes are made up of only one large exon, not sharing common 3' exons as expected. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins. Their specific functions are unknown but they most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell neural connections. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PBK | PDZ binding kinase|This gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase related to the dual specific mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) family. Evidence suggests that mitotic phosphorylation is required for its catalytic activity. The encoded protein may be involved in the activation of lymphoid cells and support testicular functions, with a suggested role in the process of spermatogenesis. Overexpression of this gene has been implicated in tumorigenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| TM9SF2 | transmembrane 9 superfamily member 2|This gene encodes a member of the transmembrane 9 superfamily. The encoded 76 kDa protein localizes to early endosomes in human cells. The encoded protein possesses a conserved and highly hydrophobic C-terminal domain which contains nine transmembrane domains. The protein may play a role in small molecule transport or act as an ion channel. A pseudogene associated with this gene is located on the X chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| NAT9 | N-acetyltransferase 9 (GCN5-related, putative)| |
| NAT8 | N-acetyltransferase 8 (GCN5-related, putative)|This gene, isolated using the differential display method to detect tissue-specific genes, is specifically expressed in kidney and liver. The encoded protein shows amino acid sequence similarity to N-acetyltransferases. A similar protein in Xenopus affects cell adhesion and gastrulation movements, and may be localized in the secretory pathway. A highly similar paralog is found in a cluster with this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| SPATS2L | spermatogenesis associated, serine-rich 2-like| |
| SRPX2 | sushi-repeat containing protein, X-linked 2|This gene encodes a secreted protein that contains three sushi repeat motifs. The encoded protein may play a role in the development of speech and language centers in the brain. This protein may also be involved in angiogenesis. Mutations in this gene are the cause of bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria, rolandic epilepsy, speech dyspraxia and mental retardation. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| IGFL2 | IGF-like family member 2|IGFL2 belongs to the insulin-like growth factor (IGF; see MIM 147440) family of signaling molecules that play critical roles in cellular energy metabolism and in growth and development, especially prenatal growth (Emtage et al., 2006 [PubMed 16890402]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| NAT2 | N-acetyltransferase 2 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase)|This gene encodes an enzyme that functions to both activate and deactivate arylamine and hydrazine drugs and carcinogens. Polymorphisms in this gene are responsible for the N-acetylation polymorphism in which human populations segregate into rapid, intermediate, and slow acetylator phenotypes. Polymorphisms in this gene are also associated with higher incidences of cancer and drug toxicity. A second arylamine N-acetyltransferase gene (NAT1) is located near this gene (NAT2). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NAT1 | N-acetyltransferase 1 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase)|This gene is one of two arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) genes in the human genome, and is orthologous to the mouse and rat Nat2 genes. The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to various arylamine and hydrazine substrates. This enzyme helps metabolize drugs and other xenobiotics, and functions in folate catabolism. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| NAT6 | N-acetyltransferase 6 (GCN5-related)|This gene encodes a member of the N-acetyltransferase family. N-acetyltransferases modify proteins by transferring acetyl groups from acetyl CoA to the N-termini of protein substrates. The encoded protein is a cytoplasmic N-acetyltransferase with a substrate specificity for proteins with an N-terminal methionine. This gene is located in the tumor suppressor gene region on chromosome 3p21.3 and the encoded protein may play a role in cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed. This gene overlaps and is on the same strand as hyaluronoglucosaminidase 3, and some transcripts of each gene share a portion of the first exon. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| DNTTIP2 | deoxynucleotidyltransferase, terminal, interacting protein 2|This gene is thought to be involved in chromatin remodeling and gene transcription. The encoded nuclear protein binds to and enhances the transcriptional activity of the estrogen receptor alpha, and also interacts with terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. The expression profile of this gene is a potential biomarker for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| MBNL1 | muscleblind-like splicing regulator 1| |
| GOSR2 | golgi SNAP receptor complex member 2|This gene encodes a trafficking membrane protein which transports proteins among the medial- and trans-Golgi compartments. Due to its chromosomal location and trafficking function, this gene may be involved in familial essential hypertension. Three transcript variants encoding three different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TNFAIP8 | tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 8| |
| FAIM2 | Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule 2| |
| FAIM3 | Fc fragment of IgM receptor|Fc receptors specifically bind to the Fc region of immunoglobulins (Igs) to mediate the unique functions of each Ig class. FAIM3 encodes an Fc receptor for IgM (see MIM 147020) (Kubagawa et al., 2009 [PubMed 19858324]; Shima et al., 2010 [PubMed 20042454]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2010] |
| RABAC1 | Rab acceptor 1 (prenylated)| |
| IGFL1 | IGF-like family member 1|IGFL1 belongs to the insulin-like growth factor (IGF; see MIM 147440) family of signaling molecules that play critical roles in cellular energy metabolism and in growth and development, especially prenatal growth (Emtage et al., 2006 [PubMed 16890402]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| IL1F10 | interleukin 1 family, member 10 (theta)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. This cytokine is thought to participate in a network of interleukin 1 family members to regulate adapted and innate immune responses. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NR4A1 | nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1|This gene encodes a member of the steroid-thyroid hormone-retinoid receptor superfamily. Expression is induced by phytohemagglutinin in human lymphocytes and by serum stimulation of arrested fibroblasts. The encoded protein acts as a nuclear transcription factor. Translocation of the protein from the nucleus to mitochondria induces apoptosis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| AGPAT6 | 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 6|Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (EC 2.3.1.51) catalyze the conversion of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to phosphatidic acid (PA). LPA and PA are involved in signal transduction and lipid biosynthesis.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| DEFA1 | defensin, alpha 1|Defensins are a family of antimicrobial and cytotoxic peptides thought to be involved in host defense. They are abundant in the granules of neutrophils and also found in the epithelia of mucosal surfaces such as those of the intestine, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and vagina. Members of the defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence and distinguished by a conserved cysteine motif. The protein encoded by this gene, defensin, alpha 1, is found in the microbicidal granules of neutrophils and likely plays a role in phagocyte-mediated host defense. Several alpha defensin genes are clustered on chromosome 8. This gene differs from defensin, alpha 3 by only one amino acid. This gene and the gene encoding defensin, alpha 3 are both subject to copy number variation. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| FOXD3 | forkhead box D3|This gene belongs to the forkhead family of transcription factors which is characterized by a distinct forkhead domain. Mutations in this gene cause autoimmune susceptibility 1. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| SDC1 | syndecan 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane (type I) heparan sulfate proteoglycan and is a member of the syndecan proteoglycan family. The syndecans mediate cell binding, cell signaling, and cytoskeletal organization and syndecan receptors are required for internalization of the HIV-1 tat protein. The syndecan-1 protein functions as an integral membrane protein and participates in cell proliferation, cell migration and cell-matrix interactions via its receptor for extracellular matrix proteins. Altered syndecan-1 expression has been detected in several different tumor types. While several transcript variants may exist for this gene, the full-length natures of only two have been described to date. These two represent the major variants of this gene and encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| A1BG | alpha-1-B glycoprotein|The protein encoded by this gene is a plasma glycoprotein of unknown function. The protein shows sequence similarity to the variable regions of some immunoglobulin supergene family member proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCBL1 | cysteine conjugate-beta lyase, cytoplasmic|This gene encodes a cytosolic enzyme that is responsible for the metabolism of cysteine conjugates of certain halogenated alkenes and alkanes. This metabolism can form reactive metabolites leading to nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Increased levels of this enzyme have been linked to schizophrenia. Multiple transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PTPRS | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, S|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains an extracellular region, a single transmembrane segment and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. The extracellular region of this protein is composed of multiple Ig-like and fibronectin type III-like domains. Studies of the similar gene in mice suggested that this PTP may be involved in cell-cell interaction, primary axonogenesis, and axon guidance during embryogenesis. This PTP has been also implicated in the molecular control of adult nerve repair. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants, which encode distinct proteins, have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCBL2 | cysteine conjugate-beta lyase 2|This gene encodes an aminotransferase that transaminates kynurenine to form kynurenic acid. Kynurenic acid is a metabolite of tryptophan. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different proteins have been described for this gene. This gene shares 5' exon structure with the RNA binding motif protein, X-linked-like 1 locus on chromosome 1, but the coding sequences are non-overlapping. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| KCNC4 | potassium channel, voltage gated Shaw related subfamily C, member 4|The Shaker gene family of Drosophila encodes components of voltage-gated potassium channels and is comprised of four subfamilies. Based on sequence similarity, this gene is similar to the Shaw subfamily. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the delayed rectifier class of channel proteins and is an integral membrane protein that mediates the voltage-dependent potassium ion permeability of excitable membranes. It generates atypical voltage-dependent transient current that may be important for neuronal excitability. Multiple transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| VAV2 | vav 2 guanine nucleotide exchange factor|VAV2 is the second member of the VAV guanine nucleotide exchange factor family of oncogenes. Unlike VAV1, which is expressed exclusively in hematopoietic cells, VAV2 transcripts were found in most tissues. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| COX5A | cytochrome c oxidase subunit Va|Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is a multi-subunit enzyme complex that couples the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen and contributes to a proton electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The complex consists of 13 mitochondrial- and nuclear-encoded subunits. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits perform the electron transfer of proton pumping activities. The functions of the nuclear-encoded subunits are unknown but they may play a role in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This gene encodes the nuclear-encoded subunit Va of the human mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme. A pseudogene COX5AP1 has been found in chromosome 14q22. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM259 | transmembrane protein 259| |
| TMEM258 | transmembrane protein 258| |
| TMEM256 | transmembrane protein 256| |
| TMEM254 | transmembrane protein 254| |
| NAGLU | N-acetylglucosaminidase, alpha|This gene encodes an enzyme that degrades heparan sulfate by hydrolysis of terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminides. Defects in this gene are the cause of mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB (MPS-IIIB), also known as Sanfilippo syndrome B. This disease is characterized by the lysosomal accumulation and urinary excretion of heparan sulfate. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM252 | transmembrane protein 252| |
| KIAA2022 | KIAA2022|An inversion on the X chromosome which disrupts this gene and a G-protein coupled purinergic receptor gene located in the pseudoautosomal region of the X chromosome has been linked to X linked mental retardation.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| KIAA2026 | KIAA2026| |
| NGFR | nerve growth factor receptor|Nerve growth factor receptor contains an extracellular domain containing four 40-amino acid repeats with 6 cysteine residues at conserved positions followed by a serine/threonine-rich region, a single transmembrane domain, and a 155-amino acid cytoplasmic domain. The cysteine-rich region contains the nerve growth factor binding domain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CFHR3 | complement factor H-related 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted protein, which belongs to the complement factor H-related protein family. It binds to heparin, and may be involved in complement regulation. Mutations in this gene are associated with decreased risk of age-related macular degeneration, and with an increased risk of atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| CPSF7 | cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 7, 59kDa| |
| CPSF6 | cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 6, 68kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is one subunit of a cleavage factor required for 3' RNA cleavage and polyadenylation processing. The interaction of the protein with the RNA is one of the earliest steps in the assembly of the 3' end processing complex and facilitates the recruitment of other processing factors. The cleavage factor complex is composed of four polypeptides. This gene encodes the 68kD subunit. It has a domain organization reminiscent of spliceosomal proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GRIA2 | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 2|Glutamate receptors are the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain and are activated in a variety of normal neurophysiologic processes. This gene product belongs to a family of glutamate receptors that are sensitive to alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA), and function as ligand-activated cation channels. These channels are assembled from 4 related subunits, GRIA1-4. The subunit encoded by this gene (GRIA2) is subject to RNA editing (CAG->CGG; Q->R) within the second transmembrane domain, which is thought to render the channel impermeable to Ca(2+). Human and animal studies suggest that pre-mRNA editing is essential for brain function, and defective GRIA2 RNA editing at the Q/R site may be relevant to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) etiology. Alternative splicing, resulting in transcript variants encoding different isoforms, (including the flip and flop isoforms that vary in their signal transduction properties), has been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CPSF4 | cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 4, 30kDa|Inhibition of the nuclear export of poly(A)-containing mRNAs caused by the influenza A virus NS1 protein requires its effector domain. The NS1 effector domain functionally interacts with the cellular 30 kDa subunit of cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 4, an essential component of the 3' end processing machinery of cellular pre-mRNAs. In influenza virus-infected cells, the NS1 protein is physically associated with cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 4, 30kD subunit. Binding of the NS1 protein to the 30 kDa protein in vitro prevents CPSF binding to the RNA substrate and inhibits 3' end cleavage and polyadenylation of host pre-mRNAs. Thus the NS1 protein selectively inhibits the nuclear export of cellular, and not viral, mRNAs. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CPSF3 | cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 3, 73kDa|This gene encodes a member of the metallo-beta-lactamase family. The encoded protein is a 73kDa subunit of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor and functions as an endonuclease that recognizes the pre-mRNA 3'-cleavage site AAUAAA prior to polyadenylation. It also cleaves after the pre-mRNA sequence ACCCA during histone 3'-end pre-mRNA processing. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| CPSF2 | cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 2, 100kDa| |
| CPSF1 | cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 1, 160kDa|Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) is a multisubunit complex that plays a central role in 3-prime processing of pre-mRNAs. CPSF recognizes the AAUAAA signal in the pre-mRNA and interacts with other proteins to facilitate both RNA cleavage and poly(A) synthesis. CPSF1 is the largest subunit of the CPSF complex (Murthy and Manley, 1995 [PubMed 7590244]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| BMP8A | bone morphogenetic protein 8a| |
| MAD1L1 | MAD1 mitotic arrest deficient-like 1 (yeast)|MAD1L1 is a component of the mitotic spindle-assembly checkpoint that prevents the onset of anaphase until all chromosome are properly aligned at the metaphase plate. MAD1L1 functions as a homodimer and interacts with MAD2L1. MAD1L1 may play a role in cell cycle control and tumor suppression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| SIGLEC1 | sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 1, sialoadhesin|This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein is a lectin-like adhesion molecule that binds glycoconjugate ligands on cell surfaces in a sialic acid-dependent manner. It is a type I transmembrane protein expressed only by a subpopulation of macrophages and is involved in mediating cell-cell interactions. Alternative splicing produces a transcript variant encoding an isoform that is soluble rather than membrane-bound; however, the full-length nature of this variant has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACAA2 | acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2|The encoded protein catalyzes the last step of the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation spiral. Unlike most mitochondrial matrix proteins, it contains a non-cleavable amino-terminal targeting signal. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACAA1 | acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1|This gene encodes an enzyme operative in the beta-oxidation system of the peroxisomes. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to pseudo-Zellweger syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MUM1L1 | melanoma associated antigen (mutated) 1-like 1|This gene encodes a protein which contains a mutated melanoma-associated antigen 1 domain. Proteins which contain mutated antigens are expressed at high levels on certain types of cancers. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| OR3A1 | olfactory receptor, family 3, subfamily A, member 1|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OR3A2 | olfactory receptor, family 3, subfamily A, member 2|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SIPA1L1 | signal-induced proliferation-associated 1 like 1| |
| APCS | amyloid P component, serum|The protein encoded by this gene is a glycoprotein, belonging to the pentraxin family of proteins, which has a characteristic pentameric organization. These family members have considerable sequence homology which is thought to be the result of gene duplication. The binding of the encoded protein to proteins in the pathological amyloid cross-beta fold suggests its possible role as a chaperone. This protein is also thought to control the degradation of chromatin. It has been demonstrated that this protein binds to apoptotic cells at an early stage, which raises the possibility that it is involved in dealing with apoptotic cells in vivo. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| SIPA1L3 | signal-induced proliferation-associated 1 like 3| |
| SIPA1L2 | signal-induced proliferation-associated 1 like 2| |
| WHSC1 | Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1|This gene encodes a protein that contains four domains present in other developmental proteins: a PWWP domain, an HMG box, a SET domain, and a PHD-type zinc finger. It is expressed ubiquitously in early development. Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a malformation syndrome associated with a hemizygous deletion of the distal short arm of chromosome 4. This gene maps to the 165 kb WHS critical region and has also been involved in the chromosomal translocation t(4;14)(p16.3;q32.3) in multiple myelomas. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Some transcript variants are nonsense-mediated mRNA (NMD) decay candidates, hence not represented as reference sequences. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DSG3 | desmoglein 3|Desmosomes are cell-cell junctions between epithelial, myocardial, and certain other cell types. Desmoglein 3 is a calcium-binding transmembrane glycoprotein component of desmosomes in vertebrate epithelial cells. Currently, three desmoglein subfamily members have been identified and all are members of the cadherin cell adhesion molecule superfamily. These desmoglein gene family members are located in a cluster on chromosome 18. This protein has been identified as the autoantigen of the autoimmune skin blistering disease pemphigus vulgaris. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TTLL5 | tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family member 5|This gene encodes a member of the tubulin tyrosine ligase like protein family. This protein interacts with two glucocorticoid receptor coactivators, transcriptional intermediary factor 2 and steroid receptor coactivator 1. This protein may function as a coregulator of glucocorticoid receptor mediated gene induction and repression. This protein may also function as an alpha tubulin polyglutamylase.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| TTLL4 | tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family member 4| |
| TTLL7 | tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family member 7| |
| TTLL6 | tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family member 6| |
| LTBP3 | latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 3|The protein encoded by this gene forms a complex with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) proteins and may be involved in their subcellular localization. Activation of this complex requires removal of the encoded binding protein. This protein also may play a structural role in the extracellular matrix. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| ARIH2 | ariadne RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2| |
| ARIH1 | ariadne RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1| |
| KIF20B | kinesin family member 20B| |
| RNPC3 | RNA-binding region (RNP1, RRM) containing 3|Two types of spliceosomes catalyze splicing of pre-mRNAs. The major U2-type spliceosome is found in all eukaryotes and removes U2-type introns, which represent more than 99% of pre-mRNA introns. The minor U12-type spliceosome is found in some eukaryotes and removes U12-type introns, which are rare and have distinct splice consensus signals. The U12-type spliceosome consists of several small nuclear RNAs and associated proteins. This gene encodes a 65K protein that is a component of the U12-type spliceosome. This protein contains two RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), suggesting that it may contact one of the small nuclear RNAs of the minor spliceosome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TTLL9 | tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family member 9| |
| CEP164 | centrosomal protein 164kDa|This gene encodes a centrosomal protein involved in microtubule organization, DNA damage response, and chromosome segregation. The encoded protein is required for assembly of primary cilia and localizes to mature centrioles. Defects in this gene are a cause of nephronophthisis-related ciliopathies. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| ZNF324 | zinc finger protein 324| |
| SUFU | suppressor of fused homolog (Drosophila)|The Hedgehog signaling pathway plays an important role in early human development. The pathway is a signaling cascade that plays a role in pattern formation and cellular proliferation during development. This gene encodes a negative regulator of the hedgehog signaling pathway. Defects in this gene are a cause of medulloblastoma. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| PLA2G4C | phospholipase A2, group IVC (cytosolic, calcium-independent)|This gene encodes a protein which is a member of the phospholipase A2 enzyme family which hydrolyzes glycerophospholipids to produce free fatty acids and lysophospholipids, both of which serve as precursors in the production of signaling molecules. The encoded protein has been shown to be a calcium-independent and membrane bound enzyme. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| PLA2G4B | phospholipase A2, group IVB (cytosolic)|This gene encodes a member of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 protein family. Phospholipase A2 enzymes hydrolyze the sn-2 bond of phospholipids, releasing lysophospholipids and fatty acids. This enzyme may be associated with mitochondria and early endosomes. Most tissues also express read-through transcripts from the upstream gene into this gene, some of which may encode fusion proteins combining the N-terminus of the upstream gene including its JmjC domain with the almost complete coding region of this gene, including the C2 and cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 domains. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLA2G4A | phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent)|This gene encodes a member of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 group IV family. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids to release arachidonic acid which is subsequently metabolized into eicosanoids. Eicosanoids, including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, are lipid-based cellular hormones that regulate hemodynamics, inflammatory responses, and other intracellular pathways. The hydrolysis reaction also produces lysophospholipids that are converted into platelet-activating factor. The enzyme is activated by increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels and phosphorylation, resulting in its translocation from the cytosol and nucleus to perinuclear membrane vesicles. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CLIC1 | chloride intracellular channel 1|Chloride channels are a diverse group of proteins that regulate fundamental cellular processes including stabilization of cell membrane potential, transepithelial transport, maintenance of intracellular pH, and regulation of cell volume. Chloride intracellular channel 1 is a member of the p64 family; the protein localizes principally to the cell nucleus and exhibits both nuclear and plasma membrane chloride ion channel activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLA2G4F | phospholipase A2, group IVF| |
| PLA2G4D | phospholipase A2, group IVD (cytosolic)|The phospholipase A2 enzyme family, including PLA2G4D, catalyze the hydrolysis of glycerophospholipids at the sn-2 position and then liberate free fatty acids and lysophospholipids (Chiba et al., 2004 [PubMed 14709560]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009] |
| SLC35F5 | solute carrier family 35, member F5| |
| OR8H2 | olfactory receptor, family 8, subfamily H, member 2|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC35F6 | solute carrier family 35, member F6| |
| LRWD1 | leucine-rich repeats and WD repeat domain containing 1| |
| SLC35F3 | solute carrier family 35, member F3| |
| SLC35F2 | solute carrier family 35, member F2| |
| MBD5 | methyl-CpG binding domain protein 5|This gene encodes a member of the methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) family. The MBD consists of about 70 residues and is the minimal region required for a methyl-CpG-binding protein binding specifically to methylated DNA. In addition to the MBD domain, this protein contains a PWWP domain (Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro motif), which consists of 100-150 amino acids and is found in numerous proteins that are involved in cell division, growth and differentiation. Mutations in this gene cause mental retardation autosomal dominant type 1. Haploinsufficiency of this gene is associated with a syndrome involving microcephaly, intellectual disabilities, severe speech impairment, and seizures. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, but their full-length nature is not determined. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| MBD4 | methyl-CpG binding domain protein 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of nuclear proteins related by the presence of a methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD). These proteins are capable of binding specifically to methylated DNA, and some members can also repress transcription from methylated gene promoters. This protein contains an MBD domain at the N-terminus that functions both in binding to methylated DNA and in protein interactions and a C-terminal mismatch-specific glycosylase domain that is involved in DNA repair. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| CMTM8 | CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 8|This gene belongs to the chemokine-like factor gene superfamily, a novel family that is similar to the chemokine and the transmembrane 4 superfamilies. This gene is one of several chemokine-like factor genes located in a cluster on chromosome 3. This gene is widely expressed in many tissues, but the exact function of the encoded protein is unknown. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MBD6 | methyl-CpG binding domain protein 6| |
| MBD1 | methyl-CpG binding domain protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of nuclear proteins related by the presence of a methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD). These proteins are capable of binding specifically to methylated DNA, and some members can also repress transcription from methylated gene promoters. This protein contains multiple domains: MBD at the N-terminus that functions both in binding to methylated DNA and in protein interactions; several CXXC-type zinc finger domains that mediate binding to non-methylated CpG dinucleotides; transcriptional repression domain (TRD) at the C-terminus that is involved in transcription repression and in protein interactions. Numerous alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| MBD3 | methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3|DNA methylation is the major modification of eukaryotic genomes and plays an essential role in mammalian development. This gene belongs to a family of nuclear proteins which are characterized by the presence of a methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD). The encoded protein is a subunit of the NuRD, a multisubunit complex containing nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase activities. Unlike the other family members, the encoded protein is not capable of binding to methylated DNA. The protein mediates the association of metastasis-associated protein 2 with the core histone deacetylase complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| SUPV3L1 | suppressor of var1, 3-like 1 (S. cerevisiae)| |
| CMTM2 | CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 2|This gene belongs to the chemokine-like factor gene superfamily, a novel family that links the chemokine and the transmembrane 4 superfamilies of signaling molecules. The protein encoded by this gene may play an important role in testicular development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LMAN1L | lectin, mannose-binding, 1 like| |
| CMTM1 | CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 1|This gene belongs to the chemokine-like factor gene superfamily, a novel family that is similar to the chemokine and the transmembrane 4 superfamilies of signaling molecules. The protein encoded by this gene may play an important role in testicular development. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. Naturally occurring read-through transcription occurs between this locus and the neighboring locus CKLF (chemokine-like factor).[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| CMTM6 | CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 6|This gene belongs to the chemokine-like factor gene superfamily, a novel family that is similar to the chemokine and transmembrane 4 superfamilies. This gene is one of several chemokine-like factor genes located in a cluster on chromosome 3. This gene is widely expressed in many tissues, but the exact function of the encoded protein is unknown. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CMTM7 | CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 7|This gene belongs to the chemokine-like factor gene superfamily, a novel family that is similar to the chemokine and transmembrane 4 superfamilies. This gene is one of several chemokine-like factor genes located in a cluster on chromosome 3. The protein encoded by this gene is highly expressed in leukocytes, but its exact function is unknown. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM126B | family with sequence similarity 126, member B| |
| MLPH | melanophilin|This gene encodes a member of the exophilin subfamily of Rab effector proteins. The protein forms a ternary complex with the small Ras-related GTPase Rab27A in its GTP-bound form and the motor protein myosin Va. A similar protein complex in mouse functions to tether pigment-producing organelles called melanosomes to the actin cytoskeleton in melanocytes, and is required for visible pigmentation in the hair and skin. A mutation in this gene results in Griscelli syndrome type 3, which is characterized by a silver-gray hair color and abnormal pigment distribution in the hair shaft. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| TRMT112 | tRNA methyltransferase 11-2 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| MPC2 | mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2| |
| AGPAT1 | 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 1|This gene encodes an enzyme that converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) into phosphatidic acid (PA). LPA and PA are two phospholipids involved in signal transduction and in lipid biosynthesis in cells. This enzyme localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. This gene is located in the class III region of the human major histocompatibility complex. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COL11A2 | collagen, type XI, alpha 2|This gene encodes one of the two alpha chains of type XI collagen, a minor fibrillar collagen. It is located on chromosome 6 very close to but separate from the gene for retinoid X receptor beta. Type XI collagen is a heterotrimer but the third alpha chain is a post-translationally modified alpha 1 type II chain. Proteolytic processing of this type XI chain produces PARP, a proline/arginine-rich protein that is an amino terminal domain. Mutations in this gene are associated with type III Stickler syndrome, otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia (OSMED syndrome), Weissenbacher-Zweymuller syndrome, autosomal dominant non-syndromic sensorineural type 13 deafness (DFNA13), and autosomal recessive non-syndromic sensorineural type 53 deafness (DFNB53). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene is located nearby on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| MPC1 | mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1|The protein encoded by this gene is part of an MPC1/MPC2 heterodimer that is responsible for transporting pyruvate into mitochondria. The encoded protein is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Defects in this gene are a cause of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier deficiency. Several transcript variants, some protein coding and one non-protein coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| TSPAN10 | tetraspanin 10| |
| TSPAN12 | tetraspanin 12|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TSPAN13 | tetraspanin 13|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TSPAN14 | tetraspanin 14| |
| TSPAN15 | tetraspanin 15|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. The use of alternate polyadenylation sites has been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TSPAN17 | tetraspanin 17|This gene encodes a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily. It is characterized by four tetraspanin transmembrane segments. The function of this gene has not yet been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| REXO1 | REX1, RNA exonuclease 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| KIR3DS1 | killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, three domains, short cytoplasmic tail, 1|Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| REXO2 | RNA exonuclease 2|This gene encodes a 3'-to-5' exonuclease specific for small (primarily 5 nucleotides or less in length) single-stranded RNA and DNA oligomers. This protein may have a role in DNA repair, replication, and recombination, and in RNA processing and degradation. It may also be involved in resistance of human cells to UV-C-induced cell death through its role in the DNA repair process. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| MEIS2 | Meis homeobox 2|This gene encodes a homeobox protein belonging to the TALE ('three amino acid loop extension') family of homeodomain-containing proteins. TALE homeobox proteins are highly conserved transcription regulators, and several members have been shown to be essential contributors to developmental programs. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TM4SF4 | transmembrane 4 L six family member 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein that can regulate cell proliferation.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| SLC25A19 | solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial thiamine pyrophosphate carrier), member 19|This gene encodes a mitochondrial protein that is a member of the solute carrier family. Although this protein was initially thought to be the mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier involved in the uptake of deoxynucleotides into the matrix of the mitochondria, further studies have demonstrated that this protein instead functions as the mitochondrial thiamine pyrophosphate carrier, which transports thiamine pyrophosphates into mitochondria. Mutations in this gene cause microcephaly, Amish type, a metabolic disease that results in severe congenital microcephaly, severe 2-ketoglutaric aciduria, and death within the first year. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC25A18 | solute carrier family 25 (glutamate carrier), member 18| |
| SLC25A17 | solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; peroxisomal membrane protein, 34kDa), member 17|This gene encodes a peroxisomal membrane protein that belongs to the family of mitochondrial solute carriers. It is expressed in the liver, and is likely involved in transport. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| SLC25A16 | solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier), member 16|This gene encodes a protein that contains three tandemly repeated mitochondrial carrier protein domains. The encoded protein is localized in the inner membrane and facilitates the rapid transport and exchange of molecules between the cytosol and the mitochondrial matrix space. This gene has a possible role in Graves' disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC25A15 | solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; ornithine transporter) member 15|This gene is a member of the mitochondrial carrier family. The encoded protein transports ornithine across the inner mitochondrial membrane from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix. The protein is an essential component of the urea cycle, and functions in ammonium detoxification and biosynthesis of the amino acid arginine. Mutations in this gene result in hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome. There is a pseudogene of this locus on the Y chromosome.[provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| SLC25A13 | solute carrier family 25 (aspartate/glutamate carrier), member 13|This gene is a member of the mitochondrial carrier family. The encoded protein contains four EF-hand Ca(2+) binding motifs in the N-terminal domain, and localizes to mitochondria. The protein catalyzes the exchange of aspartate for glutamate and a proton across the inner mitochondrial membrane, and is stimulated by calcium on the external side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Mutations in this gene result in citrullinemia, type II. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| SLC25A12 | solute carrier family 25 (aspartate/glutamate carrier), member 12|This gene encodes a calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein. The encoded protein localizes to the mitochondria and is involved in the exchange of aspartate for glutamate across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with autism, and mutations in this gene may also be a cause of global cerebral hypomyelination. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| SLC25A11 | solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; oxoglutarate carrier), member 11|The oxoglutarate/malate carrier transports 2-oxoglutarate across the inner membranes of mitochondria in an electroneutral exchange for malate or other dicarboxylic acids (summary by Iacobazzi et al., 1992 [PubMed 1457818]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2011] |
| SLC25A10 | solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; dicarboxylate transporter), member 10|This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins that translocate small metabolites across the mitochondrial membrane. The encoded protein exchanges dicarboxylates, such as malate and succinate, for phosphate, sulfate, and other small molecules, thereby providing substrates for metabolic processes including the Krebs cycle and fatty acid synthesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| HSD17B8 | hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 8|In mice, the Ke6 protein is a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase that can regulate the concentration of biologically active estrogens and androgens. It is preferentially an oxidative enzyme and inactivates estradiol, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone. However, the enzyme has some reductive activity and can synthesize estradiol from estrone. The protein encoded by this gene is similar to Ke6 and is a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase superfamily. An alternatively spliced transcript of this gene has been detected, but the full-length nature of this variant has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TUBA3C | tubulin, alpha 3c|Microtubules of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton perform essential and diverse functions and are composed of a heterodimer of alpha and beta tubulin. The genes encoding these microtubule constituents are part of the tubulin superfamily, which is composed of six distinct families. Genes from the alpha, beta and gamma tubulin families are found in all eukaryotes. The alpha and beta tubulins represent the major components of microtubules, while gamma tubulin plays a critical role in the nucleation of microtubule assembly. There are multiple alpha and beta tubulin genes and they are highly conserved among and between species. This gene is an alpha tubulin gene that encodes a protein 99% identical to the mouse testis-specific Tuba3 and Tuba7 gene products. This gene is located in the 13q11 region, which is associated with the genetic diseases Clouston hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and Kabuki syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TUBA3E | tubulin, alpha 3e| |
| STAT3 | signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (acute-phase response factor)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT protein family. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. This protein is activated through phosphorylation in response to various cytokines and growth factors including IFNs, EGF, IL5, IL6, HGF, LIF and BMP2. This protein mediates the expression of a variety of genes in response to cell stimuli, and thus plays a key role in many cellular processes such as cell growth and apoptosis. The small GTPase Rac1 has been shown to bind and regulate the activity of this protein. PIAS3 protein is a specific inhibitor of this protein. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| USP29 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 29| |
| CCDC14 | coiled-coil domain containing 14| |
| CCDC15 | coiled-coil domain containing 15| |
| EAF2 | ELL associated factor 2| |
| CCDC17 | coiled-coil domain containing 17| |
| LAD1 | ladinin 1|The protein encoded by this gene may be an anchoring filament that is a component of basement membranes. It may contribute to the stability of the association of the epithelial layers with the underlying mesenchyme. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NDUFA11 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 11, 14.7kDa|This gene encodes a subunit of the membrane-bound mitochondrial complex I. Complex I is composed of numerous subunits and functions as the NADH-ubiquinol reductase of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Mutations in this gene are associated with severe mitochondrial complex I deficiency. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| NDUFA12 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 12|This gene encodes a protein which is part of mitochondrial complex 1, part of the oxidative phosphorylation system in mitochondria. Complex 1 transfers electrons to ubiquinone from NADH which establishes a proton gradient for the generation of ATP. Mutations in this gene are associated with Leigh syndrome due to mitochondrial complex 1 deficiency. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 5 and 13. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| NDUFA13 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 13|This gene encodes a subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), which functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The protein is required for complex I assembly and electron transfer activity. The protein binds the signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) transcription factor, and can function as a tumor suppressor. The human protein purified from mitochondria migrates at approximately 16 kDa. Transcripts originating from an upstream promoter and capable of expressing a protein with a longer N-terminus have been found, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| ARPC2 | actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 2, 34kDa|This gene encodes one of seven subunits of the human Arp2/3 protein complex. The Arp2/3 protein complex has been implicated in the control of actin polymerization in cells and has been conserved through evolution. The exact role of the protein encoded by this gene, the p34 subunit, has yet to be determined. Two alternatively spliced variants have been characterized to date. Additional alternatively spliced variants have been described but their full length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCDC18 | coiled-coil domain containing 18| |
| CHRM5 | cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 5|The muscarinic cholinergic receptors belong to a larger family of G protein-coupled receptors. The functional diversity of these receptors is defined by the binding of acetylcholine and includes cellular responses such as adenylate cyclase inhibition, phosphoinositide degeneration, and potassium channel mediation. Muscarinic receptors influence many effects of acetylcholine in the central and peripheral nervous system. The clinical implications of this receptor are unknown; however, stimulation of this receptor is known to increase cyclic AMP levels. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RBPJL | recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region-like|This gene encodes a member of the suppressor of hairless protein family. A similar protein in mouse is a transcription factor that binds to DNA sequences almost identical to that bound by the Notch receptor signaling pathway transcription factor recombining binding protein J. The mouse protein has been shown to activate transcription in concert with Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-2. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| TMUB1 | transmembrane and ubiquitin-like domain containing 1| |
| TMUB2 | transmembrane and ubiquitin-like domain containing 2| |
| ASCC3 | activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 3|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to a family of helicases that are involved in the ATP-dependent unwinding of nucleic acid duplexes. The encoded protein is the largest subunit of the activating signal cointegrator 1 complex that is involved in DNA repair and resistance to alkylation damage. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| GRIA4 | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 4|Glutamate receptors are the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain and are activated in a variety of normal neurophysiologic processes. These receptors are heteromeric protein complexes composed of multiple subunits, arranged to form ligand-gated ion channels. The classification of glutamate receptors is based on their activation by different pharmacologic agonists. The subunit encoded by this gene belongs to a family of AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate)-sensitive glutamate receptors, and is subject to RNA editing (AGA->GGA; R->G). Alternative splicing of this gene results in transcript variants encoding different isoforms, which may vary in their signal transduction properties. Some haplotypes of this gene show a positive association with schizophrenia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KLRB1 | killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B, member 1|Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that mediate cytotoxicity and secrete cytokines after immune stimulation. Several genes of the C-type lectin superfamily, including the rodent NKRP1 family of glycoproteins, are expressed by NK cells and may be involved in the regulation of NK cell function. The KLRB1 protein contains an extracellular domain with several motifs characteristic of C-type lectins, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain. The KLRB1 protein is classified as a type II membrane protein because it has an external C terminus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF646 | zinc finger protein 646| |
| CDH11 | cadherin 11, type 2, OB-cadherin (osteoblast)|This gene encodes a type II classical cadherin from the cadherin superfamily, integral membrane proteins that mediate calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion. Mature cadherin proteins are composed of a large N-terminal extracellular domain, a single membrane-spanning domain, and a small, highly conserved C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. Type II (atypical) cadherins are defined based on their lack of a HAV cell adhesion recognition sequence specific to type I cadherins. Expression of this particular cadherin in osteoblastic cell lines, and its upregulation during differentiation, suggests a specific function in bone development and maintenance. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DNAJA1 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily A, member 1| |
| ZNF644 | zinc finger protein 644|The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcription factor that may play a role in eye development. Defects in this gene have been associated with high myopia. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| SYNCRIP | synaptotagmin binding, cytoplasmic RNA interacting protein|This gene encodes a member of the cellular heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) family. hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins that complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) and regulate alternative splicing, polyadenylation, and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. The encoded protein plays a role in multiple aspects of mRNA maturation and is associated with several multiprotein complexes including the apoB RNA editing-complex and survival of motor neurons (SMN) complex. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 20. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| DYNLRB1 | dynein, light chain, roadblock-type 1|This gene is a member of the roadblock dynein light chain family. The encoded cytoplasmic protein is capable of binding intermediate chain proteins, interacts with transforming growth factor-beta, and has been implicated in the regulation of actin modulating proteins. Upregulation of this gene has been associated with hepatocellular carcinomas, suggesting that this gene may be involved in tumor progression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene have been defined on chromosomes 12 and 18. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| MTNR1A | melatonin receptor 1A|This gene encodes one of two high affinity forms of a receptor for melatonin, the primary hormone secreted by the pineal gland. This receptor is a G-protein coupled, 7-transmembrane receptor that is responsible for melatonin effects on mammalian circadian rhythm and reproductive alterations affected by day length. The receptor is an integral membrane protein that is readily detectable and localized to two specific regions of the brain. The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus appears to be involved in circadian rhythm while the hypophysial pars tuberalis may be responsible for the reproductive effects of melatonin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ALDH1L2 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member L2|This gene encodes a member of both the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily and the formyl transferase superfamily. This member is the mitochondrial form of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (FDH), which converts 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate and CO2 in an NADP(+)-dependent reaction, and plays an essential role in the distribution of one-carbon groups between the cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments of the cell. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| ALDH1L1 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member L1|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the conversion of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+), and water to tetrahydrofolate, NADPH, and carbon dioxide. The encoded protein belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. Loss of function or expression of this gene is associated with decreased apoptosis, increased cell motility, and cancer progression. There is an antisense transcript that overlaps on the opposite strand with this gene locus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| ASCC2 | activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 2| |
| ZNF280C | zinc finger protein 280C|This gene encodes a member of the zinc finger domain-containing protein family. This family member contains multiple Cys2-His2(C2H2)-type zinc finger domains, the most common type of zinc finger domain that self-folds to form a beta-beta-alpha structure that binds a zinc ion. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| ZNF280B | zinc finger protein 280B|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that upregulates expression of MDM2, which negatively regulates p53 expression. This gene is highly expressed in prostate cancer cells, which leads to a reduction in p53 levels and an increase in growth of the cancer cells. Several transcript variants have been found for this gene, but only one of them is protein-coding. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| ZNF280A | zinc finger protein 280A|This gene encodes a zinc finger protein. The encoded protein contains 4 C2H2-type zinc fingers, which are commonly found in transcription factors. A variety of functions may be performed by this type of zinc finger protein, including the binding of DNA or RNA. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| VIM | vimentin|This gene encodes a member of the intermediate filament family. Intermediate filamentents, along with microtubules and actin microfilaments, make up the cytoskeleton. The protein encoded by this gene is responsible for maintaining cell shape, integrity of the cytoplasm, and stabilizing cytoskeletal interactions. It is also involved in the immune response, and controls the transport of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-derived cholesterol from a lysosome to the site of esterification. It functions as an organizer of a number of critical proteins involved in attachment, migration, and cell signaling. Mutations in this gene causes a dominant, pulverulent cataract.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| GNG7 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 7| |
| GNG4 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 4| |
| GNG5 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 5|G proteins are trimeric (alpha-beta-gamma) membrane-associated proteins that regulate flow of information from cell surface receptors to a variety of internal metabolic effectors. Interaction of a G protein with its activated receptor promotes exchange of GTP for GDP that is bound to the alpha subunit. The alpha-GTP complex dissociates from the beta-gamma heterodimer so that the subunits, in turn, may interact with and regulate effector molecules (Gilman, 1987 [PubMed 3113327]; summary by Ahmad et al., 1995) [PubMed 7606925].[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| DBF4 | DBF4 zinc finger| |
| GNG3 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 3|Guanine nucleotide binding proteins are heterotrimeric signal-transducing molecules consisting of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. The gamma subunit determines the specificity of which signaling pathways will be affected by this particular complex. The protein encoded by this gene represents the gamma subunit of both inhibitory and stimulatory complexes. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| MMAA | methylmalonic aciduria (cobalamin deficiency) cblA type|The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the translocation of cobalamin into the mitochondrion, where it is used in the final steps of adenosylcobalamin synthesis. Adenosylcobalamin is a coenzyme required for the activity of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. Defects in this gene are a cause of methylmalonic aciduria. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MMAB | methylmalonic aciduria (cobalamin deficiency) cblB type|This gene encodes a protein that catalyzes the final step in the conversion of vitamin B(12) into adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl), a vitamin B12-containing coenzyme for methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. Mutations in the gene are the cause of vitamin B12-dependent methylmalonic aciduria linked to the cblB complementation group. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011] |
| TYR | tyrosinase|The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes the first 2 steps, and at least 1 subsequent step, in the conversion of tyrosine to melanin. The enzyme has both tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa oxidase catalytic activities, and requires copper for function. Mutations in this gene result in oculocutaneous albinism, and nonpathologic polymorphisms result in skin pigmentation variation. The human genome contains a pseudogene similar to the 3' half of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| NOA1 | nitric oxide associated 1| |
| ALG8 | ALG8, alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase|This gene encodes a member of the ALG6/ALG8 glucosyltransferase family. The encoded protein catalyzes the addition of the second glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation of proteins. Mutations in this gene have been associated with congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ih (CDG-Ih). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ALG9 | ALG9, alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase|This gene encodes an alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase enzyme that functions in lipid-linked oligosaccharide assembly. Mutations in this gene result in congenital disorder of glycosylation type Il. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| STAR | steroidogenic acute regulatory protein|The protein encoded by this gene plays a key role in the acute regulation of steroid hormone synthesis by enhancing the conversion of cholesterol into pregnenolone. This protein permits the cleavage of cholesterol into pregnenolone by mediating the transport of cholesterol from the outer mitochondrial membrane to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Mutations in this gene are a cause of congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia (CLAH), also called lipoid CAH. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FUS | FUS RNA binding protein|This gene encodes a multifunctional protein component of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) complex. The hnRNP complex is involved in pre-mRNA splicing and the export of fully processed mRNA to the cytoplasm. This protein belongs to the FET family of RNA-binding proteins which have been implicated in cellular processes that include regulation of gene expression, maintenance of genomic integrity and mRNA/microRNA processing. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Defects in this gene result in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 6. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| GTPBP10 | GTP-binding protein 10 (putative)|Small G proteins, such as GTPBP10, act as molecular switches that play crucial roles in the regulation of fundamental cellular processes such as protein synthesis, nuclear transport, membrane trafficking, and signal transduction (Hirano et al., 2006 [PubMed 17054726]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ALG2 | ALG2, alpha-1,3/1,6-mannosyltransferase|This gene encodes a member of the glycosyltransferase 1 family. The encoded protein acts as an alpha 1,3 mannosyltransferase, mannosylating Man(2)GlcNAc(2)-dolichol diphosphate and Man(1)GlcNAc(2)-dolichol diphosphate to form Man(3)GlcNAc(2)-dolichol diphosphate. Defects in this gene have been associated with congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ih (CDG-Ii). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| ALG3 | ALG3, alpha-1,3- mannosyltransferase|This gene encodes a member of the ALG3 family. The encoded protein catalyses the addition of the first dol-P-Man derived mannose in an alpha 1,3 linkage to Man5GlcNAc2-PP-Dol. Defects in this gene have been associated with congenital disorder of glycosylation type Id (CDG-Id) characterized by abnormal N-glycosylation. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| ALG1 | ALG1, chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol beta-mannosyltransferase|The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes the first mannosylation step in the biosynthesis of lipid-linked oligosaccharides. This gene is mutated in congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ik. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| FUZ | fuzzy planar cell polarity protein|This gene encodes a planar cell polarity protein that is involved in ciliogenesis and directional cell movement. Knockout studies in mice exhibit neural tube defects and defective cilia, and mutations in this gene are associated with neural tube defects in humans. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| ALG5 | ALG5, dolichyl-phosphate beta-glucosyltransferase|This gene encodes a member of the glycosyltransferase 2 family. The encoded protein participates in glucosylation of the oligomannose core in N-linked glycosylation of proteins. The addition of glucose residues to the oligomannose core is necessary to ensure substrate recognition, and therefore, effectual transfer of the oligomannose core to the nascent glycoproteins. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| LTBP4 | latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 4|The protein encoded by this gene binds transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) as it is secreted and targeted to the extracellular matrix. TGFB is biologically latent after secretion and insertion into the extracellular matrix, and sheds TGFB and other proteins upon activation. Defects in this gene may be a cause of cutis laxa and severe pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and urinary abnormalities. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| STAC | SH3 and cysteine rich domain| |
| PDXP | pyridoxal (pyridoxine, vitamin B6) phosphatase|Pyridoxal 5-prime-phosphate (PLP) is the active form of vitamin B6 that acts as a coenzyme in maintaining biochemical homeostasis. The preferred degradation route from PLP to 4-pyridoxic acid involves the dephosphorylation of PLP by PDXP (Jang et al., 2003 [PubMed 14522954]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| COX6B1 | cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIb polypeptide 1 (ubiquitous)|Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. It is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may be involved in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes subunit VIb. Mutations in this gene are associated with severe infantile encephalomyopathy. Three pseudogenes COX6BP-1, COX6BP-2 and COX6BP-3 have been found on chromosomes 7, 17 and 22q13.1-13.2, respectively. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| RNGTT | RNA guanylyltransferase and 5'-phosphatase| |
| STAM | signal transducing adaptor molecule (SH3 domain and ITAM motif) 1|This gene encodes a member of the signal-transducing adaptor molecule family. These proteins mediate downstream signaling of cytokine receptors and also play a role in ER to Golgi trafficking by interacting with the coat protein II complex. The encoded protein also associates with hepatocyte growth factor-regulated substrate to form the endosomal sorting complex required for transport-0 (ESCRT-0), which sorts ubiquitinated membrane proteins to the ESCRT-1 complex for lysosomal degradation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| FUK | fucokinase|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the GHMP (galacto-, homoserine, mevalonate and phosphomevalonate) kinase family and catalyzes the phosphorylation of L-fucose to form beta-L-fucose 1-phosphate. This enzyme catalyzes the first step in the utilization of free L-fucose in glycoprotein and glycolipid synthesis. L-fucose may be important in mediating a number of cell-cell interactions such as blood group antigen recognition, inflammation, and metastatis. While several transcript variants may exist for this gene, the full-length nature of only one has been described to date. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LTBP2 | latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of latent transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta binding proteins (LTBP), which are extracellular matrix proteins with multi-domain structure. This protein is the largest member of the LTBP family possessing unique regions and with most similarity to the fibrillins. It has thus been suggested that it may have multiple functions: as a member of the TGF-beta latent complex, as a structural component of microfibrils, and a role in cell adhesion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LTBP1 | latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBPs). The secretion and activation of TGF-betas is regulated by their association with latency-associated proteins and with latent TGF-beta binding proteins. The product of this gene targets latent complexes of transforming growth factor beta to the extracellular matrix, where the latent cytokine is subsequently activated by several different mechanisms. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CACNA1S | calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1S subunit|This gene encodes one of the five subunits of the slowly inactivating L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel in skeletal muscle cells. Mutations in this gene have been associated with hypokalemic periodic paralysis, thyrotoxic periodic paralysis and malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCNE2 | cyclin E2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK2. This cyclin has been shown to specifically interact with CIP/KIP family of CDK inhibitors, and plays a role in cell cycle G1/S transition. The expression of this gene peaks at the G1-S phase and exhibits a pattern of tissue specificity distinct from that of cyclin E1. A significantly increased expression level of this gene was observed in tumor-derived cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| INSL6 | insulin-like 6|The protein encoded by this gene contains a classical signature of the insulin superfamily and is significantly similar to relaxin and relaxin-like factor. This gene is preferentially expressed in testis. Its expression in testis is restricted to interstitial cells surrounding seminiferous tubules, which suggests a role in sperm development and fertilization. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CISD2 | CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger protein that localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. The encoded protein binds an iron/sulfur cluster and may be involved in calcium homeostasis. Defects in this gene are a cause of Wolfram syndrome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| MAGEL2 | melanoma antigen family L2|Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is caused by the loss of expression of imprinted genes in chromosome 15q11-q13 region. Affected individuals exhibit neonatal hypotonia, developmental delay, and childhood-onset obesity. Necdin (NDN), a gene involved in the terminal differentiation of neurons, localizes to this region of the genome and has been implicated as one of the genes responsible for the etiology of PWS. This gene is structurally similar to NDN, is also localized to the PWS chromosomal region, and is paternally imprinted, suggesting a possible role for it in PWS. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| INSL3 | insulin-like 3 (Leydig cell)|This gene encodes a member of the insulin-like hormone superfamily. The encoded protein is mainly produced in gonadal tissues. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggest that this gene may be involved in the development of urogenital tract and female fertility. This protein may also act as a hormone to regulate growth and differentiation of gubernaculum, and thus mediating intra-abdominal testicular descent. Mutations in this gene may lead to cryptorchidism. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| CLDN8 | claudin 8|This gene encodes a member of the claudin family. Claudins are integral membrane proteins and components of tight junction strands. Tight junction strands serve as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space between epithelial or endothelial cell sheets, and also play critical roles in maintaining cell polarity and signal transductions. This protein plays important roles in the paracellular cation barrier of the distal renal tubule, and in the paracellular barrier to prevent sodium back-leakage in distal colon. Differential expression of this gene has been observed in colorectal carcinoma and renal cell tumors, and along with claudin-7, is an immunohistochemical marker for the differential diagnosis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and renal oncocytoma.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| FIG4 | FIG4 phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the SAC domain-containing protein gene family. The SAC domain, approximately 400 amino acids in length and consisting of seven conserved motifs, has been shown to possess phosphoinositide phosphatase activity. The yeast homolog, Sac1p, is involved in the regulation of various phosphoinositides, and affects diverse cellular functions such as actin cytoskeleton organization, Golgi function, and maintenance of vacuole morphology. Membrane-bound phosphoinositides function as signaling molecules and play a key role in vesicle trafficking in eukaryotic cells. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 4J. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UTRN | utrophin|This gene shares both structural and functional similarities with the dystrophin gene. It contains an actin-binding N-terminus, a triple coiled-coil repeat central region, and a C-terminus that consists of protein-protein interaction motifs which interact with dystroglycan protein components. The protein encoded by this gene is located at the neuromuscular synapse and myotendinous junctions, where it participates in post-synaptic membrane maintenance and acetylcholine receptor clustering. Mouse studies suggest that this gene may serve as a functional substitute for the dystrophin gene and therefore, may serve as a potential therapeutic alternative to muscular dystrophy which is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Alternative splicing of the utrophin gene has been described; however, the full-length nature of these variants has not yet been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GCC2 | GRIP and coiled-coil domain containing 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a peripheral membrane protein localized to the trans-Golgi network. It is sensitive to brefeldin A. This encoded protein contains a GRIP domain which is thought to be used in targeting. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| GCC1 | GRIP and coiled-coil domain containing 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a peripheral membrane protein. It is sensitive to brefeldin A. This encoded protein contains a GRIP domain which is thought to be used in targeting. It may play a role in the organization of trans-Golgi network subcompartment involved with membrane transport. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TBC1D8B | TBC1 domain family, member 8B (with GRAM domain)|This gene encodes a protein with a TBC (Tre-2/Bub2/CDC16) domain. Some mammalian proteins with this domain have been shown to function as Rab-GAPs by binding to specific Rab proteins and affecting their GTPase activity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| CLDN1 | claudin 1|Tight junctions represent one mode of cell-to-cell adhesion in epithelial or endothelial cell sheets, forming continuous seals around cells and serving as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space. These junctions are comprised of sets of continuous networking strands in the outwardly facing cytoplasmic leaflet, with complementary grooves in the inwardly facing extracytoplasmic leaflet. The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the claudin family, is an integral membrane protein and a component of tight junction strands. Loss of function mutations result in neonatal ichthyosis-sclerosing cholangitis syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CLDN2 | claudin 2|This gene product belongs to the claudin protein family whose members have been identified as major integral membrane proteins localized exclusively at tight junctions. Claudins are expressed in an organ-specific manner and regulate tissue-specific physiologic properties of tight junctions. This protein is expressed in the intestine. Alternatively spliced transcript variants with different 5' untranslated region have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| CLDN3 | claudin 3|Tight junctions represent one mode of cell-to-cell adhesion in epithelial or endothelial cell sheets, forming continuous seals around cells and serving as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space. These junctions are comprised of sets of continuous networking strands in the outwardly facing cytoplasmic leaflet, with complementary grooves in the inwardly facing extracytoplasmic leaflet. The protein encoded by this intronless gene, a member of the claudin family, is an integral membrane protein and a component of tight junction strands. It is also a low-affinity receptor for Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin, and shares aa sequence similarity with a putative apoptosis-related protein found in rat. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CLDN4 | claudin 4|The protein encoded by this intronless gene belongs to the claudin family. Claudins are integral membrane proteins that are components of the epithelial cell tight junctions, which regulate movement of solutes and ions through the paracellular space. This protein is a high-affinity receptor for Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) and may play a role in internal organ development and function during pre- and postnatal life. This gene is deleted in Williams-Beuren syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting multiple systems. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| CLDN5 | claudin 5|This gene encodes a member of the claudin family. Claudins are integral membrane proteins and components of tight junction strands. Tight junction strands serve as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space between epithelial or endothelial cell sheets. Mutations in this gene have been found in patients with velocardiofacial syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| CLDN6 | claudin 6|Tight junctions represent one mode of cell-to-cell adhesion in epithelial or endothelial cell sheets, forming continuous seals around cells and serving as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space. These junctions are comprised of sets of continuous networking strands in the outwardly facing cytoplasmic leaflet, with complementary grooves in the inwardly facing extracytoplasmic leaflet. This gene encodes a component of tight junction strands, which is a member of the claudin family. The protein is an integral membrane protein and is one of the entry cofactors for hepatitis C virus. The gene methylation may be involved in esophageal tumorigenesis. This gene is adjacent to another family member CLDN9 on chromosome 16.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| CLDN7 | claudin 7|This gene encodes a member of the claudin family. Claudins are integral membrane proteins and components of tight junction strands. Tight junction strands serve as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space between epithelial or endothelial cell sheets, and also play critical roles in maintaining cell polarity and signal transductions. Differential expression of this gene has been observed in different types of malignancies, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, hepatocellular carcinomas, urinary tumors, prostate cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancers, thyroid carcinomas, etc.. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| RASGEF1C | RasGEF domain family, member 1C| |
| RASGEF1A | RasGEF domain family, member 1A| |
| FIGN | fidgetin| |
| LGALS7B | lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 7B|The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Differential and in situ hybridization studies indicate that this lectin is specifically expressed in keratinocytes and found mainly in stratified squamous epithelium. A duplicate copy of this gene (GeneID:3963) is found adjacent to, but on the opposite strand on chromosome 19. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RTN1 | reticulon 1|This gene belongs to the family of reticulon encoding genes. Reticulons are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, and are involved in neuroendocrine secretion or in membrane trafficking in neuroendocrine cells. This gene is considered to be a specific marker for neurological diseases and cancer, and is a potential molecular target for therapy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| SMYD4 | SET and MYND domain containing 4| |
| SMYD5 | SMYD family member 5| |
| MAGEB1 | melanoma antigen family B1|This gene is a member of the MAGEB gene family. The members of this family have their entire coding sequences located in the last exon, and the encoded proteins show 50 to 68% sequence identity to each other. The promoters and first exons of the MAGEB genes show considerable variability, suggesting that the existence of this gene family enables the same function to be expressed under different transcriptional controls. This gene is localized in the DSS (dosage-sensitive sex reversal) critical region, and expressed in testis and in a significant fraction of tumors of various histological types. This gene and other MAGEB members are clustered on chromosome Xp22-p21. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene, however, the full length nature of some variants has not been defined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAGEB6 | melanoma antigen family B6|This gene is a member of the MAGEB gene family. The members of this family have their entire coding sequences located in the last exon, and the encoded proteins show 50 to 68% sequence identity to each other. The promoters and first exons of the MAGEB genes show considerable variability, suggesting that the existence of this gene family enables the same function to be expressed under different transcriptional controls. This gene is expressed in testis, and in a significant fraction of tumors of various histological types. The MAGEB genes are clustered on chromosome Xp22-p21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SMYD1 | SET and MYND domain containing 1| |
| SMYD2 | SET and MYND domain containing 2|SET domain-containing proteins, such as SMYD2, catalyze lysine methylation (Brown et al., 2006 [PubMed 16805913]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2008] |
| SMYD3 | SET and MYND domain containing 3|This gene encodes a histone methyltransferase which functions in RNA polymerase II complexes by an interaction with a specific RNA helicase. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| RTN3 | reticulon 3|This gene belongs to the reticulon family of highly conserved genes that are preferentially expressed in neuroendocrine tissues. This family of proteins interact with, and modulate the activity of beta-amyloid converting enzyme 1 (BACE1), and the production of amyloid-beta. An increase in the expression of any reticulon protein substantially reduces the production of amyloid-beta, suggesting that reticulon proteins are negative modulators of BACE1 in cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, and pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 4 and 12. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| MRFAP1 | Morf4 family associated protein 1|This gene encodes an intracellular protein that interacts with members of the MORF4/MRG (mortality factor on chromosome 4/MORF4 related gene) family and the tumor suppressor Rb (retinoblastoma protein.) The protein may play a role in senescence, cell growth and immortalization. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| SERPIND1 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade D (heparin cofactor), member 1|The product encoded by this gene is a serine proteinase inhibitor which rapidly inhibits thrombin in the presence of dermatan sulfate or heparin. The gene contains five exons and four introns. This protein shares homology with antithrombin III and other members of the alpha 1-antitrypsin superfamily. Mutations in this gene are associated with heparin cofactor II deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IRF3 | interferon regulatory factor 3|This gene encodes a member of the interferon regulatory transcription factor (IRF) family. The encoded protein is found in an inactive cytoplasmic form that upon serine/threonine phosphorylation forms a complex with CREBBP. This complex translocates to the nucleus and activates the transcription of interferons alpha and beta, as well as other interferon-induced genes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| IRF2 | interferon regulatory factor 2|IRF2 encodes interferon regulatory factor 2, a member of the interferon regulatory transcription factor (IRF) family. IRF2 competitively inhibits the IRF1-mediated transcriptional activation of interferons alpha and beta, and presumably other genes that employ IRF1 for transcription activation. However, IRF2 also functions as a transcriptional activator of histone H4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IRF1 | interferon regulatory factor 1|IRF1 encodes interferon regulatory factor 1, a member of the interferon regulatory transcription factor (IRF) family. IRF1 serves as an activator of interferons alpha and beta transcription, and in mouse it has been shown to be required for double-stranded RNA induction of these genes. IRF1 also functions as a transcription activator of genes induced by interferons alpha, beta, and gamma. Further, IRF1 has been shown to play roles in regulating apoptosis and tumor-suppressoion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RDM1 | RAD52 motif containing 1|This gene encodes a protein involved in the cellular response to cisplatin, a drug commonly used in chemotherapy. The protein encoded by this gene contains two motifs: a motif found in RAD52, a protein that functions in DNA double-strand breaks and homologous recombination, and an RNA recognition motif (RRM) that is not found in RAD52. The RAD52 motif region in RAD52 is important for protein function and may be involved in DNA binding or oligomerization. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IRF6 | interferon regulatory factor 6|This gene encodes a member of the interferon regulatory transcription factor (IRF) family. Family members share a highly-conserved N-terminal helix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain and a less conserved C-terminal protein-binding domain. The encoded protein may be a transcriptional activator. Mutations in this gene can cause van der Woude syndrome and popliteal pterygium syndrome. Mutations in this gene are also associated with non-syndromic orofacial cleft type 6. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| IRF5 | interferon regulatory factor 5|This gene encodes a member of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family, a group of transcription factors with diverse roles, including virus-mediated activation of interferon, and modulation of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune system activity. Members of the IRF family are characterized by a conserved N-terminal DNA-binding domain containing tryptophan (W) repeats. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, and a 30-nt indel polymorphism (SNP rs60344245) can result in loss of a 10-aa segment. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| IRF4 | interferon regulatory factor 4|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the IRF (interferon regulatory factor) family of transcription factors, characterized by an unique tryptophan pentad repeat DNA-binding domain. The IRFs are important in the regulation of interferons in response to infection by virus, and in the regulation of interferon-inducible genes. This family member is lymphocyte specific and negatively regulates Toll-like-receptor (TLR) signaling that is central to the activation of innate and adaptive immune systems. A chromosomal translocation involving this gene and the IgH locus, t(6;14)(p25;q32), may be a cause of multiple myeloma. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| IRF9 | interferon regulatory factor 9| |
| IRF8 | interferon regulatory factor 8|Interferon consensus sequence-binding protein (ICSBP) is a transcription factor of the interferon (IFN) regulatory factor (IRF) family. Proteins of this family are composed of a conserved DNA-binding domain in the N-terminal region and a divergent C-terminal region that serves as the regulatory domain. The IRF family proteins bind to the IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) and regulate expression of genes stimulated by type I IFNs, namely IFN-alpha and IFN-beta. IRF family proteins also control expression of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta-regulated genes that are induced by viral infection. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM78A | family with sequence similarity 78, member A| |
| C6orf47 | chromosome 6 open reading frame 47| |
| SNX29 | sorting nexin 29| |
| SNX22 | sorting nexin 22|The protein encoded by this gene is a sorting nexin that is found in the cytoplasm, where it interacts with membrane-bound phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. The encoded protein may play a role in intracellular trafficking. Two transcript variants, one protein-coding and the other not protein-coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| CLK1 | CDC-like kinase 1|This gene encodes a member of the CDC2-like (or LAMMER) family of dual specificity protein kinases. In the nucleus, the encoded protein phosphorylates serine/arginine-rich proteins involved in pre-mRNA processing, releasing them into the nucleoplasm. The choice of splice sites during pre-mRNA processing may be regulated by the concentration of transacting factors, including serine/arginine rich proteins. Therefore, the encoded protein may play an indirect role in governing splice site selection. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| SNX20 | sorting nexin 20|SNX20 interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of PSGL1 (SELPLG; MIM 600738) and cycles PSGL1 into endosomes.[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2010] |
| CLK3 | CDC-like kinase 3|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the serine/threonine type protein kinase family. This protein is a nuclear dual-specificity kinase that regulates the intranuclear distribution of the serine/arginine-rich (SR) family of splicing factors. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Related pseudogenes are located on chromosomes 1 and 9. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CLK4 | CDC-like kinase 4|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the CDC2-like protein kinase (CLK) family. This protein kinase can interact with and phosphorylate the serine- and arginine-rich (SR) proteins, which are known to play an important role in the formation of spliceosomes, and thus may be involved in the regulation of alternative splicing. Studies in the Israeli sand rat Psammomys obesus suggested that the ubiquitin-like 5 (UBL5/BEACON), a highly conserved ubiquitin-like protein, may interact with and regulate the activity of this kinase. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed, but the full-length natures of which have not yet been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SNX27 | sorting nexin family member 27|This gene encodes a member of the sorting nexin family, a diverse group of cytoplasmic and membrane-associated proteins involved in endocytosis of plasma membrane receptors and protein trafficking through these compartments. All members of this protein family contain a phosphoinositide binding domain (PX domain). A highly similar protein in mouse is responsible for the specific recruitment of an isoform of serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor into early endosomes, suggesting the analogous role for the human protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADRBK2 | adrenergic, beta, receptor kinase 2|The beta-adrenergic receptor kinase specifically phosphorylates the agonist-occupied form of the beta-adrenergic and related G protein-coupled receptors. Overall, the beta adrenergic receptor kinase 2 has 85% amino acid similarity with beta adrenergic receptor kinase 1, with the protein kinase catalytic domain having 95% similarity. These data suggest the existence of a family of receptor kinases which may serve broadly to regulate receptor function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SNX25 | sorting nexin 25| |
| C16orf74 | chromosome 16 open reading frame 74| |
| CDCP1 | CUB domain containing protein 1|This gene encodes a transmembrane protein which contains three extracellular CUB domains and acts as a substrate for Src family kinases. The protein plays a role in the tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent regulation of cellular events that are involved in tumor invasion and metastasis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| RUNDC1 | RUN domain containing 1| |
| ONECUT2 | one cut homeobox 2|This gene encodes a member of the onecut family of transcription factors, which are characterized by a cut domain and an atypical homeodomain. The protein binds to specific DNA sequences and stimulates expression of target genes, including genes involved in melanocyte and hepatocyte differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ONECUT1 | one cut homeobox 1|This gene encodes a member of the Cut homeobox family of transcription factors. Expression of the encoded protein is enriched in the liver, where it stimulates transcription of liver-expressed genes, and antagonizes glucocorticoid-stimulated gene transcription. This gene may influence a variety of cellular processes including glucose metabolism, cell cycle regulation, and it may also be associated with cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| PIGT | phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class T|This gene encodes a protein that is involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis. The GPI-anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells and serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. This protein is an essential component of the multisubunit enzyme, GPI transamidase. GPI transamidase mediates GPI anchoring in the endoplasmic reticulum, by catalyzing the transfer of fully assembled GPI units to proteins. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| APC2 | adenomatosis polyposis coli 2| |
| NUPR1 | nuclear protein, transcriptional regulator, 1| |
| CNKSR3 | CNKSR family member 3| |
| PANX1 | pannexin 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the innexin family. Innexin family members are the structural components of gap junctions. This protein and pannexin 2 are abundantly expressed in central nerve system (CNS) and are coexpressed in various neuronal populations. Studies in Xenopus oocytes suggest that this protein alone and in combination with pannexin 2 may form cell type-specific gap junctions with distinct properties. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PANX2 | pannexin 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the innexin family. Innexin family members are the structural components of gap junctions. This protein and pannexin 1 are abundantly expressed in central nervous system (CNS) and are coexpressed in various neuronal populations. Studies in Xenopus oocytes suggest that this protein alone and in combination with pannexin 1 may form cell type-specific gap junctions with distinct properties. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| PANX3 | pannexin 3|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the innexin family. Innexin family members are known to be the structural components of gap junctions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FECH | ferrochelatase|The protein encoded by this gene is localized to the mitochondrion, where it catalyzes the insertion of the ferrous form of iron into protoporphyrin IX in the heme synthesis pathway. Mutations in this gene are associated with erythropoietic protoporphyria. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 3.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| SYVN1 | synovial apoptosis inhibitor 1, synoviolin|This gene encodes a protein involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation. The encoded protein removes unfolded proteins, accumulated during ER stress, by retrograde transport to the cytosol from the ER. This protein also uses the ubiquitin-proteasome system for additional degradation of unfolded proteins. Sequence analysis identified two transcript variants that encode different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| ZBTB11 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 11| |
| ZBTB10 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 10| |
| ZBTB17 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 17|This gene encodes a zinc finger protein involved in the regulation of c-myc. The symbol MIZ1 has also been associated with PIAS2 which is a different gene located on chromosome 18. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPL23 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L23|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. The gene is biallelically expressed, despite its location within a region of imprinted genes on chromosome 11. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZBTB14 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 14| |
| ZBTB18 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 18|This gene encodes a C2H2-type zinc finger protein which acts a transcriptional repressor of genes involved in neuronal development. The encoded protein recognizes a specific sequence motif and recruits components of chromatin to target genes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| TEX101 | testis expressed 101| |
| ADAP1 | ArfGAP with dual PH domains 1| |
| TMEM150C | transmembrane protein 150C| |
| ADAP2 | ArfGAP with dual PH domains 2| |
| ZNF641 | zinc finger protein 641| |
| MTO1 | mitochondrial tRNA translation optimization 1|This gene encodes a mitochondrial protein thought to be involved in mitochondrial tRNA modification. The encoded protein may also play a role in the expression of the non-syndromic and aminoglycoside-induced deafness phenotypes associated with a specific mutation in the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DDX19A | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 19A| |
| DDX19B | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 19B|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein, which exhibits RNA-dependent ATPase and ATP-dependent RNA-unwinding activities. This protein is recruited to the cytoplasmic fibrils of the nuclear pore complex, where it participates in the export of mRNA from the nucleus. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SGCZ | sarcoglycan, zeta|The zeta-sarcoglycan gene measures over 465 kb and localizes to 8p22. This protein is part of the sarcoglycan complex, a group of 6 proteins. The sarcoglycans are all N-glycosylated transmembrane proteins with a short intra-cellular domain, a single transmembrane region and a large extra-cellular domain containing a carboxyl-terminal cluster with several conserved cysteine residues. The sarcoglycan complex is part of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex (DGC), which bridges the inner cytoskeleton and the extra-cellular matrix. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KLHL10 | kelch-like family member 10| |
| KLHL11 | kelch-like family member 11| |
| ACVR2B | activin A receptor, type IIB|Activins are dimeric growth and differentiation factors which belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. Activins signal through a heteromeric complex of receptor serine kinases which include at least two type I (I and IB) and two type II (II and IIB) receptors. These receptors are all transmembrane proteins, composed of a ligand-binding extracellular domain with cysteine-rich region, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain with predicted serine/threonine specificity. Type I receptors are essential for signaling; and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. Type I and II receptors form a stable complex after ligand binding, resulting in phosphorylation of type I receptors by type II receptors. Type II receptors are considered to be constitutively active kinases. This gene encodes activin A type IIB receptor, which displays a 3- to 4-fold higher affinity for the ligand than activin A type II receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C3orf67 | chromosome 3 open reading frame 67| |
| KLHL14 | kelch-like family member 14| |
| KLHL15 | kelch-like family member 15|This gene encodes a member of the kelch-like family of proteins that share a common domain structure consisting of an N-terminal broad-complex, tramtrack, bric-a-brac/poxvirus and zinc finger domain and C-terminal kelch repeat motifs. The encoded protein may be involved in protein ubiquitination and cytoskeletal organization. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| KLHL17 | kelch-like family member 17|The protein encoded by this gene is expressed in neurons of most regions of the brain. It contains an N-terminal BTB domain, which mediates dimerization of the protein, and a C-terminal Kelch domain, which mediates binding to F-actin. This protein may play a key role in the regulation of actin-based neuronal function. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| KLHL18 | kelch-like family member 18| |
| GAB2 | GRB2-associated binding protein 2|This gene is a member of the GRB2-associated binding protein (GAB) gene family. These proteins contain pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, and bind SHP2 tyrosine phosphatase and GRB2 adapter protein. They act as adapters for transmitting various signals in response to stimuli through cytokine and growth factor receptors, and T- and B-cell antigen receptors. The protein encoded by this gene is the principal activator of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase in response to activation of the high affinity IgE receptor. Two alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| DAB2IP | DAB2 interacting protein|DAB2IP is a Ras (MIM 190020) GTPase-activating protein (GAP) that acts as a tumor suppressor. The DAB2IP gene is inactivated by methylation in prostate and breast cancers (Yano et al., 2005 [PubMed 15386433]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2010] |
| MRPL28 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L28|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein, a part of which was originally isolated by its ability to recognize tyrosinase in an HLA-A24-restricted fashion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIM68 | tripartite motif containing 68|This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif-containing protein family, whose members are characterized by a "really interesting new gene" (RING) finger domain, a zinc-binding B-box motif, and a coiled-coil region. Members of this family function as E3 ubiquitin ligases and are involved in a broad range of biological processes. This gene regulates the activation of nuclear receptors, such as androgen receptor, and has been implicated in development of prostate cancer cells, where its expression increases in response to a downregulation of microRNAs. In addition, this gene participates in viral defense regulation as a negative regulator of interferon-beta. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| TRIM69 | tripartite motif containing 69|This gene encodes a member of the RING-B-box-coiled-coil (RBCC) family and encodes a protein with an N-terminal RING finger motif, a PRY domain and a C-terminal SPRY domain. The mouse ortholog of this gene is specifically expressed in germ cells at the round spermatid stages during spermatogenesis and, when overexpressed, induces apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MTOR | mechanistic target of rapamycin (serine/threonine kinase)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a family of phosphatidylinositol kinase-related kinases. These kinases mediate cellular responses to stresses such as DNA damage and nutrient deprivation. This protein acts as the target for the cell-cycle arrest and immunosuppressive effects of the FKBP12-rapamycin complex. The ANGPTL7 gene is located in an intron of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| HIF1A | hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)|This gene encodes the alpha subunit of transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which is a heterodimer composed of an alpha and a beta subunit. HIF-1 functions as a master regulator of cellular and systemic homeostatic response to hypoxia by activating transcription of many genes, including those involved in energy metabolism, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and other genes whose protein products increase oxygen delivery or facilitate metabolic adaptation to hypoxia. HIF-1 thus plays an essential role in embryonic vascularization, tumor angiogenesis and pathophysiology of ischemic disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| UNG | uracil-DNA glycosylase|This gene encodes one of several uracil-DNA glycosylases. One important function of uracil-DNA glycosylases is to prevent mutagenesis by eliminating uracil from DNA molecules by cleaving the N-glycosylic bond and initiating the base-excision repair (BER) pathway. Uracil bases occur from cytosine deamination or misincorporation of dUMP residues. Alternative promoter usage and splicing of this gene leads to two different isoforms: the mitochondrial UNG1 and the nuclear UNG2. The UNG2 term was used as a previous symbol for the CCNO gene (GeneID 10309), which has been confused with this gene, in the literature and some databases. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| MUC5AC | mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming| |
| TRIM62 | tripartite motif containing 62| |
| TRIM63 | tripartite motif containing 63, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This gene encodes a member of the RING zinc finger protein family found in striated muscle and iris. The product of this gene is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that localizes to the Z-line and M-line lattices of myofibrils. This protein plays an important role in the atrophy of skeletal and cardiac muscle and is required for the degradation of myosin heavy chain proteins, myosin light chain, myosin binding protein, and for muscle-type creatine kinase. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| TRIM65 | tripartite motif containing 65| |
| TRIT1 | tRNA isopentenyltransferase 1| |
| OMG | oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein| |
| ITK | IL2-inducible T-cell kinase|This gene encodes an intracellular tyrosine kinase expressed in T-cells. The protein contains both SH2 and SH3 domains which are often found in intracellular kinases. It is thought to play a role in T-cell proliferation and differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OMD | osteomodulin| |
| PRCC | papillary renal cell carcinoma (translocation-associated)|This gene encodes a protein that may play a role in pre-mRNA splicing. Chromosomal translocations (X;1)(p11;q21) that result in fusion of this gene to TFE3 (GeneID 7030) have been associated with papillary renal cell carcinoma. A PRCC-TFE3 fusion protein is expressed in affected carcinomas and is likely associated with altered gene transactivation. This fusion protein has also been associated with disruption of the cell cycle.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| OMP | olfactory marker protein|Olfactory marker protein is uniquely associated with the mature olfactory receptor neurons in many vertebrate species from fish to man. The OMP gene structure and protein sequence are highly conserved between mouse, rat and human. Results of the mouse knockout studies show that OMP-null mice are compromised in their ability to respond to odor stimuli, and that OMP represents a novel modulatory component of the odor detection/signal transduction cascade. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF594 | zinc finger protein 594| |
| C2orf69 | chromosome 2 open reading frame 69| |
| C2orf68 | chromosome 2 open reading frame 68| |
| NRF1 | nuclear respiratory factor 1|This gene encodes a protein that homodimerizes and functions as a transcription factor which activates the expression of some key metabolic genes regulating cellular growth and nuclear genes required for respiration, heme biosynthesis, and mitochondrial DNA transcription and replication. The protein has also been associated with the regulation of neurite outgrowth. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Confusion has occurred in bibliographic databases due to the shared symbol of NRF1 for this gene and for "nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 1" which has an official symbol of NFE2L1. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| NKD1 | naked cuticle homolog 1 (Drosophila)|In the mouse, Nkd is a Dishevelled (see DVL1; MIM 601365)-binding protein that functions as a negative regulator of the Wnt (see WNT1; MIM 164820)-beta-catenin (see MIM 116806)-Tcf (see MIM 602272) signaling pathway.[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2003] |
| NAGPA | N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphodiester alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase|Hydrolases are transported to lysosomes after binding to mannose 6-phosphate receptors in the trans-Golgi network. This gene encodes the enzyme that catalyzes the second step in the formation of the mannose 6-phosphate recognition marker on lysosomal hydrolases. Commonly known as 'uncovering enzyme' or UCE, this enzyme removes N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residues from GlcNAc-alpha-P-mannose moieties and thereby produces the recognition marker. This reaction most likely occurs in the trans-Golgi network. This enzyme functions as a homotetramer of two disulfide-linked homodimers. In addition to having an N-terminal signal peptide, the protein's C-terminus contains multiple signals for trafficking it between lysosomes, the plasma membrane, and trans-Golgi network. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IGIP | IgA-inducing protein| |
| HABP2 | hyaluronan binding protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene is an extracellular serine protease that binds hyaluronic acid and is involved in cell adhesion. The encoded protein is synthesized as a single chain, but then undergoes an autoproteolytic event to form the functional heterodimer. Further autoproteolysis leads to smaller, inactive peptides. This protease is known to cleave urinary plasminogen activator, coagulation factor VII, and the alpha and beta chains of fibrinogen, but not prothrombin, plasminogen, or the gamma chain of fibrinogen. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| LCAT | lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase|This gene encodes the extracellular cholesterol esterifying enzyme, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase. The esterification of cholesterol is required for cholesterol transport. Mutations in this gene have been found to cause fish-eye disease as well as LCAT deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NDRG1 | N-myc downstream regulated 1|This gene is a member of the N-myc downregulated gene family which belongs to the alpha/beta hydrolase superfamily. The protein encoded by this gene is a cytoplasmic protein involved in stress responses, hormone responses, cell growth, and differentiation. The encoded protein is necessary for p53-mediated caspase activation and apoptosis. Mutations in this gene are a cause of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4D, and expression of this gene may be a prognostic indicator for several types of cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| ELN | elastin|This gene encodes a protein that is one of the two components of elastic fibers. The encoded protein is rich in hydrophobic amino acids such as glycine and proline, which form mobile hydrophobic regions bounded by crosslinks between lysine residues. Deletions and mutations in this gene are associated with supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) and autosomal dominant cutis laxa. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HIP1 | huntingtin interacting protein 1|The product of this gene is a membrane-associated protein that functions in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and protein trafficking within the cell. The encoded protein binds to the huntingtin protein in the brain; this interaction is lost in Huntington's disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| FAM192A | family with sequence similarity 192, member A| |
| TRDN | triadin|This gene encodes an integral membrane protein that contains a single transmembrane domain. As similar protein in rabbits plays a role in skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling as part of the calcium release complex in association with the ryanodine receptor. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene may be markers for IgA nephritis. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| SERTAD1 | SERTA domain containing 1| |
| SERTAD2 | SERTA domain containing 2| |
| SIN3A | SIN3 transcription regulator family member A|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional regulatory protein. It contains paired amphipathic helix (PAH) domains, which are important for protein-protein interactions and may mediate repression by the Mad-Max complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARAP3 | ArfGAP with RhoGAP domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 3|This gene encodes a phosphoinositide binding protein containing ARF-GAP, RHO-GAP, RAS-associating, and pleckstrin homology domains. The ARF-GAP and RHO-GAP domains cooperate in mediating rearrangements in the cell cytoskeleton and cell shape. It is a specific PtdIns(3,4,5)P3/PtdIns(3,4)P2-stimulated Arf6-GAP protein. An alternatively spliced transcript has been found for this gene, but its biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| BIK | BCL2-interacting killer (apoptosis-inducing)|The protein encoded by this gene shares a critical BH3 domain with other death-promoting proteins, such as BID, BAK, BAD and BAX, that is required for its pro-apoptotic activity, and for interaction with anti-apoptotic members of the BCL2 family, and viral survival-promoting proteins. Since the activity of this protein is suppressed in the presence of survival-promoting proteins, it is suggested as a likely target for anti-apoptotic proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| ARAP1 | ArfGAP with RhoGAP domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 1|The protein encoded by this gene contains SAM, ARF-GAP, RHO-GAP, ankyrin repeat, RAS-associating, and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. In vitro, this protein displays RHO-GAP and phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5) trisphosphate (PIP3)-dependent ARF-GAP activity. The encoded protein associates with the Golgi, and the ARF-GAP activity mediates changes in the Golgi and the formation of filopodia. It is thought to regulate the cell-specific trafficking of a receptor protein involved in apoptosis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| BID | BH3 interacting domain death agonist|This gene encodes a death agonist that heterodimerizes with either agonist BAX or antagonist BCL2. The encoded protein is a member of the BCL-2 family of cell death regulators. It is a mediator of mitochondrial damage induced by caspase-8 (CASP8); CASP8 cleaves this encoded protein, and the COOH-terminal part translocates to mitochondria where it triggers cytochrome c release. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been defined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PYGO2 | pygopus family PHD finger 2| |
| DPP6 | dipeptidyl-peptidase 6|This gene encodes a single-pass type II membrane protein that is a member of the peptidase S9B family of serine proteases. This protein has no detectable protease activity, most likely due to the absence of the conserved serine residue normally present in the catalytic domain of serine proteases. However, it does bind specific voltage-gated potassium channels and alters their expression and biophysical properties. Variations in this gene may be associated with susceptibility to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| GIN1 | gypsy retrotransposon integrase 1| |
| ASGR2 | asialoglycoprotein receptor 2|This gene encodes a subunit of the asialoglycoprotein receptor. This receptor is a transmembrane protein that plays a critical role in serum glycoprotein homeostasis by mediating the endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of glycoproteins with exposed terminal galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine residues. The asialoglycoprotein receptor may facilitate hepatic infection by multiple viruses including hepatitis B, and is also a target for liver-specific drug delivery. The asialoglycoprotein receptor is a hetero-oligomeric protein composed of major and minor subunits, which are encoded by different genes. The protein encoded by this gene is the less abundant minor subunit. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| TTPA | tocopherol (alpha) transfer protein|This gene encodes a soluble protein that binds alpha-trocopherol, a form of vitamin E, with high selectivity and affinity. This protein plays an important role in regulating vitamin E levels in the body by transporting vitamin E between membrane vesicles and facilitating the secretion of vitamin E from hepatocytes to circulating lipoproteins. Mutations in this gene cause hereditary vitamin E deficiency (ataxia with vitamin E deficiency, AVED) and retinitis pigmentosa. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| FBXL21 | F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 21 (gene/pseudogene)|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbls class and, in addition to an F-box, contains 6 tandem leucine-rich repeats. The amino acid sequence of this protein is highly similar to that of f-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 3A. Comparisons of this gene to orthologous sequences suggest that it may be a pseudogene, and may no longer express a functional protein.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| KLKB1 | kallikrein B, plasma (Fletcher factor) 1|Plasma prekallikrein is a glycoprotein that participates in the surface-dependent activation of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, kinin generation and inflammation. It is synthesized in the liver and secreted into the blood as a single polypeptide chain. Plasma prekallikrein is converted to plasma kallikrein by factor XIIa by the cleavage of an internal Arg-Ile bond. Plasma kallikrein therefore is composed of a heavy chain and a light chain held together by a disulphide bond. The heavy chain originates from the amino-terminal end of the zymogen and contains 4 tandem repeats of 90 or 91 amino acids. Each repeat harbors a novel structure called the apple domain. The heavy chain is required for the surface-dependent pro-coagulant activity of plasma kallikrein. The light chain contains the active site or catalytic domain of the enzyme and is homologous to the trypsin family of serine proteases. Plasma prekallikrein deficiency causes a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time in patients. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| THEM6 | thioesterase superfamily member 6| |
| ANKRD34A | ankyrin repeat domain 34A| |
| MBD2 | methyl-CpG binding domain protein 2|DNA methylation is the major modification of eukaryotic genomes and plays an essential role in mammalian development. Human proteins MECP2, MBD1, MBD2, MBD3, and MBD4 comprise a family of nuclear proteins related by the presence in each of a methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD). Each of these proteins, with the exception of MBD3, is capable of binding specifically to methylated DNA. MECP2, MBD1 and MBD2 can also repress transcription from methylated gene promoters. The protein encoded by this gene may function as a mediator of the biological consequences of the methylation signal. It is also reported that the this protein functions as a demethylase to activate transcription, as DNA methylation causes gene silencing. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| SRSF7 | serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 7|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the serine/arginine (SR)-rich family of pre-mRNA splicing factors, which constitute part of the spliceosome. Each of these factors contains an RNA recognition motif (RRM) for binding RNA and an RS domain for binding other proteins. The RS domain is rich in serine and arginine residues and facilitates interaction between different SR splicing factors. In addition to being critical for mRNA splicing, the SR proteins have also been shown to be involved in mRNA export from the nucleus and in translation. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| PYDC1 | PYD (pyrin domain) containing 1| |
| CYBB | cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide|Cytochrome b (-245) is composed of cytochrome b alpha (CYBA) and beta (CYBB) chain. It has been proposed as a primary component of the microbicidal oxidase system of phagocytes. CYBB deficiency is one of five described biochemical defects associated with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). In this disorder, there is decreased activity of phagocyte NADPH oxidase; neutrophils are able to phagocytize bacteria but cannot kill them in the phagocytic vacuoles. The cause of the killing defect is an inability to increase the cell's respiration and consequent failure to deliver activated oxygen into the phagocytic vacuole. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLN | sarcolipin|Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPases are transmembrane proteins that catalyze the ATP-dependent transport of Ca(2+) from the cytosol into the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells. This gene encodes a small proteolipid that regulates several sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPases. The transmembrane protein interacts with Ca(2+)-ATPases and reduces the accumulation of Ca(2+) in the sarcoplasmic reticulum without affecting the rate of ATP hydrolysis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPM1D | protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent, 1D|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the PP2C family of Ser/Thr protein phosphatases. PP2C family members are known to be negative regulators of cell stress response pathways. The expression of this gene is induced in a p53-dependent manner in response to various environmental stresses. While being induced by tumor suppressor protein TP53/p53, this phosphatase negatively regulates the activity of p38 MAP kinase, MAPK/p38, through which it reduces the phosphorylation of p53, and in turn suppresses p53-mediated transcription and apoptosis. This phosphatase thus mediates a feedback regulation of p38-p53 signaling that contributes to growth inhibition and the suppression of stress induced apoptosis. This gene is located in a chromosomal region known to be amplified in breast cancer. The amplification of this gene has been detected in both breast cancer cell line and primary breast tumors, which suggests a role of this gene in cancer development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CRHBP | corticotropin releasing hormone binding protein|Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a potent stimulator of synthesis and secretion of preopiomelanocortin-derived peptides. Although CRH concentrations in the human peripheral circulation are normally low, they increase throughout pregnancy and fall rapidly after parturition. Maternal plasma CRH probably originates from the placenta. Human plasma contains a CRH-binding protein which inactivates CRH and which may prevent inappropriate pituitary-adrenal stimulation in pregnancy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLK | STE20-like kinase| |
| HMHA1 | histocompatibility (minor) HA-1| |
| CIDEB | cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector b| |
| ACMSD | aminocarboxymuconate semialdehyde decarboxylase|The neuronal excitotoxin quinolinate is an intermediate in the de novo synthesis pathway of NAD from tryptophan, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders. Quinolinate is derived from alpha-amino-beta-carboxy-muconate-epsilon-semialdehyde (ACMS). ACMSD (ACMS decarboxylase; EC 4.1.1.45) can divert ACMS to a benign catabolite and thus prevent the accumulation of quinolinate from ACMS.[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2004] |
| PHYH | phytanoyl-CoA 2-hydroxylase|This gene is a member of the PhyH family and encodes a peroxisomal protein that is involved in the alpha-oxidation of 3-methyl branched fatty acids. Specifically, this protein converts phytanoyl-CoA to 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Refsum disease (RD) and deficient protein activity has been associated with Zellweger syndrome and rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRCP | prolylcarboxypeptidase (angiotensinase C)|The protein encoded by this gene is a lysosomal prolylcarboxypeptidase, which cleaves C-terminal amino acids linked to proline in peptides such as angiotension II, III and des-Arg9-bradykinin. The cleavage occurs at acidic pH, but the enzyme activity is retained with some substrates at neutral pH. This enzyme has been shown to be an activator of the cell matrix-associated prekallikrein. The importance of angiotension II, one of the substrates of this enzyme, in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance suggests that this gene may be related to essential hypertension. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPM1A | protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent, 1A|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the PP2C family of Ser/Thr protein phosphatases. PP2C family members are known to be negative regulators of cell stress response pathways. This phosphatase dephosphorylates, and negatively regulates the activities of, MAP kinases and MAP kinase kinases. It has been shown to inhibit the activation of p38 and JNK kinase cascades induced by environmental stresses. This phosphatase can also dephosphorylate cyclin-dependent kinases, and thus may be involved in cell cycle control. Overexpression of this phosphatase is reported to activate the expression of the tumor suppressor gene TP53/p53, which leads to G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NOTCH4 | notch 4|This gene encodes a member of the Notch family. Members of this Type 1 transmembrane protein family share structural characteristics including an extracellular domain consisting of multiple epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats, and an intracellular domain consisting of multiple, different domain types. Notch family members play a role in a variety of developmental processes by controlling cell fate decisions. The Notch signaling network is an evolutionarily conserved intercellular signaling pathway which regulates interactions between physically adjacent cells. In Drosophilia, notch interaction with its cell-bound ligands (delta, serrate) establishes an intercellular signaling pathway that plays a key role in development. Homologues of the notch-ligands have also been identified in human, but precise interactions between these ligands and the human notch homologues remain to be determined. This protein is cleaved in the trans-Golgi network, and presented on the cell surface as a heterodimer. This protein functions as a receptor for membrane bound ligands, and may play a role in vascular, renal and hepatic development. This gene may be associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia in a small portion of cases. An alternative splice variant has been described but its biological nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MEAF6 | MYST/Esa1-associated factor 6|This gene encodes a nuclear protein involved in transcriptional activation. The encoded protein may form a component of several different histone acetyltransferase complexes. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 2. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| SRSF2 | serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the serine/arginine (SR)-rich family of pre-mRNA splicing factors, which constitute part of the spliceosome. Each of these factors contains an RNA recognition motif (RRM) for binding RNA and an RS domain for binding other proteins. The RS domain is rich in serine and arginine residues and facilitates interaction between different SR splicing factors. In addition to being critical for mRNA splicing, the SR proteins have also been shown to be involved in mRNA export from the nucleus and in translation. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein and one non-coding transcript variant have been found for this gene. In addition, a pseudogene of this gene has been found on chromosome 11. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| AZIN1 | antizyme inhibitor 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the antizyme inhibitor family, which plays a role in cell growth and proliferation by maintaining polyamine homeostasis within the cell. Antizyme inhibitors are homologs of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, the key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis) that have lost the ability to decarboxylase ornithine; however, retain the ability to bind to antizymes. Antizymes negatively regulate intracellular polyamine levels by binding to ODC and targeting it for degradation, as well as by inhibiting polyamine uptake. Antizyme inhibitors function as positive regulators of polyamine levels by sequestering antizymes and neutralizing their effect. This gene encodes antizyme inhibitor 1, the first member of this gene family that is ubiquitously expressed, and is localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Overexpression of antizyme inhibitor 1 gene has been associated with increased proliferation, cellular transformation and tumorigenesis. Gene knockout studies showed that homozygous mutant mice lacking functional antizyme inhibitor 1 gene died at birth with abnormal liver morphology. RNA editing of this gene, predominantly in the liver tissue, has been linked to the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| LCA5 | Leber congenital amaurosis 5|This gene encodes a protein that is thought to be involved in centrosomal or ciliary functions. Mutations in this gene cause Leber congenital amaurosis type V. Alternatively spliced transcript variants are described. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| NOTCH2 | notch 2|This gene encodes a member of the Notch family. Members of this Type 1 transmembrane protein family share structural characteristics including an extracellular domain consisting of multiple epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats, and an intracellular domain consisting of multiple, different domain types. Notch family members play a role in a variety of developmental processes by controlling cell fate decisions. The Notch signaling network is an evolutionarily conserved intercellular signaling pathway which regulates interactions between physically adjacent cells. In Drosophilia, notch interaction with its cell-bound ligands (delta, serrate) establishes an intercellular signaling pathway that plays a key role in development. Homologues of the notch-ligands have also been identified in human, but precise interactions between these ligands and the human notch homologues remain to be determined. This protein is cleaved in the trans-Golgi network, and presented on the cell surface as a heterodimer. This protein functions as a receptor for membrane bound ligands, and may play a role in vascular, renal and hepatic development. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| ZNF467 | zinc finger protein 467| |
| EPHB6 | EPH receptor B6|This gene encodes a member of a family of transmembrane proteins that function as receptors for ephrin-B family proteins. Unlike other members of this family, the encoded protein does not contain a functional kinase domain. Activity of this protein can influence cell adhesion and migration. Expression of this gene is downregulated during tumor progression, suggesting that the protein may suppress tumor invasion and metastasis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| ZNF658 | zinc finger protein 658| |
| HTT | huntingtin|Huntingtin is a disease gene linked to Huntington's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of striatal neurons. This is thought to be caused by an expanded, unstable trinucleotide repeat in the huntingtin gene, which translates as a polyglutamine repeat in the protein product. A fairly broad range in the number of trinucleotide repeats has been identified in normal controls, and repeat numbers in excess of 40 have been described as pathological. The huntingtin locus is large, spanning 180 kb and consisting of 67 exons. The huntingtin gene is widely expressed and is required for normal development. It is expressed as 2 alternatively polyadenylated forms displaying different relative abundance in various fetal and adult tissues. The larger transcript is approximately 13.7 kb and is expressed predominantly in adult and fetal brain whereas the smaller transcript of approximately 10.3 kb is more widely expressed. The genetic defect leading to Huntington's disease may not necessarily eliminate transcription, but may confer a new property on the mRNA or alter the function of the protein. One candidate is the huntingtin-associated protein-1, highly expressed in brain, which has increased affinity for huntingtin protein with expanded polyglutamine repeats. This gene contains an upstream open reading frame in the 5' UTR that inhibits expression of the huntingtin gene product through translational repression. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF655 | zinc finger protein 655|This gene encodes a zinc finger protein. The zinc finger proteins are involved in DNA binding and protein-protein interactions. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TCTEX1D2 | Tctex1 domain containing 2| |
| MCU | mitochondrial calcium uniporter|This gene encodes a calcium transporter that localizes to the mitochondrial inner membrane. The encoded protein interacts with mitochondrial calcium uptake 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| TICAM2 | toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 2|TIRP is a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (IL1R; MIM 147810) (TIR) domain-containing adaptor protein involved in Toll receptor signaling (see TLR4; MIM 603030).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| CREB3L3 | cAMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 3|This gene encodes a member of the basic-leucine zipper family and the AMP-dependent transcription factor family. The encoded protein is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and acts as a transcription factor activated by cyclic AMP stimulation. The encoded protein binds the cyclic AMP response element (CRE) and the box-B element and has been linked to acute inflammatory response, hepatocellular carcinoma, triglyceride metabolism, and hepcidin expression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| VGLL3 | vestigial-like family member 3| |
| TCTEX1D4 | Tctex1 domain containing 4| |
| PPP1R42 | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 42| |
| FGFRL1 | fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family, where amino acid sequence is highly conserved between members and throughout evolution. FGFR family members differ from one another in their ligand affinities and tissue distribution. A full-length representative protein would consist of an extracellular region, composed of three immunoglobulin-like domains, a single hydrophobic membrane-spanning segment and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain. The extracellular portion of the protein interacts with fibroblast growth factors, setting in motion a cascade of downstream signals, ultimately influencing mitogenesis and differentiation. A marked difference between this gene product and the other family members is its lack of a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain. The result is a transmembrane receptor that could interact with other family members and potentially inhibit signaling. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same isoform have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HSF2 | heat shock transcription factor 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the HSF family of transcription factors that bind specifically to the heat-shock promoter element and activate transcription. Heat shock transcription factors activate heat-shock response genes under conditions of heat or other stresses. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| CRLF2 | cytokine receptor-like factor 2|This gene encodes a member of the type I cytokine receptor family. The encoded protein is a receptor for thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). Together with the interleukin 7 receptor (IL7R), the encoded protein and TSLP activate STAT3, STAT5, and JAK2 pathways, which control processes such as cell proliferation and development of the hematopoietic system. Rearrangement of this gene with immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IGH) on chromosome 14, or with P2Y purinoceptor 8 gene (P2RY8) on the same X or Y chromosomes is associated with B-progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and Down syndrome ALL. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| CRLF3 | cytokine receptor-like factor 3|This gene encodes a cytokine receptor-like factor that may negatively regulate cell cycle progression at the G0/G1 phase. Studies of the related rat protein suggest that it may regulate neuronal morphology and synaptic vesicle biogenesis. This gene is one of several genes located in the neurofibromatosis type I tumor suppressor region on the q arm of chromosome 17, a region that is subject to microdeletions, duplications, chromosomal breaks and rearrangements. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 2 and 5. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| CRLF1 | cytokine receptor-like factor 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytokine type I receptor family. The protein forms a secreted complex with cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 and acts on cells expressing ciliary neurotrophic factor receptors. The complex can promote survival of neuronal cells. Mutations in this gene result in Crisponi syndrome and cold-induced sweating syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| NISCH | nischarin|This gene encodes a nonadrenergic imidazoline-1 receptor protein that localizes to the cytosol and anchors to the inner layer of the plasma membrane. The orthologous mouse protein has been shown to influence cytoskeletal organization and cell migration by binding to alpha-5-beta-1 integrin. In humans, this protein has been shown to bind to the adapter insulin receptor substrate 4 (IRS4) to mediate translocation of alpha-5 integrin from the cell membrane to endosomes. Expression of this protein was reduced in human breast cancers while its overexpression reduced tumor growth and metastasis; possibly by limiting the expression of alpha-5 integrin. In human cardiac tissue, this gene was found to affect cell growth and death while in neural tissue it affected neuronal growth and differentiation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding differerent isoforms. Some isoforms lack the expected C-terminal domains of a functional imidazoline receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| PRPF4B | pre-mRNA processing factor 4B|Pre-mRNA splicing occurs in two sequential transesterification steps, and the protein encoded by this gene is thought to be involved in pre-mRNA splicing and in signal transduction. This protein belongs to a kinase family that includes serine/arginine-rich protein-specific kinases and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). This protein is regarded as a CDK-like kinase (Clk) with homology to mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SRSF8 | serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 8|This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins containing a ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-type RNA binding motif and a carboxyl-terminal arginine-serine-rich (RS) domain. The encoded protein functions as a pre-mRNA splicing factor. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 7. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| C7orf55 | chromosome 7 open reading frame 55| |
| RAPGEF5 | Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 5|Members of the RAS (see HRAS; MIM 190020) subfamily of GTPases function in signal transduction as GTP/GDP-regulated switches that cycle between inactive GDP- and active GTP-bound states. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), such as RAPGEF5, serve as RAS activators by promoting acquisition of GTP to maintain the active GTP-bound state and are the key link between cell surface receptors and RAS activation (Rebhun et al., 2000 [PubMed 10934204]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| RAPGEF6 | Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 6| |
| N4BP2L2 | NEDD4 binding protein 2-like 2| |
| RLN1 | relaxin 1|Relaxins are known endocrine and autocrine/paracrine hormones, belonging to the insulin gene superfamily. In humans there are three non-allelic relaxin genes, RLN1, RLN2 and RLN3, where RLN1 and RLN2 share high sequence homology. The protein encoded by this gene is synthesized as a single-chain polypeptide but the active form consists of an A chain and a B chain linked by disulfide bonds. Relaxin is produced by the ovary, and targets the mammalian reproductive system to ripen the cervix, elongate the pubic symphysis and inhibit uterine contraction. It may have additional roles in enhancing sperm motility, regulating blood pressure, controlling heart rate and releasing oxytocin and vasopressin. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| RAPGEF2 | Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 2|Members of the RAS (see HRAS; MIM 190020) subfamily of GTPases function in signal transduction as GTP/GDP-regulated switches that cycle between inactive GDP- and active GTP-bound states. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), such as RAPGEF2, serve as RAS activators by promoting acquisition of GTP to maintain the active GTP-bound state and are the key link between cell surface receptors and RAS activation (Rebhun et al., 2000 [PubMed 10934204]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| RAPGEF3 | Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 3| |
| COL11A1 | collagen, type XI, alpha 1|This gene encodes one of the two alpha chains of type XI collagen, a minor fibrillar collagen. Type XI collagen is a heterotrimer but the third alpha chain is a post-translationally modified alpha 1 type II chain. Mutations in this gene are associated with type II Stickler syndrome and with Marshall syndrome. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in this gene is also associated with susceptibility to lumbar disc herniation. Multiple transcript variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| ZNF384 | zinc finger protein 384|This gene encodes a C2H2-type zinc finger protein, which may function as a transcription factor. This gene also contains long CAG trinucleotide repeats that encode consecutive glutamine residues. The protein appears to bind and regulate the promoters of the extracellular matrix genes MMP1, MMP3, MMP7 and COL1A1. Studies in mouse suggest that nuclear matrix transcription factors (NP/NMP4) may be part of a general mechanical pathway that couples cell construction and function during extracellular matrix remodeling. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Recurrent rearrangements of this gene with the Ewing's sarcoma gene, EWSR1 on chromosome 22, or with the TAF15 gene on chromosome 17, or with the TCF3 (E2A) gene on chromosome 19, have been observed in acute leukemia. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 7. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011] |
| ZNF354A | zinc finger protein 354A| |
| ZNF382 | zinc finger protein 382|This gene encodes a KRAB domain zinc finger transcription factor (KZNF). KZNFs play critical roles in the regulation of many cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. The encoded protein inhibits activating protein 1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) signaling and may function as a tumor suppressor in multiple carcinomas. This gene is found in a cluster with other zinc finger protein genes on the long arm of chromosome 19, and alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| ZNF354C | zinc finger protein 354C| |
| ZNF354B | zinc finger protein 354B| |
| PARK7 | parkinson protein 7|The product of this gene belongs to the peptidase C56 family of proteins. It acts as a positive regulator of androgen receptor-dependent transcription. It may also function as a redox-sensitive chaperone, as a sensor for oxidative stress, and it apparently protects neurons against oxidative stress and cell death. Defects in this gene are the cause of autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson disease 7. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RORC | RAR-related orphan receptor C|The protein encoded by this gene is a DNA-binding transcription factor and is a member of the NR1 subfamily of nuclear hormone receptors. The specific functions of this protein are not known; however, studies of a similar gene in mice have shown that this gene may be essential for lymphoid organogenesis and may play an important regulatory role in thymopoiesis. In addition, studies in mice suggest that the protein encoded by this gene may inhibit the expression of Fas ligand and IL2. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RORB | RAR-related orphan receptor B|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the NR1 subfamily of nuclear hormone receptors. It is a DNA-binding protein that can bind as a monomer or as a homodimer to hormone response elements upstream of several genes to enhance the expression of those genes. The encoded protein has been shown to interact with NM23-2, a nucleoside diphosphate kinase involved in organogenesis and differentiation, and to help regulate the expression of some genes involved in circadian rhythm. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| RORA | RAR-related orphan receptor A|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the NR1 subfamily of nuclear hormone receptors. It can bind as a monomer or as a homodimer to hormone response elements upstream of several genes to enhance the expression of those genes. The encoded protein has been shown to interact with NM23-2, a nucleoside diphosphate kinase involved in organogenesis and differentiation, as well as with NM23-1, the product of a tumor metastasis suppressor candidate gene. Also, it has been shown to aid in the transcriptional regulation of some genes involved in circadian rhythm. Four transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| PARK2 | parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|The precise function of this gene is unknown; however, the encoded protein is a component of a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that mediates the targeting of substrate proteins for proteasomal degradation. Mutations in this gene are known to cause Parkinson disease and autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson disease. Alternative splicing of this gene produces multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Additional splice variants of this gene have been described but currently lack transcript support. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF479 | zinc finger protein 479| |
| NXPE3 | neurexophilin and PC-esterase domain family, member 3| |
| NXPE4 | neurexophilin and PC-esterase domain family, member 4| |
| ZNF471 | zinc finger protein 471| |
| ZNF473 | zinc finger protein 473| |
| DMTF1 | cyclin D binding myb-like transcription factor 1|This gene encodes a transcription factor that contains a cyclin D-binding domain, three central Myb-like repeats, and two flanking acidic transactivation domains at the N- and C-termini. The encoded protein is induced by the oncogenic Ras signaling pathway and functions as a tumor suppressor by activating the transcription of ARF and thus the ARF-p53 pathway to arrest cell growth or induce apoptosis. It also activates the transcription of aminopeptidase N and may play a role in hematopoietic cell differentiation. The transcriptional activity of this protein is regulated by binding of D-cyclins. This gene is hemizygously deleted in approximately 40% of human non-small-cell lung cancer and is a potential prognostic and gene-therapy target for non-small-cell lung cancer. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| MSMB | microseminoprotein, beta-|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunoglobulin binding factor family. It is synthesized by the epithelial cells of the prostate gland and secreted into the seminal plasma. This protein has inhibin-like activity. It may have a role as an autocrine paracrine factor in uterine, breast and other female reproductive tissues. The expression of the encoded protein is found to be decreased in prostate cancer. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms are described for this gene. The use of alternate polyadenylation sites has been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HLA-DQB2 | major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 2|HLA-DQB2 belongs to the family of HLA class II beta chain paralogs. Class II molecules are heterodimers consisting of an alpha (DQA) and a beta chain (DQB), both anchored in the membrane. They play a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). Polymorphisms in the alpha and beta chains specify the peptide binding specificity, and typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow transplantation. However this gene, HLA-DQB2, is not routinely typed, as it is not thought to have an effect on transplantation. There is conflicting evidence in the literature and public sequence databases for the protein-coding capacity of HLA-DQB2. Because there is evidence of transcription and an intact ORF, HLA-DQB2 is represented in Entrez Gene and in RefSeq as a protein-coding locus. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| KRTAP3-2 | keratin associated protein 3-2|This protein is a member of the keratin-associated protein (KAP) family. The KAP proteins form a matrix of keratin intermediate filaments which contribute to the structure of hair fibers. KAP family members appear to have unique, family-specific amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions and are subdivided into three multi-gene families according to amino acid composition: the high sulfur, the ultrahigh sulfur, and the high tyrosine/glycine KAPs. This protein is a member of the high sulfur KAP family and the gene is localized to a cluster of KAPs at 17q12-q21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MDM1 | Mdm1 nuclear protein homolog (mouse)|This gene encodes a nuclear protein similar to the mouse double minute 1 protein. The mouse gene is located in double minute (DM) chromatin particles, is amplified in the mouse transformed 3T3 cell line, and the encoded protein is able to bind to p53. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| MDM2 | MDM2 proto-oncogene, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This gene encodes a nuclear-localized E3 ubiquitin ligase. The encoded protein can promote tumor formation by targeting tumor suppressor proteins, such as p53, for proteasomal degradation. This gene is itself transcriptionally-regulated by p53. Overexpression or amplification of this locus is detected in a variety of different cancers. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 2. Alternative splicing results in a multitude of transcript variants, many of which may be expressed only in tumor cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| MDM4 | MDM4, p53 regulator|This gene encodes a nuclear protein that contains a p53 binding domain at the N-terminus and a RING finger domain at the C-terminus, and shows structural similarity to p53-binding protein MDM2. Both proteins bind the p53 tumor suppressor protein and inhibit its activity, and have been shown to be overexpressed in a variety of human cancers. However, unlike MDM2 which degrades p53, this protein inhibits p53 by binding its transcriptional activation domain. This protein also interacts with MDM2 protein via the RING finger domain, and inhibits the latter's degradation. So this protein can reverse MDM2-targeted degradation of p53, while maintaining suppression of p53 transactivation and apoptotic functions. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| ROR2 | receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor protein tyrosine kinase and type I transmembrane protein that belongs to the ROR subfamily of cell surface receptors. The protein may be involved in the early formation of the chondrocytes and may be required for cartilage and growth plate development. Mutations in this gene can cause brachydactyly type B, a skeletal disorder characterized by hypoplasia/aplasia of distal phalanges and nails. In addition, mutations in this gene can cause the autosomal recessive form of Robinow syndrome, which is characterized by skeletal dysplasia with generalized limb bone shortening, segmental defects of the spine, brachydactyly, and a dysmorphic facial appearance. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ROR1 | receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1|This gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor that modulates neurite growth in the central nervous system. The encoded protein is a glycosylated type I membrane protein that belongs to the ROR subfamily of cell surface receptors. It is a pseudokinase that lacks catalytic activity and may interact with the non-canonical Wnt signalling pathway. This gene is highly expressed during early embryonic development but expressed at very low levels in adult tissues. Increased expression of this gene is associated with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| SNRPD3 | small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D3 polypeptide 18kDa|This gene encodes a core component of the spliceosome, which is a nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex that functions in pre-mRNA splicing. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| SNRPD2 | small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D2 polypeptide 16.5kDa|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein core protein family. It is required for pre-mRNA splicing and small nuclear ribonucleoprotein biogenesis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| SNRPD1 | small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D1 polypeptide 16kDa|This gene encodes a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein that belongs to the SNRNP core protein family. The protein may act as a charged protein scaffold to promote SNRNP assembly or strengthen SNRNP-SNRNP interactions through nonspecific electrostatic contacts with RNA. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| GRK6 | G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6|This gene encodes a member of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor kinase subfamily of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. The protein phosphorylates the activated forms of G protein-coupled receptors thus initiating their deactivation. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLTM | SAFB-like, transcription modulator| |
| SFI1 | Sfi1 homolog, spindle assembly associated (yeast)| |
| SHANK2 | SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 2|This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the Shank family of synaptic proteins that may function as molecular scaffolds in the postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses. Shank proteins contain multiple domains for protein-protein interaction, including ankyrin repeats, and an SH3 domain. This particular family member contains a PDZ domain, a consensus sequence for cortactin SH3 domain-binding peptides and a sterile alpha motif. The alternative splicing demonstrated in Shank genes has been suggested as a mechanism for regulating the molecular structure of Shank and the spectrum of Shank-interacting proteins in the postsynaptic densities of the adult and developing brain. Alterations in the encoded protein may be associated with susceptibility to autism spectrum disorder. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| KLK1 | kallikrein 1|Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. This protein is functionally conserved in its capacity to release the vasoactive peptide, Lys-bradykinin, from low molecular weight kininogen. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CPB2 | carboxypeptidase B2 (plasma)|Carboxypeptidases are enzymes that hydrolyze C-terminal peptide bonds. The carboxypeptidase family includes metallo-, serine, and cysteine carboxypeptidases. According to their substrate specificity, these enzymes are referred to as carboxypeptidase A (cleaving aliphatic residues) or carboxypeptidase B (cleaving basic amino residues). The protein encoded by this gene is activated by trypsin and acts on carboxypeptidase B substrates. After thrombin activation, the mature protein downregulates fibrinolysis. Polymorphisms have been described for this gene and its promoter region. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| CPB1 | carboxypeptidase B1 (tissue)|Three different procarboxypeptidases A and two different procarboxypeptidases B have been isolated. The B1 and B2 forms differ from each other mainly in isoelectric point. Carboxypeptidase B1 is a highly tissue-specific protein and is a useful serum marker for acute pancreatitis and dysfunction of pancreatic transplants. It is not elevated in pancreatic carcinoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIT | v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog|This gene encodes the human homolog of the proto-oncogene c-kit. C-kit was first identified as the cellular homolog of the feline sarcoma viral oncogene v-kit. This protein is a type 3 transmembrane receptor for MGF (mast cell growth factor, also known as stem cell factor). Mutations in this gene are associated with gastrointestinal stromal tumors, mast cell disease, acute myelogenous lukemia, and piebaldism. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KPNA7 | karyopherin alpha 7 (importin alpha 8)| |
| CCM2L | cerebral cavernous malformation 2-like| |
| KPNA5 | karyopherin alpha 5 (importin alpha 6)|The transport of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells is mediated by the nuclear pore complex (NPC) which consists of 60-100 proteins and is probably 120 million daltons in molecular size. Small molecules (up to 70 kD) can pass through the nuclear pore by nonselective diffusion; larger molecules are transported by an active process. Most nuclear proteins contain short basic amino acid sequences known as nuclear localization signals (NLSs). KPNA5 protein belongs to the importin alpha protein family and is thought to be involved in NLS-dependent protein import into the nucleus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KPNA4 | karyopherin alpha 4 (importin alpha 3)|The nuclear import of karyophilic proteins is directed by short amino acid sequences termed nuclear localization signals (NLSs). Karyopherins, or importins, are cytoplasmic proteins that recognize NLSs and dock NLS-containing proteins to the nuclear pore complex. The protein encoded by this gene shares the sequence similarity with Xenopus importin-alpha and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Srp1. This protein is found to interact with the NLSs of DNA helicase Q1 and SV40 T antigen. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KPNA3 | karyopherin alpha 3 (importin alpha 4)|The transport of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells is mediated by the nuclear pore complex (NPC), which consists of 60-100 proteins. Small molecules (up to 70 kD) can pass through the nuclear pore by nonselective diffusion while larger molecules are transported by an active process. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the importin alpha family, and is involved in nuclear protein import. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| KIN | Kin17 DNA and RNA binding protein|The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear protein that forms intranuclear foci during proliferation and is redistributed in the nucleoplasm during the cell cycle. Short-wave ultraviolet light provokes the relocalization of the protein, suggesting its participation in the cellular response to DNA damage. Originally selected based on protein-binding with RecA antibodies, the mouse protein presents a limited similarity with a functional domain of the bacterial RecA protein, a characteristic shared by this human ortholog. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| EDAR | ectodysplasin A receptor|This gene encodes a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family. The encoded transmembrane protein is a receptor for the soluble ligand ectodysplasin A, and can activate the nuclear factor-kappaB, JNK, and caspase-independent cell death pathways. It is required for the development of hair, teeth, and other ectodermal derivatives. Mutations in this gene result in autosomal dominant and recessive forms of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARAF | A-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase|This proto-oncogene belongs to the RAF subfamily of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family, and maybe involved in cell growth and development. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| WDR91 | WD repeat domain 91| |
| REXO4 | REX4, RNA exonuclease 4 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| IFT43 | intraflagellar transport 43|This gene encodes a subunit of the intraflagellar transport complex A (IFT-A). IFT-A is a multiprotein complex that plays an important role in cilia assembly and maintenance by mediating retrograde ciliary transport. Mutations in this gene are a cause of cranioectodermal dysplasia-3 (CED3), also known as Sensenbrenner syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| CRP | C-reactive protein, pentraxin-related|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pentaxin family. It is involved in several host defense related functions based on its ability to recognize foreign pathogens and damaged cells of the host and to initiate their elimination by interacting with humoral and cellular effector systems in the blood. Consequently, the level of this protein in plasma increases greatly during acute phase response to tissue injury, infection, or other inflammatory stimuli. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| DVL2 | dishevelled segment polarity protein 2|This gene encodes a member of the dishevelled (dsh) protein family. The vertebrate dsh proteins have approximately 40% amino acid sequence similarity with Drosophila dsh. This gene encodes a 90-kD protein that undergoes posttranslational phosphorylation to form a 95-kD cytoplasmic protein, which may play a role in the signal transduction pathway mediated by multiple Wnt proteins. The mechanisms of dishevelled function in Wnt signaling are likely to be conserved among metazoans. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IFT46 | intraflagellar transport 46| |
| ERVFRD-1 | endogenous retrovirus group FRD, member 1|Many different human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) families are expressed in normal placental tissue at high levels, suggesting that HERVs are functionally important in reproduction. This gene is part of a human endogenous retrovirus provirus on chromosome 6 that has inactivating mutations in the gag and pol genes. This gene is the envelope glycoprotein gene which appears to have been selectively preserved. The gene's protein product plays a major role in placental development and trophoblast fusion. The protein has the characteristics of a typical retroviral envelope protein, including a cleavage site that separates the surface (SU) and transmembrane (TM) proteins which form a heterodimer. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| SPATA18 | spermatogenesis associated 18| |
| UNC119B | unc-119 homolog B (C. elegans)| |
| CRX | cone-rod homeobox|The protein encoded by this gene is a photoreceptor-specific transcription factor which plays a role in the differentiation of photoreceptor cells. This homeodomain protein is necessary for the maintenance of normal cone and rod function. Mutations in this gene are associated with photoreceptor degeneration, Leber congenital amaurosis type III and the autosomal dominant cone-rod dystrophy 2. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FRS3 | fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 3|This gene encodes a substrate for the fibroblast growth factor receptor. The encoded protein is found in the peripheral plasma membrane and links fibroblast growth factor receptor stimulation to activators of Ras. The encoded protein down-regulates extracellular regulated kinase 2 through direct binding. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| FRS2 | fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2| |
| TNFRSF17 | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 17|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor is preferentially expressed in mature B lymphocytes, and may be important for B cell development and autoimmune response. This receptor has been shown to specifically bind to the tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 13b (TNFSF13B/TALL-1/BAFF), and to lead to NF-kappaB and MAPK8/JNK activation. This receptor also binds to various TRAF family members, and thus may transduce signals for cell survival and proliferation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TNFRSF14 | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 14|This gene encodes a member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. The encoded protein functions in signal transduction pathways that activate inflammatory and inhibitory T-cell immune response. It binds herpes simplex virus (HSV) viral envelope glycoprotein D (gD), mediating its entry into cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| CRK | v-crk avian sarcoma virus CT10 oncogene homolog|This gene encodes a member of an adapter protein family that binds to several tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins. The product of this gene has several SH2 and SH3 domains (src-homology domains) and is involved in several signaling pathways, recruiting cytoplasmic proteins in the vicinity of tyrosine kinase through SH2-phosphotyrosine interaction. The N-terminal SH2 domain of this protein functions as a positive regulator of transformation whereas the C-terminal SH3 domain functions as a negative regulator of transformation. Two alternative transcripts encoding different isoforms with distinct biological activity have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CRH | corticotropin releasing hormone|Corticotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus in response to stress. Marked reduction in this protein has been observed in association with Alzheimer disease and autosomal recessive hypothalamic corticotropin deficiency has multiple and potentially fatal metabolic consequences including hypoglycemia and hepatitis. In addition to production in the hypothalamus, this protein is also synthesized in peripheral tissues, such as T lymphocytes and is highly expressed in the placenta. In the placenta it is a marker that determines the length of gestation and the timing of parturition and delivery. A rapid increase in circulating levels of the hormone occurs at the onset of parturition, suggesting that, in addition to its metabolic functions, this protein may act as a trigger for parturition. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| TTC30B | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 30B| |
| KIAA1429 | KIAA1429| |
| TNFRSF18 | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 18|This gene encodes a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. The encoded receptor has been shown to have increased expression upon T-cell activation, and it is thought to play a key role in dominant immunological self-tolerance maintained by CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells. Knockout studies in mice also suggest the role of this receptor is in the regulation of CD3-driven T-cell activation and programmed cell death. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| TNFRSF19 | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 19|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor is highly expressed during embryonic development. It has been shown to interact with TRAF family members, and to activate JNK signaling pathway when overexpressed in cells. This receptor is capable of inducing apoptosis by a caspase-independent mechanism, and it is thought to play an essential role in embryonic development. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GLDC | glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)|Degradation of glycine is brought about by the glycine cleavage system, which is composed of four mitochondrial protein components: P protein (a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent glycine decarboxylase), H protein (a lipoic acid-containing protein), T protein (a tetrahydrofolate-requiring enzyme), and L protein (a lipoamide dehydrogenase). The protein encoded by this gene is the P protein, which binds to glycine and enables the methylamine group from glycine to be transferred to the T protein. Defects in this gene are a cause of nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH).[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| QPCT | glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase|This gene encodes human pituitary glutaminyl cyclase, which is responsible for the presence of pyroglutamyl residues in many neuroendocrine peptides. The amino acid sequence of this enzyme is 86% identical to that of bovine glutaminyl cyclase. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PC | pyruvate carboxylase|This gene encodes pyruvate carboxylase, which requires biotin and ATP to catalyse the carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate. The active enzyme is a homotetramer arranged in a tetrahedron which is located exclusively in the mitochondrial matrix. Pyruvate carboxylase is involved in gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, insulin secretion and synthesis of the neurotransmitter glutamate. Mutations in this gene have been associated with pyruvate carboxylase deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants with different 5' UTRs, but encoding the same protein, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RTN4IP1 | reticulon 4 interacting protein 1|This gene encodes a novel mitochondrial protein that interacts with reticulon 4, which is a potent inhibitor of regeneration following spinal cord injury. The interaction of reticulon 4 with mitochondrial proteins may provide insight into the mechanisms for reticulon-induced inhibition of neurite growth. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRPV4 | transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4|This gene encodes a member of the OSM9-like transient receptor potential channel (OTRPC) subfamily in the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of ion channels. The encoded protein is a Ca2+-permeable, nonselective cation channel that is thought to be involved in the regulation of systemic osmotic pressure. Mutations in this gene are the cause of spondylometaphyseal and metatropic dysplasia and hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type IIC. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| B4GALT1 | UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1|This gene is one of seven beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT) genes. They encode type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that appear to have exclusive specificity for the donor substrate UDP-galactose; all transfer galactose in a beta1,4 linkage to similar acceptor sugars: GlcNAc, Glc, and Xyl. Each beta4GalT has a distinct function in the biosynthesis of different glycoconjugates and saccharide structures. As type II membrane proteins, they have an N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence that directs the protein to the Golgi apparatus and which then remains uncleaved to function as a transmembrane anchor. By sequence similarity, the beta4GalTs form four groups: beta4GalT1 and beta4GalT2, beta4GalT3 and beta4GalT4, beta4GalT5 and beta4GalT6, and beta4GalT7. This gene is unique among the beta4GalT genes because it encodes an enzyme that participates both in glycoconjugate and lactose biosynthesis. For the first activity, the enzyme adds galactose to N-acetylglucosamine residues that are either monosaccharides or the nonreducing ends of glycoprotein carbohydrate chains. The second activity is restricted to lactating mammary tissues where the enzyme forms a heterodimer with alpha-lactalbumin to catalyze UDP-galactose + D-glucose <=> UDP + lactose. The two enzymatic forms result from alternate transcription initiation sites and post-translational processing. Two transcripts, which differ only at the 5' end, with approximate lengths of 4.1 kb and 3.9 kb encode the same protein. The longer transcript encodes the type II membrane-bound, trans-Golgi resident protein involved in glycoconjugate biosynthesis. The shorter transcript encodes a protein which is cleaved to form the soluble lactose synthase. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| B4GALT3 | UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 3|This gene is one of seven beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT) genes. They encode type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that appear to have exclusive specificity for the donor substrate UDP-galactose; all transfer galactose in a beta1,4 linkage to similar acceptor sugars: GlcNAc, Glc, and Xyl. Each beta4GalT has a distinct function in the biosynthesis of different glycoconjugates and saccharide structures. As type II membrane proteins, they have an N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence that directs the protein to the Golgi apparatus and which then remains uncleaved to function as a transmembrane anchor. By sequence similarity, the beta4GalTs form four groups: beta4GalT1 and beta4GalT2, beta4GalT3 and beta4GalT4, beta4GalT5 and beta4GalT6, and beta4GalT7. This gene encodes an enzyme that may be mainly involved in the synthesis of the first N-acetyllactosamine unit of poly-N-acetyllactosamine chains. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| B4GALT2 | UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 2|This gene is one of seven beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT) genes. They encode type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that appear to have exclusive specificity for the donor substrate UDP-galactose; all transfer galactose in a beta1,4 linkage to similar acceptor sugars: GlcNAc, Glc, and Xyl. Each beta4GalT has a distinct function in the biosynthesis of different glycoconjugates and saccharide structures. As type II membrane proteins, they have an N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence that directs the protein to the Golgi apparatus and which then remains uncleaved to function as a transmembrane anchor. By sequence similarity, the beta4GalTs form four groups: beta4GalT1 and beta4GalT2, beta4GalT3 and beta4GalT4, beta4GalT5 and beta4GalT6, and beta4GalT7. The enzyme encoded by this gene synthesizes N-acetyllactosamine in glycolipids and glycoproteins. Its substrate specificity is affected by alpha-lactalbumin but it is not expressed in lactating mammary tissue. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| B4GALT5 | UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 5|This gene is one of seven beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT) genes. They encode type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that appear to have exclusive specificity for the donor substrate UDP-galactose; all transfer galactose in a beta1,4 linkage to similar acceptor sugars: GlcNAc, Glc, and Xyl. Each beta4GalT has a distinct function in the biosynthesis of different glycoconjugates and saccharide structures. As type II membrane proteins, they have an N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence that directs the protein to the Golgi apparatus and which then remains uncleaved to function as a transmembrane anchor. By sequence similarity, the beta4GalTs form four groups: beta4GalT1 and beta4GalT2, beta4GalT3 and beta4GalT4, beta4GalT5 and beta4GalT6, and beta4GalT7. The function of the enzyme encoded by this gene is not clear. This gene was previously designated as B4GALT4 but was renamed to B4GALT5. In the literature it is also referred to as beta4GalT2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NINL | ninein-like| |
| B4GALT7 | xylosylprotein beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 7|This gene is a member of the beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT) family. Family members encode type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that appear to have exclusive specificity for the donor substrate UDP-galactose. Each beta4GalT member has a distinct function in the biosynthesis of different glycoconjugates and saccharide structures. As type II membrane proteins, they have an N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence that directs the protein to the Golgi apparatus which then remains uncleaved to function as a transmembrane anchor. The enzyme encoded by this gene attaches the first galactose in the common carbohydrate-protein linkage (GlcA-beta1,3-Gal-beta1,3-Gal-beta1,4-Xyl-beta1-O-Ser) found in proteoglycans. This enzyme differs from other beta4GalTs because it lacks the conserved Cys residues found in beta4GalT1-beta4GalT6 and it is located in cis-Golgi instead of trans-Golgi. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the progeroid form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| B4GALT6 | UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 6|This gene is one of seven beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT) genes. They encode type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that appear to have exclusive specificity for the donor substrate UDP-galactose; all transfer galactose in a beta1,4 linkage to similar acceptor sugars: GlcNAc, Glc, and Xyl. Each beta4GalT has a distinct function in the biosynthesis of different glycoconjugates and saccharide structures. As type II membrane proteins, they have an N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence that directs the protein to the Golgi apparatus and which then remains uncleaved to function as a transmembrane anchor. By sequence similarity, the beta4GalTs form four groups: beta4GalT1 and beta4GalT2, beta4GalT3 and beta4GalT4, beta4GalT5 and beta4GalT6, and beta4GalT7. The enzyme encoded by this gene is a lactosylceramide synthase important for glycolipid biosynthesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FCN3 | ficolin (collagen/fibrinogen domain containing) 3|Ficolins are a group of proteins which consist of a collagen-like domain and a fibrinogen-like domain. In human serum, there are two types of ficolins, both of which have lectin activity. The protein encoded by this gene is a thermolabile beta-2-macroglycoprotein found in all human serum and is a member of the ficolin/opsonin p35 lectin family. The protein, which was initially identified based on its reactivity with sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, has been shown to have a calcium-independent lectin activity. The protein can activate the complement pathway in association with MASPs and sMAP, thereby aiding in host defense through the activation of the lectin pathway. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and two variants, each encoding a distinct isoform, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FCN2 | ficolin (collagen/fibrinogen domain containing lectin) 2|The product of this gene belongs to the ficolin family of proteins. This family is characterized by the presence of a leader peptide, a short N-terminal segment, followed by a collagen-like region, and a C-terminal fibrinogen-like domain. This gene is predominantly expressed in the liver, and has been shown to have carbohydrate binding and opsonic activities. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FCN1 | ficolin (collagen/fibrinogen domain containing) 1|The ficolin family of proteins are characterized by the presence of a leader peptide, a short N-terminal segment, followed by a collagen-like region, and a C-terminal fibrinogen-like domain. The collagen-like and the fibrinogen-like domains are also found separately in other proteins such as complement protein C1q, C-type lectins known as collectins, and tenascins. However, all these proteins recognize different targets, and are functionally distinct. Ficolin 1 encoded by FCN1 is predominantly expressed in the peripheral blood leukocytes, and has been postulated to function as a plasma protein with elastin-binding activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DHRS12 | dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 12|This gene encodes a member of the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family, which has over 46,000 members. Members in this family are enzymes that metabolize many different compounds, such as steroid hormones, prostaglandins, retinoids, lipids and xenobiotics. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants and protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| DHRS13 | dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 13| |
| SGOL1 | shugoshin-like 1 (S. pombe)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the shugoshin family of proteins. This protein is thought to protect centromeric cohesin from cleavage during mitotic prophase by preventing phosphorylation of a cohesin subunit. Reduced expression of this gene leads to the premature loss of centromeric cohesion, mis-segregation of sister chromatids, and mitotic arrest. Evidence suggests that this protein also protects a small subset of cohesin found along the length of the chromosome arms during mitotic prophase. An isoform lacking exon 6 has been shown to play a role in the cohesion of centrioles (PMID: 16582621 and PMID:18331714). Mutations in this gene have been associated with Chronic Atrial and Intestinal Dysrhythmia (CAID) syndrome, characterized by the co-occurrence of Sick Sinus Syndrome (SSS) and Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) within the first four decades of life (PMID:25282101). Fibroblast cells from CAID patients exhibited both increased cell proliferation and higher rates of senescence. Pseudogenes of this gene have been found on chromosomes 1 and 7. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015] |
| TRRAP | transformation/transcription domain-associated protein|This gene encodes a large multidomain protein of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related kinases (PIKK) family. The encoded protein is a common component of many histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes and plays a role in transcription and DNA repair by recruiting HAT complexes to chromatin. Deregulation of this gene may play a role in several types of cancer including glioblastoma multiforme. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| ALG13 | ALG13, UDP-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit|The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of a bipartite UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase. It heterodimerizes with asparagine-linked glycosylation 14 homolog to form a functional UDP-GlcNAc glycosyltransferase that catalyzes the second sugar addition of the highly conserved oligosaccharide precursor in endoplasmic reticulum N-linked glycosylation. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| RFX6 | regulatory factor X, 6|The nuclear protein encoded by this gene is a member of the regulatory factor X (RFX) family of transcription factors. Studies in mice suggest that this gene is specifically required for the differentiation of islet cells for the production of insulin, but not for the differentiation of pancreatic polypeptide-producing cells. It regulates the transcription factors involved in beta-cell maturation and function, thus, restricting the expression of the beta-cell differentiation and specification genes. Mutations in this gene are associated with Mitchell-Riley syndrome, which is characterized by neonatal diabetes with pancreatic hypoplasia, duodenal and jejunal atresia, and gall bladder agenesis.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| CR2 | complement component (3d/Epstein Barr virus) receptor 2|This gene encodes a membrane protein, which functions as a receptor for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) binding on B and T lymphocytes. Genetic variations in this gene are associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus type 9 (SLEB9). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| MAP1LC3B2 | microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta 2| |
| TOR4A | torsin family 4, member A| |
| TNFRSF1B | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1B|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This protein and TNF-receptor 1 form a heterocomplex that mediates the recruitment of two anti-apoptotic proteins, c-IAP1 and c-IAP2, which possess E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. The function of IAPs in TNF-receptor signalling is unknown, however, c-IAP1 is thought to potentiate TNF-induced apoptosis by the ubiquitination and degradation of TNF-receptor-associated factor 2, which mediates anti-apoptotic signals. Knockout studies in mice also suggest a role of this protein in protecting neurons from apoptosis by stimulating antioxidative pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LGMN | legumain|This gene encodes a cysteine protease that has a strict specificity for hydrolysis of asparaginyl bonds. This enzyme may be involved in the processing of bacterial peptides and endogenous proteins for MHC class II presentation in the lysosomal/endosomal systems. Enzyme activation is triggered by acidic pH and appears to be autocatalytic. Protein expression occurs after monocytes differentiate into dendritic cells. A fully mature, active enzyme is produced following lipopolysaccharide expression in mature dendritic cells. Overexpression of this gene may be associated with the majority of solid tumor types. This gene has a pseudogene on chromosome 13. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but the biological validity of only two has been determined. These two variants encode the same isoform. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TNFRSF1A | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1A|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This protein is one of the major receptors for the tumor necrosis factor-alpha. This receptor can activate NF-kappaB, mediate apoptosis, and function as a regulator of inflammation. Antiapoptotic protein BCL2-associated athanogene 4 (BAG4/SODD) and adaptor proteins TRADD and TRAF2 have been shown to interact with this receptor, and thus play regulatory roles in the signal transduction mediated by the receptor. Germline mutations of the extracellular domains of this receptor were found to be associated with the autosomal dominant periodic fever syndrome. The impaired receptor clearance is thought to be a mechanism of the disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM174B | family with sequence similarity 174, member B| |
| FAM174A | family with sequence similarity 174, member A| |
| CYP19A1 | cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and catalyzes the last steps of estrogen biosynthesis. Mutations in this gene can result in either increased or decreased aromatase activity; the associated phenotypes suggest that estrogen functions both as a sex steroid hormone and in growth or differentiation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| PTPN9 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 9|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains an N-terminal domain that shares a significant similarity with yeast SEC14, which is a protein that has phosphatidylinositol transfer activity and is required for protein secretion through the Golgi complex in yeast. This PTP was found to be activated by polyphosphoinositide, and is thought to be involved in signaling events regulating phagocytosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TBC1D17 | TBC1 domain family, member 17| |
| SPRN | shadow of prion protein homolog (zebrafish)| |
| SULT2B1 | sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 2B, member 1|Sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and xenobiotic compounds. These cytosolic enzymes are different in their tissue distributions and substrate specificities. The gene structure (number and length of exons) is similar among family members. This gene sulfates dehydroepiandrosterone but not 4-nitrophenol, a typical substrate for the phenol and estrogen sulfotransferase subfamilies. Two alternatively spliced variants that encode different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C12orf76 | chromosome 12 open reading frame 76| |
| GPD1L | glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1-like|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the conversion of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to glycerone phosphate. The encoded protein is found in the cytoplasm, associated with the plasma membrane, where it binds the sodium channel, voltage-gated, type V, alpha subunit (SCN5A). Defects in this gene are a cause of Brugada syndrome type 2 (BRS2) as well as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| QTRTD1 | queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase domain containing 1|This gene encodes a subunit of tRNA-guanine transglycosylase. tRNA-guanine transglycosylase is a heterodimeric enzyme complex that plays a critical role in tRNA modification by synthesizing the 7-deazaguanosine queuosine, which is found in tRNAs that code for asparagine, aspartic acid, histidine, and tyrosine. The encoded protein may play a role in the queuosine 5'-monophosphate salvage pathway. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| FBL | fibrillarin|This gene product is a component of a nucleolar small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particle thought to participate in the first step in processing preribosomal RNA. It is associated with the U3, U8, and U13 small nuclear RNAs and is located in the dense fibrillar component (DFC) of the nucleolus. The encoded protein contains an N-terminal repetitive domain that is rich in glycine and arginine residues, like fibrillarins in other species. Its central region resembles an RNA-binding domain and contains an RNP consensus sequence. Antisera from approximately 8% of humans with the autoimmune disease scleroderma recognize fibrillarin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SOGA3 | SOGA family member 3| |
| POLR2J2 | polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide J2|This gene is a member of the RNA polymerase II subunit 11 gene family, which includes three genes in a cluster on chromosome 7q22.1 and a pseudogene on chromosome 7p13. The founding member of this family, DNA directed RNA polymerase II polypeptide J, has been shown to encode a subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. This locus produces multiple, alternatively spliced transcripts that potentially express isoforms with distinct C-termini compared to DNA directed RNA polymerase II polypeptide J. Most or all variants are spliced to include additional non-coding exons at the 3' end which makes them candidates for nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Consequently, it is not known if this locus expresses a protein or proteins in vivo. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VMAC | vimentin-type intermediate filament associated coiled-coil protein| |
| C6orf211 | acidic residue methyltransferase 1| |
| WDYHV1 | WDYHV motif containing 1| |
| PAX2 | paired box 2|PAX2 encodes paired box gene 2, one of many human homologues of the Drosophila melanogaster gene prd. The central feature of this transcription factor gene family is the conserved DNA-binding paired box domain. PAX2 is believed to be a target of transcriptional supression by the tumor suppressor gene WT1. Mutations within PAX2 have been shown to result in optic nerve colobomas and renal hypoplasia. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| DOHH | deoxyhypusine hydroxylase/monooxygenase|This gene encodes a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the last step in the conversion of lysine to the unique amino acid hypusine in eukaryotic initiation factor 5A. The encoded protein hydroxylates deoxyhypusine to form hypusine in the mature eukaryotic initiation factor 5A protein. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| PTPN3 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This protein contains a C-terminal PTP domain and an N-terminal domain homologous to the band 4.1 superfamily of cytoskeletal-associated proteins. P97, a cell cycle regulator involved in a variety of membrane related functions, has been shown to be a substrate of this PTP. This PTP was also found to interact with, and be regulated by adaptor protein 14-3-3 beta. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| FAM96B | family with sequence similarity 96, member B| |
| PTPN2 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. Members of the PTP family share a highly conserved catalytic motif, which is essential for the catalytic activity. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. Epidermal growth factor receptor and the adaptor protein Shc were reported to be substrates of this PTP, which suggested the roles in growth factor mediated cell signaling. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found. Two highly related but distinctly processed pseudogenes that localize to chromosomes 1 and 13, respectively, have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| ARNTL2 | aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 2|This gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor belonging to the PAS (PER, ARNT, SIM) superfamily. The PAS proteins play important roles in adaptation to low atmospheric and cellular oxygen levels, exposure to certain environmental pollutants, and diurnal oscillations in light and temperature. This protein forms a transcriptionally active heterodimer with the circadian CLOCK protein, the structurally related MOP4, and hypoxia-inducible factors, such as HIF1alpha. Consistent with its role as a biologically relevant partner of circadian and hypoxia factors, this protein is coexpressed in regions of the brain such as the thalamus, hypothalamus, and amygdala. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| PTPN1 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1|The protein encoded by this gene is the founding member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family, which was isolated and identified based on its enzymatic activity and amino acid sequence. PTPs catalyze the hydrolysis of the phosphate monoesters specifically on tyrosine residues. Members of the PTP family share a highly conserved catalytic motif, which is essential for the catalytic activity. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP has been shown to act as a negative regulator of insulin signaling by dephosphorylating the phosphotryosine residues of insulin receptor kinase. This PTP was also reported to dephosphorylate epidermal growth factor receptor kinase, as well as JAK2 and TYK2 kinases, which implicated the role of this PTP in cell growth control, and cell response to interferon stimulation. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| EHMT1 | euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a histone methyltransferase that is part of the E2F6 complex, which represses transcription. The encoded protein methylates the Lys-9 position of histone H3, which tags it for transcriptional repression. This protein may be involved in the silencing of MYC- and E2F-responsive genes and therefore could play a role in the G0/G1 cell cycle transition. Defects in this gene are a cause of chromosome 9q subtelomeric deletion syndrome (9q-syndrome, also known as Kleefstra syndrome). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| EHMT2 | euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2|This gene is located in a gene cluster within the human major histocompatibility complex class III region on chromosome 6. This gene was thought to be two different genes, NG36 and G9a, adjacent to each other but recent publications show that there is only a single gene at this locus. The encoded protein is a histone methyltransferase, which may be involved in repression of transcription. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| ADIPOR2 | adiponectin receptor 2|The adiponectin receptors, ADIPOR1 (MIM 607945) and ADIPOR2, serve as receptors for globular and full-length adiponectin (MIM 605441) and mediate increased AMPK (see MIM 602739) and PPAR-alpha (PPARA; MIM 170998) ligand activities, as well as fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake by adiponectin (Yamauchi et al., 2003 [PubMed 12802337]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ADIPOR1 | adiponectin receptor 1|This gene encodes a protein which acts as a receptor for adiponectin, a hormone secreted by adipocytes which regulates fatty acid catabolism and glucose levels. Binding of adiponectin to the encoded protein results in activation of an AMP-activated kinase signaling pathway which affects levels of fatty acid oxidation and insulin sensitivity. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 14. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| PAX9 | paired box 9|This gene is a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. Members of this gene family typically contain a paired box domain, an octapeptide, and a paired-type homeodomain. These genes play critical roles during fetal development and cancer growth. The specific function of the paired box 9 gene is unknown but it may involve development of stratified squamous epithelia as well as various organs and skeletal elements. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HPRT1 | hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a transferase, which catalyzes conversion of hypoxanthine to inosine monophosphate and guanine to guanosine monophosphate via transfer of the 5-phosphoribosyl group from 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate. This enzyme plays a central role in the generation of purine nucleotides through the purine salvage pathway. Mutations in this gene result in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome or gout.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| NUDT18 | nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 18|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Nudix hydrolase family. Nudix hydrolases eliminate potentially toxic nucleotide metabolites from the cell and regulate the concentrations and availability of many different nucleotide substrates, cofactors, and signaling molecules. This protein contains a Nudix hydrolase domain and hydrolyzes oxidized forms of guanosine and deoxyguanosine diphosphates. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012] |
| NBPF20 | neuroblastoma breakpoint family, member 20|This gene is a member of the neuroblastoma breakpoint family (NBPF) which consists of dozens of recently duplicated genes primarily located in segmental duplications on human chromosome 1. This gene family has experienced its greatest expansion within the human lineage and has expanded, to a lesser extent, among primates in general. Members of this gene family are characterized by tandemly repeated copies of DUF1220 protein domains. Gene copy number variations in the human chromosomal region 1q21.1, where most DUF1220 domains are located, have been implicated in a number of developmental and neurogenetic diseases such as microcephaly, macrocephaly, autism, schizophrenia, mental retardation, congenital heart disease, neuroblastoma, and congenital kidney and urinary tract anomalies. Altered expression of some gene family members is associated with several types of cancer. This gene family contains numerous pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| PTPN6 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. N-terminal part of this PTP contains two tandem Src homolog (SH2) domains, which act as protein phospho-tyrosine binding domains, and mediate the interaction of this PTP with its substrates. This PTP is expressed primarily in hematopoietic cells, and functions as an important regulator of multiple signaling pathways in hematopoietic cells. This PTP has been shown to interact with, and dephosphorylate a wide spectrum of phospho-proteins involved in hematopoietic cell signaling. Multiple alternatively spliced variants of this gene, which encode distinct isoforms, have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MARK4 | MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4|This gene encodes a member of the microtubule affinity-regulating kinase family. These protein kinases phosphorylate microtubule-associated proteins and regulate the transition between stable and dynamic microtubules. The encoded protein is associated with the centrosome throughout mitosis and may be involved in cell cycle control. Expression of this gene is a potential marker for cancer, and the encoded protein may also play a role in Alzheimer's disease. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on both the short and long arm of chromosome 3. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| STOX1 | storkhead box 1|The protein encoded by this gene may function as a DNA binding protein. Mutations in this gene are associated with pre-eclampsia/eclampsia 4 (PEE4). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| MARK1 | MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 1| |
| MARK2 | MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 2|This gene encodes a member of the Par-1 family of serine/threonine protein kinases. The protein is an important regulator of cell polarity in epithelial and neuronal cells, and also controls the stability of microtubules through phosphorylation and inactivation of several microtubule-associating proteins. The protein localizes to cell membranes. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| MARK3 | MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 3|The protein encoded by this gene is activated by phosphorylation and in turn is involved in the phosphorylation of tau proteins MAP2 and MAP4. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| NDUFA10 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 10, 42kDa|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the complex I 42kDA subunit family. Mammalian complex I is the first enzyme complex in the electron transport chain of mitochondria. It is composed of 45 different subunits. This protein is a component of the hydrophobic protein fraction and has NADH dehydrogenase activity and oxidoreductase activity. It transfers electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| S100A4 | S100 calcium binding protein A4|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein may function in motility, invasion, and tubulin polymerization. Chromosomal rearrangements and altered expression of this gene have been implicated in tumor metastasis. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCDC11 | cilia and flagella associated protein 53| |
| IGBP1 | immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1|The proliferation and differentiation of B cells is dependent upon a B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) complex. Binding of antigens to specific B-cell receptors results in a tyrosine phosphorylation reaction through the BCR complex and leads to multiple signal transduction pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NUP54 | nucleoporin 54kDa|The nuclear envelope creates distinct nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments in eukaryotic cells. It consists of two concentric membranes perforated by nuclear pores, large protein complexes that form aqueous channels to regulate the flow of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. These complexes are composed of at least 100 different polypeptide subunits, many of which belong to the nucleoporin family. This gene encodes a member of the phe-gly (FG) repeat-containing nucleoporin subset. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| CD63 | CD63 molecule|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. The encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins. It may function as a blood platelet activation marker. Deficiency of this protein is associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Also this gene has been associated with tumor progression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| FOXF2 | forkhead box F2|FOXF2 encodes forkhead box F2, one of many human homologues of the Drosophila melanogaster transcription factor forkhead. FOXF2 is expressed in lung and placenta, and has been shown to transcriptionally activate several lung-specific genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD69 | CD69 molecule|This gene encodes a member of the calcium dependent lectin superfamily of type II transmembrane receptors. Expression of the encoded protein is induced upon activation of T lymphocytes, and may play a role in proliferation. Furthermore, the protein may act to transmit signals in natural killer cells and platelets. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| CD68 | CD68 molecule|This gene encodes a 110-kD transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed by human monocytes and tissue macrophages. It is a member of the lysosomal/endosomal-associated membrane glycoprotein (LAMP) family. The protein primarily localizes to lysosomes and endosomes with a smaller fraction circulating to the cell surface. It is a type I integral membrane protein with a heavily glycosylated extracellular domain and binds to tissue- and organ-specific lectins or selectins. The protein is also a member of the scavenger receptor family. Scavenger receptors typically function to clear cellular debris, promote phagocytosis, and mediate the recruitment and activation of macrophages. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcripts encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TPD52L2 | tumor protein D52-like 2|This gene encodes a member of the tumor protein D52-like family. These proteins are characterized by an N-terminal coiled-coil motif that is used to form homo- and heteromeric complexes with other tumor protein D52-like proteins. Expression of this gene may be a marker for breast cancer and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| TPD52L3 | tumor protein D52-like 3|This gene encodes a member of the tumor protein D52-like family of proteins. These proteins are characterized by an N-terminal coiled-coil motif that is used to form homo- and heteromeric complexes with other tumor protein D52-like proteins. The encoded protein may play a role in spermatogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| TERF2IP | telomeric repeat binding factor 2, interacting protein|The gene encodes a protein that is part of a complex involved in telomere length regulation. Pseudogenes are present on chromosomes 5 and 22. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| TPD52L1 | tumor protein D52-like 1|This gene encodes a member of the tumor protein D52 (TPD52) family. The encoded protein contains a coiled-coil domain and may form homo- or hetero-dimer with TPD52 family members. The protein is reported to be involved in cell proliferation and calcium signaling. It also interacts with the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 (MAP3K5/ASK1) and positively regulates MAP3K5-induced apoptosis. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed, but the full-length nature of some variants has not yet been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EFCAB11 | EF-hand calcium binding domain 11| |
| EFCAB14 | EF-hand calcium binding domain 14| |
| PSPN | persephin|The protein encoded by this gene is a neurotrophic factor, belonging to the GDNF family. Neurotrophic factors are important for the proper development and maintenance of the nervous system. These factors promote neuronal survival and can prevent the neuronal degeneration associated with injury, toxin exposure, or neurodegenerative disease. The encoded protein has amino acid similarity to its other family members, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and neurturin. This gene product promotes the survival of ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons in culture and prevents their degeneration after 6-hydroxydopamine treatment in vivo. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ISOC2 | isochorismatase domain containing 2| |
| ISOC1 | isochorismatase domain containing 1| |
| HSPA1B | heat shock 70kDa protein 1B|This intronless gene encodes a 70kDa heat shock protein which is a member of the heat shock protein 70 family. In conjuction with other heat shock proteins, this protein stabilizes existing proteins against aggregation and mediates the folding of newly translated proteins in the cytosol and in organelles. It is also involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway through interaction with the AU-rich element RNA-binding protein 1. The gene is located in the major histocompatibility complex class III region, in a cluster with two closely related genes which encode similar proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CAPSL | calcyphosine-like| |
| BTF3 | basic transcription factor 3|This gene encodes the basic transcription factor 3. This protein forms a stable complex with RNA polymerase IIB and is required for transcriptional initiation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. This gene has multiple pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACTR3B | ARP3 actin-related protein 3 homolog B (yeast)|This gene encodes a member of the actin-related proteins (ARP), which form multiprotein complexes and share 35-55% amino acid identity with conventional actin. The protein encoded by this gene may have a regulatory role in the actin cytoskeleton and induce cell-shape change and motility. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 2, 4, 10, 16, 22 and Y. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants and protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| WDR13 | WD repeat domain 13|This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by Gly-His and Trp-Asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. This gene is widely expressed in various tissues. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| WDR12 | WD repeat domain 12|This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. This protein is highly similar to the mouse WD repeat domain 12 protein at the amino acid level. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of a nucleolar protein complex that affects maturation of the large ribosomal subunit.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| WDR11 | WD repeat domain 11|This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. This gene is located in the chromosome 10q25-26 region, which is frequently deleted in gliomas and tumors of other tissues, and is disrupted by the t(10;19) translocation rearrangement in glioblastoma cells. The gene location suggests that it is a candidate gene for the tumor suppressor locus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM83H | family with sequence similarity 83, member H|The protein encoded by this gene plays an important role in the structural development and calcification of tooth enamel. Defects in this gene are a cause of amelogenesis imperfecta type 3 (AI3). [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| WDR17 | WD repeat domain 17|This gene encodes a WD repeat-containing protein. It is abundantly expressed in retina and testis, and is thought to be a candidate gene for retinal disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| ZNF705A | zinc finger protein 705A| |
| BRWD1 | bromodomain and WD repeat domain containing 1|This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD) residues which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. This protein contains 2 bromodomains and multiple WD repeats. This gene is located within the Down syndrome region-2 on chromosome 21. Alternative splicing of this gene generates multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. In mouse, this gene encodes a nuclear protein that has a polyglutamine-containing region that functions as a transcriptional activation domain which may regulate chromatin remodelling and associates with a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| GABPA | GA binding protein transcription factor, alpha subunit 60kDa|This gene encodes one of three GA-binding protein transcription factor subunits which functions as a DNA-binding subunit. Since this subunit shares identity with a subunit encoding the nuclear respiratory factor 2 gene, it is likely involved in activation of cytochrome oxidase expression and nuclear control of mitochondrial function. This subunit also shares identity with a subunit constituting the transcription factor E4TF1, responsible for expression of the adenovirus E4 gene. Because of its chromosomal localization and ability to form heterodimers with other polypeptides, this gene may play a role in the Down Syndrome phenotype. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| WDR18 | WD repeat domain 18|This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PF4 | platelet factor 4|This gene encodes a member of the CXC chemokine family. This chemokine is released from the alpha granules of activated platelets in the form of a homotetramer which has high affinity for heparin and is involved in platelet aggregation. This protein is chemotactic for numerous other cell type and also functions as an inhibitor of hematopoiesis, angiogenesis and T-cell function. The protein also exhibits antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium falciparum. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| LMF2 | lipase maturation factor 2| |
| LMF1 | lipase maturation factor 1|The protein encoded by this gene resides in the endoplasmic reticulum, and is involved in the maturation and transport of lipoprotein lipase through the secretory pathway. Mutations in this gene are associated with combined lipase deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| BMP15 | bone morphogenetic protein 15|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family which is part of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. The transforming growth factor-beta superfamily includes large families of growth and differentiation factors. It is thought that this protein may be involved in oocyte maturation and follicular development as a homodimer or by forming heterodimers with a related protein, Gdf9. Defects in this gene are the cause of ovarian dysgenesis 2.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| FAM204A | family with sequence similarity 204, member A| |
| TIMM9 | translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 9 homolog (yeast)|TIMM9 belongs to a family of evolutionarily conserved proteins that are organized in heterooligomeric complexes in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. These proteins mediate the import and insertion of hydrophobic membrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| C1orf216 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 216| |
| USP9X | ubiquitin specific peptidase 9, X-linked|This gene is a member of the peptidase C19 family and encodes a protein that is similar to ubiquitin-specific proteases. Though this gene is located on the X chromosome, it escapes X-inactivation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Turner syndrome. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| USP9Y | ubiquitin specific peptidase 9, Y-linked|This gene is a member of the peptidase C19 family. It encodes a protein that is similar to ubiquitin-specific proteases, which cleave the ubiquitin moiety from ubiquitin-fused precursors and ubiquitinylated proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| ZMYND12 | zinc finger, MYND-type containing 12| |
| WASL | Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome-like|This gene encodes a member of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) protein family. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome proteins share similar domain structure, and associate with a variety of signaling molecules to alter the actin cytoskeleton. The encoded protein is highly expressed in neural tissues, and interacts with several proteins involved in cytoskeletal organization, including cell division control protein 42 (CDC42) and the actin-related protein-2/3 (ARP2/3) complex. The encoded protein may be involved in the formation of long actin microspikes, and in neurite extension. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| PAEP | progestagen-associated endometrial protein|This gene is a member of the kernel lipocalin superfamily whose members share relatively low sequence similarity but have highly conserved exon/intron structure and three-dimensional protein folding. Most lipocalins are clustered on the long arm of chromosome 9. The encoded glycoprotein has been previously referred to as pregnancy-associated endometrial alpha-2-globulin, placental protein 14, and glycodelin, but has been officially named progestagen-associated endometrial protein. Three distinct forms, with identical protein backbones but different glycosylation profiles, are found in amniotic fluid, follicular fluid and seminal plasma of the reproductive system. These glycoproteins have distinct and essential roles in regulating a uterine environment suitable for pregnancy and in the timing and occurrence of the appropriate sequence of events in the fertilization process. A number of alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed at this locus, but the full-length nature of only two, each encoding the same protein, has been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM83B | family with sequence similarity 83, member B| |
| NOC4L | nucleolar complex associated 4 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| FAM83A | family with sequence similarity 83, member A| |
| ZMYND19 | zinc finger, MYND-type containing 19|ZMYND19 is a MYND zinc finger domain-containing protein that binds to the C terminus of melanin-concentrating hormone receptor-1 (MCHR1; MIM 601751) (Bachner et al., 2002 [PubMed 12208518]), and to the N termini of alpha-tubulin (TUBA1; MIM 191110), and beta-tubulin (TUBB; MIM 191130) (Francke et al., 2005 [PubMed 16039987]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CLEC3B | C-type lectin domain family 3, member B| |
| KRT33B | keratin 33B, type I|This gene encodes a member of the keratin gene family. This gene is one of multiple type I hair keratin genes that are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q12-q21 and have the same direction of transcription. As a type I hair keratin, the encoded protein is an acidic protein which heterodimerizes with type II keratins to form hair and nails. There are two isoforms of this protein, encoded by two separate genes, keratin 33A and keratin 33B. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| KRT33A | keratin 33A, type I|This gene encodes a member of the keratin gene family. This gene is one of multiple type I hair keratin genes that are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q12-q21 and have the same direction of transcription. As a type I hair keratin, the encoded protein is an acidic protein which heterodimerizes with type II keratins to form hair and nails. There are two isoforms of this protein, encoded by two separate genes, keratin 33A and keratin 33B. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| ZNF337 | zinc finger protein 337|This gene encodes a zinc finger domain containing protein. The function of this protein has yet to be determined. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| AMBP | alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor|This gene encodes a complex glycoprotein secreted in plasma. The precursor is proteolytically processed into distinct functioning proteins: alpha-1-microglobulin, which belongs to the superfamily of lipocalin transport proteins and may play a role in the regulation of inflammatory processes, and bikunin, which is a urinary trypsin inhibitor belonging to the superfamily of Kunitz-type protease inhibitors and plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. This gene is located on chromosome 9 in a cluster of lipocalin genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZFP42 | ZFP42 zinc finger protein| |
| FAM83D | family with sequence similarity 83, member D| |
| VSX2 | visual system homeobox 2|This gene encodes a homeobox protein originally described as a retina-specific transcription factor. Mutations in this gene are associated with microphthalmia, cataracts and iris abnormalities. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| MAD2L1BP | MAD2L1 binding protein|The protein encoded by this gene was identified as a binding protein of the MAD2 mitotic arrest deficient-like 1 (MAD2/MAD2L1). MAD2 is a key component of the spindle checkpoint that delays the onset of anaphase until all the kinetochores are attached to the spindle. This protein may interact with the spindle checkpoint and coordinate cell cycle events in late mitosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HSPB6 | heat shock protein, alpha-crystallin-related, B6|This locus encodes a heat shock protein. The encoded protein likely plays a role in smooth muscle relaxation. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| HSPB7 | heat shock 27kDa protein family, member 7 (cardiovascular)| |
| C10orf35 | chromosome 10 open reading frame 35| |
| C10orf32 | chromosome 10 open reading frame 32| |
| HSPB3 | heat shock 27kDa protein 3|This gene encodes a muscle-specific small heat shock protein. A mutation in this gene is the cause of autosomal dominant distal hereditary motor neuropathy type 2C.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| HSPB1 | heat shock 27kDa protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene is induced by environmental stress and developmental changes. The encoded protein is involved in stress resistance and actin organization and translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus upon stress induction. Defects in this gene are a cause of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2F (CMT2F) and distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| PKN1 | protein kinase N1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the protein kinase C superfamily. This kinase is activated by Rho family of small G proteins and may mediate the Rho-dependent signaling pathway. This kinase can be activated by phospholipids and by limited proteolysis. The 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1 (PDPK1/PDK1) is reported to phosphorylate this kinase, which may mediate insulin signals to the actin cytoskeleton. The proteolytic activation of this kinase by caspase-3 or related proteases during apoptosis suggests its role in signal transduction related to apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PKN3 | protein kinase N3| |
| PKN2 | protein kinase N2| |
| HSPB8 | heat shock 22kDa protein 8|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the superfamily of small heat-shock proteins containing a conservative alpha-crystallin domain at the C-terminal part of the molecule. The expression of this gene in induced by estrogen in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells, and this protein also functions as a chaperone in association with Bag3, a stimulator of macroautophagy. Thus, this gene appears to be involved in regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis, and mutations in this gene have been associated with different neuromuscular diseases, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HSPB9 | heat shock protein, alpha-crystallin-related, B9| |
| TPH1 | tryptophan hydroxylase 1|This gene encodes a member of the aromatic amino acid hydroxylase family. The encoded protein catalyzes the first and rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of serotonin, an important hormone and neurotransmitter. Mutations in this gene have been associated with an elevated risk for a variety of diseases and disorders, including schizophrenia, somatic anxiety, anger-related traits, bipolar disorder, suicidal behavior, addictions, and others.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| IDH3B | isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (NAD+) beta|Isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate. These enzymes belong to two distinct subclasses, one of which utilizes NAD(+) as the electron acceptor and the other NADP(+). Five isocitrate dehydrogenases have been reported: three NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, which localize to the mitochondrial matrix, and two NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, one of which is mitochondrial and the other predominantly cytosolic. NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the allosterically regulated rate-limiting step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Each isozyme is a heterotetramer that is composed of two alpha subunits, one beta subunit, and one gamma subunit. The protein encoded by this gene is the beta subunit of one isozyme of NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RHOBTB2 | Rho-related BTB domain containing 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a small Rho GTPase and a candidate tumor suppressor. The encoded protein interacts with the cullin-3 protein, a ubiquitin E3 ligase necessary for mitotic cell division. This protein inhibits the growth and spread of some types of breast cancer. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| RHOBTB3 | Rho-related BTB domain containing 3|RHOBTB3 is a member of the evolutionarily conserved RHOBTB subfamily of Rho GTPases. For background information on RHOBTBs, see RHOBTB1 (MIM 607351).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| RHOBTB1 | Rho-related BTB domain containing 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Rho family of the small GTPase superfamily. It contains a GTPase domain, a proline-rich region, a tandem of 2 BTB (broad complex, tramtrack, and bric-a-brac) domains, and a conserved C-terminal region. The protein plays a role in small GTPase-mediated signal transduction and the organization of the actin filament system. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| INO80D | INO80 complex subunit D| |
| INO80E | INO80 complex subunit E| |
| INO80B | INO80 complex subunit B|This gene encodes a subunit of an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex, INO80, which plays a role in DNA and nucleosome-activated ATPase activity and ATP-dependent nucleosome sliding. Readthrough transcription of this gene into the neighboring downstream gene, which encodes WW domain-binding protein 1, generates a non-coding transcript. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| INO80C | INO80 complex subunit C| |
| DIS3L2 | DIS3 like 3'-5' exoribonuclease 2|The protein encoded by this gene is similar in sequence to 3'/5' exonucleolytic subunits of the RNA exosome. The exosome is a large multimeric ribonucleotide complex responsible for degrading various RNA substrates. Several transcript variants, some protein-coding and some not, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| HRG | histidine-rich glycoprotein|This histidine-rich glycoprotein contains two cystatin-like domains and is located in plasma and platelets. The physiological function has not been determined but it is known that the protein binds heme, dyes and divalent metal ions. The encoded protein also has a peptide that displays antimicrobial activity against C. albicans, E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. faecalis. It can inhibit rosette formation and interacts with heparin, thrombospondin and plasminogen. Two of the protein's effects, the inhibition of fibrinolysis and the reduction of inhibition of coagulation, indicate a potential prothrombotic effect. Mutations in this gene lead to thrombophilia due to abnormal histidine-rich glycoprotein levels. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| FAM43B | family with sequence similarity 43, member B| |
| EYS | eyes shut homolog (Drosophila)|The product of this gene contains multiple epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like and LamG domains. The protein is expressed in the photoreceptor layer of the retina, and the gene is mutated in autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| EPB41L1 | erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 1|Erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 (EPB41) is a multifunctional protein that mediates interactions between the erythrocyte cytoskeleton and the overlying plasma membrane. The encoded protein binds and stabilizes D2 and D3 dopamine receptors at the neuronal plasma membrane. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| PLOD2 | procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane-bound homodimeric enzyme that is localized to the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The enzyme (cofactors iron and ascorbate) catalyzes the hydroxylation of lysyl residues in collagen-like peptides. The resultant hydroxylysyl groups are attachment sites for carbohydrates in collagen and thus are critical for the stability of intermolecular crosslinks. Some patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VIB have deficiencies in lysyl hydroxylase activity. Mutations in the coding region of this gene are associated with Bruck syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LPL | lipoprotein lipase|LPL encodes lipoprotein lipase, which is expressed in heart, muscle, and adipose tissue. LPL functions as a homodimer, and has the dual functions of triglyceride hydrolase and ligand/bridging factor for receptor-mediated lipoprotein uptake. Severe mutations that cause LPL deficiency result in type I hyperlipoproteinemia, while less extreme mutations in LPL are linked to many disorders of lipoprotein metabolism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLOD3 | procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane-bound homodimeric enzyme that is localized to the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The enzyme (cofactors iron and ascorbate) catalyzes the hydroxylation of lysyl residues in collagen-like peptides. The resultant hydroxylysyl groups are attachment sites for carbohydrates in collagen and thus are critical for the stability of intermolecular crosslinks. Some patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VIB have deficiencies in lysyl hydroxylase activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HDAC7 | histone deacetylase 7|Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene has sequence homology to members of the histone deacetylase family. This gene is orthologous to mouse HDAC7 gene whose protein promotes repression mediated via the transcriptional corepressor SMRT. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNE2 | potassium channel, voltage gated subfamily E regulatory beta subunit 2|Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, isk-related subfamily. This member is a small integral membrane subunit that assembles with the KCNH2 gene product, a pore-forming protein, to alter its function. This gene is expressed in heart and muscle and the gene mutations are associated with cardiac arrhythmia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNE3 | potassium channel, voltage gated subfamily E regulatory beta subunit 3|Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, isk-related subfamily. This member is a type I membrane protein, and a beta subunit that assembles with a potassium channel alpha-subunit to modulate the gating kinetics and enhance stability of the multimeric complex. This gene is prominently expressed in the kidney. A missense mutation in this gene is associated with hypokalemic periodic paralysis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NGDN | neuroguidin, EIF4E binding protein|Neuroguidin is an EIF4E (MIM 133440)-binding protein that interacts with CPEB (MIM 607342) and functions as a translational regulatory protein during development of the vertebrate nervous system (Jung et al., 2006 [PubMed 16705177]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| FAM124B | family with sequence similarity 124B| |
| ERBB2IP | erbb2 interacting protein|This gene is a member of the leucine-rich repeat and PDZ domain (LAP) family. The encoded protein contains 17 leucine-rich repeats and one PDZ domain. It binds to the unphosphorylated form of the ERBB2 protein and regulates ERBB2 function and localization. It has also been shown to affect the Ras signaling pathway by disrupting Ras-Raf interaction. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| KCNE4 | potassium channel, voltage gated subfamily E regulatory beta subunit 4|Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, isk-related subfamily. This member is a type I membrane protein, and a beta subunit that assembles with a potassium channel alpha-subunit to modulate the gating kinetics and enhance stability of the multimeric complex. This gene is prominently expressed in the embryo and in adult uterus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM124A | family with sequence similarity 124A| |
| PIGS | phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class S|This gene encodes a protein that is involved in GPI-anchor biosynthesis. The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells and serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. This gene encodes an essential component of the multisubunit enzyme, GPI transamidase. GPI transamidase mediates GPI anchoring in the endoplasmic reticulum, by catalyzing the transfer of fully assembled GPI units to proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LDLRAD1 | low density lipoprotein receptor class A domain containing 1| |
| LDLRAD3 | low density lipoprotein receptor class A domain containing 3| |
| HPCA | hippocalcin|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of neuron-specific calcium-binding proteins family found in the retina and brain. This protein is associated with the plasma membrane. It has similarities to proteins located in the photoreceptor cells that regulate photosignal transduction in a calcium-sensitive manner. This protein displays recoverin activity and a calcium-dependent inhibition of rhodopsin kinase. It is identical to the rat and mouse hippocalcin proteins and thought to play an important role in neurons of the central nervous system in a number of species. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PBXIP1 | pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox interacting protein 1| |
| FUOM | fucose mutarotase| |
| DNASE1 | deoxyribonuclease I|This gene encodes a member of the DNase family. This protein is stored in the zymogen granules of the nuclear envelope and functions by cleaving DNA in an endonucleolytic manner. At least six autosomal codominant alleles have been characterized, DNASE1*1 through DNASE1*6, and the sequence of DNASE1*2 represented in this record. Mutations in this gene have been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease. A recombinant form of this protein is used to treat the one of the symptoms of cystic fibrosis by hydrolyzing the extracellular DNA in sputum and reducing its viscosity. Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene have been observed but have not been thoroughly characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NAV1 | neuron navigator 1|This gene belongs to the neuron navigator family and is expressed predominantly in the nervous system. The encoded protein contains coiled-coil domains and a conserved AAA domain characteristic for ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities. This gene is similar to unc-53, a Caenorhabditis elegans gene involved in axon guidance. The exact function of this gene is not known, but it is thought to play a role in in neuronal development and regeneration. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| CSNK1D | casein kinase 1, delta|This gene is a member of the casein kinase I (CKI) gene family whose members have been implicated in the control of cytoplasmic and nuclear processes, including DNA replication and repair. The encoded protein may also be involved in the regulation of apoptosis, circadian rhythm, microtubule dynamics, chromosome segregation, and p53-mediated effects on growth. The encoded protein is highly similar to the mouse and rat CK1 delta homologs. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| CSNK1E | casein kinase 1, epsilon|The protein encoded by this gene is a serine/threonine protein kinase and a member of the casein kinase I protein family, whose members have been implicated in the control of cytoplasmic and nuclear processes, including DNA replication and repair. The encoded protein is found in the cytoplasm as a monomer and can phosphorylate a variety of proteins, including itself. This protein has been shown to phosphorylate period, a circadian rhythm protein. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| LIG1 | ligase I, DNA, ATP-dependent|This gene encodes a member of the ATP-dependent DNA ligase protein family. The encoded protein functions in DNA replication, recombination, and the base excision repair process. Mutations in this gene that lead to DNA ligase I deficiency result in immunodeficiency and increased sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. Disruption of this gene may also be associated with a variety of cancers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| BDP1 | B double prime 1, subunit of RNA polymerase III transcription initiation factor IIIB|The product of this gene is a subunit of the TFIIIB transcription initiation complex, which recruits RNA polymerase III to target promoters in order to initiate transcription. The encoded protein localizes to concentrated aggregates in the nucleus, and is required for transcription from all three types of polymerase III promoters. It is phosphorylated by casein kinase II during mitosis, resulting in its release from chromatin and suppression of polymerase III transcription. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| APEH | acylaminoacyl-peptide hydrolase|This gene encodes the enzyme acylpeptide hydrolase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of the terminal acetylated amino acid preferentially from small acetylated peptides. The acetyl amino acid formed by this hydrolase is further processed to acetate and a free amino acid by an aminoacylase. This gene is located within the same region of chromosome 3 (3p21) as the aminoacylase gene, and deletions at this locus are also associated with a decrease in aminoacylase activity. The acylpeptide hydrolase is a homotetrameric protein of 300 kDa with each subunit consisting of 732 amino acid residues. It can play an important role in destroying oxidatively damaged proteins in living cells. Deletions of this gene locus are found in various types of carcinomas, including small cell lung carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IREB2 | iron-responsive element binding protein 2| |
| RNMTL1 | RNA methyltransferase like 1| |
| IL36RN | interleukin 36 receptor antagonist|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This cytokine was shown to specifically inhibit the activation of NF-kappaB induced by interleukin 1 family, member 6 (IL1F6). This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NKAP | NFKB activating protein|This gene encodes a protein that is involved in the activation of the ubiquitous transcription factor NF-kappaB. This protein is associated with the the histone deacetylase HDAC3 and with the Notch corepressor complex, and it thereby acts as a transcriptional repressor of Notch target genes. It is also required for alphabeta T cell development. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome X, while a related and intronless retrocopy, which has an intact CDS and may be functional, is located on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| EHBP1L1 | EH domain binding protein 1-like 1| |
| FNTA | farnesyltransferase, CAAX box, alpha|Prenyltransferases can attach either a farnesyl group or a geranylgeranyl group in thioether linkage to the cysteine residue of proteins with a C-terminal CAAX box. CAAX geranylgeranyltransferase and CAAX farnesyltransferase are heterodimers that share the same alpha subunit but have different beta subunits. This gene encodes the alpha subunit of these transferases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 11 and 13. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| FNTB | farnesyltransferase, CAAX box, beta| |
| EIF5AL1 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-like 1| |
| BOLL | boule-like RNA-binding protein|This gene belongs to the DAZ gene family required for germ cell development. It encodes an RNA-binding protein which is more similar to Drosophila Boule than to human proteins encoded by genes DAZ (deleted in azoospermia) or DAZL (deleted in azoospermia-like). Loss of this gene function results in the absence of sperm in semen (azoospermia). Histological studies demonstrated that the primary defect is at the meiotic G2/M transition. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| THRB | thyroid hormone receptor, beta|The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear hormone receptor for triiodothyronine. It is one of the several receptors for thyroid hormone, and has been shown to mediate the biological activities of thyroid hormone. Knockout studies in mice suggest that the different receptors, while having certain extent of redundancy, may mediate different functions of thyroid hormone. Mutations in this gene are known to be a cause of generalized thyroid hormone resistance (GTHR), a syndrome characterized by goiter and high levels of circulating thyroid hormone (T3-T4), with normal or slightly elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADAMTS20 | ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 20|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ADAMTS family of zinc-dependent proteases. The encoded protein has a signal peptide that is cleaved to release the mature peptide, which is secreted and found in the extracellular matrix. This protein may be involved in tissue remodeling. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| NKX6-1 | NK6 homeobox 1|In the pancreas, NKX6.1 is required for the development of beta cells and is a potent bifunctional transcription regulator that binds to AT-rich sequences within the promoter region of target genes Iype et al. (2004) [PubMed 15056733].[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| KCTD13 | potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 13| |
| C15orf39 | chromosome 15 open reading frame 39| |
| CRCP | CGRP receptor component|This gene encodes a membrane protein that functions as part of a receptor complex for a small neuropeptide that increases intracellular cAMP levels. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCTD10 | potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 10| |
| KCTD17 | potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 17| |
| KCTD16 | potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 16| |
| KCTD15 | potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 15| |
| KCTD14 | potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 14| |
| KRTAP10-7 | keratin associated protein 10-7| |
| KCTD18 | potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 18| |
| ZKSCAN1 | zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 1|The ZKSCAN1 gene encodes a transcriptional regulator of the KRAB (Kruppel-associated box) subfamily of zinc finger proteins, which contain repeated Cys2-His2 (C2H2) zinc finger domains that are connected by conserved sequences, called H/C links (summarized by Tommerup and Vissing, 1995 [PubMed 7557990]). Transcriptional regulatory proteins containing tandemly repeated zinc finger domains are thought to be involved in both normal and abnormal cellular proliferation and differentiation. See ZNF91 (MIM 603971) for general information on zinc finger proteins.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2010] |
| ZKSCAN3 | zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 3| |
| ZKSCAN5 | zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 5|This gene encodes a zinc finger protein of the Kruppel family. The protein contains a SCAN box and a KRAB A domain. A similar protein in mouse is differentially expressed in spermatogenesis. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants differing only in the 5' UTR have been described. Additional variants have been found, but their full-length sequences have not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZKSCAN4 | zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 4| |
| ZKSCAN7 | zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 7| |
| ZKSCAN8 | zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 8| |
| CCR6 | chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 6|This gene encodes a member of the beta chemokine receptor family, which is predicted to be a seven transmembrane protein similar to G protein-coupled receptors. The gene is preferentially expressed by immature dendritic cells and memory T cells. The ligand of this receptor is macrophage inflammatory protein 3 alpha (MIP-3 alpha). This receptor has been shown to be important for B-lineage maturation and antigen-driven B-cell differentiation, and it may regulate the migration and recruitment of dentritic and T cells during inflammatory and immunological responses. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode the same protein have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IGFN1 | immunoglobulin-like and fibronectin type III domain containing 1| |
| ICK | intestinal cell (MAK-like) kinase|Eukaryotic protein kinases are enzymes that belong to a very extensive family of proteins which share a conserved catalytic core common with both serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases. This gene encodes an intestinal serine/threonine kinase harboring a dual phosphorylation site found in mitogen-activating protein (MAP) kinases. The protein localizes to the intestinal crypt region and is thought to be important in intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and two variants, encoding the same isoform, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF280D | zinc finger protein 280D| |
| GLIS2 | GLIS family zinc finger 2|This gene is a member of the GLI-similar zinc finger protein family and encodes a nuclear transcription factor with five C2H2-type zinc finger domains. The protein encoded by this gene is widely expressed at low levels in the neural tube and peripheral nervous system and likely promotes neuronal differentiation. It is abundantly expressed in the kidney and may have a role in the regulation of kidney morphogenesis. p120 regulates the expression level of this protein and induces the cleavage of this protein's C-terminal zinc finger domain. This protein also promotes the nuclear translocation of p120. Mutations in this gene cause nephronophthisis (NPHP), an autosomal recessive kidney disease characterized by tubular basement membrane disruption, interstitial lymphohistiocytic cell infiltration, and development of cysts at the corticomedullary border of the kidneys.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| GLIS3 | GLIS family zinc finger 3|This gene is a member of the GLI-similar zinc finger protein family and encodes a nuclear protein with five C2H2-type zinc finger domains. This protein functions as both a repressor and activator of transcription and is specifically involved in the development of pancreatic beta cells, the thyroid, eye, liver and kidney. Mutations in this gene have been associated with neonatal diabetes and congenital hypothyroidism (NDH). Alternatively spliced variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described but the full-length nature of only two have been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIAA1407 | KIAA1407| |
| SLC25A34 | solute carrier family 25, member 34|SLC25A34 belongs to the SLC25 family of mitochondrial carrier proteins (Haitina et al., 2006 [PubMed 16949250]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SLC25A37 | solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial iron transporter), member 37|SLC25A37 is a solute carrier localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane. It functions as an essential iron importer for the synthesis of mitochondrial heme and iron-sulfur clusters (summary by Chen et al., 2009 [PubMed 19805291]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2011] |
| SLC25A36 | solute carrier family 25 (pyrimidine nucleotide carrier), member 36| |
| SLC25A31 | solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; adenine nucleotide translocator), member 31|Mitochondrial ADP/ATP carriers, such as SLC25A31, are nuclear-coded mitochondrial proteins that catalyze the exchange of ATP generated in mitochondria by ATP synthase (see MIM 108729) against ADP produced in cytosol by most energy-consuming reactions (Dolce et al., 2005 [PubMed 15670820]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SLC25A30 | solute carrier family 25, member 30|Although the outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable to many small metabolites, transport of solutes across the inner mitochondrial membrane is achieved by members of the mitochondrial carrier protein family, such as SLC25A30 (Haguenauer et al., 2005 [PubMed 15809292]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| DCP1A | decapping mRNA 1A|Decapping is a key step in general and regulated mRNA decay. The protein encoded by this gene is a decapping enzyme. This protein and another decapping enzyme form a decapping complex, which interacts with the nonsense-mediated decay factor hUpf1 and may be recruited to mRNAs containing premature termination codons. This protein also participates in the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| SLC25A32 | solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial folate carrier), member 32|This gene encodes a member of the P(I/L)W subfamily of mitochondrial carrier family transport proteins. The encoded protein transports folate across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| SLC25A39 | solute carrier family 25, member 39|SLC25A39 belongs to the SLC25 family of mitochondrial carrier proteins (Haitina et al., 2006 [PubMed 16949250]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ATP13A2 | ATPase type 13A2|This gene encodes a member of the P5 subfamily of ATPases which transports inorganic cations as well as other substrates. Mutations in this gene are associated with Kufor-Rakeb syndrome (KRS), also referred to as Parkinson disease 9. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| ANKS6 | ankyrin repeat and sterile alpha motif domain containing 6| |
| TUBA1C | tubulin, alpha 1c| |
| TUBA1B | tubulin, alpha 1b| |
| TUBA1A | tubulin, alpha 1a|Microtubules of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton perform essential and diverse functions and are composed of a heterodimer of alpha and beta tubulins. The genes encoding these microtubule constituents belong to the tubulin superfamily, which is composed of six distinct families. Genes from the alpha, beta and gamma tubulin families are found in all eukaryotes. The alpha and beta tubulins represent the major components of microtubules, while gamma tubulin plays a critical role in the nucleation of microtubule assembly. There are multiple alpha and beta tubulin genes, which are highly conserved among species. This gene encodes alpha tubulin and is highly similar to the mouse and rat Tuba1 genes. Northern blotting studies have shown that the gene expression is predominantly found in morphologically differentiated neurologic cells. This gene is one of three alpha-tubulin genes in a cluster on chromosome 12q. Mutations in this gene cause lissencephaly type 3 (LIS3) - a neurological condition characterized by microcephaly, mental retardation, and early-onset epilepsy and caused by defective neuronal migration. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| VIP | vasoactive intestinal peptide|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the glucagon family. It stimulates myocardial contractility, causes vasodilation, increases glycogenolysis, lowers arterial blood pressure and relaxes the smooth muscle of trachea, stomach and gall bladder. The protein also acts as an antimicrobial peptide with antibacterial and antifungal activity. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| IGSF10 | immunoglobulin superfamily, member 10| |
| TMEM181 | transmembrane protein 181|The TMEM181 gene encodes a putative G protein-coupled receptor expressed on the cell surface (Carette et al., 2009 [PubMed 19965467]; Wollscheid et al., 2009 [PubMed 19349973]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2010] |
| TMEM180 | transmembrane protein 180| |
| TMEM187 | transmembrane protein 187|This gene consists of two exons and encodes a multi-pass membrane protein. An alternatively spliced transcript variant encoding the same protein has been found, but its biological validity is not determined. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| TMEM186 | transmembrane protein 186|This gene encodes a potential transmembrane protein. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| IL10RB | interleukin 10 receptor, beta|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cytokine receptor family. It is an accessory chain essential for the active interleukin 10 receptor complex. Coexpression of this and IL10RA proteins has been shown to be required for IL10-induced signal transduction. This gene and three other interferon receptor genes, IFAR2, IFNAR1, and IFNGR2, form a class II cytokine receptor gene cluster located in a small region on chromosome 21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GNG2 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 2|This gene encodes one of the gamma subunits of a guanine nucleotide-binding protein. Such proteins are involved in signaling mechanisms across membranes. Various subunits forms heterodimers which then interact with the different signal molecules. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| OR1G1 | olfactory receptor, family 1, subfamily G, member 1|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC7A6 | solute carrier family 7 (amino acid transporter light chain, y+L system), member 6| |
| FAM102B | family with sequence similarity 102, member B| |
| FAM102A | family with sequence similarity 102, member A| |
| WNT11 | wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 11|The WNT gene family consists of structurally related genes which encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. This gene is a member of the WNT gene family. It encodes a protein which shows 97%, 85%, and 63% amino acid identity with mouse, chicken, and Xenopus Wnt11 protein, respectively. This gene may play roles in the development of skeleton, kidney and lung, and is considered to be a plausible candidate gene for High Bone Mass Syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RIMKLA | ribosomal modification protein rimK-like family member A| |
| HCAR1 | hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1|G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs, or GPRs), such as GPR81, contain 7 transmembrane domains and transduce extracellular signals through heterotrimeric G proteins.[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2005] |
| RIMKLB | ribosomal modification protein rimK-like family member B| |
| PALB2 | partner and localizer of BRCA2|This gene encodes a protein that may function in tumor suppression. This protein binds to and colocalizes with the breast cancer 2 early onset protein (BRCA2) in nuclear foci and likely permits the stable intranuclear localization and accumulation of BRCA2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SCGB1A1 | secretoglobin, family 1A, member 1 (uteroglobin)|This gene encodes a member of the secretoglobin family of small secreted proteins. The encoded protein has been implicated in numerous functions including anti-inflammation, inhibition of phospholipase A2 and the sequestering of hydrophobic ligands. Defects in this gene are associated with a susceptibility to asthma. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| PGBD3 | piggyBac transposable element derived 3|This gene is a member of a small family of genes derived from piggyBac transposable elements. The encoded protein contains a zinc-ribbon domain characteristic of transposon-derived proteins and may function as a regulator of transcription. Naturally-occurring readthrough transcription occurs between this gene and the adjacent ERCC6 gene (GeneID 2074), and results in a fusion protein that shares sequence with the product of each individual gene. The readthrough locus is represented by GeneID:101243544. There are several pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes 4, 5 and 12. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| TAF7 | TAF7 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 55kDa|The intronless gene for this transcription coactivator is located between the protocadherin beta and gamma gene clusters on chromosome 5. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the TFIID protein complex, a complex which binds to the TATA box in class II promoters and recruits RNA polymerase II and other factors. This particular subunit interacts with the largest TFIID subunit, as well as multiple transcription activators. The protein is required for transcription by promoters targeted by RNA polymerase II. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TAF6 | TAF6 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 80kDa|Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the activities of more than 70 polypeptides. The protein that coordinates these activities is transcription factor IID (TFIID), which binds to the core promoter to position the polymerase properly, serves as the scaffold for assembly of the remainder of the transcription complex, and acts as a channel for regulatory signals. TFIID is composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins known as TBP-associated factors or TAFs. TAFs may participate in basal transcription, serve as coactivators, function in promoter recognition or modify general transcription factors (GTFs) to facilitate complex assembly and transcription initiation. This gene encodes one of the smaller subunits of TFIID that binds weakly to TBP but strongly to TAF1, the largest subunit of TFIID. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| TAF5 | TAF5 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 100kDa|Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the activities of more than 70 polypeptides. The protein that coordinates these activities is transcription factor IID (TFIID), which binds to the core promoter to position the polymerase properly, serves as the scaffold for assembly of the remainder of the transcription complex, and acts as a channel for regulatory signals. TFIID is composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins known as TBP-associated factors or TAFs. TAFs may participate in basal transcription, serve as coactivators, function in promoter recognition or modify general transcription factors (GTFs) to facilitate complex assembly and transcription initiation. This gene encodes an integral subunit of TFIID associated with all transcriptionally competent forms of that complex. This subunit interacts strongly with two TFIID subunits that show similarity to histones H3 and H4, and it may participate in forming a nucleosome-like core in the TFIID complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TAF4 | TAF4 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 135kDa|Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the activities of more than 70 polypeptides. The protein that coordinates these activities is transcription factor IID (TFIID), which binds to the core promoter to position the polymerase properly, serves as the scaffold for assembly of the remainder of the transcription complex, and acts as a channel for regulatory signals. TFIID is composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins known as TBP-associated factors or TAFs. TAFs may participate in basal transcription, serve as coactivators, function in promoter recognition or modify general transcription factors (GTFs) to facilitate complex assembly and transcription initiation. This gene encodes one of the larger subunits of TFIID that has been shown to potentiate transcriptional activation by retinoic acid, thyroid hormone and vitamin D3 receptors. In addition, this subunit interacts with the transcription factor CREB, which has a glutamine-rich activation domain, and binds to other proteins containing glutamine-rich regions. Aberrant binding to this subunit by proteins with expanded polyglutamine regions has been suggested as one of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying a group of neurodegenerative disorders referred to as polyglutamine diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TAF3 | TAF3 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 140kDa|The highly conserved RNA polymerase II transcription factor TFIID (see TAF1; MIM 313650) comprises the TATA box-binding protein (TBP; MIM 600075) and a set of TBP-associated factors (TAFs), including TAF3. TAFs contribute to promoter recognition and selectivity and act as antiapoptotic factors (Gangloff et al., 2001 [PubMed 11438666]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2009] |
| CTPS1 | CTP synthase 1|This gene encodes an enzyme responsible for the catalytic conversion of UTP (uridine triphosphate) to CTP (cytidine triphospate). This reaction is an important step in the biosynthesis of phospholipids and nucleic acids. Activity of this proten is important in the immune system, and loss of function of this gene has been associated with immunodeficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| TAF1 | TAF1 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 250kDa|Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the activities of more than 70 polypeptides. The protein that coordinates these activities is the basal transcription factor TFIID, which binds to the core promoter to position the polymerase properly, serves as the scaffold for assembly of the remainder of the transcription complex, and acts as a channel for regulatory signals. TFIID is composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins known as TBP-associated factors or TAFs. TAFs may participate in basal transcription, serve as coactivators, function in promoter recognition or modify general transcription factors (GTFs) to facilitate complex assembly and transcription initiation. This gene encodes the largest subunit of TFIID. This subunit binds to core promoter sequences encompassing the transcription start site. It also binds to activators and other transcriptional regulators, and these interactions affect the rate of transcription initiation. This subunit contains two independent protein kinase domains at the N- and C-terminals, but also possesses acetyltransferase activity and can act as a ubiquitin-activating/conjugating enzyme. Mutations in this gene result in Dystonia 3, torsion, X-linked, a dystonia-parkinsonism disorder. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. This gene is part of a complex transcription unit (TAF1/DYT3), wherein some transcript variants share exons with TAF1 as well as additional downstream DYT3 exons. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2013] |
| G6PD | glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase|This gene encodes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. This protein is a cytosolic enzyme encoded by a housekeeping X-linked gene whose main function is to produce NADPH, a key electron donor in the defense against oxidizing agents and in reductive biosynthetic reactions. G6PD is remarkable for its genetic diversity. Many variants of G6PD, mostly produced from missense mutations, have been described with wide ranging levels of enzyme activity and associated clinical symptoms. G6PD deficiency may cause neonatal jaundice, acute hemolysis, or severe chronic non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HMOX1 | heme oxygenase 1|Heme oxygenase, an essential enzyme in heme catabolism, cleaves heme to form biliverdin, which is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase, and carbon monoxide, a putative neurotransmitter. Heme oxygenase activity is induced by its substrate heme and by various nonheme substances. Heme oxygenase occurs as 2 isozymes, an inducible heme oxygenase-1 and a constitutive heme oxygenase-2. HMOX1 and HMOX2 belong to the heme oxygenase family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| USP10 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 10|Ubiquitin is a highly conserved protein that is covalently linked to other proteins to regulate their function and degradation. This gene encodes a member of the ubiquitin-specific protease family of cysteine proteases. The enzyme specifically cleaves ubiquitin from ubiquitin-conjugated protein substrates. The protein is found in the nucleus and cytoplasm. It functions as a co-factor of the DNA-bound androgen receptor complex, and is inhibited by a protein in the Ras-GTPase pathway. The human genome contains several pseudogenes similar to this gene. Several transcript variants, some protein-coding and others not protein-coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| TAF9 | TAF9 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 32kDa|Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the activities of more than 70 polypeptides. The protein that coordinates these activities is transcription factor IID (TFIID), which binds to the core promoter to position the polymerase properly, serves as the scaffold for assembly of the remainder of the transcription complex, and acts as a channel for regulatory signals. TFIID is composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins known as TBP-associated factors or TAFs. TAFs may participate in basal transcription, serve as coactivators, function in promoter recognition or modify general transcription factors (GTFs) to facilitate complex assembly and transcription initiation. This gene encodes one of the smaller subunits of TFIID that binds to the basal transcription factor GTF2B as well as to several transcriptional activators such as p53 and VP16. In human, TAF9 and AK6 (GeneID: 102157402) are two distinct genes that share 5' exons. A similar but distinct gene (TAF9L) has been found on the X chromosome and a pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 19. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| SF3A2 | splicing factor 3a, subunit 2, 66kDa|This gene encodes subunit 2 of the splicing factor 3a protein complex. The splicing factor 3a heterotrimer includes subunits 1, 2 and 3 and is necessary for the in vitro conversion of 15S U2 snRNP into an active 17S particle that performs pre-mRNA splicing. Subunit 2 interacts with subunit 1 through its amino-terminus while the single zinc finger domain of subunit 2 plays a role in its binding to the 15S U2 snRNP. Subunit 2 may also function independently of its RNA splicing function as a microtubule-binding protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIAA2018 | KIAA2018| |
| TSPAN31 | tetraspanin 31|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is thought to be involved in growth-related cellular processes. This gene is associated with tumorigenesis and osteosarcoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GNG8 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 8| |
| CNGB1 | cyclic nucleotide gated channel beta 1|In humans, the rod photoreceptor cGMP-gated cation channel helps regulate ion flow into the rod photoreceptor outer segment in response to light-induced alteration of the levels of intracellular cGMP. This channel consists of two subunits, alpha and beta, with the protein encoded by this gene representing the beta subunit. Defects in this gene are a cause of cause of retinitis pigmentosa type 45. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2013] |
| POMT1 | protein-O-mannosyltransferase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is an O-mannosyltransferase that requires interaction with the product of the POMT2 gene for enzymatic function. The encoded protein is found in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. Defects in this gene are a cause of Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS) and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2K (LGMD2K). Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| POMT2 | protein-O-mannosyltransferase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is an O-mannosyltransferase that requires interaction with the product of the POMT1 gene for enzymatic function. The encoded protein is found in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. Defects in this gene are a cause of Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS).[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| AIF1 | allograft inflammatory factor 1|This gene is induced by cytokines and interferon. Its protein product is thought to be involved in negative regulation of growth of vascular smooth muscle cells, which contributes to the anti-inflammatory response to vessel wall trauma. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| DSCAML1 | Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule like 1| |
| AGPS | alkylglycerone phosphate synthase|This gene is a member of the FAD-binding oxidoreductase/transferase type 4 family. It encodes a protein that catalyzes the second step of ether lipid biosynthesis in which acyl-dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP) is converted to alkyl-DHAP by the addition of a long chain alcohol and the removal of a long-chain acid anion. The protein is localized to the inner aspect of the peroxisomal membrane and requires FAD as a cofactor. Mutations in this gene have been associated with rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata, type 3 and Zellweger syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ALAD | aminolevulinate dehydratase|The ALAD enzyme is composed of 8 identical subunits and catalyzes the condensation of 2 molecules of delta-aminolevulinate to form porphobilinogen (a precursor of heme, cytochromes and other hemoproteins). ALAD catalyzes the second step in the porphyrin and heme biosynthetic pathway; zinc is essential for enzymatic activity. ALAD enzymatic activity is inhibited by lead and a defect in the ALAD structural gene can cause increased sensitivity to lead poisoning and acute hepatic porphyria. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PIK3C2B | phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit type 2 beta|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family. PI3-kinases play roles in signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation, cell survival, cell migration, and intracellular protein trafficking. This protein contains a lipid kinase catalytic domain as well as a C-terminal C2 domain, a characteristic of class II PI3-kinases. C2 domains act as calcium-dependent phospholipid binding motifs that mediate translocation of proteins to membranes, and may also mediate protein-protein interactions. The PI3-kinase activity of this protein is sensitive to low nanomolar levels of the inhibitor wortmanin. The C2 domain of this protein was shown to bind phospholipids but not Ca2+, which suggests that this enzyme may function in a calcium-independent manner. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZER1 | zyg-11 related, cell cycle regulator|This gene encodes a subunit of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that may be involved in meiosis. The encoded protein contains three leucine-rich repeat motifs. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| FOSB | FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B|The Fos gene family consists of 4 members: FOS, FOSB, FOSL1, and FOSL2. These genes encode leucine zipper proteins that can dimerize with proteins of the JUN family, thereby forming the transcription factor complex AP-1. As such, the FOS proteins have been implicated as regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and transformation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NR2E3 | nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group E, member 3|This protein is part of a large family of nuclear receptor transcription factors involved in signaling pathways. Nuclear receptors have been shown to regulate pathways involved in embryonic development, as well as in maintenance of proper cell function in adults. Members of this family are characterized by discrete domains that function in DNA and ligand binding. This gene encodes a retinal nuclear receptor that is a ligand-dependent transcription factor. Defects in this gene are a cause of enhanced S cone syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STOM | stomatin|This gene encodes a member of a highly conserved family of integral membrane proteins. The encoded protein localizes to the cell membrane of red blood cells and other cell types, where it may regulate ion channels and transporters. Loss of localization of the encoded protein is associated with hereditary stomatocytosis, a form of hemolytic anemia. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 6. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| CCNG2 | cyclin G2|The eukaryotic cell cycle is governed by cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) whose activities are regulated by cyclins and CDK inhibitors. The 8 species of cyclins reported in mammals, cyclins A through H, share a conserved amino acid sequence of about 90 residues called the cyclin box. The amino acid sequence of cyclin G is well conserved among mammals. The nucleotide sequence of cyclin G1 and cyclin G2 are 53% identical. Unlike cyclin G1, cyclin G2 contains a C-terminal PEST protein destabilization motif, suggesting that cyclin G2 expression is tightly regulated through the cell cycle. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PDXK | pyridoxal (pyridoxine, vitamin B6) kinase|The protein encoded by this gene phosphorylates vitamin B6, a step required for the conversion of vitamin B6 to pyridoxal-5-phosphate, an important cofactor in intermediary metabolism. The encoded protein is cytoplasmic and probably acts as a homodimer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EFCC1 | EF-hand and coiled-coil domain containing 1| |
| SOS2 | son of sevenless homolog 2 (Drosophila)| |
| LRRCC1 | leucine rich repeat and coiled-coil centrosomal protein 1| |
| NPLOC4 | nuclear protein localization 4 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| TMEM86A | transmembrane protein 86A| |
| LGALS13 | lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 13|Lysophospholipases are enzymes that act on biological membranes to regulate the multifunctional lysophospholipids. The protein encoded by this gene has lysophospholipase activity. It is composed of two identical subunits which are held together by disulfide bonds. This protein has structural similarity to several members of the beta-galactoside-binding S-type lectin family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LGALS12 | lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 12|This gene encodes a member of the galectin superfamily, a group of beta-galactoside-binding proteins with conserved carbohydrate recognition domains. The related mouse protein is a primary regulator of the early stages of adipose tissue development. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| CSNK1A1 | casein kinase 1, alpha 1| |
| SMIM7 | small integral membrane protein 7| |
| SMIM4 | small integral membrane protein 4| |
| UGT1A7 | UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7|This gene encodes a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, an enzyme of the glucuronidation pathway that transforms small lipophilic molecules, such as steroids, bilirubin, hormones, and drugs, into water-soluble, excretable metabolites. This gene is part of a complex locus that encodes several UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. The locus includes thirteen unique alternate first exons followed by four common exons. Four of the alternate first exons are considered pseudogenes. Each of the remaining nine 5' exons may be spliced to the four common exons, resulting in nine proteins with different N-termini and identical C-termini. Each first exon encodes the substrate binding site, and is regulated by its own promoter. The enzyme encoded by this gene has moderate glucuronidase activity with phenols. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C9 | complement component 9|This gene encodes the final component of the complement system. It participates in the formation of the Membrane Attack Complex (MAC). The MAC assembles on bacterial membranes to form a pore, permitting disruption of bacterial membrane organization. Mutations in this gene cause component C9 deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| BCL10 | B-cell CLL/lymphoma 10|This gene was identified by its translocation in a case of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. The protein encoded by this gene contains a caspase recruitment domain (CARD), and has been shown to induce apoptosis and to activate NF-kappaB. This protein is reported to interact with other CARD domain containing proteins including CARD9, 10, 11 and 14, which are thought to function as upstream regulators in NF-kappaB signaling. This protein is found to form a complex with MALT1, a protein encoded by another gene known to be translocated in MALT lymphoma. MALT1 and this protein are thought to synergize in the activation of NF-kappaB, and the deregulation of either of them may contribute to the same pathogenetic process that leads to the malignancy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AP2M1 | adaptor-related protein complex 2, mu 1 subunit|This gene encodes a subunit of the heterotetrameric coat assembly protein complex 2 (AP2), which belongs to the adaptor complexes medium subunits family. The encoded protein is required for the activity of a vacuolar ATPase, which is responsible for proton pumping occurring in the acidification of endosomes and lysosomes. The encoded protein may also play an important role in regulating the intracellular trafficking and function of CTLA-4 protein. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NPM3 | nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin 3|The protein encoded by this gene is related to the nuclear chaperone phosphoproteins, nucleoplasmin and nucleophosmin. This protein is strongly expressed in diverse cell types where it localizes primarily to the nucleus. Based on its similarity to nucleoplasmin and nucleophosmin, this protein likely functions as a molecular chaperone in the cell nucleus. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| PDCD6 | programmed cell death 6|This gene encodes a calcium-binding protein belonging to the penta-EF-hand protein family. Calcium binding is important for homodimerization and for conformational changes required for binding to other protein partners. This gene product participates in T cell receptor-, Fas-, and glucocorticoid-induced programmed cell death. In mice deficient for this gene product, however, apoptosis was not blocked suggesting this gene product is functionally redundant. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is also located on the short arm of chromosome 5. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| TCF25 | transcription factor 25 (basic helix-loop-helix)|TCF25 is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors that are important in embryonic development (Steen and Lindholm, 2008 [PubMed 18068114]).[supplied by OMIM, Sep 2008] |
| PDCD4 | programmed cell death 4 (neoplastic transformation inhibitor)|This gene is a tumor suppressor and encodes a protein that binds to the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A1 and inhibits its function by preventing RNA binding. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| PDCD5 | programmed cell death 5|This gene encodes a protein that is upregulated during apoptosis where it translocates rapidly from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. The encoded protein may be an important regulator of K(lysine) acetyltransferase 5 (a protein involved in transcription, DNA damage response and cell cycle control) by inhibiting its proteasome-dependent degradation. Pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 5 and 12 [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| PDCD2 | programmed cell death 2|This gene encodes a nuclear protein expressed in a variety of tissues. Expression of this gene has been shown to be repressed by B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6 (BCL6), a transcriptional repressor required for lymph node germinal center development, suggesting that BCL6 regulates apoptosis by its effects on this protein. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants and pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 9 and 12. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| TCF21 | transcription factor 21|TCF21 encodes a transcription factor of the basic helix-loop-helix family. The TCF21 product is mesoderm specific, and expressed in embryonic epicardium, mesenchyme-derived tissues of lung, gut, gonad, and both mesenchymal and glomerular epithelial cells in the kidney. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PDCD1 | programmed cell death 1|This gene encodes a cell surface membrane protein of the immunoglobulin superfamily. This protein is expressed in pro-B-cells and is thought to play a role in their differentiation. In mice, expression of this gene is induced in the thymus when anti-CD3 antibodies are injected and large numbers of thymocytes undergo apoptosis. Mice deficient for this gene bred on a BALB/c background developed dilated cardiomyopathy and died from congestive heart failure. These studies suggest that this gene product may also be important in T cell function and contribute to the prevention of autoimmune diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRUNE | prune exopolyphosphatase|This gene encodes a member of the DHH protein superfamily of phosphoesterases. This protein has been found to function as both a nucleotide phosphodiesterase and an exopolyphosphatase. This protein is believed to stimulate cancer progression and metastases through the induction of cell motility. A pseuodgene has been identified on chromosome 13. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| MINA | MYC induced nuclear antigen|MINA is a c-Myc (MYC; MIM 190080) target gene that may play a role in cell proliferation or regulation of cell growth. (Tsuneoka et al., 2002 [PubMed 12091391]; Zhang et al., 2005 [PubMed 15897898]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2008] |
| HDLBP | high density lipoprotein binding protein|The protein encoded by this gene binds high density lipoprotein (HDL) and may function to regulate excess cholesterol levels in cells. The encoded protein also binds RNA and can induce heterochromatin formation. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| PBLD | phenazine biosynthesis-like protein domain containing| |
| C3 | complement component 3|Complement component C3 plays a central role in the activation of complement system. Its activation is required for both classical and alternative complement activation pathways. A peptide (C3a) derived from the encoded protein has antimicrobial activity, so people with C3 deficiency are susceptible to bacterial infection. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| ERP44 | endoplasmic reticulum protein 44| |
| SERPINF1 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade F (alpha-2 antiplasmin, pigment epithelium derived factor), member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the serpin family, although it does not display the serine protease inhibitory activity shown by many of the other serpin family members. The encoded protein is secreted and strongly inhibits angiogenesis. In addition, this protein is a neurotrophic factor involved in neuronal differentiation in retinoblastoma cells.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| ARFGEF1 | ADP-ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide-exchange factor 1 (brefeldin A-inhibited)|ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) play an important role in intracellular vesicular trafficking. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the activation of ARFs by accelerating replacement of bound GDP with GTP. It contains a Sec7 domain, which may be responsible for guanine-nucleotide exchange activity and also brefeldin A inhibition. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| C6orf25 | chromosome 6 open reading frame 25|This gene is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily and is located in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region. The protein encoded by this gene is a glycosylated, plasma membrane-bound cell surface receptor, but soluble isoforms encoded by some transcript variants have been found in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi before being secreted. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SERPINF2 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade F (alpha-2 antiplasmin, pigment epithelium derived factor), member 2|This gene encodes a member of the serpin family of serine protease inhibitors. The protein is a major inhibitor of plasmin, which degrades fibrin and various other proteins. Consequently, the proper function of this gene has a major role in regulating the blood clotting pathway. Mutations in this gene result in alpha-2-plasmin inhibitor deficiency, which is characterized by severe hemorrhagic diathesis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| GCAT | glycine C-acetyltransferase|The degradation of L-threonine to glycine consists of a two-step biochemical pathway involving the enzymes L-threonine dehydrogenase and 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase. L-Threonine is first converted into 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate by L-threonine dehydrogenase. This gene encodes the second enzyme in this pathway, which then catalyzes the reaction between 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate and coenzyme A to form glycine and acetyl-CoA. The encoded enzyme is considered a class II pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 14. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| KLK2 | kallikrein-related peptidase 2|This gene encodes a member of the grandular kallikrein protein family. Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases that are clustered on chromosome 19. Members of this family are involved in a diverse array of biological functions. The protein encoded by this gene is a highly active trypsin-like serine protease that selectively cleaves at arginine residues. This protein is primarily expressed in prostatic tissue and is responsible for cleaving pro-prostate-specific antigen into its enzymatically active form. This gene is highly expressed in prostate tumor cells and may be a prognostic maker for prostate cancer risk. Alternate splicing results in both coding and non-coding transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| C7orf50 | chromosome 7 open reading frame 50| |
| PSMA8 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, alpha type, 8| |
| OCM2 | oncomodulin 2|This gene is similar to the oncomodulin gene, a high-affinity calcium ion-binding protein that belongs to the superfamily of calmodulin proteins, also known as the EF-hand proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VPS26A | vacuolar protein sorting 26 homolog A (S. pombe)|This gene belongs to a group of vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) genes. The encoded protein is a component of a large multimeric complex, termed the retromer complex, involved in retrograde transport of proteins from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. The close structural similarity between the yeast and human proteins that make up this complex suggests a similarity in function. Expression studies in yeast and mammalian cells indicate that this protein interacts directly with VPS35, which serves as the core of the retromer complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VPS26B | vacuolar protein sorting 26 homolog B (S. pombe)| |
| KLRD1 | killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily D, member 1|Natural killer (NK) cells are a distinct lineage of lymphocytes that mediate cytotoxic activity and secrete cytokines upon immune stimulation. Several genes of the C-type lectin superfamily, including members of the NKG2 family, are expressed by NK cells and may be involved in the regulation of NK cell function. KLRD1 (CD94) is an antigen preferentially expressed on NK cells and is classified as a type II membrane protein because it has an external C terminus. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HIST2H2AA4 | histone cluster 2, H2aa4|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2A family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in a histone cluster on chromosome 1. This gene is one of four histone genes in the cluster that are duplicated; this record represents the telomeric copy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SMU1 | smu-1 suppressor of mec-8 and unc-52 homolog (C. elegans)| |
| C6 | complement component 6|This gene encodes a component of the complement cascade. The encoded protein is part of the membrane attack complex that can be incorporated into the cell membrane and cause cell lysis. Mutations in this gene are associated with complement component-6 deficiency. Transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| SREBF2 | sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2|This gene encodes a member of the a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that controls cholesterol homeostasis by regulating transcription of sterol-regulated genes. The encoded protein contains a basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bHLH-Zip) domain and binds the sterol regulatory element 1 motif. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| SREBF1 | sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1|This gene encodes a transcription factor that binds to the sterol regulatory element-1 (SRE1), which is a decamer flanking the low density lipoprotein receptor gene and some genes involved in sterol biosynthesis. The protein is synthesized as a precursor that is attached to the nuclear membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. Following cleavage, the mature protein translocates to the nucleus and activates transcription by binding to the SRE1. Sterols inhibit the cleavage of the precursor, and the mature nuclear form is rapidly catabolized, thereby reducing transcription. The protein is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bHLH-Zip) transcription factor family. This gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OXCT1 | 3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1|This gene encodes a member of the 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase gene family. The encoded protein is a homodimeric mitochondrial matrix enzyme that plays a central role in extrahepatic ketone body catabolism by catalyzing the reversible transfer of coenzyme A from succinyl-CoA to acetoacetate. Mutations in this gene are associated with succinyl CoA:3-oxoacid CoA transferase deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C5 | complement component 5|The protein encoded by this gene is the fifth component of complement, which plays an important role in inflammatory and cell killing processes. This protein is comprised of alpha and beta polypeptide chains that are linked by a disulfide bridge. An activation peptide, C5a, which is an anaphylatoxin that possesses potent spasmogenic and chemotactic activity, is derived from the alpha polypeptide via cleavage with a convertase. The C5b macromolecular cleavage product can form a complex with the C6 complement component, and this complex is the basis for formation of the membrane attack complex, which includes additional complement components. Mutations in this gene cause complement component 5 deficiency, a disease where patients show a propensity for severe recurrent infections. Defects in this gene have also been linked to a susceptibility to liver fibrosis and to rheumatoid arthritis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPS5 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S5|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S5P family. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 4q, 5q, and 18q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SMARCE1 | SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily e, member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF, which is required for transcriptional activation of genes normally repressed by chromatin. The encoded protein, either alone or when in the SWI/SNF complex, can bind to 4-way junction DNA, which is thought to mimic the topology of DNA as it enters or exits the nucleosome. The protein contains a DNA-binding HMG domain, but disruption of this domain does not abolish the DNA-binding or nucleosome-displacement activities of the SWI/SNF complex. Unlike most of the SWI/SNF complex proteins, this protein has no yeast counterpart. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CIC | capicua transcriptional repressor|The protein encoded by this gene is an ortholog of the Drosophila melanogaster capicua gene, and is a member of the high mobility group (HMG)-box superfamily of transcriptional repressors. This protein contains a conserved HMG domain that is involved in DNA binding and nuclear localization, and a conserved C-terminus. Studies suggest that the N-terminal region of this protein interacts with Atxn1 (GeneID:6310), to form a transcription repressor complex, and in vitro studies suggest that polyglutamine-expansion of ATXN1 may alter the repressor activity of this complex. Mutations in this gene have been associated with olidogdendrogliomas (PMID:21817013). In addition, translocation events resulting in gene fusions of this gene with both DUX4 (GeneID:100288687) and FOXO4 (GeneID:4303) have been associated with round cell sarcomas. There are multiple pseudogenes of this gene found on chromosomes 1, 4, 6, 7, 16, 20, and the Y chromosome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| KARS | lysyl-tRNA synthetase|Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are a class of enzymes that charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. Lysyl-tRNA synthetase is a homodimer localized to the cytoplasm which belongs to the class II family of tRNA synthetases. It has been shown to be a target of autoantibodies in the human autoimmune diseases, polymyositis or dermatomyositis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAB39B | RAB39B, member RAS oncogene family|This gene encodes a member of the Rab family of proteins. Rab proteins are small GTPases that are involved in vesicular trafficking. Mutations in this gene are associated with X-linked mental retardation. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| RAB39A | RAB39A, member RAS oncogene family| |
| FBXO44 | F-box protein 44|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of the ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbxs class. It is also a member of the NFB42 (neural F Box 42 kDa) family, similar to F-box only protein 2 and F-box only protein 6. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding two distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| SSRP1 | structure specific recognition protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of a heterodimer that, along with SUPT16H, forms chromatin transcriptional elongation factor FACT. FACT interacts specifically with histones H2A/H2B to effect nucleosome disassembly and transcription elongation. FACT and cisplatin-damaged DNA may be crucial to the anticancer mechanism of cisplatin. This encoded protein contains a high mobility group box which most likely constitutes the structure recognition element for cisplatin-modified DNA. This protein also functions as a co-activator of the transcriptional activator p63. An alternatively spliced transcript variant of this gene has been described, but its full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM27 | transmembrane protein 27|This gene encodes a type 1 transmembrane protein that is important for trafficking amino acid transporters to the apical brush border of proximal tubules. The encoded protein binds to amino acid transporters and regulates their expression on the plasma membrane. It also plays a role in controlling insulin exocytosis by regulating formation of the SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment protein receptor) complex in pancreatic beta cells. The extracellular domain of the encoded protein may be cleaved and shed from the plasma membrane specifically in pancreatic beta cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| TSSK4 | testis-specific serine kinase 4|This gene encodes a member of the testis-specific serine/threonine kinase family. The encoded protein is thought to be involved in spermatogenesis via stimulation of the CREB/CRE responsive pathway through phosphorylation of the cAMP responsive element binding protein transcription factor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| IL12A | interleukin 12A|This gene encodes a subunit of a cytokine that acts on T and natural killer cells, and has a broad array of biological activities. The cytokine is a disulfide-linked heterodimer composed of the 35-kD subunit encoded by this gene, and a 40-kD subunit that is a member of the cytokine receptor family. This cytokine is required for the T-cell-independent induction of interferon (IFN)-gamma, and is important for the differentiation of both Th1 and Th2 cells. The responses of lymphocytes to this cytokine are mediated by the activator of transcription protein STAT4. Nitric oxide synthase 2A (NOS2A/NOS2) is found to be required for the signaling process of this cytokine in innate immunity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IRAK1BP1 | interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 binding protein 1| |
| PDE9A | phosphodiesterase 9A|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the hydrolysis of cAMP and cGMP to their corresponding monophosphates. The encoded protein plays a role in signal transduction by regulating the intracellular concentration of these cyclic nucleotides. Multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GALNTL6 | polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-like 6| |
| CIT | citron rho-interacting serine/threonine kinase|This gene encodes a serine/threonine-protein kinase that functions in cell division. Together with the kinesin KIF14, this protein localizes to the central spindle and midbody, and functions to promote efficient cytokinesis. This protein is involved in central nervous system development. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with bipolar disorder and risk for schizophrenia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| SRF | serum response factor (c-fos serum response element-binding transcription factor)|This gene encodes a ubiquitous nuclear protein that stimulates both cell proliferation and differentiation. It is a member of the MADS (MCM1, Agamous, Deficiens, and SRF) box superfamily of transcription factors. This protein binds to the serum response element (SRE) in the promoter region of target genes. This protein regulates the activity of many immediate-early genes, for example c-fos, and thereby participates in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, cell growth, and cell differentiation. This gene is the downstream target of many pathways; for example, the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (MAPK) that acts through the ternary complex factors (TCFs). Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| TXNDC12 | thioredoxin domain containing 12 (endoplasmic reticulum)|This gene encodes a member of the thioredoxin superfamily. Members of this family are characterized by a conserved active motif called the thioredoxin fold that catalyzes disulfide bond formation and isomerization. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and has a single atypical active motif. The encoded protein is mainly involved in catalyzing native disulfide bond formation and displays activity similar to protein-disulfide isomerases. This protein may play a role in defense against endoplasmic reticulum stress. Alternate splicing results in both coding and non-coding variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| FH | fumarate hydratase|The protein encoded by this gene is an enzymatic component of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, or Krebs cycle, and catalyzes the formation of L-malate from fumarate. It exists in both a cytosolic form and an N-terminal extended form, differing only in the translation start site used. The N-terminal extended form is targeted to the mitochondrion, where the removal of the extension generates the same form as in the cytoplasm. It is similar to some thermostable class II fumarases and functions as a homotetramer. Mutations in this gene can cause fumarase deficiency and lead to progressive encephalopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TSSK3 | testis-specific serine kinase 3|This gene encodes a kinase expressed exclusively in the testis that is thought to play a role in either germ cell differentiation or mature sperm function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TAF6L | TAF6-like RNA polymerase II, p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF)-associated factor, 65kDa|Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the activities of more than 70 polypeptides. The protein that coordinates these activities is transcription factor IID (TFIID), which binds to the core promoter to position the polymerase properly, serves as the scaffold for assembly of the remainder of the transcription complex, and acts as a channel for regulatory signals. TFIID is composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins known as TBP-associated factors or TAFs. TAFs may participate in basal transcription, serve as coactivators, function in promoter recognition or modify general transcription factors (GTFs) to facilitate complex assembly and transcription initiation. This gene encodes a protein that is a component of the PCAF histone acetylase complex and structurally similar to one of the histone-like TAFs, TAF6. The PCAF histone acetylase complex, which is composed of more than 20 polypeptides some of which are TAFs, is required for myogenic transcription and differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DAO | D-amino-acid oxidase|This gene encodes the peroxisomal enzyme D-amino acid oxidase. The enzyme is a flavoprotein which uses flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as its prosthetic group. Its substrates include a wide variety of D-amino acids, but it is inactive on the naturally occurring L-amino acids. Its biological function is not known; it may act as a detoxifying agent which removes D-amino acids that accumulate during aging. In mice, it degrades D-serine, a co-agonist of the NMDA receptor. This gene may play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TATDN1 | TatD DNase domain containing 1| |
| THPO | thrombopoietin|Megakaryocytopoiesis is the cellular development process that leads to platelet production. The main functional protein encoded by this gene is a humoral growth factor that is necessary for megakaryocyte proliferation and maturation, as well as for thrombopoiesis. This protein is the ligand for MLP/C_MPL, the product of myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene. Mutations in this gene are the cause of thrombocythemia 1. Alternative promoter usage and differential splicing result in multiple transcript variants differing in the 5' UTR and/or coding region. Multiple AUG codons upstream of the main open reading frame (ORF) have been identified, and these upstream AUGs inhibit translation of the main ORF at different extent. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| ADNP | activity-dependent neuroprotector homeobox|Vasoactive intestinal peptide is a neuroprotective factor that has a stimulatory effect on the growth of some tumor cells and an inhibitory effect on others. This gene encodes a protein that is upregulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide and may be involved in its stimulatory effect on certain tumor cells. The encoded protein contains one homeobox and nine zinc finger domains, suggesting that it functions as a transcription factor. This gene is also upregulated in normal proliferative tissues. Finally, the encoded protein may increase the viability of certain cell types through modulation of p53 activity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C1orf174 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 174| |
| LRP1B | low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B|LRP1B belongs to the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene family. These receptors play a wide variety of roles in normal cell function and development due to their interactions with multiple ligands (Liu et al., 2001 [PubMed 11384978]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| DAP | death-associated protein|This gene encodes a basic, proline-rich, 15-kD protein. The protein acts as a positive mediator of programmed cell death that is induced by interferon-gamma. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| N4BP2 | NEDD4 binding protein 2|This gene encodes a protein containing a polynucleotide kinase domain (PNK) near the N-terminal region, and a Small MutS Related (Smr) domain near the C-terminal region. The encoded protein can bind to both B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 3 (BCL-3) and neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 4, (Nedd4) proteins. This protein binds and hydrolyzes ATP, may function as a 5'-polynucleotide kinase, and has the capacity to be a ubiquitylation substrate. This protein may play a role in transcription-coupled DNA repair or genetic recombination. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GLE1 | GLE1 RNA export mediator|This gene encodes a predicted 75-kDa polypeptide with high sequence and structure homology to yeast Gle1p, which is nuclear protein with a leucine-rich nuclear export sequence essential for poly(A)+RNA export. Inhibition of human GLE1L by microinjection of antibodies against GLE1L in HeLa cells resulted in inhibition of poly(A)+RNA export. Immunoflourescence studies show that GLE1L is localized at the nuclear pore complexes. This localization suggests that GLE1L may act at a terminal step in the export of mature RNA messages to the cytoplasm. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MTA1 | metastasis associated 1|This gene encodes a protein that was identified in a screen for genes expressed in metastatic cells, specifically, mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines. Expression of this gene has been correlated with the metastatic potential of at least two types of carcinomas although it is also expressed in many normal tissues. The role it plays in metastasis is unclear. It was initially thought to be the 70kD component of a nucleosome remodeling deacetylase complex, NuRD, but it is more likely that this component is a different but very similar protein. These two proteins are so closely related, though, that they share the same types of domains. These domains include two DNA binding domains, a dimerization domain, and a domain commonly found in proteins that methylate DNA. The profile and activity of this gene product suggest that it is involved in regulating transcription and that this may be accomplished by chromatin remodeling. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| MTA2 | metastasis associated 1 family, member 2|This gene encodes a protein that has been identified as a component of NuRD, a nucleosome remodeling deacetylase complex identified in the nucleus of human cells. It shows a very broad expression pattern and is strongly expressed in many tissues. It may represent one member of a small gene family that encode different but related proteins involved either directly or indirectly in transcriptional regulation. Their indirect effects on transcriptional regulation may include chromatin remodeling. It is closely related to another member of this family, a protein that has been correlated with the metastatic potential of certain carcinomas. These two proteins are so closely related that they share the same types of domains. These domains include two DNA binding domains, a dimerization domain, and a domain commonly found in proteins that methylate DNA. One of the proteins known to be a target protein for this gene product is p53. Deacetylation of p53 is correlated with a loss of growth inhibition in transformed cells supporting a connection between these gene family members and metastasis. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| MTA3 | metastasis associated 1 family, member 3| |
| LRP10 | low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 10| |
| LRP11 | low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 11| |
| LRP12 | low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 12|This gene encodes a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein family. The product of this gene is a transmembrane protein that is differentially expressed in many cancer cells. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| PRPS1L1 | phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1-like 1|This intronless gene is specifically expressed in the testis, and encodes a protein that is highly homologous to the two subunits of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase encoded by human X-linked genes, PRPS1 and PRPS2. These enzymes convert pyrimidine, purine or pyridine bases to the corresponding ribonucleoside monophosphates. In vitro transcription/translation and site-directed mutagenesis studies indicate that translation of this mRNA initiates exclusively at a non-AUG (ACG) codon. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GAPDHS | glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, spermatogenic|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family of enzymes that play an important role in carbohydrate metabolism. Like its somatic cell counterpart, this sperm-specific enzyme functions in a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent manner to remove hydrogen and add phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to form 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. During spermiogenesis, this enzyme may play an important role in regulating the switch between different energy-producing pathways, and it is required for sperm motility and male fertility. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPC1 | glypican 1|Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans are composed of a membrane-associated protein core substituted with a variable number of heparan sulfate chains. Members of the glypican-related integral membrane proteoglycan family (GRIPS) contain a core protein anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane via a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol linkage. These proteins may play a role in the control of cell division and growth regulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPC2 | glypican 2| |
| GPC3 | glypican 3|Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans are composed of a membrane-associated protein core substituted with a variable number of heparan sulfate chains. Members of the glypican-related integral membrane proteoglycan family (GRIPS) contain a core protein anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane via a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol linkage. These proteins may play a role in the control of cell division and growth regulation. The protein encoded by this gene can bind to and inhibit the dipeptidyl peptidase activity of CD26, and it can induce apoptosis in certain cell types. Deletion mutations in this gene are associated with Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, also known as Simpson dysmorphia syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| GPC4 | glypican 4|Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans are composed of a membrane-associated protein core substituted with a variable number of heparan sulfate chains. Members of the glypican-related integral membrane proteoglycan family (GRIPS) contain a core protein anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane via a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol linkage. These proteins may play a role in the control of cell division and growth regulation. The GPC4 gene is adjacent to the 3' end of GPC3 and may also play a role in Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPC5 | glypican 5|Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans are composed of a membrane-associated protein core substituted with a variable number of heparan sulfate chains. Members of the glypican-related integral membrane proteoglycan family (GRIPS) contain a core protein anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane via a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol linkage. These proteins may play a role in the control of cell division and growth regulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPC6 | glypican 6|The glypicans comprise a family of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and they have been implicated in the control of cell growth and cell division. The glypican encoded by this gene is a putative cell surface coreceptor for growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, proteases and anti-proteases. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| HEPH | hephaestin|This gene encodes a member of the multicopper oxidase protein family. The encoded protein is involved in the transport of dietary iron from epithelial cells of the intestinal lumen into the circulatory system, and may be involved in copper transport and homeostasis. In mouse, defects in this gene can lead to severe microcytic anemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| MTAP | methylthioadenosine phosphorylase|This gene encodes an enzyme that plays a major role in polyamine metabolism and is important for the salvage of both adenine and methionine. The encoded enzyme is deficient in many cancers because this gene and the tumor suppressor p16 gene are co-deleted. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene, but their full-length natures remain unknown. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BICD2 | bicaudal D homolog 2 (Drosophila)|This gene is one of two human homologs of Drosophila bicaudal-D and a member of the Bicoid family. It has been implicated in dynein-mediated, minus end-directed motility along microtubules. It has also been reported to be a phosphorylation target of NIMA related kinase 8. Two alternative splice variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BICD1 | bicaudal D homolog 1 (Drosophila)|This gene is one of two human homologs of Drosophila bicaudal-D. It has been implicated in COPI-independent membrane transport from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum. Two alternative splice variants have been described. Other alternative splice variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described but their full-length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SEC22C | SEC22 vesicle trafficking protein homolog C (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a member of the SEC22 family of vesicle trafficking proteins. The encoded protein is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and may play a role in the early stages of ER-Golgi protein trafficking. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| SEC22B | SEC22 vesicle trafficking protein homolog B (S. cerevisiae) (gene/pseudogene)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SEC22 family of vesicle trafficking proteins. It seems to complex with SNARE and it is thought to play a role in the ER-Golgi protein trafficking. This protein has strong similarity to Mus musculus and Cricetulus griseus proteins.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| SEC22A | SEC22 vesicle trafficking protein homolog A (S. cerevisiae)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the member of the SEC22 family of vesicle trafficking proteins. This protein has similarity to rat SEC22 and may act in the early stages of the secretory pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| BBS1 | Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1|Mutations in this gene have been observed in patients with the major form (type 1) of Bardet-Biedl syndrome. The encoded protein may play a role in eye, limb, cardiac and reproductive system development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BBS2 | Bardet-Biedl syndrome 2|This gene is a member of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) gene family. Bardet-Biedl syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe pigmentary retinopathy, obesity, polydactyly, renal malformation and mental retardation. The proteins encoded by BBS gene family members are structurally diverse and the similar phenotypes exhibited by mutations in BBS gene family members is likely due to their shared roles in cilia formation and function. Many BBS proteins localize to the basal bodies, ciliary axonemes, and pericentriolar regions of cells. BBS proteins may also be involved in intracellular trafficking via microtubule-related transport. The protein encoded by this gene forms a multiprotein BBSome complex with seven other BBS proteins.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| BBS5 | Bardet-Biedl syndrome 5|This gene encodes a protein that has been directly linked to Bardet-Biedl syndrome. The primary features of this syndrome include retinal dystrophy, obesity, polydactyly, renal abnormalities and learning disabilities. Experimentation in non-human eukaryotes suggests that this gene is expressed in ciliated cells and that it is required for the formation of cilia. Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been observed but have not been fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BBS4 | Bardet-Biedl syndrome 4|This gene is a member of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) gene family. Bardet-Biedl syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe pigmentary retinopathy, obesity, polydactyly, renal malformation and mental retardation. The proteins encoded by BBS gene family members are structurally diverse. The similar phenotypes exhibited by mutations in BBS gene family members are likely due to the protein's shared roles in cilia formation and function. Many BBS proteins localize to the basal bodies, ciliary axonemes, and pericentriolar regions of cells. BBS proteins may also be involved in intracellular trafficking via microtubule-related transport. The protein encoded by this gene has sequence similarity to O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferases in plants and archaebacteria and in human forms a multi-protein "BBSome" complex with seven other BBS proteins. Alternative splice variants have been described but their predicted protein products have not been experimentally verified.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| BBS7 | Bardet-Biedl syndrome 7|This gene encodes one of eight proteins that form the BBSome complex containing BBS1, BBS2, BBS4, BBS5, BBS7, BBS8, BBS9 and BBIP10. The BBSome complex is believed to recruit Rab8(GTP) to the primary cilium and promote ciliogenesis. The BBSome complex assembly is mediated by a complex composed of three chaperonin-like BBS proteins (BBS6, BBS10, and BBS12) and CCT/TRiC family chaperonins. Mutations in this gene are implicated in Bardet-Biedl syndrome, a genetic disorder whose symptoms include obesity, retinal degeneration, polydactyly and nephropathy; however, mutations in this gene and the BBS8 gene are thought to play a minor role and mutations in chaperonin-like BBS genes are found to be a major contributor to disease development in a multiethnic Bardet-Biedl syndrome patient population. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| C2orf49 | chromosome 2 open reading frame 49| |
| C2orf44 | chromosome 2 open reading frame 44| |
| C2orf47 | chromosome 2 open reading frame 47| |
| C2orf43 | lipid droplet associated hydrolase| |
| C2orf42 | chromosome 2 open reading frame 42| |
| ELANE | elastase, neutrophil expressed|Elastases form a subfamily of serine proteases that hydrolyze many proteins in addition to elastin. Humans have six elastase genes which encode the structurally similar proteins. The product of this gene hydrolyzes proteins within specialized neutrophil lysosomes, called azurophil granules, as well as proteins of the extracellular matrix following the protein's release from activated neutrophils. The enzyme may play a role in degenerative and inflammatory diseases by its proteolysis of collagen-IV and elastin of the extracellular matrix. This protein degrades the outer membrane protein A (OmpA) of E. coli as well as the virulence factors of such bacteria as Shigella, Salmonella and Yersinia. Mutations in this gene are associated with cyclic neutropenia and severe congenital neutropenia (SCN). This gene is clustered with other serine protease gene family members, azurocidin 1 and proteinase 3 genes, at chromosome 19pter. All 3 genes are expressed coordinately and their protein products are packaged together into azurophil granules during neutrophil differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| AGL | amylo-alpha-1, 6-glucosidase, 4-alpha-glucanotransferase|This gene encodes the glycogen debrancher enzyme which is involved in glycogen degradation. This enzyme has two independent catalytic activities which occur at different sites on the protein: a 4-alpha-glucotransferase activity and a amylo-1,6-glucosidase activity. Mutations in this gene are associated with glycogen storage disease although a wide range of enzymatic and clinical variability occurs which may be due to tissue-specific alternative splicing. Alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AGK | acylglycerol kinase|The protein encoded by this gene is a mitochondrial membrane protein involved in lipid and glycerolipid metabolism. The encoded protein is a lipid kinase that catalyzes the formation of phosphatidic and lysophosphatidic acids. Defects in this gene have been associated with mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 10. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| NIPA2 | non imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome 2|This gene encodes a possible magnesium transporter. This gene is located adjacent to the imprinted domain in the Prader-Willi syndrome deletion region of chromosome 15. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 3, 7 and 21.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| SSFA2 | sperm specific antigen 2| |
| AGA | aspartylglucosaminidase|Aspartylglucosaminidase is involved in the catabolism of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins. It cleaves asparagine from N-acetylglucosamines as one of the final steps in the lysosomal breakdown of glycoproteins. The lysosomal storage disease aspartylglycosaminuria is caused by a deficiency in the AGA enzyme. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| FUT4 | fucosyltransferase 4 (alpha (1,3) fucosyltransferase, myeloid-specific)|The product of this gene transfers fucose to N-acetyllactosamine polysaccharides to generate fucosylated carbohydrate structures. It catalyzes the synthesis of the non-sialylated antigen, Lewis x (CD15). [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| CS | citrate synthase|The protein encoded by this gene is a Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of citrate from oxaloacetate and acetyl coenzyme A. The enzyme is found in nearly all cells capable of oxidative metablism. This protein is nuclear encoded and transported into the mitochondrial matrix, where the mature form is found. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SCFD2 | sec1 family domain containing 2| |
| PDCD10 | programmed cell death 10|This gene encodes an evolutionarily conserved protein associated with cell apoptosis. The protein interacts with the serine/threonine protein kinase MST4 to modulate the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. It also interacts with and is phosphoryated by serine/threonine kinase 25, and is thought to function in a signaling pathway essential for vascular developent. Mutations in this gene are one cause of cerebral cavernous malformations, which are vascular malformations that cause seizures and cerebral hemorrhages. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PDCD11 | programmed cell death 11|PDCD11 is a NF-kappa-B (NFKB1; 164011)-binding protein that colocalizes with U3 RNA (MIM 180710) in the nucleolus and is required for rRNA maturation and generation of 18S rRNA (Sweet et al., 2003 [PubMed 14624448]; Sweet et al., 2008 [PubMed 17654514]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2008] |
| IGKC | immunoglobulin kappa constant| |
| ATPIF1 | ATPase inhibitory factor 1|This gene encodes a mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and three transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC50A1 | solute carrier family 50 (sugar efflux transporter), member 1| |
| RAB11A | RAB11A, member RAS oncogene family|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Rab family of the small GTPase superfamily. It is associated with both constitutive and regulated secretory pathways, and may be involved in protein transport. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| PPP3R1 | protein phosphatase 3, regulatory subunit B, alpha| |
| GPR180 | G protein-coupled receptor 180|This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. This protein is produced predominantly in vascular smooth muscle cells and may play an important role in the regulation of vascular remodeling. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PIK3CA | phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha|Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is composed of an 85 kDa regulatory subunit and a 110 kDa catalytic subunit. The protein encoded by this gene represents the catalytic subunit, which uses ATP to phosphorylate PtdIns, PtdIns4P and PtdIns(4,5)P2. This gene has been found to be oncogenic and has been implicated in cervical cancers. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PIK3CB | phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit beta|This gene encodes an isoform of the catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). These kinases are important in signaling pathways involving receptors on the outer membrane of eukaryotic cells and are named for their catalytic subunit. The encoded protein is the catalytic subunit for PI3Kbeta (PI3KB). PI3KB has been shown to be part of the activation pathway in neutrophils which have bound immune complexes at sites of injury or infection. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| GPR183 | G protein-coupled receptor 183|This gene was identified by the up-regulation of its expression upon Epstein-Barr virus infection of primary B lymphocytes. This gene is predicted to encode a G protein-coupled receptor that is most closely related to the thrombin receptor. Expression of this gene was detected in B-lymphocyte cell lines and lymphoid tissues but not in T-lymphocyte cell lines or peripheral blood T lymphocytes. The function of this gene is unknown. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRNP | prion protein|The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that tends to aggregate into rod-like structures. The encoded protein contains a highly unstable region of five tandem octapeptide repeats. This gene is found on chromosome 20, approximately 20 kbp upstream of a gene which encodes a biochemically and structurally similar protein to the one encoded by this gene. Mutations in the repeat region as well as elsewhere in this gene have been associated with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, fatal familial insomnia, Gerstmann-Straussler disease, Huntington disease-like 1, and kuru. An overlapping open reading frame has been found for this gene that encodes a smaller, structurally unrelated protein, AltPrp. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| PIK3CG | phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit gamma|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the pi3/pi4-kinase family of proteins. The gene product is an enzyme that phosphorylates phosphoinositides on the 3-hydroxyl group of the inositol ring. It is an important modulator of extracellular signals, including those elicited by E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion, which plays an important role in maintenance of the structural and functional integrity of epithelia. In addition to its role in promoting assembly of adherens junctions, the protein is thought to play a pivotal role in the regulation of cytotoxicity in NK cells. The gene is located in a commonly deleted segment of chromosome 7 previously identified in myeloid leukemias. Several transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| ZSWIM6 | zinc finger, SWIM-type containing 6| |
| ZSWIM7 | zinc finger, SWIM-type containing 7| |
| ZSWIM1 | zinc finger, SWIM-type containing 1| |
| ZSWIM2 | zinc finger, SWIM-type containing 2| |
| TMEM59 | transmembrane protein 59|This gene encodes a protein shown to regulate autophagy in response to bacterial infection. This protein may also regulate the retention of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the Golgi apparatus through its control of APP glycosylation. Overexpression of this protein has been found to promote apoptosis in a glioma cell line. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| TMEM56 | transmembrane protein 56| |
| TMEM57 | transmembrane protein 57| |
| TMEM54 | transmembrane protein 54| |
| SCLY | selenocysteine lyase|Selenocysteine lyase (SCLY; EC 4.4.1.16) catalyzes the pyridoxal 5-prime phosphate-dependent conversion of L-selenocysteine to L-alanine and elemental selenium (Mihara et al., 2000 [PubMed 10692412]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| TMEM52 | transmembrane protein 52| |
| TMEM53 | transmembrane protein 53| |
| TMEM51 | transmembrane protein 51| |
| KCNJ3 | potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 3|Potassium channels are present in most mammalian cells, where they participate in a wide range of physiologic responses. The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and inward-rectifier type potassium channel. The encoded protein, which has a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into a cell rather than out of a cell, is controlled by G-proteins and plays an important role in regulating heartbeat. It associates with three other G-protein-activated potassium channels to form a heteromultimeric pore-forming complex that also couples to neurotransmitter receptors in the brain and whereby channel activation can inhibit action potential firing by hyperpolarizing the plasma membrane. These multimeric G-protein-gated inwardly-rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels may play a role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy, addiction, Down's syndrome, ataxia, and Parkinson's disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct proteins. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| DIMT1 | DIM1 dimethyladenosine transferase 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| FAM222B | family with sequence similarity 222, member B| |
| GSC2 | goosecoid homeobox 2|Goosecoidlike (GSCL), a homeodomain-containing gene, resides in the critical region for VCFS/DGS on 22q11. Velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) is a developmental disorder characterized by conotruncal heart defects, craniofacial anomalies, and learning disabilities. VCFS is phenotypically related to DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) and both syndromes are associated with hemizygous 22q11 deletions. Because many of the tissues and structures affected in VCFS/DGS derive from the pharyngeal arches of the developing embryo, it is believed that haploinsufficiency of a gene involved in embryonic development may be responsible for its etiology. The gene is expressed in a limited number of adult tissues, as well as in early human development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FUT2 | fucosyltransferase 2 (secretor status included)|The protein encoded by this gene is a Golgi stack membrane protein that is involved in the creation of a precursor of the H antigen, which is required for the final step in the soluble A and B antigen synthesis pathway. This gene is one of two encoding the galactoside 2-L-fucosyltransferase enzyme. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM84B | family with sequence similarity 84, member B| |
| POLR3GL | polymerase (RNA) III (DNA directed) polypeptide G (32kD)-like| |
| FAM84A | family with sequence similarity 84, member A| |
| SFRP1 | secreted frizzled-related protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the SFRP family that contains a cysteine-rich domain homologous to the putative Wnt-binding site of Frizzled proteins. Members of this family act as soluble modulators of Wnt signaling; epigenetic silencing of SFRP genes leads to deregulated activation of the Wnt-pathway which is associated with cancer. This gene may also be involved in determining the polarity of photoreceptor cells in the retina. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| PIK3C3 | phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, catalytic subunit type 3| |
| NMS | neuromedin S| |
| ZNF677 | zinc finger protein 677| |
| ZNF676 | zinc finger protein 676| |
| ZNF675 | zinc finger protein 675| |
| ZNF674 | zinc finger protein 674|This gene encodes a zinc finger protein with an N-terminal Kruppel-associated box-containing (KRAB) domain and 11 Kruppel-type C2H2 zinc finger domains. Like other zinc finger proteins, this gene may function as a transcription factor. This gene resides on an area of chromosome X that has been implicated in nonsyndromic X-linked mental retardation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| PRRG1 | proline rich Gla (G-carboxyglutamic acid) 1|This gene encodes a vitamin K-dependent, gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-containing, single-pass transmembrane protein. This protein contains a Gla domain at the N-terminus, preceded by a propeptide sequence required for post-translational gamma-carboxylation of specific glutamic acid residues by a vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase. The C-terminus is proline-rich containing PPXY and PXXP motifs found in a variety of signaling and cytoskeletal proteins. This gene is highly expressed in the spinal cord. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| ZNF671 | zinc finger protein 671| |
| ZNF670 | zinc finger protein 670| |
| PARP16 | poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 16| |
| SNRNP70 | small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 70kDa (U1)| |
| PARP14 | poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 14|Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is an immediate DNA damage-dependent posttranslational modification of histones and other nuclear proteins that contributes to the survival of injured proliferating cells. PARP14 belongs to the superfamily of enzymes that perform this modification (Ame et al., 2004 [PubMed 15273990]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PARP15 | poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 15|PARP15 is a macrodomain-containing transcriptional repressor with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity (Aguiar et al., 2005 [PubMed 16061477]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2008] |
| ERI2 | ERI1 exoribonuclease family member 2| |
| ERI3 | ERI1 exoribonuclease family member 3| |
| ZNF679 | zinc finger protein 679| |
| ZNF678 | zinc finger protein 678| |
| JPH1 | junctophilin 1|Junctional complexes between the plasma membrane and endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum are a common feature of all excitable cell types and mediate cross talk between cell surface and intracellular ion channels. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of junctional complexes and is composed of a C-terminal hydrophobic segment spanning the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane and a remaining cytoplasmic domain that shows specific affinity for the plasma membrane. This gene is a member of the junctophilin gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAG | myelin associated glycoprotein|The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane protein and member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is thought to be involved in the process of myelination. It is a lectin that binds to sialylated glycoconjugates and mediates certain myelin-neuron cell-cell interactions. Three alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| MAF | v-maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog|The protein encoded by this gene is a DNA-binding, leucine zipper-containing transcription factor that acts as a homodimer or as a heterodimer. Depending on the binding site and binding partner, the encoded protein can be a transcriptional activator or repressor. This protein plays a role in the regulation of several cellular processes, including embryonic lens fiber cell development, increased T-cell susceptibility to apoptosis, and chondrocyte terminal differentiation. Defects in this gene are a cause of juvenile-onset pulverulent cataract as well as congenital cerulean cataract 4 (CCA4). Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| ACLY | ATP citrate lyase|ATP citrate lyase is the primary enzyme responsible for the synthesis of cytosolic acetyl-CoA in many tissues. The enzyme is a tetramer (relative molecular weight approximately 440,000) of apparently identical subunits. It catalyzes the formation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate from citrate and CoA with a concomitant hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and phosphate. The product, acetyl-CoA, serves several important biosynthetic pathways, including lipogenesis and cholesterogenesis. In nervous tissue, ATP citrate-lyase may be involved in the biosynthesis of acetylcholine. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| MAK | male germ cell-associated kinase|The product of this gene is a serine/threonine protein kinase related to kinases involved in cell cycle regulation. It is expressed almost exclusively in the testis, primarily in germ cells. Studies of the mouse and rat homologs have localized the kinase to the chromosomes during meiosis in spermatogenesis, specifically to the synaptonemal complex that exists while homologous chromosomes are paired. There is, however, a study of the mouse homolog that has identified high levels of expression in developing sensory epithelia so its function may be more generalized. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| DEC1 | deleted in esophageal cancer 1|The function of this gene is not known. This gene is located in a region commonly deleted in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Gene expression is reduced or absent in these carcinomas and thus this is a candidate tumor suppressor gene for esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CHMP5 | charged multivesicular body protein 5|CHMP5 belongs to the chromatin-modifying protein/charged multivesicular body protein (CHMP) family. These proteins are components of ESCRT-III (endosomal sorting complex required for transport III), a complex involved in degradation of surface receptor proteins and formation of endocytic multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Some CHMPs have both nuclear and cytoplasmic/vesicular distributions, and one such CHMP, CHMP1A (MIM 164010), is required for both MVB formation and regulation of cell cycle progression (Tsang et al., 2006 [PubMed 16730941]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MAL | mal, T-cell differentiation protein|The protein encoded by this gene is a highly hydrophobic integral membrane protein belonging to the MAL family of proteolipids. The protein has been localized to the endoplasmic reticulum of T-cells and is a candidate linker protein in T-cell signal transduction. In addition, this proteolipid is localized in compact myelin of cells in the nervous system and has been implicated in myelin biogenesis and/or function. The protein plays a role in the formation, stabilization and maintenance of glycosphingolipid-enriched membrane microdomains. Down-regulation of this gene has been associated with a variety of human epithelial malignancies. Alternative splicing produces four transcript variants which vary from each other by the presence or absence of alternatively spliced exons 2 and 3. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| FIGF | c-fos induced growth factor (vascular endothelial growth factor D)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (PDGF/VEGF) family and is active in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and endothelial cell growth. This secreted protein undergoes a complex proteolytic maturation, generating multiple processed forms which bind and activate VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 receptors. This protein is structurally and functionally similar to vascular endothelial growth factor C. Read-through transcription has been observed between this locus and the upstream PIR (GeneID 8544) locus. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| EIF2AK2 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is activated by autophosphorylation after binding to dsRNA. The activated form of the encoded protein can phosphorylate translation initiation factor EIF2S1, which in turn inhibits protein synthesis. This protein is also activated by manganese ions and heparin. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| EVL | Enah/Vasp-like| |
| ALDH3A2 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A2|Aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes are thought to play a major role in the detoxification of aldehydes generated by alcohol metabolism and lipid peroxidation. This gene product catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain aliphatic aldehydes to fatty acid. Mutations in the gene cause Sjogren-Larsson syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EVC | Ellis van Creveld protein|This gene encodes a protein containing a leucine zipper and a transmembrane domain. This gene has been implicated in both Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EvC) and Weyers acrodental dysostosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WFDC1 | WAP four-disulfide core domain 1|This gene encodes a member of the WAP-type four disulfide core domain family. The WAP-type four-disulfide core domain contains eight cysteines forming four disulfide bonds at the core of the protein, and functions as a protease inhibitor in many family members. This gene is mapped to chromosome 16q24, an area of frequent loss of heterozygosity in cancers, including prostate, breast and hepatocellular cancers and Wilms' tumor. This gene is downregulated in many cancer types and may be involved in the inhibition of cell proliferation. The encoded protein may also play a role in the susceptibility of certain CD4 memory T cells to human immunodeficiency virus infection. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| MGST2 | microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2|The MAPEG (Membrane Associated Proteins in Eicosanoid and Glutathione metabolism) family consists of six human proteins, several of which are involved in the production of leukotrienes and prostaglandin E, important mediators of inflammation. This gene encodes a protein which catalyzes the conjugation of leukotriene A4 and reduced glutathione to produce leukotriene C4. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified in this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| MGST3 | microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3|This gene encodes a member of the MAPEG (Membrane Associated Proteins in Eicosanoid and Glutathione metabolism) protein family. Members of this family are involved in the production of leukotrienes and prostaglandin E, important mediators of inflammation. This gene encodes an enzyme which catalyzes the conjugation of leukotriene A4 and reduced glutathione to produce leukotriene C4. This enzyme also demonstrates glutathione-dependent peroxidase activity towards lipid hydroperoxides.[provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| CHAD | chondroadherin|Chondroadherin is a cartilage matrix protein thought to mediate adhesion of isolated chondrocytes. The protein contains 11 leucine-rich repeats flanked by cysteine-rich regions. The chondroadherin messenger RNA is present in chondrocytes at all ages. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MGST1 | microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1|The MAPEG (Membrane Associated Proteins in Eicosanoid and Glutathione metabolism) family consists of six human proteins, two of which are involved in the production of leukotrienes and prostaglandin E, important mediators of inflammation. Other family members, demonstrating glutathione S-transferase and peroxidase activities, are involved in cellular defense against toxic, carcinogenic, and pharmacologically active electrophilic compounds. This gene encodes a protein that catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione to electrophiles and the reduction of lipid hydroperoxides. This protein is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and outer mitochondrial membrane where it is thought to protect these membranes from oxidative stress. Several transcript variants, some non-protein coding and some protein coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| EDC4 | enhancer of mRNA decapping 4| |
| KRTAP19-5 | keratin associated protein 19-5| |
| ATXN3L | ataxin 3-like|This intronless gene may be a pseudogene (PMID:11450850). This gene is similar to the multi-exon gene which encodes ataxin 3 and contains a coding region which could encode a protein similar to ataxin 3. Mutations in the gene encoding ataxin 3 are associated with Machado-Joseph disease. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| SEMA4C | sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), transmembrane domain (TM) and short cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 4C| |
| CSDE1 | cold shock domain containing E1, RNA-binding| |
| ZNF454 | zinc finger protein 454| |
| BACH2 | BTB and CNC homology 1, basic leucine zipper transcription factor 2| |
| BACH1 | BTB and CNC homology 1, basic leucine zipper transcription factor 1|This gene encodes a transcription factor that belongs to the cap'n'collar type of basic region leucine zipper factor family (CNC-bZip). The encoded protein contains broad complex, tramtrack, bric-a-brac/poxvirus and zinc finger (BTB/POZ) domains, which is atypical of CNC-bZip family members. These BTB/POZ domains facilitate protein-protein interactions and formation of homo- and/or hetero-oligomers. When this encoded protein forms a heterodimer with MafK, it functions as a repressor of Maf recognition element (MARE) and transcription is repressed. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| C6orf203 | chromosome 6 open reading frame 203| |
| PAM16 | presequence translocase-associated motor 16 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| GMDS | GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase|GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase (GMD; EC 4.2.1.47) catalyzes the conversion of GDP-mannose to GDP-4-keto-6-deoxymannose, the first step in the synthesis of GDP-fucose from GDP-mannose, using NADP+ as a cofactor. The second and third steps of the pathway are catalyzed by a single enzyme, GDP-keto-6-deoxymannose 3,5-epimerase, 4-reductase, designated FX in humans (MIM 137020).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2009] |
| LSR | lipolysis stimulated lipoprotein receptor| |
| LSS | lanosterol synthase (2,3-oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase)|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the conversion of (S)-2,3 oxidosqualene to lanosterol. The encoded protein is a member of the terpene cyclase/mutase family and catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, steroid hormones, and vitamin D. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| RASEF | RAS and EF-hand domain containing|This gene is a member of the Rab family of GTPases that are involved in regulation of membrane traffic. The encoded protein contains an N-terminal EF-hand domain, a coiled-coil motif and a C-terminal Rab domain. A potential role as tumor suppressor has been indicated for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| JAGN1 | jagunal homolog 1 (Drosophila)|The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane protein. It functions in the early secretory pathway and is necessary for neutrophil differentiation and survival. Mutations in this gene result in severe congenital neutropenia. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| KCNIP4 | Kv channel interacting protein 4|This gene encodes a member of the family of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel-interacting proteins (KCNIPs), which belong to the recoverin branch of the EF-hand superfamily. Members of the KCNIP family are small calcium binding proteins. They all have EF-hand-like domains, and differ from each other in the N-terminus. They are integral subunit components of native Kv4 channel complexes. They may regulate A-type currents, and hence neuronal excitability, in response to changes in intracellular calcium. This protein member also interacts with presenilin. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNIP3 | Kv channel interacting protein 3, calsenilin|This gene encodes a member of the family of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel-interacting proteins, which belong to the recoverin branch of the EF-hand superfamily. Members of this family are small calcium binding proteins containing EF-hand-like domains. They are integral subunit components of native Kv4 channel complexes that may regulate A-type currents, and hence neuronal excitability, in response to changes in intracellular calcium. The encoded protein also functions as a calcium-regulated transcriptional repressor, and interacts with presenilins. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNIP2 | Kv channel interacting protein 2|This gene encodes a member of the family of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel-interacting proteins (KCNIPs), which belongs to the recoverin branch of the EF-hand superfamily. Members of the KCNIP family are small calcium binding proteins. They all have EF-hand-like domains, and differ from each other in the N-terminus. They are integral subunit components of native Kv4 channel complexes. They may regulate A-type currents, and hence neuronal excitability, in response to changes in intracellular calcium. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified from this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNIP1 | Kv channel interacting protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the family of cytosolic voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel-interacting proteins (KCNIPs), which belong to the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) family of the calcium binding EF-hand proteins. They associate with Kv4 alpha subunits to form native Kv4 channel complexes. The encoded protein may regulate rapidly inactivating (A-type) currents, and hence neuronal membrane excitability, in response to changes in the concentration of intracellular calcium. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| CRTAP | cartilage associated protein|The protein encoded by this gene is similar to the chicken and mouse CRTAP genes. The encoded protein is a scaffolding protein that may influence the activity of at least one member of the cytohesin/ARNO family in response to specific cellular stimuli. Defects in this gene are associated with osteogenesis imperfecta, a connective tissue disorder characterized by bone fragility and low bone mass. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRSS56 | protease, serine, 56|This gene encodes a protein that contains a peptidase S1 domain and possesses trypsin-like serine protease activity. The encoded protein may play a role in eye development, and mutations in this gene are a cause of autosomal recessive posterior microphthalmos. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| PRSS50 | protease, serine, 50| |
| HAND1 | heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors. This gene product is one of two closely related family members, the HAND proteins, which are asymmetrically expressed in the developing ventricular chambers and play an essential role in cardiac morphogenesis. Working in a complementary fashion, they function in the formation of the right ventricle and aortic arch arteries, implicating them as mediators of congenital heart disease. In addition, it has been suggested that this transcription factor may be required for early trophoblast differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MPV17 | MpV17 mitochondrial inner membrane protein|This gene encodes a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that is implicated in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the hepatocerebral form of mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDDS). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LIN28B | lin-28 homolog B (C. elegans)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the lin-28 family, which is characterized by the presence of a cold-shock domain and a pair of CCHC zinc finger domains. This gene is highly expressed in testis, fetal liver, placenta, and in primary human tumors and cancer cell lines. It is negatively regulated by microRNAs that target sites in the 3' UTR, and overexpression of this gene in primary tumors is linked to the repression of let-7 family of microRNAs and derepression of let-7 targets, which facilitates cellular transformation. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| LIN28A | lin-28 homolog A (C. elegans)| |
| FAM136A | family with sequence similarity 136, member A| |
| OTUD7B | OTU deubiquitinase 7B| |
| MOGAT3 | monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 3|Acyl-CoA:monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MOGAT; EC 2.3.1.22) catalyzes the synthesis of diacylglycerol from 2-monoacylglycerol and fatty acyl-CoA (Cheng et al., 2003 [PubMed 12618427]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| RBM12B | RNA binding motif protein 12B| |
| HMCN1 | hemicentin 1|This gene encodes a large extracellular member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. A similar protein in C. elegans forms long, fine tracks at specific extracellular sites that are involved in many processes such as stabilization of the germline syncytium, anchorage of mechanosensory neurons to the epidermis, and organization of hemidesmosomes in the epidermis. Mutations in this gene may be associated with age-related macular degeneration. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANAPC2 | anaphase promoting complex subunit 2|A large protein complex, termed the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), or the cyclosome, promotes metaphase-anaphase transition by ubiquitinating its specific substrates such as mitotic cyclins and anaphase inhibitor, which are subsequently degraded by the 26S proteasome. Biochemical studies have shown that the vertebrate APC contains eight subunits. The composition of the APC is highly conserved in organisms from yeast to humans. The product of this gene is a component of the complex and shares sequence similarity with a recently identified family of proteins called cullins, which may also be involved in ubiquitin-mediated degradation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANAPC5 | anaphase promoting complex subunit 5|This gene encodes a tetratricopeptide repeat-containing component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a large E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls cell cycle progression by targeting a number of cell cycle regulators such as B-type cyclins for 26S proteasome-mediated degradation through ubiquitination. The encoded protein is required for the proper ubiquitination function of APC/C and for the interaction of APC/C with transcription coactivators. It also interacts with polyA binding protein and represses internal ribosome entry site-mediated translation. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. These differences cause translation initiation at a downstream AUG and result in a shorter protein (isoform b), compared to isoform a. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| ANAPC4 | anaphase promoting complex subunit 4|A large protein complex, termed the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), or the cyclosome, promotes metaphase-anaphase transition by ubiquitinating its specific substrates such as mitotic cyclins and anaphase inhibitor, which are subsequently degraded by the 26S proteasome. Biochemical studies have shown that the vertebrate APC contains eight subunits. The composition of the APC is highly conserved in organisms from yeast to humans. The exact function of this gene product is not known. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| ANAPC7 | anaphase promoting complex subunit 7|This gene encodes a tetratricopeptide repeat containing component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a large E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls cell cycle progression by targeting a number of cell cycle regulators such as B-type cyclins for 26S proteasome-mediated degradation through ubiquitination. The encoded protein is required for proper protein ubiquitination function of APC/C and for the interaction of APC/C with certain transcription coactivators. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| NRXN2 | neurexin 2|This gene encodes a member of the neurexin gene family. The products of these genes function as cell adhesion molecules and receptors in the vertebrate nervous system. These genes utilize two promoters. The majority of transcripts are produced from the upstream promoter and encode alpha-neurexin isoforms while a smaller number of transcripts are produced from the downstream promoter and encode beta-neuresin isoforms. The alpha-neurexins contain epidermal growth factor-like (EGF-like) sequences and laminin G domains, and have been shown to interact with neurexophilins. The beta-neurexins lack EGF-like sequences and contain fewer laminin G domains than alpha-neurexins. Alternative splicing and the use of alternative promoters may generate thousands of transcript variants (PMID: 12036300, PMID: 11944992).[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| RPS6KA1 | ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90kDa, polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the RSK (ribosomal S6 kinase) family of serine/threonine kinases. This kinase contains 2 nonidentical kinase catalytic domains and phosphorylates various substrates, including members of the mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway. The activity of this protein has been implicated in controlling cell growth and differentiation. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPS6KA2 | ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90kDa, polypeptide 2|This gene encodes a member of the RSK (ribosomal S6 kinase) family of serine/threonine kinases. This kinase contains 2 non-identical kinase catalytic domains and phosphorylates various substrates, including members of the mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway. The activity of this protein has been implicated in controlling cell growth and differentiation. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SNRPB2 | small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide B|The protein encoded by this gene associates with stem loop IV of U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (U2 snRNP) in the presence of snRNP-A'. The encoded protein may play a role in pre-mRNA splicing. Autoantibodies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus frequently recognize epitopes on the encoded protein. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPS20 | ribosomal protein S20|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S10P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. This gene is co-transcribed with the small nucleolar RNA gene U54, which is located in its second intron. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| RPS6KA5 | ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90kDa, polypeptide 5| |
| RPS6KA6 | ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90kDa, polypeptide 6|This gene encodes a member of ribosomal S6 kinase family, serine-threonine protein kinases which are regulated by growth factors. The encoded protein may be distinct from other members of this family, however, as studies suggest it is not growth factor dependent and may not participate in the same signaling pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| RD3L | retinal degeneration 3-like| |
| PISD | phosphatidylserine decarboxylase|Phosphatidylserine decarboxylases (PSDs; EC 4.1.1.65) catalyze the formation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) by decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine (PS). Type I PSDs, such as PISD, are targeted to the inner mitochondrial membrane by an N-terminal targeting sequence. PISD also contains a conserved LGST motif that functions as an autocatalytic cleavage site where the proenzyme is split into mature alpha and beta subunits (Schuiki and Daum, 2009 [PubMed 19165886]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2010] |
| PSMD14 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 14|This gene encodes a component of the 26S proteasome. The 26S proteasome is a large multiprotein complex that catalyzes the degradation of ubiquitinated intracellular proteins. The encoded protein is a component of the 19S regulatory cap complex of the 26S proteasome and mediates substrate deubiquitination. A pseudogene of this gene is also located on the long arm of chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| PSMD11 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 11|The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. This gene encodes a member of the proteasome subunit S9 family that functions as a non-ATPase subunit of the 19S regulator and is phosphorylated by AMP-activated protein kinase. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| PSMD10 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 10|This gene encodes a subunit of the PA700/19S complex, which is the regulatory component of the 26S proteasome. The 26S proteosome complex is required for ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation. This protein is a non-ATPase subunit that may be involved in protein-protein interactions. Aberrant expression of this gene may paly a role in tumorigenesis. Two transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described. Pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 3 and 20.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| PSMD13 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 13|The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes a non-ATPase subunit of the 19S regulator. Two transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PSMD12 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 12|The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes a non-ATPase subunit of the 19S regulator. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BOD1 | biorientation of chromosomes in cell division 1| |
| FTCD | formimidoyltransferase cyclodeaminase|The protein encoded by this gene is a bifunctional enzyme that channels 1-carbon units from formiminoglutamate, a metabolite of the histidine degradation pathway, to the folate pool. Mutations in this gene are associated with glutamate formiminotransferase deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| UTP23 | UTP23, small subunit (SSU) processome component, homolog (yeast)| |
| UTP20 | UTP20, small subunit (SSU) processome component, homolog (yeast)|UTP20 is a component of the U3 small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) (SNORD3A; MIM 180710) protein complex (U3 snoRNP) and is involved in 18S rRNA processing (Wang et al., 2007 [PubMed 17498821]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009] |
| TRDMT1 | tRNA aspartic acid methyltransferase 1|This gene encodes a protein responsible for the methylation of aspartic acid transfer RNA, specifically at the cytosine-38 residue in the anticodon loop. This enzyme also possesses residual DNA-(cytosine-C5) methyltransferase activity. While similar in sequence and structure to DNA cytosine methyltransferases, this gene is distinct and highly conserved in its function among taxa. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| RTFDC1 | replication termination factor 2 domain containing 1| |
| ASAP3 | ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 3|This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of ADP-ribosylation factor(Arf) GTPase-activating proteins that contain additional ankyrin repeat and pleckstrin homology domains. The Arf GAP domain of this protein catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP bound to Arf proteins. The encoded protein promotes cell differentiation and migration and has been implicated in cancer cell invasion. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| NRXN1 | neurexin 1|Neurexins function in the vertebrate nervous system as cell adhesion molecules and receptors. Two neurexin genes are among the largest known in human (NRXN1 and NRXN3). By using alternate promoters, splice sites and exons, predictions of hundreds or even thousands of distinct mRNAs have been made. Most transcripts use the upstream promoter and encode alpha-neurexin isoforms; fewer transcripts are produced from the downstream promoter and encode beta-neurexin isoforms. Alpha-neurexins contain epidermal growth factor-like (EGF-like) sequences and laminin G domains, and they interact with neurexophilins. Beta-neurexins lack EGF-like sequences and contain fewer laminin G domains than alpha-neurexins. The RefSeq Project has decided to create only a few representative transcript variants of the multitude that are possible. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| METTL2B | methyltransferase like 2B|This gene is a member of a family of methyltransferases that share homology with, but are distinct from, the UbiE family of methyltransferases. Alternatively spliced variants which encode different protein isoforms have been described; however, not all variants have been fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| METTL2A | methyltransferase like 2A| |
| MAGEB4 | melanoma antigen family B4|This gene is a member of the MAGEB gene family. The members of this family have their entire coding sequences located in the last exon, and the encoded proteins show 50 to 68% sequence identity to each other. The promoters and first exons of the MAGEB genes show considerable variability, suggesting that the existence of this gene family enables the same function to be expressed under different transcriptional controls. The MAGEB genes are clustered on chromosome Xp22-p21. This gene sequence ends in the first intron of MAGEB1, another family member. This gene is expressed in testis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TOPAZ1 | testis and ovary specific PAZ domain containing 1| |
| VAPB | VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein)-associated protein B and C|The protein encoded by this gene is a type IV membrane protein found in plasma and intracellular vesicle membranes. The encoded protein is found as a homodimer and as a heterodimer with VAPA. This protein also can interact with VAMP1 and VAMP2 and may be involved in vesicle trafficking. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VAPA | VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein)-associated protein A, 33kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is a type IV membrane protein. It is present in the plasma membrane and intracellular vesicles. It may also be associated with the cytoskeleton. This protein may function in vesicle trafficking, membrane fusion, protein complex assembly and cell motility. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NPHP3 | nephronophthisis 3 (adolescent)|This gene encodes a protein containing a coiled-coil (CC) domain, a tubulin-tyrosine ligase (TTL) domain, and a tetratrico peptide repeat (TPR) domain. The encoded protein interacts with nephrocystin, it is required for normal ciliary development, and it functions in renal tubular development. Mutations in this gene are associated with nephronophthisis type 3, and also with renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia, and Meckel syndrome type 7. Naturally occurring read-through transcripts exist between this gene and the downstream ACAD11 (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family, member 11) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| GALNT4 | polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 4|This gene encodes a member of the UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family of enzymes. GalNAc-Ts initiate mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus by catalyzing the transfer of GalNAc to serine and threonine residues on target proteins. They are characterized by an N-terminal transmembrane domain, a stem region, a lumenal catalytic domain containing a GT1 motif and Gal/GalNAc transferase motif, and a C-terminal ricin/lectin-like domain. GalNAc-Ts have different, but overlapping, substrate specificities and patterns of expression. In vitro, the encoded protein can complement other GalNAc-Ts in the complete O-glycosylation of the mucin-1 tandem repeat and can O-glycosylate the P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 molecule. The coding region of this gene is contained within a single exon. Fusion transcripts, which combine part of this gene with the 5' exons of the neighboring POC1B (POC1 centriolar protein homolog B) gene, also exist. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| TPTE2 | transmembrane phosphoinositide 3-phosphatase and tensin homolog 2|TPIP is a member of a large class of membrane-associated phosphatases with substrate specificity for the 3-position phosphate of inositol phospholipids.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002] |
| NPHP4 | nephronophthisis 4|This gene encodes a protein involved in renal tubular development and function. This protein interacts with nephrocystin, and belongs to a multifunctional complex that is localized to actin- and microtubule-based structures. Mutations in this gene are associated with nephronophthisis type 4, a renal disease, and with Senior-Loken syndrome type 4, a combination of nephronophthisis and retinitis pigmentosa. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| CTH | cystathionine gamma-lyase|This gene encodes a cytoplasmic enzyme in the trans-sulfuration pathway that converts cystathione derived from methionine into cysteine. Glutathione synthesis in the liver is dependent upon the availability of cysteine. Mutations in this gene cause cystathioninuria. Alternative splicing of this gene results in three transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| EXOSC10 | exosome component 10| |
| ARF3 | ADP-ribosylation factor 3|ADP-ribosylation factor 3 (ARF3) is a member of the human ARF gene family. These genes encode small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that stimulate the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of cholera toxin and play a role in vesicular trafficking and as activators of phospholipase D. The gene products include 6 ARF proteins and 11 ARF-like proteins and constitute 1 family of the RAS superfamily. The ARF proteins are categorized as class I (ARF1, ARF2,and ARF3), class II (ARF4 and ARF5) and class III (ARF6) and members of each class share a common gene organization. The ARF3 gene contains five exons and four introns. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRT15 | keratin 15, type I|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. The keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into cytokeratins and hair keratins. Most of the type I cytokeratins consist of acidic proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains and are clustered in a region on chromosome 17q21.2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAFIP | MAFF interacting protein (pseudogene)|This gene was originally thought to be a protein coding gene. However, the encoded protein sequence is highly similar to the C-terminal sequence of the tektin-4 protein, and the transcript sequences of this gene are highly similar to the TEKT4 pseudogenes, which are found on chromosomes 4, 21 and Y, respectively. Therefore, this gene is thought to be another pseudogene of the TEKT4 gene (GeneID:150483). Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| ARF6 | ADP-ribosylation factor 6|This gene encodes a member of the human ARF gene family, which is part of the RAS superfamily. The ARF genes encode small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that stimulate the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of cholera toxin and play a role in vesicular trafficking and as activators of phospholipase D. The product of this gene is localized to the plasma membrane, and regulates vesicular trafficking, remodelling of membrane lipids, and signaling pathways that lead to actin remodeling. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 7. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARF5 | ADP-ribosylation factor 5|This gene is a member of the human ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) gene family. These genes encode small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that stimulate the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of cholera toxin and play a role in vesicular trafficking and as activators of phospholipase D. The gene products include 6 ARF proteins and 11 ARF-like proteins and constitute 1 family of the RAS superfamily. The ARF proteins are categorized as class I (ARF1, ARF2,and ARF3), class II (ARF4 and ARF5) and class III (ARF6). The members of each class share a common gene organization. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| ARF4 | ADP-ribosylation factor 4|This gene is a member of the human ARF gene family whose members encode small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that stimulate the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of cholera toxin and play a role in vesicular trafficking and as activators of phospholipase D. The gene products include 5 ARF proteins and 11 ARF-like proteins and constitute one family of the RAS superfamily. The ARF proteins are categorized as class I, class II and class III; this gene is a class II member. The members of each class share a common gene organization. The ARF4 gene spans approximately 12kb and contains six exons and five introns. This gene is the most divergent member of the human ARFs. Conflicting map positions at 3p14 or 3p21 have been reported for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MOBP | myelin-associated oligodendrocyte basic protein| |
| GALNT3 | polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3|This gene encodes UDP-GalNAc transferase 3, a member of the GalNAc-transferases family. This family transfers an N-acetyl galactosamine to the hydroxyl group of a serine or threonine residue in the first step of O-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis. Individual GalNAc-transferases have distinct activities and initiation of O-glycosylation is regulated by a repertoire of GalNAc-transferases. The protein encoded by this gene is highly homologous to other family members, however the enzymes have different substrate specificities. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BBX | bobby sox homolog (Drosophila)| |
| PRADC1 | protease-associated domain containing 1| |
| MYLK4 | myosin light chain kinase family, member 4| |
| GLP1R | glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor| |
| MYLK2 | myosin light chain kinase 2|This gene encodes a myosin light chain kinase, a calcium/calmodulin dependent enzyme, that is exclusively expressed in adult skeletal muscle. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MYLK3 | myosin light chain kinase 3|Phosphorylation of cardiac myosin heavy chains (see MYH7B, MIM 609928) and light chains (see MYL2, MIM 160781) by a kinase, such as MYLK3, potentiates the force and rate of cross-bridge recruitment in cardiac myocytes (Chan et al., 2008 [PubMed 18202317]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2008] |
| RGPD3 | RANBP2-like and GRIP domain containing 3|This gene is located in a cluster of Ran-binding protein related genes on chromosome 2 which arose through duplication in primates. The encoded protein contains an N-terminal TPR (tetratricopeptide repeat) domain, two Ran-binding domains, and a C-terminal GRIP domain (golgin-97, RanBP2alpha, Imh1p and p230/golgin-245) domain. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| RGPD1 | RANBP2-like and GRIP domain containing 1| |
| RGPD6 | RANBP2-like and GRIP domain containing 6| |
| RGPD4 | RANBP2-like and GRIP domain containing 4| |
| TRMT44 | tRNA methyltransferase 44 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|The protein encoded by this gene is a putative tRNA methyltransferase found in the cytoplasm. Defects in this gene may be a cause of partial epilepsy with pericentral spikes (PEPS), but that has not been proven definitively. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| MOB2 | MOB kinase activator 2| |
| IRF7 | interferon regulatory factor 7|IRF7 encodes interferon regulatory factor 7, a member of the interferon regulatory transcription factor (IRF) family. IRF7 has been shown to play a role in the transcriptional activation of virus-inducible cellular genes, including interferon beta chain genes. Inducible expression of IRF7 is largely restricted to lymphoid tissue. Multiple IRF7 transcript variants have been identified, although the functional consequences of these have not yet been established. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RGPD8 | RANBP2-like and GRIP domain containing 8| |
| PQLC2 | PQ loop repeat containing 2| |
| PQLC1 | PQ loop repeat containing 1| |
| RAB11FIP3 | RAB11 family interacting protein 3 (class II)|Proteins of the large Rab GTPase family (see RAB1A; MIM 179508) have regulatory roles in the formation, targeting, and fusion of intracellular transport vesicles. RAB11FIP3 is one of many proteins that interact with and regulate Rab GTPases (Hales et al., 2001 [PubMed 11495908]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| LOXHD1 | lipoxygenase homology domains 1|This gene encodes a highly conserved protein consisting entirely of PLAT (polycystin/lipoxygenase/alpha-toxin) domains, thought to be involved in targeting proteins to the plasma membrane. Studies in mice show that this gene is expressed in the mechanosensory hair cells in the inner ear, and mutations in this gene lead to auditory defects, indicating that this gene is essential for normal hair cell function. Screening of human families segregating deafness identified a mutation in this gene which causes DFNB77, a progressive form of autosomal-recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| RAB11FIP1 | RAB11 family interacting protein 1 (class I)|This gene encodes one of the Rab11-family interacting proteins (Rab11-FIPs), which play a role in the Rab-11 mediated recycling of vesicles. The encoded protein may be involved in endocytic sorting, trafficking of proteins including integrin subunits and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and transport between the recycling endosome and the trans-Golgi network. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene is described on the X chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| RAB11FIP5 | RAB11 family interacting protein 5 (class I)| |
| RAB11FIP4 | RAB11 family interacting protein 4 (class II)|Proteins of the large Rab GTPase family (see RAB1A; MIM 179508) have regulatory roles in the formation, targeting, and fusion of intracellular transport vesicles. RAB11FIP4 is one of many proteins that interact with and regulate Rab GTPases (Hales et al., 2001 [PubMed 11495908]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2008] |
| BPIFA1 | BPI fold containing family A, member 1|This gene is the human homolog of murine plunc, and like the mouse gene, is specifically expressed in the upper airways and nasopharyngeal regions. The encoded antimicrobial protein displays antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. It is thought to be involved in inflammatory responses to irritants in the upper airways and may also serve as a potential molecular marker for detection of micrometastasis in non-small-cell lung cancer. Multiple transcript variants resulting from alternative splicing in the 3' UTR have been detected, but the full-length nature of only three are known. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014] |
| KIAA1524 | KIAA1524| |
| METTL23 | methyltransferase like 23|The protein encoded by this gene functions as a transcription factor regulator in the transcriptional pathway for human cognition. It is a partner of the alpha subunit of the GA-binding protein transcription factor. Mutations in this gene cause mild autosomal recessive intellectual disability. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| METTL22 | methyltransferase like 22| |
| L1RE1 | LINE1 retrotransposable element 1| |
| METTL20 | methyltransferase like 20| |
| SPP1 | secreted phosphoprotein 1|The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the attachment of osteoclasts to the mineralized bone matrix. The encoded protein is secreted and binds hydroxyapatite with high affinity. The osteoclast vitronectin receptor is found in the cell membrane and may be involved in the binding to this protein. This protein is also a cytokine that upregulates expression of interferon-gamma and interleukin-12. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| METTL25 | methyltransferase like 25| |
| SPP2 | secreted phosphoprotein 2, 24kDa|This gene encodes a secreted phosphoprotein that is a member of the cystatin superfamily. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| RAB7A | RAB7A, member RAS oncogene family|RAB family members are small, RAS-related GTP-binding proteins that are important regulators of vesicular transport. Each RAB protein targets multiple proteins that act in exocytic / endocytic pathways. This gene encodes a RAB family member that regulates vesicle traffic in the late endosomes and also from late endosomes to lysosomes. This encoded protein is also involved in the cellular vacuolation of the VacA cytotoxin of Helicobacter pylori. Mutations at highly conserved amino acid residues in this gene have caused some forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) type 2 neuropathies. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LRRC23 | leucine rich repeat containing 23| |
| MYL6B | myosin, light chain 6B, alkali, smooth muscle and non-muscle|Myosin is a hexameric ATPase cellular motor protein. It is composed of two heavy chains, two nonphosphorylatable alkali light chains, and two phosphorylatable regulatory light chains. This gene encodes a myosin alkali light chain expressed in both slow-twitch skeletal muscle and in nonmuscle tissue. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| SLITRK6 | SLIT and NTRK-like family, member 6|This gene encodes a member of the SLITRK protein family. Members of this family are integral membrane proteins that are characterized by two N-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains and a C-terminal region that shares homology with trk neurotrophin receptors. This protein functions as a regulator of neurite outgrowth required for normal hearing and vision. Mutations in this gene are a cause of myopia and deafness. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| IFIH1 | interferon induced with helicase C domain 1|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein that is upregulated in response to treatment with beta-interferon and a protein kinase C-activating compound, mezerein. Irreversible reprogramming of melanomas can be achieved by treatment with both these agents; treatment with either agent alone only achieves reversible differentiation. Genetic variation in this gene is associated with diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent type 19. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| ACTR10 | actin-related protein 10 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| CBLC | Cbl proto-oncogene C, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This gene encodes a member of the Cbl family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Cbl proteins play important roles in cell signaling through the ubiquitination and subsequent downregulation of tyrosine kinases. Expression of this gene may be restricted to epithelial cells, and alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| HMGB2 | high mobility group box 2|This gene encodes a member of the non-histone chromosomal high mobility group protein family. The proteins of this family are chromatin-associated and ubiquitously distributed in the nucleus of higher eukaryotic cells. In vitro studies have demonstrated that this protein is able to efficiently bend DNA and form DNA circles. These studies suggest a role in facilitating cooperative interactions between cis-acting proteins by promoting DNA flexibility. This protein was also reported to be involved in the final ligation step in DNA end-joining processes of DNA double-strand breaks repair and V(D)J recombination. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EEF1A2 | eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2|This gene encodes an isoform of the alpha subunit of the elongation factor-1 complex, which is responsible for the enzymatic delivery of aminoacyl tRNAs to the ribosome. This isoform (alpha 2) is expressed in brain, heart and skeletal muscle, and the other isoform (alpha 1) is expressed in brain, placenta, lung, liver, kidney, and pancreas. This gene may be critical in the development of ovarian cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| KIAA1033 | KIAA1033|This gene encodes a component of the WASH complex, which functions in the intracellular transport of endosomes. Mutations in this gene have been detected in individuals with autosomal recessive mental retardation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| CHP1 | calcineurin-like EF-hand protein 1|This gene encodes a phosphoprotein that binds to the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1. This protein serves as an essential cofactor which supports the physiological activity of NHE family members and may play a role in the mitogenic regulation of NHE1. The protein shares similarity with calcineurin B and calmodulin and it is also known to be an endogenous inhibitor of calcineurin activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLITRK4 | SLIT and NTRK-like family, member 4|This gene encodes a transmembrane protein belonging to the the SLITRK family. These family members include two N-terminal leucine-rich repeat domains similar to those found in the axonal growth-controlling protein SLIT, as well as C-terminal regions similar to neurotrophin receptors. Studies of an homologous protein in mouse suggest that this family member functions to suppress neurite outgrowth. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| HMGB4 | high mobility group box 4| |
| ARL11 | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 11|This gene encodes a tumor suppressor related to the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family of proteins. The encoded protein may play a role in apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with some familial cancers. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| ARL10 | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 10| |
| RAB2B | RAB2B, member RAS oncogene family|Members of the Rab protein family are nontransforming monomeric GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily that contain 4 highly conserved regions involved in GTP binding and hydrolysis. Rab proteins are prenylated, membrane-bound proteins involved in vesicular fusion and trafficking; see MIM 179508.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2006] |
| SLFN12L | schlafen family member 12-like| |
| ARL15 | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 15| |
| ARL14 | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 14| |
| ARL16 | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 16| |
| GCHFR | GTP cyclohydrolase I feedback regulator|GTP cyclohydrolase I feedback regulatory protein binds to and mediates tetrahydrobiopterin inhibition of GTP cyclohydrolase I. The regulatory protein, GCHFR, consists of a homodimer. It is postulated that GCHFR may play a role in regulating phenylalanine metabolism in the liver and in the production of biogenic amine neurotransmitters and nitric oxide. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WDR45B | WD repeat domain 45B|This gene encodes a member of the WIPI or SVP1 family of WD40 repeat-containing proteins. The protein contains seven WD40 repeats that are thought to fold into a beta-propeller structure that mediates protein-protein interactions, and a conserved motif for interaction with phospholipids. The human genome contains several pseudogenes of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AASS | aminoadipate-semialdehyde synthase|This gene encodes a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the first two steps in the mammalian lysine degradation pathway. The N-terminal and the C-terminal portions of this enzyme contain lysine-ketoglutarate reductase and saccharopine dehydrogenase activity, respectively, resulting in the conversion of lysine to alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde. Mutations in this gene are associated with familial hyperlysinemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLITRK1 | SLIT and NTRK-like family, member 1|This gene encodes a member of the SLITRK protein family. Members of this family are integral membrane proteins that are characterized by two N-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains and a C-terminal region that shares homology with trk neurotrophin receptors. However, the protein encoded by this gene lacks the region of homology to neurotrophin receptors. This protein is thought to be involved in neurite outgrowth. Mutations in this gene may be associated with Tourette syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| KIF4B | kinesin family member 4B| |
| KIF4A | kinesin family member 4A|This gene encodes a member of the kinesin 4 subfamily of kinesin related proteins. The encoded protein is an ATP dependent microtubule-based motor protein that is involved in the intracellular transport of membranous organelles. This protein also associates with condensed chromosome arms and may be involved in maintaining chromosome integrity during mitosis. This protein may also be involved in the organization of the central spindle prior to cytokinesis. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome X.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| TMEM159 | transmembrane protein 159| |
| CLIP3 | CAP-GLY domain containing linker protein 3|This gene encodes a member of the cytoplasmic linker protein 170 family. Members of this protein family contain a cytoskeleton-associated protein glycine-rich domain and mediate the interaction of microtubules with cellular organelles. The encoded protein plays a role in T cell apoptosis by facilitating the association of tubulin and the lipid raft ganglioside GD3. The encoded protein also functions as a scaffold protein mediating membrane localization of phosphorylated protein kinase B. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| ACTL7B | actin-like 7B|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of actin-related proteins (ARPs) which share significant amino acid sequence identity to conventional actins. Both actins and ARPs have an actin fold, which is an ATP-binding cleft, as a common feature. The ARPs are involved in diverse cellular processes, including vesicular transport, spindle orientation, nuclear migration and chromatin remodeling. This gene (ACTL7B), and related gene, ACTL7A, are intronless, and are located approximately 4 kb apart in a head-to-head orientation within the familial dysautonomia candidate region on 9q31. Based on mutational analysis of the ACTL7B gene in patients with this disorder, it was concluded that it is unlikely to be involved in the pathogenesis of dysautonomia. Unlike ACTL7A, the ACTL7B gene is expressed predominantly in the testis, however, its exact function is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACTL7A | actin-like 7A|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of actin-related proteins (ARPs) which share significant amino acid sequence identity to conventional actins. Both actins and ARPs have an actin fold, which is an ATP-binding cleft, as a common feature. The ARPs are involved in diverse cellular processes, including vesicular transport, spindle orientation, nuclear migration and chromatin remodeling. This gene (ACTL7A), and related gene, ACTL7B, are intronless, and are located approximately 4 kb apart in a head-to-head orientation within the familial dysautonomia candidate region on 9q31. Based on mutational analysis of the ACTL7A gene in patients with this disorder, it was concluded that it is unlikely to be involved in the pathogenesis of dysautonomia. The ACTL7A gene is expressed in a wide variety of adult tissues, however, its exact function is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ETNK2 | ethanolamine kinase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of choline/ethanolamine kinase family which catalyzes the first step of phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) biosynthesis via the cytidine diphosphate (CDP) ethanolamine pathway. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| ETNK1 | ethanolamine kinase 1|This gene encodes an ethanolamine kinase, which functions in the first committed step of the phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis pathway. This cytosolic enzyme is specific for ethanolamine and exhibits negligible kinase activity on choline. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CLIP4 | CAP-GLY domain containing linker protein family, member 4| |
| MNDA | myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen|The myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) is detected only in nuclei of cells of the granulocyte-monocyte lineage. A 200-amino acid region of human MNDA is strikingly similar to a region in the proteins encoded by a family of interferon-inducible mouse genes, designated Ifi-201, Ifi-202, and Ifi-203, that are not regulated in a cell- or tissue-specific fashion. The 1.8-kb MNDA mRNA, which contains an interferon-stimulated response element in the 5-prime untranslated region, was significantly upregulated in human monocytes exposed to interferon alpha. MNDA is located within 2,200 kb of FCER1A, APCS, CRP, and SPTA1. In its pattern of expression and/or regulation, MNDA resembles IFI16, suggesting that these genes participate in blood cell-specific responses to interferons. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HEXDC | hexosaminidase (glycosyl hydrolase family 20, catalytic domain) containing| |
| FOS | FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog|The Fos gene family consists of 4 members: FOS, FOSB, FOSL1, and FOSL2. These genes encode leucine zipper proteins that can dimerize with proteins of the JUN family, thereby forming the transcription factor complex AP-1. As such, the FOS proteins have been implicated as regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and transformation. In some cases, expression of the FOS gene has also been associated with apoptotic cell death. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DHRS7B | dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 7B|This gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. It encodes a protein of unknown function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AP3B1 | adaptor-related protein complex 3, beta 1 subunit|This gene encodes a protein that may play a role in organelle biogenesis associated with melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and lysosomes. The encoded protein is part of the heterotetrameric AP-3 protein complex which interacts with the scaffolding protein clathrin. Mutations in this gene are associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 2. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| CD48 | CD48 molecule|This gene encodes a member of the CD2 subfamily of immunoglobulin-like receptors which includes SLAM (signaling lymphocyte activation molecules) proteins. The encoded protein is found on the surface of lymphocytes and other immune cells, dendritic cells and endothelial cells, and participates in activation and differentiation pathways in these cells. The encoded protein does not have a transmembrane domain, however, but is held at the cell surface by a GPI anchor via a C-terminal domain which maybe cleaved to yield a soluble form of the receptor. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| CLK2 | CDC-like kinase 2|This gene encodes a dual specificity protein kinase that phosphorylates serine/threonine and tyrosine-containing substrates. Activity of this protein regulates serine- and arginine-rich (SR) proteins of the spliceosomal complex, thereby influencing alternative transcript splicing. Chromosomal translocations have been characterized between this locus and the PAFAH1B3 (platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase 1b, catalytic subunit 3 (29kDa)) gene on chromosome 19, resulting in the production of a fusion protein. Note that this gene is distinct from the TELO2 gene (GeneID:9894), which shares the CLK2 alias, but encodes a protein that is involved in telomere length regulation. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 7. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| GCNT4 | glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 4, core 2| |
| MND1 | meiotic nuclear divisions 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|The product of the MND1 gene associates with HOP2 (MIM 608665) to form a stable heterodimeric complex that binds DNA and stimulates the recombinase activity of RAD51 (MIM 179617) and DMC1 (MIM 602721) (Chi et al., 2007 [PubMed 17639080]). Both the MND1 and HOP2 genes are indispensable for meiotic recombination.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CD44 | CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)|The protein encoded by this gene is a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cell-cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration. It is a receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA) and can also interact with other ligands, such as osteopontin, collagens, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This protein participates in a wide variety of cellular functions including lymphocyte activation, recirculation and homing, hematopoiesis, and tumor metastasis. Transcripts for this gene undergo complex alternative splicing that results in many functionally distinct isoforms, however, the full length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. Alternative splicing is the basis for the structural and functional diversity of this protein, and may be related to tumor metastasis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD47 | CD47 molecule|This gene encodes a membrane protein, which is involved in the increase in intracellular calcium concentration that occurs upon cell adhesion to extracellular matrix. The encoded protein is also a receptor for the C-terminal cell binding domain of thrombospondin, and it may play a role in membrane transport and signal transduction. This gene has broad tissue distribution, and is reduced in expression on Rh erythrocytes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| CD46 | CD46 molecule, complement regulatory protein|The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane protein and is a regulatory part of the complement system. The encoded protein has cofactor activity for inactivation of complement components C3b and C4b by serum factor I, which protects the host cell from damage by complement. In addition, the encoded protein can act as a receptor for the Edmonston strain of measles virus, human herpesvirus-6, and type IV pili of pathogenic Neisseria. Finally, the protein encoded by this gene may be involved in the fusion of the spermatozoa with the oocyte during fertilization. Mutations at this locus have been associated with susceptibility to hemolytic uremic syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| CA12 | carbonic anhydrase XII|Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. This gene product is a type I membrane protein that is highly expressed in normal tissues, such as kidney, colon and pancreas, and has been found to be overexpressed in 10% of clear cell renal carcinomas. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| CA11 | carbonic anhydrase XI|Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. They show extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. CA XI is likely a secreted protein, however, radical changes at active site residues completely conserved in CA isozymes with catalytic activity, make it unlikely that it has carbonic anhydrase activity. It shares properties in common with two other acatalytic CA isoforms, CA VIII and CA X. CA XI is most abundantly expressed in brain, and may play a general role in the central nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DMTN | dematin actin binding protein|The protein encoded by this gene is an actin binding and bundling protein that plays a structural role in erythrocytes, by stabilizing and attaching the spectrin/actin cytoskeleton to the erythrocyte membrane in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. This protein contains a core domain in the N-terminus, and a headpiece domain in the C-terminus that binds F-actin. When purified from erythrocytes, this protein exists as a trimer composed of two 48 kDa polypeptides and a 52 kDa polypeptide. The different subunits arise from alternative splicing in the 3' coding region, where the headpiece domain is located. Disruption of this gene has been correlated with the autosomal dominant Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis disease, while loss of heterozygosity of this gene is thought to play a role in prostate cancer progression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| FPGT | fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase|L-fucose is a key sugar in glycoproteins and other complex carbohydrates since it may be involved in many of the functional roles of these macromolecules, such as in cell-cell recognition. The fucosyl donor for these fucosylated oligosaccharides is GDP-beta-L-fucose. There are two alternate pathways for the biosynthesis of GDP-fucose; the major pathway converts GDP-alpha-D-mannose to GDP-beta-L-fucose. The protein encoded by this gene participates in an alternate pathway that is present in certain mammalian tissues, such as liver and kidney, and appears to function as a salvage pathway to reutilize L-fucose arising from the turnover of glycoproteins and glycolipids. This pathway involves the phosphorylation of L-fucose to form beta-L-fucose-1-phosphate, and then condensation of the beta-L-fucose-1-phosphate with GTP by fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase to form GDP-beta-L-fucose. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the neighboring downstream TNNI3 interacting kinase (TNNI3K) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| FPGS | folylpolyglutamate synthase|This gene encodes the folylpolyglutamate synthetase enzyme. This enzyme has a central role in establishing and maintaining both cytosolic and mitochondrial folylpolyglutamate concentrations and, therefore, is essential for folate homeostasis and the survival of proliferating cells. This enzyme catalyzes the ATP-dependent addition of glutamate moieties to folate and folate derivatives. Alternative splicing results in transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| VMA21 | VMA21 vacuolar H+-ATPase homolog (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a chaperone for assembly of lysosomal vacuolar ATPase.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| PDX1 | pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional activator of several genes, including insulin, somatostatin, glucokinase, islet amyloid polypeptide, and glucose transporter type 2. The encoded nuclear protein is involved in the early development of the pancreas and plays a major role in glucose-dependent regulation of insulin gene expression. Defects in this gene are a cause of pancreatic agenesis, which can lead to early-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), as well as maturity onset diabetes of the young type 4 (MODY4). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TPSAB1 | tryptase alpha/beta 1|Tryptases comprise a family of trypsin-like serine proteases, the peptidase family S1. Tryptases are enzymatically active only as heparin-stabilized tetramers, and they are resistant to all known endogenous proteinase inhibitors. Several tryptase genes are clustered on chromosome 16p13.3. These genes are characterized by several distinct features. They have a highly conserved 3' UTR and contain tandem repeat sequences at the 5' flank and 3' UTR which are thought to play a role in regulation of the mRNA stability. These genes have an intron immediately upstream of the initiator Met codon, which separates the site of transcription initiation from protein coding sequence. This feature is characteristic of tryptases but is unusual in other genes. The alleles of this gene exhibit an unusual amount of sequence variation, such that the alleles were once thought to represent two separate genes, alpha and beta 1. Beta tryptases appear to be the main isoenzymes expressed in mast cells; whereas in basophils, alpha tryptases predominate. Tryptases have been implicated as mediators in the pathogenesis of asthma and other allergic and inflammatory disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAB20 | RAB20, member RAS oncogene family| |
| CALY | calcyon neuron-specific vesicular protein|The protein encoded by this gene is a type II single transmembrane protein. It is required for maximal stimulated calcium release after stimulation of purinergic or muscarinic but not beta-adrenergic receptors. The encoded protein interacts with D1 dopamine receptor and may interact with other DA receptor subtypes and/or GPCRs. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EIF4E3 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E family member 3|EIF4E3 belongs to the EIF4E family of translational initiation factors that interact with the 5-prime cap structure of mRNA and recruit mRNA to the ribosome (Joshi et al., 2004 [PubMed 15153109]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| RAB23 | RAB23, member RAS oncogene family|This gene encodes a small GTPase of the Ras superfamily. Rab proteins are involved in the regulation of diverse cellular functions associated with intracellular membrane trafficking, including autophagy and immune response to bacterial infection. The encoded protein may play a role in central nervous system development by antagonizing sonic hedgehog signaling. Disruption of this gene has been implicated in Carpenter syndrome as well as cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| RAB24 | RAB24, member RAS oncogene family|RAB24 is a small GTPase of the Rab subfamily of Ras-related proteins that regulate intracellular protein trafficking (Olkkonen et al., 1993 [PubMed 8126105]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2009] |
| RAB25 | RAB25, member RAS oncogene family|RAB proteins, such as RAB25, are members of the RAS superfamily of small GTPases that are involved in membrane trafficking. Members of the RAB11 subfamily, including RAB25, control the return of internalized membrane-associated moieties to the cell surface (Caswell et al., 2007 [PubMed 17925226]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2009] |
| RAB26 | RAB26, member RAS oncogene family|Members of the RAB protein family, including RAB26, are important regulators of vesicular fusion and trafficking. The RAB family of small G proteins regulates intercellular vesicle trafficking, including exocytosis, endocytosis, and recycling (summary by Seki et al., 2000 [PubMed 11043516]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| SERP2 | stress-associated endoplasmic reticulum protein family member 2| |
| GLRA3 | glycine receptor, alpha 3|This gene encodes a member of the ligand-gated ion channel protein family. The encoded protein is a member of the glycine receptor subfamily. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| GLRA2 | glycine receptor, alpha 2|The glycine receptor consists of two subunits, alpha and beta, and acts as a pentamer. The protein encoded by this gene is an alpha subunit and can bind strychnine. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| CALR | calreticulin|Calreticulin is a multifunctional protein that acts as a major Ca(2+)-binding (storage) protein in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. It is also found in the nucleus, suggesting that it may have a role in transcription regulation. Calreticulin binds to the synthetic peptide KLGFFKR, which is almost identical to an amino acid sequence in the DNA-binding domain of the superfamily of nuclear receptors. Calreticulin binds to antibodies in certain sera of systemic lupus and Sjogren patients which contain anti-Ro/SSA antibodies, it is highly conserved among species, and it is located in the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum where it may bind calcium. The amino terminus of calreticulin interacts with the DNA-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor and prevents the receptor from binding to its specific glucocorticoid response element. Calreticulin can inhibit the binding of androgen receptor to its hormone-responsive DNA element and can inhibit androgen receptor and retinoic acid receptor transcriptional activities in vivo, as well as retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation. Thus, calreticulin can act as an important modulator of the regulation of gene transcription by nuclear hormone receptors. Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with increased autoantibody titers against calreticulin but calreticulin is not a Ro/SS-A antigen. Earlier papers referred to calreticulin as an Ro/SS-A antigen but this was later disproven. Increased autoantibody titer against human calreticulin is found in infants with complete congenital heart block of both the IgG and IgM classes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DZIP1L | DAZ interacting zinc finger protein 1-like| |
| ASAH2B | N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase (non-lysosomal ceramidase) 2B| |
| WDR78 | WD repeat domain 78| |
| FAR1 | fatty acyl CoA reductase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is required for the reduction of fatty acids to fatty alcohols, a process that is required for the synthesis of monoesters and ether lipids. NADPH is required as a cofactor in this reaction, and 16-18 carbon saturated and unsaturated fatty acids are the preferred substrate. This is a peroxisomal membrane protein, and studies suggest that the N-terminus contains a large catalytic domain located on the outside of the peroxisome, while the C-terminus is exposed to the matrix of the peroxisome. Studies indicate that the regulation of this protein is dependent on plasmalogen levels. Mutations in this gene have been associated with individuals affected by severe intellectual disability, early-onset epilepsy, microcephaly, congenital cataracts, growth retardation, and spasticity (PMID: 25439727). A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 13. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| ACTR1B | ARP1 actin-related protein 1 homolog B, centractin beta (yeast)|This gene encodes a 42.3 kD subunit of dynactin, a macromolecular complex consisting of 10 subunits ranging in size from 22 to 150 kD. Dynactin binds to both microtubules and cytoplasmic dynein and is involved in a diverse array of cellular functions, including ER-to-Golgi transport, the centripetal movement of lysosomes and endosomes, spindle formation, chromosome movement, nuclear positioning, and axonogenesis. This subunit, like ACTR1A, is an actin-related protein. These two proteins, which are of equal length and share 90% amino acid identity, are present in a constant ratio of approximately 1:15 in the dynactin complex. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| ACTR1A | ARP1 actin-related protein 1 homolog A, centractin alpha (yeast)|This gene encodes a 42.6 kD subunit of dynactin, a macromolecular complex consisting of 10-11 subunits ranging in size from 22 to 150 kD. Dynactin binds to both microtubules and cytoplasmic dynein. It is involved in a diverse array of cellular functions, including ER-to-Golgi transport, the centripetal movement of lysosomes and endosomes, spindle formation, chromosome movement, nuclear positioning, and axonogenesis. This subunit is present in 8-13 copies per dynactin molecule, and is the most abundant molecule in the dynactin complex. It is an actin-related protein, and is approximately 60% identical at the amino acid level to conventional actin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAR2 | fatty acyl CoA reductase 2|This gene belongs to the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily. It encodes a reductase enzyme involved in the first step of wax biosynthesis wherein fatty acids are converted to fatty alcohols. The encoded peroxisomal protein utilizes saturated fatty acids of 16 or 18 carbons as preferred substrates. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 2, 14 and 22. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| WDR70 | WD repeat domain 70| |
| WDR73 | WD repeat domain 73|The protein encoded by this gene is thought to contain multiple WD40 repeats. WD40 repeats are motifs that contain 40-60 amino acids, and usually end with Trp-Asp (WD). This protein is found in the cytoplasm during interphase, but accumulates at the spindle poles and astral microtubules during mitosis. Reduced expression of this gene results in abnormalities in the size and morphology of the nucleus. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Galloway-Mowat syndrome PMID: 25466283), which is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that affects both the central nervous system and kidneys. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| CHPF | chondroitin polymerizing factor| |
| WDR75 | WD repeat domain 75| |
| WDR74 | WD repeat domain 74| |
| WDR77 | WD repeat domain 77|WDR77 is a component of the 20S PRMT5 (MIM 604045)-containing methyltransferase complex, which modifies specific arginines to dimethylarginines in several spliceosomal Sm proteins (see MIM 601061). This modification targets Sm proteins to the survival of motor neurons (SMN) complex (see MIM 600354) for assembly into small nuclear ribonucleoprotein core particles (Friesen et al., 2002 [PubMed 11756452]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| WDR76 | WD repeat domain 76| |
| WNT3A | wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 3A|The WNT gene family consists of structurally related genes which encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. This gene is a member of the WNT gene family. It encodes a protein which shows 96% amino acid identity to mouse Wnt3A protein, and 84% to human WNT3 protein, another WNT gene product. This gene is clustered with WNT14 gene, another family member, in chromosome 1q42 region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COL23A1 | collagen, type XXIII, alpha 1|COL23A1 is a member of the transmembrane collagens, a subfamily of the nonfibrillar collagens that contain a single pass hydrophobic transmembrane domain (Banyard et al., 2003 [PubMed 12644459]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MCF2 | MCF.2 cell line derived transforming sequence|The oncogenic protein encoded by this gene is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that exerts control over some members of the Rho family of small GTPases. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. These isoforms exhibit different expression patterns and varying levels of GEF activity.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| PPP2R3C | protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B'', gamma|This gene encodes a regulatory subunit of the serine/threonine phosphatase, protein phosphatase 2. This protein is localized to both nuclear and cytoplasmic regions depending on cell cycle phase. Homozygous conditional knockout mice for this gene exhibit reduced numbers and impaired proliferation of immune system B cells. This protein may regulate the expression of the P-glycoprotein ATP-binding cassette transporter through its phosphatase activity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| PPP2R3A | protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B'', alpha|This gene encodes one of the regulatory subunits of the protein phosphatase 2. Protein phosphatase 2 (formerly named type 2A) is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases and is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. Protein phosphatase 2 holoenzymes are heterotrimeric proteins composed of a structural subunit A, a catalytic subunit C, and a regulatory subunit B. The regulatory subunit is encoded by a diverse set of genes that have been grouped into the B/PR55, B'/PR61, and B''/PR72 families. These different regulatory subunits confer distinct enzymatic specificities and intracellular localizations to the holozenzyme. The product of this gene belongs to the B'' family. The B'' family has been further divided into subfamilies. The product of this gene belongs to the alpha subfamily of regulatory subunit B''. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| NQO2 | NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 2|This gene encodes a member of the thioredoxin family of enzymes. It is a cytosolic and ubiquitously expressed flavoprotein that catalyzes the two-electron reduction of quinone substrates and uses dihydronicotinamide riboside as a reducing coenzyme. Mutations in this gene have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases and several cancers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| C1orf233 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 233| |
| NQO1 | NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1|This gene is a member of the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) family and encodes a cytoplasmic 2-electron reductase. This FAD-binding protein forms homodimers and reduces quinones to hydroquinones. This protein's enzymatic activity prevents the one electron reduction of quinones that results in the production of radical species. Mutations in this gene have been associated with tardive dyskinesia (TD), an increased risk of hematotoxicity after exposure to benzene, and susceptibility to various forms of cancer. Altered expression of this protein has been seen in many tumors and is also associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRPF8 | pre-mRNA processing factor 8|Pre-mRNA splicing occurs in 2 sequential transesterification steps. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of both U2- and U12-dependent spliceosomes, and found to be essential for the catalytic step II in pre-mRNA splicing process. It contains several WD repeats, which function in protein-protein interactions. This protein has a sequence similarity to yeast Prp8 protein. This gene is a candidate gene for autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SFMBT2 | Scm-like with four mbt domains 2| |
| PRPF3 | pre-mRNA processing factor 3|The removal of introns from nuclear pre-mRNAs occurs on complexes called spliceosomes, which are made up of 4 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particles and an undefined number of transiently associated splicing factors. This gene product is one of several proteins that associate with U4 and U6 snRNPs. Mutations in this gene are associated with retinitis pigmentosa-18. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRPF4 | pre-mRNA processing factor 4|The protein encoded by this gene is part of a heteromeric complex that binds U4, U5, and U6 small nuclear RNAs and is involved in pre-mRNA splicing. The encoded protein also is a mitotic checkpoint protein and a regulator of chemoresistance in human ovarian cancer. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| PRPF6 | pre-mRNA processing factor 6|The protein encoded by this gene appears to be involved in pre-mRNA splicing, possibly acting as a bridging factor between U5 and U4/U6 snRNPs in formation of the spliceosome. The encoded protein also can bind androgen receptor, providing a link between transcriptional activation and splicing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TPCN1 | two pore segment channel 1|Voltage-gated Ca(2+) and Na+ channels have 4 homologous domains, each containing 6 transmembrane segments, S1 to S6. TPCN1 is similar to these channels, but it has only 2 domains containing S1 to S6 (Ishibashi et al., 2000 [PubMed 10753632]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CD177 | CD177 molecule|This gene encodes a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked cell surface glycoprotein that plays a role in neutrophil activation. The protein can bind platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 and function in neutrophil transmigration. Mutations in this gene are associated with myeloproliferative diseases. Over-expression of this gene has been found in patients with polycythemia rubra vera. Autoantibodies against the protein may result in pulmonary transfusion reactions, and it may be involved in Wegener's granulomatosis. A related pseudogene, which is adjacent to this gene on chromosome 19, has been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| PCF11 | PCF11 cleavage and polyadenylation factor subunit| |
| CLEC1B | C-type lectin domain family 1, member B|Natural killer (NK) cells express multiple calcium-dependent (C-type) lectin-like receptors, such as CD94 (KLRD1; MIM 602894) and NKG2D (KLRC4; MIM 602893), that interact with major histocompatibility complex class I molecules and either inhibit or activate cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion. CLEC2 is a C-type lectin-like receptor expressed in myeloid cells and NK cells (Colonna et al., 2000 [PubMed 10671229]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2011] |
| RFC4 | replication factor C (activator 1) 4, 37kDa|The elongation of primed DNA templates by DNA polymerase delta and DNA polymerase epsilon requires the accessory proteins proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and replication factor C (RFC). RFC, also named activator 1, is a protein complex consisting of five distinct subunits of 140, 40, 38, 37, and 36 kD. This gene encodes the 37 kD subunit. This subunit forms a core complex with the 36 and 40 kDa subunits. The core complex possesses DNA-dependent ATPase activity, which was found to be stimulated by PCNA in an in vitro system. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C5orf45 | chromosome 5 open reading frame 45| |
| ZFP64 | ZFP64 zinc finger protein| |
| PIP4K2A | phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase, type II, alpha|Phosphatidylinositol-5,4-bisphosphate, the precursor to second messengers of the phosphoinositide signal transduction pathways, is thought to be involved in the regulation of secretion, cell proliferation, differentiation, and motility. The protein encoded by this gene is one of a family of enzymes capable of catalyzing the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate on the fourth hydroxyl of the myo-inositol ring to form phosphatidylinositol-5,4-bisphosphate. The amino acid sequence of this enzyme does not show homology to other kinases, but the recombinant protein does exhibit kinase activity. This gene is a member of the phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZFP62 | ZFP62 zinc finger protein| |
| C5orf42 | chromosome 5 open reading frame 42|The protein encoded by this gene has putative coiled-coil domains and may be a transmembrane protein. Defects in this gene are a cause of Joubert syndrome (JBTS). [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| PIP4K2B | phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase, type II, beta|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate on the fourth hydroxyl of the myo-inositol ring to form phosphatidylinositol-5,4-bisphosphate. This gene is a member of the phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase family. The encoded protein sequence does not show similarity to other kinases, but the protein does exhibit kinase activity. Additionally, the encoded protein interacts with p55 TNF receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HMGA1 | high mobility group AT-hook 1|This gene encodes a non-histone protein involved in many cellular processes, including regulation of inducible gene transcription, integration of retroviruses into chromosomes, and the metastatic progression of cancer cells. The encoded protein preferentially binds to the minor groove of A+T-rich regions in double-stranded DNA. It has little secondary structure in solution but assumes distinct conformations when bound to substrates such as DNA or other proteins. The encoded protein is frequently acetylated and is found in the nucleus. At least seven transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IL31RA | interleukin 31 receptor A|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. This receptor, with homology to gp130, is expressed on monocytes, and is involved in IL-31 signaling via activation of STAT-3 and STAT-5. It functions either as a monomer, or as part of a receptor complex with oncostatin M receptor (OSMR). Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| ARL14EP | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 14 effector protein|The protein encoded by this gene is an effector protein. It interacts with ADP-ribosylation factor-like 14 [ARL14, also known as ADP-ribosylation factor 7 (ARF7)], beta-actin (ACTB) and actin-based motor protein myosin 1E (MYO1E). ARL14 is a small GTPase; it controls the export of major histocompatibility class II molecules by connecting to the actin network via this effector protein. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| RFFL | ring finger and FYVE-like domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase| |
| LEFTY2 | left-right determination factor 2|This gene encodes a member of the TGF-beta family of proteins. The encoded protein is secreted and plays a role in left-right asymmetry determination of organ systems during development. The protein may also play a role in endometrial bleeding. Mutations in this gene have been associated with left-right axis malformations, particularly in the heart and lungs. Some types of infertility have been associated with dysregulated expression of this gene in the endometrium. Alternative processing of this protein can yield three different products. This gene is closely linked to both a related family member and a related pseudogene. Alternate splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| LEFTY1 | left-right determination factor 1|This gene encodes a member of the TGF-beta family of proteins. A similar secreted protein in mouse plays a role in left-right asymmetry determination of organ systems during development. Alternative processing of this protein can yield three different products. This gene is closely linked to both a related family member and a related pseudogene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARRDC4 | arrestin domain containing 4| |
| ARRDC1 | arrestin domain containing 1| |
| ARRDC2 | arrestin domain containing 2| |
| ARRDC3 | arrestin domain containing 3| |
| FAM120AOS | family with sequence similarity 120A opposite strand| |
| MYL3 | myosin, light chain 3, alkali; ventricular, skeletal, slow|MYL3 encodes myosin light chain 3, an alkali light chain also referred to in the literature as both the ventricular isoform and the slow skeletal muscle isoform. Mutations in MYL3 have been identified as a cause of mid-left ventricular chamber type hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMBIM4 | transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif containing 4| |
| FAM45A | family with sequence similarity 45, member A| |
| RAB27A | RAB27A, member RAS oncogene family|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the small GTPase superfamily, Rab family. The protein is membrane-bound and may be involved in protein transport and small GTPase mediated signal transduction. Mutations in this gene are associated with Griscelli syndrome type 2. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and four transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAB27B | RAB27B, member RAS oncogene family|Members of the Rab protein family, including RAB27B, are prenylated, membrane-bound proteins involved in vesicular fusion and trafficking (Chen et al., 1997 [PubMed 9066979]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| FAM45B | family with sequence similarity 45, member A pseudogene| |
| KIAA0930 | KIAA0930| |
| SH3BP5 | SH3-domain binding protein 5 (BTK-associated)| |
| CSAD | cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase|This gene encodes a member of the group 2 decarboxylase family. A similar protein in rodents plays a role in multiple biological processes as the rate-limiting enzyme in taurine biosynthesis, catalyzing the decarboxylation of cysteinesulfinate to hypotaurine. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| RABGAP1L | RAB GTPase activating protein 1-like| |
| ELK3 | ELK3, ETS-domain protein (SRF accessory protein 2)|This gene encodes a member of the ETS-domain transcription factor family and the ternary complex factor (TCF) subfamily. Proteins in this subfamily regulate transcription when recruited by serum response factor to bind to serum response elements. This protein is activated by signal-induced phosphorylation; studies in rodents suggest that it is a transcriptional inhibitor in the absence of Ras, but activates transcription when Ras is present. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| NUP107 | nucleoporin 107kDa|This gene encodes a member of the nucleoporin family. The protein is localized to the nuclear rim and is an essential component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). All molecules entering or leaving the nucleus either diffuse through or are actively transported by the NPC. Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene have been observed but have not been thoroughly characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ELK1 | ELK1, member of ETS oncogene family|This gene is a member of the Ets family of transcription factors and of the ternary complex factor (TCF) subfamily. Proteins of the TCF subfamily form a ternary complex by binding to the the serum response factor and the serum response element in the promoter of the c-fos proto-oncogene. The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear target for the ras-raf-MAPK signaling cascade. This gene produces multiple isoforms by using alternative translational start codons and by alternative splicing. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 7 and 14. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| GPHB5 | glycoprotein hormone beta 5|GPHB5 is a cystine knot-forming polypeptide and a subunit of the dimeric glycoprotein hormone family (Hsu et al., 2002 [PubMed 12089349]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| LSAMP | limbic system-associated membrane protein|The protein encoded by this gene is a neuronal surface glycoprotein found in cortical and subcortical regions of the limbic system. During development of the limbic system, this encoded protein is found on the surface of axonal membranes and growth cones, where it acts as a selective homophilic adhesion molecule, and guides the development of specific patterns of neuronal connections. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PAK4 | p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 4|PAK proteins, a family of serine/threonine p21-activating kinases, include PAK1, PAK2, PAK3 and PAK4. PAK proteins are critical effectors that link Rho GTPases to cytoskeleton reorganization and nuclear signaling. They serve as targets for the small GTP binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac and have been implicated in a wide range of biological activities. PAK4 interacts specifically with the GTP-bound form of Cdc42Hs and weakly activates the JNK family of MAP kinases. PAK4 is a mediator of filopodia formation and may play a role in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PAK6 | p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 6|This gene encodes a member of a family of p21-stimulated serine/threonine protein kinases, which contain an amino-terminal Cdc42/Rac interactive binding (CRIB) domain and a carboxyl-terminal kinase domain. These kinases function in a number of cellular processes, including cytoskeleton rearrangement, apoptosis, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway. The protein encoded by this gene interacts with androgen receptor (AR) and translocates to the nucleus, where it is involved in transcriptional regulation. Changes in expression of this gene have been linked to prostate cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| LRIG3 | leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 3| |
| STRADA | STE20-related kinase adaptor alpha|The protein encoded by this gene contains a STE20-like kinase domain, but lacks several residues that are critical for catalytic activity, so it is termed a 'pseudokinase'. The protein forms a heterotrimeric complex with serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11, also known as LKB1) and the scaffolding protein calcium binding protein 39 (CAB39, also known as MO25). The protein activates STK11 leading to the phosphorylation of both proteins and excluding STK11 from the nucleus. The protein is necessary for STK11-induced G1 cell cycle arrest. A mutation in this gene has been shown to result in polyhydramnios, megalencephaly, and symptomatic epilepsy (PMSE) syndrome. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Additional transcript variants have been described but their full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| STRADB | STE20-related kinase adaptor beta|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase STE20 subfamily. One of the active site residues in the protein kinase domain of this protein is altered, and it is thus a pseudokinase. This protein is a component of a complex involved in the activation of serine/threonine kinase 11, a master kinase that regulates cell polarity and energy-generating metabolism. This complex regulates the relocation of this kinase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and it is essential for G1 cell cycle arrest mediated by this kinase. The protein encoded by this gene can also interact with the X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, and this interaction enhances the anti-apoptotic activity of this protein via the JNK1 signal transduction pathway. Two pseudogenes, located on chromosomes 1 and 7, have been found for this gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| PAK3 | p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 3|PAK proteins are critical effectors that link Rho GTPases to cytoskeleton reorganization and nuclear signaling. PAK proteins, a family of serine/threonine p21-activating kinases, serve as targets for the small GTP binding proteins Cdc42 and RAC and have been implicated in a wide range of biological activities. The protein encoded by this gene forms an activated complex with GTP-bound RAS-like (P21), CDC2 and RAC1 proteins which then catalyzes a variety of targets. This protein may be necessary for dendritic development and for the rapid cytoskeletal reorganization in dendritic spines associated with synaptic plasticity. Defects in this gene are the cause of non-syndromic mental retardation X-linked type 30 (MRX30), also called X-linked mental retardation type 47 (MRX47). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM122A | family with sequence similarity 122A| |
| FAM122B | family with sequence similarity 122B| |
| FAM122C | family with sequence similarity 122C| |
| KIF12 | kinesin family member 12|KIF12 is a member of the kinesin superfamily of microtubule-associated molecular motors (see MIM 148760) that play important roles in intracellular transport and cell division (Nakagawa et al., 1997 [PubMed 9275178]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| NSDHL | NAD(P) dependent steroid dehydrogenase-like|The protein encoded by this gene is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Mutations in this gene are associated with CHILD syndrome, which is a X-linked dominant disorder of lipid metabolism with disturbed cholesterol biosynthesis, and typically lethal in males. Alternatively spliced transcript variants with differing 5' UTR have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNG1 | potassium channel, voltage gated modifier subfamily G, member 1|Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, subfamily G. This gene is abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found in normal and cancerous tissues. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNG2 | potassium channel, voltage gated modifier subfamily G, member 2|Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, subfamily G. This member is a gamma subunit of the voltage-gated potassium channel. The delayed-rectifier type channels containing this subunit may contribute to cardiac action potential repolarization. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNG3 | potassium channel, voltage gated modifier subfamily G, member 3|Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, subfamily G. This member is a gamma subunit functioning as a modulatory molecule. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNG4 | potassium channel, voltage gated modifier subfamily G, member 4|Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, subfamily G. This member functions as a modulatory subunit. The gene has strong expression in brain. Multiple alternatively spliced variants have been found in normal and cancerous tissues. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NUBPL | nucleotide binding protein-like|This gene encodes a member of the Mrp/NBP35 ATP-binding proteins family. The encoded protein is required for the assembly of the respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (complex I), an oligomeric enzymatic complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Mutations in this gene cause mitochondrial complex I deficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| CBX7 | chromobox homolog 7| |
| HTR5A | 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 5A, G protein-coupled|The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) has been implicated in a wide range of psychiatric conditions and also has vasoconstrictive and vasodilatory effects. The gene described in this record is a member of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor family and encodes a multi-pass membrane protein that functions as a receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine and couples to G-proteins. This protein has been shown to function in part through the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MYL1 | myosin, light chain 1, alkali; skeletal, fast|Myosin is a hexameric ATPase cellular motor protein. It is composed of two heavy chains, two nonphosphorylatable alkali light chains, and two phosphorylatable regulatory light chains. This gene encodes a myosin alkali light chain expressed in fast skeletal muscle. Two transcript variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CEP97 | centrosomal protein 97kDa| |
| UBA1 | ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 1|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the first step in ubiquitin conjugation to mark cellular proteins for degradation. This gene complements an X-linked mouse temperature-sensitive defect in DNA synthesis, and thus may function in DNA repair. It is part of a gene cluster on chromosome Xp11.23. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode the same protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CEP95 | centrosomal protein 95kDa| |
| NCKIPSD | NCK interacting protein with SH3 domain|The protein encoded by this gene is localized exclusively in the cell nucleus. It plays a role in signal transduction, and may function in the maintenance of sarcomeres and in the assembly of myofibrils into sarcomeres. It also plays an important role in stress fiber formation. The gene is involved in therapy-related leukemia by a chromosomal translocation t(3;11)(p21;q23) that involves this gene and the myeloid/lymphoid leukemia gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| CYP2D6 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily D, polypeptide 6|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and is known to metabolize as many as 25% of commonly prescribed drugs. Its substrates include antidepressants, antipsychotics, analgesics and antitussives, beta adrenergic blocking agents, antiarrythmics and antiemetics. The gene is highly polymorphic in the human population; certain alleles result in the poor metabolizer phenotype, characterized by a decreased ability to metabolize the enzyme's substrates. Some individuals with the poor metabolizer phenotype have no functional protein since they carry 2 null alleles whereas in other individuals the gene is absent. This gene can vary in copy number and individuals with the ultrarapid metabolizer phenotype can have 3 or more active copies of the gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| SUB1 | SUB1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| RPRM | reprimo, TP53 dependent G2 arrest mediator candidate| |
| CALCRL | calcitonin receptor-like| |
| CBX2 | chromobox homolog 2|This gene encodes a component of the polycomb multiprotein complex, which is required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of many genes throughout development via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones. Disruption of this gene in mice results in male-to-female gonadal sex reversal. Mutations in this gene are also associated with gonadal dysgenesis in humans. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| DMBT1 | deleted in malignant brain tumors 1|Loss of sequences from human chromosome 10q has been associated with the progression of human cancers. The gene DMBT1 was originally isolated based on its deletion in a medulloblastoma cell line. DMBT1 is expressed with transcripts of 6.0, 7.5, and 8.0 kb in fetal lung and with one transcript of 8.0 kb in adult lung, although the 7.5 kb transcript has not been characterized. The DMBT1 protein is a glycoprotein containing multiple scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains separated by SRCR-interspersed domains (SID). Transcript variant 2 (8.0 kb) has been shown to bind surfactant protein D independently of carbohydrate recognition. This indicates that DMBT1 may not be a classical tumor suppressor gene, but rather play a role in the interaction of tumor cells and the immune system. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| AXDND1 | axonemal dynein light chain domain containing 1| |
| PRKG1 | protein kinase, cGMP-dependent, type I|Mammals have three different isoforms of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (Ialpha, Ibeta, and II). These PRKG isoforms act as key mediators of the nitric oxide/cGMP signaling pathway and are important components of many signal transduction processes in diverse cell types. This PRKG1 gene on human chromosome 10 encodes the soluble Ialpha and Ibeta isoforms of PRKG by alternative transcript splicing. A separate gene on human chromosome 4, PRKG2, encodes the membrane-bound PRKG isoform II. The PRKG1 proteins play a central role in regulating cardiovascular and neuronal functions in addition to relaxing smooth muscle tone, preventing platelet aggregation, and modulating cell growth. This gene is most strongly expressed in all types of smooth muscle, platelets, cerebellar Purkinje cells, hippocampal neurons, and the lateral amygdala. Isoforms Ialpha and Ibeta have identical cGMP-binding and catalytic domains but differ in their leucine/isoleucine zipper and autoinhibitory sequences and therefore differ in their dimerization substrates and kinase enzyme activity. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| CBX1 | chromobox homolog 1|This gene encodes a highly conserved nonhistone protein, which is a member of the heterochromatin protein family . The protein is enriched in the heterochromatin and associated with centromeres. The protein has a single N-terminal chromodomain which can bind to histone proteins via methylated lysine residues, and a C-terminal chromo shadow-domain (CSD) which is responsible for the homodimerization and interaction with a number of chromatin-associated nonhistone proteins. The protein may play an important role in the epigenetic control of chromatin structure and gene expression. Several related pseudogenes are located on chromosomes 1, 3, and X. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LCN12 | lipocalin 12|Members of the lipocalin family, such as LCN12, have a common structure consisting of an 8-stranded antiparallel beta-barrel that forms a cup-shaped ligand-binding pocket or calyx. Lipocalins generally bind small hydrophobic ligands and transport them to specific cells (Suzuki et al., 2004 [PubMed 15363845]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2009] |
| C10orf54 | chromosome 10 open reading frame 54| |
| C10orf55 | chromosome 10 open reading frame 55| |
| TRAF3IP1 | TNF receptor-associated factor 3 interacting protein 1| |
| TNS4 | tensin 4| |
| CEP72 | centrosomal protein 72kDa|The product of this gene is a member of the leucine-rich-repeat (LRR) superfamily of proteins. The protein is localized to the centrosome, a non-membraneous organelle that functions as the major microtubule-organizing center in animal cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZBTB12 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 12| |
| HHLA3 | HERV-H LTR-associating 3| |
| ARID2 | AT rich interactive domain 2 (ARID, RFX-like)|ARID2 is a subunit of the PBAF chromatin-remodeling complex (see BAF180; MIM 606083), which facilitates ligand-dependent transcriptional activation by nuclear receptors (Yan et al., 2005 [PubMed 15985610]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SPRR4 | small proline-rich protein 4| |
| SPRR3 | small proline-rich protein 3| |
| PMEPA1 | prostate transmembrane protein, androgen induced 1|This gene encodes a transmembrane protein that contains a Smad interacting motif (SIM). Expression of this gene is induced by androgens and transforming growth factor beta, and the encoded protein suppresses the androgen receptor and transforming growth factor beta signaling pathways though interactions with Smad proteins. Overexpression of this gene may play a role in multiple types of cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| OR8D4 | olfactory receptor, family 8, subfamily D, member 4|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PTGDR2 | prostaglandin D2 receptor 2|This gene encodes a G-protein-coupled receptor that is preferentially expressed in CD4+ effector T helper 2 (Th2) cells. This protein is a prostaglandin D2 receptor that mediates the pro-inflammatory chemotaxis of eosinophils, basophils, and Th2 lymphocytes generated during allergic inflammation. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3' UTR of this gene have been associated with asthma susceptibility.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| CLTCL1 | clathrin, heavy chain-like 1|This gene is a member of the clathrin heavy chain family and encodes a major protein of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles. Chromosomal aberrations involving this gene are associated with meningioma, DiGeorge syndrome, and velo-cardio-facial syndrome. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| KLC1 | kinesin light chain 1|Conventional kinesin is a tetrameric molecule composed of two heavy chains and two light chains, and transports various cargos along microtubules toward their plus ends. The heavy chains provide the motor activity, while the light chains bind to various cargos. This gene encodes a member of the kinesin light chain family. It associates with kinesin heavy chain through an N-terminal domain, and six tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motifs are thought to be involved in binding of cargos such as vesicles, mitochondria, and the Golgi complex. Thus, kinesin light chains function as adapter molecules and not motors per se. Although previously named "kinesin 2", this gene is not a member of the kinesin-2 / kinesin heavy chain subfamily of kinesin motor proteins. Extensive alternative splicing produces isoforms with different C-termini that are proposed to bind to different cargos; however, the full-length nature and/or biological validity of most of these variants have not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARGLU1 | arginine and glutamate rich 1| |
| NLRP1 | NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1|This gene encodes a member of the Ced-4 family of apoptosis proteins. Ced-family members contain a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) and are known to be key mediators of programmed cell death. The encoded protein contains a distinct N-terminal pyrin-like motif, which is possibly involved in protein-protein interactions. This protein interacts strongly with caspase 2 and weakly with caspase 9. Overexpression of this gene was demonstrated to induce apoptosis in cells. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene, but the biological validity of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EZH2 | enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit|This gene encodes a member of the Polycomb-group (PcG) family. PcG family members form multimeric protein complexes, which are involved in maintaining the transcriptional repressive state of genes over successive cell generations. This protein associates with the embryonic ectoderm development protein, the VAV1 oncoprotein, and the X-linked nuclear protein. This protein may play a role in the hematopoietic and central nervous systems. Multiple alternatively splcied transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| ZBTB16 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 16|This gene is a member of the Krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family and encodes a zinc finger transcription factor that contains nine Kruppel-type zinc finger domains at the carboxyl terminus. This protein is located in the nucleus, is involved in cell cycle progression, and interacts with a histone deacetylase. Specific instances of aberrant gene rearrangement at this locus have been associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM194A | transmembrane protein 194A| |
| CA2 | carbonic anhydrase II|The protein encoded by this gene is one of several isozymes of carbonic anhydrase, which catalyzes reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Defects in this enzyme are associated with osteopetrosis and renal tubular acidosis. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| RGS18 | regulator of G-protein signaling 18|This gene encodes a member of the regulator of G-protein signaling family. This protein is contains a conserved, 120 amino acid motif called the RGS domain. The protein attenuates the signaling activity of G-proteins by binding to activated, GTP-bound G alpha subunits and acting as a GTPase activating protein (GAP), increasing the rate of conversion of the GTP to GDP. This hydrolysis allows the G alpha subunits to bind G beta/gamma subunit heterodimers, forming inactive G-protein heterotrimers, thereby terminating the signal. Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene have been observed but have not been thoroughly characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CALML3 | calmodulin-like 3| |
| PAIP2B | poly(A) binding protein interacting protein 2B|Most mRNAs, except for histones, contain a 3-prime poly(A) tail. Poly(A)-binding protein (PABP; see MIM 604679) enhances translation by circularizing mRNA through its interaction with the translation initiation factor EIF4G1 (MIM 600495) and the poly(A) tail. Various PABP-binding proteins regulate PABP activity, including PAIP1 (MIM 605184), a translational stimulator, and PAIP2A (MIM 605604) and PAIP2B, translational inhibitors (Derry et al., 2006 [PubMed 17381337]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| STX12 | syntaxin 12| |
| GLYCTK | glycerate kinase|This locus encodes a member of the glycerate kinase type-2 family. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of (R)-glycerate and may be involved in serine degradation and fructose metabolism. Decreased activity of the encoded enzyme may be associated with the disease D-glyceric aciduria. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| DHX40 | DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box polypeptide 40|This gene encodes a member of the DExH/D box family of ATP-dependent RNA helicases that have an essential role in RNA metabolism. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 17.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| CALML5 | calmodulin-like 5|This gene encodes a novel calcium binding protein expressed in the epidermis and related to the calmodulin family of calcium binding proteins. Functional studies with recombinant protein demonstrate it does bind calcium and undergoes a conformational change when it does so. Abundant expression is detected only in reconstructed epidermis and is restricted to differentiating keratinocytes. In addition, it can associate with transglutaminase 3, shown to be a key enzyme in the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COX18 | COX18 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor|This gene encodes a cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein. The encoded protein is essential for integral membrane protein insertion into the mitochondrial inner membrane. It is also required for cytochrome c oxidase assembly and activity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| COX19 | COX19 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor|COX19 encodes a cytochrome c oxidase (COX)-assembly protein. The S. cerevisiae Cox19 protein may play a role in metal transport to the mitochondrial intermembrane space and assembly of complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (Sacconi et al., 2005 [PubMed 16212937]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PFN2 | profilin 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a ubiquitous actin monomer-binding protein belonging to the profilin family. It is thought to regulate actin polymerization in response to extracellular signals. There are two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NUBP1 | nucleotide binding protein 1|NUBP1 is a member of the NUBP/MRP subfamily of ATP-binding proteins (Nakashima et al., 1999 [PubMed 10486206]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CREM | cAMP responsive element modulator|This gene encodes a bZIP transcription factor that binds to the cAMP responsive element found in many viral and cellular promoters. It is an important component of cAMP-mediated signal transduction during the spermatogenetic cycle, as well as other complex processes. Alternative promoter and translation initiation site usage allows this gene to exert spatial and temporal specificity to cAMP responsiveness. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene, with some of them functioning as activators and some as repressors of transcription. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SHISA2 | shisa family member 2| |
| TMEM214 | transmembrane protein 214| |
| GAS1 | growth arrest-specific 1|Growth arrest-specific 1 plays a role in growth suppression. GAS1 blocks entry to S phase and prevents cycling of normal and transformed cells. Gas1 is a putative tumor suppressor gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COX11 | COX11 cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone|Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. This component is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may function in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes a protein which is not a structural subunit, but may be a heme A biosynthetic enzyme involved in COX formation, according to the yeast mutant studies. However, the studies in Rhodobacter sphaeroides suggest that this gene is not required for heme A biosynthesis, but required for stable formation of the Cu(B) and magnesium centers of COX. This human protein is predicted to contain a transmembrane domain localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. A related pseudogene has been found on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| TMEM219 | transmembrane protein 219| |
| GAS2 | growth arrest-specific 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a caspase-3 substrate that plays a role in regulating microfilament and cell shape changes during apoptosis. It can also modulate cell susceptibility to p53-dependent apoptosis by inhibiting calpain activity. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| ARPP21 | cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, 21kDa|This gene encodes a cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein. The encoded protein is enriched in the caudate nucleus and cerebellar cortex. A similar protein in mouse may be involved in regulating the effects of dopamine in the basal ganglia. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| TRIM4 | tripartite motif containing 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to cytoplasmic bodies. Its function has not been identified. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| TRIM7 | tripartite motif containing 7|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1, a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm, and may represent a participant in the initiation of glycogen synthesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| TRIM6 | tripartite motif containing 6|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, B-box type 1 and B-box type 2 domain, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to the nucleus, but its specific function has not been identified. This gene is mapped to chromosome 11p15, where it resides within a TRIM gene cluster. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A read-through transcript from this gene into the downstream TRIM34 gene has also been observed, which results in a fusion product from these neighboring family members. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| PDGFRB | platelet-derived growth factor receptor, beta polypeptide|This gene encodes a cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor for members of the platelet-derived growth factor family. These growth factors are mitogens for cells of mesenchymal origin. The identity of the growth factor bound to a receptor monomer determines whether the functional receptor is a homodimer or a heterodimer, composed of both platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha and beta polypeptides. This gene is flanked on chromosome 5 by the genes for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptor; all three genes may be implicated in the 5-q syndrome. A translocation between chromosomes 5 and 12, that fuses this gene to that of the translocation, ETV6, leukemia gene, results in chronic myeloproliferative disorder with eosinophilia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANKRD13D | ankyrin repeat domain 13 family, member D| |
| RGS19 | regulator of G-protein signaling 19|G proteins mediate a number of cellular processes. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the RGS (regulators of G-protein signaling) family and specifically interacts with G protein, GAI3. This protein is a guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein that functions to down-regulate Galpha i/Galpha q-linked signaling. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein isoform have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANKRD13B | ankyrin repeat domain 13B| |
| ANKRD13C | ankyrin repeat domain 13C| |
| KIAA1468 | KIAA1468| |
| KIAA1467 | KIAA1467| |
| AIDA | axin interactor, dorsalization associated| |
| UGT2A3 | UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide A3| |
| KIAA1462 | KIAA1462| |
| SCN10A | sodium channel, voltage gated, type X alpha subunit|The protein encoded by this gene is a tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit. The properties of the channel formed by the encoded transmembrane protein can be altered by interaction with different beta subunits. This protein may be involved in the onset of pain associated with peripheral neuropathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| TMSB10 | thymosin beta 10| |
| PPA2 | pyrophosphatase (inorganic) 2|The protein encoded by this gene is localized to the mitochondrion, is highly similar to members of the inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPase) family, and contains the signature sequence essential for the catalytic activity of PPase. PPases catalyze the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate to inorganic phosphate, which is important for the phosphate metabolism of cells. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPA1 | pyrophosphatase (inorganic) 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPase) family. PPases catalyze the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate to inorganic phosphate, which is important for the phosphate metabolism of cells. Studies of a similar protein in bovine suggested a cytoplasmic localization of this enzyme. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CHMP1B | charged multivesicular body protein 1B|CHMP1B belongs to the chromatin-modifying protein/charged multivesicular body protein (CHMP) family. These proteins are components of ESCRT-III (endosomal sorting complex required for transport III), a complex involved in degradation of surface receptor proteins and formation of endocytic multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Some CHMPs have both nuclear and cytoplasmic/vesicular distributions, and one such CHMP, CHMP1A (MIM 164010), is required for both MVB formation and regulation of cell cycle progression (Tsang et al., 2006 [PubMed 16730941]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MCTP2 | multiple C2 domains, transmembrane 2| |
| RAB19 | RAB19, member RAS oncogene family| |
| BET1 | Bet1 golgi vesicular membrane trafficking protein|This gene encodes a golgi-associated membrane protein that participates in vesicular transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi complex. The encoded protein functions as a soluble N-ethylaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor and may be involved in the docking of ER-derived vesicles with the cis-Golgi membrane. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described but their full-length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NUP62 | nucleoporin 62kDa|The nuclear pore complex is a massive structure that extends across the nuclear envelope, forming a gateway that regulates the flow of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Nucleoporins are the main components of the nuclear pore complex in eukaryotic cells. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the FG-repeat containing nucleoporins and is localized to the nuclear pore central plug. This protein associates with the importin alpha/beta complex which is involved in the import of proteins containing nuclear localization signals. Multiple transcript variants of this gene encode a single protein isoform. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ALCAM | activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule|This gene encodes activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), also known as CD166 (cluster of differentiation 166), which is a member of a subfamily of immunoglobulin receptors with five immunoglobulin-like domains (VVC2C2C2) in the extracellular domain. This protein binds to T-cell differentiation antigene CD6, and is implicated in the processes of cell adhesion and migration. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| TPM4 | tropomyosin 4|This gene encodes a member of the tropomyosin family of actin-binding proteins involved in the contractile system of striated and smooth muscles and the cytoskeleton of non-muscle cells. Tropomyosins are dimers of coiled-coil proteins that polymerize end-to-end along the major groove in most actin filaments. They provide stability to the filaments and regulate access of other actin-binding proteins. In muscle cells, they regulate muscle contraction by controlling the binding of myosin heads to the actin filament. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| CSF1R | colony stimulating factor 1 receptor|The protein encoded by this gene is the receptor for colony stimulating factor 1, a cytokine which controls the production, differentiation, and function of macrophages. This receptor mediates most if not all of the biological effects of this cytokine. Ligand binding activates the receptor kinase through a process of oligomerization and transphosphorylation. The encoded protein is a tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptor and member of the CSF1/PDGF receptor family of tyrosine-protein kinases. Mutations in this gene have been associated with a predisposition to myeloid malignancy. The first intron of this gene contains a transcriptionally inactive ribosomal protein L7 processed pseudogene oriented in the opposite direction. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| TPM2 | tropomyosin 2 (beta)|This gene encodes beta-tropomyosin, a member of the actin filament binding protein family, and mainly expressed in slow, type 1 muscle fibers. Mutations in this gene can alter the expression of other sarcomeric tropomyosin proteins, and cause cap disease, nemaline myopathy and distal arthrogryposis syndromes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| TPM1 | tropomyosin 1 (alpha)|This gene is a member of the tropomyosin family of highly conserved, widely distributed actin-binding proteins involved in the contractile system of striated and smooth muscles and the cytoskeleton of non-muscle cells. Tropomyosin is composed of two alpha-helical chains arranged as a coiled-coil. It is polymerized end to end along the two grooves of actin filaments and provides stability to the filaments. The encoded protein is one type of alpha helical chain that forms the predominant tropomyosin of striated muscle, where it also functions in association with the troponin complex to regulate the calcium-dependent interaction of actin and myosin during muscle contraction. In smooth muscle and non-muscle cells, alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding a range of isoforms have been described. Mutations in this gene are associated with type 3 familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ETF1 | eukaryotic translation termination factor 1|This gene encodes a class-1 polypeptide chain release factor. The encoded protein plays an essential role in directing termination of mRNA translation from the termination codons UAA, UAG and UGA. This protein is a component of the SURF complex which promotes degradation of prematurely terminated mRNAs via the mechanism of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 6, 7, and X. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| FBXW9 | F-box and WD repeat domain containing 9|Members of the F-box protein family, such as FBXW9, are characterized by an approximately 40-amino acid F-box motif. SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603034), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases. F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains (Jin et al., 2004 [PubMed 15520277]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| C22orf39 | chromosome 22 open reading frame 39| |
| WDR25 | WD repeat domain 25| |
| FAM21C | family with sequence similarity 21, member C| |
| FAM21A | family with sequence similarity 21, member A| |
| SIPA1 | signal-induced proliferation-associated 1|The product of this gene is a mitogen induced GTPase activating protein (GAP). It exhibits a specific GAP activity for Ras-related regulatory proteins Rap1 and Rap2, but not for Ran or other small GTPases. This protein may also hamper mitogen-induced cell cycle progression when abnormally or prematurely expressed. It is localized to the perinuclear region. Two alternatively spliced variants encoding the same isoform have been characterized to date. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FOXB1 | forkhead box B1| |
| FBXW2 | F-box and WD repeat domain containing 2|F-box proteins are an expanding family of eukaryotic proteins characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F box. Some F-box proteins have been shown to be critical for the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of cellular regulatory proteins. In fact, F-box proteins are one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligases, called SCFs. SCF ligases bring ubiquitin conjugating enzymes to substrates that are specifically recruited by the different F-box proteins. Mammalian F-box proteins are classified into three groups based on the presence of either WD-40 repeats, leucine-rich repeats, or the presence or absence of other protein-protein interacting domains. This gene encodes the second identified member of the F-box gene family and contains multiple WD-40 repeats. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TAGLN | transgelin|The protein encoded by this gene is a transformation and shape-change sensitive actin cross-linking/gelling protein found in fibroblasts and smooth muscle. Its expression is down-regulated in many cell lines, and this down-regulation may be an early and sensitive marker for the onset of transformation. A functional role of this protein is unclear. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FBXW4 | F-box and WD repeat domain containing 4|This gene is a member of the F-box/WD-40 gene family, which recruit specific target proteins through their WD-40 protein-protein binding domains for ubiquitin mediated degradation. In mouse, a highly similar protein is thought to be responsible for maintaining the apical ectodermal ridge of developing limb buds; disruption of the mouse gene results in the absence of central digits, underdeveloped or absent metacarpal/metatarsal bones and syndactyly. This phenotype is remarkably similar to split hand-split foot malformation in humans, a clinically heterogeneous condition with a variety of modes of transmission. An autosomal recessive form has been mapped to the chromosomal region where this gene is located, and complex rearrangements involving duplications of this gene and others have been associated with the condition. A pseudogene of this locus has been mapped to one of the introns of the BCR gene on chromosome 22. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FBXW5 | F-box and WD repeat domain containing 5|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family, members of which are characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into three classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene contains WD-40 domains, in addition to an F-box motif, so it belongs to the Fbw class. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene, however, they were found to be nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidates, hence not represented. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FBXW7 | F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene was previously referred to as FBX30, and belongs to the Fbws class; in addition to an F-box, this protein contains 7 tandem WD40 repeats. This protein binds directly to cyclin E and probably targets cyclin E for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Mutations in this gene are detected in ovarian and breast cancer cell lines, implicating the gene's potential role in the pathogenesis of human cancers. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| KIAA1683 | KIAA1683| |
| TAX1BP1 | Tax1 (human T-cell leukemia virus type I) binding protein 1|This gene encodes a HTLV-1 tax1 binding protein. The encoded protein interacts with TNFAIP3, and inhibits TNF-induced apoptosis by mediating the TNFAIP3 anti-apoptotic activity. Degradation of this protein by caspase-3-like family proteins is associated with apoptosis induced by TNF. This protein may also have a role in the inhibition of inflammatory signaling pathways. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| TGFBR1 | transforming growth factor, beta receptor 1|The protein encoded by this gene forms a heteromeric complex with type II TGF-beta receptors when bound to TGF-beta, transducing the TGF-beta signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm. The encoded protein is a serine/threonine protein kinase. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Loeys-Dietz aortic aneurysm syndrome (LDAS). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| ETFB | electron-transfer-flavoprotein, beta polypeptide|This gene encodes electron-transfer-flavoprotein, beta polypeptide, which shuttles electrons between primary flavoprotein dehydrogenases involved in mitochondrial fatty acid and amino acid catabolism and the membrane-bound electron transfer flavoprotein ubiquinone oxidoreductase. The gene deficiencies have been implicated in type II glutaricaciduria. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SH3RF2 | SH3 domain containing ring finger 2| |
| SH3RF3 | SH3 domain containing ring finger 3| |
| SH3RF1 | SH3 domain containing ring finger 1|This gene encodes a protein containing an N-terminus RING-finger, four SH3 domains, and a region implicated in binding of the Rho GTPase Rac. Via the RING-finger, the encoded protein has been shown to function as an ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in protein sorting at the trans-Golgi network. The encoded protein may also act as a scaffold for the c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway, facilitating the formation of a functional signaling module. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SMNDC1 | survival motor neuron domain containing 1|This gene is a paralog of SMN1 gene, which encodes the survival motor neuron protein, mutations in which are cause of autosomal recessive proximal spinal muscular atrophy. The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear protein that has been identified as a constituent of the spliceosome complex. This gene is differentially expressed, with abundant levels in skeletal muscle, and may share similar cellular function as the SMN1 gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TPMT | thiopurine S-methyltransferase|This gene encodes the enzyme that metabolizes thiopurine drugs via S-adenosyl-L-methionine as the S-methyl donor and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine as a byproduct. Thiopurine drugs such as 6-mercaptopurine are used as chemotherapeutic agents. Genetic polymorphisms that affect this enzymatic activity are correlated with variations in sensitivity and toxicity to such drugs within individuals, causing thiopurine S-methyltransferase deficiency. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 3, 18 and X. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014] |
| SSX2IP | synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint 2 interacting protein|This gene encodes a protein that binds the cancer-testis antigen Synovial Sarcoma X breakpoint 2 protein. The encoded protein may regulate the activity of Synovial Sarcoma X breakpoint 2 protein in malignant cells. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 3. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| IER5L | immediate early response 5-like| |
| ANKLE2 | ankyrin repeat and LEM domain containing 2|This gene encodes a member of the LEM family of inner nuclear membrane proteins. The encoded protein functions as a mitotic regulator through postmitotic formation of the nuclear envelope. Mutations in this gene cause morphology defects in the nuclear envelope and BAF hyperphosphorylation. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| PCIF1 | PDX1 C-terminal inhibiting factor 1| |
| LRAT | lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)|The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum, where it catalyzes the esterification of all-trans-retinol into all-trans-retinyl ester. This reaction is an important step in vitamin A metabolism in the visual system. Mutations in this gene have been associated with early-onset severe retinal dystrophy and Leber congenital amaurosis 14. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014] |
| RHPN1 | rhophilin, Rho GTPase binding protein 1| |
| CA6 | carbonic anhydrase VI|The protein encoded by this gene is one of several isozymes of carbonic anhydrase. This protein is found only in salivary glands and saliva and protein may play a role in the reversible hydratation of carbon dioxide though its function in saliva is unknown. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TJP2 | tight junction protein 2|This gene encodes a zonula occluden that is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase homolog family. The encoded protein functions as a component of the tight junction barrier in epithelial and endothelial cells and is necessary for proper assembly of tight junctions. Mutations in this gene have been identified in patients with hypercholanemia, and genomic duplication of a 270 kb region including this gene causes autosomal dominant deafness-51. Alternatively spliced transcripts encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| TJP3 | tight junction protein 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase-like (MAGUK) protein family which is characterized by members having multiple PDZ domains, a single SH3 domain, and a single guanylate kinase-like (GUK)-domain. In addition, members of the zonula occludens protein subfamily have an acidic domain, a basic arginine-rich region, and a proline-rich domain. The protein encoded by this gene plays a role in the linkage between the actin cytoskeleton and tight-junctions and also sequesters cyclin D1 at tight junctions during mitosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. This gene has a partial pseudogene on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| IL21R | interleukin 21 receptor|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine receptor for interleukin 21 (IL21). It belongs to the type I cytokine receptors, and has been shown to form a heterodimeric receptor complex with the common gamma-chain, a receptor subunit also shared by the receptors for interleukin 2, 4, 7, 9, and 15. This receptor transduces the growth promoting signal of IL21, and is important for the proliferation and differentiation of T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. The ligand binding of this receptor leads to the activation of multiple downstream signaling molecules, including JAK1, JAK3, STAT1, and STAT3. Knockout studies of a similar gene in mouse suggest a role for this gene in regulating immunoglobulin production. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| NDOR1 | NADPH dependent diflavin oxidoreductase 1|This gene encodes an NADPH-dependent diflavin reductase that contains both flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) binding domains. The encoded protein catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADPH through FAD and FMN cofactors to potential redox partners. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| RAB15 | RAB15, member RAS oncogene family| |
| NDUFA4L2 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 4-like 2| |
| OR7A5 | olfactory receptor, family 7, subfamily A, member 5|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SH3GLB1 | SH3-domain GRB2-like endophilin B1|This gene encodes a SRC homology 3 domain-containing protein. The encoded protein interacts with the proapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and may be involved in regulating apoptotic signaling pathways. This protein may also be involved in maintaining mitochondrial morphology. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| RAB14 | RAB14, member RAS oncogene family|RAB14 belongs to the large RAB family of low molecular mass GTPases that are involved in intracellular membrane trafficking. These proteins act as molecular switches that flip between an inactive GDP-bound state and an active GTP-bound state in which they recruit downstream effector proteins onto membranes (Junutula et al., 2004 [PubMed 15004230]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2009] |
| CCDC170 | coiled-coil domain containing 170|The function of this gene and its encoded protein is not known. Several genome-wide association studies have implicated the region around this gene to be involved in breast cancer and bone mineral density, but no link to this specific gene has been found. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| PPAT | phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family. It is a regulatory allosteric enzyme that catalyzes the first step of de novo purine nucleotide biosythetic pathway. This gene and PAICS/AIRC gene, a bifunctional enzyme catalyzing steps six and seven of this pathway, are located in close proximity on chromosome 4, and divergently transcribed from an intergenic region. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| BABAM1 | BRISC and BRCA1 A complex member 1| |
| BBIP1 | BBSome interacting protein 1|This gene encodes one of eight proteins that form the BBSome complex and is essential for its assembly. The BBSome complex is involved in trafficking signal receptors to and from the cilia. Mutations in this gene result in Bardet-Biedl syndrome 18. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| SH3PXD2B | SH3 and PX domains 2B|This gene encodes an adapter protein that is characterized by a PX domain and four Src homology 3 domains. The encoded protein is required for podosome formation and is involved in cell adhesion and migration of numerous cell types. Mutations in this gene are the cause of Frank-ter Haar syndrome (FTHS), and also Borrone Dermato-Cardio-Skeletal (BDCS) syndrome. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| TUB | tubby bipartite transcription factor|This gene encodes a member of the Tubby family of bipartite transcription factors. The encoded protein may play a role in obesity and sensorineural degradation. The crystal structure has been determined for a similar protein in mouse, and it functions as a membrane-bound transcription regulator that translocates to the nucleus in response to phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SH3PXD2A | SH3 and PX domains 2A| |
| LYSMD3 | LysM, putative peptidoglycan-binding, domain containing 3| |
| DAK | triokinase/FMN cyclase|This gene is a member of the family of dihydroxyacetone kinases, which have a protein structure distinct from other kinases. The product of this gene phosphorylates dihydroxyacetone, and also catalyzes the formation of riboflavin 4',5'-phosphate (aka cyclin FMN) from FAD. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified, but the full-length nature of only one has been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACVR2A | activin A receptor, type IIA|This gene encodes a receptor that mediates the functions of activins, which are members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily involved in diverse biological processes. The encoded protein is a transmembrane serine-threonine kinase receptor which mediates signaling by forming heterodimeric complexes with various combinations of type I and type II receptors and ligands in a cell-specific manner. The encoded type II receptor is primarily involved in ligand-binding and includes an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic serine-threonine kinase domain. This gene may be associated with susceptibility to preeclampsia, a pregnancy-related disease which can result in maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| DCXR | dicarbonyl/L-xylulose reductase|The protein encoded by this gene acts as a homotetramer to catalyze diacetyl reductase and L-xylulose reductase reactions. The encoded protein may play a role in the uronate cycle of glucose metabolism and in the cellular osmoregulation in the proximal renal tubules. Defects in this gene are a cause of pentosuria. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| CHPF2 | chondroitin polymerizing factor 2| |
| KLHL12 | kelch-like family member 12|This gene encodes a member of the KLHL (Kelch-like) family of proteins. This protein has been identified as an autoantigen in the autoimmune disease Sjogren's syndrome and as a potential biomarker in primary biliary cirrhosis. This protein may act as a substrate adaptor of the Cullin-3 ubiquitin ligase complex to promote substrate-specific ubiquitylation. Ubiquitylation by this complex has been shown to regulate the Wnt signaling pathway as well as COPII vesicle coat size. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 22. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| AGRP | agouti related neuropeptide|This gene encodes an antagonist of the melanocortin-3 and melanocortin-4 receptor. It appears to regulate hypothalamic control of feeding behavior via melanocortin receptor and/or intracellular calcium regulation, and thus plays a role in weight homeostasis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with late on-set obesity. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| AGRN | agrin|This gene encodes one of several proteins that are critical in the development of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), as identified in mouse knock-out studies. The encoded protein contains several laminin G, Kazal type serine protease inhibitor, and epidermal growth factor domains. Additional post-translational modifications occur to add glycosaminoglycans and disulfide bonds. In one family with congenital myasthenic syndrome affecting limb-girdle muscles, a mutation in this gene was found. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015] |
| NFYB | nuclear transcription factor Y, beta|The protein encoded by this gene is one subunit of a trimeric complex, forming a highly conserved transcription factor that binds with high specificity to CCAAT motifs in the promoter regions in a variety of genes. This gene product, subunit B, forms a tight dimer with the C subunit, a prerequisite for subunit A association. The resulting trimer binds to DNA with high specificity and affinity. Subunits B and C each contain a histone-like motif. Observation of the histone nature of these subunits is supported by two types of evidence; protein sequence alignments and experiments with mutants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CLGN | calmegin|Calmegin is a testis-specific endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein. CLGN may play a role in spermatogeneisis and infertility. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KLHL13 | kelch-like family member 13|This gene encodes a BTB and kelch domain containing protein and belongs to the kelch repeat domain containing superfamily of proteins. The encoded protein functions as an adaptor protein that complexes with Cullin 3 and other proteins to form the Cullin 3-based E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex. This complex is necessary for proper chromosome segregation and completion of cytokinesis. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| C9orf50 | chromosome 9 open reading frame 50| |
| RABL6 | RAB, member RAS oncogene family-like 6|This gene encodes a member of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. The encoded protein binds to both GTP and GDP and may play a role in cell growth and survival. Overexpression of this gene may play a role in breast cancer tumorigenesis, and pseudogenes of this gene are located on the long arm of chromosome 2 and the short arm of chromosome 18. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| SMARCA1 | SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 1|This gene encodes a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins. The encoded protein is an ATPase which is expressed in diverse tissues and contributes to the chromatin remodeling complex that is involved in transcription. The protein may also play a role in DNA damage, growth inhibition and apoptosis of cancer cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| SMARCA2 | SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins and is highly similar to the brahma protein of Drosophila. Members of this family have helicase and ATPase activities and are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SNF/SWI, which is required for transcriptional activation of genes normally repressed by chromatin. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, which contains a trinucleotide repeat (CAG) length polymorphism. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| SMARCA4 | SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins and is similar to the brahma protein of Drosophila. Members of this family have helicase and ATPase activities and are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SNF/SWI, which is required for transcriptional activation of genes normally repressed by chromatin. In addition, this protein can bind BRCA1, as well as regulate the expression of the tumorigenic protein CD44. Mutations in this gene cause rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome type 2. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| TST | thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (rhodanese)|This is one of two neighboring genes encoding similar proteins that each contain two rhodanese domains. The encoded protein is localized to the mitochondria and catalyzes the conversion of thiosulfate and cyanide to thiocyanate and sulfite. In addition, the protein interacts with 5S ribosomal RNA and facilitates its import into the mitochondria. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| POMZP3 | POM121 and ZP3 fusion|This gene appears to have resulted from a fusion of DNA sequences derived from 2 distinct loci, specifically through the duplication of two internal exons from the POM121 gene and four 3' exons from the ZP3 gene. The 5' end of this gene is similar to the 5` coding region of the POM121 gene which encodes an integral nuclear pore membrane protein. However, the protein encoded by this gene lacks the nuclear pore localization motif. The 3' end of this gene is similar to the last 4 exons of the zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 (ZP3) gene and the encoded protein retains one zona pellucida domain. Multiple protein isoforms are encoded by transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FYB | FYN binding protein|The protein encoded by this gene is an adapter for the FYN protein and LCP2 signaling cascades in T-cells. The encoded protein is involved in platelet activation and controls the expression of interleukin-2. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| PACRGL | PARK2 co-regulated-like| |
| FYN | FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase|This gene is a member of the protein-tyrosine kinase oncogene family. It encodes a membrane-associated tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in the control of cell growth. The protein associates with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the fyn-binding protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms exist. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ASCL2 | achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 2|This gene is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (BHLH) family of transcription factors. It activates transcription by binding to the E box (5'-CANNTG-3'). Dimerization with other BHLH proteins is required for efficient DNA binding. Involved in the determination of the neuronal precursors in the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TOR1A | torsin family 1, member A (torsin A)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the AAA family of adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases), is related to the Clp protease/heat shock family and is expressed prominently in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Mutations in this gene result in the autosomal dominant disorder, torsion dystonia 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| XCL2 | chemokine (C motif) ligand 2| |
| TOR1B | torsin family 1, member B (torsin B)| |
| OST4 | oligosaccharyltransferase 4 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| CCT6A | chaperonin containing TCP1, subunit 6A (zeta 1)|The protein encoded by this gene is a molecular chaperone that is a member of the chaperonin containing TCP1 complex (CCT), also known as the TCP1 ring complex (TRiC). This complex consists of two identical stacked rings, each containing eight different proteins. Unfolded polypeptides enter the central cavity of the complex and are folded in an ATP-dependent manner. The complex folds various proteins, including actin and tubulin. Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. In addition, several pseudogenes of this gene have been located. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| RAB1C | RAB1C, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene| |
| CCT6B | chaperonin containing TCP1, subunit 6B (zeta 2)|This gene encodes a molecular chaperone that is a member of the chaperonin-containing TCP1 complex (CCT), also known as the TCP1 ring complex (TRiC). This complex consists of two identical stacked rings, each containing eight different proteins. Unfolded polypeptides enter the central cavity of the complex and are folded in an ATP-dependent manner. The complex folds various proteins, including actin and tubulin. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| XAGE1B | X antigen family, member 1B|This gene is a member of the XAGE subfamily, which belongs to the GAGE family. The GAGE genes are expressed in a variety of tumors and in some fetal and reproductive tissues. This gene is strongly expressed in Ewing's sarcoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and normal testis. The protein encoded by this gene contains a nuclear localization signal and shares a sequence similarity with other GAGE/PAGE proteins. Because of the expression pattern and the sequence similarity, this protein also belongs to a family of CT (cancer-testis) antigens. Alternative splicing of this gene, in addition to alternative transcription start sites, results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| ASCL1 | achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 1|This gene encodes a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (BHLH) family of transcription factors. The protein activates transcription by binding to the E box (5'-CANNTG-3'). Dimerization with other BHLH proteins is required for efficient DNA binding. This protein plays a role in the neuronal commitment and differentiation and in the generation of olfactory and autonomic neurons. Mutations in this gene may contribute to the congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) phenotype in rare cases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RUFY1 | RUN and FYVE domain containing 1|This gene encodes a protein that contains a RUN domain and a FYVE-type zinc finger domain. The encoded protein binds to phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P) and plays a role in early endosomal trafficking, tethering and fusion through interactions with small GTPases including Rab4, Rab5 and Rab14. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| RUFY3 | RUN and FYVE domain containing 3| |
| RUFY2 | RUN and FYVE domain containing 2| |
| FCGR2B | Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity IIb, receptor (CD32)|The protein encoded by this gene is a low affinity receptor for the Fc region of immunoglobulin gamma complexes. The encoded protein is involved in the phagocytosis of immune complexes and in the regulation of antibody production by B-cells. Variations in this gene may increase susceptibilty to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| OSTC | oligosaccharyltransferase complex subunit (non-catalytic)| |
| FCGR2A | Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity IIa, receptor (CD32)|This gene encodes one member of a family of immunoglobulin Fc receptor genes found on the surface of many immune response cells. The protein encoded by this gene is a cell surface receptor found on phagocytic cells such as macrophages and neutrophils, and is involved in the process of phagocytosis and clearing of immune complexes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| NLE1 | notchless homolog 1 (Drosophila)| |
| OLA1 | Obg-like ATPase 1| |
| SKIL | SKI-like proto-oncogene|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the SMAD pathway, which regulates cell growth and differentiation through transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB). In the absence of ligand, the encoded protein binds to the promoter region of TGFB-responsive genes and recruits a nuclear repressor complex. TGFB signaling causes SMAD3 to enter the nucleus and degrade this protein, allowing these genes to be activated. Four transcript variants encoding three different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| CYTH1 | cytohesin 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the PSCD family. Members of this family have identical structural organization that consists of an N-terminal coiled-coil motif, a central Sec7 domain, and a C-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. The coiled-coil motif is involved in homodimerization, the Sec7 domain contains guanine-nucleotide exchange protein activity, and the PH domain interacts with phospholipids and is responsible for association of PSCDs with membranes. Members of this family appear to mediate the regulation of protein sorting and membrane trafficking. This gene is highly expressed in natural killer and peripheral T cells, and regulates the adhesiveness of integrins at the plasma membrane of lymphocytes. A pseudogene of this gene has been defined on the X chromosome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| CHCHD6 | coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 6| |
| CYTH3 | cytohesin 3|This gene encodes a member of the PSCD (pleckstrin homology, Sec7 and coiled-coil domains) family. PSCD family members have identical structural organization that consists of an N-terminal coiled-coil motif, a central Sec7 domain, and a C-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. The coiled-coil motif is involved in homodimerization, the Sec7 domain contains guanine-nucleotide exchange protein (GEP) activity, and the PH domain interacts with phospholipids and is responsible for association of PSCDs with membranes. Members of this family appear to mediate the regulation of protein sorting and membrane trafficking. This encoded protein is involved in the control of Golgi structure and function, and it may have a physiological role in regulating ADP-ribosylation factor protein 6 (ARF) functions, in addition to acting on ARF1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CYTH2 | cytohesin 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the PSCD family. Members of this family have identical structural organization that consists of an N-terminal coiled-coil motif, a central Sec7 domain, and a C-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. The coiled-coil motif is involved in homodimerization, the Sec7 domain contains guanine-nucleotide exchange protein (GEP) activity, and the PH domain interacts with phospholipids and is responsible for association of PSCDs with membranes. Members of this family appear to mediate the regulation of protein sorting and membrane trafficking. The encoded protein exhibits GEP activity in vitro with ARF1, ARF3, and ARF6 and is 83% homologous to CYTH1. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| CYTH4 | cytohesin 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the PSCD family. Members of this family have identical structural organization that consists of an N-terminal coiled-coil motif, a central Sec7 domain, and a C-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. The coiled-coil motif is involved in homodimerization, the Sec7 domain contains guanine-nucleotide exchange protein (GEP) activity, and the PH domain interacts with phospholipids and is responsible for association of PSCDs with membranes. Members of this family appear to mediate the regulation of protein sorting and membrane trafficking. The encoded protein exhibits GEP activity in vitro with both ARF1 and ARF5 but is inactive with ARF6. The structures of this gene and CYTH1 are very similar. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| DPH1 | diphthamide biosynthesis 1|Diphthamide is a unique posttranslationally modified histidine found only in translation elongation factor-2 (EEF2; MIM 130610). This modification is conserved from archaebacteria to humans and serves as the target for ADP-ribosylation and inactivation of EEF2 by diphtheria toxin (DT) and Pseudomonas exotoxin A. DPH1 is 1 of several enzymes involved in synthesis of diphthamide in EEF2 (Liu et al., 2004 [PubMed 15485916]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| DPH2 | DPH2 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|This gene is one of two human genes similar to the yeast gene dph2. The yeast gene was identified by its ability to complement a diphthamide mutant strain, and thus probably functions in diphthamide biosynthesis. Diphthamide is a post-translationally modified histidine residue present in elongation factor 2 (EF2) that is the target of diphtheria toxin ADP-ribosylation. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DPH3 | diphthamide biosynthesis 3|This gene encodes a CSL zinc finger-containing protein that is required for dipthamide biosynthesis. The encoded protein is necessary for the initial step in the modification of a histidine residue in elongation factor-2 to diphthamide. This modified residue is a target for ADP ribosylation by the bacterial toxins diphtheria toxin and Pseudomonas exotoxin A. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same isoform. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| MYH7B | myosin, heavy chain 7B, cardiac muscle, beta|The myosin II molecule is a multi-subunit complex consisting of two heavy chains and four light chains. This gene encodes a heavy chain of myosin II, which is a member of the motor-domain superfamily. The heavy chain includes a globular motor domain, which catalyzes ATP hydrolysis and interacts with actin, and a tail domain in which heptad repeat sequences promote dimerization by interacting to form a rod-like alpha-helical coiled coil. This heavy chain subunit is a slow-twitch myosin. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, but the full-length nature of these variants is not determined. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| DPH5 | diphthamide biosynthesis 5|This gene encodes a component of the diphthamide synthesis pathway. Diphthamide is a post-translationally modified histidine residue found only on translation elongation factor 2. It is conserved from archaebacteria to humans, and is targeted by diphtheria toxin and Pseudomonas exotoxin A to halt cellular protein synthesis. The yeast and Chinese hamster homologs of this protein catalyze the trimethylation of the histidine residue on elongation factor 2, resulting in a diphthine moiety that is subsequently amidated to yield diphthamide. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DPH6 | diphthamine biosynthesis 6| |
| DPH7 | diphthamide biosynthesis 7|WDR85 is a WD repeat-containing protein that plays a role in the first step of diphthamide biosynthesis (Carette et al., 2009 [PubMed 19965467]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2010] |
| CALCR | calcitonin receptor|This gene encodes a high affinity receptor for the peptide hormone calcitonin and belongs to a subfamily of seven transmembrane-spanning G protein-coupled receptors. The encoded protein is involved in maintaining calcium homeostasis and in regulating osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with variations in bone mineral density and onset of osteoporosis. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| AGR2 | anterior gradient 2| |
| AGR3 | anterior gradient 3| |
| WIBG | within bgcn homolog (Drosophila)| |
| CANT1 | calcium activated nucleotidase 1|This protein encoded by this gene belongs to the apyrase family. It functions as a calcium-dependent nucleotidase with a preference for UDP. Mutations in this gene are associated with Desbuquois dysplasia with hand anomalies. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been noted for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| CALCA | calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha|This gene encodes the peptide hormones calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide and katacalcin by tissue-specific alternative RNA splicing of the gene transcripts and cleavage of inactive precursor proteins. Calcitonin is involved in calcium regulation and acts to regulate phosphorus metabolism. Calcitonin gene-related peptide functions as a vasodilator and as an antimicrobial peptide while katacalcin is a calcium-lowering peptide. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014] |
| AQP1 | aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)|Aquaporins are a family of small integral membrane proteins related to the major intrinsic protein (MIP or AQP0). This gene encodes an aquaporin which functions as a molecular water channel protein. It is a homotetramer with 6 bilayer spanning domains and N-glycosylation sites. The protein physically resembles channel proteins and is abundant in erythrocytes and renal tubes. The gene encoding this aquaporin is a possible candidate for disorders involving imbalance in ocular fluid movement. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| WBP4 | WW domain binding protein 4|This gene encodes WW domain-containing binding protein 4. The WW domain represents a small and compact globular structure that interacts with proline-rich ligands. This encoded protein is a general spliceosomal protein that may play a role in cross-intron bridging of U1 and U2 snRNPs in the spliceosomal complex A. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NDST3 | N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase (heparan glucosaminyl) 3|This gene encodes a member of the heparan sulfate/heparin GlcNAc N-deacetylase/ N-sulfotransferase family. The encoded enzyme is a type II transmembrane protein that resides in the Golgi apparatus. This monomeric bifunctional enzyme catalyzes the N-deacetylation and N-sulfation of N-acetylglucosamine residues in heparan sulfate and heparin, which are the initial chemical modifications required for the biosynthesis of the functional oligosaccharide sequences that define the specific ligand binding activities of heparan sulfate and heparin. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| CKB | creatine kinase, brain|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytoplasmic enzyme involved in energy homeostasis. The encoded protein reversibly catalyzes the transfer of phosphate between ATP and various phosphogens such as creatine phosphate. It acts as a homodimer in brain as well as in other tissues, and as a heterodimer with a similar muscle isozyme in heart. The encoded protein is a member of the ATP:guanido phosphotransferase protein family. A pseudogene of this gene has been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CKM | creatine kinase, muscle|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytoplasmic enzyme involved in energy homeostasis and is an important serum marker for myocardial infarction. The encoded protein reversibly catalyzes the transfer of phosphate between ATP and various phosphogens such as creatine phosphate. It acts as a homodimer in striated muscle as well as in other tissues, and as a heterodimer with a similar brain isozyme in heart. The encoded protein is a member of the ATP:guanido phosphotransferase protein family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PECR | peroxisomal trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase| |
| SLFN12 | schlafen family member 12| |
| MST1 | macrophage stimulating 1|The protein encoded by this gene contains four kringle domains and a serine protease domain, similar to that found in hepatic growth factor. Despite the presence of the serine protease domain, the encoded protein may not have any proteolytic activity. The receptor for this protein is RON tyrosine kinase, which upon activation stimulates ciliary motility of ciliated epithelial lung cells. This protein is secreted and cleaved to form an alpha chain and a beta chain bridged by disulfide bonds. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| PAH | phenylalanine hydroxylase|PAH encodes the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase that is the rate-limiting step in phenylalanine catabolism. Deficiency of this enzyme activity results in the autosomal recessive disorder phenylketonuria. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OR51B4 | olfactory receptor, family 51, subfamily B, member 4|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PAM | peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase|This gene encodes a multifunctional protein. It has two enzymatically active domains with catalytic activities - peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM) and peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase (PAL). These catalytic domains work sequentially to catalyze neuroendocrine peptides to active alpha-amidated products. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene but some of their full length sequences are not yet known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DCN | decorin|The protein encoded by this gene is a small cellular or pericellular matrix proteoglycan that is closely related in structure to biglycan protein. The encoded protein and biglycan are thought to be the result of a gene duplication. This protein is a component of connective tissue, binds to type I collagen fibrils, and plays a role in matrix assembly. It contains one attached glycosaminoglycan chain. This protein is capable of suppressing the growth of various tumor cell lines. There are multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants known for this gene. This gene is a candidate gene for Marfan syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPAM | glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial|This gene encodes a mitochondrial enzyme which prefers saturated fatty acids as its substrate for the synthesis of glycerolipids. This metabolic pathway's first step is catalyzed by the encoded enzyme. Two forms for this enzyme exist, one in the mitochondria and one in the endoplasmic reticulum. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| DCK | deoxycytidine kinase|Deoxycytidine kinase (DCK) is required for the phosphorylation of several deoxyribonucleosides and their nucleoside analogs. Deficiency of DCK is associated with resistance to antiviral and anticancer chemotherapeutic agents. Conversely, increased deoxycytidine kinase activity is associated with increased activation of these compounds to cytotoxic nucleoside triphosphate derivatives. DCK is clinically important because of its relationship to drug resistance and sensitivity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DCD | dermcidin|This antimicrobial gene encodes a secreted protein that is subsequently processed into mature peptides of distinct biological activities. The C-terminal peptide is constitutively expressed in sweat and has antibacterial and antifungal activities. The N-terminal peptide, also known as diffusible survival evasion peptide, promotes neural cell survival under conditions of severe oxidative stress. A glycosylated form of the N-terminal peptide may be associated with cachexia (muscle wasting) in cancer patients. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| ACSM5 | acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 5| |
| DCC | DCC netrin 1 receptor|This gene encodes a netrin 1 receptor. The transmembrane protein is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules, and mediates axon guidance of neuronal growth cones towards sources of netrin 1 ligand. The cytoplasmic tail interacts with the tyrosine kinases Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK, also known as PTK2) to mediate axon attraction. The protein partially localizes to lipid rafts, and induces apoptosis in the absence of ligand. The protein functions as a tumor suppressor, and is frequently mutated or downregulated in colorectal cancer and esophageal carcinoma. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| NDC1 | NDC1 transmembrane nucleoporin| |
| THRA | thyroid hormone receptor, alpha|The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear hormone receptor for triiodothyronine. It is one of the several receptors for thyroid hormone, and has been shown to mediate the biological activities of thyroid hormone. Knockout studies in mice suggest that the different receptors, while having certain extent of redundancy, may mediate different functions of thyroid hormone. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TAF4B | TAF4b RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 105kDa|TATA binding protein (TBP) and TBP-associated factors (TAFs) participate in the formation of the TFIID protein complex, which is involved in initiation of transcription of genes by RNA polymerase II. This gene encodes a cell type-specific TAF that may be responsible for mediating transcription by a subset of activators in B cells. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| PERP | PERP, TP53 apoptosis effector| |
| CUL9 | cullin 9| |
| DCX | doublecortin|This gene encodes a member of the doublecortin family. The protein encoded by this gene is a cytoplasmic protein and contains two doublecortin domains, which bind microtubules. In the developing cortex, cortical neurons must migrate over long distances to reach the site of their final differentiation. The encoded protein appears to direct neuronal migration by regulating the organization and stability of microtubules. In addition, the encoded protein interacts with LIS1, the regulatory gamma subunit of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase, and this interaction is important to proper microtubule function in the developing cortex. Mutations in this gene cause abnormal migration of neurons during development and disrupt the layering of the cortex, leading to epilepsy, mental retardation, subcortical band heterotopia ("double cortex" syndrome) in females and lissencephaly ("smooth brain" syndrome) in males. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| EIF4ENIF1 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E nuclear import factor 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttle protein for the translation initiation factor eIF4E. This shuttle protein interacts with the importin alpha-beta complex to mediate nuclear import of eIF4E. It is predominantly cytoplasmic; its own nuclear import is regulated by a nuclear localization signal and nuclear export signals. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| CUL5 | cullin 5| |
| DCT | dopachrome tautomerase| |
| CUL7 | cullin 7|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex. The encoded protein interacts with TP53, CUL9, and FBXW8 proteins. Defects in this gene are a cause of 3M syndrome type 1 (3M1). Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| CUL1 | cullin 1| |
| CUL2 | cullin 2| |
| CUL3 | cullin 3|This gene encodes a member of the cullin protein family. The encoded protein plays a critical role in the polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation of specific protein substrates as the core component and scaffold protein of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Complexes including the encoded protein may also play a role in late endosome maturation. Mutations in this gene are a cause of type 2E pseudohypoaldosteronism. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| TRIM28 | tripartite motif containing 28|The protein encoded by this gene mediates transcriptional control by interaction with the Kruppel-associated box repression domain found in many transcription factors. The protein localizes to the nucleus and is thought to associate with specific chromatin regions. The protein is a member of the tripartite motif family. This tripartite motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIM29 | tripartite motif containing 29|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the TRIM protein family. It has multiple zinc finger motifs and a leucine zipper motif. It has been proposed to form homo- or heterodimers which are involved in nucleic acid binding. Thus, it may act as a transcriptional regulatory factor involved in carcinogenesis and/or differentiation. It may also function in the suppression of radiosensitivity since it is associated with ataxia telangiectasia phenotype. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PNKP | polynucleotide kinase 3'-phosphatase|This locus represents a gene involved in DNA repair. In response to ionizing radiation or oxidative damage, the protein encoded by this locus catalyzes 5' phosphorylation and 3' dephosphorylation of nucleic acids. Mutations at this locus have been associated with microcephaly, seizures, and developmental delay.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| CDH20 | cadherin 20, type 2|This gene is a type II classical cadherin from the cadherin superfamily and one of three cadherin 7-like genes located in a cluster on chromosome 18. The encoded membrane protein is a calcium dependent cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein comprised of five extracellular cadherin repeats, a transmembrane region and a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail. Type II (atypical) cadherins are defined based on their lack of a HAV cell adhesion recognition sequence specific to type I cadherins. Since disturbance of intracellular adhesion is a prerequisite for invasion and metastasis of tumor cells, cadherins are considered prime candidates for tumor suppressor genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIM25 | tripartite motif containing 25|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to the cytoplasm. The presence of potential DNA-binding and dimerization-transactivation domains suggests that this protein may act as a transcription factor, similar to several other members of the TRIM family. Expression of the gene is upregulated in response to estrogen, and it is thought to mediate estrogen actions in breast cancer as a primary response gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIM26 | tripartite motif containing 26|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to cytoplasmic bodies. Although the function of the protein is unknown, the RING domain suggests that the protein may have DNA-binding activity. The gene localizes to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I region on chromosome 6. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| CDH23 | cadherin-related 23|This gene is a member of the cadherin superfamily, whose genes encode calcium dependent cell-cell adhesion glycoproteins. The encoded protein is thought to be involved in stereocilia organization and hair bundle formation. The gene is located in a region containing the human deafness loci DFNB12 and USH1D. Usher syndrome 1D and nonsyndromic autosomal recessive deafness DFNB12 are caused by allelic mutations of this cadherin-like gene. Upregulation of this gene may also be associated with breast cancer. Alternative splice variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| CREB3 | cAMP responsive element binding protein 3|This gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA binding proteins. This protein binds to the cAMP-response element and regulates cell proliferation. The protein interacts with host cell factor C1, which also associates with the herpes simplex virus (HSV) protein VP16 that induces transcription of HSV immediate-early genes. This protein and VP16 both bind to the same site on host cell factor C1. It is thought that the interaction between this protein and host cell factor C1 plays a role in the establishment of latency during HSV infection. This protein also plays a role in leukocyte migration, tumor suppression, and endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated protein degradation. Additional transcript variants have been identified, but their biological validity has not been determined.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| TDRKH | tudor and KH domain containing| |
| CREB1 | cAMP responsive element binding protein 1|This gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA binding proteins. This protein binds as a homodimer to the cAMP-responsive element, an octameric palindrome. The protein is phosphorylated by several protein kinases, and induces transcription of genes in response to hormonal stimulation of the cAMP pathway. Alternate splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIM23 | tripartite motif containing 23|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This protein is also a member of the ADP ribosylation factor family of guanine nucleotide-binding family of proteins. Its carboxy terminus contains an ADP-ribosylation factor domain and a guanine nucleotide binding site, while the amino terminus contains a GTPase activating protein domain which acts on the guanine nucleotide binding site. The protein localizes to lysosomes and the Golgi apparatus. It plays a role in the formation of intracellular transport vesicles, their movement from one compartment to another, and phopholipase D activation. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants for this gene have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PER3 | period circadian clock 3|This gene is a member of the Period family of genes and is expressed in a circadian pattern in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the primary circadian pacemaker in the mammalian brain. Genes in this family encode components of the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, metabolism, and behavior. This gene is upregulated by CLOCK/ARNTL heterodimers but then represses this upregulation in a feedback loop using PER/CRY heterodimers to interact with CLOCK/ARNTL. Polymorphisms in this gene have been linked to sleep disorders. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| PER2 | period circadian clock 2|This gene is a member of the Period family of genes and is expressed in a circadian pattern in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the primary circadian pacemaker in the mammalian brain. Genes in this family encode components of the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, metabolism, and behavior. This gene is upregulated by CLOCK/ARNTL heterodimers but then represses this upregulation in a feedback loop using PER/CRY heterodimers to interact with CLOCK/ARNTL. Polymorphisms in this gene may increase the risk of getting certain cancers and have been linked to sleep disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| PER1 | period circadian clock 1|This gene is a member of the Period family of genes and is expressed in a circadian pattern in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the primary circadian pacemaker in the mammalian brain. Genes in this family encode components of the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, metabolism, and behavior. This gene is upregulated by CLOCK/ARNTL heterodimers but then represses this upregulation in a feedback loop using PER/CRY heterodimers to interact with CLOCK/ARNTL. Polymorphisms in this gene may increase the risk of getting certain cancers. Alternative splicing has been observed in this gene; however, these variants have not been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| PNKD | paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia|This gene is thought to play a role in the regulation of myofibrillogenesis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the movement disorder paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| GNPAT | glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase|This gene encodes an enzyme located in the peroxisomal membrane which is essential to the synthesis of ether phospholipids. Mutations in this gene are associated with rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C21orf33 | chromosome 21 open reading frame 33|This gene encodes a potential mitochondrial protein that is a member of the DJ-1/PfpI gene family. This protein is overexpressed in fetal Down syndrome brain. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| KAT8 | K(lysine) acetyltransferase 8|This gene encodes a member of the MYST histone acetylase protein family. The encoded protein has a characteristic MYST domain containing an acetyl-CoA-binding site, a chromodomain typical of proteins which bind histones, and a C2HC-type zinc finger. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| FCER2 | Fc fragment of IgE, low affinity II, receptor for (CD23)|The protein encoded by this gene is a B-cell specific antigen, and a low-affinity receptor for IgE. It has essential roles in B cell growth and differentiation, and the regulation of IgE production. This protein also exists as a soluble secreted form, then functioning as a potent mitogenic growth factor. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| VTA1 | vesicle (multivesicular body) trafficking 1|C6ORF55 encodes a protein involved in trafficking of the multivesicular body, an endosomal compartment involved in sorting membrane proteins for degradation in lysosomes (Ward et al., 2005 [PubMed 15644320]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PUF60 | poly-U binding splicing factor 60KDa|This gene encodes a nucleic acid-binding protein that plays a role in a variety of nuclear processes, including pre-mRNA splicing and transcriptional regulation. The encoded protein forms a complex with the far upstream DNA element (FUSE) and FUSE-binding protein at the myelocytomatosis oncogene (MYC) promoter. This complex represses MYC transcription through the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| ARCN1 | archain 1|This gene maps in a region, which include the mixed lineage leukemia and Friend leukemia virus integration 1 genes, where multiple disease-associated chromosome translocations occur. It is an intracellular protein. Archain sequences are well conserved among eukaryotes and this protein may play a fundamental role in eukaryotic cell biology. It has similarities to heat shock proteins and clathrin-associated proteins, and may be involved in vesicle structure or trafficking. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KAT7 | K(lysine) acetyltransferase 7| |
| F2R | coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor|Coagulation factor II receptor is a 7-transmembrane receptor involved in the regulation of thrombotic response. Proteolytic cleavage leads to the activation of the receptor. F2R is a G-protein coupled receptor family member. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IHH | indian hedgehog|This gene encodes a member of the hedgehog family of secreted signaling molecules. Hedgehog proteins are essential regulators of a variety of developmental processes including growth, patterning and morphogenesis. The encoded protein specifically plays a role in bone growth an differentiation. Mutations in this gene are the cause of brachydactyly type A1 which is characterized by shortening or malformation of the phalanges. Mutations in this gene are also the cause of acrocapitofemoral dysplasia. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| GDF11 | growth differentiation factor 11|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family and the TGF-beta superfamily. This group of proteins is characterized by a polybasic proteolytic processing site which is cleaved to produce a mature protein containing seven conserved cysteine residues. The members of this family are regulators of cell growth and differentiation in both embryonic and adult tissues. Studies in mice and Xenopus suggest that this protein is involved in mesodermal formation and neurogenesis during embryonic development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPDPF | pancreatic progenitor cell differentiation and proliferation factor| |
| GDF10 | growth differentiation factor 10|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family and the TGF-beta superfamily. This group of proteins is characterized by a polybasic proteolytic processing site which is cleaved to produce a mature protein containing seven conserved cysteine residues. The members of this family are regulators of cell growth and differentiation in both embryonic and adult tissues. Studies in mice suggest that the protein encoded by this gene plays a role in skeletal morphogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EDARADD | EDAR-associated death domain|This gene was identified by its association with ectodermal dysplasia, a genetic disorder characterized by defective development of hair, teeth, and eccrine sweat glands. The protein encoded by this gene is a death domain-containing protein, and is found to interact with EDAR, a death domain receptor known to be required for the development of hair, teeth and other ectodermal derivatives. This protein and EDAR are coexpressed in epithelial cells during the formation of hair follicles and teeth. Through its interaction with EDAR, this protein acts as an adaptor, and links the receptor to downstream signaling pathways. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AES | amino-terminal enhancer of split|The protein encoded by this gene is similar in sequence to the amino terminus of Drosophila enhancer of split groucho, a protein involved in neurogenesis during embryonic development. The encoded protein, which belongs to the groucho/TLE family of proteins, can function as a homooligomer or as a heteroologimer with other family members to dominantly repress the expression of other family member genes. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PNRC1 | proline-rich nuclear receptor coactivator 1| |
| PNRC2 | proline-rich nuclear receptor coactivator 2| |
| DNAJC28 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 28| |
| MMGT1 | membrane magnesium transporter 1| |
| MROH2B | maestro heat-like repeat family member 2B| |
| SP140 | SP140 nuclear body protein| |
| NTSR2 | neurotensin receptor 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor family that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Binding and pharmacological studies demonstrate that this receptor binds neurotensin as well as several other ligands already described for neurotensin NT1 receptor. However, unlike NT1 receptor, this gene recognizes, with high affinity, levocabastine, a histamine H1 receptor antagonist previously shown to compete with neurotensin for low-affinity binding sites in brain. These activities suggest that this receptor may be of physiological importance and that a natural agonist for the receptor may exist. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DNAJC22 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 22| |
| DNAJC21 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 21| |
| NTSR1 | neurotensin receptor 1 (high affinity)|Neurotensin receptor 1 belongs to the large superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors. NTSR1 mediates the multiple functions of neurotensin, such as hypotension, hyperglycemia, hypothermia, antinociception, and regulation of intestinal motility and secretion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DTD1 | D-tyrosyl-tRNA deacylase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is similar in sequence to histidyl-tRNA synthetase, which hydrolyzes D-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr) into D-tyrosine and free tRNA(Tyr). The encoded protein is found in the cytoplasm. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DTD2 | D-tyrosyl-tRNA deacylase 2 (putative)| |
| ARHGAP8 | Rho GTPase activating protein 8|This gene encodes a member of the RHOGAP family. GAP (GTPase-activating) family proteins participate in signaling pathways that regulate cell processes involved in cytoskeletal changes. GAP proteins alternate between an active (GTP-bound) and inactive (GDP-bound) state based on the GTP:GDP ratio in the cell. This family member is a multidomain protein that functions to promote Erk activation and cell motility. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcripts from the upstream proline rich 5, renal (PRR5) gene into this gene also exist, which led to the original description of PRR5 and ARHGAP8 being a single gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| ARHGAP9 | Rho GTPase activating protein 9|This gene encodes a member of the Rho-GAP family of GTPase activating proteins. The protein has substantial GAP activity towards several Rho-family GTPases in vitro, converting them to an inactive GDP-bound state. It is implicated in regulating adhesion of hematopoietic cells to the extracellular matrix. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACN9 | succinate dehydrogenase complex assembly factor 3| |
| ARHGAP4 | Rho GTPase activating protein 4|This gene encodes a member of the rhoGAP family of proteins which play a role in the regulation of small GTP-binding proteins belonging to the RAS superfamily. The protein encoded by the orthologous gene in rat is localized to the Golgi complex and can redistribute to microtubules. The rat protein stimulates the activity of some Rho GTPases in vitro. Genomic deletions of this gene and a neighboring gene have been found in patients with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| ARHGAP5 | Rho GTPase activating protein 5|Rho GTPase activating protein 5 negatively regulates RHO GTPases, a family which may mediate cytoskeleton changes by stimulating the hydrolysis of bound GTP. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARHGAP6 | Rho GTPase activating protein 6|This gene encodes a member of the rhoGAP family of proteins which play a role in the regulation of actin polymerization at the plasma membrane during several cellular processes. This protein is thought to have two independent functions, one as a GTPase-activating protein with specificity for RhoA, and another as a cytoskeletal protein that promotes actin remodeling. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ICOSLG | inducible T-cell co-stimulator ligand| |
| ARHGAP1 | Rho GTPase activating protein 1|This gene encodes a member of a large family of proteins that activate Rho-type guanosine triphosphate (GTP) metabolizing enzymes. The encoded protein contains a SRC homology 3 domain and interacts with Bcl-2-associated protein family members. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| AEN | apoptosis enhancing nuclease| |
| SETD1A | SET domain containing 1A|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of a histone methyltransferase (HMT) complex that produces mono-, di-, and trimethylated histone H3 at Lys4. The protein contains SET domains, a RNA recognition motif domain and is a member of the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| SPRTN | SprT-like N-terminal domain|The protein encoded by this gene may play a role in DNA repair during replication of damaged DNA. This protein recruits valosin containing protein (p97) to stalled DNA replication forks where it may prevent excessive translesional DNA synthesis and limit the number of DNA-damage induced mutations. It may also be involved in replication-related G2/M-checkpoint regulation. Deficiency of a similar protein in mouse causes chromosomal instability and progeroid phenotypes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Ruijs-Aalfs syndrome (RJALS). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015] |
| PRLR | prolactin receptor|This gene encodes a receptor for the anterior pituitary hormone, prolactin, and belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. Prolactin-dependent signaling occurs as the result of ligand-induced dimerization of the prolactin receptor. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different membrane-bound and soluble isoforms have been described for this gene, which may function to modulate the endocrine and autocrine effects of prolactin in normal tissue and cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| LAMA3 | laminin, alpha 3|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the laminin family of secreted molecules. Laminins are heterotrimeric molecules that consist of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits that assemble through a coiled-coil domain. Laminins are essential for formation and function of the basement membrane and have additional functions in regulating cell migration and mechanical signal transduction. This gene encodes an alpha subunit and is responsive to several epithelial-mesenchymal regulators including keratinocyte growth factor, epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor. Mutations in this gene have been identified as the cause of Herlitz type junctional epidermolysis bullosa and laryngoonychocutaneous syndrome. Alternative splicing and alternative promoter usage result in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| ZNF227 | zinc finger protein 227| |
| ZFP36 | ZFP36 ring finger protein| |
| HAUS4 | HAUS augmin-like complex, subunit 4|This gene encodes a subunit of the centrosome complex termed the human augmin complex. The encoded protein localizes to the spindle microtubules and may play a role in mitotic spindle assembly and maintenance of centrosome integrity during cell division. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| TMEM79 | transmembrane protein 79| |
| PRLH | prolactin releasing hormone| |
| PPP6C | protein phosphatase 6, catalytic subunit|This gene encodes the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase, a component of a signaling pathway regulating cell cycle progression. Splice variants encoding different protein isoforms exist. The pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZYX | zyxin|Focal adhesions are actin-rich structures that enable cells to adhere to the extracellular matrix and at which protein complexes involved in signal transduction assemble. Zyxin is a zinc-binding phosphoprotein that concentrates at focal adhesions and along the actin cytoskeleton. Zyxin has an N-terminal proline-rich domain and three LIM domains in its C-terminal half. The proline-rich domain may interact with SH3 domains of proteins involved in signal transduction pathways while the LIM domains are likely involved in protein-protein binding. Zyxin may function as a messenger in the signal transduction pathway that mediates adhesion-stimulated changes in gene expression and may modulate the cytoskeletal organization of actin bundles. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same isoform. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIF7 | kinesin family member 7|This gene encodes a cilia-associated protein belonging to the kinesin family. This protein plays a role in the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway through the regulation of GLI transcription factors. It functions as a negative regulator of the SHH pathway by preventing inappropriate activation of GLI2 in the absence of ligand, and as a positive regulator by preventing the processing of GLI3 into its repressor form. Mutations in this gene have been associated with various ciliopathies. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| TMEM70 | transmembrane protein 70|This gene likely encodes a mitochondrial membrane protein. The encoded protein may play a role in biogenesis of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mutations in this gene have been associated with neonatal mitochondrial encephalocardiomyopathy due to ATP synthase deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| ZFP30 | ZFP30 zinc finger protein| |
| ANXA13 | annexin A13|This gene encodes a member of the annexin family. Members of this calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein family play a role in the regulation of cellular growth and in signal transduction pathways. The specific function of this gene has not yet been determined; however, it is associated with the plasma membrane of undifferentiated, proliferating endothelial cells and differentiated villus enterocytes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATHL1 | ATH1, acid trehalase-like 1 (yeast)| |
| RBL2 | retinoblastoma-like 2| |
| FAM86A | eukaryotic elongation factor 2 lysine methyltransferase| |
| SLA | Src-like-adaptor| |
| HSPA4L | heat shock 70kDa protein 4-like| |
| KCNQ3 | potassium channel, voltage gated KQT-like subfamily Q, member 3|This gene encodes a protein that functions in the regulation of neuronal excitability. The encoded protein forms an M-channel by associating with the products of the related KCNQ2 or KCNQ5 genes, which both encode integral membrane proteins. M-channel currents are inhibited by M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and are activated by retigabine, a novel anti-convulsant drug. Defects in this gene are a cause of benign familial neonatal convulsions type 2 (BFNC2), also known as epilepsy, benign neonatal type 2 (EBN2). Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| HEMGN | hemogen| |
| MRPL4 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L4|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. Sequence analysis identified alternatively spliced variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPL2 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L2|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein that belongs to the EcoL2 ribosomal protein family. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 12q. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| RPUSD1 | RNA pseudouridylate synthase domain containing 1| |
| RPUSD2 | RNA pseudouridylate synthase domain containing 2| |
| MRPL1 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L1|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein that belongs to the L1 ribosomal protein family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZFAT | zinc finger and AT hook domain containing|This gene encodes a protein that likely binds DNA and functions as a transcriptional regulator involved in apoptosis and cell survival. This gene resides in a susceptibility locus for autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) on chromosome 8q24. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| MRPL9 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L9|This is a nuclear gene encoding a protein component of the 39S subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 8. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| ZNF611 | zinc finger protein 611| |
| ZNF610 | zinc finger protein 610| |
| ZNF615 | zinc finger protein 615| |
| ZNF614 | zinc finger protein 614| |
| LAMA5 | laminin, alpha 5|This gene encodes one of the vertebrate laminin alpha chains. Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Laminins are composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively) and they form a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. The protein encoded by this gene is the alpha-5 subunit of of laminin-10 (laminin-511), laminin-11 (laminin-521) and laminin-15 (laminin-523). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| ZNF616 | zinc finger protein 616| |
| MOS | v-mos Moloney murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog|MOS is a serine/threonine kinase that activates the MAP kinase cascade through direct phosphorylation of the MAP kinase activator MEK (MAP2K1; MIM 176872) (Prasad et al., 2008 [PubMed 18246541]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2009] |
| ZNF618 | zinc finger protein 618| |
| SLC3A1 | solute carrier family 3 (amino acid transporter heavy chain), member 1|This gene encodes a type II membrane glycoprotein which is one of the components of the renal amino acid transporter which transports neutral and basic amino acids in the renal tubule and intestinal tract. Mutations and deletions in this gene are associated with cystinuria. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MOK | MOK protein kinase|This gene belongs to the MAP kinase superfamily. The gene was found to be regulated by caudal type transcription factor 2 (Cdx2) protein. The encoded protein, which is localized to epithelial cells in the intestinal crypt, may play a role in growth arrest and differentiation of cells of upper crypt and lower villus regions. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| EIF4EBP1 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1|This gene encodes one member of a family of translation repressor proteins. The protein directly interacts with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), which is a limiting component of the multisubunit complex that recruits 40S ribosomal subunits to the 5' end of mRNAs. Interaction of this protein with eIF4E inhibits complex assembly and represses translation. This protein is phosphorylated in response to various signals including UV irradiation and insulin signaling, resulting in its dissociation from eIF4E and activation of mRNA translation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EIF4EBP3 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 3|This gene encodes a member of the EIF4EBP family, which consists of proteins that bind to eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E and regulate its assembly into EIF4F, the multi-subunit translation initiation factor that recognizes the mRNA cap structure. Read-through transcription from the neighboring upstream gene (MASK or ANKHD1) generates a transcript (MASK-BP3) that encodes a protein comprised of the MASK protein sequence for the majority of the protein and a different C-terminus due to an alternate reading frame for the EIF4EBP3 segments. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| EIF4EBP2 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 2|This gene encodes a member of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein family. The gene products of this family bind eIF4E and inhibit translation initiation. However, insulin and other growth factors can release this inhibition via a phosphorylation-dependent disruption of their binding to eIF4E. Regulation of protein production through these gene products have been implicated in cell proliferation, cell differentiation and viral infection. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| MOG | myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein|The product of this gene is a membrane protein expressed on the oligodendrocyte cell surface and the outermost surface of myelin sheaths. Due to this localization, it is a primary target antigen involved in immune-mediated demyelination. This protein may be involved in completion and maintenance of the myelin sheath and in cell-cell communication. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BAG2 | BCL2-associated athanogene 2|BAG proteins compete with Hip for binding to the Hsc70/Hsp70 ATPase domain and promote substrate release. All the BAG proteins have an approximately 45-amino acid BAG domain near the C terminus but differ markedly in their N-terminal regions. The predicted BAG2 protein contains 211 amino acids. The BAG domains of BAG1, BAG2, and BAG3 interact specifically with the Hsc70 ATPase domain in vitro and in mammalian cells. All 3 proteins bind with high affinity to the ATPase domain of Hsc70 and inhibit its chaperone activity in a Hip-repressible manner. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BAG3 | BCL2-associated athanogene 3|BAG proteins compete with Hip for binding to the Hsc70/Hsp70 ATPase domain and promote substrate release. All the BAG proteins have an approximately 45-amino acid BAG domain near the C terminus but differ markedly in their N-terminal regions. The protein encoded by this gene contains a WW domain in the N-terminal region and a BAG domain in the C-terminal region. The BAG domains of BAG1, BAG2, and BAG3 interact specifically with the Hsc70 ATPase domain in vitro and in mammalian cells. All 3 proteins bind with high affinity to the ATPase domain of Hsc70 and inhibit its chaperone activity in a Hip-repressible manner. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BAG1 | BCL2-associated athanogene|The oncogene BCL2 is a membrane protein that blocks a step in a pathway leading to apoptosis or programmed cell death. The protein encoded by this gene binds to BCL2 and is referred to as BCL2-associated athanogene. It enhances the anti-apoptotic effects of BCL2 and represents a link between growth factor receptors and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Multiple protein isoforms are encoded by this mRNA through the use of a non-AUG (CUG) initiation codon, and three alternative downstream AUG initiation codons. A related pseudogene has been defined on chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| BAG6 | BCL2-associated athanogene 6|This gene was first characterized as part of a cluster of genes located within the human major histocompatibility complex class III region. This gene encodes a nuclear protein that is cleaved by caspase 3 and is implicated in the control of apoptosis. In addition, the protein forms a complex with E1A binding protein p300 and is required for the acetylation of p53 in response to DNA damage. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BAG4 | BCL2-associated athanogene 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the BAG1-related protein family. BAG1 is an anti-apoptotic protein that functions through interactions with a variety of cell apoptosis and growth related proteins including BCL-2, Raf-protein kinase, steroid hormone receptors, growth factor receptors and members of the heat shock protein 70 kDa family. This protein contains a BAG domain near the C-terminus, which could bind and inhibit the chaperone activity of Hsc70/Hsp70. This protein was found to be associated with the death domain of tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (TNF-R1) and death receptor-3 (DR3), and thereby negatively regulates downstream cell death signaling. The regulatory role of this protein in cell death was demonstrated in epithelial cells which undergo apoptosis while integrin mediated matrix contacts are lost. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| YBEY | ybeY metallopeptidase (putative)| |
| SH2D1B | SH2 domain containing 1B|By binding phosphotyrosines through its free SRC (MIM 190090) homology-2 (SH2) domain, EAT2 regulates signal transduction through receptors expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (Morra et al., 2001 [PubMed 11689425]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SH2D1A | SH2 domain containing 1A|This gene encodes a protein that plays a major role in the bidirectional stimulation of T and B cells. This protein contains an SH2 domain and a short tail. It associates with the signaling lymphocyte-activation molecule, thereby acting as an inhibitor of this transmembrane protein by blocking the recruitment of the SH2-domain-containing signal-transduction molecule SHP-2 to its docking site. This protein can also bind to other related surface molecules that are expressed on activated T, B and NK cells, thereby modifying signal transduction pathways in these cells. Mutations in this gene cause lymphoproliferative syndrome X-linked type 1 or Duncan disease, a rare immunodeficiency characterized by extreme susceptibility to infection with Epstein-Barr virus, with symptoms including severe mononucleosis and malignant lymphoma. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MSRB1 | methionine sulfoxide reductase B1|This gene encodes a selenoprotein, which contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue at its active site. The selenocysteine is encoded by the UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTR of selenoprotein genes have a common stem-loop structure, the sec insertion sequence (SECIS), that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. This protein belongs to the methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) protein family which includes repair enzymes that reduce oxidized methionine residues in proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is expressed in a variety of adult and fetal tissues and localizes to the cell nucleus and cytosol. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| RTKN | rhotekin|This gene encodes a scaffold protein that interacts with GTP-bound Rho proteins. Binding of this protein inhibits the GTPase activity of Rho proteins. This protein may interfere with the conversion of active, GTP-bound Rho to the inactive GDP-bound form by RhoGAP. Rho proteins regulate many important cellular processes, including cytokinesis, transcription, smooth muscle contraction, cell growth and transformation. Dysregulation of the Rho signal transduction pathway has been implicated in many forms of cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MSRB3 | methionine sulfoxide reductase B3|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the reduction of methionine sulfoxide to methionine. This enzyme acts as a monomer and requires zinc as a cofactor. Several transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. One of the isoforms localizes to mitochondria while the other localizes to endoplasmic reticula. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| CTDP1 | CTD (carboxy-terminal domain, RNA polymerase II, polypeptide A) phosphatase, subunit 1|This gene encodes a protein which interacts with the carboxy-terminus of the RAP74 subunit of transcription initiation factor TFIIF, and functions as a phosphatase that processively dephosphorylates the C-terminus of POLR2A (a subunit of RNA polymerase II), making it available for initiation of gene expression. Mutations in this gene are associated with congenital cataracts, facial dysmorphism and neuropathy syndrome (CCFDN). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| SLC39A1 | solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 1|This gene encodes a member of the zinc-iron permease family. The encoded protein is localized to the cell membrane and acts as a zinc uptake transporter. This gene has been linked to prostate cancer, breast cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| RSBN1 | round spermatid basic protein 1| |
| CD79B | CD79b molecule, immunoglobulin-associated beta|The B lymphocyte antigen receptor is a multimeric complex that includes the antigen-specific component, surface immunoglobulin (Ig). Surface Ig non-covalently associates with two other proteins, Ig-alpha and Ig-beta, which are necessary for expression and function of the B-cell antigen receptor. This gene encodes the Ig-beta protein of the B-cell antigen component. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MEOX1 | mesenchyme homeobox 1|This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of non-clustered, diverged, antennapedia-like homeobox-containing genes. The encoded protein may play a role in the molecular signaling network regulating somite development. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MEOX2 | mesenchyme homeobox 2|This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of non-clustered, diverged, antennapedia-like homeobox-containing genes. The encoded protein may play a role in the regulation of vertebrate limb myogenesis. Mutations in the related mouse protein may be associated with craniofacial and/or skeletal abnormalities, in addition to neurovascular dysfunction observed in Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD79A | CD79a molecule, immunoglobulin-associated alpha|The B lymphocyte antigen receptor is a multimeric complex that includes the antigen-specific component, surface immunoglobulin (Ig). Surface Ig non-covalently associates with two other proteins, Ig-alpha and Ig-beta, which are necessary for expression and function of the B-cell antigen receptor. This gene encodes the Ig-alpha protein of the B-cell antigen component. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CSDC2 | cold shock domain containing C2, RNA binding| |
| ARHGAP23 | Rho GTPase activating protein 23|The RHO (see ARHA; MIM 165390) family of small GTPases are involved in signal transduction through transmembrane receptors, and they are inactive in the GDP-bound form and active in the GTP-bound form. GTPase-activating proteins, such as ARHGAP23, inactivate RHO family proteins by stimulating their hydrolysis of GTP (Katoh and Katoh, 2004 [PubMed 15254754]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ATXN1L | ataxin 1-like| |
| ZNF385B | zinc finger protein 385B| |
| ZNF385A | zinc finger protein 385A|Zinc finger proteins, such as ZNF385A, are regulatory proteins that act as transcription factors, bind single- or double-stranded RNA, or interact with other proteins (Sharma et al., 2004 [PubMed 15527981]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2008] |
| GMFB | glia maturation factor, beta| |
| CBLN3 | cerebellin 3 precursor|Members of the precerebellin family, such as CBLN3, contain a cerebellin motif (see CBLN1; MIM 600432) and a C-terminal C1q signature domain (see MIM 120550) that mediates trimeric assembly of atypical collagen complexes. However, precerebellins do not contain a collagen motif, suggesting that they are not conventional components of the extracellular matrix (Pang et al., 2000 [PubMed 10964938]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2009] |
| UTP11L | UTP11-like, U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (yeast)| |
| CLVS1 | clavesin 1| |
| XIRP2 | xin actin binding repeat containing 2| |
| PDHA2 | pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) alpha 2| |
| CPSF3L | cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 3-like|The Integrator complex contains at least 12 subunits and associates with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II large subunit (POLR2A; MIM 180660) and mediates the 3-prime end processing of small nuclear RNAs U1 (RNU1; MIM 180680) and U2 (RNU2; MIM 180690). INTS11, or CPSF3L, is the catalytic subunit of the Integrator complex (Baillat et al., 2005 [PubMed 16239144]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PDHA1 | pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) alpha 1|The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial multienzyme complex that catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and provides the primary link between glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The PDH complex is composed of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). The E1 enzyme is a heterotetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits. This gene encodes the E1 alpha 1 subunit containing the E1 active site, and plays a key role in the function of the PDH complex. Mutations in this gene are associated with pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-alpha deficiency and X-linked Leigh syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| TNK1 | tyrosine kinase, non-receptor, 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the tyrosine protein kinase family. Tyrosine protein kinases are important regulators of intracellular signal transduction pathways, mediating cellular proliferation, survival, and development. This gene is highly expressed in fetal tissues and at lower levels in few adult tissues, thus may function in signaling pathways utilized broadly during fetal development, and more selectively in adult tissues. It plays a negative regulatory role in the Ras-Raf1-MAPK pathway, and knockout mice have been shown to develop spontaneous tumors, suggesting a role as a tumor suppressor gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| SAP18 | Sin3A-associated protein, 18kDa|Histone acetylation plays a key role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are catalyzed by multisubunit complexes. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the histone deacetylase complex, which includes SIN3, SAP30, HDAC1, HDAC2, RbAp46, RbAp48, and other polypeptides. This protein directly interacts with SIN3 and enhances SIN3-mediated transcriptional repression when tethered to the promoter. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| ARHGAP24 | Rho GTPase activating protein 24|ARHGAPs, such as ARHGAP24, encode negative regulators of Rho GTPases (see ARHA; MIM 165390), which are implicated in actin remodeling, cell polarity, and cell migration (Katoh and Katoh, 2004 [PubMed 15254788]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CAPN11 | calpain 11|Calpains constitute a family of intracellular calcium-dependent cysteine proteases. There are eight members in this superfamily. They consist of a variable 80 kDa subunit and an invariant 30 kDa subunit. This calpain protein appears to have protease activity and calcium-binding ability. A similar mouse protein may play a functional role in spermatogenesis and in the regulation of calcium-dependent signal transduction events during meiosis. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| MZF1 | myeloid zinc finger 1| |
| ATXN10 | ataxin 10|This gene encodes a protein that may function in neuron survival, neuron differentiation, and neuritogenesis. These roles may be carried out via activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. Expansion of a pentanucleotide repeat in an intronic region of this locus has been associated with spinocerebellar ataxia, type 10. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| RAP1GAP2 | RAP1 GTPase activating protein 2|This gene encodes a GTPase-activating protein that activates the small guanine-nucleotide-binding protein Rap1 in platelets. The protein interacts with synaptotagmin-like protein 1 and Rab27 and regulates secretion of dense granules from platelets at sites of endothelial damage. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| RRP12 | ribosomal RNA processing 12 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| FSCN1 | fascin actin-bundling protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the fascin family of actin-binding proteins. Fascin proteins organize F-actin into parallel bundles, and are required for the formation of actin-based cellular protrusions. The encoded protein plays a critical role in cell migration, motility, adhesion and cellular interactions. Expression of this gene is known to be regulated by several microRNAs, and overexpression of this gene may play a role in the metastasis of multiple types of cancer by increasing cell motility. Expression of this gene is also a marker for Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's lymphoma. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 15. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| TCAP | titin-cap|Sarcomere assembly is regulated by the muscle protein titin. Titin is a giant elastic protein with kinase activity that extends half the length of a sarcomere. It serves as a scaffold to which myofibrils and other muscle related proteins are attached. This gene encodes a protein found in striated and cardiac muscle that binds to the titin Z1-Z2 domains and is a substrate of titin kinase, interactions thought to be critical to sarcomere assembly. Mutations in this gene are associated with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2G. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPS17 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S17|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S17P family. The encoded protein is moderately conserved between human mitochondrial and prokaryotic ribosomal proteins. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 1p, 3p, 6q, 14p, 18q, and Xq. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ILVBL | ilvB (bacterial acetolactate synthase)-like|The protein encoded by this gene shares similarity with several thiamine pyrophosphate-binding proteins identified in bacteria, yeast, and plants. The highest degree of similarity is found with bacterial acetolactate synthases (AHAS), which are enzymes that catalyze the first step in branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MYL12B | myosin, light chain 12B, regulatory|The activity of nonmuscle myosin II (see MYH9; MIM 160775) is regulated by phosphorylation of a regulatory light chain, such as MRLC2. This phosphorylation results in higher MgATPase activity and the assembly of myosin II filaments (Iwasaki et al., 2001 [PubMed 11942626]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MYL12A | myosin, light chain 12A, regulatory, non-sarcomeric|This gene encodes a nonsarcomeric myosin regulatory light chain. This protein is activated by phosphorylation and regulates smooth muscle and non-muscle cell contraction. This protein may also be involved in DNA damage repair by sequestering the transcriptional regulator apoptosis-antagonizing transcription factor (AATF)/Che-1 which functions as a repressor of p53-driven apoptosis. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 8.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| G2E3 | G2/M-phase specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase| |
| TSTA3 | tissue specific transplantation antigen P35B|Tissue specific transplantation antigen P35B is a NADP(H)-binding protein. It catalyze the two-step epimerase and the reductase reactions in GDP-D-mannose metabolism, converting GDP-4-keto-6-D-deoxymannose to GDP-L-fucose. GDP-L-fucose is the substrate of several fucosyltransferases involved in the expression of many glycoconjugates, including blood group ABH antigens and developmental adhesion antigens. Mutations in this gene may cause leukocyte adhesion deficiency, type II. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPS6KC1 | ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 52kDa, polypeptide 1| |
| MRPS14 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S14|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S14P family. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| RFPL4B | ret finger protein-like 4B| |
| RFPL4A | ret finger protein-like 4A| |
| RILPL1 | Rab interacting lysosomal protein-like 1| |
| RILPL2 | Rab interacting lysosomal protein-like 2|This gene encodes a protein that contains a rab-interacting lysosomal protein-like domain. This protein may be involved in regulating lysosome morphology. This protein may also be a target for the Hepatitis C virus and assist in viral replication. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| MRPS12 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S12|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S12P family. The encoded protein is a key component of the ribosomal small subunit and controls the decoding fidelity and susceptibility to aminoglycoside antibiotics. The gene for mitochondrial seryl-tRNA synthetase is located upstream and adjacent to this gene, and both genes are possible candidates for the autosomal dominant deafness gene (DFNA4). Splice variants that differ in the 5' UTR have been found for this gene; all three variants encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COL6A3 | collagen, type VI, alpha 3|This gene encodes the alpha-3 chain, one of the three alpha chains of type VI collagen, a beaded filament collagen found in most connective tissues. The alpha-3 chain of type VI collagen is much larger than the alpha-1 and -2 chains. This difference in size is largely due to an increase in the number of subdomains, similar to von Willebrand Factor type A domains, that are found in the amino terminal globular domain of all the alpha chains. These domains have been shown to bind extracellular matrix proteins, an interaction that explains the importance of this collagen in organizing matrix components. Mutations in the type VI collagen genes are associated with Bethlem myopathy, a rare autosomal dominant proximal myopathy with early childhood onset. Mutations in this gene are also a cause of Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy, also referred to as Ullrich scleroatonic muscular dystrophy, an autosomal recessive congenital myopathy that is more severe than Bethlem myopathy. Multiple transcript variants have been identified, but the full-length nature of only some of these variants has been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| TMPO | thymopoietin|The protein encoded by this gene resides in the nucleus and may play a role in the assembly of the nuclear lamina, and thus help maintain the structural organization of the nuclear envelope. It may function as a receptor for the attachment of lamin filaments to the inner nuclear membrane. Mutations in this gene are associated with dilated cardiomyopathy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| IDO1 | indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1|This gene encodes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) - a heme enzyme that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in tryptophan catabolism to N-formyl-kynurenine. This enzyme acts on multiple tryptophan substrates including D-tryptophan, L-tryptophan, 5-hydroxy-tryptophan, tryptamine, and serotonin. This enzyme is thought to play a role in a variety of pathophysiological processes such as antimicrobial and antitumor defense, neuropathology, immunoregulation, and antioxidant activity. Through its expression in dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages this enzyme modulates T-cell behavior by its peri-cellular catabolization of the essential amino acid tryptophan.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| MRPS11 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S11|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that contains a high level of sequence similarity with ribosomal protein S11P family members. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 20. Sequence analysis identified two transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CAMK1G | calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IG|This gene encodes a protein similar to calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase, however, its exact function is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPS10 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S10|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S10P family. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 1q, 3p, and 9p. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LDHAL6B | lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6B| |
| ECM1 | extracellular matrix protein 1|This gene encodes a soluble protein that is involved in endochondral bone formation, angiogenesis, and tumor biology. It also interacts with a variety of extracellular and structural proteins, contributing to the maintenance of skin integrity and homeostasis. Mutations in this gene are associated with lipoid proteinosis disorder (also known as hyalinosis cutis et mucosae or Urbach-Wiethe disease) that is characterized by generalized thickening of skin, mucosae and certain viscera. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| LDHAL6A | lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6A| |
| SMCR8 | Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosome region, candidate 8| |
| DDIT3 | DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3|This gene encodes a member of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family of transcription factors. The protein functions as a dominant-negative inhibitor by forming heterodimers with other C/EBP members, such as C/EBP and LAP (liver activator protein), and preventing their DNA binding activity. The protein is implicated in adipogenesis and erythropoiesis, is activated by endoplasmic reticulum stress, and promotes apoptosis. Fusion of this gene and FUS on chromosome 16 or EWSR1 on chromosome 22 induced by translocation generates chimeric proteins in myxoid liposarcomas or Ewing sarcoma. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding two isoforms with different length have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| FMR1 | fragile X mental retardation 1|The protein encoded by this gene binds RNA and is associated with polysomes. The encoded protein may be involved in mRNA trafficking from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. A trinucleotide repeat (CGG) in the 5' UTR is normally found at 6-53 copies, but an expansion to 55-230 repeats is the cause of fragile X syndrome. Expansion of the trinucleotide repeat may also cause one form of premature ovarian failure (POF1). Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms and which are located in different cellular locations have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| DDIT4 | DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4| |
| SEL1L3 | sel-1 suppressor of lin-12-like 3 (C. elegans)| |
| SEL1L2 | sel-1 suppressor of lin-12-like 2 (C. elegans)| |
| LYPD3 | LY6/PLAUR domain containing 3| |
| PRDM9 | PR domain containing 9|The PR domain is a protein-protein interaction module of about 100 amino acids. PR domain-containing proteins, such as PRDM9, are often involved in transcriptional regulation (Jiang and Huang, 2000 [PubMed 10668202]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CATSPER4 | cation channel, sperm associated 4| |
| CALCOCO1 | calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 1| |
| NAP1L2 | nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 2|The protein encoded by this intronless gene is a member of the nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family. The encoded protein represents a class of tissue-specific factors that interact with chromatin to regulate neuronal cell proliferation. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| NAP1L3 | nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 3|This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family. This gene is linked closely to a region of genes responsible for several X-linked mental retardation syndromes. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| NAP1L4 | nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 4|This gene encodes a member of the nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family which can interact with both core and linker histones. It can shuttle between the cytoplasm and nucleus, suggesting a role as a histone chaperone. This gene is one of several located near the imprinted gene domain of 11p15.5, an important tumor-suppressor gene region. Alterations in this region have been associated with the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, and lung, ovarian, and breast cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NAP1L5 | nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 5| |
| CATSPER2 | cation channel, sperm associated 2|Calcium ions play a primary role in the regulation of sperm motility. This gene belongs to a family of putative cation channels that are specific to spermatozoa and localize to the flagellum. The protein family features a single repeat with six membrane-spanning segments and a predicted calcium-selective pore region. This gene is part of a tandem repeat on chromosome 15q15; the second copy of this gene is thought to be a pseudogene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| CATSPER3 | cation channel, sperm associated 3| |
| TGOLN2 | trans-golgi network protein 2|This gene encodes a type I integral membrane protein that is localized to the trans-Golgi network, a major sorting station for secretory and membrane proteins. The encoded protein cycles between early endosomes and the trans-Golgi network, and may play a role in exocytic vesicle formation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| RGS5 | regulator of G-protein signaling 5|This gene encodes a member of the regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) family. The RGS proteins are signal transduction molecules which are involved in the regulation of heterotrimeric G proteins by acting as GTPase activators. This gene is a hypoxia-inducible factor-1 dependent, hypoxia-induced gene which is involved in the induction of endothelial apoptosis. This gene is also one of three genes on chromosome 1q contributing to elevated blood pressure. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| RGS6 | regulator of G-protein signaling 6|This gene encodes a member of the RGS (regulator of G protein signaling) family of proteins, which are defined by the presence of a RGS domain that confers the GTPase-activating activity of these proteins toward certain G alpha subunits. This protein also belongs to a subfamily of RGS proteins characterized by the presence of DEP and GGL domains, the latter a G beta 5-interacting domain. The RGS proteins negatively regulate G protein signaling, and may modulate neuronal, cardiovascular, lymphocytic activities, and cancer risk. Many alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms with long or short N-terminal domains, complete or incomplete GGL domains, and distinct C-terminal domains, have been described for this gene, however, the full-length nature of some of these variants is not known.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| ANKRD30B | ankyrin repeat domain 30B| |
| RGS1 | regulator of G-protein signaling 1|This gene encodes a member of the regulator of G-protein signalling family. This protein is located on the cytosolic side of the plasma membrane and contains a conserved, 120 amino acid motif called the RGS domain. The protein attenuates the signalling activity of G-proteins by binding to activated, GTP-bound G alpha subunits and acting as a GTPase activating protein (GAP), increasing the rate of conversion of the GTP to GDP. This hydrolysis allows the G alpha subunits to bind G beta/gamma subunit heterodimers, forming inactive G-protein heterotrimers, thereby terminating the signal. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RGS2 | regulator of G-protein signaling 2|Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) family members are regulatory molecules that act as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) for G alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. RGS proteins are able to deactivate G protein subunits of the Gi alpha, Go alpha and Gq alpha subtypes. They drive G proteins into their inactive GDP-bound forms. Regulator of G protein signaling 2 belongs to this family. The protein acts as a mediator of myeloid differentiation and may play a role in leukemogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| RGS3 | regulator of G-protein signaling 3|This gene encodes a member of the regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) family. This protein is a GTPase-activating protein that inhibits G-protein-mediated signal transduction. Alternative splicing and the use of alternative promoters results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Long isoforms are largely cytosolic and plasma membrane-associated with a function in Wnt signaling and in the epithelial mesenchymal transition, while shorter N-terminally-truncated isoforms can be nuclear. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| PLAG1 | pleiomorphic adenoma gene 1|Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 encodes a zinc finger protein with 2 putative nuclear localization signals. PLAG1, which is developmentally regulated, has been shown to be consistently rearranged in pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands. PLAG1 is activated by the reciprocal chromosomal translocations involving 8q12 in a subset of salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RGS9 | regulator of G-protein signaling 9|This gene encodes a member of the RGS family of GTPase activating proteins that function in various signaling pathways by accelerating the deactivation of G proteins. This protein is anchored to photoreceptor membranes in retinal cells and deactivates G proteins in the rod and cone phototransduction cascades. Mutations in this gene result in bradyopsia. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| APMAP | adipocyte plasma membrane associated protein| |
| COL1A2 | collagen, type I, alpha 2|This gene encodes the pro-alpha2 chain of type I collagen whose triple helix comprises two alpha1 chains and one alpha2 chain. Type I is a fibril-forming collagen found in most connective tissues and is abundant in bone, cornea, dermis and tendon. Mutations in this gene are associated with osteogenesis imperfecta types I-IV, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VIIB, recessive Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Classical type, idiopathic osteoporosis, and atypical Marfan syndrome. Symptoms associated with mutations in this gene, however, tend to be less severe than mutations in the gene for the alpha1 chain of type I collagen (COL1A1) reflecting the different role of alpha2 chains in matrix integrity. Three transcripts, resulting from the use of alternate polyadenylation signals, have been identified for this gene. [provided by R. Dalgleish, Feb 2008] |
| COL19A1 | collagen, type XIX, alpha 1|This gene encodes the alpha chain of type XIX collagen, a member of the FACIT collagen family (fibril-associated collagens with interrupted helices). Although the function of this collagen is not known, other members of this collagen family are found in association with fibril-forming collagens such as type I and II, and serve to maintain the integrity of the extracellular matrix. The transcript produced from this gene has an unusually large 3' UTR which has not been completely sequenced. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SERTAD3 | SERTA domain containing 3|The protein encoded by this gene was identified in a yeast two-hybrid assay employing the second subunit of human replication protein A as bait. It is localized to the nucleus and its expression is significantly higher in cancer cell lines compared to normal cell lines. This protein has also been shown to be a strong transcriptional co-activator. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and two variants, both encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IL1RAP | interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein|Interleukin 1 induces synthesis of acute phase and proinflammatory proteins during infection, tissue damage, or stress, by forming a complex at the cell membrane with an interleukin 1 receptor and an accessory protein. This gene encodes the interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein. The protein is a necessary part of the interleukin 1 receptor complex which initiates signalling events that result in the activation of interleukin 1-responsive genes. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding two different isoforms, one membrane-bound and one soluble. The ratio of soluble to membrane-bound forms increases during acute-phase induction or stress. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| CATSPERD | catsper channel auxiliary subunit delta| |
| SERTAD4 | SERTA domain containing 4| |
| KIAA1143 | KIAA1143| |
| CATSPERB | catsper channel auxiliary subunit beta| |
| KIAA1147 | KIAA1147| |
| FSD1L | fibronectin type III and SPRY domain containing 1-like| |
| PPP6R1 | protein phosphatase 6, regulatory subunit 1|Protein phosphatase regulatory subunits, such as SAPS1, modulate the activity of protein phosphatase catalytic subunits by restricting substrate specificity, recruiting substrates, and determining the intracellular localization of the holoenzyme. SAPS1 is a regulatory subunit for the protein phosphatase-6 catalytic subunit (PPP6C; MIM 612725) (Stefansson and Brautigan, 2006 [PubMed 16769727]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| SH2B2 | SH2B adaptor protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene is expressed in B lymphocytes and contains pleckstrin homology and src homology 2 (SH2) domains. In Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines, it is tyrosine-phosphorylated in response to B cell receptor stimulation. Because it binds Shc independent of stimulation and Grb2 after stimulation, it appears to play a role in signal transduction from the receptor to the Shc/Grb2 pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| NAB1 | NGFI-A binding protein 1 (EGR1 binding protein 1)| |
| GAL | galanin/GMAP prepropeptide|Galanin is small neuropeptide that functions as a cellular messenger within the central and peripheral nervous systems, modulating diverse physiologic functions (Mechenthaler, 2008 [PubMed 18500643]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2009] |
| RDH14 | retinol dehydrogenase 14 (all-trans/9-cis/11-cis)| |
| KANK4 | KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 4| |
| NRDE2 | NRDE-2, necessary for RNA interference, domain containing| |
| KANK3 | KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 3| |
| RDH12 | retinol dehydrogenase 12 (all-trans/9-cis/11-cis)|The protein encoded by this gene is an NADPH-dependent retinal reductase whose highest activity is toward 9-cis and all-trans-retinol. The encoded enzyme also plays a role in the metabolism of short-chain aldehydes but does not exhibit steroid dehydrogenase activity. Defects in this gene are a cause of Leber congenital amaurosis type 3 (LCA3). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RDH13 | retinol dehydrogenase 13 (all-trans/9-cis)|This gene encodes a mitochondrial short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase, which catalyzes the reduction and oxidation of retinoids. The encoded enzyme may function in retinoic acid production and may also protect the mitochondria against oxidative stress. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| HOXD11 | homeobox D11|This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, located on different chromosomes, consisting of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXD genes located in a cluster on chromosome 2. Deletions that remove the entire HOXD gene cluster or the 5' end of this cluster have been associated with severe limb and genital abnormalities. The product of the mouse Hoxd11 gene plays a role in forelimb morphogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NAB2 | NGFI-A binding protein 2 (EGR1 binding protein 2)|This gene encodes a member of the family of NGFI-A binding (NAB) proteins, which function in the nucleus to repress transcription induced by some members of the EGR (early growth response) family of transactivators. NAB proteins can homo- or hetero-multimerize with other EGR or NAB proteins through a conserved N-terminal domain, and repress transcription through two partially redundant C-terminal domains. Transcriptional repression by the encoded protein is mediated in part by interactions with the nucleosome remodeling and deactylase (NuRD) complex. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DEDD2 | death effector domain containing 2|This gene encodes a nuclear-localized protein containing a death effector domain (DED). The encoded protein may regulate the trafficking of caspases and other proteins into the nucleus during death receptor-induced apoptosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| FAM178B | family with sequence similarity 178, member B| |
| FAM178A | family with sequence similarity 178, member A| |
| DOLK | dolichol kinase|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the CTP-mediated phosphorylation of dolichol, and is involved in the synthesis of Dol-P-Man, which is an essential glycosyl carrier lipid for C- and O-mannosylation, N- and O-linked glycosylation of proteins, and for the biosynthesis of glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchors in endoplasmic reticulum. Mutations in this gene are associated with dolichol kinase deficiency.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| SPA17 | sperm autoantigenic protein 17|This gene encodes a protein present at the cell surface. The N-terminus has sequence similarity to human cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) type II alpha regulatory subunit (RIIa) while the C-terminus has an IQ calmodulin-binding motif. The central portion of the protein has carbohydrate binding motifs and likely functions in cell-cell adhesion. The protein was initially characterized by its involvement in the binding of sperm to the zona pellucida of the oocyte. Recent studies indicate that it is also involved in additional cell-cell adhesion functions such as immune cell migration and metastasis. A retrotransposed pseudogene is present on chromosome 10q22.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| LUM | lumican|This gene encodes a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family that includes decorin, biglycan, fibromodulin, keratocan, epiphycan, and osteoglycin. In these bifunctional molecules, the protein moiety binds collagen fibrils and the highly charged hydrophilic glycosaminoglycans regulate interfibrillar spacings. Lumican is the major keratan sulfate proteoglycan of the cornea but is also distributed in interstitial collagenous matrices throughout the body. Lumican may regulate collagen fibril organization and circumferential growth, corneal transparency, and epithelial cell migration and tissue repair. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MGARP | mitochondria-localized glutamic acid-rich protein| |
| MYH11 | myosin, heavy chain 11, smooth muscle|The protein encoded by this gene is a smooth muscle myosin belonging to the myosin heavy chain family. The gene product is a subunit of a hexameric protein that consists of two heavy chain subunits and two pairs of non-identical light chain subunits. It functions as a major contractile protein, converting chemical energy into mechanical energy through the hydrolysis of ATP. The gene encoding a human ortholog of rat NUDE1 is transcribed from the reverse strand of this gene, and its 3' end overlaps with that of the latter. The pericentric inversion of chromosome 16 [inv(16)(p13q22)] produces a chimeric transcript that encodes a protein consisting of the first 165 residues from the N terminus of core-binding factor beta in a fusion with the C-terminal portion of the smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. This chromosomal rearrangement is associated with acute myeloid leukemia of the M4Eo subtype. Alternative splicing generates isoforms that are differentially expressed, with ratios changing during muscle cell maturation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GAK | cyclin G associated kinase|In all eukaryotes, the cell cycle is governed by cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs), whose activities are regulated by cyclins and CDK inhibitors in a diverse array of mechanisms that involve the control of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of Ser, Thr or Tyr residues. Cyclins are molecules that possess a consensus domain called the 'cyclin box.' In mammalian cells, 9 cyclin species have been identified, and they are referred to as cyclins A through I. Cyclin G is a direct transcriptional target of the p53 tumor suppressor gene product and thus functions downstream of p53. GAK is an association partner of cyclin G and CDK5. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| TRIM46 | tripartite motif containing 46| |
| UBR3 | ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 3 (putative)| |
| WDR5B | WD repeat domain 5B|This intronless gene encodes a protein containing several WD40 repeats. WD repeats are approximately 30- to 40-amino acid domains containing several conserved residues, including a trp-asp at the C-terminal end. The encoded protein may mediate protein-protein interactions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COL6A6 | collagen, type VI, alpha 6| |
| PFKP | phosphofructokinase, platelet|The PFKP gene encodes the platelet isoform of phosphofructokinase (PFK) (ATP:D-fructose-6-phosphate-1-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.11). PFK catalyzes the irreversible conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and is a key regulatory enzyme in glycolysis. The PFKP gene, which maps to chromosome 10p, is also expressed in fibroblasts. See also the muscle (PFKM; MIM 610681) and liver (PFKL; MIM 171860) isoforms of phosphofructokinase, which map to chromosomes 12q13 and 21q22, respectively. Vora (1981) [PubMed 6451249] determined that full tetrameric phophofructokinase enzyme expressed in platelets can be composed of subunits P4, P3L, and P2L2.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| TARSL2 | threonyl-tRNA synthetase-like 2| |
| CDK2AP1 | cyclin-dependent kinase 2 associated protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) -associated protein which is thought to negatively regulate CDK2 activity by sequestering monomeric CDK2, and targeting CDK2 for proteolysis. This protein was found to also interact with DNA polymerase alpha/primase and mediate the phosphorylation of the large p180 subunit, which suggests a regulatory role in DNA replication during the S-phase of the cell cycle. This protein also forms a core subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NURD) complex that epigenetically regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation. This gene thus plays a role in both cell-cycle and epigenetic regulation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| ENOSF1 | enolase superfamily member 1|This gene was originally identified as a naturally occurring antisense transcript to the human thymidylate synthase gene. Alternate splice variants have been described, one of which (named rTSalpha) represents an alternate 3'UTR that is complementary to the 3'UTR and terminal intron of the thymidylate synthase (TS) RNA and down-regulates TS expression. Other transcript variants (rTSbeta and rTSgamma) do not overlap the TS locus. The function of this gene appears to be primarily to regulate expression of the TS locus both via the antisense transcript as well as through the encoded proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| NALCN | sodium leak channel, non selective|NALCN forms a voltage-independent, nonselective, noninactivating cation channel permeable to Na+, K+, and Ca(2+). It is responsible for the neuronal background sodium leak conductance (Lu et al., 2007 [PubMed 17448995]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| NUCB1 | nucleobindin 1|This gene encodes a member of a small calcium-binding EF-hand protein family. The encoded protein is thought to have a key role in Golgi calcium homeostasis and Ca(2+)-regulated signal transduction events. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| KIAA0355 | KIAA0355| |
| CIAPIN1 | cytokine induced apoptosis inhibitor 1|CIAPIN1 is a cytokine-induced inhibitor of apoptosis with no relation to apoptosis regulatory molecules of the BCL2 (MIM 151430) or CASP (see MIM 147678) families. Expression of CIAPIN1 is dependent on growth factor stimulation (Shibayama et al., 2004 [PubMed 14970183]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| HSP90AB1 | heat shock protein 90kDa alpha (cytosolic), class B member 1|This gene encodes a member of the heat shock protein 90 family; these proteins are involved in signal transduction, protein folding and degradation and morphological evolution. This gene encodes the constitutive form of the cytosolic 90 kDa heat-shock protein and is thought to play a role in gastric apoptosis and inflammation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes have been identified on multiple chromosomes. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| PTP4A1 | protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA, member 1|This gene encodes a member of a small class of prenylated protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), which contain a PTP domain and a characteristic C-terminal prenylation motif. The encoded protein is a cell signaling molecule that plays regulatory roles in a variety of cellular processes, including cell proliferation and migration. The protein may also be involved in cancer development and metastasis. This tyrosine phosphatase is a nuclear protein, but may associate with plasma membrane by means of its prenylation motif. Pseudogenes related to this gene are located on chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 7, 11 and X. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| ZSCAN29 | zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 29| |
| PTP4A3 | protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA, member 3|This gene encodes a member of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Protein tyrosine phosphatases are cell signaling molecules that play regulatory roles in a variety of cellular processes. Studies of this class of protein tyrosine phosphatase in mice demonstrates that they are prenylated in vivo, suggesting their association with cell plasma membrane. The encoded protein may enhance cell proliferation, and overexpression of this gene has been implicated in tumor metastasis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| PTP4A2 | protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA, member 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a small class of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are cell signaling molecules that play regulatory roles in a variety of cellular processes. PTPs in this class contain a protein tyrosine phosphatase catalytic domain and a characteristic C-terminal prenylation motif. This PTP has been shown to primarily associate with plasmic and endosomal membrane through its C-terminal prenylation. This PTP was found to interact with the beta-subunit of Rab geranylgeranyltransferase II (beta GGT II), and thus may function as a regulator of GGT II activity. Overexpression of this gene in mammalian cells conferred a transformed phenotype, which suggested its role in tumorigenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. Related pseudogenes exist on chromosomes 11, 12 and 17. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| TNNI2 | troponin I type 2 (skeletal, fast)|This gene encodes a fast-twitch skeletal muscle protein, a member of the troponin I gene family, and a component of the troponin complex including troponin T, troponin C and troponin I subunits. The troponin complex, along with tropomyosin, is responsible for the calcium-dependent regulation of striated muscle contraction. Mouse studies show that this component is also present in vascular smooth muscle and may play a role in regulation of smooth muscle function. In addition to muscle tissues, this protein is found in corneal epithelium, cartilage where it is an inhibitor of angiogenesis to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis, and mammary gland where it functions as a co-activator of estrogen receptor-related receptor alpha. This protein also suppresses tumor growth in human ovarian carcinoma. Mutations in this gene cause myopathy and distal arthrogryposis type 2B. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| ZSCAN26 | zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 26| |
| UBR4 | ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 4|The protein encoded by this gene is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with the retinoblastoma-associated protein in the nucleus and with calcium-bound calmodulin in the cytoplasm. The encoded protein appears to be a cytoskeletal component in the cytoplasm and part of the chromatin scaffold in the nucleus. In addition, this protein is a target of the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| ZSCAN20 | zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 20| |
| ZSCAN21 | zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 21| |
| ZSCAN22 | zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 22| |
| TNNI3 | troponin I type 3 (cardiac)|Troponin I (TnI), along with troponin T (TnT) and troponin C (TnC), is one of 3 subunits that form the troponin complex of the thin filaments of striated muscle. TnI is the inhibitory subunit; blocking actin-myosin interactions and thereby mediating striated muscle relaxation. The TnI subfamily contains three genes: TnI-skeletal-fast-twitch, TnI-skeletal-slow-twitch, and TnI-cardiac. This gene encodes the TnI-cardiac protein and is exclusively expressed in cardiac muscle tissues. Mutations in this gene cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy type 7 (CMH7) and familial restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BMP7 | bone morphogenetic protein 7|The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a family of secreted signaling molecules that can induce ectopic bone growth. Many BMPs are part of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. BMPs were originally identified by an ability of demineralized bone extract to induce endochondral osteogenesis in vivo in an extraskeletal site. Based on its expression early in embryogenesis, the BMP encoded by this gene has a proposed role in early development and possible bone inductive activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TDRD9 | tudor domain containing 9| |
| CD28 | CD28 molecule|The protein encoded by this gene is essential for T-cell proliferation and survival, cytokine production, and T-helper type-2 development. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| TRHDE | thyrotropin-releasing hormone degrading enzyme|This gene encodes a member of the peptidase M1 family. The encoded protein is an extracellular peptidase that specifically cleaves and inactivates the neuropeptide thyrotropin-releasing hormone.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| TDRD3 | tudor domain containing 3| |
| CD22 | CD22 molecule| |
| C9orf24 | chromosome 9 open reading frame 24|This gene encodes a nuclear- or perinuclear-localized protein with no predicted domains or similarity to other known proteins. Expression of this gene is induced during the differentiation of bronchial epithelial cells, and the encoded protein may play a role in ciliogenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| IFI35 | interferon-induced protein 35| |
| TDRD7 | tudor domain containing 7|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Tudor family of proteins. This protein contains conserved Tudor domains and LOTUS domains. It is a component of RNA granules, which function in RNA processing. Mutations in this gene have been associated with cataract formation in mouse and human. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| TDRD6 | tudor domain containing 6| |
| IFI30 | interferon, gamma-inducible protein 30|The protein encoded by this gene is a lysosomal thiol reductase that at low pH can reduce protein disulfide bonds. The enzyme is expressed constitutively in antigen-presenting cells and induced by gamma-interferon in other cell types. This enzyme has an important role in MHC class II-restricted antigen processing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD24 | CD24 molecule|This gene encodes a sialoglycoprotein that is expressed on mature granulocytes and B cells and modulates growth and differentiation signals to these cells. The precursor protein is cleaved to a short 32 amino acid mature peptide which is anchored via a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) link to the cell surface. This gene was missing from previous genome assemblies, but is properly located on chromosome 6. Non-transcribed pseudogenes have been designated on chromosomes 1, 15, 20, and Y. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| PLA2R1 | phospholipase A2 receptor 1, 180kDa|This gene represents a phospholipase A2 receptor. The encoded protein likely exists as both a transmembrane form and a soluble form. The transmembrane receptor may play a role in clearance of phospholipase A2, thereby inhibiting its action. Polymorphisms at this locus have been associated with susceptibility to idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| MYLIP | myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein|The ERM protein family members ezrin, radixin, and moesin are cytoskeletal effector proteins linking actin to membrane-bound proteins at the cell surface. Myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein (MYLIP) is a novel ERM-like protein that interacts with myosin regulatory light chain and inhibits neurite outgrowth. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AP3M2 | adaptor-related protein complex 3, mu 2 subunit|This gene encodes a subunit of the heterotetrameric adaptor-related protein comlex 3 (AP-3), which belongs to the adaptor complexes medium subunits family. The AP-3 complex plays a role in protein trafficking to lysosomes and specialized organelles. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| ABHD2 | abhydrolase domain containing 2|This gene encodes a protein containing an alpha/beta hydrolase fold, which is a catalytic domain found in a very wide range of enzymes. The function of this protein has not been determined. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ABHD3 | abhydrolase domain containing 3|This gene encodes a protein containing an alpha/beta hydrolase fold, which is a catalytic domain found in a very wide range of enzymes. The function of this protein has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ABHD6 | abhydrolase domain containing 6| |
| PA2G4 | proliferation-associated 2G4, 38kDa|This gene encodes an RNA-binding protein that is involved in growth regulation. This protein is present in pre-ribosomal ribonucleoprotein complexes and may be involved in ribosome assembly and the regulation of intermediate and late steps of rRNA processing. This protein can interact with the cytoplasmic domain of the ErbB3 receptor and may contribute to transducing growth regulatory signals. This protein is also a transcriptional co-repressor of androgen receptor-regulated genes and other cell cycle regulatory genes through its interactions with histone deacetylases. This protein has been implicated in growth inhibition and the induction of differentiation of human cancer cells. Six pseudogenes, located on chromosomes 3, 6, 9, 18, 20 and X, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ABHD4 | abhydrolase domain containing 4| |
| ABHD5 | abhydrolase domain containing 5|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a large family of proteins defined by an alpha/beta hydrolase fold, and contains three sequence motifs that correspond to a catalytic triad found in the esterase/lipase/thioesterase subfamily. It differs from other members of this subfamily in that its putative catalytic triad contains an asparagine instead of the serine residue. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome, a triglyceride storage disease with impaired long-chain fatty acid oxidation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TWF1 | twinfilin actin binding protein 1|This gene encodes twinfilin, an actin monomer-binding protein conserved from yeast to mammals. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggest that this protein may be an actin monomer-binding protein, and its localization to cortical G-actin-rich structures may be regulated by the small GTPase RAC1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NKIRAS2 | NFKB inhibitor interacting Ras-like 2| |
| NKIRAS1 | NFKB inhibitor interacting Ras-like 1| |
| WDR54 | WD repeat domain 54| |
| MBTPS2 | membrane-bound transcription factor peptidase, site 2|This gene encodes a intramembrane zinc metalloprotease, which is essential in development. This protease functions in the signal protein activation involved in sterol control of transcription and the ER stress response. Mutations in this gene have been associated with ichthyosis follicularis with atrichia and photophobia (IFAP syndrome); IFAP syndrome has been quantitatively linked to a reduction in cholesterol homeostasis and ER stress response.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| SOCS3 | suppressor of cytokine signaling 3|This gene encodes a member of the STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI), also known as suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS), family. SSI family members are cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine signaling. The expression of this gene is induced by various cytokines, including IL6, IL10, and interferon (IFN)-gamma. The protein encoded by this gene can bind to JAK2 kinase, and inhibit the activity of JAK2 kinase. Studies of the mouse counterpart of this gene suggested the roles of this gene in the negative regulation of fetal liver hematopoiesis, and placental development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MBTPS1 | membrane-bound transcription factor peptidase, site 1|This gene encodes a member of the subtilisin-like proprotein convertase family, which includes proteases that process protein and peptide precursors trafficking through regulated or constitutive branches of the secretory pathway. The encoded protein undergoes an initial autocatalytic processing event in the ER to generate a heterodimer which exits the ER and sorts to the cis/medial-Golgi where a second autocatalytic event takes place and the catalytic activity is acquired. It encodes a type 1 membrane bound protease which is ubiquitously expressed and regulates cholesterol or lipid homeostasis via cleavage of substrates at non-basic residues. Mutations in this gene may be associated with lysosomal dysfunction. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| EIF4G3 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma, 3| |
| EIF4G2 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma, 2|Translation initiation is mediated by specific recognition of the cap structure by eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F (eIF4F), which is a cap binding protein complex that consists of three subunits: eIF4A, eIF4E and eIF4G. The protein encoded by this gene shares similarity with the C-terminal region of eIF4G that contains the binding sites for eIF4A and eIF3; eIF4G, in addition, contains a binding site for eIF4E at the N-terminus. Unlike eIF4G, which supports cap-dependent and independent translation, this gene product functions as a general repressor of translation by forming translationally inactive complexes. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that translation of this mRNA initiates exclusively at a non-AUG (GUG) codon. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms of this gene have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EIF4G1 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma, 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the multi-subunit protein complex EIF4F. This complex facilitates the recruitment of mRNA to the ribosome, which is a rate-limiting step during the initiation phase of protein synthesis. The recognition of the mRNA cap and the ATP-dependent unwinding of 5'-terminal secondary structure is catalyzed by factors in this complex. The subunit encoded by this gene is a large scaffolding protein that contains binding sites for other members of the EIF4F complex. A domain at its N-terminus can also interact with the poly(A)-binding protein, which may mediate the circularization of mRNA during translation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, some of which are derived from alternative promoter usage. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| AGO4 | argonaute RISC catalytic component 4|This gene encodes a member of the Argonaute family of proteins which play a role in RNA interference. The encoded protein is highly basic containing PAZ and PIWI domains, and it may play a role in short-interfering-RNA-mediated gene silencing. This gene is located on chromosome 1 in a cluster of closely related family members including argonaute 3, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2C, 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AKAP14 | A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 14|The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. This gene encodes a member of the AKAP family. The protein anchors PKA in ciliary axonemes and, in this way, may play a role in regulating ciliary beat frequency. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WDR59 | WD repeat domain 59| |
| FAT3 | FAT atypical cadherin 3| |
| FAT2 | FAT atypical cadherin 2|This gene is the second identified human homolog of the Drosophila fat gene, which encodes a tumor suppressor essential for controlling cell proliferation during Drosophila development. The gene product is a member of the cadherin superfamily, a group of integral membrane proteins characterized by the presence of cadherin-type repeats. In addition to containing 34 tandem cadherin-type repeats, the gene product has two epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats and one laminin G domain. This protein most likely functions as a cell adhesion molecule, controlling cell proliferation and playing an important role in cerebellum development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAT1 | FAT atypical cadherin 1|This gene is an ortholog of the Drosophila fat gene, which encodes a tumor suppressor essential for controlling cell proliferation during Drosophila development. The gene product is a member of the cadherin superfamily, a group of integral membrane proteins characterized by the presence of cadherin-type repeats. In addition to containing 34 tandem cadherin-type repeats, the gene product has five epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats and one laminin A-G domain. This gene is expressed at high levels in a number of fetal epithelia. Its product probably functions as an adhesion molecule and/or signaling receptor, and is likely to be important in developmental processes and cell communication. Transcript variants derived from alternative splicing and/or alternative promoter usage exist, but they have not been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GRB2 | growth factor receptor-bound protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene binds the epidermal growth factor receptor and contains one SH2 domain and two SH3 domains. Its two SH3 domains direct complex formation with proline-rich regions of other proteins, and its SH2 domain binds tyrosine phosphorylated sequences. This gene is similar to the Sem5 gene of C.elegans, which is involved in the signal transduction pathway. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ULBP2 | UL16 binding protein 2| |
| ULBP3 | UL16 binding protein 3| |
| GRB7 | growth factor receptor-bound protein 7|The product of this gene belongs to a small family of adapter proteins that are known to interact with a number of receptor tyrosine kinases and signaling molecules. This gene encodes a growth factor receptor-binding protein that interacts with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ephrin receptors. The protein plays a role in the integrin signaling pathway and cell migration by binding with focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Several transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| FAT4 | FAT atypical cadherin 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protocadherin family. This gene may play a role in regulating planar cell polarity (PCP). Studies in mice suggest that loss of PCP signaling may cause cystic kidney disease, and mutations in this gene have been associated with Van Maldergem Syndrome 2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| PSG5 | pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 5|The human pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are a group of molecules that are mainly produced by the placental syncytiotrophoblasts during pregnancy. PSGs comprise a subgroup of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family, which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. For additional general information about the PSG gene family, see PSG1 (MIM 176390).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009] |
| PSG2 | pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 2|The human pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are a family of proteins that are synthesized in large amounts by placental trophoblasts and released into the maternal circulation during pregnancy. Molecular cloning and analysis of several PSG genes has indicated that the PSGs form a subgroup of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family, which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily of genes. Members of the CEA family consist of a single N domain, with structural similarity to the immunoglobulin variable domains, followed by a variable number of immunoglobulin constant-like A and/or B domains. Most PSGs have an arg-gly-asp (RGD) motif, which has been shown to function as an adhesion recognition signal for several integrins, in the N-terminal domain (summary by Teglund et al., 1994 [PubMed 7851896]). For additional general information about the PSG gene family, see PSG1 (MIM 176390).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009] |
| PSG3 | pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 3|The human pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are a family of proteins that are synthesized in large amounts by placental trophoblasts and released into the maternal circulation during pregnancy. Molecular cloning and analysis of several PSG genes has indicated that the PSGs form a subgroup of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family, which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily of genes. Members of the CEA family consist of a single N domain, with structural similarity to the immunoglobulin variable domains, followed by a variable number of immunoglobulin constant-like A and/or B domains. Most PSGs have an arg-gly-asp (RGD) motif, which has been shown to function as an adhesion recognition signal for several integrins, in the N-terminal domain (summary by Teglund et al., 1994 [PubMed 7851896]). For additional general information about the PSG gene family, see PSG1 (MIM 176390).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009] |
| PSG1 | pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 1|The human placenta is a multihormonal endocrine organ that produces hormones, enzymes, and other molecules that support fetal survival and development. Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein (PSBG, PSG) is a major product of the syncytiotrophoblast, reaching concentrations of 100 to 290 mg/l at term in the serum of pregnant women (Horne et al., 1976 [PubMed 971765]). PSG is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily (Watanabe and Chou, 1988 [PubMed 3257488]; Streydio et al., 1988 [PubMed 3260773]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009] |
| HOXC9 | homeobox C9|This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, which are located on different chromosomes and consist of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXC genes located in a cluster on chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCND1 | potassium channel, voltage gated Shal related subfamily D, member 1|This gene encodes a multipass membrane protein that comprises the pore subunit of the voltage-gated A-type potassium channel, which functions in the repolarization of membrane action potentials. Activity of voltage-gated potassium channels is important in a number of physiological processes, among them the regulation of neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, and smooth muscle contraction. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| BCL2L2-PABPN1 | BCL2L2-PABPN1 readthrough|This locus represents naturally occurring read-through transcription between the neighboring BCL2L2 (BCL2-like 2) and PABPN1 (poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1) genes on chromosome 14. The read-through transcript encodes a fusion protein that shares sequence identity with each individual gene product. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| HOXC5 | homeobox C5|This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, which are located on different chromosomes and consist of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene, HOXC5, is one of several homeobox HOXC genes located in a cluster on chromosome 12. Three genes, HOXC5, HOXC4 and HOXC6, share a 5' non-coding exon. Transcripts may include the shared exon spliced to the gene-specific exons, or they may include only the gene-specific exons. Two alternatively spliced variants have been described for HOXC5. The transcript variant which includes the shared exon apparently doesn't encode a protein. The protein-coding transcript variant contains gene-specific exons only. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HOXC4 | homeobox C4|This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, which are located on different chromosomes and consist of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene, HOXC4, is one of several homeobox HOXC genes located in a cluster on chromosome 12. Three genes, HOXC5, HOXC4 and HOXC6, share a 5' non-coding exon. Transcripts may include the shared exon spliced to the gene-specific exons, or they may include only the gene-specific exons. Two alternatively spliced variants that encode the same protein have been described for HOXC4. Transcript variant one includes the shared exon, and transcript variant two includes only gene-specific exons. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HOXC6 | homeobox C6|This gene belongs to the homeobox family, members of which encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, which are located on different chromosomes and consist of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene, HOXC6, is one of several HOXC genes located in a cluster on chromosome 12. Three genes, HOXC5, HOXC4 and HOXC6, share a 5' non-coding exon. Transcripts may include the shared exon spliced to the gene-specific exons, or they may include only the gene-specific exons. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for HOXC6. Transcript variant two includes the shared exon, and transcript variant one includes only gene-specific exons. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD151 | CD151 molecule (Raph blood group)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins and other transmembrane 4 superfamily proteins. It is involved in cellular processes including cell adhesion and may regulate integrin trafficking and/or function. This protein enhances cell motility, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode the same protein have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SSU72 | SSU72 RNA polymerase II CTD phosphatase homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| HCST | hematopoietic cell signal transducer|This gene encodes a transmembrane signaling adaptor that contains a YxxM motif in its cytoplasmic domain. The encoded protein may form part of the immune recognition receptor complex with the C-type lectin-like receptor NKG2D. As part of this receptor complex, this protein may activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase dependent signaling pathways through its intracytoplasmic YxxM motif. This receptor complex may have a role in cell survival and proliferation by activation of NK and T cell responses. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCHCR1 | coiled-coil alpha-helical rod protein 1| |
| FAM200A | family with sequence similarity 200, member A|This gene encodes a protein of unknown function. The protein is weakly similar to transposase-like proteins in human and mouse. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CECR5 | cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 5| |
| TERF2 | telomeric repeat binding factor 2|This gene encodes a telomere specific protein, TERF2, which is a component of the telomere nucleoprotein complex. This protein is present at telomeres in metaphase of the cell cycle, is a second negative regulator of telomere length and plays a key role in the protective activity of telomeres. While having similar telomere binding activity and domain organization, TERF2 differs from TERF1 in that its N terminus is basic rather than acidic. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UROC1 | urocanate hydratase 1|This gene encodes an enzyme involved in histidine catabolism, metabolizing urocanic acid to formiminoglutamic acid. The gene product is known to protect the skin from ultra violet rays and is contained in human sweat. Deficiency of this gene product in the liver is an apparent cause of mental retardation. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| COL2A1 | collagen, type II, alpha 1|This gene encodes the alpha-1 chain of type II collagen, a fibrillar collagen found in cartilage and the vitreous humor of the eye. Mutations in this gene are associated with achondrogenesis, chondrodysplasia, early onset familial osteoarthritis, SED congenita, Langer-Saldino achondrogenesis, Kniest dysplasia, Stickler syndrome type I, and spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia Strudwick type. In addition, defects in processing chondrocalcin, a calcium binding protein that is the C-propeptide of this collagen molecule, are also associated with chondrodysplasia. There are two transcripts identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LSM4 | LSM4 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a member of the LSm family of RNA-binding proteins. LSm proteins form stable heteromers that bind specifically to the 3'-terminal oligo(U) tract of U6 snRNA and may play a role in pre-mRNA splicing by mediating U4/U6 snRNP formation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| COL27A1 | collagen, type XXVII, alpha 1|This gene encodes a member of the fibrillar collagen family, and plays a role during the calcification of cartilage and the transition of cartilage to bone. The encoded protein product is a preproprotein. It includes an N-terminal signal peptide, which is followed by an N-terminal propetide, mature peptide and a C-terminal propeptide. The N-terminal propeptide contains thrombospondin N-terminal-like and laminin G-like domains. The mature peptide is a major triple-helical region. The C-terminal propeptide, also known as COLFI domain, plays crucial roles in tissue growth and repair. Mutations in this gene cause Steel syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| RBMX2 | RNA binding motif protein, X-linked 2| |
| TMEM245 | transmembrane protein 245| |
| NPHP1 | nephronophthisis 1 (juvenile)|This gene encodes a protein with src homology domain 3 (SH3) patterns. This protein interacts with Crk-associated substrate, and it appears to function in the control of cell division, as well as in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion signaling, likely as part of a multifunctional complex localized in actin- and microtubule-based structures. Mutations in this gene cause familial juvenile nephronophthisis type 1, a kidney disorder involving both tubules and glomeruli. Defects in this gene are also associated with Senior-Loken syndrome type 1, also referred to as juvenile nephronophthisis with Leber amaurosis, which is characterized by kidney and eye disease, and with Joubert syndrome type 4, which is characterized by cerebellar ataxia, oculomotor apraxia, psychomotor delay and neonatal breathing abnormalities, sometimes including retinal dystrophy and renal disease. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM246 | transmembrane protein 246| |
| DSG2 | desmoglein 2|Desmosomes are cell-cell junctions between epithelial, myocardial, and certain other cell types. This gene product is a calcium-binding transmembrane glycoprotein component of desmosomes in vertebrate epithelial cells. Currently, three desmoglein subfamily members have been identified and all are members of the cadherin cell adhesion molecule superfamily. These desmoglein gene family members are located in a cluster on chromosome 18. This second family member is expressed in colon, colon carcinoma, and other simple and stratified epithelial-derived cell lines. Mutations in this gene have been associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, familial, 10. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LSM7 | LSM7 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae)|Sm-like proteins were identified in a variety of organisms based on sequence homology with the Sm protein family (see SNRPD2; MIM 601061). Sm-like proteins contain the Sm sequence motif, which consists of 2 regions separated by a linker of variable length that folds as a loop. The Sm-like proteins are thought to form a stable heteromer present in tri-snRNP particles, which are important for pre-mRNA splicing.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| MFSD5 | major facilitator superfamily domain containing 5| |
| LSM1 | LSM1, U6 small nuclear RNA associated|This gene encodes a member of the LSm family of RNA-binding proteins. LSm proteins form stable heteromers that bind specifically to the 3'-terminal oligo(U) tract of U6 snRNA and may play a role in pre-mRNA splicing by mediating U4/U6 snRNP formation. Increased expression of this gene may play a role in cellular transformation and the progression of several malignancies including lung cancer, mesothelioma and breast cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 9. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| POLR2E | polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide E, 25kDa|This gene encodes the fifth largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. This subunit is shared by the other two DNA-directed RNA polymerases and is present in two-fold molar excess over the other polymerase subunits. An interaction between this subunit and a hepatitis virus transactivating protein has been demonstrated, suggesting that interaction between transcriptional activators and the polymerase can occur through this subunit. A pseudogene is located on chromosome 11. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| POLR2D | polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide D|This gene encodes the fourth largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. In yeast, this polymerase subunit is associated with the polymerase under suboptimal growth conditions and may have a stress protective role. A sequence for a ribosomal pseudogene is contained within the 3' untranslated region of the transcript from this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| POLR2G | polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide G|This gene encodes the seventh largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. The protein functions in transcription initiation, and is also thought to help stabilize transcribing polyermase molecules during elongation. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| GATSL2 | GATS protein-like 2| |
| POLR2A | polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide A, 220kDa|This gene encodes the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. The product of this gene contains a carboxy terminal domain composed of heptapeptide repeats that are essential for polymerase activity. These repeats contain serine and threonine residues that are phosphorylated in actively transcribing RNA polymerase. In addition, this subunit, in combination with several other polymerase subunits, forms the DNA binding domain of the polymerase, a groove in which the DNA template is transcribed into RNA. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LSM2 | LSM2 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a member of the LSm family of RNA-binding proteins. LSm proteins form stable heteromers that bind specifically to the 3'-terminal oligo(U) tract of U6 snRNA and may play a role in pre-mRNA splicing by mediating U4/U6 snRNP formation. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on the short arm of chromosomes 6 and 19. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| POLR2C | polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide C, 33kDa|This gene encodes the third largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. The product of this gene contains a cysteine rich region and exists as a heterodimer with another polymerase subunit, POLR2J. These two subunits form a core subassembly unit of the polymerase. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| POLR2B | polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide B, 140kDa|This gene encodes the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (Pol II), a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase that catalyzes the transcription of DNA into precursors of mRNA, snRNA and microRNA. This subunit and the largest subunit form opposite sides of the center cleft of Pol II. Deletion of the flap loop region of this subunit results in a decrease in the rate of transcriptional elongation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| POLR2M | polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide M|This gene encodes a subunit of a specific form of RNA polymerase II termed Pol II(G). The encoded protein may act as a negative regulator of transcriptional activation by the Mediator complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 4. Readthrough transcription between this gene and the neighboring upstream gene MYZAP (myocardial zonula adherens protein) is represented with GeneID 145781. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2013] |
| POLR2L | polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide L, 7.6kDa|This gene encodes a subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. The product of this gene contains four conserved cysteines characteristic of an atypical zinc-binding domain. Like its counterpart in yeast, this subunit may be shared by the other two DNA-directed RNA polymerases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AKR7A2 | aldo-keto reductase family 7, member A2 (aflatoxin aldehyde reductase)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the aldo/keto reductase (AKR) superfamily and AKR7 family, which are involved in the detoxification of aldehydes and ketones. The AKR7 family consists of 3 genes that are present in a cluster on the p arm of chromosome 1. This protein, thought to be localized in the golgi, catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of succinic semialdehyde to the endogenous neuromodulator, gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It may also function as a detoxication enzyme in the reduction of aflatoxin B1 and 2-carboxybenzaldehyde. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| ABHD14B | abhydrolase domain containing 14B| |
| POLR2I | polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide I, 14.5kDa|This gene encodes a subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. This subunit, in combination with two other polymerase subunits, forms the DNA binding domain of the polymerase, a groove in which the DNA template is transcribed into RNA. The product of this gene has two zinc finger motifs with conserved cysteines and the subunit does possess zinc binding activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| POLR2H | polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide H|The three eukaryotic RNA polymerases are complex multisubunit enzymes that play a central role in the transcription of nuclear genes. This gene encodes an essential and highly conserved subunit of RNA polymerase II that is shared by the other two eukaryotic DNA-directed RNA polymerases, I and III. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| F11R | F11 receptor|Tight junctions represent one mode of cell-to-cell adhesion in epithelial or endothelial cell sheets, forming continuous seals around cells and serving as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space. The protein encoded by this immunoglobulin superfamily gene member is an important regulator of tight junction assembly in epithelia. In addition, the encoded protein can act as (1) a receptor for reovirus, (2) a ligand for the integrin LFA1, involved in leukocyte transmigration, and (3) a platelet receptor. Multiple 5' alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified but their biological validity has not been established. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| POLR2J | polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide J, 13.3kDa|This gene encodes a subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. The product of this gene exists as a heterodimer with another polymerase subunit; together they form a core subassembly unit of the polymerase. Two similar genes are located nearby on chromosome 7q22.1 and a pseudogene is found on chromosome 7p13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TLK1 | tousled-like kinase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a serine/threonine kinase that may be involved in the regulation of chromatin assembly. The encoded protein is only active when it is phosphorylated, and this phosphorylation is cell cycle-dependent, with the maximal activity of this protein coming during S phase. The catalytic activity of this protein is diminished by DNA damage and by blockage of DNA replication. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| TLK2 | tousled-like kinase 2|This gene encodes a nuclear serine/threonine kinase that was first identified in Arabidopsis. The encoded protein is thought to function in the regulation of chromatin assembly in the S phase of the cell cycle by regulating the levels of a histone H3/H4 chaperone. This protein is associated with double-strand break repair of DNA damage caused by radiation. Pseudogenes of this gene are present on chromosomes 10 and 17. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| FAM47B | family with sequence similarity 47, member B| |
| USP54 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 54| |
| USP53 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 53| |
| FAM47E | family with sequence similarity 47, member E| |
| USP51 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 51| |
| GTF3A | general transcription factor IIIA|The product of this gene is a zinc finger protein with nine Cis[2]-His[2] zinc finger domains. It functions as an RNA polymerase III transcription factor to induce transcription of the 5S rRNA genes. The protein binds to a 50 bp internal promoter in the 5S genes called the internal control region (ICR), and nucleates formation of a stable preinitiation complex. This complex recruits the TFIIIC and TFIIIB transcription factors and RNA polymerase III to form the complete transcription complex. The protein is thought to be translated using a non-AUG translation initiation site in mammals based on sequence analysis, protein homology, and the size of the purified protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CYBA | cytochrome b-245, alpha polypeptide|Cytochrome b is comprised of a light chain (alpha) and a heavy chain (beta). This gene encodes the light, alpha subunit which has been proposed as a primary component of the microbicidal oxidase system of phagocytes. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), that is characterized by the failure of activated phagocytes to generate superoxide, which is important for the microbicidal activity of these cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCL3L1 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3-like 1|This gene is one of several cytokine genes that are clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins that function in inflammatory and immunoregulatory processes. The protein encoded by this gene binds to several chemokine receptors, including chemokine binding protein 2 and chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5). CCR5 is a co-receptor for HIV, and binding of this protein to CCR5 inhibits HIV entry. The copy number of this gene varies among individuals, where most individuals have one to six copies, and a minority of individuals have zero or more than six copies. There are conflicting reports about copy number variation of this gene and its correlation to disease susceptibility. This record represents one of two copies that are present on the ALT_REF_LOCI_2 alternate haplotype of the GRCh38 human reference genome assembly. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| BATF2 | basic leucine zipper transcription factor, ATF-like 2| |
| OSER1 | oxidative stress responsive serine-rich 1| |
| ASCC1 | activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 1|This gene encodes a subunit of the activating signal cointegrator 1 (ASC-1) complex. The ASC-1 complex is a transcriptional coactivator that plays an important role in gene transactivation by multiple transcription factors including activating protein 1 (AP-1), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) and serum response factor (SRF). The encoded protein contains an N-terminal KH-type RNA-binding motif which is required for AP-1 transactivation by the ASC-1 complex. Mutations in this gene are associated with Barrett esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Alternatively spliced transcripts encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| VPS72 | vacuolar protein sorting 72 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|The protein encoded by this gene is a shared subunit of two multi-component complexes, the histone acetyltransferase complex TRRAP/TIP60 as well as the chromatin remodeling SRCAP-containing complex. The TRRAP/TIP60 complex acetylates nucleosomal histones important for transcriptional regulation, double strand DNA break repair and apoptosis. The SRCAP-containing complex catalyzes the exchange of histone H2A with the histone variant Htz1 (H2AFZ) into nucleosomes. This protein may be responsible for binding H2AFZ, which has a role in chromosome segregation. This protein may also have a role in regulating long-term hematopoietic stem cell activity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| AGO1 | argonaute RISC catalytic component 1|This gene encodes a member of the Argonaute family of proteins which play a role in RNA interference. The encoded protein is highly basic, and contains a PAZ domain and a PIWI domain. It may interact with dicer1 and play a role in short-interfering-RNA-mediated gene silencing. This gene is located on chromosome 1 in a cluster of closely related family members including argonaute 3, and argonaute 4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCDC151 | coiled-coil domain containing 151|This gene encodes a protein containing coiled-coil domains. The encoded protein functions in outer dynein arm assembly and is required for motile cilia function. Mutations in this gene result in primary ciliary dyskinesia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| AGO3 | argonaute RISC catalytic component 3|This gene encodes a member of the Argonaute family of proteins which play a role in RNA interference. The encoded protein is highly basic, contains a PAZ domain and a PIWI domain, and may play a role in short-interfering-RNA-mediated gene silencing. This gene is located on chromosome 1 in a tandem cluster of closely related family members including argonaute 4 and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2C, 1. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AGO2 | argonaute RISC catalytic component 2|This gene encodes a member of the Argonaute family of proteins which play a role in RNA interference. The encoded protein is highly basic, and contains a PAZ domain and a PIWI domain. It may interact with dicer1 and play a role in short-interfering-RNA-mediated gene silencing. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| GAMT | guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase|The protein encoded by this gene is a methyltransferase that converts guanidoacetate to creatine, using S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor. Defects in this gene have been implicated in neurologic syndromes and muscular hypotonia, probably due to creatine deficiency and accumulation of guanidinoacetate in the brain of affected individuals. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 2 and 13. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| VBP1 | von Hippel-Lindau binding protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene interacts with the Von Hippel-Lindau protein to form an intracellular complex. The encoded protein functions as a chaperone protein, and may play a role in the transport of the Von Hippel-Lindau protein from the perinuclear granules to the nucleus or cytoplasm. Alternative splicing and the use of alternate transcription start sites results in multiple transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| CCDC109B | coiled-coil domain containing 109B| |
| FAM120B | family with sequence similarity 120B| |
| FAM120C | family with sequence similarity 120C|This gene encodes a potential transmembrane protein and lies in a region where mutations and deletions have been associated with intellectual disability and autism. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| FAM120A | family with sequence similarity 120A| |
| MAPK14 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 14|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase is activated by various environmental stresses and proinflammatory cytokines. The activation requires its phosphorylation by MAP kinase kinases (MKKs), or its autophosphorylation triggered by the interaction of MAP3K7IP1/TAB1 protein with this kinase. The substrates of this kinase include transcription regulator ATF2, MEF2C, and MAX, cell cycle regulator CDC25B, and tumor suppressor p53, which suggest the roles of this kinase in stress related transcription and cell cycle regulation, as well as in genotoxic stress response. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAPK15 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 15| |
| PEA15 | phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes 15|This gene encodes a death effector domain-containing protein that functions as a negative regulator of apoptosis. The encoded protein is an endogenous substrate for protein kinase C. This protein is also overexpressed in type 2 diabetes mellitus, where it may contribute to insulin resistance in glucose uptake. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| MAPK10 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 10|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This protein is a neuronal-specific form of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs). Through its phosphorylation and nuclear localization, this kinase plays regulatory roles in the signaling pathways during neuronal apoptosis. Beta-arrestin 2, a receptor-regulated MAP kinase scaffold protein, is found to interact with, and stimulate the phosphorylation of this kinase by MAP kinase kinase 4 (MKK4). Cyclin-dependent kianse 5 can phosphorylate, and inhibit the activity of this kinase, which may be important in preventing neuronal apoptosis. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAPK11 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 11|This gene encodes a member of a family of protein kinases that are involved in the integration of biochemical signals for a wide variety of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, transcriptional regulation, and development. The encoded protein can be activated by proinflammatory cytokines and environmental stresses through phosphorylation by mitogen activated protein kinase kinases (MKKs). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| MAPK12 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 12|Activation of members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family is a major mechanism for transduction of extracellular signals. Stress-activated protein kinases are one subclass of MAP kinases. The protein encoded by this gene functions as a signal transducer during differentiation of myoblasts to myotubes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAPK13 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 13|This gene encodes a member of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. The encoded protein is a p38 MAP kinase and is activated by proinflammatory cytokines and cellular stress. Substrates of the encoded protein include the transcription factor ATF2 and the microtubule dynamics regulator stathmin. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| HPGD | hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15-(NAD)|This gene encodes a member of the short-chain nonmetalloenzyme alcohol dehydrogenase protein family. The encoded enzyme is responsible for the metabolism of prostaglandins, which function in a variety of physiologic and cellular processes such as inflammation. Mutations in this gene result in primary autosomal recessive hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and cranioosteoarthropathy. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| FZD1 | frizzled class receptor 1|Members of the 'frizzled' gene family encode 7-transmembrane domain proteins that are receptors for Wnt signaling proteins. The FZD1 protein contains a signal peptide, a cysteine-rich domain in the N-terminal extracellular region, 7 transmembrane domains, and a C-terminal PDZ domain-binding motif. The FZD1 transcript is expressed in various tissues. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FZD2 | frizzled class receptor 2|This intronless gene is a member of the frizzled gene family. Members of this family encode seven-transmembrane domain proteins that are receptors for the wingless type MMTV integration site family of signaling proteins. This gene encodes a protein that is coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway. Competition between the wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 3A and wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5A gene products for binding of this protein is thought to regulate the beta-catenin-dependent and -independent pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| FZD3 | frizzled class receptor 3|This gene is a member of the frizzled gene family. Members of this family encode seven-transmembrane domain proteins that are receptors for the wingless type MMTV integration site family of signaling proteins. Most frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway. The function of this protein is unknown, although it may play a role in mammalian hair follicle development. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. This gene is a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| FZD4 | frizzled class receptor 4|This gene is a member of the frizzled gene family. Members of this family encode seven-transmembrane domain proteins that are receptors for the Wingless type MMTV integration site family of signaling proteins. Most frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway. This protein may play a role as a positive regulator of the Wingless type MMTV integration site signaling pathway. A transcript variant retaining intronic sequence and encoding a shorter isoform has been described, however, its expression is not supported by other experimental evidence. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRBC1 | T cell receptor beta constant 1| |
| FZD6 | frizzled class receptor 6|This gene represents a member of the 'frizzled' gene family, which encode 7-transmembrane domain proteins that are receptors for Wnt signaling proteins. The protein encoded by this family member contains a signal peptide, a cysteine-rich domain in the N-terminal extracellular region, and seven transmembrane domains, but unlike other family members, this protein does not contain a C-terminal PDZ domain-binding motif. This protein functions as a negative regulator of the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling cascade, thereby inhibiting the processes that trigger oncogenic transformation, cell proliferation, and inhibition of apoptosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, some of which do not encode a protein with a predicted signal peptide.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| FZD7 | frizzled class receptor 7|Members of the 'frizzled' gene family encode 7-transmembrane domain proteins that are receptors for Wnt signaling proteins. The FZD7 protein contains an N-terminal signal sequence, 10 cysteine residues typical of the cysteine-rich extracellular domain of Fz family members, 7 putative transmembrane domains, and an intracellular C-terminal tail with a PDZ domain-binding motif. FZD7 gene expression may downregulate APC function and enhance beta-catenin-mediated signals in poorly differentiated human esophageal carcinomas. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FZD8 | frizzled class receptor 8|This intronless gene is a member of the frizzled gene family. Members of this family encode seven-transmembrane domain proteins that are receptors for the Wingless type MMTV integration site family of signaling proteins. Most frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway. This gene is highly expressed in two human cancer cell lines, indicating that it may play a role in several types of cancer. The crystal structure of the extracellular cysteine-rich domain of a similar mouse protein has been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HUS1 | HUS1 checkpoint homolog (S. pombe)|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of an evolutionarily conserved, genotoxin-activated checkpoint complex that is involved in the cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage. This protein forms a heterotrimeric complex with checkpoint proteins RAD9 and RAD1. In response to DNA damage, the trimeric complex interacts with another protein complex consisting of checkpoint protein RAD17 and four small subunits of the replication factor C (RFC), which loads the combined complex onto the chromatin. The DNA damage induced chromatin binding has been shown to depend on the activation of the checkpoint kinase ATM, and is thought to be an early checkpoint signaling event. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| CACNB1 | calcium channel, voltage-dependent, beta 1 subunit|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the calcium channel beta subunit family. It plays an important role in the calcium channel by modulating G protein inhibition, increasing peak calcium current, controlling the alpha-1 subunit membrane targeting and shifting the voltage dependence of activation and inactivation. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and three transcript variants encoding three distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CYP2B6 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6|This gene, CYP2B6, encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and its expression is induced by phenobarbital. The enzyme is known to metabolize some xenobiotics, such as the anti-cancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide. Transcript variants for this gene have been described; however, it has not been resolved whether these transcripts are in fact produced by this gene or by a closely related pseudogene, CYP2B7. Both the gene and the pseudogene are located in the middle of a CYP2A pseudogene found in a large cluster of cytochrome P450 genes from the CYP2A, CYP2B and CYP2F subfamilies on chromosome 19q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CIDEC | cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector c|This gene encodes a member of the cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-like effector family. Members of this family play important roles in apoptosis. The encoded protein promotes lipid droplet formation in adipocytes and may mediate adipocyte apoptosis. This gene is regulated by insulin and its expression is positively correlated with insulin sensitivity. Mutations in this gene may contribute to insulin resistant diabetes. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 3. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| C10orf76 | chromosome 10 open reading frame 76| |
| PCM1 | pericentriolar material 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of centriolar satellites, which are electron dense granules scattered around centrosomes. Inhibition studies show that this protein is essential for the correct localization of several centrosomal proteins, and for anchoring microtubules to the centrosome. Chromosomal aberrations involving this gene are associated with papillary thyroid carcinomas and a variety of hematological malignancies, including atypical chronic myeloid leukemia and T-cell lymphoma. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| DHCR24 | 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase|This gene encodes a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent oxidoreductase which catalyzes the reduction of the delta-24 double bond of sterol intermediates during cholesterol biosynthesis. The protein contains a leader sequence that directs it to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Missense mutations in this gene have been associated with desmosterolosis. Also, reduced expression of the gene occurs in the temporal cortex of Alzheimer disease patients and overexpression has been observed in adrenal gland cancer cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NCR3 | natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR) that may aid NK cells in the lysis of tumor cells. The encoded protein interacts with CD3-zeta (CD247), a T-cell receptor. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the 5' untranslated region of this gene has been associated with mild malaria suceptibility. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| RASSF3 | Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 3|The RAS oncogene (MIM 190020) is mutated in nearly one-third of all human cancers. Members of the RAS superfamily are plasma membrane GTP-binding proteins that modulate intracellular signal transduction pathways. A subfamily of RAS effectors, including RASSF3, share a RAS association (RA) domain.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2003] |
| UTS2B | urotensin 2B| |
| ASH1L | ash1 (absent, small, or homeotic)-like (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a member of the trithorax group of transcriptional activators. The protein contains four AT hooks, a SET domain, a PHD-finger motif, and a bromodomain. It is localized to many small speckles in the nucleus, and also to cell-cell tight junctions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HIST1H1T | histone cluster 1, H1t|Histones are basic nuclear proteins responsible for nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H1 family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the large histone gene cluster on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CT45A5 | cancer/testis antigen family 45, member A5|This gene represents one of a cluster of several similar genes located on the q arm of chromosome X. The genes in this cluster encode members of the cancer/testis (CT) family of antigens, and are distinct from other CT antigens. These antigens are thought to be novel therapeutic targets for human cancers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| RPS5 | ribosomal protein S5|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S7P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. Variable expression of this gene in colorectal cancers compared to adjacent normal tissues has been observed, although no correlation between the level of expression and the severity of the disease has been found. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CLEC4M | C-type lectin domain family 4, member M|This gene encodes a transmembrane receptor and is often referred to as L-SIGN because of its expression in the endothelial cells of the lymph nodes and liver. The encoded protein is involved in the innate immune system and recognizes numerous evolutionarily divergent pathogens ranging from parasites to viruses, with a large impact on public health. The protein is organized into three distinct domains: an N-terminal transmembrane domain, a tandem-repeat neck domain and C-type lectin carbohydrate recognition domain. The extracellular region consisting of the C-type lectin and neck domains has a dual function as a pathogen recognition receptor and a cell adhesion receptor by binding carbohydrate ligands on the surface of microbes and endogenous cells. The neck region is important for homo-oligomerization which allows the receptor to bind multivalent ligands with high avidity. Variations in the number of 23 amino acid repeats in the neck domain of this protein are common and have a significant impact on ligand binding ability. This gene is closely related in terms of both sequence and function to a neighboring gene (GeneID 30835; often referred to as DC-SIGN or CD209). DC-SIGN and L-SIGN differ in their ligand-binding properties and distribution. Alternative splicing results in multiple variants.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| ATP12A | ATPase, H+/K+ transporting, nongastric, alpha polypeptide|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases. This gene encodes a catalytic subunit of the ouabain-sensitive H+/K+ -ATPase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of H(+) and K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. It is also responsible for potassium absorption in various tissues. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| CTRB2 | chymotrypsinogen B2| |
| AMFR | autocrine motility factor receptor, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This locus encodes a glycosylated transmembrane receptor. Its ligand, autocrine motility factor, is a tumor motility-stimulating protein secreted by tumor cells. The encoded receptor is also a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligase family of proteins. It catalyzes ubiquitination and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of specific proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| CTRB1 | chymotrypsinogen B1|The protein encoded by this gene is one of a family of serine proteases that is secreted into the gastrointestinal tract as an inactive precursor, which is activated by proteolytic cleavage with trypsin. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| USO1 | USO1 vesicle transport factor|The protein encoded by this gene is a peripheral membrane protein which recycles between the cytosol and the Golgi apparatus during interphase. It is regulated by phosphorylation: dephosphorylated protein associates with the Golgi membrane and dissociates from the membrane upon phosphorylation. Ras-associated protein 1 recruits this protein to coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles during budding from the endoplasmic reticulum, where it interacts with a set of COPII vesicle-associated SNAREs to form a cis-SNARE complex that promotes targeting to the Golgi apparatus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| PLCD3 | phospholipase C, delta 3|This gene encodes a member of the phospholipase C family, which catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to generate the second messengers diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Diacylglycerol and IP3 mediate a variety of cellular responses to extracellular stimuli by inducing protein kinase C and increasing cytosolic Ca(2+) concentrations. This enzyme localizes to the plasma membrane and requires calcium for activation. Its activity is inhibited by spermine, sphingosine, and several phospholipids. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLCD1 | phospholipase C, delta 1|This gene encodes a member of the phospholipase C family. Phospholipase C isozymes play critical roles in intracellular signal transduction by catalyzing the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into the second messengers diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol triphosphate (IP3). The encoded protein functions as a tumor suppressor in several types of cancer, and mutations in this gene are a cause of hereditary leukonychia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| HIST1H1D | histone cluster 1, H1d|Histones are basic nuclear proteins responsible for nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H1 family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the large histone gene cluster on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF518B | zinc finger protein 518B| |
| ZNF518A | zinc finger protein 518A|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the krueppel C2H2-type zinc finger protein family. The encoded protein contains five zinc fingers and is likely a nuclear transcriptional regulator. Several transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| TGFBRAP1 | transforming growth factor, beta receptor associated protein 1| |
| HIST1H1B | histone cluster 1, H1b|Histones are basic nuclear proteins responsible for nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H1 family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the small histone gene cluster on chromosome 6p22-p21.3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HIST1H1C | histone cluster 1, H1c|Histones are basic nuclear proteins responsible for nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H1 family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the large histone gene cluster on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC25A38 | solute carrier family 25, member 38|This gene is a member of the mitochondrial carrier family. The encoded protein is required during erythropoiesis and is important for the biosynthesis of heme. Mutations in this gene are the cause of autosomal congenital sideroblastic anemia.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| PDZRN4 | PDZ domain containing ring finger 4| |
| ANKZF1 | ankyrin repeat and zinc finger domain containing 1| |
| ITFG3 | integrin alpha FG-GAP repeat containing 3| |
| ITFG2 | integrin alpha FG-GAP repeat containing 2| |
| ITFG1 | integrin alpha FG-GAP repeat containing 1| |
| TACC1 | transforming, acidic coiled-coil containing protein 1|This locus may represent a breast cancer candidate gene. It is located close to FGFR1 on a region of chromosome 8 that is amplified in some breast cancers. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| TACC2 | transforming, acidic coiled-coil containing protein 2|Transforming acidic coiled-coil proteins are a conserved family of centrosome- and microtubule-interacting proteins that are implicated in cancer. This gene encodes a protein that concentrates at centrosomes throughout the cell cycle. This gene lies within a chromosomal region associated with tumorigenesis. Expression of this gene is induced by erythropoietin and is thought to affect the progression of breast tumors. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TACC3 | transforming, acidic coiled-coil containing protein 3|This gene encodes a member of the transforming acidic colied-coil protein family. The encoded protein is a motor spindle protein that may play a role in stabilization of the mitotic spindle. This protein may also play a role in growth a differentiation of certain cancer cells. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| JDP2 | Jun dimerization protein 2| |
| PICK1 | protein interacting with PRKCA 1|The protein encoded by this gene contains a PDZ domain, through which it interacts with protein kinase C, alpha (PRKCA). This protein may function as an adaptor that binds to and organizes the subcellular localization of a variety of membrane proteins. It has been shown to interact with multiple glutamate receptor subtypes, monoamine plasma membrane transporters, as well as non-voltage gated sodium channels, and may target PRKCA to these membrane proteins and thus regulate their distribution and function. This protein has also been found to act as an anchoring protein that specifically targets PRKCA to mitochondria in a ligand-specific manner. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM234 | transmembrane protein 234| |
| TMEM237 | transmembrane protein 237|The protein encoded by this gene is a tetraspanin protein that is thought to be involved in WNT signaling. Defects in this gene are a cause of Joubert syndrome-14. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| MRTO4 | mRNA turnover 4 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a protein sharing a low level of sequence similarity with ribosomal protein P0. While the precise function of the encoded protein is currently unknown, it appears to be involved in mRNA turnover and ribosome assembly. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM231 | transmembrane protein 231|This gene encodes a transmembrane protein, which is a component of the B9 complex involved in the formation of the diffusion barrier between the cilia and plasma membrane. Mutations in this gene cause Joubert syndrome (JBTS). Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| TMEM230 | transmembrane protein 230| |
| TMEM233 | transmembrane protein 233| |
| KIF20A | kinesin family member 20A| |
| MKI67 | marker of proliferation Ki-67|This gene encodes a nuclear protein that is associated with and may be necessary for cellular proliferation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. A related pseudogene exists on chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| GNMT | glycine N-methyltransferase|The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (along with glycine) to S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and sarcosine. The encoded protein is found in the cytoplasm and acts as a homotetramer. Defects in this gene are a cause of GNMT deficiency (hypermethioninemia). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| RPS3 | ribosomal protein S3|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit, where it forms part of the domain where translation is initiated. The protein belongs to the S3P family of ribosomal proteins. Studies of the mouse and rat proteins have demonstrated that the protein has an extraribosomal role as an endonuclease involved in the repair of UV-induced DNA damage. The protein appears to be located in both the cytoplasm and nucleus but not in the nucleolus. Higher levels of expression of this gene in colon adenocarcinomas and adenomatous polyps compared to adjacent normal colonic mucosa have been observed. This gene is co-transcribed with the small nucleolar RNA genes U15A and U15B, which are located in its first and fifth introns, respectively. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| MCC | mutated in colorectal cancers|This gene is a candidate colorectal tumor suppressor gene that is thought to negatively regulate cell cycle progression. The orthologous gene in the mouse expresses a phosphoprotein associated with the plasma membrane and membrane organelles, and overexpression of the mouse protein inhibits entry into S phase. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CAB39 | calcium binding protein 39| |
| CKMT1A | creatine kinase, mitochondrial 1A|Mitochondrial creatine (MtCK) kinase is responsible for the transfer of high energy phosphate from mitochondria to the cytosolic carrier, creatine. It belongs to the creatine kinase isoenzyme family. It exists as two isoenzymes, sarcomeric MtCK and ubiquitous MtCK, encoded by separate genes. Mitochondrial creatine kinase occurs in two different oligomeric forms: dimers and octamers, in contrast to the exclusively dimeric cytosolic creatine kinase isoenzymes. Many malignant cancers with poor prognosis have shown overexpression of ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase; this may be related to high energy turnover and failure to eliminate cancer cells via apoptosis. Ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase has 80% homology with the coding exons of sarcomeric mitochondrial creatine kinase. Two genes located near each other on chromosome 15 have been identified which encode identical mitochondrial creatine kinase proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NOTCH1 | notch 1|This gene encodes a member of the Notch family. Members of this Type 1 transmembrane protein family share structural characteristics including an extracellular domain consisting of multiple epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats, and an intracellular domain consisting of multiple, different domain types. Notch family members play a role in a variety of developmental processes by controlling cell fate decisions. The Notch signaling network is an evolutionarily conserved intercellular signaling pathway which regulates interactions between physically adjacent cells. In Drosophilia, notch interaction with its cell-bound ligands (delta, serrate) establishes an intercellular signaling pathway that plays a key role in development. Homologues of the notch-ligands have also been identified in human, but precise interactions between these ligands and the human notch homologues remain to be determined. This protein is cleaved in the trans-Golgi network, and presented on the cell surface as a heterodimer. This protein functions as a receptor for membrane bound ligands, and may play multiple roles during development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPL3L | ribosomal protein L3-like|This gene encodes a protein that shares sequence similarity with ribosomal protein L3. The protein belongs to the L3P family of ribosomal proteins. Unlike the ubiquitous expression of ribosomal protein genes, this gene has a tissue-specific pattern of expression, with the highest levels of expression in skeletal muscle and heart. It is not currently known whether the encoded protein is a functional ribosomal protein or whether it has evolved a function that is independent of the ribosome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANKHD1 | ankyrin repeat and KH domain containing 1|This gene encodes a protein with multiple ankyrin repeat domains and a single KH-domain. The protein is thought to function as a scaffolding protein, and it may be involved in the regulation of caspases and thereby play an antiapoptotic role in cell survival. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, one of which generates a fusion transcript (MASK-BP3) with the downstream eIF4E-binding protein 3 (EIF4EBP3) gene, resulting in a protein comprised of the ANKHD1 sequence for the majority of the protein and a different C-terminus due to an alternate reading frame for the EIF4EBP3 segments. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| GNAT1 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha transducing activity polypeptide 1|Transducin is a 3-subunit guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) which stimulates the coupling of rhodopsin and cGMP-phoshodiesterase during visual impulses. The transducin alpha subunits in rods and cones are encoded by separate genes. This gene encodes the alpha subunit in rods. This gene is also expressed in other cells, and has been implicated in bitter taste transduction in rat taste cells. Mutations in this gene result in autosomal dominant congenital stationary night blindness. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| GNAT3 | guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha transducing 3| |
| NOTCH3 | notch 3|This gene encodes the third discovered human homologue of the Drosophilia melanogaster type I membrane protein notch. In Drosophilia, notch interaction with its cell-bound ligands (delta, serrate) establishes an intercellular signalling pathway that plays a key role in neural development. Homologues of the notch-ligands have also been identified in human, but precise interactions between these ligands and the human notch homologues remains to be determined. Mutations in NOTCH3 have been identified as the underlying cause of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BCL2L14 | BCL2-like 14 (apoptosis facilitator)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the BCL2 protein family. BCL2 family members form hetero- or homodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. Overexpression of this gene has been shown to induce apoptosis in cells. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding two distinct isoforms have been reported for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| BCL2L11 | BCL2-like 11 (apoptosis facilitator)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the BCL-2 protein family. BCL-2 family members form hetero- or homodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. The protein encoded by this gene contains a Bcl-2 homology domain 3 (BH3). It has been shown to interact with other members of the BCL-2 protein family and to act as an apoptotic activator. The expression of this gene can be induced by nerve growth factor (NGF), as well as by the forkhead transcription factor FKHR-L1, which suggests a role of this gene in neuronal and lymphocyte apoptosis. Transgenic studies of the mouse counterpart suggested that this gene functions as an essential initiator of apoptosis in thymocyte-negative selection. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| BCL2L10 | BCL2-like 10 (apoptosis facilitator)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the BCL-2 protein family. BCL-2 family members form hetero- or homodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. The protein encoded by this gene contains conserved BH4, BH1 and BH2 domains. This protein can interact with other members of BCL-2 protein family including BCL2, BCL2L1/BCL-X(L), and BAX. Overexpression of this gene has been shown to suppress cell apoptosis possibly through the prevention of cytochrome C release from the mitochondria, and thus activating caspase-3 activation. The mouse counterpart of this protein is found to interact with Apaf1 and forms a protein complex with Caspase 9, which suggests the involvement of this protein in APAF1 and CASPASE 9 related apoptotic pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BCL2L13 | BCL2-like 13 (apoptosis facilitator)|This gene encodes a mitochondrially-localized protein with conserved B-cell lymphoma 2 homology motifs. Overexpression of the encoded protein results in apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| NTMT1 | N-terminal Xaa-Pro-Lys N-methyltransferase 1|The METTL11A gene encodes an N-terminal methyltransferase for the RAN (MIM 601179) guanine nucleotide exchange factor regulator of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1; MIM 179710). METTL11A enzyme alpha-N-methylates other protein targets such as SET (MIM 600960) and RB (MIM 180200).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| TMIGD2 | transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain containing 2| |
| ESCO1 | establishment of sister chromatid cohesion N-acetyltransferase 1|ESCO1 belongs to a conserved family of acetyltransferases involved in sister chromatid cohesion (Hou and Zou, 2005 [PubMed 15958495]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| NUP43 | nucleoporin 43kDa|Bidirectional transport of macromolecules between the cytoplasm and nucleus occurs through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) embedded in the nuclear envelope. NPCs are composed of subcomplexes, and NUP43 is part of one such subcomplex, Nup107-160 (Loiodice et al., 2004 [PubMed 15146057]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CTU2 | cytosolic thiouridylase subunit 2 homolog (S. pombe)| |
| ZNF557 | zinc finger protein 557| |
| ZNF554 | zinc finger protein 554| |
| ZNF555 | zinc finger protein 555| |
| ZNF552 | zinc finger protein 552| |
| NCKAP1 | NCK-associated protein 1| |
| ZNF551 | zinc finger protein 551| |
| SCEL | sciellin|The protein encoded by this gene is a precursor to the cornified envelope of terminally differentiated keratinocytes. This protein localizes to the periphery of cells and may function in the assembly or regulation of proteins in the cornified envelope. Transcript variants encoding different isoforms exist. A transcript variant utilizing an alternative polyA signal has been described in the literature, but its full-length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MSX1 | msh homeobox 1|This gene encodes a member of the muscle segment homeobox gene family. The encoded protein functions as a transcriptional repressor during embryogenesis through interactions with components of the core transcription complex and other homeoproteins. It may also have roles in limb-pattern formation, craniofacial development, particularly odontogenesis, and tumor growth inhibition. Mutations in this gene, which was once known as homeobox 7, have been associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate 5, Witkop syndrome, Wolf-Hirschom syndrome, and autosomoal dominant hypodontia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MSX2 | msh homeobox 2|This gene encodes a member of the muscle segment homeobox gene family. The encoded protein is a transcriptional repressor whose normal activity may establish a balance between survival and apoptosis of neural crest-derived cells required for proper craniofacial morphogenesis. The encoded protein may also have a role in promoting cell growth under certain conditions and may be an important target for the RAS signaling pathways. Mutations in this gene are associated with parietal foramina 1 and craniosynostosis type 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADRM1 | adhesion regulating molecule 1|This gene encodes a member of the adhesion regulating molecule 1 protein family. The encoded protein is a component of the proteasome where it acts as a ubiquitin receptor and recruits the deubiquitinating enzyme, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L5. Increased levels of the encoded protein are associated with increased cell adhesion, which is likely an indirect effect of this intracellular protein. Dysregulation of this gene has been implicated in carcinogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| ZNF558 | zinc finger protein 558| |
| ZNF559 | zinc finger protein 559| |
| RPL3 | ribosomal protein L3|Ribosomes, the complexes that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L3P family of ribosomal proteins and it is located in the cytoplasm. The protein can bind to the HIV-1 TAR mRNA, and it has been suggested that the protein contributes to tat-mediated transactivation. This gene is co-transcribed with several small nucleolar RNA genes, which are located in several of this gene's introns. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CHD1 | chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 1|The CHD family of proteins is characterized by the presence of chromo (chromatin organization modifier) domains and SNF2-related helicase/ATPase domains. CHD genes alter gene expression possibly by modification of chromatin structure thus altering access of the transcriptional apparatus to its chromosomal DNA template. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ISYNA1 | inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1|This gene encodes an inositol-3-phosphate synthase enzyme. The encoded protein plays a critical role in the myo-inositol biosynthesis pathway by catalyzing the rate-limiting conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to myoinositol 1-phosphate. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 4. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| SHOX | short stature homeobox|This gene belongs to the paired homeobox family and is located in the pseudoautosomal region 1 (PAR1) of X and Y chromosomes. Defects in this gene are associated with idiopathic growth retardation and in the short stature phenotype of Turner syndrome patients. This gene is highly conserved across species from mammals to fish to flies. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GTF2H2 | general transcription factor IIH, polypeptide 2, 44kDa|This gene is part of a 500 kb inverted duplication on chromosome 5q13. This duplicated region contains at least four genes and repetitive elements which make it prone to rearrangements and deletions. The repetitiveness and complexity of the sequence have also caused difficulty in determining the organization of this genomic region. This gene is within the telomeric copy of the duplication. Deletion of this gene sometimes accompanies deletion of the neighboring SMN1 gene in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients but it is unclear if deletion of this gene contributes to the SMA phenotype. This gene encodes the 44 kDa subunit of RNA polymerase II transcription initiation factor IIH which is involved in basal transcription and nucleotide excision repair. Transcript variants for this gene have been described, but their full length nature has not been determined. A second copy of this gene within the centromeric copy of the duplication has been described in the literature. It is reported to be different by either two or four base pairs; however, no sequence data is currently available for the centromeric copy of the gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GTF2H1 | general transcription factor IIH, polypeptide 1, 62kDa| |
| WASH1 | WAS protein family homolog 1| |
| GTF2H5 | general transcription factor IIH, polypeptide 5|This gene encodes a subunit of transcription/repair factor TFIIH, which functions in gene transcription and DNA repair. This protein stimulates ERCC3/XPB ATPase activity to trigger DNA opening during DNA repair, and is implicated in regulating cellular levels of TFIIH. Mutations in this gene result in trichothiodystrophy, complementation group A. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| GTF2H4 | general transcription factor IIH, polypeptide 4, 52kDa| |
| NBL1 | neuroblastoma 1, DAN family BMP antagonist|This gene product is the founding member of the evolutionarily conserved CAN (Cerberus and DAN) family of proteins, which contain a domain resembling the CTCK (C-terminal cystine knot-like) motif found in a number of signaling molecules. These proteins are secreted, and act as BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) antagonists by binding to BMPs and preventing them from interacting with their receptors. They may thus play an important role during growth and development. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene. Read-through transcripts between this locus and the upstream mitochondrial inner membrane organizing system 1 gene (GeneID 440574) have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| MAPKAP1 | mitogen-activated protein kinase associated protein 1|This gene encodes a protein that is highly similar to the yeast SIN1 protein, a stress-activated protein kinase. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. Alternate polyadenylation sites as well as alternate 3' UTRs have been identified for transcripts of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TVP23C | trans-golgi network vesicle protein 23 homolog C (S. cerevisiae)| |
| TVP23B | trans-golgi network vesicle protein 23 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)| |
| ALDH1B1 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member B1|This protein belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenases family of proteins. Aldehyde dehydrogenase is the second enzyme of the major oxidative pathway of alcohol metabolism. This gene does not contain introns in the coding sequence. The variation of this locus may affect the development of alcohol-related problems. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CNTRL | centriolin|This gene encodes a centrosomal protein required for the centrosome to function as a microtubule organizing center. The gene product is also associated with centrosome maturation. One version of stem cell myeloproliferative disorder is the result of a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 9, with the breakpoint associated with fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and centrosomal protein 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COX7A2L | cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIa polypeptide 2 like|Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. This component is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may function in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes a protein similar to polypeptides 1 and 2 of subunit VIIa in the C-terminal region, and also highly similar to the mouse Sig81 protein sequence. This gene is expressed in all tissues, and upregulated in a breast cancer cell line after estrogen treatment. It is possible that this gene represents a regulatory subunit of COX and mediates the higher level of energy production in target cells by estrogen. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDH8 | protocadherin 8|This gene belongs to the protocadherin gene family, a subfamily of the cadherin superfamily. The gene encodes an integral membrane protein that is thought to function in cell adhesion in a CNS-specific manner. Unlike classical cadherins, which are generally encoded by 15-17 exons, this gene includes only 3 exons. Notable is the large first exon encoding the extracellular region, including 6 cadherin domains and a transmembrane region. Alternative splicing yields isoforms with unique cytoplasmic tails. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDH9 | protocadherin 9|This gene encodes a member of the protocadherin family, and cadherin superfamily, of transmembrane proteins containing cadherin domains. These proteins mediate cell adhesion in neural tissues in the presence of calcium. The encoded protein may be involved in signaling at neuronal synaptic junctions. Sharing a characteristic with other protocadherin genes, this gene has a notably large exon that encodes multiple cadherin domains and a transmembrane region. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| RPL26L1 | ribosomal protein L26-like 1|This gene encodes a protein that shares high sequence similarity with ribosomal protein L26. It is not currently known whether the encoded protein is a functional ribosomal protein or whether it has evolved a function that is independent of the ribosome. Transcript variants utilizing alternative polyA signals exist. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GALNT10 | polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 10|This gene encodes a member of the GalNAc polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases. These enzymes catalyze the first step in the synthesis of mucin-type oligosaccharides. These proteins transfer GalNAc from UDP-GalNAc to either serine or threonine residues of polypeptide acceptors. The protein encoded by this locus may have increased catalytic activity toward glycosylated peptides compared to activity toward non-glycosylated peptides.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| RPL38 | ribosomal protein L38|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L38E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. Alternative splice variants have been identified, both encoding the same protein. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome, including one located in the promoter region of the type 1 angiotensin II receptor gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPL39 | ribosomal protein L39|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the S39E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. In rat, the protein is the smallest, and one of the most basic, proteins of the ribosome. This gene is co-transcribed with the U69 small nucleolar RNA gene, which is located in its second intron. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPL36 | ribosomal protein L36|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L36E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. Transcript variants derived from alternative splicing exist; they encode the same protein. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TAB2 | TGF-beta activated kinase 1/MAP3K7 binding protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene is an activator of MAP3K7/TAK1, which is required for for the IL-1 induced activation of nuclear factor kappaB and MAPK8/JNK. This protein forms a kinase complex with TRAF6, MAP3K7 and TAB1, and it thus serves as an adaptor that links MAP3K7 and TRAF6. This protein, along with TAB1 and MAP3K7, also participates in the signal transduction induced by TNFSF11/RANKl through the activation of the receptor activator of NF-kappaB (TNFRSF11A/RANK), which may regulate the development and function of osteoclasts. Studies of the related mouse protein indicate that it functions to protect against liver damage caused by chemical stressors. Mutations in this gene cause congenital heart defects, multiple types, 2 (CHTD2). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| RPL34 | ribosomal protein L34|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L34E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. This gene originally was thought to be located at 17q21, but it has been mapped to 4q. Transcript variants derived from alternative splicing, alternative transcription initiation sites, and/or alternative polyadenylation exist; these variants encode the same protein. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPL35 | ribosomal protein L35|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L29P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPL32 | ribosomal protein L32|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L32E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. Although some studies have mapped this gene to 3q13.3-q21, it is believed to map to 3p25-p24. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPL30 | ribosomal protein L30|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L30E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. This gene is co-transcribed with the U72 small nucleolar RNA gene, which is located in its fourth intron. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDH7 | protocadherin 7|This gene belongs to the protocadherin gene family, a subfamily of the cadherin superfamily. The gene encodes a protein with an extracellular domain containing 7 cadherin repeats. The gene product is an integral membrane protein that is thought to function in cell-cell recognition and adhesion. Alternative splicing yields isoforms with unique cytoplasmic tails. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TARBP2 | TAR (HIV-1) RNA binding protein 2|HIV-1, the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), contains an RNA genome that produces a chromosomally integrated DNA during the replicative cycle. Activation of HIV-1 gene expression by the transactivator Tat is dependent on an RNA regulatory element (TAR) located downstream of the transcription initiation site. The protein encoded by this gene binds between the bulge and the loop of the HIV-1 TAR RNA regulatory element and activates HIV-1 gene expression in synergy with the viral Tat protein. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. This gene also has a pseudogene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TARBP1 | TAR (HIV-1) RNA binding protein 1|HIV-1, the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), contains an RNA genome that produces a chromosomally integrated DNA during the replicative cycle. Activation of HIV-1 gene expression by the transactivator Tat is dependent on an RNA regulatory element (TAR) located downstream of the transcription initiation site. This element forms a stable stem-loop structure and can be bound by either the protein encoded by this gene or by RNA polymerase II. This protein may act to disengage RNA polymerase II from TAR during transcriptional elongation. Alternatively spliced transcripts of this gene may exist, but their full-length natures have not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF653 | zinc finger protein 653| |
| ATF5 | activating transcription factor 5| |
| ATF4 | activating transcription factor 4|This gene encodes a transcription factor that was originally identified as a widely expressed mammalian DNA binding protein that could bind a tax-responsive enhancer element in the LTR of HTLV-1. The encoded protein was also isolated and characterized as the cAMP-response element binding protein 2 (CREB-2). The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a family of DNA-binding proteins that includes the AP-1 family of transcription factors, cAMP-response element binding proteins (CREBs) and CREB-like proteins. These transcription factors share a leucine zipper region that is involved in protein-protein interactions, located C-terminal to a stretch of basic amino acids that functions as a DNA binding domain. Two alternative transcripts encoding the same protein have been described. Two pseudogenes are located on the X chromosome at q28 in a region containing a large inverted duplication. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| ANKRD42 | ankyrin repeat domain 42| |
| ATF6 | activating transcription factor 6|This gene encodes a transcription factor that activates target genes for the unfolded protein response (UPR) during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Although it is a transcription factor, this protein is unusual in that it is synthesized as a transmembrane protein that is embedded in the ER. It functions as an ER stress sensor/transducer, and following ER stress-induced proteolysis, it functions as a nuclear transcription factor via a cis-acting ER stress response element (ERSE) that is present in the promoters of genes encoding ER chaperones. This protein has been identified as a survival factor for quiescent but not proliferative squamous carcinoma cells. There have been conflicting reports about the association of polymorphisms in this gene with diabetes in different populations, but another polymorphism has been associated with increased plasma cholesterol levels. This gene is also thought to be a potential therapeutic target for cystic fibrosis. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| ZNF286A | zinc finger protein 286A| |
| PPCS | phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase|Biosynthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) from pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is an essential universal pathway in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. PPCS (EC 6.3.2.5), one of the last enzymes in this pathway, converts phosphopantothenate to phosphopantothenoylcysteine (Daugherty et al., 2002 [PubMed 11923312]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ZNF286B | zinc finger protein 286B| |
| SMARCC2 | SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily c, member 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins, whose members display helicase and ATPase activities and which are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SNF/SWI and contains a predicted leucine zipper motif typical of many transcription factors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HSF1 | heat shock transcription factor 1|The product of this gene is a heat-shock transcription factor. Transcription of heat-shock genes is rapidly induced after temperature stress. Hsp90, by itself and/or associated with multichaperone complexes, is a major repressor of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SMARCC1 | SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily c, member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins, whose members display helicase and ATPase activities and which are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SNF/SWI and contains a predicted leucine zipper motif typical of many transcription factors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPAP2C | phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2C|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) family. PAPs convert phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol, and function in de novo synthesis of glycerolipids as well as in receptor-activated signal transduction mediated by phospholipase D. This protein is similar to phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2A (PPAP2A) and type 2B (PPAP2B). All three proteins contain 6 transmembrane regions, and a consensus N-glycosylation site. This protein has been shown to possess membrane associated PAP activity. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RYK | receptor-like tyrosine kinase|The protein encoded by this gene is an atypical member of the family of growth factor receptor protein tyrosine kinases, differing from other members at a number of conserved residues in the activation and nucleotide binding domains. This gene product belongs to a subfamily whose members do not appear to be regulated by phosphorylation in the activation segment. It has been suggested that mediation of biological activity by recruitment of a signaling-competent auxiliary protein may occur through an as yet uncharacterized mechanism. The encoded protein has a leucine-rich extracellular domain with a WIF-type Wnt binding region, a single transmembrane domain, and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. This protein is involved in stimulating Wnt signaling pathways such as the regulation of axon pathfinding. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| PPAP2A | phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2A|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) family. PAPs convert phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol, and function in synthesis of glycerolipids and in phospholipase D-mediated signal transduction. This enzyme is an integral membrane glycoprotein that plays a role in the hydrolysis and uptake of lipids from extracellular space. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| BUB1B | BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B|This gene encodes a kinase involved in spindle checkpoint function. The protein has been localized to the kinetochore and plays a role in the inhibition of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), delaying the onset of anaphase and ensuring proper chromosome segregation. Impaired spindle checkpoint function has been found in many forms of cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SUMO1 | small ubiquitin-like modifier 1|This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) protein family. It functions in a manner similar to ubiquitin in that it is bound to target proteins as part of a post-translational modification system. However, unlike ubiquitin which targets proteins for degradation, this protein is involved in a variety of cellular processes, such as nuclear transport, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, and protein stability. It is not active until the last four amino acids of the carboxy-terminus have been cleaved off. Several pseudogenes have been reported for this gene. Alternate transcriptional splice variants encoding different isoforms have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMCO1 | transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 1|This locus encodes a transmembrane protein. Mutations at this locus have been associated with craniofacial dysmorphism, skeletal anomalies, and mental retardation. Mutations at this locus have also been associated with open angle glaucoma blindness. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| SUMO3 | small ubiquitin-like modifier 3|This gene encodes a member of the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) family of eukaryotic proteins. The encoded protein is covalently conjugated to other proteins via a post-translation modification known as sumoylation. Sumoylation may play a role in a wide variety of cellular processes, including nuclear transport, DNA replication and repair, mitosis, transcriptional regulation, and signal transduction. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct proteins have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| TMCO3 | transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 3| |
| PSPC1 | paraspeckle component 1|This gene encodes a nucleolar protein that localizes to punctate subnuclear structures that occur close to splicing speckles, known as paraspeckles. These paraspeckles are composed of RNA-protein structures that include a non-coding RNA, NEAT1/Men epsilon/beta, and the Drosophila Behavior Human Splicing family of proteins, which include the product of this gene and the P54NRB/NONO and PSF/SFPQ proteins. Paraspeckles may function in the control of gene expression via an RNA nuclear retention mechanism. The protein encoded by this gene is found in paraspeckles in transcriptionally active cells, but it localizes to unique cap structures at the nucleolar periphery when RNA polymerase II transcription is inhibited, or during telophase. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene, which is also located on chromosome 13, has been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| SUMO4 | small ubiquitin-like modifier 4|This gene is a member of the SUMO gene family. This family of genes encode small ubiquitin-related modifiers that are attached to proteins and control the target proteins' subcellular localization, stability, or activity. The protein described in this record is located in the cytoplasm and specifically modifies IKBA, leading to negative regulation of NF-kappa-B-dependent transcription of the IL12B gene. A specific polymorphism in this SUMO gene, which leads to the M55V substitution, has been associated with type I diabetes. The RefSeq contains this polymorphism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMCO6 | transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 6| |
| PPWD1 | peptidylprolyl isomerase domain and WD repeat containing 1| |
| ANKIB1 | ankyrin repeat and IBR domain containing 1| |
| HSF5 | heat shock transcription factor family member 5| |
| LEF1 | lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1|This gene encodes a transcription factor belonging to a family of proteins that share homology with the high mobility group protein-1. The protein encoded by this gene can bind to a functionally important site in the T-cell receptor-alpha enhancer, thereby conferring maximal enhancer activity. This transcription factor is involved in the Wnt signaling pathway, and it may function in hair cell differentiation and follicle morphogenesis. Mutations in this gene have been found in somatic sebaceous tumors. This gene has also been linked to other cancers, including androgen-independent prostate cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| KIAA0319 | KIAA0319|This gene encodes a transmembrane protein that contains a large extracellular domain with multiple polycystic kidney disease (PKD) domains. The encoded protein may play a role in the development of the cerebral cortex by regulating neuronal migration and cell adhesion. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene are associated with dyslexia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| IFNW1 | interferon, omega 1| |
| BLOC1S6 | biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex-1, subunit 6, pallidin|The protein encoded by this gene may play a role in intracellular vesicle trafficking. It interacts with Syntaxin 13 which mediates intracellular membrane fusion. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BLOC1S5 | biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex-1, subunit 5, muted|This gene encodes a component of BLOC-1 (biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1). Components of this complex are involved in the biogenesis of organelles such as melanosomes and platelet-dense granules. A mouse model for Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome is mutated in the murine version of this gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription exists between this gene and the upstream EEF1E1 (eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 epsilon 1) gene, as well as with the downstream TXNDC5 (thioredoxin domain containing 5) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| BLOC1S4 | biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex-1, subunit 4, cappuccino|This intronless gene encodes a protein that may play a role in organelle biogenesis associated with melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and lysosomes. A similar protein in mouse is a component of a protein complex termed biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC-1), and is a model for Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. The encoded protein may play a role in intracellular vesicular trafficking. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BLOC1S3 | biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex-1, subunit 3|This gene encodes a protein that is a component of the BLOC1 multi-subunit protein complex. This complex is necessary for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, including platelet dense granules and melanosomes. Mutations in this gene cause Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 8, a disease characterized by lysosomal storage defects, bleeding due to platelet storage pool deficiency, and oculocutaneous albinism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SDF2 | stromal cell-derived factor 2|The protein encoded by this gene is believed to be a secretory protein. It has regions of similarity to hydrophilic segments of yeast mannosyltransferases. Its expression is ubiquitous and the gene appears to be relatively conserved among mammals. Alternate splicing results in both coding and non-coding variants. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 15. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| LHX6 | LIM homeobox 6|This gene encodes a member of a large protein family that contains the LIM domain, a unique cysteine-rich zinc-binding domain. The encoded protein may function as a transcriptional regulator and may be involved in the control of differentiation and development of neural and lymphoid cells. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described for this gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PTGER4 | prostaglandin E receptor 4 (subtype EP4)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor family. This protein is one of four receptors identified for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). This receptor can activate T-cell factor signaling. It has been shown to mediate PGE2 induced expression of early growth response 1 (EGR1), regulate the level and stability of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA, and lead to the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this receptor may be involved in the neonatal adaptation of circulatory system, osteoporosis, as well as initiation of skin immune responses. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LHX9 | LIM homeobox 9|This gene encodes a member of the LIM homeobox gene family of developmentally expressed transcription factors. The encoded protein contains a homeodomain and two cysteine-rich zinc-binding LIM domains involved in protein-protein interactions. The protein is highly similar to a mouse protein that causes gonadal agenesis when inactivated, suggesting a role in gonadal development. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PTGER1 | prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1), 42kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family. This protein is one of four receptors identified for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Through a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system, G-Q proteins mediate this receptor's activity. Knockout studies in mice suggested a role of this receptor in mediating algesia and in regulation of blood pressure. Studies in mice also suggested that this gene may mediate adrenocorticotropic hormone response to bacterial endotoxin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PTGER2 | prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2), 53kDa|This gene encodes a receptor for prostaglandin E2, a metabolite of arachidonic acid which has different biologic activities in a wide range of tissues. Mutations in this gene are associated with aspirin-induced susceptibility to asthma. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| PTGER3 | prostaglandin E receptor 3 (subtype EP3)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor family. This protein is one of four receptors identified for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). This receptor may have many biological functions, which involve digestion, nervous system, kidney reabsorption, and uterine contraction activities. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggest that this receptor may also mediate adrenocorticotropic hormone response as well as fever generation in response to exogenous and endogenous stimuli. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| TOR3A | torsin family 3, member A| |
| B3GALTL | beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase-like|The protein encoded by this gene is a beta-1,3-glucosyltransferase that transfers glucose to O-linked fucosylglycans on thrombospondin type-1 repeats (TSRs) of several proteins. The encoded protein is a type II membrane protein. Defects in this gene are a cause of Peters-plus syndrome (PPS).[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| NADK2 | NAD kinase 2, mitochondrial|This gene encodes a mitochondrial kinase that catalyzes the phosphorylation of NAD to yield NADP. Mutations in this gene result in 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase deficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| B3GALT4 | UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 4|This gene is a member of the beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase (beta3GalT) gene family. This family encodes type II membrane-bound glycoproteins with diverse enzymatic functions using different donor substrates (UDP-galactose and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine) and different acceptor sugars (N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine). The beta3GalT genes are distantly related to the Drosophila Brainiac gene and have the protein coding sequence contained in a single exon. The beta3GalT proteins also contain conserved sequences not found in the beta4GalT or alpha3GalT proteins. The carbohydrate chains synthesized by these enzymes are designated as type 1, whereas beta4GalT enzymes synthesize type 2 carbohydrate chains. The ratio of type 1:type 2 chains changes during embryogenesis. By sequence similarity, the beta3GalT genes fall into at least two groups: beta3GalT4 and 4 other beta3GalT genes (beta3GalT1-3, beta3GalT5). This gene is oriented telomere to centromere in close proximity to the ribosomal protein S18 gene. The functionality of the encoded protein is limited to ganglioseries glycolipid biosynthesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC38A4 | solute carrier family 38, member 4|SLC38A4 is found predominantly in liver and transports both cationic and neutral amino acids. The transport of cationic amino acids by SLC38A4 is Na(+) and pH independent, while the transport of neutral amino acids is Na(+) and pH dependent (Hatanaka et al., 2001 [PubMed 11342143]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| B3GALT6 | UDP-Gal:betaGal beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase polypeptide 6|The enzyme encoded by this intronless gene is a beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase found in the medial Golgi apparatus, where it catalyzes the transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose to substrates containing a terminal beta-linked galactose moiety. The encoded enzyme has a particular affinity for galactose-beta-1,4-xylose found in the linker region of glycosamines. This enzyme is required for glycosaminoglycan synthesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| SLC38A6 | solute carrier family 38, member 6| |
| CTNNAL1 | catenin (cadherin-associated protein), alpha-like 1| |
| B3GALT1 | UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1|This gene is a member of the beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase (beta3GalT) gene family. This family encodes type II membrane-bound glycoproteins with diverse enzymatic functions using different donor substrates (UDP-galactose and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine) and different acceptor sugars (N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine). The beta3GalT genes are distantly related to the Drosophila Brainiac gene and have the protein coding sequence contained in a single exon. The beta3GalT proteins also contain conserved sequences not found in the beta4GalT or alpha3GalT proteins. The carbohydrate chains synthesized by these enzymes are designated as type 1, whereas beta4GalT enzymes synthesize type 2 carbohydrate chains. The ratio of type 1:type 2 chains changes during embryogenesis. By sequence similarity, the beta3GalT genes fall into at least two groups: beta3GalT4 and 4 other beta3GalT genes (beta3GalT1-3, beta3GalT5). This gene is expressed exclusively in the brain. The encoded protein shows strict donor substrate specificity for UDP-galactose. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| B3GALT2 | UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 2|This gene is a member of the beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase (beta3GalT) gene family. This family encodes type II membrane-bound glycoproteins with diverse enzymatic functions using different donor substrates (UDP-galactose and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine) and different acceptor sugars (N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine). The beta3GalT genes are distantly related to the Drosophila Brainiac gene and have the protein coding sequence contained in a single exon. The beta3GalT proteins also contain conserved sequences not found in the beta4GalT or alpha3GalT proteins. The carbohydrate chains synthesized by these enzymes are designated as type 1, whereas beta4GalT enzymes synthesize type 2 carbohydrate chains. The ratio of type 1:type 2 chains changes during embryogenesis. By sequence similarity, the beta3GalT genes fall into at least two groups: beta3GalT4 and 4 other beta3GalT genes (beta3GalT1-3, beta3GalT5). This gene encodes a protein that functions in N-linked glycoprotein glycosylation and shows strict donor substrate specificity for UDP-galactose. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC38A2 | solute carrier family 38, member 2| |
| MDFIC | MyoD family inhibitor domain containing|This gene product is a member of a family of proteins characterized by a specific cysteine-rich C-terminal domain, which is involved in transcriptional regulation of viral genome expression. Alternative translation initiation from an upstream non-AUG (GUG), and an in-frame, downstream AUG codon, results in the production of two isoforms, p40 and p32, respectively, which have different subcellular localization; p32 is mainly found in the cytoplasm, whereas p40 is targeted to the nucleolus. Both isoforms have transcriptional regulatory activity that is attributable to the cysteine-rich C-terminal domain. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| TMEM63B | transmembrane protein 63B| |
| STK4 | serine/threonine kinase 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytoplasmic kinase that is structurally similar to the yeast Ste20p kinase, which acts upstream of the stress-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. The encoded protein can phosphorylate myelin basic protein and undergoes autophosphorylation. A caspase-cleaved fragment of the encoded protein has been shown to be capable of phosphorylating histone H2B. The particular phosphorylation catalyzed by this protein has been correlated with apoptosis, and it's possible that this protein induces the chromatin condensation observed in this process. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CSF3R | colony stimulating factor 3 receptor (granulocyte)|The protein encoded by this gene is the receptor for colony stimulating factor 3, a cytokine that controls the production, differentiation, and function of granulocytes. The encoded protein, which is a member of the family of cytokine receptors, may also function in some cell surface adhesion or recognition processes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. Mutations in this gene are a cause of Kostmann syndrome, also known as severe congenital neutropenia. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| OCA2 | oculocutaneous albinism II|This gene encodes the human homolog of the mouse p (pink-eyed dilution) gene. The encoded protein is believed to be an integral membrane protein involved in small molecule transport, specifically tyrosine, which is a precursor to melanin synthesis. It is involved in mammalian pigmentation, where it may control skin color variation and act as a determinant of brown or blue eye color. Mutations in this gene result in type 2 oculocutaneous albinism. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| CXCL11 | chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11|Chemokines are a group of small (approximately 8 to 14 kD), mostly basic, structurally related molecules that regulate cell trafficking of various types of leukocytes through interactions with a subset of 7-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptors. Chemokines also play fundamental roles in the development, homeostasis, and function of the immune system, and they have effects on cells of the central nervous system as well as on endothelial cells involved in angiogenesis or angiostasis. Chemokines are divided into 2 major subfamilies, CXC and CC. This antimicrobial gene is a CXC member of the chemokine superfamily. Its encoded protein induces a chemotactic response in activated T-cells and is the dominant ligand for CXC receptor-3. The gene encoding this protein contains 4 exons and at least three polyadenylation signals which might reflect cell-specific regulation of expression. IFN-gamma is a potent inducer of transcription of this gene. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| CYP3A7 | cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 7|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes, which participate in drug metabolism and the synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This enzyme hydroxylates testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulphate, which is involved in the formation of estriol during pregnancy. This gene is part of a cluster of related genes on chromosome 7q21.1. Naturally-occurring readthrough transcription occurs between this gene and the downstream CYP3A51P pseudogene and is represented by GeneID:100861540. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| CYP3A4 | cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 4|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases that catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and its expression is induced by glucocorticoids and some pharmacological agents. This enzyme is involved in the metabolism of approximately half the drugs in use today, including acetaminophen, codeine, cyclosporin A, diazepam and erythromycin. The enzyme also metabolizes some steroids and carcinogens. This gene is part of a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes on chromosome 7q21.1. Previously another CYP3A gene, CYP3A3, was thought to exist; however, it is now thought that this sequence represents a transcript variant of CYP3A4. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| CYP3A5 | cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 5|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. The encoded protein metabolizes drugs as well as the steroid hormones testosterone and progesterone. This gene is part of a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes on chromosome 7q21.1. Two pseudogenes of this gene have been identified within this cluster on chromosome 7. Expression of this gene is widely variable among populations, and a single nucleotide polymorphism that affects transcript splicing has been associated with susceptibility to hypertensions. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| CXCL14 | chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14|This antimicrobial gene belongs to the cytokine gene family which encode secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The protein encoded by this gene is structurally related to the CXC (Cys-X-Cys) subfamily of cytokines. Members of this subfamily are characterized by two cysteines separated by a single amino acid. This cytokine displays chemotactic activity for monocytes but not for lymphocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils or macrophages. It has been implicated that this cytokine is involved in the homeostasis of monocyte-derived macrophages rather than in inflammation. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| CXCL16 | chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16| |
| UBE4B | ubiquitination factor E4B|The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes an additional conjugation factor, E4, which is involved in multiubiquitin chain assembly. This gene is also the strongest candidate in the neuroblastoma tumor suppressor genes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UBE4A | ubiquitination factor E4A|This gene encodes a member of the U-box ubiquitin ligase family. The encoded protein is involved in multiubiquitin chain assembly and plays a critical role in chromosome condensation and separation through the polyubiquitination of securin. Autoantibodies against the encoded protein may be markers for scleroderma and Crohn's disease. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 3. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| HCN1 | hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1|The membrane protein encoded by this gene is a hyperpolarization-activated cation channel that contributes to the native pacemaker currents in heart and neurons. The encoded protein can homodimerize or heterodimerize with other pore-forming subunits to form a potassium channel. This channel may act as a receptor for sour tastes. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| HCN3 | hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 3|This gene encodes a multi-pass membrane protein that functions as a voltage gated cation channel. The encoded protein is a member of a family of closely related cyclic adenosine monophosphate-binding channel proteins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| HCN2 | hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 2|Hyperpolarization-activated cation channels of the HCN gene family, such as HCN2, contribute to spontaneous rhythmic activity in both heart and brain.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2010] |
| TGFBI | transforming growth factor, beta-induced, 68kDa|This gene encodes an RGD-containing protein that binds to type I, II and IV collagens. The RGD motif is found in many extracellular matrix proteins modulating cell adhesion and serves as a ligand recognition sequence for several integrins. This protein plays a role in cell-collagen interactions and may be involved in endochondrial bone formation in cartilage. The protein is induced by transforming growth factor-beta and acts to inhibit cell adhesion. Mutations in this gene are associated with multiple types of corneal dystrophy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HCN4 | hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 4|This gene encodes a member of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channels. The encoded protein shows slow kinetics of activation and inactivation, and is necessary for the cardiac pacemaking process. This channel may also mediate responses to sour stimuli. Mutations in this gene have been linked to sick sinus syndrome 2, also known as atrial fibrillation with bradyarrhythmia or familial sinus bradycardia. Two pseudogenes have been identified on chromosome 15. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| SNRNP25 | small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 25kDa (U11/U12)|Two types of spliceosomes catalyze splicing of pre-mRNAs. The major U2-type spliceosome is found in all eukaryotes and removes U2-type introns, which represent more than 99% of pre-mRNA introns. The minor U12-type spliceosome is found in some eukaryotes and removes U12-type introns, which are rare and have distinct splice consensus signals. The U12-type spliceosome consists of several small nuclear RNAs and associated proteins. This gene encodes a 25K protein that is a component of the U12-type spliceosome. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| SNRNP27 | small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 27kDa (U4/U6.U5)|This gene encodes a serine/arginine-rich (SR) protein. SR proteins play important roles in pre-mRNA splicing by facilitating the recognition and selection of splice sites. The encoded protein associates with the 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, a major component of the U2-type spiceosome. The expression of this gene may be altered in cells infected with the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) retrovirus. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 5. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| NTN1 | netrin 1|Netrin is included in a family of laminin-related secreted proteins. The function of this gene has not yet been defined; however, netrin is thought to be involved in axon guidance and cell migration during development. Mutations and loss of expression of netrin suggest that variation in netrin may be involved in cancer development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| YBX1 | Y box binding protein 1| |
| YBX3 | Y box binding protein 3| |
| RAPGEF1 | Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 1|This gene encodes a human guanine nucleotide exchange factor. It transduces signals from CRK by binding the SH3 domain of CRK, and activating several members of the Ras family of GTPases. This signaling cascade that may be involved in apoptosis, integrin-mediated signal transduction, and cell transformation. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MED10 | mediator complex subunit 10|MED10 is a component of the Mediator complex, which is a coactivator for DNA-binding factors that activate transcription via RNA polymerase II (Sato et al., 2003 [PubMed 12584197]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2008] |
| RLN2 | relaxin 2|Relaxins are known endocrine and autocrine/paracrine hormones, belonging to the insulin gene superfamily. In humans there are three non-allelic relaxin genes, RLN1, RLN2 and RLN3, where RLN1 and RLN2 share high sequence homology. The active form of the protein encoded by this gene consists of an A chain and a B chain linked by disulfide bonds. Relaxin is produced by the ovary, and targets the mammalian reproductive system to ripen the cervix, elongate the pubic symphysis and inhibit uterine contraction. It may have additional roles in enhancing sperm motility, regulating blood pressure, controlling heart rate and releasing oxytocin and vasopressin. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| JAM2 | junctional adhesion molecule 2|This gene belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, and the junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) family. The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane protein that is localized at the tight junctions of both epithelial and endothelial cells. It acts as an adhesive ligand for interacting with a variety of immune cell types, and may play a role in lymphocyte homing to secondary lymphoid organs. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| NTN4 | netrin 4|NTN4 belongs to a family of proteins related to laminins (see LAMA1, MIM 150320) Koch et al. (2000) [PubMed 11038171].[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| APOC1 | apolipoprotein C-I|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the apolipoprotein C1 family. This gene is expressed primarily in the liver, and it is activated when monocytes differentiate into macrophages. A pseudogene of this gene is located 4 kb downstream in the same orientation, on the same chromosome. This gene is mapped to chromosome 19, where it resides within a apolipoprotein gene cluster. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the biological validity of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MIA3 | melanoma inhibitory activity family, member 3| |
| PTGDR | prostaglandin D2 receptor (DP)|This gene encodes a member of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. The receptors are seven-pass transmembrane proteins that respond to extracellular cues and activate intracellular signal transduction pathways. This protein is reported to be a receptor for prostaglandin D2, which is a mediator of allergic inflammation and allergic airway inflammation in asthma. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| RAB3GAP2 | RAB3 GTPase activating protein subunit 2 (non-catalytic)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the RAB3 protein family, members of which are involved in regulated exocytosis of neurotransmitters and hormones. This protein forms the Rab3 GTPase-activating complex with RAB3GAP1, where it constitutes the regulatory subunit, whereas the latter functions as the catalytic subunit. This gene has the highest level of expression in the brain, consistent with it having a key role in neurodevelopment. Mutations in this gene are associated with Martsolf syndrome.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| TEN1 | TEN1 CST complex subunit|C17ORF106, or TEN1, appears to function in a telomere-associated complex with STN1 (OBFC1; MIM 613128) and CTC1 (C17ORF68; MIM 613129) (Miyake et al., 2009 [PubMed 19854130]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2009] |
| MRPL15 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L15|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein that belongs to the EcoL15 ribosomal protein family. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 15q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CHIC2 | cysteine-rich hydrophobic domain 2|This gene encodes a member of the CHIC family of proteins. The encoded protein contains a cysteine-rich hydrophobic (CHIC) motif, and is localized to vesicular structures and the plasma membrane. This gene is associated with some cases of acute myeloid leukemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MED11 | mediator complex subunit 11|MED11 is a component of the Mediator complex, which is a coactivator for DNA-binding factors that activate transcription via RNA polymerase II (Sato et al., 2003 [PubMed 12584197]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2008] |
| CHIC1 | cysteine-rich hydrophobic domain 1| |
| BHLHA15 | basic helix-loop-helix family, member a15| |
| DRP2 | dystrophin related protein 2|Members of the dystrophin family of proteins perform a critical role in the maintenance of membrane-associated complexes at points of intercellular contact in vertebrate cells. The protein encoded by this gene is predicted to resemble certain short C-terminal isoforms of dystrophin and dystrophin-related protein 1 (DRP1 or utrophin). DRP2 is expressed principally in the brain and spinal cord. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| RAB3GAP1 | RAB3 GTPase activating protein subunit 1 (catalytic)|This gene encodes the catalytic subunit of a Rab GTPase activating protein. The encoded protein forms a heterodimer with a non-catalytic subunit to specifically regulate the activity of members of the Rab3 subfamily of small G proteins. This protein mediates the hydrolysis of GTP bound Rab3 to the GDP bound form. Mutations in this gene are associated with Warburg micro syndrome. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| PEPD | peptidase D|This gene encodes a member of the peptidase family. The protein forms a homodimer that hydrolyzes dipeptides or tripeptides with C-terminal proline or hydroxyproline residues. The enzyme serves an important role in the recycling of proline, and may be rate limiting for the production of collagen. Mutations in this gene result in prolidase deficiency, which is characterized by the excretion of large amount of di- and tri-peptides containing proline. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| UACA | uveal autoantigen with coiled-coil domains and ankyrin repeats| |
| TBC1D23 | TBC1 domain family, member 23| |
| ARPC3 | actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 3, 21kDa|This gene encodes one of seven subunits of the human Arp2/3 protein complex. The Arp2/3 protein complex has been conserved through evolution and is implicated in the control of actin polymerization in cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| TBC1D21 | TBC1 domain family, member 21| |
| TBC1D20 | TBC1 domain family, member 20|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to a family of GTPase activator proteins of Rab-like small GTPases. The encoded protein and its cognate GTPase, Rab1, bind the nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) to mediate viral replication. Depletion of this protein inhibits replication of the virus and HCV infection. Mutations in this gene are associated with Warburg micro syndrome 4. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| ZIC2 | Zic family member 2|This gene encodes a member of the ZIC family of C2H2-type zinc finger proteins. This protein functions as a transcriptional repressor and may regulate tissue specific expression of dopamine receptor D1. Mutations in this gene cause holoprosencephaly type 5. Holoprosencephaly is the most common structural anomaly of the human brain. A polyhistidine tract polymorphism in this gene may be associated with increased risk of neural tube defects. This gene is closely linked to a gene encoding zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 5, a related family member on chromosome 13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TNFRSF9 | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 9|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor contributes to the clonal expansion, survival, and development of T cells. It can also induce proliferation in peripheral monocytes, enhance T cell apoptosis induced by TCR/CD3 triggered activation, and regulate CD28 co-stimulation to promote Th1 cell responses. The expression of this receptor is induced by lymphocyte activation. TRAF adaptor proteins have been shown to bind to this receptor and transduce the signals leading to activation of NF-kappaB. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TBC1D25 | TBC1 domain family, member 25|This gene encodes a protein with a TBC domain and may function as a Rab GTPase activating protein. This gene was previously known as ornithine aminotransferase-like 1, but has no similarity to ornithine aminotransferase. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TBC1D24 | TBC1 domain family, member 24|This gene encodes a protein with a conserved domain, referred to as the TBC domain, characteristic of proteins which interact with GTPases. TBC domain proteins may serve as GTPase-activating proteins for a particular group of GTPases, the Rab (Ras-related proteins in brain) small GTPases which are involved in the regulation of membrane trafficking. Mutations in this gene are associated with familial infantile myoclonic epilepsy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| TNFRSF4 | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor has been shown to activate NF-kappaB through its interaction with adaptor proteins TRAF2 and TRAF5. Knockout studies in mice suggested that this receptor promotes the expression of apoptosis inhibitors BCL2 and BCL2lL1/BCL2-XL, and thus suppresses apoptosis. The knockout studies also suggested the roles of this receptor in CD4+ T cell response, as well as in T cell-dependent B cell proliferation and differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDK2AP2 | cyclin-dependent kinase 2 associated protein 2|This gene encodes a protein that interacts with cyclin-dependent kinase 2 associated protein 1. Pseudogenes associated with this gene are located on chromosomes 7 and 9. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| FUNDC2 | FUN14 domain containing 2| |
| TBC1D2B | TBC1 domain family, member 2B| |
| RNF44 | ring finger protein 44|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger, a motif present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and known to be involved in protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GUCY2D | guanylate cyclase 2D, membrane (retina-specific)|This gene encodes a retina-specific guanylate cyclase, which is a member of the membrane guanylyl cyclase family. Like other membrane guanylyl cyclases, this enzyme has a hydrophobic amino-terminal signal sequence followed by a large extracellular domain, a single membrane spanning domain, a kinase homology domain, and a guanylyl cyclase catalytic domain. In contrast to other membrane guanylyl cyclases, this enzyme is not activated by natriuretic peptides. Mutations in this gene result in Leber congenital amaurosis and cone-rod dystrophy-6 diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| GUCY2F | guanylate cyclase 2F, retinal|The protein encoded by this gene is a guanylyl cyclase found predominantly in photoreceptors in the retina. The encoded protein is thought to be involved in resynthesis of cGMP after light activation of the visual signal transduction cascade, allowing a return to the dark state. This protein is a single-pass type I membrane protein. Defects in this gene may be a cause of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| SENP8 | SUMO/sentrin specific peptidase family member 8|This gene encodes a cysteine protease that is a member of the sentrin-specific protease family. The encoded protein is involved in processing and deconjugation of the ubiquitin-like protein termed, neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated 8. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| SENP7 | SUMO1/sentrin specific peptidase 7|The reversible posttranslational modification of proteins by the addition of small ubiquitin-like SUMO proteins (see SUMO1; MIM 601912) is required for many cellular processes. SUMO-specific proteases, such as SENP7, process SUMO precursors to generate a C-terminal diglycine motif required for the conjugation reaction. They also display isopeptidase activity for deconjugation of SUMO-conjugated substrates (Lima and Reverter, 2008 [PubMed 18799455]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009] |
| FIBCD1 | fibrinogen C domain containing 1|FIBCD1 is a conserved type II transmembrane endocytic receptor that binds chitin and is located primarily in the intestinal brush border (Schlosser et al., 2009 [PubMed 19710473]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010] |
| SENP5 | SUMO1/sentrin specific peptidase 5|The reversible posttranslational modification of proteins by the addition of small ubiquitin-like SUMO proteins (see SUMO1; MIM 601912) is required for numerous biologic processes. SUMO-specific proteases, such as SENP5, are responsible for the initial processing of SUMO precursors to generate a C-terminal diglycine motif required for the conjugation reaction. They also have isopeptidase activity for the removal of SUMO from high molecular mass SUMO conjugates (Di Bacco et al., 2006 [PubMed 16738315]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009] |
| SENP3 | SUMO1/sentrin/SMT3 specific peptidase 3|The reversible posttranslational modification of proteins by the addition of small ubiquitin-like SUMO proteins (see SUMO1; MIM 601912) is required for numerous biologic processes. SUMO-specific proteases, such as SENP3, are responsible for the initial processing of SUMO precursors to generate a C-terminal diglycine motif required for the conjugation reaction. They also have isopeptidase activity for the removal of SUMO from high molecular mass SUMO conjugates (Di Bacco et al., 2006 [PubMed 16738315]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009] |
| SENP2 | SUMO1/sentrin/SMT3 specific peptidase 2|SUMO1 (UBL1; MIM 601912) is a small ubiquitin-like protein that can be covalently conjugated to other proteins. SENP2 is one of a group of enzymes that process newly synthesized SUMO1 into the conjugatable form and catalyze the deconjugation of SUMO1-containing species.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| SENP1 | SUMO1/sentrin specific peptidase 1|This gene encodes a cysteine protease that specifically targets members of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein family. This protease regulates SUMO pathways by deconjugating sumoylated proteins. This protease also functions to process the precursor SUMO proteins into their mature form. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| SAMM50 | SAMM50 sorting and assembly machinery component|This gene encodes a component of the Sorting and Assembly Machinery (SAM) of the mitochondrial outer membrane. The Sam complex functions in the assembly of beta-barrel proteins into the outer mitochondrial membrane.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| SNPH | syntaphilin|Syntaxin-1, synaptobrevin/VAMP, and SNAP25 interact to form the SNARE complex, which is required for synaptic vesicle docking and fusion. The protein encoded by this gene is membrane-associated and inhibits SNARE complex formation by binding free syntaxin-1. Expression of this gene appears to be brain-specific. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLA1A | phospholipase A1 member A|The protein encoded by this gene is a phospholipase that hydrolyzes fatty acids at the sn-1 position of phosphatidylserine and 1-acyl-2-lysophosphatidylserine. This secreted protein hydrolyzes phosphatidylserine in liposomes. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| ING4 | inhibitor of growth family, member 4|This gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein that contains a PHD-finger, which is a common motif in proteins involved in chromatin remodeling. This protein can bind TP53 and EP300/p300, a component of the histone acetyl transferase complex, suggesting its involvement in the TP53-dependent regulatory pathway. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed that encode distinct proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ING5 | inhibitor of growth family, member 5|The protein encoded by this gene is similar to ING1, a tumor suppressor protein that can interact with TP53, inhibit cell growth, and induce apoptosis. This protein contains a PHD-finger, which is a common motif in proteins involved in chromatin remodeling. This protein can bind TP53 and EP300/p300, a component of the histone acetyl transferase complex, suggesting its involvement in TP53-dependent regulatory pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARPC4 | actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 4, 20kDa|This gene encodes one of seven subunits of the human Arp2/3 protein complex. This complex controls actin polymerization in cells and has been conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution. This gene encodes the p20 subunit, which is necessary for actin nucleation and high-affinity binding to F-actin. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Naturally occurring read-through transcription exists between this gene and the downstream tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family, member 3 (TTLL3), which results in the production of a fusion protein. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| C21orf58 | chromosome 21 open reading frame 58| |
| C21orf59 | chromosome 21 open reading frame 59|This gene a protein plays a critical role in dynein arm assembly and motile cilia function. Mutations in this gene result in primary ciliary dyskinesia. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| TYRO3 | TYRO3 protein tyrosine kinase|The gene is part of a 3-member transmembrane receptor kinase receptor family with a processed pseudogene distal on chromosome 15. The encoded protein is activated by the products of the growth arrest-specific gene 6 and protein S genes and is involved in controlling cell survival and proliferation, spermatogenesis, immunoregulation and phagocytosis. The encoded protein has also been identified as a cell entry factor for Ebola and Marburg viruses. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| POC1A | POC1 centriolar protein A|POC1 proteins contain an N-terminal WD40 domain and a C-terminal coiled coil domain and are part of centrosomes. They play an important role in basal body and cilia formation. This gene encodes one of the two POC1 proteins found in humans. Mutations in this gene result in short stature, onychodysplasia, facial dysmorphism, and hypotrichosis (SOFT) syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012] |
| NOTUM | notum pectinacetylesterase homolog (Drosophila)| |
| VASH2 | vasohibin 2| |
| VASH1 | vasohibin 1| |
| TMPRSS13 | transmembrane protease, serine 13|This gene encodes a member of the type II transmembrane serine protease family. Transmembrane serine proteases are regulated by protease inhibitors and known to function in development, homeostasis, infection, and tumorigenesis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| INS | insulin|After removal of the precursor signal peptide, proinsulin is post-translationally cleaved into three peptides: the B chain and A chain peptides, which are covalently linked via two disulfide bonds to form insulin, and C-peptide. Binding of insulin to the insulin receptor (INSR) stimulates glucose uptake. A multitude of mutant alleles with phenotypic effects have been identified. There is a read-through gene, INS-IGF2, which overlaps with this gene at the 5' region and with the IGF2 gene at the 3' region. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| SELENBP1 | selenium binding protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the selenium-binding protein family. Selenium is an essential nutrient that exhibits potent anticarcinogenic properties, and deficiency of selenium may cause certain neurologic diseases. The effects of selenium in preventing cancer and neurologic diseases may be mediated by selenium-binding proteins, and decreased expression of this gene may be associated with several types of cancer. The encoded protein may play a selenium-dependent role in ubiquitination/deubiquitination-mediated protein degradation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| WDFY4 | WDFY family member 4| |
| WDFY3 | WD repeat and FYVE domain containing 3|This gene encodes a phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate-binding protein that functions as a master conductor for aggregate clearance by autophagy. This protein shuttles from the nuclear membrane to colocalize with aggregated proteins, where it complexes with other autophagic components to achieve macroautophagy-mediated clearance of these aggregated proteins. However, it is not necessary for starvation-induced macroautophagy. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| WDFY2 | WD repeat and FYVE domain containing 2|This gene encodes a protein that contains two WD domains and an FYVE zinc finger region. The function of this gene is unknown. An alternatively spliced transcript variant of this gene may exist. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WDFY1 | WD repeat and FYVE domain containing 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate binding protein, which contains a FYVE zinc finger domain and multiple WD-40 repeat domains. When exogenously expressed, it localizes to early endosomes. Mutagenesis analysis demonstrates that this endosomal localization is mediated by the FYVE domain. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| UBE2DNL | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2D N-terminal like (pseudogene)| |
| GFPT1 | glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1|This gene encodes the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the hexosamine pathway and controls the flux of glucose into the hexosamine pathway. The product of this gene catalyzes the formation of glucosamine 6-phosphate. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| GFPT2 | glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2| |
| ECHDC2 | enoyl CoA hydratase domain containing 2| |
| SHKBP1 | SH3KBP1 binding protein 1| |
| ZNF827 | zinc finger protein 827| |
| CEP85L | centrosomal protein 85kDa-like|The protein encoded by this gene was identified as a breast cancer antigen. Nothing more is known of its function at this time. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| ACP6 | acid phosphatase 6, lysophosphatidic| |
| DES | desmin|This gene encodes a muscle-specific class III intermediate filament. Homopolymers of this protein form a stable intracytoplasmic filamentous network connecting myofibrils to each other and to the plasma membrane. Mutations in this gene are associated with desmin-related myopathy, a familial cardiac and skeletal myopathy (CSM), and with distal myopathies. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACP1 | acid phosphatase 1, soluble|The product of this gene belongs to the phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase family of proteins. It functions as an acid phosphatase and a protein tyrosine phosphatase by hydrolyzing protein tyrosine phosphate to protein tyrosine and orthophosphate. This enzyme also hydrolyzes orthophosphoric monoesters to alcohol and orthophosphate. This gene is genetically polymorphic, and three common alleles segregating at the corresponding locus give rise to six phenotypes. Each allele appears to encode at least two electrophoretically different isozymes, Bf and Bs, which are produced in allele-specific ratios. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| SDCCAG8 | serologically defined colon cancer antigen 8|This gene encodes a centrosome associated protein. This protein may be involved in organizing the centrosome during interphase and mitosis. Mutations in this gene are associated with retinal-renal ciliopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| SNIP1 | Smad nuclear interacting protein 1|This gene encodes a protein that contains a coiled-coil motif and C-terminal forkhead-associated (FHA) domain. The encoded protein functions as a transcriptional coactivator that increases c-Myc activity and inhibits transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) signaling. The encoded protein also regulates the stability of cyclin D1 mRNA, and may play a role in cell proliferation and cancer progression. Mutations in this gene are a cause of psychomotor retardation, epilepsy, and craniofacial dysmorphism (PMRED). [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| GLA | galactosidase, alpha|This gene encodes a homodimeric glycoprotein that hydrolyses the terminal alpha-galactosyl moieties from glycolipids and glycoproteins. This enzyme predominantly hydrolyzes ceramide trihexoside, and it can catalyze the hydrolysis of melibiose into galactose and glucose. A variety of mutations in this gene affect the synthesis, processing, and stability of this enzyme, which causes Fabry disease, a rare lysosomal storage disorder that results from a failure to catabolize alpha-D-galactosyl glycolipid moieties. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC2A14 | solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 14|Members of the glucose transporter (GLUT) family, including SLC2A14, are highly conserved integral membrane proteins that transport hexoses such as glucose and fructose into all mammalian cells. GLUTs show tissue and cell-type specific expression (Wu and Freeze, 2002 [PubMed 12504846]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SLC2A12 | solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 12|SLC2A12 belongs to a family of transporters that catalyze the uptake of sugars through facilitated diffusion (Rogers et al., 2002). This family of transporters show conservation of 12 transmembrane helices as well as functionally significant amino acid residues (Joost and Thorens, 2001 [PubMed 11780753]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SLC2A11 | solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 11|This gene belongs to a family of proteins that mediate the transport of sugars across the cell membrane. The encoded protein transports glucose and fructose. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| SLC2A10 | solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 10|This gene encodes a member of the class III facilitative glucose transporter family. The encoded protein plays a role in regulation of glucose homeostasis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with arterial tortuosity syndrome.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| ANKRD35 | ankyrin repeat domain 35| |
| ANKRD37 | ankyrin repeat domain 37| |
| ANKRD31 | ankyrin repeat domain 31| |
| ANKRD32 | ankyrin repeat domain 32| |
| FSBP | fibrinogen silencer binding protein| |
| NASP | nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein (histone-binding)|This gene encodes a H1 histone binding protein that is involved in transporting histones into the nucleus of dividing cells. Multiple isoforms are encoded by transcript variants of this gene. The somatic form is expressed in all mitotic cells, is localized to the nucleus, and is coupled to the cell cycle. The testicular form is expressed in embryonic tissues, tumor cells, and the testis. In male germ cells, this protein is localized to the cytoplasm of primary spermatocytes, the nucleus of spermatids, and the periacrosomal region of mature spermatozoa. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FKBP10 | FK506 binding protein 10, 65 kDa|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the FKBP-type peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) family. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and acts as a molecular chaperone. Alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms have been reported, but their biological validity has not been determined.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| GDPD1 | glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 1|This gene encodes a member of the glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of deacylated glycerophospholipids to glycerol phosphate and alcohol. The encoded protein is localized to the cytoplasm and concentrates near the perinuclear region. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| ANKRD39 | ankyrin repeat domain 39| |
| CDIPT | CDP-diacylglycerol--inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase|Phosphatidylinositol breakdown products are ubiquitous second messengers that function downstream of many G protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinases regulating cell growth, calcium metabolism, and protein kinase C activity. Two enzymes, CDP-diacylglycerol synthase and phosphatidylinositol synthase, are involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol. Phosphatidylinositol synthase, a member of the CDP-alcohol phosphatidyl transferase class-I family, is an integral membrane protein found on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| NCOA2 | nuclear receptor coactivator 2|The NCOA2 gene encodes nuclear receptor coactivator 2, which aids in the function of nuclear hormone receptors. Nuclear hormone receptors are conditional transcription factors that play important roles in various aspects of cell growth, development, and homeostasis by controlling expression of specific genes. Members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, which includes the 5 steroid receptors and class II nuclear receptors (see below), are structurally characterized by 3 distinct domains: an N-terminal transcriptional activation domain, a central DNA-binding domain, and a C-terminal hormone-binding domain. Before the binding of hormone, steroid receptors, which are sometimes called class I of the nuclear hormone receptor family, remain inactive in a complex with heat-shock protein-90 (MIM 140571) and other stress family proteins. Binding of hormone induces critical conformational changes in steroid receptors that cause them to dissociate from the inhibitory complex, bind as homodimers to specific DNA enhancer elements associated with target genes, and modulate that gene's transcription. After binding to enhancer elements, transcription factors require transcriptional coactivator proteins to mediate their stimulation of transcription initiation (Hong et al., 1997 [PubMed 9111344]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| NCOA3 | nuclear receptor coactivator 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear receptor coactivator that interacts with nuclear hormone receptors to enhance their transcriptional activator functions. The encoded protein has histone acetyltransferase activity and recruits p300/CBP-associated factor and CREB binding protein as part of a multisubunit coactivation complex. This protein is initially found in the cytoplasm but is translocated into the nucleus upon phosphorylation. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. In addition, a polymorphic repeat region is found in the C-terminus of the encoded protein. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| TMEM11 | transmembrane protein 11| |
| NCOA6 | nuclear receptor coactivator 6|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional coactivator that can interact with nuclear hormone receptors to enhance their transcriptional activator functions. This protein has been shown to be involved in the hormone-dependent coactivation of several receptors, including prostanoid, retinoid, vitamin D3, thyroid hormone, and steroid receptors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| NCOA7 | nuclear receptor coactivator 7| |
| NCOA4 | nuclear receptor coactivator 4|This gene encodes an androgen receptor coactivator. The encoded protein interacts with the androgen receptor in a ligand-dependent manner to enhance its transcriptional activity. Chromosomal translocations between this gene and the ret tyrosine kinase gene, also located on chromosome 10, have been associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. Pseudogenes are present on chromosomes 4, 5, 10, and 14. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| NCOA5 | nuclear receptor coactivator 5|This gene encodes a coregulator for the alpha and beta estrogen receptors and the orphan nuclear receptor NR1D2. The protein localizes to the nucleus, and is thought to have both coactivator and corepressor functions. Its interaction with nuclear receptors is independent of the AF2 domain on the receptors, which is known to regulate interaction with other coreceptors. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants for this gene have been described. However, the full length nature of one of the variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRAME | preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma|This gene encodes an antigen that is preferentially expressed in human melanomas and that is recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes. It is not expressed in normal tissues, except testis. The encoded protein acts as a repressor of retinoic acid receptor, and likely confers a growth advantage to cancer cells via this function. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| TMEM18 | transmembrane protein 18| |
| TMEM19 | transmembrane protein 19| |
| NT5C3A | 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IIIA|This gene encodes a member of the 5'-nucleotidase family of enzymes that catalyze the dephosphorylation of nucleoside 5'-monophosphates. The encoded protein is the type 1 isozyme of pyrimidine 5' nucleotidase and catalyzes the dephosphorylation of pyrimidine 5' monophosphates. Mutations in this gene are a cause of hemolytic anemia due to uridine 5-prime monophosphate hydrolase deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and pseudogenes of this gene are located on the long arm of chromosomes 3 and 4. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| NT5C3B | 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IIIB| |
| BSN | bassoon presynaptic cytomatrix protein|Neurotransmitters are released from a specific site in the axon terminal called the active zone, which is composed of synaptic vesicles and a meshwork of cytoskeleton underlying the plasma membrane. The protein encoded by this gene is thought to be a scaffolding protein involved in organizing the presynaptic cytoskeleton. The gene is expressed primarily in neurons in the brain. A similar gene product in rodents is concentrated in the active zone of axon terminals and tightly associated with cytoskeletal structures, and is essential for regulating neurotransmitter release from a subset of synapses. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CISH | cytokine inducible SH2-containing protein|The protein encoded by this gene contains a SH2 domain and a SOCS box domain. The protein thus belongs to the cytokine-induced STAT inhibitor (CIS), also known as suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) or STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI), protein family. CIS family members are known to be cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine signaling. The expression of this gene can be induced by IL2, IL3, GM-CSF and EPO in hematopoietic cells. Proteasome-mediated degradation of this protein has been shown to be involved in the inactivation of the erythropoietin receptor. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| LCOR | ligand dependent nuclear receptor corepressor|LCOR is a transcriptional corepressor widely expressed in fetal and adult tissues that is recruited to agonist-bound nuclear receptors through a single LxxLL motif, also referred to as a nuclear receptor (NR) box (Fernandes et al., 2003 [PubMed 12535528]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MECR | mitochondrial trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase| |
| BSG | basigin (Ok blood group)|The protein encoded by this gene is a plasma membrane protein that is important in spermatogenesis, embryo implantation, neural network formation, and tumor progression. The encoded protein is also a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NSFL1C | NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47)|N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) and valosin-containing protein (p97) are two ATPases known to be involved in transport vesicle/target membrane fusion and fusions between membrane compartments. A trimer of the protein encoded by this gene binds a hexamer of cytosolic p97 and is required for p97-mediated regrowth of Golgi cisternae from mitotic Golgi fragments. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 8. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| P4HTM | prolyl 4-hydroxylase, transmembrane (endoplasmic reticulum)|The product of this gene belongs to the family of prolyl 4-hydroxylases. This protein is a prolyl hydroxylase that may be involved in the degradation of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors under normoxia. It plays a role in adaptation to hypoxia and may be related to cellular oxygen sensing. Alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RIF1 | replication timing regulatory factor 1|This gene encodes a protein that shares homology with the yeast teleomere binding protein, Rap1 interacting factor 1. This protein localizes to aberrant telomeres may be involved in DNA repair. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| MPG | N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase| |
| NFYA | nuclear transcription factor Y, alpha|The protein encoded by this gene is one subunit of a trimeric complex, forming a highly conserved transcription factor that binds to CCAAT motifs in the promoter regions in a variety of genes. Subunit A associates with a tight dimer composed of the B and C subunits, resulting in a trimer that binds to DNA with high specificity and affinity. The sequence specific interactions of the complex are made by the A subunit, suggesting a role as the regulatory subunit. In addition, there is evidence of post-transcriptional regulation in this gene product, either by protein degradation or control of translation. Further regulation is represented by alternative splicing in the glutamine-rich activation domain, with clear tissue-specific preferences for the two isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GSG2 | germ cell associated 2 (haspin)| |
| AMPH | amphiphysin|This gene encodes a protein associated with the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicles. A subset of patients with stiff-man syndrome who were also affected by breast cancer are positive for autoantibodies against this protein. Alternate splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Additional splice variants have been described, but their full length sequences have not been determined. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 11.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| SLC27A5 | solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 5|The protein encoded by this gene is an isozyme of very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (VLCS). It is capable of activating very long-chain fatty-acids containing 24- and 26-carbons. It is expressed in liver and associated with endoplasmic reticulum but not with peroxisomes. Its primary role is in fatty acid elongation or complex lipid synthesis rather than in degradation. This gene has a mouse ortholog. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLSCR2 | phospholipid scramblase 2|This gene encodes a member of the phospholipid scramblase family. Phospholipid scramblases are membrane proteins that mediate calcium-dependent, non-specific movement of plasma membrane phospholipids and phosphatidylserine exposure. The encoded protein contains a low affinity calcium binding motif and may play a role in blood coagulation and apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| SLC27A6 | solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 6|This gene encodes a member of the fatty acid transport protein family (FATP). FATPs are involved in the uptake of long-chain fatty acids and have unique expression patterns. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRAM1 | PML-RARA regulated adaptor molecule 1|The protein encoded by this gene is similar to FYN binding protein (FYB/SLAP-130), an adaptor protein involved in T cell receptor mediated signaling. This gene is expressed and regulated during normal myelopoiesis. The expression of this gene is induced by retinoic acid and is inhibited by the expression of PML-RARalpha, a fusion protein of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) and the retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RARalpha). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STARD3NL | STARD3 N-terminal like|This gene encodes a late-endosomal protein that contains a conserved MENTAL (MLN64 N-terminal) domain. The encoded protein binds cholesterol molecules and may play a role in endosomal cholesterol transport through interactions with metastatic lymph node protein 64 (MLN64). [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| SLC27A3 | solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 3| |
| ABCG5 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family G (WHITE), member 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the White subfamily. The protein encoded by this gene functions as a half-transporter to limit intestinal absorption and promote biliary excretion of sterols. It is expressed in a tissue-specific manner in the liver, colon, and intestine. This gene is tandemly arrayed on chromosome 2, in a head-to-head orientation with family member ABCG8. Mutations in this gene may contribute to sterol accumulation and atheroschlerosis, and have been observed in patients with sitosterolemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SREK1 | splicing regulatory glutamine/lysine-rich protein 1|This gene encodes a member of a family of serine/arginine-rich (SR) splicing proteins containing RNA recognition motif (RRM) domains. The encoded protein interacts with other SR proteins to modulate splice site selection. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| AK9 | adenylate kinase 9| |
| ZNF638 | zinc finger protein 638|The protein encoded by this gene is a nucleoplasmic protein. It binds cytidine-rich sequences in double-stranded DNA. This protein has three types of domains: MH1, MH2 (repeated three times) and MH3. It is associated with packaging, transferring, or processing transcripts. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the biological validity of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TBCK | TBC1 domain containing kinase|This gene encodes a protein that contains a protein kinase domain, a Rhodanase-like domain and the Tre-2/Bub2/Cdc16 (TBC) domain. The encoded protein is thought to play a role in actin organization, cell growth and cell proliferation by regulating the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. This protein may also be involved in the transcriptional regulation of the components of the mTOR complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| FNDC5 | fibronectin type III domain containing 5|This gene encodes a secreted protein that is released from muscle cells during exercise. The encoded protein may participate in the development of brown fat. Translation of the precursor protein initiates at a non-AUG start codon at a position that is conserved as an AUG start codon in other organisms. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| AK3 | adenylate kinase 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a GTP:ATP phosphotransferase that is found in the mitochondrial matrix. Several transcript variants encoding a few different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| AK2 | adenylate kinase 2|Adenylate kinases are involved in regulating the adenine nucleotide composition within a cell by catalyzing the reversible transfer of phosphate groups among adenine nucleotides. Three isozymes of adenylate kinase, namely 1, 2, and 3, have been identified in vertebrates; this gene encodes isozyme 2. Expression of these isozymes is tissue-specific and developmentally regulated. Isozyme 2 is localized in the mitochondrial intermembrane space and may play a role in apoptosis. Mutations in this gene are the cause of reticular dysgenesis. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 1 and 2.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| TBCE | tubulin folding cofactor E|Cofactor E is one of four proteins (cofactors A, D, E, and C) involved in the pathway leading to correctly folded beta-tubulin from folding intermediates. Cofactors A and D are believed to play a role in capturing and stabilizing beta-tubulin intermediates in a quasi-native confirmation. Cofactor E binds to the cofactor D/beta-tubulin complex; interaction with cofactor C then causes the release of beta-tubulin polypeptides that are committed to the native state. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TBCD | tubulin folding cofactor D|Cofactor D is one of four proteins (cofactors A, D, E, and C) involved in the pathway leading to correctly folded beta-tubulin from folding intermediates. Cofactors A and D are believed to play a role in capturing and stabilizing beta-tubulin intermediates in a quasi-native confirmation. Cofactor E binds to the cofactor D/beta-tubulin complex; interaction with cofactor C then causes the release of beta-tubulin polypeptides that are committed to the native state. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TBCC | tubulin folding cofactor C|Cofactor C is one of four proteins (cofactors A, D, E, and C) involved in the pathway leading to correctly folded beta-tubulin from folding intermediates. Cofactors A and D are believed to play a role in capturing and stabilizing beta-tubulin intermediates in a quasi-native confirmation. Cofactor E binds to the cofactor D/beta-tubulin complex; interaction with cofactor C then causes the release of beta-tubulin polypeptides that are committed to the native state. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TBCB | tubulin folding cofactor B| |
| TBCA | tubulin folding cofactor A|The product of this gene is one of four proteins (cofactors A, D, E, and C) involved in the pathway leading to correctly folded beta-tubulin from folding intermediates. Cofactors A and D are believed to play a role in capturing and stabilizing beta-tubulin intermediates in a quasi-native confirmation. Cofactor E binds to the cofactor D/beta-tubulin complex; interaction with cofactor C then causes the release of beta-tubulin polypeptides that are committed to the native state. This gene encodes chaperonin cofactor A. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| AK4 | adenylate kinase 4|This gene encodes a member of the adenylate kinase family of enzymes. The encoded protein is localized to the mitochondrial matrix. Adenylate kinases regulate the adenine and guanine nucleotide compositions within a cell by catalyzing the reversible transfer of phosphate group among these nucleotides. Five isozymes of adenylate kinase have been identified in vertebrates. Expression of these isozymes is tissue-specific and developmentally regulated. A pseudogene for this gene has been located on chromosome 17. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene. Sequence alignment suggests that the gene defined by NM_013410, NM_203464, and NM_001005353 is located on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NPNT | nephronectin| |
| WDR87 | WD repeat domain 87| |
| CCDC6 | coiled-coil domain containing 6|This gene encodes a coiled-coil domain-containing protein. The encoded protein is ubiquitously expressed and may function as a tumor suppressor. A chromosomal rearrangement resulting in the expression of a fusion gene containing a portion of this gene and the intracellular kinase-encoding domain of the ret proto-oncogene is the cause of thyroid papillary carcinoma.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| OXTR | oxytocin receptor|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor family and acts as a receptor for oxytocin. Its activity is mediated by G proteins which activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The oxytocin-oxytocin receptor system plays an important role in the uterus during parturition. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MME | membrane metallo-endopeptidase|This gene encodes a common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen that is an important cell surface marker in the diagnosis of human acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). This protein is present on leukemic cells of pre-B phenotype, which represent 85% of cases of ALL. This protein is not restricted to leukemic cells, however, and is found on a variety of normal tissues. It is a glycoprotein that is particularly abundant in kidney, where it is present on the brush border of proximal tubules and on glomerular epithelium. The protein is a neutral endopeptidase that cleaves peptides at the amino side of hydrophobic residues and inactivates several peptide hormones including glucagon, enkephalins, substance P, neurotensin, oxytocin, and bradykinin. This gene, which encodes a 100-kD type II transmembrane glycoprotein, exists in a single copy of greater than 45 kb. The 5' untranslated region of this gene is alternatively spliced, resulting in four separate mRNA transcripts. The coding region is not affected by alternative splicing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MMD | monocyte to macrophage differentiation-associated|This protein is expressed by in vitro differentiated macrophages but not freshly isolated monocytes. Although sequence analysis identifies seven potential transmembrane domains, this protein has little homology to G-protein receptors and it has not been positively identified as a receptor. A suggested alternative function is that of an ion channel protein in maturing macrophages. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDIP1 | cell death-inducing p53 target 1| |
| SMARCAD1 | SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, containing DEAD/H box 1|This gene encodes a member of the SNF subfamily of helicase proteins. The encoded protein plays a critical role in the restoration of heterochromatin organization and propagation of epigenetic patterns following DNA replication by mediating histone H3/H4 deacetylation. Mutations in this gene are associated with adermatoglyphia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| HNF4G | hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, gamma| |
| PABPN1 | poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1|This gene encodes an abundant nuclear protein that binds with high affinity to nascent poly(A) tails. The protein is required for progressive and efficient polymerization of poly(A) tails at the 3' ends of eukaryotic transcripts and controls the size of the poly(A) tail to about 250 nt. At steady-state, this protein is localized in the nucleus whereas a different poly(A) binding protein is localized in the cytoplasm. This gene contains a GCG trinucleotide repeat at the 5' end of the coding region, and expansion of this repeat from the normal 6 copies to 8-13 copies leads to autosomal dominant oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) disease. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 19 and X. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the neighboring upstream BCL2-like 2 (BCL2L2) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| PPM1B | protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent, 1B|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the PP2C family of Ser/Thr protein phosphatases. PP2C family members are known to be negative regulators of cell stress response pathways. This phosphatase has been shown to dephosphorylate cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and thus may be involved in cell cycle control. Overexpression of this phosphatase is reported to cause cell-growth arrest or cell death. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Additional transcript variants have been described, but currently do not represent full-length sequences. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NCKAP1L | NCK-associated protein 1-like|This gene encodes a member of the HEM family of tissue-specific transmembrane proteins which are highly conserved from invertebrates through mammals. This gene is only expressed in hematopoietic cells. The encoded protein is a part of the Scar/WAVE complex which plays an important role in regulating cell shape in both metazoans and plants. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| ACTBL2 | actin, beta-like 2| |
| PRKG2 | protein kinase, cGMP-dependent, type II|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family of proteins. The encoded protein plays a role in the regulation of fluid balance in the intestine. A similar protein in mouse is thought to regulate differentiation and proliferation of cells in the colon. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| AVP | arginine vasopressin|This gene encodes a precursor protein consisting of arginine vasopressin and two associated proteins, neurophysin 2 and a glycopeptide, copeptin. Arginine vasopressin is a posterior pituitary hormone which is synthesized in the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Along with its carrier protein, neurophysin 2, it is packaged into neurosecretory vesicles and transported axonally to the nerve endings in the neurohypophysis where it is either stored or secreted into the bloodstream. The precursor is thought to be activated while it is being transported along the axon to the posterior pituitary. Arginine vasopressin acts as a growth factor by enhancing pH regulation through acid-base transport systems. It has a direct antidiuretic action on the kidney, and also causes vasoconstriction of the peripheral vessels. This hormone can contract smooth muscle during parturition and lactation. It is also involved in cognition, tolerance, adaptation and complex sexual and maternal behaviour, as well as in the regulation of water excretion and cardiovascular functions. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal dominant neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (ADNDI). [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| WDR83 | WD repeat domain 83|This gene encodes a member of the WD-40 protein family. The protein is proposed to function as a molecular scaffold for various multimeric protein complexes. The protein associates with several components of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, and promotes ERK activity in response to serum or other signals. The protein also interacts with egl nine homolog 3 (EGLN3, also known as PHD3) and regulates expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1, and has been purified as part of the spliceosome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| TREH | trehalase (brush-border membrane glycoprotein)|This gene encodes an enzyme that hydrolyses trehalose, a disaccharide formed from two glucose molecules found mainly in fungi, plants, and insects. A partial duplication of this gene is located adjacent to this locus on chromosome 11. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| GEN1 | GEN1 Holliday junction 5' flap endonuclease| |
| ZNF497 | zinc finger protein 497| |
| ZNF496 | zinc finger protein 496| |
| ERF | Ets2 repressor factor|Members of the ETS family of transcription factors, such as ERF, regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. They share a highly conserved DNA-binding domain, the ETS domain, that recognizes the sequence GGAA/T (de Castro et al., 1997 [PubMed 9192842]). For further information on ETS transcription factors, see ETS1 (MIM 164720).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ERG | v-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog|This gene encodes a member of the erythroblast transformation-specific (ETS) family of transcriptions factors. All members of this family are key regulators of embryonic development, cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, inflammation, and apoptosis. The protein encoded by this gene is mainly expressed in the nucleus. It contains an ETS DNA-binding domain and a PNT (pointed) domain which is implicated in the self-association of chimeric oncoproteins. This protein is required for platelet adhesion to the subendothelium, inducing vascular cell remodeling. It also regulates hematopoesis, and the differentiation and maturation of megakaryocytic cells. This gene is involved in chromosomal translocations, resulting in different fusion gene products, such as TMPSSR2-ERG and NDRG1-ERG in prostate cancer, EWS-ERG in Ewing's sarcoma and FUS-ERG in acute myeloid leukemia. More than two dozens of transcript variants generated from combinatorial usage of three alternative promoters and multiple alternative splicing events have been reported, but the full-length nature of many of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| ZNF493 | zinc finger protein 493| |
| ZNF492 | zinc finger protein 492| |
| ZNF491 | zinc finger protein 491| |
| SH2D3C | SH2 domain containing 3C|This gene encodes an adaptor protein and member of a cytoplasmic protein family involved in cell migration. The encoded protein contains a putative Src homology 2 (SH2) domain and guanine nucleotide exchange factor-like domain which allows this signaling protein to form a complex with scaffolding protein Crk-associated substrate. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| ERH | enhancer of rudimentary homolog (Drosophila)| |
| CAPNS2 | calpain, small subunit 2| |
| HERPUD2 | HERPUD family member 2| |
| HERPUD1 | homocysteine-inducible, endoplasmic reticulum stress-inducible, ubiquitin-like domain member 1|The accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) triggers the ER stress response. This response includes the inhibition of translation to prevent further accumulation of unfolded proteins, the increased expression of proteins involved in polypeptide folding, known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), and the destruction of misfolded proteins by the ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) system. This gene may play a role in both UPR and ERAD. Its expression is induced by UPR and it has an ER stress response element in its promoter region while the encoded protein has an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain which may interact with the ERAD system. This protein has been shown to interact with presenilin proteins and to increase the level of amyloid-beta protein following its overexpression. Alternative splicing of this gene produces multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. The full-length nature of all transcript variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| RGAG1 | retrotransposon gag domain containing 1| |
| ZNF398 | zinc finger protein 398|This gene encodes a member of the Kruppel family of C2H2-type zinc-finger transcription factor proteins. The encoded protein acts as a transcriptional activator. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. Other transcript variants have been described, but their full length sequence has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM55A | transmembrane protein 55A|TMEM55A catalyzes the degradation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns-4,5-P2) by removing the 4-phosphate (Ungewickell et al., 2005 [PubMed 16365287]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| TMEM55B | transmembrane protein 55B|TMEM55B catalyzes the degradation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns-4,5-P2) by removing the 4-phosphate (Ungewickell et al., 2005 [PubMed 16365287]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| NDNL2 | necdin-like 2|The protein encoded by this gene is part of the SMC5-6 chromatin reorganizing complex and is a member of the MAGE superfamily. This is an intronless gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| RRP9 | ribosomal RNA processing 9, small subunit (SSU) processome component, homolog (yeast)|This gene encodes a member of the WD-repeat protein family. The encoded protein is a component of the nucleolar small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snoRNP) and is essential for 18s rRNA processing during ribosome synthesis. It contains seven WD domains required for nucleolar localization and specific interaction with the U3 small nucleolar RNA (U3 snoRNA). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| SNCB | synuclein, beta|The protein encoded by this gene is highly homologous to alpha-synuclein. These proteins are abundantly expressed in the brain and putatively inhibit phospholipase D2 selectively. The encoded protein, which may play a role in neuronal plasticity, is abundant in neurofibrillary lesions of patients with Alzheimer disease. This protein has been shown to be highly expressed in the substantia nigra of the brain, a region of neuronal degeneration in patients with Parkinson disease; however, no direct relation to Parkinson disease has been established. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MTRNR2L1 | MT-RNR2-like 1| |
| FCGRT | Fc fragment of IgG, receptor, transporter, alpha|This gene encodes a receptor that binds the Fc region of monomeric immunoglobulin G. The encoded protein transfers immunoglobulin G antibodies from mother to fetus across the placenta. This protein also binds immunoglobulin G to protect the antibody from degradation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| TRA2A | transformer 2 alpha homolog (Drosophila)|This gene is a member of the transformer 2 homolog family and encodes a protein with several RRM (RNA recognition motif) domains. This phosphorylated nuclear protein binds to specific RNA sequences and plays a role in the regulation of pre-mRNA splicing. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| TRA2B | transformer 2 beta homolog (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a nuclear protein which functions as sequence-specific serine/arginine splicing factor which plays a role in mRNA processing, splicing patterns, and gene expression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| ACER3 | alkaline ceramidase 3| |
| SLC24A4 | solute carrier family 24 (sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger), member 4|This gene encodes a member of the potassium-dependent sodium/calcium exchanger protein family. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| SNCA | synuclein, alpha (non A4 component of amyloid precursor)|Alpha-synuclein is a member of the synuclein family, which also includes beta- and gamma-synuclein. Synucleins are abundantly expressed in the brain and alpha- and beta-synuclein inhibit phospholipase D2 selectively. SNCA may serve to integrate presynaptic signaling and membrane trafficking. Defects in SNCA have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. SNCA peptides are a major component of amyloid plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Four alternatively spliced transcripts encoding two different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| FBN2 | fibrillin 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of connective tissue microfibrils and may be involved in elastic fiber assembly. Mutations in this gene cause congenital contractural arachnodactyly. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HLA-DRA | major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR alpha|HLA-DRA is one of the HLA class II alpha chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha and a beta chain, both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The alpha chain is approximately 33-35 kDa and its gene contains 5 exons. Exon 1 encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, and exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic tail. DRA does not have polymorphisms in the peptide binding part and acts as the sole alpha chain for DRB1, DRB3, DRB4 and DRB5. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NCR1 | natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1| |
| FBN1 | fibrillin 1|This gene encodes a member of the fibrillin family. The encoded protein is a large, extracellular matrix glycoprotein that serve as a structural component of 10-12 nm calcium-binding microfibrils. These microfibrils provide force bearing structural support in elastic and nonelastic connective tissue throughout the body. Mutations in this gene are associated with Marfan syndrome, isolated ectopia lentis, autosomal dominant Weill-Marchesani syndrome, MASS syndrome, and Shprintzen-Goldberg craniosynostosis syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNF126 | ring finger protein 126|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger domain, a motif present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and known to be involved in protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BRMS1L | breast cancer metastasis-suppressor 1-like|The protein encoded by this gene shows sequence similarity to the human breast carcinoma metastasis suppressor (BRMS1) protein and the mammalian Sds3 (suppressor of defective silencing 3) proteins. This protein is a component of the mSin3a family of histone deacetylase complexes (HDAC). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MEX3D | mex-3 RNA binding family member D| |
| MEX3B | mex-3 RNA binding family member B|This gene encodes an RNA-binding phosphoprotein that is part of the MEX3 (muscle excess 3) family of translational regulators. The encoded protein contains N-terminal nuclear export and nuclear localization signals and is exported from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. The protein binds to RNA via two KH domains and also colocalizes with MEX3A, Dcp1A decapping factor and Argonaute proteins within P (processing) bodies. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| MEX3C | mex-3 RNA binding family member C|This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins with two K homology (KH) RNA-binding domains and a C-terminal RING-finger domain. The protein interacts with mRNA via the KH domains, and the protein shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Polymorphisms in this gene may contribute to hypertension. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| MEX3A | mex-3 RNA binding family member A| |
| LACTB2 | lactamase, beta 2| |
| AIFM1 | apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated, 1|This gene encodes a flavoprotein essential for nuclear disassembly in apoptotic cells, and it is found in the mitochondrial intermembrane space in healthy cells. Induction of apoptosis results in the translocation of this protein to the nucleus where it affects chromosome condensation and fragmentation. In addition, this gene product induces mitochondria to release the apoptogenic proteins cytochrome c and caspase-9. Mutations in this gene cause combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 6, which results in a severe mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 10. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| MXRA7 | matrix-remodelling associated 7| |
| SLC25A23 | solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; phosphate carrier), member 23| |
| RNF123 | ring finger protein 123|The protein encoded by this gene contains a C-terminal RING finger domain, a motif present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and known to be involved in protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions, and an N-terminal SPRY domain. This protein displays E3 ubiquitin ligase activity toward the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B which is also known as p27 or KIP1. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| BTRC | beta-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbws class; in addition to an F-box, this protein contains multiple WD-40 repeats. The encoded protein mediates degradation of CD4 via its interaction with HIV-1 Vpu. It has also been shown to ubiquitinate phosphorylated NFKBIA (nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha), targeting it for degradation and thus activating nuclear factor kappa-B. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. A related pseudogene exists in chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| BAAT | bile acid CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase|The protein encoded by this gene is a liver enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of C24 bile acids from the acyl-CoA thioester to either glycine or taurine, the second step in the formation of bile acid-amino acid conjugates. The bile acid conjugates then act as a detergent in the gastrointestinal tract, which enhances lipid and fat-soluble vitamin absorption. Defects in this gene are a cause of familial hypercholanemia (FHCA). Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNF122 | ring finger protein 122|The encoded protein contains a RING finger, a motif present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and known to be involved in protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. The encoded protein is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus, and may be associated with cell viability. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| ITLN1 | intelectin 1 (galactofuranose binding)| |
| SCN1B | sodium channel, voltage gated, type I beta subunit|Voltage-gated sodium channels are heteromeric proteins that function in the generation and propagation of action potentials in muscle and neuronal cells. They are composed of one alpha and two beta subunits, where the alpha subunit provides channel activity and the beta-1 subunit modulates the kinetics of channel inactivation. This gene encodes a sodium channel beta-1 subunit. Mutations in this gene result in generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus, Brugada syndrome 5, and defects in cardiac conduction. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| IL17RA | interleukin 17 receptor A|Interleukin 17A (IL17A) is a proinflammatory cytokine secreted by activated T-lymphocytes. It is a potent inducer of the maturation of CD34-positive hematopoietic precursors into neutrophils. The transmembrane protein encoded by this gene (interleukin 17A receptor; IL17RA) is a ubiquitous type I membrane glycoprotein that binds with low affinity to interleukin 17A. Interleukin 17A and its receptor play a pathogenic role in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Like other cytokine receptors, this receptor likely has a multimeric structure. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| PET100 | PET100 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|Mitochondrial complex IV, or cytochrome c oxidase, is a large transmembrane protein complex that is part of the respiratory electron transport chain of mitochondria. The small protein encoded by this gene plays a role in the biogenesis of mitochondrial complex IV. This protein localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane and is exposed to the intermembrane space. Mutations in this gene are associated with mitochondrial complex IV deficiency. This gene has a pseudogene on chromosome 3. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| SCN1A | sodium channel, voltage gated, type I alpha subunit|The vertebrate sodium channel is a voltage-gated ion channel essential for the generation and propagation of action potentials, mainly in nerve and muscle. Voltage-sensitive sodium channels are heteromeric complexes consisting of a large central pore-forming glycosylated alpha subunit, and two smaller auxiliary beta subunits. This gene encodes the large alpha subunit, and mutations in this gene have been associated with several epilepsy, convulsion and migraine disorders. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. The RefSeq Project has decided to create four representative RefSeq records. Three of the transcript variants are supported by experimental evidence and the fourth contains alternate 5' untranslated exons, the exact combination of which have not been experimentally confirmed for the full-length transcript.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| EEPD1 | endonuclease/exonuclease/phosphatase family domain containing 1| |
| SFTPD | surfactant protein D| |
| FRYL | FRY-like| |
| DEXI | Dexi homolog (mouse)| |
| SFTPB | surfactant protein B|This gene encodes the pulmonary-associated surfactant protein B (SPB), an amphipathic surfactant protein essential for lung function and homeostasis after birth. Pulmonary surfactant is a surface-active lipoprotein complex composed of 90% lipids and 10% proteins which include plasma proteins and apolipoproteins SPA, SPB, SPC and SPD. The surfactant is secreted by the alveolar cells of the lung and maintains the stability of pulmonary tissue by reducing the surface tension of fluids that coat the lung. The SPB enhances the rate of spreading and increases the stability of surfactant monolayers in vitro. Multiple mutations in this gene have been identified, which cause pulmonary surfactant metabolism dysfunction type 1, also called pulmonary alveolar proteinosis due to surfactant protein B deficiency, and are associated with fatal respiratory distress in the neonatal period. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| STYK1 | serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase 1|Receptor protein tyrosine kinases, like STYK1, play important roles in diverse cellular and developmental processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival (Liu et al., 2004 [PubMed 15150103]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| IDI1 | isopentenyl-diphosphate delta isomerase 1|IDI1 encodes a peroxisomally-localized enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) to its highly electrophilic isomer, dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), which are the substrates for the successive reaction that results in the synthesis of farnesyl diphosphate and, ultimately, cholesterol. It has been shown in peroxisomal deficiency diseases such as Zellweger syndrome and neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy that there is reduction in IPP isomerase activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LY6G6F | lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus G6F|The human G6f protein is a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobin (Ig) superfamily, which is comprised of cell-surface proteins involved in the immune system and cellular recognition (de Vet et al., 2003 [PubMed 12852788]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| IPMK | inositol polyphosphate multikinase|This gene encodes a member of the inositol phosphokinase family. The encoded protein has 3-kinase, 5-kinase and 6-kinase activities on phosphorylated inositol substrates. The encoded protein plays an important role in the biosynthesis of inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate, and has a preferred 5-kinase activity. This gene may play a role in nuclear mRNA export. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on the long arm of chromosome 13 and the short arm of chromosome 19. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| KDM1B | lysine (K)-specific demethylase 1B|Flavin-dependent histone demethylases, such as KDM1B, regulate histone lysine methylation, an epigenetic mark that regulates gene expression and chromatin function (Karytinos et al., 2009 [PubMed 19407342]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009] |
| IMPDH1 | IMP (inosine 5'-monophosphate) dehydrogenase 1|The protein encoded by this gene acts as a homotetramer to regulate cell growth. The encoded protein is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of xanthine monophosphate (XMP) from inosine-5'-monophosphate (IMP). This is the rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides. Defects in this gene are a cause of retinitis pigmentosa type 10 (RP10). Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| ZXDB | zinc finger, X-linked, duplicated B|The ZXDB gene is one of a pair of duplicated zinc finger genes on chromosome Xp11.21 (Greig et al., 1993 [PubMed 8268913]); see also ZXDA (MIM 300235).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2010] |
| ZXDC | ZXD family zinc finger C| |
| LAMB1 | laminin, beta 1|Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Laminins are composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively) and they form a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. Several isoforms of each chain have been described. Different alpha, beta and gamma chain isomers combine to give rise to different heterotrimeric laminin isoforms which are designated by Arabic numerals in the order of their discovery, i.e. alpha1beta1gamma1 heterotrimer is laminin 1. The biological functions of the different chains and trimer molecules are largely unknown, but some of the chains have been shown to differ with respect to their tissue distribution, presumably reflecting diverse functions in vivo. This gene encodes the beta chain isoform laminin, beta 1. The beta 1 chain has 7 structurally distinct domains which it shares with other beta chain isomers. The C-terminal helical region containing domains I and II are separated by domain alpha, domains III and V contain several EGF-like repeats, and domains IV and VI have a globular conformation. Laminin, beta 1 is expressed in most tissues that produce basement membranes, and is one of the 3 chains constituting laminin 1, the first laminin isolated from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) tumor. A sequence in the beta 1 chain that is involved in cell attachment, chemotaxis, and binding to the laminin receptor was identified and shown to have the capacity to inhibit metastasis. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| TMEM185B | transmembrane protein 185B| |
| UBXN10 | UBX domain protein 10| |
| UBXN11 | UBX domain protein 11|This gene encodes a protein with a divergent C-terminal UBX domain. The homologous protein in the rat interacts with members of the Rnd subfamily of Rho GTPases at the cell periphery through its C-terminal region. It also interacts with several heterotrimeric G proteins through their G-alpha subunits and promotes Rho GTPase activation. It is proposed to serve a bidirectional role in the promotion and inhibition of Rho activity through upstream signaling pathways. The 3' coding sequence of this gene contains a polymoprhic region of 24 nt tandem repeats. Several transcripts containing between 1.5 and five repeat units have been reported. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DNTTIP1 | deoxynucleotidyltransferase, terminal, interacting protein 1|DNTTIP1 binds DNA and enhances the activity of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TDT, or DNTT; MIM 187410), a DNA polymerase that catalyzes the polymerization of DNA in the absence of a DNA template (Yamashita et al., 2001 [PubMed 11473582]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| IFNLR1 | interferon, lambda receptor 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the class II cytokine receptor family. This protein forms a receptor complex with interleukine 10 receptor, beta (IL10RB). The receptor complex has been shown to interact with three closely related cytokines, including interleukin 28A (IL28A), interleukin 28B (IL28B), and interleukin 29 (IL29). The expression of all three cytokines can be induced by viral infection. The cells overexpressing this protein have been found to have enhanced responses to IL28A and IL29, but decreased response to IL28B. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UBLCP1 | ubiquitin-like domain containing CTD phosphatase 1| |
| DEFA6 | defensin, alpha 6, Paneth cell-specific|Defensins are a family of antimicrobial and cytotoxic peptides thought to be involved in host defense. They are abundant in the granules of neutrophils and also found in the epithelia of mucosal surfaces such as those of the intestine, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and vagina. Members of the defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence and distinguished by a conserved cysteine motif. Several alpha defensin genes appear to be clustered on chromosome 8. The protein encoded by this gene, defensin, alpha 6, is highly expressed in the secretory granules of Paneth cells of the small intestine, and likely plays a role in host defense of human bowel. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| CCDC8 | coiled-coil domain containing 8|This gene encodes a coiled-coil domain-containing protein. The encoded protein functions as a cofactor required for p53-mediated apoptosis following DNA damage, and may also play a role in growth through interactions with the cytoskeletal adaptor protein obscurin-like 1. Mutations in this gene are a cause of 3M syndrome-3 (3M3). [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| IGDCC3 | immunoglobulin superfamily, DCC subclass, member 3| |
| PELO | pelota homolog (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a protein which contains a conserved nuclear localization signal. The encoded protein may have a role in spermatogenesis, cell cycle control, and in meiotic cell division. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANKRD36C | ankyrin repeat domain 36C| |
| MTMR9 | myotubularin related protein 9|This gene encodes a myotubularin-related protein that is atypical to most other members of the myotubularin-related protein family because it has no dual-specificity phosphatase domain. The encoded protein contains a double-helical motif similar to the SET interaction domain, which is thought to have a role in the control of cell proliferation. In mouse, a protein similar to the encoded protein binds with MTMR7, and together they dephosphorylate phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and inositol 1,3-bisphosphate. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MTMR8 | myotubularin related protein 8|This gene encodes a member of the myotubularin-related family and is part of the MTMR6 subgroup. Family members are dual-specificity phosphatases and the encoded protein contains a phosphoinositide-binding domain (PID) and a SET-interacting domain (SID). Defects in other family members have been found in myotubular myopathic diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| MTMR7 | myotubularin related protein 7|This gene encodes a member of the myotubularin family of tyrosine/dual-specificity phosphatases. The encoded protein is characterized by four distinct domains that are conserved among all members of the myotubularin family: the glucosyltransferase, Rab-like GTPase activator and myotubularins domain, the Rac-induced recruitment domain, the protein tyrosine phosphatases and dual-specificity phosphatases domain and the suppressor of variegation 3-9, enhancer-of-zeste, and trithorax interaction domain. This protein dephosphorylates the target substrates phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and inositol 1,3-bisphosphate. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 5. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| PGR | progesterone receptor|This gene encodes a member of the steroid receptor superfamily. The encoded protein mediates the physiological effects of progesterone, which plays a central role in reproductive events associated with the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. This gene uses two distinct promotors and translation start sites in the first exon to produce two isoforms, A and B. The two isoforms are identical except for the additional 165 amino acids found in the N-terminus of isoform B and mediate their own response genes and physiologic effects with little overlap. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| MTMR4 | myotubularin related protein 4| |
| MTMR3 | myotubularin related protein 3|This gene encodes a member of the myotubularin dual specificity protein phosphatase gene family. The encoded protein is structurally similar to myotubularin but in addition contains a FYVE domain and an N-terminal PH-GRAM domain. The protein can self-associate and also form heteromers with another myotubularin related protein. The protein binds to phosphoinositide lipids through the PH-GRAM domain, and can hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol(3)-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol(3,5)-biphosphate in vitro. The encoded protein has been observed to have a perinuclear, possibly membrane-bound, distribution in cells, but it has also been found free in the cytoplasm. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MTMR2 | myotubularin related protein 2|This gene is a member of the myotubularin family of phosphoinositide lipid phosphatases. The encoded protein possesses phosphatase activity towards phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate. Mutations in this gene are a cause of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4B, an autosomal recessive demyelinating neuropathy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| MTMR1 | myotubularin related protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the myotubularin related family of proteins. Members of this family contain the consensus sequence for the active site of protein tyrosine phosphatases. Alternatively spliced variants have been described but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PGP | phosphoglycolate phosphatase| |
| NR3C2 | nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2|This gene encodes the mineralocorticoid receptor, which mediates aldosterone actions on salt and water balance within restricted target cells. The protein functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor that binds to mineralocorticoid response elements in order to transactivate target genes. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal dominant pseudohypoaldosteronism type I, a disorder characterized by urinary salt wasting. Defects in this gene are also associated with early onset hypertension with severe exacerbation in pregnancy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| TSC22D3 | TSC22 domain family, member 3|The protein encoded by this gene shares significant sequence identity with the murine TSC-22 and Drosophila shs, both of which are leucine zipper proteins, that function as transcriptional regulators. The expression of this gene is stimulated by glucocorticoids and interleukin 10, and it appears to play a key role in the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of this steroid and chemokine. Transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TSC22D2 | TSC22 domain family, member 2| |
| TSC22D4 | TSC22 domain family, member 4|TSC22D4 is a member of the TSC22 domain family of leucine zipper transcriptional regulators (see TSC22D3; MIM 300506) (Kester et al., 1999 [PubMed 10488076]; Fiorenza et al., 2001 [PubMed 11707329]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| FCHSD1 | FCH and double SH3 domains 1| |
| FCHSD2 | FCH and double SH3 domains 2| |
| LHX2 | LIM homeobox 2|This gene encodes a protein belonging to a large protein family, members of which carry the LIM domain, a unique cysteine-rich zinc-binding domain. The encoded protein may function as a transcriptional regulator. The protein can recapitulate or rescue phenotypes in Drosophila caused by a related protein, suggesting conservation of function during evolution. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIAA1161 | KIAA1161| |
| VAT1 | vesicle amine transport 1|Synaptic vesicles are responsible for regulating the storage and release of neurotransmitters in the nerve terminal. The protein encoded by this gene is an abundant integral membrane protein of cholinergic synaptic vesicles and is thought to be involved in vesicular transport. It belongs to the quinone oxidoreductase subfamily of zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAB33B | RAB33B, member RAS oncogene family|Small GTP-binding proteins of the RAB family, such as RAB33B, play important roles at defined steps of vesicular transport in protein secretion and the endocytosis pathway (Zheng et al., 1998 [PubMed 9512502]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2010] |
| HIGD2A | HIG1 hypoxia inducible domain family, member 2A| |
| TRAIP | TRAF interacting protein|This gene encodes a protein that contains an N-terminal RING finger motif and a putative coiled-coil domain. A similar murine protein interacts with TNFR-associated factor 1 (TRAF1), TNFR-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), and cylindromatosis. The interaction with TRAF2 inhibits TRAF2-mediated nuclear factor kappa-B, subunit 1 activation that is required for cell activation and protection against apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SCIMP | SLP adaptor and CSK interacting membrane protein|This gene encodes a transmembrane adaptor protein that is expressed in antigen-presenting cells and is localized in the immunologic synapse. The encoded protein is involved in major histocompatibility complex class II signal transduction and immune synapse formation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| UBA52 | ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1|Ubiquitin is a highly conserved nuclear and cytoplasmic protein that has a major role in targeting cellular proteins for degradation by the 26S proteosome. It is also involved in the maintenance of chromatin structure, the regulation of gene expression, and the stress response. Ubiquitin is synthesized as a precursor protein consisting of either polyubiquitin chains or a single ubiquitin moiety fused to an unrelated protein. This gene encodes a fusion protein consisting of ubiquitin at the N terminus and ribosomal protein L40 at the C terminus, a C-terminal extension protein (CEP). Multiple processed pseudogenes derived from this gene are present in the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CNFN | cornifelin| |
| NUMBL | numb homolog (Drosophila)-like| |
| MAN1C1 | mannosidase, alpha, class 1C, member 1| |
| MESDC1 | mesoderm development candidate 1| |
| MESDC2 | mesoderm development candidate 2| |
| MIA | melanoma inhibitory activity| |
| C21orf91 | chromosome 21 open reading frame 91| |
| ACOX2 | acyl-CoA oxidase 2, branched chain|The product of this gene belongs to the acyl-CoA oxidase family. It encodes the branched-chain acyl-CoA oxidase which is involved in the degradation of long branched fatty acids and bile acid intermediates in peroxisomes. Deficiency of this enzyme results in the accumulation of branched fatty acids and bile acid intermediates, and may lead to Zellweger syndrome, severe mental retardation, and death in children. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| KATNA1 | katanin p60 (ATPase containing) subunit A 1|Microtubules, polymers of alpha and beta tubulin subunits, form the mitotic spindle of a dividing cell and help to organize membranous organelles during interphase. Katanin is a heterodimer that consists of a 60 kDa ATPase (p60 subunit A 1) and an 80 kDa accessory protein (p80 subunit B 1). The p60 subunit acts to sever and disassemble microtubules, while the p80 subunit targets the enzyme to the centrosome. This gene encodes the p80 subunit. This protein is a member of the AAA family of ATPases. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| EXOSC9 | exosome component 9|This gene encodes a component of the human exosome, a exoribonuclease complex which processes and degrades RNA in the nucleus and cytoplasm. This component may play a role in mRNA degradation and the polymyositis/scleroderma autoantigen complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| BCKDK | branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase|The branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (BCKD) is an important regulator of the valine, leucine, and isoleucine catabolic pathways. The protein encoded by this gene is found in the mitochondrion, where it phosphorylates and inactivates BCKD. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| EXOSC2 | exosome component 2| |
| EXOSC3 | exosome component 3|This gene encodes a non-catalytic component of the human exosome, a complex with 3'-5' exoribonuclease activity that plays a role in numerous RNA processing and degradation activities. Related pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosome 19 and 21. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| EXOSC1 | exosome component 1|This gene encodes a core component of the exosome. The mammalian exosome is required for rapid degradation of AU rich element-containing RNAs but not for poly(A) shortening. The association of this protein with the exosome is mediated by protein-protein interactions with ribosomal RNA-processing protein 42 and ribosomal RNA-processing protein 46. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EXOSC6 | exosome component 6|This gene product constitutes one of the subunits of the multisubunit particle called exosome, which mediates mRNA degradation. The composition of human exosome is similar to its yeast counterpart. This protein is homologous to the yeast Mtr3 protein. Its exact function is not known, however, it has been shown using a cell-free RNA decay system that the exosome is required for rapid degradation of unstable mRNAs containing AU-rich elements (AREs), but not for poly(A) shortening. The exosome does not recognize ARE-containing mRNAs on its own, but requires ARE-binding proteins that could interact with the exosome and recruit it to unstable mRNAs, thereby promoting their rapid degradation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EXOSC7 | exosome component 7| |
| EXOSC4 | exosome component 4| |
| EXOSC5 | exosome component 5| |
| DNASE2B | deoxyribonuclease II beta|The protein encoded by this gene shares considerable sequence similarity to, and is structurally related to DNase II. The latter is a well characterized endonuclease that catalyzes DNA hydrolysis in the absence of divalent cations at acidic pH. Unlike DNase II which is ubiquitously expressed, expression of this gene product is restricted to the salivary gland and lungs. The gene has been localized to chromosome 1p22.3 adjacent (and in opposite orientation) to the uricase pseudogene. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADAMTSL3 | ADAMTS-like 3| |
| ADAMTSL1 | ADAMTS-like 1|This gene encodes a secreted protein and member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif) family. This protein lacks the metalloproteinase and disintegrin-like domains, which are typical of the ADAMTS family, but contains other ADAMTS domains, including the thrombospondin type 1 motif. This protein may have important functions in the extracellular matrix. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADAMTSL4 | ADAMTS-like 4|This gene is a member of ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs)-like gene family and encodes a protein with seven thrombospondin type 1 repeats. The thrombospondin type 1 repeat domain is found in many proteins with diverse biological functions including cellular adhesion, angiogenesis, and patterning of the developing nervous system. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| ADAMTSL5 | ADAMTS-like 5| |
| TULP2 | tubby like protein 2|TULP2 is a member of a family of tubby-like genes (TULPs) that encode proteins of unknown function. Members of this family have been identified in plants, vertebrates, and invertebrates. The TULP proteins share a conserved C-terminal region of approximately 200 amino acid residues. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TULP3 | tubby like protein 3|This gene encodes a member of the tubby gene family of bipartite transcription factors. Members of this family have been identified in plants, vertebrates, and invertebrates, and they share a conserved N-terminal transcription activation region and a conserved C-terminal DNA and phosphatidylinositol-phosphate binding region. The encoded protein binds to phosphoinositides in the plasma membrane via its C-terminal region and probably functions as a membrane-bound transcription regulator that translocates to the nucleus in response to phosphoinositide hydrolysis, for instance, induced by G-protein-coupled-receptor signaling. It plays an important role in neuronal development and function. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| CYB561 | cytochrome b561| |
| TULP1 | tubby like protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the tubby-like gene family (TULPs). Members of this family have been identified in plants, vertebrates, and invertebrates and encode proteins of unknown function. TULP proteins share a conserved C-terminal region of approximately 200 amino acid residues. Mutations in this gene may be associated with juvenile retinitis pigmentosa and Leber congenital amaurosis-15. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| FOXA3 | forkhead box A3|This gene encodes a member of the forkhead class of DNA-binding proteins. These hepatocyte nuclear factors are transcriptional activators for liver-specific transcripts such as albumin and transthyretin, and they also interact with chromatin. Similar family members in mice have roles in the regulation of metabolism and in the differentiation of the pancreas and liver. The crystal structure of a similar protein in rat has been resolved. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TULP4 | tubby like protein 4| |
| ACOX3 | acyl-CoA oxidase 3, pristanoyl|Acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 3 also know as pristanoyl -CoA oxidase (ACOX3)is involved in the desaturation of 2-methyl branched fatty acids in peroxisomes. Unlike the rat homolog, the human gene is expressed in very low amounts in liver such that its mRNA was undetectable by routine Northern-blot analysis or its product by immunoblotting or by enzyme activity measurements. However the human cDNA encoding a 700 amino acid protein with a peroxisomal targeting C-terminal tripeptide S-K-L was isolated and is thought to be expressed under special conditions such as specific developmental stages or in a tissue specific manner in tissues that have not yet been examined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DISC1 | disrupted in schizophrenia 1|This gene encodes a protein with multiple coiled coil motifs which is located in the nucleus, cytoplasm and mitochondria. The protein is involved in neurite outgrowth and cortical development through its interaction with other proteins. This gene is disrupted in a t(1;11)(q42.1;q14.3) translocation which segregates with schizophrenia and related psychiatric disorders in a large Scottish family. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NID1 | nidogen 1|This gene encodes a member of the nidogen family of basement membrane glycoproteins. The protein interacts with several other components of basement membranes, and may play a role in cell interactions with the extracellular matrix. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NMBR | neuromedin B receptor|Neuromedin B receptor binds neuromedin B, a potent mitogen and growth factor for normal and neoplastic lung and for gastrointestinal epithelial tissue. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TLDC1 | TBC/LysM-associated domain containing 1| |
| TACSTD2 | tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2|This intronless gene encodes a carcinoma-associated antigen. This antigen is a cell surface receptor that transduces calcium signals. Mutations of this gene have been associated with gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| KPNA2 | karyopherin alpha 2 (RAG cohort 1, importin alpha 1)|The import of proteins into the nucleus is a process that involves at least 2 steps. The first is an energy-independent docking of the protein to the nuclear envelope and the second is an energy-dependent translocation through the nuclear pore complex. Imported proteins require a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) which generally consists of a short region of basic amino acids or 2 such regions spaced about 10 amino acids apart. Proteins involved in the first step of nuclear import have been identified in different systems. These include the Xenopus protein importin and its yeast homolog, SRP1 (a suppressor of certain temperature-sensitive mutations of RNA polymerase I in Saccharomyces cerevisiae), which bind to the NLS. KPNA2 protein interacts with the NLSs of DNA helicase Q1 and SV40 T antigen and may be involved in the nuclear transport of proteins. KPNA2 also may play a role in V(D)J recombination [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| INCENP | inner centromere protein antigens 135/155kDa|In mammalian cells, 2 broad groups of centromere-interacting proteins have been described: constitutively binding centromere proteins and 'passenger,' or transiently interacting, proteins (reviewed by Choo, 1997). The constitutive proteins include CENPA (centromere protein A; MIM 117139), CENPB (MIM 117140), CENPC1 (MIM 117141), and CENPD (MIM 117142). The term 'passenger proteins' encompasses a broad collection of proteins that localize to the centromere during specific stages of the cell cycle (Earnshaw and Mackay, 1994 [PubMed 8088460]). These include CENPE (MIM 117143); MCAK (MIM 604538); KID (MIM 603213); cytoplasmic dynein (e.g., MIM 600112); CliPs (e.g., MIM 179838); and CENPF/mitosin (MIM 600236). The inner centromere proteins (INCENPs) (Earnshaw and Cooke, 1991 [PubMed 1860899]), the initial members of the passenger protein group, display a broad localization along chromosomes in the early stages of mitosis but gradually become concentrated at centromeres as the cell cycle progresses into mid-metaphase. During telophase, the proteins are located within the midbody in the intercellular bridge, where they are discarded after cytokinesis (Cutts et al., 1999 [PubMed 10369859]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| FARP2 | FERM, RhoGEF and pleckstrin domain protein 2| |
| KPNA1 | karyopherin alpha 1 (importin alpha 5)|The transport of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells is mediated by the nuclear pore complex (NPC), which consists of 60-100 proteins. Small molecules (up to 70 kD) can pass through the nuclear pore by nonselective diffusion while larger molecules are transported by an active process. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the importin alpha family, and is involved in nuclear protein import. This protein interacts with the recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) protein and is a putative substrate of the RAG1 ubiquitin ligase. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| FARP1 | FERM, RhoGEF (ARHGEF) and pleckstrin domain protein 1 (chondrocyte-derived)|This gene encodes a protein containing a FERM (4.2, exrin, radixin, moesin) domain, a Dbl homology domain, and two pleckstrin homology domains. These domains are found in guanine nucleotide exchange factors and proteins that link the cytoskeleton to the cell membrane. The encoded protein functions in neurons to promote dendritic growth. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| C9orf40 | chromosome 9 open reading frame 40| |
| C9orf41 | chromosome 9 open reading frame 41| |
| ZBTB26 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 26| |
| C9orf43 | chromosome 9 open reading frame 43| |
| DLL1 | delta-like 1 (Drosophila)|DLL1 is a human homolog of the Notch Delta ligand and is a member of the delta/serrate/jagged family. It plays a role in mediating cell fate decisions during hematopoiesis. It may play a role in cell-to-cell communication. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CRAT | carnitine O-acetyltransferase|This gene encodes carnitine acetyltransferase (CRAT), which is a key enzyme in the metabolic pathway in mitochondria, peroxisomes and endoplasmic reticulum. CRAT catalyzes the reversible transfer of acyl groups from an acyl-CoA thioester to carnitine and regulates the ratio of acylCoA/CoA in the subcellular compartments. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| AKR1B10 | aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B10 (aldose reductase)|This gene encodes a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and proteins. This member can efficiently reduce aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes, and it is less active on hexoses. It is highly expressed in adrenal gland, small intestine, and colon, and may play an important role in liver carcinogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BTG3 | BTG family, member 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the BTG/Tob family. This family has structurally related proteins that appear to have antiproliferative properties. This encoded protein might play a role in neurogenesis in the central nervous system. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| CRYBB2 | crystallin, beta B2|Crystallins are separated into two classes: taxon-specific, or enzyme, and ubiquitous. The latter class constitutes the major proteins of vertebrate eye lens and maintains the transparency and refractive index of the lens. Since lens central fiber cells lose their nuclei during development, these crystallins are made and then retained throughout life, making them extremely stable proteins. Mammalian lens crystallins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma families; beta and gamma crystallins are also considered as a superfamily. Alpha and beta families are further divided into acidic and basic groups. Seven protein regions exist in crystallins: four homologous motifs, a connecting peptide, and N- and C-terminal extensions. Beta-crystallins, the most heterogeneous, differ by the presence of the C-terminal extension (present in the basic group, none in the acidic group). Beta-crystallins form aggregates of different sizes and are able to self-associate to form dimers or to form heterodimers with other beta-crystallins. This gene, a beta basic group member, is part of a gene cluster with beta-A4, beta-B1, and beta-B3. A chain-terminating mutation was found to cause type 2 cerulean cataracts. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SOSTDC1 | sclerostin domain containing 1|This gene is a member of the sclerostin family and encodes an N-glycosylated, secreted protein with a C-terminal cystine knot-like domain. This protein functions as a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist. Specifically, it directly associates with BMPs, prohibiting them from binding their receptors, thereby regulating BMP signaling during cellular proliferation, differentiation, and programmed cell death. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LHX3 | LIM homeobox 3|This gene encodes a member a large protein family which carry the LIM domain, a unique cysteine-rich zinc-binding domain. The encoded protein is a transcription factor that is required for pituitary development and motor neuron specification. Mutations in this gene cause combined pituitary hormone deficiency 3. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| SNAP47 | synaptosomal-associated protein, 47kDa| |
| DEPDC1 | DEP domain containing 1| |
| DEPDC7 | DEP domain containing 7| |
| DEPDC5 | DEP domain containing 5|This gene encodes a member of the IML1 family of proteins involved in G-protein signaling pathways. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway regulates cell growth by sensing the availability of nutrients. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the GATOR1 (GAP activity toward Rags) complex which inhibits the amino acid-sensing branch of the mTORC1 pathway. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal dominant familial focal epilepsy with variable foci. A single nucleotide polymorphism in an intron of this gene has been associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in individuals with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| EEF1E1 | eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 epsilon 1|This gene encodes a multifunctional protein that localizes to both the cytoplasm and nucleus. In the cytoplasm, the encoded protein is an auxiliary component of the macromolecular aminoacyl-tRNA synthase complex. However, its mouse homolog has been shown to translocate to the nucleus in response to DNA damage, and it plays a positive role in ATM/ATR-mediated p53 activation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the neighboring downstream MUTED (muted homolog) gene. An EEF1E1-related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| PSMB10 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, beta type, 10|The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered ring-shaped 20S core structure. The core structure is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes a member of the proteasome B-type family, also known as the T1B family, that is a 20S core beta subunit. Proteolytic processing is required to generate a mature subunit. Expression of this gene is induced by gamma interferon, and this gene product replaces catalytic subunit 2 (proteasome beta 7 subunit) in the immunoproteasome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CABIN1 | calcineurin binding protein 1|Calcineurin plays an important role in the T-cell receptor-mediated signal transduction pathway. The protein encoded by this gene binds specifically to the activated form of calcineurin and inhibits calcineurin-mediated signal transduction. The encoded protein is found in the nucleus and contains a leucine zipper domain as well as several PEST motifs, sequences which confer targeted degradation to those proteins which contain them. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding two different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| SCYL2 | SCY1-like 2 (S. cerevisiae)| |
| SCYL3 | SCY1-like 3 (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a protein with a kinase domain and four HEAT repeats. The encoded protein interacts with the C-terminal domain of ezrin, an ERM protein, and may play a role in cell adhesion and migration. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| SCYL1 | SCY1-like 1 (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a transcriptional regulator belonging to the SCY1-like family of kinase-like proteins. The protein has a divergent N-terminal kinase domain that is thought to be catalytically inactive, and can bind specific DNA sequences through its C-terminal domain. It activates transcription of the telomerase reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase beta genes. The protein has been localized to the nucleus, and also to the cytoplasm and centrosomes during mitosis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STXBP1 | syntaxin binding protein 1|This gene encodes a syntaxin-binding protein. The encoded protein appears to play a role in release of neurotransmitters via regulation of syntaxin, a transmembrane attachment protein receptor. Mutations in this gene have been associated with infantile epileptic encephalopathy-4. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| STXBP3 | syntaxin binding protein 3| |
| STXBP2 | syntaxin binding protein 2|This gene encodes a member of the STXBP/unc-18/SEC1 family. The encoded protein is involved in intracellular trafficking, control of SNARE (soluble NSF attachment protein receptor) complex assembly, and the release of cytotoxic granules by natural killer cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| STXBP5 | syntaxin binding protein 5 (tomosyn)|Syntaxin 1 is a component of the 7S and 20S SNARE complexes which are involved in docking and fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane. This gene encodes a syntaxin 1 binding protein. In rat, a similar protein dissociates syntaxin 1 from the Munc18/n-Sec1/rbSec1 complex to form a 10S complex, an intermediate which can be converted to the 7S SNARE complex. Thus this protein is thought to be involved in neurotransmitter release by stimulating SNARE complex formation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STXBP4 | syntaxin binding protein 4| |
| STXBP6 | syntaxin binding protein 6 (amisyn)|STXBP6 binds components of the SNARE complex (see MIM 603215) and may be involved in regulating SNARE complex formation (Scales et al., 2002 [PubMed 12145319]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| OSTM1 | osteopetrosis associated transmembrane protein 1|This gene encodes a protein that may be involved in the degradation of G proteins via the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome pathway. The encoded protein binds to members of subfamily A of the regulator of the G-protein signaling (RGS) family through an N-terminal leucine-rich region. This protein also has a central RING finger-like domain and E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. This protein is highly conserved from flies to humans. Defects in this gene may cause the autosomal recessive, infantile malignant form of osteopetrosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CYP1B1 | cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily B, polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. The enzyme encoded by this gene localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and metabolizes procarcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 17beta-estradiol. Mutations in this gene have been associated with primary congenital glaucoma; therefore it is thought that the enzyme also metabolizes a signaling molecule involved in eye development, possibly a steroid. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DAW1 | dynein assembly factor with WDR repeat domains 1| |
| SKP1 | S-phase kinase-associated protein 1|This gene encodes a component of SCF complexes, which are composed of this protein, cullin 1, a ring-box protein, and one member of the F-box family of proteins. This protein binds directly to the F-box motif found in F-box proteins. SCF complexes are involved in the regulated ubiquitination of specific protein substrates, which targets them for degradation by the proteosome. Specific F-box proteins recognize different target protein(s), and many specific SCF substrates have been identified including regulators of cell cycle progression and development. Studies have also characterized the protein as an RNA polymerase II elongation factor. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 7. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| S1PR3 | sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3|This gene encodes a member of the EDG family of receptors, which are G protein-coupled receptors. This protein has been identified as a functional receptor for sphingosine 1-phosphate and likely contributes to the regulation of angiogenesis and vascular endothelial cell function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| S1PR2 | sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2|This gene encodes a member of the G protein-coupled receptors, as well as the EDG family of proteins. This protein participates in sphingosine 1-phosphate-induced cell proliferation, survival, and transcriptional activation [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| S1PR1 | sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1|The protein encoded by this gene is structurally similar to G protein-coupled receptors and is highly expressed in endothelial cells. It binds the ligand sphingosine-1-phosphate with high affinity and high specificity, and suggested to be involved in the processes that regulate the differentiation of endothelial cells. Activation of this receptor induces cell-cell adhesion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NOC2L | nucleolar complex associated 2 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|Histone modification by histone acetyltransferases (HAT) and histone deacetylases (HDAC) can control major aspects of transcriptional regulation. NOC2L represents a novel HDAC-independent inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase (INHAT) (Hublitz et al., 2005 [PubMed 16322561]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| OR4D6 | olfactory receptor, family 4, subfamily D, member 6|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| S1PR4 | sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 4|This gene is a member of the endothelial differentiation, G-protein-coupled (EDG)) receptor gene family. EDG receptors bind lysophospholipids or lysosphingolipids as ligands, and are involved in cell signalling in many different cell types. This EDG receptor gene is intronless and is specifically expressed in the lymphoid tissue. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FANCG | Fanconi anemia, complementation group G|The Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ (also called BRIP1), FANCL, FANCM and FANCN (also called PALB2). The previously defined group FANCH is the same as FANCA. Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by cytogenetic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair. The members of the Fanconi anemia complementation group do not share sequence similarity; they are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex. This gene encodes the protein for complementation group G. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FANCF | Fanconi anemia, complementation group F|The Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ (also called BRIP1), FANCL, FANCM and FANCN (also called PALB2). The previously defined group FANCH is the same as FANCA. Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by cytogenetic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair. The members of the Fanconi anemia complementation group do not share sequence similarity; they are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex. This gene encodes the protein for complementation group F. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FANCE | Fanconi anemia, complementation group E|The Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ (also called BRIP1), FANCL, FANCM and FANCN (also called PALB2). The previously defined group FANCH is the same as FANCA. Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by cytogenetic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair. The members of the Fanconi anemia complementation group do not share sequence similarity; they are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex. This gene encodes the protein for complementation group E. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FANCC | Fanconi anemia, complementation group C|The Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ (also called BRIP1), FANCL, FANCM and FANCN (also called PALB2). The previously defined group FANCH is the same as FANCA. Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by cytogenetic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair. The members of the Fanconi anemia complementation group do not share sequence similarity; they are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex. This gene encodes the protein for complementation group C. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FANCB | Fanconi anemia, complementation group B|The Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ (also called BRIP1), FANCL, FANCM and FANCN (also called PALB2). The previously defined group FANCH is the same as FANCA. Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by cytogenetic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair. The members of the Fanconi anemia complementation group do not share sequence similarity; they are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex. This gene encodes the protein for complementation group B. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FANCA | Fanconi anemia, complementation group A|The Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ (also called BRIP1), FANCL, FANCM and FANCN (also called PALB2). The previously defined group FANCH is the same as FANCA. Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by cytogenetic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair. The members of the Fanconi anemia complementation group do not share sequence similarity; they are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex. This gene encodes the protein for complementation group A. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Mutations in this gene are the most common cause of Fanconi anemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HNRNPAB | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A/B|This gene belongs to the subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are produced by RNA polymerase II and are components of the heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) complexes. They are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene, which binds to one of the components of the multiprotein editosome complex, has two repeats of quasi-RRM (RNA recognition motif) domains that bind to RNAs. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FANCM | Fanconi anemia, complementation group M|The Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ (also called BRIP1), FANCL, FANCM and FANCN (also called PALB2). The previously defined group FANCH is the same as FANCA. Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by cytogenetic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair. The members of the Fanconi anemia complementation group do not share sequence similarity; they are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex. This gene encodes the protein for complementation group M. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| FANCL | Fanconi anemia, complementation group L|The Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ (also called BRIP1), FANCL, FANCM and FANCN (also called PALB2). The previously defined group FANCH is the same as FANCA. Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by cytogenetic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair. The members of the Fanconi anemia complementation group do not share sequence similarity; they are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex. This gene encodes the protein for complementation group L. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HAS1 | hyaluronan synthase 1|Hyaluronan or hyaluronic acid (HA) is a high molecular weight unbranched polysaccharide synthesized by a wide variety of organisms from bacteria to mammals, and is a constituent of the extracellular matrix. It consists of alternating glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine residues that are linked by beta-1-3 and beta-1-4 glycosidic bonds. HA is synthesized by membrane-bound synthase at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, and the chains are extruded through pore-like structures into the extracellular space. It serves a variety of functions, including space filling, lubrication of joints, and provision of a matrix through which cells can migrate. HA is actively produced during wound healing and tissue repair to provide a framework for ingrowth of blood vessels and fibroblasts. Changes in the serum concentration of HA are associated with inflammatory and degenerative arthropathies such as rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, the interaction of HA with the leukocyte receptor CD44 is important in tissue-specific homing by leukocytes, and overexpression of HA receptors has been correlated with tumor metastasis. HAS1 is a member of the newly identified vertebrate gene family encoding putative hyaluronan synthases, and its amino acid sequence shows significant homology to the hasA gene product of Streptococcus pyogenes, a glycosaminoglycan synthetase (DG42) from Xenopus laevis, and a recently described murine hyaluronan synthase. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| HAS2 | hyaluronan synthase 2|Hyaluronan or hyaluronic acid (HA) is a high molecular weight unbranched polysaccharide synthesized by a wide variety of organisms from bacteria to mammals, and is a constituent of the extracellular matrix. It consists of alternating glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine residues that are linked by beta-1-3 and beta-1-4 glycosidic bonds. HA is synthesized by membrane-bound synthase at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, and the chains are extruded through pore-like structures into the extracellular space. It serves a variety of functions, including space filling, lubrication of joints, and provision of a matrix through which cells can migrate. HA is actively produced during wound healing and tissue repair to provide a framework for ingrowth of blood vessels and fibroblasts. Changes in the serum concentration of HA are associated with inflammatory and degenerative arthropathies such as rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, the interaction of HA with the leukocyte receptor CD44 is important in tissue-specific homing by leukocytes, and overexpression of HA receptors has been correlated with tumor metastasis. HAS2 is a member of the newly identified vertebrate gene family encoding putative hyaluronan synthases, and its amino acid sequence shows significant homology to glycosaminoglycan synthetase (DG42) from Xenopus laevis, and human and murine hyaluronan synthase 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HAS3 | hyaluronan synthase 3|The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the synthesis of the unbranched glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan, or hyaluronic acid, which is a major constituent of the extracellular matrix. This gene is a member of the NODC/HAS gene family. Compared to the proteins encoded by other members of this gene family, this protein appears to be more of a regulator of hyaluronan synthesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| CA5B | carbonic anhydrase VB, mitochondrial|Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. They show extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. CA VB is localized in the mitochondria and shows the highest sequence similarity to the other mitochondrial CA, CA VA. It has a wider tissue distribution than CA VA, which is restricted to the liver. The differences in tissue distribution suggest that the two mitochondrial carbonic anhydrases evolved to assume different physiologic roles. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CA5A | carbonic anhydrase VA, mitochondrial|Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. They show extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. CA VA is localized in the mitochondria and expressed primarily in the liver. It may play an important role in ureagenesis and gluconeogenesis. CA5A gene maps to chromosome 16q24.3 and an unprocessed pseudogene has been assigned to 16p12-p11.2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIAA1671 | KIAA1671| |
| F13B | coagulation factor XIII, B polypeptide|This gene encodes coagulation factor XIII B subunit. Coagulation factor XIII is the last zymogen to become activated in the blood coagulation cascade. Plasma factor XIII is a heterotetramer composed of 2 A subunits and 2 B subunits. The A subunits have catalytic function, and the B subunits do not have enzymatic activity and may serve as a plasma carrier molecules. Platelet factor XIII is comprised only of 2 A subunits, which are identical to those of plasma origin. Upon activation by the cleavage of the activation peptide by thrombin and in the presence of calcium ion, the plasma factor XIII dissociates its B subunits and yields the same active enzyme, factor XIIIa, as platelet factor XIII. This enzyme acts as a transglutaminase to catalyze the formation of gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine crosslinking between fibrin molecules, thus stabilizing the fibrin clot. Factor XIII deficiency is classified into two categories: type I deficiency, characterized by the lack of both the A and B subunits; and type II deficiency, characterized by the lack of the A subunit alone. These defects can result in a lifelong bleeding tendency, defective wound healing, and habitual abortion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HNRNPA3 | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A3| |
| HNRNPA0 | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A0|This gene belongs to the A/B subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene has two repeats of quasi-RRM domains that bind RNAs, followed by a glycine-rich C-terminus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HNRNPA1 | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1|This gene belongs to the A/B subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene has two repeats of quasi-RRM domains that bind to RNAs. It is one of the most abundant core proteins of hnRNP complexes and it is localized to the nucleoplasm. This protein, along with other hnRNP proteins, is exported from the nucleus, probably bound to mRNA, and is immediately re-imported. Its M9 domain acts as both a nuclear localization and nuclear export signal. The encoded protein is involved in the packaging of pre-mRNA into hnRNP particles, transport of poly A+ mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and may modulate splice site selection. It is also thought have a primary role in the formation of specific myometrial protein species in parturition. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene but only two transcripts are fully described. These variants have multiple alternative transcription initiation sites and multiple polyA sites. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARSF | arylsulfatase F|This gene is a member of the sulfatase family, and more specifically, the arylsulfatase subfamily. Members of the subfamily share similarity in sequence and splice sites, and are clustered together on chromosome X, suggesting that they are derived from recent gene duplication events. Sulfatases are essential for the correct composition of bone and cartilage matrix. The activity of this protein, unlike that of arylsulfatase E, is not inhibited by warfarin. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| MSH3 | mutS homolog 3|The protein encoded by this gene forms a heterodimer with MSH2 to form MutS beta, part of the post-replicative DNA mismatch repair system. MutS beta initiates mismatch repair by binding to a mismatch and then forming a complex with MutL alpha heterodimer. This gene contains a polymorphic 9 bp tandem repeat sequence in the first exon. The repeat is present 6 times in the reference genome sequence and 3-7 repeats have been reported. Defects in this gene are a cause of susceptibility to endometrial cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| DMXL1 | Dmx-like 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the WD repeat superfamily of proteins, which have regulatory functions. This gene is expressed in many tissue types including several types of eye tissue, and it has been associated with ocular phenotypes. In addition, it is upregulated in cultured cells that overexpress growth factor independence 1B, a transcription factor that is essential for hematopoietic cell development. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| SLC18A3 | solute carrier family 18 (vesicular acetylcholine transporter), member 3|This gene is a member of the vesicular amine transporter family. The encoded transmembrane protein transports acetylcholine into secretory vesicles for release into the extracellular space. Acetylcholine transport utilizes a proton gradient established by a vacuolar ATPase. This gene is located within the first intron of the choline acetyltransferase gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MIF | macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor)|This gene encodes a lymphokine involved in cell-mediated immunity, immunoregulation, and inflammation. It plays a role in the regulation of macrophage function in host defense through the suppression of anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. This lymphokine and the JAB1 protein form a complex in the cytosol near the peripheral plasma membrane, which may indicate an additional role in integrin signaling pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EXOC6 | exocyst complex component 6|The product of this gene belongs to the SEC15 family. It is highly similar to the protein encoded by Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEC15 gene. This protein is essential for vesicular traffic from the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface in yeast. It is one of the components of a multiprotein complex required for exocytosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MC5R | melanocortin 5 receptor|This gene encodes a member of the seven-pass transmembrane G protein-coupled melanocortin receptor protein family that stimulate cAMP signal transduction. The encoded protein is a receptor for melanocyte-stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone and is suggested to play a role in sebum generation. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| KNSTRN | kinetochore-localized astrin/SPAG5 binding protein| |
| NR2C1 | nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group C, member 1|This gene encodes a nuclear hormone receptor characterized by a highly conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable hinge region, and a carboxy-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD) that is typical for all members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. This protein also belongs to a large family of ligand-inducible transcription factors that regulate gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences within promoters of target genes. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM30B | transmembrane protein 30B| |
| LRRFIP1 | leucine rich repeat (in FLII) interacting protein 1| |
| LRRFIP2 | leucine rich repeat (in FLII) interacting protein 2| |
| GOLT1B | golgi transport 1B| |
| IRS4 | insulin receptor substrate 4|IRS4 encodes the insulin receptor substrate 4, a cytoplasmic protein that contains many potential tyrosine and serine/threonine phosphorylation sites. Tyrosine-phosphorylated IRS4 protein has been shown to associate with cytoplasmic signalling molecules that contain SH2 domains. The IRS4 protein is phosphorylated by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase upon receptor stimulation.. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EXOC5 | exocyst complex component 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the exocyst complex, a multiple protein complex essential for targeting exocytic vesicles to specific docking sites on the plasma membrane. Though best characterized in yeast, the component proteins and functions of exocyst complex have been demonstrated to be highly conserved in higher eukaryotes. At least eight components of the exocyst complex, including this protein, are found to interact with the actin cytoskeletal remodeling and vesicle transport machinery. The complex is also essential for the biogenesis of epithelial cell surface polarity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IRS1 | insulin receptor substrate 1|This gene encodes a protein which is phosphorylated by insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. Mutations in this gene are associated with type II diabetes and susceptibility to insulin resistance. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| IRS2 | insulin receptor substrate 2|This gene encodes the insulin receptor substrate 2, a cytoplasmic signaling molecule that mediates effects of insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, and other cytokines by acting as a molecular adaptor between diverse receptor tyrosine kinases and downstream effectors. The product of this gene is phosphorylated by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase upon receptor stimulation, as well as by an interleukin 4 receptor-associated kinase in response to IL4 treatment. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HOXA7 | homeobox A7|In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. Expression of these proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor which may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. For example, the encoded protein represses the transcription of differentiation-specific genes during keratinocyte proliferation, but this repression is then overcome by differentiation signals. This gene is highly similar to the antennapedia (Antp) gene of Drosophila. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRAPPC6A | trafficking protein particle complex 6A|This gene encodes a component of the trafficking protein particle complex, which tethers transport vesicles to the cis-Golgi membrane. Loss of expression of the related gene in mouse affects coat and eye pigmentation, suggesting that the encoded protein may be involved in melanosome biogenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| HOXA5 | homeobox A5|In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. Expression of these proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor which may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. Methylation of this gene may result in the loss of its expression and, since the encoded protein upregulates the tumor suppressor p53, this protein may play an important role in tumorigenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDK3 | cyclin-dependent kinase 3|This gene encodes a member of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase family. The protein promotes entry into S phase, in part by activating members of the E2F family of transcription factors. The protein also associates with cyclin C and phosphorylates the retinoblastoma 1 protein to promote exit from G0. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HOXA3 | homeobox A3|In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. Expression of these proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor which may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HOXA2 | homeobox A2|In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. Expression of these proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor which may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. The encoded protein may be involved in the placement of hindbrain segments in the proper location along the anterior-posterior axis during development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDK6 | cyclin-dependent kinase 6|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) family. CDK family members are highly similar to the gene products of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc28, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc2, and are known to be important regulators of cell cycle progression. This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression and G1/S transition. The activity of this kinase first appears in mid-G1 phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits including D-type cyclins and members of INK4 family of CDK inhibitors. This kinase, as well as CDK4, has been shown to phosphorylate, and thus regulate the activity of, tumor suppressor protein Rb. Expression of this gene is up-regulated in some types of cancer. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| CDK7 | cyclin-dependent kinase 7|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) family. CDK family members are highly similar to the gene products of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc28, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc2, and are known to be important regulators of cell cycle progression. This protein forms a trimeric complex with cyclin H and MAT1, which functions as a Cdk-activating kinase (CAK). It is an essential component of the transcription factor TFIIH, that is involved in transcription initiation and DNA repair. This protein is thought to serve as a direct link between the regulation of transcription and the cell cycle. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDK8 | cyclin-dependent kinase 8|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) family. CDK family members are highly similar to the gene products of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc28, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc2, and are known to be important regulators of cell cycle progression. This kinase and its regulatory subunit cyclin C are components of the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex, which phosphorylates the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. This kinase has also been shown to regulate transcription by targeting the CDK7/cyclin H subunits of the general transcription initiation factor IIH (TFIIH), thus providing a link between the 'Mediator-like' protein complexes and the basal transcription machinery. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDK9 | cyclin-dependent kinase 9|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) family. CDK family members are highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28, and S. pombe cdc2, and known as important cell cycle regulators. This kinase was found to be a component of the multiprotein complex TAK/P-TEFb, which is an elongation factor for RNA polymerase II-directed transcription and functions by phosphorylating the C-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. This protein forms a complex with and is regulated by its regulatory subunit cyclin T or cyclin K. HIV-1 Tat protein was found to interact with this protein and cyclin T, which suggested a possible involvement of this protein in AIDS. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LPAR1 | lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1|The integral membrane protein encoded by this gene is a lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor from a group known as EDG receptors. These receptors are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. Utilized by LPA for cell signaling, EDG receptors mediate diverse biologic functions, including proliferation, platelet aggregation, smooth muscle contraction, inhibition of neuroblastoma cell differentiation, chemotaxis, and tumor cell invasion. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HAPLN1 | hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1| |
| ARMCX5 | armadillo repeat containing, X-linked 5| |
| HOXA9 | homeobox A9|In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. Expression of these proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor which may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. This gene is highly similar to the abdominal-B (Abd-B) gene of Drosophila. A specific translocation event which causes a fusion between this gene and the NUP98 gene has been associated with myeloid leukemogenesis. Read-through transcription exists between this gene and the upstream homeobox A10 (HOXA10) gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| RAP2B | RAP2B, member of RAS oncogene family|This intronless gene belongs to a family of RAS-related genes. The proteins encoded by these genes share approximately 50% amino acid identity with the classical RAS proteins and have numerous structural features in common. The most striking difference between the RAP and RAS proteins resides in their 61st amino acid: glutamine in RAS is replaced by threonine in RAP proteins. Evidence suggests that this protein may be polyisoprenylated and palmitoylated. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM188A | family with sequence similarity 188, member A|C10ORF97 is a member of the caspase-associated recruitment domain (CARD) family of proteins that play a role in apoptosis (Liu et al., 2002 [PubMed 12054670]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PRSS3P2 | protease, serine, 3 pseudogene 2|Although this locus appears to encode a protein similar to trypsinogen, the locus is thought to be a transcribed pseudogene. ESTs support its transcription, but expression of its predicted protein has not been observed. Its predicted protein sequence differs significantly from the known functional trypsinogens, including a different amino acid at the conserved residue 122 which is important for autolysis. This pseudogene and several other trypsinogen genes are localized to the T cell receptor beta locus on chromosome 7. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CEP55 | centrosomal protein 55kDa| |
| SPECC1 | sperm antigen with calponin homology and coiled-coil domains 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cytospin-A family. It is localized in the nucleus, and highly expressed in testis and some cancer cell lines. A chromosomal translocation involving this gene and platelet-derived growth factor receptor, beta gene (PDGFRB) may be a cause of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| LIMS2 | LIM and senescent cell antigen-like domains 2|This gene encodes a member of a small family of focal adhesion proteins which interacts with ILK (integrin-linked kinase), a protein which effects protein-protein interactions with the extraceullar matrix. The encoded protein has five LIM domains, each domain forming two zinc fingers, which permit interactions which regulate cell shape and migration. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 4. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| RAP2A | RAP2A, member of RAS oncogene family| |
| ARSJ | arylsulfatase family, member J|Sulfatases (EC 3.1.5.6), such as ARSJ, hydrolyze sulfate esters from sulfated steroids, carbohydrates, proteoglycans, and glycolipids. They are involved in hormone biosynthesis, modulation of cell signaling, and degradation of macromolecules (Sardiello et al., 2005 [PubMed 16174644]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| HMGCL | 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the HMG-CoA lyase family. It is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the final step of leucine degradation and plays a key role in ketone body formation. Mutations in this gene are associated with HMG-CoA lyase deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| RBMX | RNA binding motif protein, X-linked|This gene belongs to the RBMY gene family which includes candidate Y chromosome spermatogenesis genes. This gene, an active X chromosome homolog of the Y chromosome RBMY gene, is widely expressed whereas the RBMY gene evolved a male-specific function in spermatogenesis. Pseudogenes of this gene, found on chromosomes 1, 4, 9, 11, and 6, were likely derived by retrotransposition from the original gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. A snoRNA gene (SNORD61) is found in one of its introns. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| HDC | histidine decarboxylase|This gene encodes a member of the group II decarboxylase family and forms a homodimer that converts L-histidine to histamine in a pyridoxal phosphate dependent manner. Histamine regulates several physiologic processes, including neurotransmission, gastric acid secretion,inflamation, and smooth muscle tone.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| RERE | arginine-glutamic acid dipeptide (RE) repeats|This gene encodes a member of the atrophin family of arginine-glutamic acid (RE) dipeptide repeat-containing proteins. The encoded protein co-localizes with a transcription factor in the nucleus, and its overexpression triggers apoptosis. A similar protein in mouse associates with histone deacetylase and is thought to function as a transcriptional co-repressor during embryonic development. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RERG | RAS-like, estrogen-regulated, growth inhibitor|RERG, a member of the RAS superfamily of GTPases, inhibits cell proliferation and tumor formation (Finlin et al., 2001 [PubMed 11533059]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2009] |
| DMBX1 | diencephalon/mesencephalon homeobox 1|This gene encodes a member of the bicoid sub-family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors. The encoded protein acts as a transcription factor and may play a role in brain and sensory organ development. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RGL1 | ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 1| |
| RGL3 | ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 3| |
| SUN1 | Sad1 and UNC84 domain containing 1|This gene is a member of the unc-84 homolog family and encodes a nuclear nuclear envelope protein with an Unc84 (SUN) domain. The protein is involved in nuclear anchorage and migration. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| RGL4 | ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 4| |
| SUN5 | Sad1 and UNC84 domain containing 5| |
| HSPD1 | heat shock 60kDa protein 1 (chaperonin)|This gene encodes a member of the chaperonin family. The encoded mitochondrial protein may function as a signaling molecule in the innate immune system. This protein is essential for the folding and assembly of newly imported proteins in the mitochondria. This gene is adjacent to a related family member and the region between the 2 genes functions as a bidirectional promoter. Several pseudogenes have been associated with this gene. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene. Mutations associated with this gene cause autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia 13. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| ANK3 | ankyrin 3, node of Ranvier (ankyrin G)|Ankyrins are a family of proteins that are believed to link the integral membrane proteins to the underlying spectrin-actin cytoskeleton and play key roles in activities such as cell motility, activation, proliferation, contact, and the maintenance of specialized membrane domains. Multiple isoforms of ankyrin with different affinities for various target proteins are expressed in a tissue-specific, developmentally regulated manner. Most ankyrins are typically composed of three structural domains: an amino-terminal domain containing multiple ankyrin repeats; a central region with a highly conserved spectrin binding domain; and a carboxy-terminal regulatory domain which is the least conserved and subject to variation. Ankyrin 3 is an immunologically distinct gene product from ankyrins 1 and 2, and was originally found at the axonal initial segment and nodes of Ranvier of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| NARFL | nuclear prelamin A recognition factor-like| |
| MTX2 | metaxin 2|The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to the metaxin 2 protein from mouse, which has been shown to interact with the mitochondrial membrane protein metaxin 1. Because of this similarity, it is thought that the encoded protein is peripherally associated with the cytosolic face of the outer mitochondrial membrane, and that it is involved in the import of proteins into the mitochondrion. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 7. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| MTX1 | metaxin 1| |
| AMD1 | adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1|This gene encodes an important intermediate enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis. The polyamines spermine, spermidine, and putrescine are low-molecular-weight aliphatic amines essential for cellular proliferation and tumor promotion. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 5, 6, 10, X and Y. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| PRKCI | protein kinase C, iota|This gene encodes a member of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. The PKC family comprises at least eight members, which are differentially expressed and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes. This protein kinase is calcium-independent and phospholipid-dependent. It is not activated by phorbolesters or diacylglycerol. This kinase can be recruited to vesicle tubular clusters (VTCs) by direct interaction with the small GTPase RAB2, where this kinase phosphorylates glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD/GAPDH) and plays a role in microtubule dynamics in the early secretory pathway. This kinase is found to be necessary for BCL-ABL-mediated resistance to drug-induced apoptosis and therefore protects leukemia cells against drug-induced apoptosis. There is a single exon pseudogene mapped on chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRKCH | protein kinase C, eta|Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by calcium and the second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. PKC family members also serve as major receptors for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters. Each member of the PKC family has a specific expression profile and is believed to play a distinct role in cells. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the PKC family members. It is a calcium-independent and phospholipids-dependent protein kinase. It is predominantly expressed in epithelial tissues and has been shown to reside specifically in the cell nucleus. This protein kinase can regulate keratinocyte differentiation by activating the MAP kinase MAPK13 (p38delta)-activated protein kinase cascade that targets CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA). It is also found to mediate the transcription activation of the transglutaminase 1 (TGM1) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPGRIP1 | retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator interacting protein 1|This gene encodes a photoreceptor protein that interacts with retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator protein and is a key component of cone and rod photoreceptor cells. Mutations in this gene lead to autosomal recessive congenital blindness. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| PRKCA | protein kinase C, alpha|Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by calcium and the second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. PKC family members also serve as major receptors for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters. Each member of the PKC family has a specific expression profile and is believed to play a distinct role in cells. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the PKC family members. This kinase has been reported to play roles in many different cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, cell transformation, cell cycle checkpoint, and cell volume control. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this kinase may be a fundamental regulator of cardiac contractility and Ca(2+) handling in myocytes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATP10A | ATPase, class V, type 10A|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of aminophospholipid-transporting ATPases. The aminophospholipid translocases transport phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine from one side of a bilayer to another. This gene is maternally expressed. It maps within the most common interval of deletion responsible for Angelman syndrome, also known as 'happy puppet syndrome'. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WNT16 | wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 16|The WNT gene family consists of structurally related genes which encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. This gene is a member of the WNT gene family. It contains two transcript variants diverging at the 5' termini. These two variants are proposed to be the products of separate promoters and not to be splice variants from a single promoter. They are differentially expressed in normal tissues, one of which (variant 2) is expressed at significant levels only in the pancreas, whereas another one (variant 1) is expressed more ubiquitously with highest levels in adult kidney, placenta, brain, heart, and spleen. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CHRNE | cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, epsilon (muscle)|Acetylcholine receptors at mature mammalian neuromuscular junctions are pentameric protein complexes composed of four subunits in the ratio of two alpha subunits to one beta, one epsilon, and one delta subunit. The acetylcholine receptor changes subunit composition shortly after birth when the epsilon subunit replaces the gamma subunit seen in embryonic receptors. Mutations in the epsilon subunit are associated with congenital myasthenic syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| ATP10D | ATPase, class V, type 10D| |
| PRKCD | protein kinase C, delta|Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by calcium and the second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. PKC family members also serve as major receptors for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters. Each member of the PKC family has a specific expression profile and is believed to play distinct roles in cells. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the PKC family members. Studies both in human and mice demonstrate that this kinase is involved in B cell signaling and in the regulation of growth, apoptosis, and differentiation of a variety of cell types. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRKCG | protein kinase C, gamma|Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by calcium and second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. PKC also serve as major receptors for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters. Each member of the PKC family has a specific expression profile and is believed to play distinct roles in cells. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the PKC family members. This protein kinase is expressed solely in the brain and spinal cord and its localization is restricted to neurons. It has been demonstrated that several neuronal functions, including long term potentiation (LTP) and long term depression (LTD), specifically require this kinase. Knockout studies in mice also suggest that this kinase may be involved in neuropathic pain development. Defects in this protein have been associated with neurodegenerative disorder spinocerebellar ataxia-14 (SCA14). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HIST1H3B | histone cluster 1, H3b|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. This structure consists of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a nucleosome, an octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H3 family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails; instead, they contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the large histone gene cluster on chromosome 6p22-p21.3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRKCZ | protein kinase C, zeta|Protein kinase C (PKC) zeta is a member of the PKC family of serine/threonine kinases which are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation and secretion. Unlike the classical PKC isoenzymes which are calcium-dependent, PKC zeta exhibits a kinase activity which is independent of calcium and diacylglycerol but not of phosphatidylserine. Furthermore, it is insensitive to typical PKC inhibitors and cannot be activated by phorbol ester. Unlike the classical PKC isoenzymes, it has only a single zinc finger module. These structural and biochemical properties indicate that the zeta subspecies is related to, but distinct from other isoenzymes of PKC. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SGSM3 | small G protein signaling modulator 3| |
| SGSM2 | small G protein signaling modulator 2| |
| KRIT1 | KRIT1, ankyrin repeat containing|This gene encodes a protein containing four ankyrin repeats, a band 4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin (FERM) domain, and multiple NPXY sequences. The encoded protein is localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. It binds to integrin cytoplasmic domain-associated protein-1 alpha (ICAP1alpha), and plays a critical role in beta1-integrin-mediated cell proliferation. It associates with junction proteins and RAS-related protein 1A (Rap1A), which requires the encoded protein for maintaining the integrity of endothelial junctions. It is also a microtubule-associated protein and may play a role in microtubule targeting. Mutations in this gene result in cerebral cavernous malformations. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| TRABD2A | TraB domain containing 2A| |
| TRABD2B | TraB domain containing 2B| |
| CDPF1 | cysteine-rich, DPF motif domain containing 1| |
| SEC11A | SEC11 homolog A (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a member of the peptidase S26B family. The encoded protein is an 18kDa subunit of the signal peptidase complex and has been linked to cell migration and invasion, gastric cancer and lymph node metastasis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 8. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| CORT | cortistatin|This gene encodes a neuropeptide that is structurally similar to somatostatin. It binds to all known somatostatin receptors, and shares many pharmacological and functional properties with somatostatin, including the depression of neuronal activity. However, it also has many properties distinct from somatostatin, such as induction of slow-wave sleep, apparently by antagonism of the excitatory effects of acetylcholine on the cortex, reduction of locomotor activity, and activation of cation selective currents not responsive to somatostatin. The preproprotein undergoes further processing into multiple mature products. Read-through transcripts exist between this gene and the upstream APITD1 (apoptosis-inducing, TAF9-like domain 1) gene, as represented in GeneID:100526739. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| SEC11C | SEC11 homolog C (S. cerevisiae)| |
| MATK | megakaryocyte-associated tyrosine kinase|The protein encoded by this gene has amino acid sequence similarity to Csk tyrosine kinase and has the structural features of the CSK subfamily: SRC homology SH2 and SH3 domains, a catalytic domain, a unique N terminus, lack of myristylation signals, lack of a negative regulatory phosphorylation site, and lack of an autophosphorylation site. This protein is thought to play a significant role in the signal transduction of hematopoietic cells. It is able to phosphorylate and inactivate Src family kinases, and may play an inhibitory role in the control of T-cell proliferation. This protein might be involved in signaling in some cases of breast cancer. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ROBO3 | roundabout, axon guidance receptor, homolog 3 (Drosophila)|This gene is a member of the Roundabout (ROBO) gene family that controls neurite outgrowth, growth cone guidance, and axon fasciculation. ROBO proteins are a subfamily of the immunoglobulin transmembrane receptor superfamily. SLIT proteins 1-3, a family of secreted chemorepellants, are ligands for ROBO proteins and SLIT/ROBO interactions regulate myogenesis, leukocyte migration, kidney morphogenesis, angiogenesis, and vasculogenesis in addition to neurogenesis. This gene, ROBO3, has a putative extracellular domain with five immunoglobulin (Ig)-like loops and three fibronectin (Fn) type III motifs, a transmembrane segment, and a cytoplasmic tail with three conserved signaling motifs: CC0, CC2, and CC3 (CC for conserved cytoplasmic). Unlike other ROBO family members, ROBO3 lacks motif CC1. The ROBO3 gene regulates axonal navigation at the ventral midline of the neural tube. In mouse, loss of Robo3 results in a complete failure of commissural axons to cross the midline throughout the spinal cord and the hindbrain. Mutations ROBO3 result in horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS); an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital absence of horizontal gaze, progressive scoliosis, and failure of the corticospinal and somatosensory axon tracts to cross the midline in the medulla. Alternative transcript variants have been described but have not been experimentally validated. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| PMF1 | polyamine-modulated factor 1| |
| RAPSN | receptor-associated protein of the synapse|This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins that are receptor associated proteins of the synapse. The encoded protein contains a conserved cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation site, and plays a critical role in clustering and anchoring nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at synaptic sites by linking the receptors to the underlying postsynaptic cytoskeleton, possibly by direct association with actin or spectrin. Mutations in this gene may play a role in postsynaptic congenital myasthenic syndromes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011] |
| SCRIB | scribbled planar cell polarity protein|This gene encodes a protein that was identified as being similar to the Drosophila scribble protein. The mammalian protein is involved in tumor suppression pathways. As a scaffold protein involved in cell polarization processes, this protein binds to many other proteins. The encoded protein binds to papillomavirus E6 protein via its PDZ domain and the C-terminus of E6. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| TYMS | thymidylate synthetase|Thymidylate synthase catalyzes the methylation of deoxyuridylate to deoxythymidylate using 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (methylene-THF) as a cofactor. This function maintains the dTMP (thymidine-5-prime monophosphate) pool critical for DNA replication and repair. The enzyme has been of interest as a target for cancer chemotherapeutic agents. It is considered to be the primary site of action for 5-fluorouracil, 5-fluoro-2-prime-deoxyuridine, and some folate analogs. Expression of this gene and that of a naturally occuring antisense transcript rTSalpha (GeneID:55556) vary inversely when cell-growth progresses from late-log to plateau phase. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TYMP | thymidine phosphorylase|This gene encodes an angiogenic factor which promotes angiogenesis in vivo and stimulates the in vitro growth of a variety of endothelial cells. It has a highly restricted target cell specificity acting only on endothelial cells. Mutations in this gene have been associated with mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| ZNF790 | zinc finger protein 790| |
| ZNF791 | zinc finger protein 791| |
| ZNF792 | zinc finger protein 792| |
| ZNF793 | zinc finger protein 793| |
| MUL1 | mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1| |
| LAMC2 | laminin, gamma 2|Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Laminins, composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively), have a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. Several isoforms of each chain have been described. Different alpha, beta and gamma chain isomers combine to give rise to different heterotrimeric laminin isoforms which are designated by Arabic numerals in the order of their discovery, i.e. alpha1beta1gamma1 heterotrimer is laminin 1. The biological functions of the different chains and trimer molecules are largely unknown, but some of the chains have been shown to differ with respect to their tissue distribution, presumably reflecting diverse functions in vivo. This gene encodes the gamma chain isoform laminin, gamma 2. The gamma 2 chain, formerly thought to be a truncated version of beta chain (B2t), is highly homologous to the gamma 1 chain; however, it lacks domain VI, and domains V, IV and III are shorter. It is expressed in several fetal tissues but differently from gamma 1, and is specifically localized to epithelial cells in skin, lung and kidney. The gamma 2 chain together with alpha 3 and beta 3 chains constitute laminin 5 (earlier known as kalinin), which is an integral part of the anchoring filaments that connect epithelial cells to the underlying basement membrane. The epithelium-specific expression of the gamma 2 chain implied its role as an epithelium attachment molecule, and mutations in this gene have been associated with junctional epidermolysis bullosa, a skin disease characterized by blisters due to disruption of the epidermal-dermal junction. Two transcript variants resulting from alternative splicing of the 3' terminal exon, and encoding different isoforms of gamma 2 chain, have been described. The two variants are differentially expressed in embryonic tissues, however, the biological significance of the two forms is not known. Transcript variants utilizing alternative polyA_signal have also been noted in literature. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| ZNF799 | zinc finger protein 799| |
| WWP2 | WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2|This gene encodes a member of the Nedd4 family of E3 ligases, which play an important role in protein ubiquitination. The encoded protein contains four WW domains and may play a role in multiple processes including chondrogenesis and the regulation of oncogenic signaling pathways via interactions with Smad proteins and the tumor suppressor PTEN. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 10. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| WWP1 | WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1|WW domain-containing proteins are found in all eukaryotes and play an important role in the regulation of a wide variety of cellular functions such as protein degradation, transcription, and RNA splicing. This gene encodes a protein which contains 4 tandem WW domains and a HECT (homologous to the E6-associated protein carboxyl terminus) domain. The encoded protein belongs to a family of NEDD4-like proteins, which are E3 ubiquitin-ligase molecules and regulate key trafficking decisions, including targeting of proteins to proteosomes or lysosomes. Alternative splicing of this gene generates at least 6 transcript variants; however, the full length nature of these transcripts has not been defined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PSMD9 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 9|The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes a non-ATPase subunit of the 19S regulator. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| PPIL2 | peptidylprolyl isomerase (cyclophilin)-like 2|This gene is a member of the cyclophilin family of peptidylprolyl isomerases. The cyclophilins are a highly conserved ubiquitous family, members of which play an important role in protein folding, immunosuppression by cyclosporin A, and infection of HIV-1 virions. This protein interacts with the proteinase inhibitor eglin c and is localized in the nucleus. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPIL3 | peptidylprolyl isomerase (cyclophilin)-like 3|This gene encodes a member of the cyclophilin family. Cyclophilins catalyze the cis-trans isomerization of peptidylprolyl imide bonds in oligopeptides. They have been proposed to act either as catalysts or as molecular chaperones in protein-folding events. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| PPIL4 | peptidylprolyl isomerase (cyclophilin)-like 4|This gene is a member of the cyclophilin family of peptidylprolyl isomerases. The cyclophilins are a highly conserved family, members of which play an important role in protein folding, immunosuppression by cyclosporin A, and infection of HIV-1 virions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPP1R7 | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 7|This gene encodes a protein subunit that regulates the activity of the serine/threonine phosphatase, protein phosphatase-1. The encoded protein is required for completion of the mitotic cycle and for targeting protein phosphatase-1 to mitotic kinetochores. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| PHLPP1 | PH domain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase 1|This gene encodes a member of the serine/threonine phosphatase family. The encoded protein promotes apoptosis by dephosphorylating and inactivating the serine/threonine kinase Akt, and functions as a tumor suppressor in multiple types of cancer. Increased expression of this gene may also play a role in obesity and type 2 diabetes by interfering with Akt-mediated insulin signaling. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| PHACTR3 | phosphatase and actin regulator 3|This gene encodes a member of the phosphatase and actin regulator protein family. The encoded protein is associated with the nuclear scaffold in proliferating cells, and binds to actin and the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase-1, suggesting that it functions as a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase-1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| PPP1R2 | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 2| |
| CCDC94 | coiled-coil domain containing 94| |
| CCDC96 | coiled-coil domain containing 96| |
| CYP4F11 | cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily F, polypeptide 11|This gene, CYP4F11, encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This gene is part of a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes on chromosome 19. Another member of this family, CYP4F2, is approximately 16 kb away. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCDC91 | coiled-coil domain containing 91| |
| CCDC92 | coiled-coil domain containing 92| |
| CCDC93 | coiled-coil domain containing 93| |
| ZNF570 | zinc finger protein 570| |
| ZNF571 | zinc finger protein 571| |
| ZNF573 | zinc finger protein 573| |
| ZNF574 | zinc finger protein 574| |
| ZNF576 | zinc finger protein 576| |
| ZNF577 | zinc finger protein 577| |
| ZNF578 | zinc finger protein 578| |
| ZNF579 | zinc finger protein 579| |
| TRPV6 | transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 6|This gene encodes a member of a family of multipass membrane proteins that functions as calcium channels. The encoded protein contains N-terminal ankyrin repeats, which are required for channel assembly and regulation. Translation initiation for this protein occurs at a non-AUG start codon that is decoded as methionine. This gene is situated next to a closely related gene for transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 5 (TRPV5). This locus has experienced positive selection in non-African populations, resulting in several non-synonymous codon differences among individuals of different genetic backgrounds. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| MFAP2 | microfibrillar-associated protein 2|Microfibrillar-associated protein 2 is a major antigen of elastin-associated microfibrils and a candidate for involvement in the etiology of inherited connective tissue diseases. Four transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| SETDB1 | SET domain, bifurcated 1|This gene encodes a histone methyltransferase which regulates histone methylation, gene silencing, and transcriptional repression. This gene has been identified as a target for treatment in Huntington Disease, given that gene silencing and transcription dysfunction likely play a role in the disease pathogenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| PRTN3 | proteinase 3| |
| TRPV2 | transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 2|This gene encodes an ion channel that is activated by high temperatures above 52 degrees Celsius. The protein may be involved in transduction of high-temperature heat responses in sensory ganglia. It is thought that in other tissues the channel may be activated by stimuli other than heat. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CTSH | cathepsin H|The protein encoded by this gene is a lysosomal cysteine proteinase important in the overall degradation of lysosomal proteins. It is composed of a dimer of disulfide-linked heavy and light chains, both produced from a single protein precursor. The encoded protein, which belongs to the peptidase C1 protein family, can act both as an aminopeptidase and as an endopeptidase. Increased expression of this gene has been correlated with malignant progression of prostate tumors. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| CTSK | cathepsin K|The protein encoded by this gene is a lysosomal cysteine proteinase involved in bone remodeling and resorption. This protein, which is a member of the peptidase C1 protein family, is predominantly expressed in osteoclasts. However, the encoded protein is also expressed in a significant fraction of human breast cancers, where it could contribute to tumor invasiveness. Mutations in this gene are the cause of pycnodysostosis, an autosomal recessive disease characterized by osteosclerosis and short stature. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2013] |
| CTSO | cathepsin O|The protein encoded by the gene is a cysteine proteinase and a member of the papain superfamily. This proteolytic enzyme is involved in cellular protein degradation and turnover. The recombinant form of this enzyme was shown to degrade synthetic peptides typically used as substrates for cysteine proteinases and its proteolytic activity was abolished by an inhibitor of cyteine proteinase. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CTSA | cathepsin A|This gene encodes a glycoprotein which associates with lysosomal enzymes beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase to form a complex of high molecular weight multimers. The formation of this complex provides a protective role for stability and activity. Deficiencies in this gene are linked to multiple forms of galactosialidosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CTSB | cathepsin B|The protein encoded by this gene is a lysosomal cysteine proteinase composed of a dimer of disulfide-linked heavy and light chains, both produced from a single protein precursor. It is also known as amyloid precursor protein secretase and is involved in the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Incomplete proteolytic processing of APP has been suggested to be a causative factor in Alzheimer disease, the most common cause of dementia. Overexpression of the encoded protein, which is a member of the peptidase C1 family, has been associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma and other tumors. At least five transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CTSC | cathepsin C|The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the peptidase C1 family, is a lysosomal cysteine proteinase that appears to be a central coordinator for activation of many serine proteinases in immune/inflammatory cells. It is composed of a dimer of disulfide-linked heavy and light chains, both produced from a single protein precursor, and a residual portion of the propeptide acts as an intramolecular chaperone for the folding and stabilization of the mature enzyme. This enzyme requires chloride ions for activity and can degrade glucagon. Defects in the encoded protein have been shown to be a cause of Papillon-Lefevre syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by palmoplantar keratosis and periodontitis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNAB1 | potassium channel, voltage gated subfamily A regulatory beta subunit 1|Potassium channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. Four sequence-related potassium channel genes - shaker, shaw, shab, and shal - have been identified in Drosophila, and each has been shown to have human homolog(s). This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, shaker-related subfamily. This member includes distinct isoforms which are encoded by alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene. Some of these isoforms are beta subunits, which form heteromultimeric complexes with alpha subunits and modulate the activity of the pore-forming alpha subunits. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| CTSE | cathepsin E|The protein encoded by this gene is a gastric aspartyl protease that functions as a disulfide-linked homodimer. This protease, which is a member of the peptidase C1 family, has a specificity similar to that of pepsin A and cathepsin D. It is an intracellular proteinase that does not appear to be involved in the digestion of dietary protein and is found in highest concentration in the surface of epithelial mucus-producing cells of the stomach. It is the first aspartic proteinase expressed in the fetal stomach and is found in more than half of gastric cancers. It appears, therefore, to be an oncofetal antigen. Transcript variants utilizing alternative polyadenylation signals and two transcript variants encoding different isoforms exist for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNAB3 | potassium channel, voltage gated subfamily A regulatory beta subunit 3|This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, shaker-related subfamily. The encoded protein is one of the beta subunits, which are auxiliary proteins associating with functional Kv-alpha subunits. The encoded protein forms a heterodimer with the potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 5 gene product and regulates the activity of the alpha subunit. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| KCNAB2 | potassium channel, voltage gated subfamily A regulatory beta subunit 2|Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. Four sequence-related potassium channel genes - shaker, shaw, shab, and shal - have been identified in Drosophila, and each has been shown to have human homolog(s). This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, shaker-related subfamily. This member is one of the beta subunits, which are auxiliary proteins associating with functional Kv-alpha subunits. This member alters functional properties of the KCNA4 gene product. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| RPL14 | ribosomal protein L14|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L14E family of ribosomal proteins. It contains a basic region-leucine zipper (bZIP)-like domain. The protein is located in the cytoplasm. This gene contains a trinucleotide (GCT) repeat tract whose length is highly polymorphic; these triplet repeats result in a stretch of alanine residues in the encoded protein. Transcript variants utilizing alternative polyA signals and alternative 5'-terminal exons exist but all encode the same protein. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPL15 | ribosomal protein L15|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L15E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. This gene shares sequence similarity with the yeast ribosomal protein YL10 gene. Although this gene has been referred to as RPL10, its official symbol is RPL15. This gene has been shown to be overexpressed in some esophageal tumors compared to normal matched tissues. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| CTSZ | cathepsin Z|The protein encoded by this gene is a lysosomal cysteine proteinase and member of the peptidase C1 family. It exhibits both carboxy-monopeptidase and carboxy-dipeptidase activities. The encoded protein has also been known as cathepsin X and cathepsin P. This gene is expressed ubiquitously in cancer cell lines and primary tumors and, like other members of this family, may be involved in tumorigenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| RPL17 | ribosomal protein L17|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L22P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. This gene has been referred to as rpL23 because the encoded protein shares amino acid identity with ribosomal protein L23 from Halobacterium marismortui; however, its official symbol is RPL17. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the neighboring downstream C18orf32 (chromosome 18 open reading frame 32) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| RPL10 | ribosomal protein L10|This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S ribosome subunit. The related protein in chicken can bind to c-Jun and can repress c-Jun-mediated transcriptional activation. Some studies have detected an association between variation in this gene and autism spectrum disorders, though others do not detect this relationship. There are multiple pseudogenes of this gene dispersed throughout the genome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| RPL11 | ribosomal protein L11|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L5P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. The protein probably associates with the 5S rRNA. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| OMA1 | OMA1 zinc metallopeptidase| |
| RPL13 | ribosomal protein L13|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L13E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. This gene is expressed at significantly higher levels in benign breast lesions than in breast carcinomas. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| FGFR4 | fibroblast growth factor receptor 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family, where amino acid sequence is highly conserved between members and throughout evolution. FGFR family members differ from one another in their ligand affinities and tissue distribution. A full-length representative protein would consist of an extracellular region, composed of three immunoglobulin-like domains, a single hydrophobic membrane-spanning segment and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain. The extracellular portion of the protein interacts with fibroblast growth factors, setting in motion a cascade of downstream signals, ultimately influencing mitogenesis and differentiation. The genomic organization of this gene, compared to members 1-3, encompasses 18 exons rather than 19 or 20. Although alternative splicing has been observed, there is no evidence that the C-terminal half of the IgIII domain of this protein varies between three alternate forms, as indicated for members 1-3. This particular family member preferentially binds acidic fibroblast growth factor and, although its specific function is unknown, it is overexpressed in gynecological tumor samples, suggesting a role in breast and ovarian tumorigenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SAV1 | salvador family WW domain containing protein 1|WW domain-containing proteins are found in all eukaryotes and play an important role in the regulation of a wide variety of cellular functions such as protein degradation, transcription, and RNA splicing. This gene encodes a protein with two WW domains, a SARAH domain, and a coiled-coil region and is ubiquitously expressed in adult tissues. This protein binds to MST1 (mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1) and promotes MST1-induced apoptosis. It has also been shown to bind to HAX1 (hematopoietic cell-specific protein 1 (HS1)-associated protein X-1) and to attenuate the anti-apoptotic effects of HAX1. Studies in human and mouse suggest this gene acts as a tumor suppressor. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| FGFR2 | fibroblast growth factor receptor 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family, where amino acid sequence is highly conserved between members and throughout evolution. FGFR family members differ from one another in their ligand affinities and tissue distribution. A full-length representative protein consists of an extracellular region, composed of three immunoglobulin-like domains, a single hydrophobic membrane-spanning segment and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain. The extracellular portion of the protein interacts with fibroblast growth factors, setting in motion a cascade of downstream signals, ultimately influencing mitogenesis and differentiation. This particular family member is a high-affinity receptor for acidic, basic and/or keratinocyte growth factor, depending on the isoform. Mutations in this gene are associated with Crouzon syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, Craniosynostosis, Apert syndrome, Jackson-Weiss syndrome, Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, and syndromic craniosynostosis. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| GPATCH3 | G patch domain containing 3| |
| NUP210L | nucleoporin 210kDa-like| |
| PCYT1A | phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1, choline, alpha| |
| NAA10 | N(alpha)-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit|N-alpha-acetylation is among the most common post-translational protein modifications in eukaryotic cells. This process involves the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-coenzyme A to the alpha-amino group on a nascent polypeptide and is essential for normal cell function. This gene encodes an N-terminal acetyltransferase that functions as the catalytic subunit of the major amino-terminal acetyltransferase A complex. Mutations in this gene are the cause of Ogden syndrome. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| CXCL3 | chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3|This antimicrobial gene encodes a member of the CXC subfamily of chemokines. The encoded protein is a secreted growth factor that signals through the G-protein coupled receptor, CXC receptor 2. This protein plays a role in inflammation and as a chemoattractant for neutrophils. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| PCYT1B | phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1, choline, beta|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cytidylyltransferase family. It is involved in the regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| CXCL5 | chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5|This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the CXC subfamily of chemokines. Chemokines, which recruit and activate leukocytes, are classified by function (inflammatory or homeostatic) or by structure. This protein is proposed to bind the G-protein coupled receptor chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 to recruit neutrophils, to promote angiogenesis and to remodel connective tissues. This protein is thought to play a role in cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| CXCL6 | chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6| |
| CXCL9 | chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9|This antimicrobial gene encodes a protein thought to be involved in T cell trafficking. The encoded protein binds to C-X-C motif chemokine 3 and is a chemoattractant for lymphocytes but not for neutrophils. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| PTH2 | parathyroid hormone 2|TIP39 is related to parathyroid hormone (PTH; MIM 168450) and PTH-related protein (PTHRP; MIM 168470) and is a ligand for PTH receptor-2 (PTHR2; MIM 601469) (John et al., 2002 [PubMed 11861531]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| INCA1 | inhibitor of CDK, cyclin A1 interacting protein 1| |
| SORBS3 | sorbin and SH3 domain containing 3|This gene encodes an SH3 domain-containing adaptor protein. The presence of SH3 domains play a role in this protein's ability to bind other cytoplasmic molecules and contribute to cystoskeletal organization, cell adhesion and migration, signaling, and gene expression. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| B4GALT4 | UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 4|This gene is one of seven beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT) genes. They encode type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that appear to have exclusive specificity for the donor substrate UDP-galactose; all transfer galactose in a beta1,4 linkage to similar acceptor sugars: GlcNAc, Glc, and Xyl. Each beta4GalT has a distinct function in the biosynthesis of different glycoconjugates and saccharide structures. As type II membrane proteins, they have an N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence that directs the protein to the Golgi apparatus and which then remains uncleaved to function as a transmembrane anchor. By sequence similarity, the beta4GalTs form four groups: beta4GalT1 and beta4GalT2, beta4GalT3 and beta4GalT4, beta4GalT5 and beta4GalT6, and beta4GalT7. The enzyme encoded by this gene appears to mainly play a role in glycolipid biosynthesis. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SYP | synaptophysin|This gene encodes an integral membrane protein of small synaptic vesicles in brain and endocrine cells. The protein also binds cholesterol and is thought to direct targeting of vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (synaptobrevin) to intracellular compartments. Mutations in this gene are associated with X-linked mental retardation (XLMR). [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| AMMECR1 | Alport syndrome, mental retardation, midface hypoplasia and elliptocytosis chromosomal region gene 1|The exact function of this gene is not known, however, submicroscopic deletion of the X chromosome including this gene, COL4A5, and FACL4 genes, result in a contiguous gene deletion syndrome, the AMME complex (Alport syndrome, mental retardation, midface hypoplasia, and elliptocytosis). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| PRRX1 | paired related homeobox 1|The DNA-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the paired family of homeobox proteins localized to the nucleus. The protein functions as a transcription co-activator, enhancing the DNA-binding activity of serum response factor, a protein required for the induction of genes by growth and differentiation factors. The protein regulates muscle creatine kinase, indicating a role in the establishment of diverse mesodermal muscle types. Alternative splicing yields two isoforms that differ in abundance and expression patterns. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TNRC6C | trinucleotide repeat containing 6C| |
| PRRX2 | paired related homeobox 2|The DNA-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the paired family of homeobox proteins. Expression is localized to proliferating fetal fibroblasts and the developing dermal layer, with downregulated expression in adult skin. Increases in expression of this gene during fetal but not adult wound healing suggest a possible role in mechanisms that control mammalian dermal regeneration and prevent formation of scar response to wounding. The expression patterns provide evidence consistent with a role in fetal skin development and a possible role in cellular proliferation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LRRIQ3 | leucine-rich repeats and IQ motif containing 3| |
| CSRP2BP | CSRP2 binding protein|CSRP2 is a protein containing two LIM domains, which are double zinc finger motifs found in proteins of diverse function. CSRP2 and some related proteins are thought to act as protein adapters, bridging two or more proteins to form a larger protein complex. The protein encoded by this gene binds to one of the LIM domains of CSRP2 and contains an acetyltransferase domain. Although the encoded protein has been detected in the cytoplasm, it is predominantly a nuclear protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| EMD | emerin|Emerin is a serine-rich nuclear membrane protein and a member of the nuclear lamina-associated protein family. It mediates membrane anchorage to the cytoskeleton. Dreifuss-Emery muscular dystrophy is an X-linked inherited degenerative myopathy resulting from mutation in the emerin gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RGR | retinal G protein coupled receptor|This gene encodes a putative retinal G-protein coupled receptor. The gene is a member of the opsin subfamily of the 7 transmembrane, G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Like other opsins which bind retinaldehyde, it contains a conserved lysine residue in the seventh transmembrane domain. The protein acts as a photoisomerase to catalyze the conversion of all-trans-retinal to 11-cis-retinal. The reverse isomerization occurs with rhodopsin in retinal photoreceptor cells. The protein is exclusively expressed in tissue adjacent to retinal photoreceptor cells, the retinal pigment epithelium and Mueller cells. This gene may be associated with autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (arRP and adRP, respectively). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TNNC2 | troponin C type 2 (fast)|Troponin (Tn), a key protein complex in the regulation of striated muscle contraction, is composed of 3 subunits. The Tn-I subunit inhibits actomyosin ATPase, the Tn-T subunit binds tropomyosin and Tn-C, while the Tn-C subunit binds calcium and overcomes the inhibitory action of the troponin complex on actin filaments. The protein encoded by this gene is the Tn-C subunit. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EMB | embigin|This gene encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein may be involved in cell growth and development by mediating interactions between the cell and extracellular matrix. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| USP28 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 28|The ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation pathway is essential for proteolysis of intracellular proteins and peptides. Enzymes that remove ubiquitin from ubiquitin-conjugated peptides, like USP28, affect the fate and degradation of intracellular proteins and are essential for maintenance of cell-free ubiquitin pools (Valero et al., 2001).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| LIF | leukemia inhibitory factor|The protein encoded by this gene is a pleiotropic cytokine with roles in several different systems. It is involved in the induction of hematopoietic differentiation in normal and myeloid leukemia cells, induction of neuronal cell differentiation, regulator of mesenchymal to epithelial conversion during kidney development, and may also have a role in immune tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| PDZK1IP1 | PDZK1 interacting protein 1| |
| FBLN2 | fibulin 2|This gene encodes an extracellular matrix protein, which belongs to the fibulin family. This protein binds various extracellular ligands and calcium. It may play a role during organ development, in particular, during the differentiation of heart, skeletal and neuronal structures. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SUDS3 | suppressor of defective silencing 3 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|SDS3 is a subunit of the histone deacetylase (see HDAC1; MIM 601241)-dependent SIN3A (MIM 607776) corepressor complex (Fleischer et al., 2003 [PubMed 12724404]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| RGN | regucalcin|The protein encoded by this gene is a highly conserved, calcium-binding protein, that is preferentially expressed in the liver and kidney. It may have an important role in calcium homeostasis. Studies in rat indicate that this protein may also play a role in aging, as it shows age-associated down-regulation. This gene is part of a gene cluster on chromosome Xp11.3-Xp11.23. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| STIL | SCL/TAL1 interrupting locus|This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein implicated in regulation of the mitotic spindle checkpoint, a regulatory pathway that monitors chromosome segregation during cell division to ensure the proper distribution of chromosomes to daughter cells. The protein is phosphorylated in mitosis and in response to activation of the spindle checkpoint, and disappears when cells transition to G1 phase. It interacts with a mitotic regulator, and its expression is required to efficiently activate the spindle checkpoint. It is proposed to regulate Cdc2 kinase activity during spindle checkpoint arrest. Chromosomal deletions that fuse this gene and the adjacent locus commonly occur in T cell leukemias, and are thought to arise through illegitimate V-(D)-J recombination events. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PSMD8 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 8|The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes a non-ATPase subunit of the 19S regulator. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF580 | zinc finger protein 580| |
| AFF4 | AF4/FMR2 family, member 4|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the AF4 family of transcription factors involved in leukemia. It is a component of the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) complex. A chromosomal translocation involving this gene and MLL gene on chromosome 11 is found in infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia with ins(5;11)(q31;q31q23). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| AFF3 | AF4/FMR2 family, member 3|This gene encodes a tissue-restricted nuclear transcriptional activator that is preferentially expressed in lymphoid tissue. Isolation of this protein initially defined a highly conserved LAF4/MLLT2 gene family of nuclear transcription factors that may function in lymphoid development and oncogenesis. In some ALL patients, this gene has been found fused to the gene for MLL. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different proteins have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AFF2 | AF4/FMR2 family, member 2|This gene encodes a putative transcriptional activator that is a member of the AF4FMR2 gene family. This gene is associated with the folate-sensitive fragile X E locus on chromosome X. A repeat polymorphism in the fragile X E locus results in silencing of this gene causing Fragile X E syndrome. Fragile X E syndrome is a form of nonsyndromic X-linked mental retardation. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| AFF1 | AF4/FMR2 family, member 1| |
| USP22 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 22| |
| SAMD3 | sterile alpha motif domain containing 3| |
| SLCO4C1 | solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 4C1|SLCO4C1 belongs to the organic anion transporter (OATP) family. OATPs are involved in the membrane transport of bile acids, conjugated steroids, thyroid hormone, eicosanoids, peptides, and numerous drugs in many tissues (Mikkaichi et al., 2004 [PubMed 14993604]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CARD8 | caspase recruitment domain family, member 8|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-containing family of proteins, which are involved in pathways leading to activation of caspases or nuclear factor kappa-B (NFKB). This protein may be a component of the inflammasome, a protein complex that plays a role in the activation of proinflammatory caspases. It is thought that this protein acts as an adaptor molecule that negatively regulates NFKB activation, CASP1-dependent IL1B secretion, and apoptosis. Polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with a susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| HSD11B2 | hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 2|There are at least two isozymes of the corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase, a microsomal enzyme complex responsible for the interconversion of cortisol and cortisone. The type I isozyme has both 11-beta-dehydrogenase (cortisol to cortisone) and 11-oxoreductase (cortisone to cortisol) activities. The type II isozyme, encoded by this gene, has only 11-beta-dehydrogenase activity. In aldosterone-selective epithelial tissues such as the kidney, the type II isozyme catalyzes the glucocorticoid cortisol to the inactive metabolite cortisone, thus preventing illicit activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor. In tissues that do not express the mineralocorticoid receptor, such as the placenta and testis, it protects cells from the growth-inhibiting and/or pro-apoptotic effects of cortisol, particularly during embryonic development. Mutations in this gene cause the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess and hypertension. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| ALDH16A1 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 16 family, member A1|This gene encodes a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily. The family members act on aldehyde substrates and use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) as a cofactor. This gene is conserved in chimpanzee, dog, cow, mouse, rat, and zebrafish. The protein encoded by this gene interacts with maspardin, a protein that when truncated is responsible for Mast syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| CARD6 | caspase recruitment domain family, member 6|This gene encodes a protein that contains a caspase recruitment domain (CARD), an antiparallel six-helical bundle that mediates homotypic protein-protein interactions. The encoded protein is a microtubule-associated protein that has been shown to interact with receptor-interacting protein kinases and positively modulate signal transduction pathways converging on activation of the inducible transcription factor NF-kB. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SAE1 | SUMO1 activating enzyme subunit 1|Posttranslational modification of proteins by the addition of the small protein SUMO (see SUMO1; MIM 601912), or sumoylation, regulates protein structure and intracellular localization. SAE1 and UBA2 (MIM 613295) form a heterodimer that functions as a SUMO-activating enzyme for the sumoylation of proteins (Okuma et al., 1999 [PubMed 9920803]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2010] |
| STK40 | serine/threonine kinase 40| |
| KIAA0196 | KIAA0196|This gene encodes a 134 kDa protein named strumpellin that is predicted to have multiple transmembrane domains and a spectrin-repeat-containing domain. This ubiquitously expressed gene has its highest expression in skeletal muscle. The protein is named for Strumpell disease; a form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Spastic paraplegias are a diverse group of disorders in which the autosomal dominant forms are characterized by progressive, lower extremity spasticity caused by axonal degeneration in the terminal portions of the longest descending and ascending corticospinal tracts. More than 30 loci (SPG1-33) have been implicated in hereditary spastic paraplegia diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| ERP27 | endoplasmic reticulum protein 27|ERP27 is a noncatalytic member of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI; see MIM 608012) family of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins (Alanen et al., 2006 [PubMed 16940051]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ERP29 | endoplasmic reticulum protein 29|This gene encodes a reticuloplasmin, a protein which resides in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The protein shows sequence similarity to the protein disulfide isomerase family. However, it lacks the thioredoxin motif characteristic of this family, suggesting that this protein does not function as a disulfide isomerase. The protein dimerizes and is thought to play a role in the processing of secretory proteins within the ER. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PSMB8 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, beta type, 8|The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered ring-shaped 20S core structure. The core structure is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes a member of the proteasome B-type family, also known as the T1B family, that is a 20S core beta subunit. This gene is located in the class II region of the MHC (major histocompatibility complex). Expression of this gene is induced by gamma interferon and this gene product replaces catalytic subunit 3 (proteasome beta 5 subunit) in the immunoproteasome. Proteolytic processing is required to generate a mature subunit. Two alternative transcripts encoding two isoforms have been identified; both isoforms are processed to yield the same mature subunit. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PHKA1 | phosphorylase kinase, alpha 1 (muscle)|Phosphorylase kinase is a polymer of 16 subunits, four each of alpha, beta, gamma and delta. The alpha subunit includes the skeletal muscle and hepatic isoforms, and the skeletal muscle isoform is encoded by this gene. The beta subunit is the same in both the muscle and hepatic isoforms, and encoded by one gene. The gamma subunit also includes the skeletal muscle and hepatic isoforms, which are encoded by two different genes. The delta subunit is a calmodulin and can be encoded by three different genes. The gamma subunits contain the active site of the enzyme, whereas the alpha and beta subunits have regulatory functions controlled by phosphorylation. The delta subunit mediates the dependence of the enzyme on calcium concentration. Mutations in this gene cause glycogen storage disease type 9D, also known as X-linked muscle glycogenosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified in this gene. A pseudogene has been found on chromosome 1.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| GCKR | glucokinase (hexokinase 4) regulator|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the GCKR subfamily of the SIS (Sugar ISomerase) family of proteins. The gene product is a regulatory protein that inhibits glucokinase in liver and pancreatic islet cells by binding non-covalently to form an inactive complex with the enzyme. This gene is considered a susceptibility gene candidate for a form of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PHKA2 | phosphorylase kinase, alpha 2 (liver)|Phosphorylase kinase is a polymer of 16 subunits, four each of alpha, beta, gamma and delta. The alpha subunit includes the skeletal muscle and hepatic isoforms, and the hepatic isoform is encoded by this gene. The beta subunit is the same in both the muscle and hepatic isoforms, and encoded by one gene. The gamma subunit also includes the skeletal muscle and hepatic isoforms, which are encoded by two different genes. The delta subunit is a calmodulin and can be encoded by three different genes. The gamma subunits contain the active site of the enzyme, whereas the alpha and beta subunits have regulatory functions controlled by phosphorylation. The delta subunit mediates the dependence of the enzyme on calcium concentration. Mutations in this gene cause glycogen storage disease type 9A, also known as X-linked liver glycogenosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been reported, but the full-length nature of these variants has not been determined.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| UBA6 | ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 6|Modification of proteins with ubiquitin (UBB; MIM 191339) or ubiquitin-like proteins controls many signaling networks and requires a ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), a ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2), and a ubiquitin protein ligase (E3). UBE1L2 is an E1 enzyme that initiates the activation and conjugation of ubiquitin-like proteins (Jin et al., 2007 [PubMed 17597759]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PDP1 | pyruvate dehyrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1|Pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) is one of the three components (E1, E2, and E3) of the large pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases catalyze phosphorylation of serine residues of E1 to inactivate the E1 component and inhibit the complex. Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatases catalyze the dephosphorylation and activation of the E1 component to reverse the effects of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases. Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase is a heterodimer consisting of catalytic and regulatory subunits. Two catalytic subunits have been reported; one is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle and another one is is much more abundant in the liver. The catalytic subunit, encoded by this gene, is the former, and belongs to the protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) superfamily. Along with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases, this enzyme is located in the mitochondrial matrix. Mutation in this gene causes pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase deficiency. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| PDP2 | pyruvate dehyrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 2| |
| UBA5 | ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 5|This gene encodes a member of the E1-like ubiquitin-activating enzyme family. This protein activates ubiquitin-fold modifier 1, a ubiquitin-like post-translational modifier protein, via the formation of a high-energy thioester bond. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. A pseudogene located on chromosome 1 has also been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UBA2 | ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 2|Posttranslational modification of proteins by the addition of the small protein SUMO (see SUMO1; MIM 601912), or sumoylation, regulates protein structure and intracellular localization. SAE1 (MIM 613294) and UBA2 form a heterodimer that functions as a SUMO-activating enzyme for the sumoylation of proteins (Okuma et al., 1999 [PubMed 9920803]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2010] |
| SGOL2 | shugoshin-like 2 (S. pombe)| |
| PSMB6 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, beta type, 6|The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered ring-shaped 20S core structure. The core structure is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. The encoded protein is a member of the proteasome B-type family, also known as the T1B family, and is a 20S core beta subunit in the proteasome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| PWP2 | PWP2 periodic tryptophan protein homolog (yeast)| |
| PWP1 | PWP1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| PHF20 | PHD finger protein 20| |
| PHF23 | PHD finger protein 23| |
| NAA16 | N(alpha)-acetyltransferase 16, NatA auxiliary subunit| |
| UBE2H | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2H|The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. The encoded protein sequence is 100% identical to the mouse homolog and 98% identical to the frog and zebrafish homologs. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene and they encode distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| ABCA12 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 12|The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intracellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, and White). This encoded protein is a member of the ABC1 subfamily, which is the only major ABC subfamily found exclusively in multicellular eukaryotes. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NAA15 | N(alpha)-acetyltransferase 15, NatA auxiliary subunit|This gene encodes a protein of unknown function. However, similarity to proteins in yeast and other species suggests that this protein may be an N-acetyltransferase. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UBE2M | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2M|The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. The encoded protein is linked with a ubiquitin-like protein, NEDD8, which can be conjugated to cellular proteins, such as Cdc53/culin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM162A | family with sequence similarity 162, member A| |
| TAGAP | T-cell activation RhoGTPase activating protein|This gene encodes a member of the Rho GTPase-activator protein superfamily. The encoded protein may function as a Rho GTPase-activating protein. Alterations in this gene may be associated with several diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, and multiple sclerosis. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| NAA11 | N(alpha)-acetyltransferase 11, NatA catalytic subunit| |
| UBE2A | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2A|The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, and ubiquitin-protein ligases. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. This enzyme is required for post-replicative DNA damage repair, and may play a role in transcriptional regulation. Mutations in this gene are associated with mental retardation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| PSMB3 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, beta type, 3|The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered ring-shaped 20S core structure. The core structure is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes a member of the proteasome B-type family, also known as the T1B family, that is a 20S core beta subunit. The 26 S proteasome may be involved in trinucleotide repeat expansion, a phenomenon which is associated with many hereditary neurological diseases. Pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 2 and 12. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| UBE2C | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C|The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, and ubiquitin-protein ligases. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. The encoded protein is required for the destruction of mitotic cyclins and for cell cycle progression, and may be involved in cancer progression. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Pseudogenes of this gene have been defined on chromosomes 4, 14, 15, 18, and 19. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| UBE2B | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2B|The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. This enzyme is required for post-replicative DNA damage repair. Its protein sequence is 100% identical to the mouse, rat, and rabbit homologs, which indicates that this enzyme is highly conserved in eukaryotic evolution. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SI | sucrase-isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)|This gene encodes a sucrase-isomaltase enzyme that is expressed in the intestinal brush border. The encoded protein is synthesized as a precursor protein that is cleaved by pancreatic proteases into two enzymatic subunits sucrase and isomaltase. These two subunits heterodimerize to form the sucrose-isomaltase complex. This complex is essential for the digestion of dietary carbohydrates including starch, sucrose and isomaltose. Mutations in this gene are the cause of congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| UBE2F | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2F (putative)| |
| HSPBP1 | HSPA (heat shock 70kDa) binding protein, cytoplasmic cochaperone 1| |
| CCSER2 | coiled-coil serine-rich protein 2| |
| UBE2Z | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2Z|This gene encodes an enzyme which ubiquitinates proteins which participate in signaling pathways and apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| FGGY | FGGY carbohydrate kinase domain containing|This gene encodes a protein that phosphorylates carbohydrates such as ribulose, ribitol, and L-arabinitol. Genome-wide association studies in some populations have found an association between polymorphisms in this gene and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but studies of other populations have not been able to replicate this association. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| UBE2S | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S|This gene encodes a member of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. The encoded protein is able to form a thiol ester linkage with ubiquitin in a ubiquitin activating enzyme-dependent manner, a characteristic property of ubiquitin carrier proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPAIN | RPA interacting protein| |
| UBE2U | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2U (putative)| |
| UBE2T | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T|The covalent conjugation of ubiquitin to proteins regulates diverse cellular pathways and proteins. Ubiquitin is transferred to a target protein through a concerted action of a ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2), such as UBE2T, and a ubiquitin ligase (E3) (Machida et al., 2006 [PubMed 16916645]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| UBE2W | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2W (putative)|This gene encodes a nuclear-localized ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) that, along with ubiquitin-activating (E1) and ligating (E3) enzymes, coordinates the addition of a ubiquitin moiety to existing proteins. The encoded protein promotes the ubiquitination of Fanconi anemia complementation group proteins and may be important in the repair of DNA damage. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| TOP3B | topoisomerase (DNA) III beta|This gene encodes a DNA topoisomerase, an enzyme that controls and alters the topologic states of DNA during transcription. This enzyme catalyzes the transient breaking and rejoining of a single strand of DNA which allows the strands to pass through one another, thus relaxing the supercoils and altering the topology of DNA. The enzyme interacts with DNA helicase SGS1 and plays a role in DNA recombination, cellular aging and maintenance of genome stability. Low expression of this gene may be related to higher survival rates in breast cancer patients. This gene has a pseudogene on chromosome 22. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Additional alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but their full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| TAC1 | tachykinin, precursor 1|This gene encodes four products of the tachykinin peptide hormone family, substance P and neurokinin A, as well as the related peptides, neuropeptide K and neuropeptide gamma. These hormones are thought to function as neurotransmitters which interact with nerve receptors and smooth muscle cells. They are known to induce behavioral responses and function as vasodilators and secretagogues. Substance P is an antimicrobial peptide with antibacterial and antifungal properties. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| PTGFR | prostaglandin F receptor (FP)|The protein encoded by this gene is member of the G-protein coupled receptor family. This protein is a receptor for prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha), which is known to be a potent luteolytic agent, and may also be involved in modulating intraocular pressure and smooth muscle contraction in uterus. Knockout studies in mice suggest that the interaction of PGF2-alpha with this receptor may initiate parturition in ovarian luteal cells and thus induce luteolysis. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARHGEF5 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 5|Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes initiated by extracellular stimuli that work through G protein coupled receptors. The encoded protein may form a complex with G proteins and stimulate Rho-dependent signals. This protein may be involved in the control of cytoskeletal organization. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LIPT2 | lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase 2 (putative)| |
| LIPT1 | lipoyltransferase 1|The process of transferring lipoic acid to proteins is a two-step process. The first step is the activation of lipoic acid by lipoate-activating enzyme to form lipoyl-AMP. For the second step, the protein encoded by this gene transfers the lipoyl moiety to apoproteins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 13. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the neighboring downstream mitochondrial ribosomal protein L30 (MRPL30) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| ARHGEF2 | Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 2|Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes that are initiated by extracellular stimuli that work through G protein coupled receptors. The encoded protein may form complex with G proteins and stimulate rho-dependent signals. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| SCG2 | secretogranin II|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the chromogranin/secretogranin family of neuroendocrine secretory proteins. Studies in rodents suggest that the full-length protein, secretogranin II, is involved in the packaging or sorting of peptide hormones and neuropeptides into secretory vesicles. The full-length protein is cleaved to produce the active peptide secretoneurin, which exerts chemotaxic effects on specific cell types, and EM66, whose function is unknown. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ILK | integrin-linked kinase|This gene encodes a protein with a kinase-like domain and four ankyrin-like repeats. The encoded protein associates at the cell membrane with the cytoplasmic domain of beta integrins, where it regulates integrin-mediated signal transduction. Activity of this protein is important in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and over-expression of this gene is implicated in tumor growth and metastasis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| ADAMTS8 | ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 8|This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The enzyme encoded by this gene contains two C-terminal TS motifs, and disrupts angiogenesis in vivo. A number of disorders have been mapped in the vicinity of this gene, most notably lung neoplasms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADIRF | adipogenesis regulatory factor|APM2 gene is exclusively expressed in adipose tissue. Its function is currently unknown. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FOXO3 | forkhead box O3|This gene belongs to the forkhead family of transcription factors which are characterized by a distinct forkhead domain. This gene likely functions as a trigger for apoptosis through expression of genes necessary for cell death. Translocation of this gene with the MLL gene is associated with secondary acute leukemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LMBR1L | limb development membrane protein 1-like| |
| MAGI2 | membrane associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 2|The protein encoded by this gene interacts with atrophin-1. Atrophin-1 contains a polyglutamine repeat, expansion of which is responsible for dentatorubral and pallidoluysian atrophy. This encoded protein is characterized by two WW domains, a guanylate kinase-like domain, and multiple PDZ domains. It has structural similarity to the membrane-associated guanylate kinase homologue (MAGUK) family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EOGT | EGF domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase| |
| TSPEAR | thrombospondin-type laminin G domain and EAR repeats|This gene encodes a protein that contains a N-terminal thrombospondin-type laminin G domain and several tandem arranged epilepsy-associated repeats (EARs). A mutation in this gene is the cause of autosomal recessive deafness-98. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| CPXM1 | carboxypeptidase X (M14 family), member 1|This gene likely encodes a member of the carboxypeptidase family of proteins. Cloning of a comparable locus in mouse indicates that the encoded protein contains a discoidin domain and a carboxypeptidase domain, but the protein appears to lack residues necessary for carboxypeptidase activity.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| PNO1 | partner of NOB1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| CPXM2 | carboxypeptidase X (M14 family), member 2| |
| MTG2 | mitochondrial ribosome-associated GTPase 2|Small G proteins, such as GTPBP5, act as molecular switches that play crucial roles in the regulation of fundamental cellular processes such as protein synthesis, nuclear transport, membrane trafficking, and signal transduction (Hirano et al., 2006 [PubMed 17054726]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| BMP2K | BMP2 inducible kinase|This gene is the human homolog of mouse BMP-2-inducible kinase. Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) play a key role in skeletal development and patterning. Expression of the mouse gene is increased during BMP-2 induced differentiation and the gene product is a putative serine/threonine protein kinase containing a nuclear localization signal. Therefore, the protein encoded by this human homolog is thought to be a protein kinase with a putative regulatory role in attenuating the program of osteoblast differentiation. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PDE3B | phosphodiesterase 3B, cGMP-inhibited| |
| TEX33 | testis expressed 33| |
| CBFB | core-binding factor, beta subunit|The protein encoded by this gene is the beta subunit of a heterodimeric core-binding transcription factor belonging to the PEBP2/CBF transcription factor family which master-regulates a host of genes specific to hematopoiesis (e.g., RUNX1) and osteogenesis (e.g., RUNX2). The beta subunit is a non-DNA binding regulatory subunit; it allosterically enhances DNA binding by alpha subunit as the complex binds to the core site of various enhancers and promoters, including murine leukemia virus, polyomavirus enhancer, T-cell receptor enhancers and GM-CSF promoters. Alternative splicing generates two mRNA variants, each encoding a distinct carboxyl terminus. In some cases, a pericentric inversion of chromosome 16 [inv(16)(p13q22)] produces a chimeric transcript consisting of the N terminus of core-binding factor beta in a fusion with the C-terminal portion of the smooth muscle myosin heavy chain 11. This chromosomal rearrangement is associated with acute myeloid leukemia of the M4Eo subtype. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RABEP2 | rabaptin, RAB GTPase binding effector protein 2| |
| RABEP1 | rabaptin, RAB GTPase binding effector protein 1| |
| LFNG | LFNG O-fucosylpeptide 3-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase|This gene is a member of the fringe gene family which also includes radical and manic fringe genes. They all encode evolutionarily conserved glycosyltransferases that act in the Notch signaling pathway to define boundaries during embryonic development. While their genomic structure is distinct from other glycosyltransferases, fringe proteins have a fucose-specific beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity that leads to elongation of O-linked fucose residues on Notch, which alters Notch signaling. This gene product is predicted to be a single-pass type II Golgi membrane protein but it may also be secreted and proteolytically processed like the related proteins in mouse and Drosophila (PMID: 9187150). Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive spondylocostal dysostosis 3. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| PENK | proenkephalin| |
| MORF4L2 | mortality factor 4 like 2| |
| ZIM2 | zinc finger, imprinted 2|In human, ZIM2 and PEG3 (GeneID:5178) are two distinct genes that share a set of 5' exons and have a common promoter, and both genes are paternally expressed. Alternative splicing events connect the shared exons either with the remaining 4 exons unique to ZIM2, or with the remaining 2 exons unique to PEG3. This is in contrast to mouse and cow, where ZIM2 and PEG3 genes do not share exons in common, and the imprinting status of ZIM2 is also not conserved amongst mammals. Additional 5' alternatively spliced transcripts encoding the same protein have been found for the human ZIM2 gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| ZIM3 | zinc finger, imprinted 3| |
| NDUFA6 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 6, 14kDa| |
| NDUFA7 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 7, 14.5kDa|This gene encodes a subunit of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I), which is a multiprotein complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| NDUFA4 | NDUFA4, mitochondrial complex associated|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the complex I 9kDa subunit family. Mammalian complex I of mitochondrial respiratory chain is composed of 45 different subunits. This protein has NADH dehydrogenase activity and oxidoreductase activity. It transfers electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NDUFA5 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 5|This nuclear gene encodes a conserved protein that comprises the B13 subunit of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The encoded protein localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it is thought to aid in the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. There are numerous pseudogenes of this gene on chromosomes 1, 3, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, and 16. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| NDUFA2 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 2, 8kDa|The encoded protein is a subunit of the hydrophobic protein fraction of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex 1), the first enzyme complex in the electron transport chain located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, and may be involved in regulating complex I activity or its assembly via assistance in redox processes. Mutations in this gene are associated with Leigh syndrome, an early-onset progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| NDUFA3 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 3, 9kDa| |
| NDUFA1 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 1, 7.5kDa|The human NDUFA1 gene codes for an essential component of complex I of the respiratory chain, which transfers electrons from NADH to ubiquinone. It has been noted that the N-terminal hydrophobic domain has the potential to be folded into an alpha-helix spanning the inner mitochondrial membrane with a C-terminal hydrophilic domain interacting with globular subunits of complex I. The highly conserved two-domain structure suggests that this feature is critical for the protein function and might act as an anchor for the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex at the inner mitochondrial membrane. However, the NDUFA1 peptide is one of about 31 components of the "hydrophobic protein" (HP) fraction of complex I which is involved in proton translocation. Thus the NDUFA1 peptide may also participate in that function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ASPSCR1 | alveolar soft part sarcoma chromosome region, candidate 1|The protein encoded by this gene contains a UBX domain and interacts with glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4). This protein is a tether, which sequesters the GLUT4 in intracellular vesicles in muscle and fat cells in the absence of insulin, and redistributes the GLUT4 to the plasma membrane within minutes of insulin stimulation. Translocation t(X;17)(p11;q25) of this gene with transcription factor TFE3 gene results in a ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion protein in alveolar soft part sarcoma and in renal cell carcinomas. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| NDUFA8 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 8, 19kDa|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the complex I 19 kDA subunit family. Mammalian complex I is composed of 45 different subunits. This protein has NADH dehydrogenase activity and oxidoreductase activity. It plays an important role in transfering electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NDUFA9 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 9, 39kDa|The encoded protein is a subunit of the hydrophobic protein fraction of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I), the first enzyme complex in the electron transport chain located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| GPR64 | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G2|This gene encodes a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family described as an epididymis-specific transmembrane protein. The encoded protein may be proteolytically processed as it contains a motif shown to be a protein scission motif in some members of this family (PMID: 11973329). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| CR1 | complement component (3b/4b) receptor 1 (Knops blood group)|This gene is a member of the receptors of complement activation (RCA) family and is located in the 'cluster RCA' region of chromosome 1. The gene encodes a monomeric single-pass type I membrane glycoprotein found on erythrocytes, leukocytes, glomerular podocytes, and splenic follicular dendritic cells. The Knops blood group system is a system of antigens located on this protein. The protein mediates cellular binding to particles and immune complexes that have activated complement. Decreases in expression of this protein and/or mutations in its gene have been associated with gallbladder carcinomas, mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and sarcoidosis. Mutations in this gene have also been associated with a reduction in Plasmodium falciparum rosetting, conferring protection against severe malaria. Alternate allele-specific splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. Additional allele specific isoforms, including a secreted form, have been described but have not been fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FLT3LG | fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand|Dendritic cells (DCs) provide the key link between innate and adaptive immunity by recognizing pathogens and priming pathogen-specific immune responses. FLT3LG controls the development of DCs and is particularly important for plasmacytoid DCs and CD8 (see MIM 186910)-positive classical DCs and their CD103 (ITGAE; MIM 604682)-positive tissue counterparts (summary by Sathaliyawala et al., 2010 [PubMed 20933441]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2011] |
| GPR63 | G protein-coupled receptor 63|This gene encodes a G protein-coupled receptor. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| GPR61 | G protein-coupled receptor 61|This gene belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. G protein-coupled receptors contain 7 transmembrane domains and transduce extracellular signals through heterotrimeric G proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is most closely related to biogenic amine receptors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PNOC | prepronociceptin| |
| FAM171A2 | family with sequence similarity 171, member A2| |
| FAM171A1 | family with sequence similarity 171, member A1| |
| MAEA | macrophage erythroblast attacher|This gene encodes a protein that mediates the attachment of erythroblasts to macrophages. This attachment promotes terminal maturation and enucleation of erythroblasts, presumably by suppressing apoptosis. The encoded protein is an integral membrane protein with the N-terminus on the extracellular side and the C-terminus on the cytoplasmic side of the cell. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| STOX2 | storkhead box 2| |
| CDH2 | cadherin 2, type 1, N-cadherin (neuronal)|This gene is a classical cadherin from the cadherin superfamily. The encoded protein is a calcium dependent cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein comprised of five extracellular cadherin repeats, a transmembrane region and a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail. The protein functions during gastrulation and is required for establishment of left-right asymmetry. At certain central nervous system synapses, presynaptic to postsynaptic adhesion is mediated at least in part by this gene product. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TBL1XR1 | transducin (beta)-like 1 X-linked receptor 1|The protein encoded by this gene has sequence similarity with members of the WD40 repeat-containing protein family. The WD40 group is a large family of proteins, which appear to have a regulatory function. It is believed that the WD40 repeats mediate protein-protein interactions and members of the family are involved in signal transduction, RNA processing, gene regulation, vesicular trafficking, cytoskeletal assembly and may play a role in the control of cytotypic differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SNRK | SNF related kinase|SNRK is a member of the sucrose nonfermenting (SNF)-related kinase family of serine/threonine kinases (Kertesz et al., 2002 [PubMed 12234663]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2009] |
| MAEL | maelstrom spermatogenic transposon silencer| |
| IL6 | interleukin 6|This gene encodes a cytokine that functions in inflammation and the maturation of B cells. In addition, the encoded protein has been shown to be an endogenous pyrogen capable of inducing fever in people with autoimmune diseases or infections. The protein is primarily produced at sites of acute and chronic inflammation, where it is secreted into the serum and induces a transcriptional inflammatory response through interleukin 6 receptor, alpha. The functioning of this gene is implicated in a wide variety of inflammation-associated disease states, including suspectibility to diabetes mellitus and systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| IL7 | interleukin 7|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine important for B and T cell development. This cytokine and the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) form a heterodimer that functions as a pre-pro-B cell growth-stimulating factor. This cytokine is found to be a cofactor for V(D)J rearrangement of the T cell receptor beta (TCRB) during early T cell development. This cytokine can be produced locally by intestinal epithelial and epithelial goblet cells, and may serve as a regulatory factor for intestinal mucosal lymphocytes. Knockout studies in mice suggested that this cytokine plays an essential role in lymphoid cell survival. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Additional splice variants have been described but their presence in normal tissues has not been confirmed.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| IL4 | interleukin 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by activated T cells. This cytokine is a ligand for interleukin 4 receptor. The interleukin 4 receptor also binds to IL13, which may contribute to many overlapping functions of this cytokine and IL13. STAT6, a signal transducer and activator of transcription, has been shown to play a central role in mediating the immune regulatory signal of this cytokine. This gene, IL3, IL5, IL13, and CSF2 form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 5q, with this gene particularly close to IL13. This gene, IL13 and IL5 are found to be regulated coordinately by several long-range regulatory elements in an over 120 kilobase range on the chromosome. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IL5 | interleukin 5|This gene encodes a cytokine that acts as a growth and differentiation factor for both B cells and eosinophils. The encoded cytokine plays a major role in the regulation of eosinophil formation, maturation, recruitment and survival. The increased production of this cytokine may be related to pathogenesis of eosinophil-dependent inflammatory diseases. This cytokine functions by binding to its receptor, which is a heterodimer, whose beta subunit is shared with the receptors for interleukine 3 (IL3) and colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2/GM-CSF). This gene is located on chromosome 5 within a cytokine gene cluster which includes interleukin 4 (IL4), interleukin 13 (IL13), and CSF2 . This gene, IL4, and IL13 may be regulated coordinately by long-range regulatory elements spread over 120 kilobases on chromosome 5q31. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| CACFD1 | calcium channel flower domain containing 1| |
| IL3 | interleukin 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a potent growth promoting cytokine. This cytokine is capable of supporting the proliferation of a broad range of hematopoietic cell types. It is involved in a variety of cell activities such as cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. This cytokine has been shown to also possess neurotrophic activity, and it may be associated with neurologic disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FGD6 | FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing 6| |
| MYH3 | myosin, heavy chain 3, skeletal muscle, embryonic|Myosin is a major contractile protein which converts chemical energy into mechanical energy through the hydrolysis of ATP. Myosin is a hexameric protein composed of a pair of myosin heavy chains (MYH) and two pairs of nonidentical light chains. This gene is a member of the MYH family and encodes a protein with an IQ domain and a myosin head-like domain. Mutations in this gene have been associated with two congenital contracture (arthrogryposis) syndromes, Freeman-Sheldon syndrome and Sheldon-Hall syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IL9 | interleukin 9|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that acts as a regulator of a variety of hematopoietic cells. This cytokine stimulates cell proliferation and prevents apoptosis. It functions through the interleukin 9 receptor (IL9R), which activates different signal transducer and activator (STAT) proteins and thus connects this cytokine to various biological processes. The gene encoding this cytokine has been identified as a candidate gene for asthma. Genetic studies on a mouse model of asthma demonstrated that this cytokine is a determining factor in the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLGLB1 | plasminogen-like B1| |
| GNS | glucosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase|The product of this gene is a lysosomal enzyme found in all cells. It is involved in the catabolism of heparin, heparan sulphate, and keratan sulphate. Deficiency of this enzyme results in the accumulation of undegraded substrate and the lysosomal storage disorder mucopolysaccharidosis type IIID (Sanfilippo D syndrome). Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIID is the least common of the four subtypes of Sanfilippo syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SAT2 | spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase family member 2| |
| DTX1 | deltex 1, E3 ubiquitin ligase|Studies in Drosophila have identified this gene as encoding a positive regulator of the Notch-signaling pathway. The human gene encodes a protein of unknown function; however, it may play a role in basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DTX2 | deltex 2, E3 ubiquitin ligase|DTX2 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase (Takeyama et al., 2003 [PubMed 12670957]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2009] |
| BIRC8 | baculoviral IAP repeat containing 8| |
| BIRC7 | baculoviral IAP repeat containing 7|This gene encodes a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, and contains a single copy of a baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR) as well as a RING-type zinc finger domain. The BIR domain is essential for inhibitory activity and interacts with caspases, while the RING finger domain sometimes enhances antiapoptotic activity but does not inhibit apoptosis alone. Elevated levels of the encoded protein may be associated with cancer progression and play a role in chemotherapy sensitivity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| BIRC6 | baculoviral IAP repeat containing 6|This gene encodes a protein with a BIR (baculoviral inhibition of apoptosis protein repeat) domain and a UBCc (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2, catalytic) domain. This protein inhibits apoptosis by facilitating the degradation of apoptotic proteins by ubiquitination. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BIRC5 | baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5|This gene is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) gene family, which encode negative regulatory proteins that prevent apoptotic cell death. IAP family members usually contain multiple baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR) domains, but this gene encodes proteins with only a single BIR domain. The encoded proteins also lack a C-terminus RING finger domain. Gene expression is high during fetal development and in most tumors, yet low in adult tissues. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| BIRC3 | baculoviral IAP repeat containing 3|This gene encodes a member of the IAP family of proteins that inhibit apoptosis by binding to tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors TRAF1 and TRAF2, probably by interfering with activation of ICE-like proteases. The encoded protein inhibits apoptosis induced by serum deprivation but does not affect apoptosis resulting from exposure to menadione, a potent inducer of free radicals. It contains 3 baculovirus IAP repeats and a ring finger domain. Transcript variants encoding the same isoform have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| BIRC2 | baculoviral IAP repeat containing 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of proteins that inhibits apoptosis by binding to tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors TRAF1 and TRAF2, probably by interfering with activation of ICE-like proteases. This encoded protein inhibits apoptosis induced by serum deprivation and menadione, a potent inducer of free radicals. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| EIF6 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6|Hemidesmosomes are structures which link the basal lamina to the intermediate filament cytoskeleton. An important functional component of hemidesmosomes is the integrin beta-4 subunit (ITGB4), a protein containing two fibronectin type III domains. The protein encoded by this gene binds to the fibronectin type III domains of ITGB4 and may help link ITGB4 to the intermediate filament cytoskeleton. The encoded protein, which is insoluble and found both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm, can function as a translation initiation factor and prevent the association of the 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits. Multiple non-protein coding transcript variants and variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| OXR1 | oxidation resistance 1| |
| GNE | glucosamine (UDP-N-acetyl)-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase|The protein encoded by this gene is a bifunctional enzyme that initiates and regulates the biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc), a precursor of sialic acids. It is a rate-limiting enzyme in the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway. Sialic acid modification of cell surface molecules is crucial for their function in many biologic processes, including cell adhesion and signal transduction. Differential sialylation of cell surface molecules is also implicated in the tumorigenicity and metastatic behavior of malignant cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with sialuria, autosomal recessive inclusion body myopathy, and Nonaka myopathy. Alternative splicing of this gene results in transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANKRD17 | ankyrin repeat domain 17|This gene encodes a protein with ankyrin repeats, which are associated with protein-protein interactions. Studies in mice suggest that this protein is involved in liver development. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| TXNL4B | thioredoxin-like 4B| |
| INSM1 | insulinoma-associated 1|Insulinoma-associated 1 (INSM1) gene is intronless and encodes a protein containing both a zinc finger DNA-binding domain and a putative prohormone domain. This gene is a sensitive marker for neuroendocrine differentiation of human lung tumors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANKRD12 | ankyrin repeat domain 12|This gene encodes a member of the ankyrin repeats-containing cofactor family. These proteins may inhibit the transcriptional activity of nuclear receptors through the recruitment of histone deacetylases. The encoded protein interacts with p160 coactivators and also represses transcription mediated by the coactivator alteration/deficiency in activation 3 (ADA3). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| ANKRD10 | ankyrin repeat domain 10| |
| MKX | mohawk homeobox|The protein encoded by this gene is an IRX family-related homeobox protein that may play a role in cell adhesion. Studies in mice suggest that this protein may be a regulator of tendon development. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| TMEM35 | transmembrane protein 35| |
| TMEM37 | transmembrane protein 37| |
| GRM3 | glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3|L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in most aspects of normal brain function and can be perturbed in many neuropathologic conditions. The metabotropic glutamate receptors are a family of G protein-coupled receptors, that have been divided into 3 groups on the basis of sequence homology, putative signal transduction mechanisms, and pharmacologic properties. Group I includes GRM1 and GRM5 and these receptors have been shown to activate phospholipase C. Group II includes GRM2 and GRM3 while Group III includes GRM4, GRM6, GRM7 and GRM8. Group II and III receptors are linked to the inhibition of the cyclic AMP cascade but differ in their agonist selectivities. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NSF | N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor| |
| TMEM33 | transmembrane protein 33| |
| PDPK1 | 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1| |
| NUTM2B | NUT family member 2B| |
| RMI2 | RecQ mediated genome instability 2|RMI2 is a component of the BLM (RECQL3; MIM 604610) complex, which plays a role in homologous recombination-dependent DNA repair and is essential for genome stability (Xu et al., 2008 [PubMed 18923082]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2008] |
| NUTM2A | NUT family member 2A| |
| CORO7 | coronin 7|Coronins, such as CORO7, constitute an evolutionarily conserved family of WD-repeat actin-binding proteins. CORO7 plays a role in Golgi complex morphology and function (Rybakin et al., 2004, 2006 [PubMed 15327992] [PubMed 16905771]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| NT5C2 | 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II|This gene encodes a hydrolase that serves as an important role in cellular purine metabolism by acting primarily on inosine 5'-monophosphate and other purine nucleotides. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| MEA1 | male-enhanced antigen 1| |
| POU3F2 | POU class 3 homeobox 2|This gene encodes a member of the POU-III class of neural transcription factors. The encoded protein is involved in neuronal differentiation and enhances the activation of corticotropin-releasing hormone regulated genes. Overexpression of this protein is associated with an increase in the proliferation of melanoma cells. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| POU3F1 | POU class 3 homeobox 1| |
| OTOP2 | otopetrin 2| |
| SNRNP200 | small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 200kDa (U5)|Pre-mRNA splicing is catalyzed by the spliceosome, a complex of specialized RNA and protein subunits that removes introns from a transcribed pre-mRNA segment. The spliceosome consists of small nuclear RNA proteins (snRNPs) U1, U2, U4, U5 and U6, together with approximately 80 conserved proteins. U5 snRNP contains nine specific proteins. This gene encodes one of the U5 snRNP-specific proteins. This protein belongs to the DEXH-box family of putative RNA helicases. It is a core component of U4/U6-U5 snRNPs and appears to catalyze an ATP-dependent unwinding of U4/U6 RNA duplices. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found, but the full-length nature of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| POU3F4 | POU class 3 homeobox 4|This gene encodes a member of the POU-III class of neural transcription factors. This family member plays a role in inner ear development. The protein is thought to be involved in the mediation of epigenetic signals which induce striatal neuron-precursor differentiation. Mutations in this gene are associated with X chromosome-linked nonsyndromic mixed deafness. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| RAMP1 | receptor (G protein-coupled) activity modifying protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAMP family of single-transmembrane-domain proteins, called receptor (calcitonin) activity modifying proteins (RAMPs). RAMPs are type I transmembrane proteins with an extracellular N terminus and a cytoplasmic C terminus. RAMPs are required to transport calcitonin-receptor-like receptor (CRLR) to the plasma membrane. CRLR, a receptor with seven transmembrane domains, can function as either a calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor or an adrenomedullin receptor, depending on which members of the RAMP family are expressed. In the presence of this (RAMP1) protein, CRLR functions as a CGRP receptor. The RAMP1 protein is involved in the terminal glycosylation, maturation, and presentation of the CGRP receptor to the cell surface. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| MNS1 | meiosis-specific nuclear structural 1|This gene encodes a protein highly similar to the mouse meiosis-specific nuclear structural 1 protein. The mouse protein was shown to be expressed at the pachytene stage during spermatogenesis and may function as a nuclear skeletal protein to regulate nuclear morphology during meiosis. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| HAGHL | hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase-like| |
| RAMP3 | receptor (G protein-coupled) activity modifying protein 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAMP family of single-transmembrane-domain proteins, called receptor (calcitonin) activity modifying proteins (RAMPs). RAMPs are type I transmembrane proteins with an extracellular N terminus and a cytoplasmic C terminus. RAMPs are required to transport calcitonin-receptor-like receptor (CRLR) to the plasma membrane. CRLR, a receptor with seven transmembrane domains, can function as either a calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor or an adrenomedullin receptor, depending on which members of the RAMP family are expressed. In the presence of this (RAMP3) protein, CRLR functions as an adrenomedullin receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MYH6 | myosin, heavy chain 6, cardiac muscle, alpha|Cardiac muscle myosin is a hexamer consisting of two heavy chain subunits, two light chain subunits, and two regulatory subunits. This gene encodes the alpha heavy chain subunit of cardiac myosin. The gene is located ~4kb downstream of the gene encoding the beta heavy chain subunit of cardiac myosin. Mutations in this gene cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and atrial septal defect 3. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| KRTAP4-12 | keratin associated protein 4-12|This protein is a member of the keratin-associated protein (KAP) family. The KAP proteins form a matrix of keratin intermediate filaments which contribute to the structure of hair fibers. KAP family members appear to have unique, family-specific amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions and are subdivided into three multi-gene families according to amino acid composition: the high sulfur, the ultrahigh sulfur, and the high tyrosine/glycine KAPs. This protein is a member of the ultrahigh sulfur KAP family and the gene is localized to a cluster of KAPs at 17q12-q21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM53B | family with sequence similarity 53, member B| |
| FAM53C | family with sequence similarity 53, member C| |
| FAM53A | family with sequence similarity 53, member A| |
| POGK | pogo transposable element with KRAB domain|The exact function of the protein encoded by this gene is not known. However, this gene product contains a KRAB domain (which is involved in protein-protein interactions) at the N-terminus, and a transposase domain at the C-terminus, suggesting that it may belong to the family of DNA-mediated transposons in human. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANO10 | anoctamin 10|The transmembrane protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of calcium-activated chloride channels. Defects in this gene may be a cause of autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia-10. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| POGZ | pogo transposable element with ZNF domain|The protein encoded by this gene appears to be a zinc finger protein containing a transposase domain at the C-terminus. This protein was found to interact with the transcription factor SP1 in a yeast two-hybrid system. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| GSTCD | glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain containing| |
| PRUNE2 | prune homolog 2 (Drosophila)| |
| SOGA1 | suppressor of glucose, autophagy associated 1| |
| SSH2 | slingshot protein phosphatase 2|This gene encodes a protein tyrosine phosphatase that plays a key role in the regulation of actin filaments. The encoded protein dephosphorylates and activates cofilin, which promotes actin filament depolymerization. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| CRIM1 | cysteine rich transmembrane BMP regulator 1 (chordin-like)|This gene encodes a transmembrane protein containing six cysteine-rich repeat domains and an insulin-like growth factor-binding domain. The encoded protein may play a role in tissue development though interactions with members of the transforming growth factor beta family, such as bone morphogenetic proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| SP100 | SP100 nuclear antigen|This gene encodes a subnuclear organelle and major component of the PML (promyelocytic leukemia)-SP100 nuclear bodies. PML and SP100 are covalently modified by the SUMO-1 modifier, which is considered crucial to nuclear body interactions. The encoded protein binds heterochromatin proteins and is thought to play a role in tumorigenesis, immunity, and gene regulation. Alternatively spliced variants have been identified for this gene; one of which encodes a high-mobility group protein. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| PARG | poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase|Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) is the major enzyme responsible for the catabolism of poly(ADP-ribose), a reversible covalent-modifier of chromosomal proteins. The protein is found in many tissues and may be subject to proteolysis generating smaller, active products. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| DHDDS | dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes cis-prenyl chain elongation to produce the polyprenyl backbone of dolichol, a glycosyl carrier lipid required for the biosynthesis of several classes of glycoproteins. Mutations in this gene are associated with retinitis pigmentosa type 59. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| TIMP4 | TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 4|This gene belongs to the TIMP gene family. The proteins encoded by this gene family are inhibitors of the matrix metalloproteinases, a group of peptidases involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix. The secreted, netrin domain-containing protein encoded by this gene is involved in regulation of platelet aggregation and recruitment and may play role in hormonal regulation and endometrial tissue remodeling. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TIMP3 | TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3|This gene belongs to the TIMP gene family. The proteins encoded by this gene family are inhibitors of the matrix metalloproteinases, a group of peptidases involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Expression of this gene is induced in response to mitogenic stimulation and this netrin domain-containing protein is localized to the ECM. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the autosomal dominant disorder Sorsby's fundus dystrophy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TIMP2 | TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2|This gene is a member of the TIMP gene family. The proteins encoded by this gene family are natural inhibitors of the matrix metalloproteinases, a group of peptidases involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix. In addition to an inhibitory role against metalloproteinases, the encoded protein has a unique role among TIMP family members in its ability to directly suppress the proliferation of endothelial cells. As a result, the encoded protein may be critical to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis by suppressing the proliferation of quiescent tissues in response to angiogenic factors, and by inhibiting protease activity in tissues undergoing remodelling of the extracellular matrix. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TIMP1 | TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1|This gene belongs to the TIMP gene family. The proteins encoded by this gene family are natural inhibitors of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a group of peptidases involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix. In addition to its inhibitory role against most of the known MMPs, the encoded protein is able to promote cell proliferation in a wide range of cell types, and may also have an anti-apoptotic function. Transcription of this gene is highly inducible in response to many cytokines and hormones. In addition, the expression from some but not all inactive X chromosomes suggests that this gene inactivation is polymorphic in human females. This gene is located within intron 6 of the synapsin I gene and is transcribed in the opposite direction. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PARS2 | prolyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial (putative)|This gene encodes a putative member of the class II family of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. These enzymes play a critical role in protein biosynthesis by charging tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. This protein is encoded by the nuclear genome but is likely to be imported to the mitochondrion where it is thought to catalyze the ligation of proline to tRNA molecules. Mutations have been found in this gene in some patients with Alpers syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015] |
| NRCAM | neuronal cell adhesion molecule|Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily. This gene encodes a neuronal cell adhesion molecule with multiple immunoglobulin-like C2-type domains and fibronectin type-III domains. This ankyrin-binding protein is involved in neuron-neuron adhesion and promotes directional signaling during axonal cone growth. This gene is also expressed in non-neural tissues and may play a general role in cell-cell communication via signaling from its intracellular domain to the actin cytoskeleton during directional cell migration. Allelic variants of this gene have been associated with autism and addiction vulnerability. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PARN | poly(A)-specific ribonuclease|The protein encoded by this gene is a 3'-exoribonuclease, with similarity to the RNase D family of 3'-exonucleases. It prefers poly(A) as the substrate, hence, efficiently degrades poly(A) tails of mRNAs. Exonucleolytic degradation of the poly(A) tail is often the first step in the decay of eukaryotic mRNAs. This protein is also involved in silencing of certain maternal mRNAs during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development, as well as in nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of mRNAs that contain premature stop codons. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| PARL | presenilin associated, rhomboid-like|This gene encodes a mitochondrial integral membrane protein. Following proteolytic processing of this protein, a small peptide (P-beta) is formed and translocated to the nucleus. This gene may be involved in signal transduction via regulated intramembrane proteolysis of membrane-tethered precursor proteins. Variation in this gene has been associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MCF2L2 | MCF.2 cell line derived transforming sequence-like 2| |
| CRY1 | cryptochrome circadian clock 1|This gene encodes a flavin adenine dinucleotide-binding protein that is a key component of the circadian core oscillator complex, which regulates the circadian clock. This gene is upregulated by CLOCK/ARNTL heterodimers but then represses this upregulation in a feedback loop using PER/CRY heterodimers to interact with CLOCK/ARNTL. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with altered sleep patterns. The encoded protein is widely conserved across plants and animals. Loss of the related gene in mouse results in a shortened circadian cycle in complete darkness. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| EPO | erythropoietin|This gene is a member of the EPO/TPO family and encodes a secreted, glycosylated cytokine composed of four alpha helical bundles. The protein is found in the plasma and regulates red cell production by promoting erythroid differentiation and initiating hemoglobin synthesis. This protein also has neuroprotective activity against a variety of potential brain injuries and antiapoptotic functions in several tissue types. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PI4K2B | phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2 beta|Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (PI4Ks) phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol to generate phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP), an immediate precursor of several important signaling and scaffolding molecules. PIP itself may also have direct functional and structural roles. PI4K2B is a primarily cytosolic PI4K that is recruited to membranes, where it stimulates phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate synthesis (Wei et al., 2002 [PubMed 12324459]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2008] |
| CRY2 | cryptochrome circadian clock 2|This gene encodes a flavin adenine dinucleotide-binding protein that is a key component of the circadian core oscillator complex, which regulates the circadian clock. This gene is upregulated by CLOCK/ARNTL heterodimers but then represses this upregulation in a feedback loop using PER/CRY heterodimers to interact with CLOCK/ARNTL. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with altered sleep patterns. The encoded protein is widely conserved across plants and animals. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| PI4K2A | phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2 alpha|Phosphatidylinositolpolyphosphates (PtdInsPs) are centrally involved in many biologic processes, ranging from cell growth and organization of the actin cytoskeleton to endo- and exocytosis. PI4KII phosphorylates PtdIns at the D-4 position, an essential step in the biosynthesis of PtdInsPs (Barylko et al., 2001 [PubMed 11244087]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| HIBADH | 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase|This gene encodes a mitochondrial 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase enzyme. The encoded protein plays a critical role in the catabolism of L-valine by catalyzing the oxidation of 3-hydroxyisobutyrate to methylmalonate semialdehyde. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| LTN1 | listerin E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1|Like most RING finger proteins, LTN1 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase (Chu et al., 2009 [PubMed 19196968]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| NHLRC3 | NHL repeat containing 3|This gene encodes a protein containing NCL-1, HT2A and Lin-41 (NHL) family repeats. Mammalian NHL-repeat containing proteins may be involved in a variety of enzymatic processes, including protein modification through ubiquitination. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| NHLRC2 | NHL repeat containing 2| |
| NHLRC1 | NHL repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a single subunit E3 ubiquitin ligase. Laforin is polyubiquitinated by the encoded protein. Defects in this intronless gene lead to an accumulation of laforin and onset of Lafora disease, also known as progressive myoclonic epilepsy type 2 (EPM2).[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| NPY4R | neuropeptide Y receptor Y4| |
| PAFAH1B1 | platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase 1b, regulatory subunit 1 (45kDa)|This locus was identified as encoding a gene that when mutated or lost caused the lissencephaly associated with Miller-Dieker lissencephaly syndrome. This gene encodes the non-catalytic alpha subunit of the intracellular Ib isoform of platelet-activating factor acteylhydrolase, a heterotrimeric enzyme that specifically catalyzes the removal of the acetyl group at the SN-2 position of platelet-activating factor (identified as 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine). Two other isoforms of intracellular platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase exist: one composed of multiple subunits, the other, a single subunit. In addition, a single-subunit isoform of this enzyme is found in serum. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| CXorf56 | chromosome X open reading frame 56|While this gene is well-supported by transcript data, no functional information on its protein products is currently available. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| CXorf57 | chromosome X open reading frame 57| |
| SH3BP4 | SH3-domain binding protein 4|This gene encodes a protein with 3 Asn-Pro-Phe (NPF) motifs, an SH3 domain, a PXXP motif, a bipartite nuclear targeting signal, and a tyrosine phosphorylation site. This protein is involved in cargo-specific control of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, specifically controlling the internalization of a specific protein receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LYZ | lysozyme|This gene encodes human lysozyme, whose natural substrate is the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan (cleaving the beta[1-4]glycosidic linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine). Lysozyme is one of the antimicrobial agents found in human milk, and is also present in spleen, lung, kidney, white blood cells, plasma, saliva, and tears. The protein has antibacterial activity against a number of bacterial species. Missense mutations in this gene have been identified in heritable renal amyloidosis. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| GSE1 | Gse1 coiled-coil protein| |
| SUSD4 | sushi domain containing 4| |
| SYCE2 | synaptonemal complex central element protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene is part of the synaptonemal complex formed between homologous chromosomes during meiotic prophase. The encoded protein associates with SYCP1 and SYCE1 and is found only where chromosome cores are synapsed. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| SUSD2 | sushi domain containing 2| |
| SUSD3 | sushi domain containing 3| |
| CMTM3 | CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 3|This gene belongs to the chemokine-like factor gene superfamily, a novel family that is similar to the chemokine and the transmembrane 4 superfamilies of signaling molecules. This gene is one of several chemokine-like factor genes located in a cluster on chromosome 16. Alternatively spliced transcript variants containing different 5' UTRs, but encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SUSD1 | sushi domain containing 1| |
| LYN | LYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase|This gene encodes a tyrosine protein kinase, which maybe involved in the regulation of mast cell degranulation, and erythroid differentiation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| SLC26A11 | solute carrier family 26 (anion exchanger), member 11|This gene encodes a member of the solute linked carrier 26 family of anion exchangers. Members of this family of proteins are essential for numerous cellular functions including homeostasis and intracellular electrolyte balance. The encoded protein is a sodium independent sulfate transporter that is sensitive to the anion exchanger inhibitor 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| PRH2 | proline-rich protein HaeIII subfamily 2| |
| TINAGL1 | tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen-like 1|The protein encoded by this gene is similar in sequence to tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen, a secreted glycoprotein that is recognized by antibodies in some types of immune-related tubulointerstitial nephritis. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| MED23 | mediator complex subunit 23|The activation of gene transcription is a multistep process that is triggered by factors that recognize transcriptional enhancer sites in DNA. These factors work with co-activators to direct transcriptional initiation by the RNA polymerase II apparatus. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the CRSP (cofactor required for SP1 activation) complex, which, along with TFIID, is required for efficient activation by SP1. This protein is also a component of other multisubunit complexes e.g. thyroid hormone receptor-(TR-) associated proteins which interact with TR and facilitate TR function on DNA templates in conjunction with initiation factors and cofactors. This protein also acts as a metastasis suppressor. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| LY9 | lymphocyte antigen 9|LY9 belongs to the SLAM family of immunomodulatory receptors (see SLAMF1; MIM 603492) and interacts with the adaptor molecule SAP (SH2D1A; MIM 300490) (Graham et al., 2006 [PubMed 16365421]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ACOT11 | acyl-CoA thioesterase 11|This gene encodes a member of the acyl-CoA thioesterase family which catalyse the conversion of activated fatty acids to the corresponding non-esterified fatty acid and coenzyme A. Expression of a mouse homolog in brown adipose tissue is induced by low temperatures and repressed by warm temperatures. Higher levels of expression of the mouse homolog has been found in obesity-resistant mice compared with obesity-prone mice, suggesting a role of acyl-CoA thioesterase 11 in obesity. Alternative splicing results in transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| SEMA7A | semaphorin 7A, GPI membrane anchor (John Milton Hagen blood group)|The protein encoded by this gene binds to cell surfaces through a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage. The encoded glycoprotein is found on activated lymphocytes and erythrocytes. This protein may be involved in immunomodulatory and neuronal processes. Defects in this gene can result in loss of bone mineral density (BMD). Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| IP6K2 | inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 2|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the inositol phosphokinase (IPK) family. This protein is likely responsible for the conversion of inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) to diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (InsP7/PP-InsP5). It may also convert 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate (InsP5) to PP-InsP4 and affect the growth suppressive and apoptotic activities of interferon-beta in some ovarian cancers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IP6K1 | inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1|This gene encodes a member of the inositol phosphokinase family. The encoded protein may be responsible for the conversion of inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) to diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (InsP7/PP-InsP5). It may also convert 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate (InsP5) to PP-InsP4. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| OTUD6B | OTU domain containing 6B|This gene encodes a member of the ovarian tumor domain (OTU)-containing subfamily of deubiquitinating enzymes. Deubiquitinating enzymes are primarily involved in removing ubiquitin from proteins targeted for degradation. This protein may function as a negative regulator of the cell cycle in B cells. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| OTUD6A | OTU deubiquitinase 6A|Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs; see MIM 603478) are proteases that specifically cleave ubiquitin (MIM 191339) linkages, negating the action of ubiquitin ligases. DUBA2 belongs to a DUB subfamily characterized by an ovarian tumor (OTU) domain.[supplied by OMIM, May 2008] |
| LIN9 | lin-9 DREAM MuvB core complex component|This gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein that inhibits DNA synthesis and oncogenic transformation through association with the retinoblastoma 1 protein. The encoded protein also interacts with a complex of other cell cycle regulators to repress cell cycle-dependent gene expression in non-dividing cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| BRSK1 | BR serine/threonine kinase 1| |
| MIF4GD | MIF4G domain containing|This gene encodes a protein which interacts with the N-terminus of the stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) and the 3' end of histone mRNA. This interaction facilitates the activation of histone mRNA translation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| TLR2 | toll-like receptor 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is expressed most abundantly in peripheral blood leukocytes, and mediates host response to Gram-positive bacteria and yeast via stimulation of NF-kappaB. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DPCR1 | diffuse panbronchiolitis critical region 1| |
| DDX6 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box helicase 6|This gene encodes a member of the DEAD box protein family. The protein is an RNA helicase found in P-bodies and stress granules, and functions in translation suppression and mRNA degradation. It is required for microRNA-induced gene silencing. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| TLR1 | toll-like receptor 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is ubiquitously expressed, and at higher levels than other TLR genes. Different length transcripts presumably resulting from use of alternative polyadenylation site, and/or from alternative splicing, have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TLR6 | toll-like receptor 6|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This receptor functionally interacts with toll-like receptor 2 to mediate cellular response to bacterial lipoproteins. A Ser249Pro polymorphism in the extracellular domain of the encoded protein may be associated with an increased of asthma is some populations.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| TLR7 | toll-like receptor 7|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is predominantly expressed in lung, placenta, and spleen, and lies in close proximity to another family member, TLR8, on chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TLR4 | toll-like receptor 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This receptor has been implicated in signal transduction events induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in most gram-negative bacteria. Mutations in this gene have been associated with differences in LPS responsiveness. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| TLR5 | toll-like receptor 5|This gene encodes a member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immune responses. These receptors recognize distinct pathogen-associated molecular patterns that are expressed on infectious agents. The protein encoded by this gene recognizes bacterial flagellin, the principal component of bacterial flagella and a virulence factor. The activation of this receptor mobilizes the nuclear factor NF-kappaB, which in turn activates a host of inflammatory-related target genes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with both resistance and susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus, and susceptibility to Legionnaire disease.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| MYO15B | myosin XVB| |
| TLR8 | toll-like receptor 8|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is predominantly expressed in lung and peripheral blood leukocytes, and lies in close proximity to another family member, TLR7, on chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TLR9 | toll-like receptor 9|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is preferentially expressed in immune cell rich tissues, such as spleen, lymph node, bone marrow and peripheral blood leukocytes. Studies in mice and human indicate that this receptor mediates cellular response to unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in bacterial DNA to mount an innate immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SCN3A | sodium channel, voltage gated, type III alpha subunit|Voltage-gated sodium channels are transmembrane glycoprotein complexes composed of a large alpha subunit with 24 transmembrane domains and one or more regulatory beta subunits. They are responsible for the generation and propagation of action potentials in neurons and muscle. This gene encodes one member of the sodium channel alpha subunit gene family, and is found in a cluster of five alpha subunit genes on chromosome 2. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SCN3B | sodium channel, voltage gated, type III beta subunit|Voltage-gated sodium channels are transmembrane glycoprotein complexes composed of a large alpha subunit and one or more regulatory beta subunits. They are responsible for the generation and propagation of action potentials in neurons and muscle. This gene encodes one member of the sodium channel beta subunit gene family, and influences the inactivation kinetics of the sodium channel. Two alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CYB5D1 | cytochrome b5 domain containing 1| |
| ZNF215 | zinc finger protein 215| |
| ZNF214 | zinc finger protein 214| |
| ZNF217 | zinc finger protein 217| |
| HLA-H | major histocompatibility complex, class I, H (pseudogene)|This major histocompatibility complex gene represents a transcribed pseudogene, possibly derived from HLA-A. This gene displays extensive variation. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| ZNF211 | zinc finger protein 211|This gene encodes a protein containing a Kruppel-associated box domain and multiple zinc finger domains. This protein may play a role in developmental processes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| ZNF213 | zinc finger protein 213|C2H2 zinc finger proteins, such as ZNF213, have bipartite structures in which one domain binds DNA or RNA and the other modulates target gene expression.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| SLC7A9 | solute carrier family 7 (amino acid transporter light chain, bo,+ system), member 9|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to a family of light subunits of amino acid transporters. This protein plays a role in the high-affinity and sodium-independent transport of cystine and neutral and dibasic amino acids, and appears to function in the reabsorption of cystine in the kidney tubule. Mutations in this gene cause non-type I cystinuria, a disease that leads to cystine stones in the urinary system due to impaired transport of cystine and dibasic amino acids. Alternate transcript variants, which encode the same protein, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| F8A1 | coagulation factor VIII-associated 1|This gene is contained entirely within intron 22 of the factor VIII gene; spans less than 2 kb, and is transcribed in the direction opposite of factor VIII. A portion of intron 22 (int22h), containing F8A, is repeated twice extragenically closer to the Xq telomere. Although its function is unknown, the observation that this gene is conserved in the mouse implies it has some function. Unlike factor VIII, this gene is transcribed abundantly in a wide variety of cell types. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRAK2 | trafficking protein, kinesin binding 2| |
| HLA-A | major histocompatibility complex, class I, A|HLA-A belongs to the HLA class I heavy chain paralogues. This class I molecule is a heterodimer consisting of a heavy chain and a light chain (beta-2 microglobulin). The heavy chain is anchored in the membrane. Class I molecules play a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. They are expressed in nearly all cells. The heavy chain is approximately 45 kDa and its gene contains 8 exons. Exon 1 encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the alpha1 and alpha2 domains, which both bind the peptide, exon 4 encodes the alpha3 domain, exon 5 encodes the transmembrane region, and exons 6 and 7 encode the cytoplasmic tail. Polymorphisms within exon 2 and exon 3 are responsible for the peptide binding specificity of each class one molecule. Typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow and kidney transplantation. Hundreds of HLA-A alleles have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NFKBIA | nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha|This gene encodes a member of the NF-kappa-B inhibitor family, which contain multiple ankrin repeat domains. The encoded protein interacts with REL dimers to inhibit NF-kappa-B/REL complexes which are involved in inflammatory responses. The encoded protein moves between the cytoplasm and the nucleus via a nuclear localization signal and CRM1-mediated nuclear export. Mutations in this gene have been found in ectodermal dysplasia anhidrotic with T-cell immunodeficiency autosomal dominant disease. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| SLC7A2 | solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a cationic amino acid transporter and a member of the APC (amino acid-polyamine-organocation) family of transporters. The encoded membrane protein is responsible for the cellular uptake of arginine, lysine and ornithine. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| HLA-F | major histocompatibility complex, class I, F|This gene belongs to the HLA class I heavy chain paralogues. It encodes a non-classical heavy chain that forms a heterodimer with a beta-2 microglobulin light chain, with the heavy chain anchored in the membrane. Unlike most other HLA heavy chains, this molecule is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, with a small amount present at the cell surface in some cell types. It contains a divergent peptide-binding groove, and is thought to bind a restricted subset of peptides for immune presentation. This gene exhibits few polymorphisms. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. These variants lack a coding exon found in transcripts from other HLA paralogues due to an altered splice acceptor site, resulting in a shorter cytoplasmic domain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HLA-E | major histocompatibility complex, class I, E|HLA-E belongs to the HLA class I heavy chain paralogues. This class I molecule is a heterodimer consisting of a heavy chain and a light chain (beta-2 microglobulin). The heavy chain is anchored in the membrane. HLA-E binds a restricted subset of peptides derived from the leader peptides of other class I molecules. The heavy chain is approximately 45 kDa and its gene contains 8 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the alpha1 and alpha2 domains, which both bind the peptide, exon 4 encodes the alpha3 domain, exon 5 encodes the transmembrane region, and exons 6 and 7 encode the cytoplasmic tail. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NFKBIE | nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, epsilon|The protein encoded by this gene binds to components of NF-kappa-B, trapping the complex in the cytoplasm and preventing it from activating genes in the nucleus. Phosphorylation of the encoded protein targets it for destruction by the ubiquitin pathway, which activates NF-kappa-B by making it available to translocate to the nucleus. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| NFKBIZ | nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, zeta|This gene is a member of the ankyrin-repeat family and is induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The C-terminal portion of the encoded product which contains the ankyrin repeats, shares high sequence similarity with the I kappa B family of proteins. The latter are known to play a role in inflammatory responses to LPS by their interaction with NF-B proteins through ankyrin-repeat domains. Studies in mouse indicate that this gene product is one of the nuclear I kappa B proteins and an activator of IL-6 production. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LIN7C | lin-7 homolog C (C. elegans)| |
| SPRR1A | small proline-rich protein 1A| |
| SPRR1B | small proline-rich protein 1B| |
| PSTPIP1 | proline-serine-threonine phosphatase interacting protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene binds to the cytoplasmic tail of CD2, an effector of T cell activation and adhesion, negatively affecting CD2-triggered T cell activation. The encoded protein appears to be a scaffold protein and a regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. It has also been shown to bind ABL1, PTPN18, WAS, CD2AP, and PTPN12. Mutations in this gene are a cause of PAPA syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MMS19 | MMS19 nucleotide excision repair homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| RMDN3 | regulator of microtubule dynamics 3| |
| PLAC1 | placenta-specific 1| |
| PLEKHA4 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family A (phosphoinositide binding specific) member 4| |
| TP53RK | TP53 regulating kinase| |
| BEX1 | brain expressed, X-linked 1| |
| SFT2D3 | SFT2 domain containing 3| |
| HAUS6 | HAUS augmin-like complex, subunit 6|The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the augmin complex. The augmin complex plays a role in microtubule attachment to the kinetochore and central spindle formation. This protein may have a role in efficient chromosome congression and segregation by promoting microtubule-dependent microtubule amplification. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 7 and 20. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| PLAC8 | placenta-specific 8| |
| AMER2 | APC membrane recruitment protein 2| |
| AMER3 | APC membrane recruitment protein 3| |
| HAUS2 | HAUS augmin-like complex, subunit 2|HAUS2 is 1 of 8 subunits of the 390-kD human augmin complex, or HAUS complex. The augmin complex was first identified in Drosophila, and its name comes from the Latin verb 'augmentare,' meaning 'to increase.' The augmin complex is a microtubule-binding complex involved in microtubule generation within the mitotic spindle and is vital to mitotic spindle assembly (Goshima et al., 2008 [PubMed 18443220]; Uehara et al., 2009 [PubMed 19369198]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2010] |
| HAUS3 | HAUS augmin-like complex, subunit 3|This gene encodes a component of the HAUS augmin-like protein complex, which plays a key role in cytokinesis and mitosis. Disruption of the encoded protein causes mitotic defects resulting from fragmentation of centrosomes and microtubule destabilization. This gene shares its 5' exons with some transcripts from overlapping GeneID: 353497, which encodes a DNA polymerase. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| HAUS1 | HAUS augmin-like complex, subunit 1|HAUS1 is 1 of 8 subunits of the 390-kD human augmin complex, or HAUS complex. The augmin complex was first identified in Drosophila, and its name comes from the Latin verb 'augmentare,' meaning 'to increase.' The augmin complex is a microtubule-binding complex involved in microtubule generation within the mitotic spindle and is vital to mitotic spindle assembly (Goshima et al., 2008 [PubMed 18443220]; Uehara et al., 2009 [PubMed 19369198]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2010] |
| PRSS33 | protease, serine, 33| |
| SLC5A11 | solute carrier family 5 (sodium/inositol cotransporter), member 11|Cotransporters, such as SLC5A11, represent a major class of proteins that make use of ion gradients to drive active transport for the cellular accumulation of nutrients, neurotransmitters, osmolytes, and ions Roll et al. (2002) [PubMed 12039040].[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| UBXN8 | UBX domain protein 8|p97 or VCP (valosin-containing protein) is a versatile ATPase complex, and many cofactors are required for the p97 functional diversity. This gene encodes one of the p97 cofactors. This cofactor is a transmembrane protein and localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. It tethers p97 to the ER membrane via its UBX domain. The association of this cofactor with p97 facilitates efficient ER-associated degradation of misfolded proteins. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| NR5A2 | nuclear receptor subfamily 5, group A, member 2| |
| NR5A1 | nuclear receptor subfamily 5, group A, member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional activator involved in sex determination. The encoded protein binds DNA as a monomer. Defects in this gene are a cause of XY sex reversal with or without adrenal failure as well as adrenocortical insufficiency without ovarian defect. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UBXN4 | UBX domain protein 4|UBXD2 is an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that binds valosin-containing protein (VCP; MIM 601023) and promotes ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) (Liang et al., 2006 [PubMed 16968747]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| DLX5 | distal-less homeobox 5|This gene encodes a member of a homeobox transcription factor gene family similiar to the Drosophila distal-less gene. The encoded protein may play a role in bone development and fracture healing. Mutation in this gene, which is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the family on the long arm of chromosome 7, may be associated with split-hand/split-foot malformation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DLX6 | distal-less homeobox 6|This gene encodes a member of a homeobox transcription factor gene family similiar to the Drosophila distal-less gene. This family is comprised of at least 6 different members that encode proteins with roles in forebrain and craniofacial development. This gene is in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the family on the long arm of chromosome 7. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MYD88 | myeloid differentiation primary response 88|This gene encodes a cytosolic adapter protein that plays a central role in the innate and adaptive immune response. This protein functions as an essential signal transducer in the interleukin-1 and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. These pathways regulate that activation of numerous proinflammatory genes. The encoded protein consists of an N-terminal death domain and a C-terminal Toll-interleukin1 receptor domain. Patients with defects in this gene have an increased susceptibility to pyogenic bacterial infections. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| DLX1 | distal-less homeobox 1|This gene encodes a member of a homeobox transcription factor gene family similiar to the Drosophila distal-less gene. The encoded protein is localized to the nucleus where it may function as a transcriptional regulator of signals from multiple TGF-{beta} superfamily members. The encoded protein may play a role in the control of craniofacial patterning and the differentiation and survival of inhibitory neurons in the forebrain. This gene is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the family on the long arm of chromosome 2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DLX2 | distal-less homeobox 2|Many vertebrate homeo box-containing genes have been identified on the basis of their sequence similarity with Drosophila developmental genes. Members of the Dlx gene family contain a homeobox that is related to that of Distal-less (Dll), a gene expressed in the head and limbs of the developing fruit fly. The Distal-less (Dlx) family of genes comprises at least 6 different members, DLX1-DLX6. The DLX proteins are postulated to play a role in forebrain and craniofacial development. This gene is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the gene family on the long arm of chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLEKHA1 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family A (phosphoinositide binding specific) member 1|This gene encodes a pleckstrin homology domain-containing adapter protein. The encoded protein is localized to the plasma membrane where it specifically binds phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate. This protein may be involved in the formation of signaling complexes in the plasma membrane. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with age-related macular degeneration. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 5.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| ACVRL1 | activin A receptor type II-like 1|This gene encodes a type I cell-surface receptor for the TGF-beta superfamily of ligands. It shares with other type I receptors a high degree of similarity in serine-threonine kinase subdomains, a glycine- and serine-rich region (called the GS domain) preceding the kinase domain, and a short C-terminal tail. The encoded protein, sometimes termed ALK1, shares similar domain structures with other closely related ALK or activin receptor-like kinase proteins that form a subfamily of receptor serine/threonine kinases. Mutations in this gene are associated with hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2, also known as Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TFEC | transcription factor EC|This gene encodes a member of the micropthalmia (MiT) family of basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors. MiT transcription factors regulate the expression of target genes by binding to E-box recognition sequences as homo- or heterodimers, and play roles in multiple cellular processes including survival, growth and differentiation. The encoded protein is a transcriptional activator of the nonmuscle myosin II heavy chain-A gene, and may also co-regulate target genes in osteoclasts as a heterodimer with micropthalmia-associated transcription factor. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| TFEB | transcription factor EB| |
| SYNPO2 | synaptopodin 2| |
| HIST1H2BD | histone cluster 1, H2bd|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2B family. Two transcripts that encode the same protein have been identified for this gene, which is found in the large histone gene cluster on chromosome 6p22-p21.3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC9B1 | solute carrier family 9, subfamily B (NHA1, cation proton antiporter 1), member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a sodium/hydrogen exchanger and transmembrane protein. Highly conserved orthologs of this gene have been found in other mammalian species. The expression of this gene may be limited to testis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| HIST1H2BF | histone cluster 1, H2bf|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2B family. The protein has antibacterial and antifungal antimicrobial activity. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the large histone gene cluster on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| KIAA1107 | KIAA1107| |
| HIST1H2BA | histone cluster 1, H2ba|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a testis/sperm-specific member of the histone H2B family. Transcripts from this gene contain a palindromic termination element. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HIST1H2BB | histone cluster 1, H2bb|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2B family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails; instead, they contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the large histone gene cluster on chromosome 6p22-p21.3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HIST1H2BL | histone cluster 1, H2bl|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2B family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the small histone gene cluster on chromosome 6p22-p21.3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HIST1H2BM | histone cluster 1, H2bm|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2B family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the small histone gene cluster on chromosome 6p22-p21.3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HIST1H2BN | histone cluster 1, H2bn|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2B family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the small histone gene cluster on chromosome 6p22-p21.3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HIST1H2BO | histone cluster 1, H2bo|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2B family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the small histone gene cluster on chromosome 6p22-p21.3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HIST1H2BH | histone cluster 1, H2bh|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2B family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the large histone gene cluster on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIAA1109 | KIAA1109|This gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 4 in a region that is associated with susceptibility to celiac disease. The encoded protein is similar to a Chinese hamster protein that is associated with spermatocyte and adipocyte differentiation. The C-terminus of the protein is also similar to a Caenorhabditis elegans protein that plays a role in lipid storage. In mammals, this protein is thought to function in the regulation of epithelial growth and differentiation, and in tumor development. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| HIST1H2BJ | histone cluster 1, H2bj|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2B family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the histone microcluster on chromosome 6p21.33. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HIST1H2BK | histone cluster 1, H2bk|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene encodes a member of the histone H2B family. The protein encoded is an antimicrobial protein with antibacterial and antifungal activity. This gene is found in the histone microcluster on chromosome 6p21.33. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| NETO2 | neuropilin (NRP) and tolloid (TLL)-like 2|This gene encodes a predicted transmembrane protein containing two extracellular CUB domains followed by a low-density lipoprotein class A (LDLa) domain. A similar gene in rats encodes a protein that modulates glutamate signaling in the brain by regulating kainate receptor function. Expression of this gene may be a biomarker for proliferating infantile hemangiomas. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 8. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| HENMT1 | HEN1 methyltransferase homolog 1 (Arabidopsis)| |
| TMEM160 | transmembrane protein 160| |
| VAV1 | vav 1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor|This gene is a member of the VAV gene family. The VAV proteins are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rho family GTPases that activate pathways leading to actin cytoskeletal rearrangements and transcriptional alterations. The encoded protein is important in hematopoiesis, playing a role in T-cell and B-cell development and activation. The encoded protein has been identified as the specific binding partner of Nef proteins from HIV-1. Coexpression and binding of these partners initiates profound morphological changes, cytoskeletal rearrangements and the JNK/SAPK signaling cascade, leading to increased levels of viral transcription and replication. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| VAV3 | vav 3 guanine nucleotide exchange factor|This gene is a member of the VAV gene family. The VAV proteins are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rho family GTPases that activate pathways leading to actin cytoskeletal rearrangements and transcriptional alterations. This gene product acts as a GEF preferentially for RhoG, RhoA, and to a lesser extent, RAC1, and it associates maximally with the nucleotide-free states of these GTPases. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TNFAIP6 | tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 6|The protein encoded by this gene is a secretory protein that contains a hyaluronan-binding domain, and thus is a member of the hyaluronan-binding protein family. The hyaluronan-binding domain is known to be involved in extracellular matrix stability and cell migration. This protein has been shown to form a stable complex with inter-alpha-inhibitor (I alpha I), and thus enhance the serine protease inhibitory activity of I alpha I, which is important in the protease network associated with inflammation. This gene can be induced by proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1. Enhanced levels of this protein are found in the synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| TNFAIP1 | tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 1 (endothelial)|This gene was identified as a gene whose expression can be induced by the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) in umbilical vein endothelial cells. Studies of a similar gene in mouse suggest that the expression of this gene is developmentally regulated in a tissue-specific manner. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TNFAIP3 | tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 3|This gene was identified as a gene whose expression is rapidly induced by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger protein and ubiqitin-editing enzyme, and has been shown to inhibit NF-kappa B activation as well as TNF-mediated apoptosis. The encoded protein, which has both ubiquitin ligase and deubiquitinase activities, is involved in the cytokine-mediated immune and inflammatory responses. Several transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| TNFAIP2 | tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 2|This gene was identified as a gene whose expression can be induced by the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) in umbilical vein endothelial cells. The expression of this gene was shown to be induced by retinoic acid in a cell line expressing a oncogenic version of the retinoic acid receptor alpha fusion protein, which suggested that this gene may be a retinoic acid target gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ECI2 | enoyl-CoA delta isomerase 2|This gene encodes a member of the hydratase/isomerase superfamily. The protein encoded is a key mitochondrial enzyme involved in beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. It catalyzes the transformation of 3-cis and 3-trans-enoyl-CoA esters arising during the stepwise degradation of cis-, mono-, and polyunsaturated fatty acids to the 2-trans-enoyl-CoA intermediates. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| ECI1 | enoyl-CoA delta isomerase 1|This gene encodes a member of the hydratase/isomerase superfamily. The protein encoded is a key mitochondrial enzyme involved in beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. It catalyzes the transformation of 3-cis and 3-trans-enoyl-CoA esters arising during the stepwise degradation of cis-, mono-, and polyunsaturated fatty acids to the 2-trans-enoyl-CoA intermediates. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| CHRD | chordin|This gene encodes a secreted protein that dorsalizes early vertebrate embryonic tissues by binding to ventralizing TGF-beta-like bone morphogenetic proteins and sequestering them in latent complexes. The encoded protein may also have roles in organogenesis and during adulthood. It has been suggested that this gene could be a candidate gene for Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Reduced expression of this gene results in enhanced bone regeneration. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Other alternative splice variants have been described but their full length sequence has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| IPO8 | importin 8|The importin-alpha/beta complex and the GTPase Ran mediate nuclear import of proteins with a classical nuclear localization signal. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a class of approximately 20 potential Ran targets that share a sequence motif related to the Ran-binding site of importin-beta. This protein binds to the nuclear pore complex and, along with RanGTP and RANBP1, inhibits the GAP stimulation of the Ran GTPase. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| IPO9 | importin 9| |
| IPO7 | importin 7|The importin-alpha/beta complex and the GTPase Ran mediate nuclear import of proteins with a classical nuclear localization signal. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a class of approximately 20 potential Ran targets that share a sequence motif related to the Ran-binding site of importin-beta. Similar to importin-beta, this protein prevents the activation of Ran's GTPase by RanGAP1 and inhibits nucleotide exchange on RanGTP, and also binds directly to nuclear pore complexes where it competes for binding sites with importin-beta and transportin. This protein has a Ran-dependent transport cycle and it can cross the nuclear envelope rapidly and in both directions. At least four importin beta-like transport receptors, namely importin beta itself, transportin, RanBP5 and RanBP7, directly bind and import ribosomal proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IPO4 | importin 4| |
| IPO5 | importin 5|Nucleocytoplasmic transport, a signal- and energy-dependent process, takes place through nuclear pore complexes embedded in the nuclear envelope. The import of proteins containing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) requires the NLS import receptor, a heterodimer of importin alpha and beta subunits also known as karyopherins. Importin alpha binds the NLS-containing cargo in the cytoplasm and importin beta docks the complex at the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear pore complex. In the presence of nucleoside triphosphates and the small GTP binding protein Ran, the complex moves into the nuclear pore complex and the importin subunits dissociate. Importin alpha enters the nucleoplasm with its passenger protein and importin beta remains at the pore. Interactions between importin beta and the FG repeats of nucleoporins are essential in translocation through the pore complex. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the importin beta family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NRBP1 | nuclear receptor binding protein 1| |
| LRRC57 | leucine rich repeat containing 57| |
| DTX3L | deltex 3 like, E3 ubiquitin ligase|DTX3L functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase (Takeyama et al., 2003 [PubMed 12670957]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2009] |
| TFDP2 | transcription factor Dp-2 (E2F dimerization partner 2)|The gene is a member of the transcription factor DP family. The encoded protein forms heterodimers with the E2F transcription factors resulting in transcriptional activation of cell cycle regulated genes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| SMCHD1 | structural maintenance of chromosomes flexible hinge domain containing 1|This gene encodes a protein which contains a hinge region domain found in members of the SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) protein family. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| DMRT1 | doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1|This gene is found in a cluster with two other members of the gene family, having in common a zinc finger-like DNA-binding motif (DM domain). The DM domain is an ancient, conserved component of the vertebrate sex-determining pathway that is also a key regulator of male development in flies and nematodes. This gene exhibits a gonad-specific and sexually dimorphic expression pattern. Defective testicular development and XY feminization occur when this gene is hemizygous. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| JAZF1 | JAZF zinc finger 1|This gene encodes a nuclear protein with three C2H2-type zinc fingers, and functions as a transcriptional repressor. Chromosomal aberrations involving this gene are associated with endometrial stromal tumors. Alternatively spliced variants which encode different protein isoforms have been described; however, not all variants have been fully characterized [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SDCBP | syndecan binding protein (syntenin)|The protein encoded by this gene was initially identified as a molecule linking syndecan-mediated signaling to the cytoskeleton. The syntenin protein contains tandemly repeated PDZ domains that bind the cytoplasmic, C-terminal domains of a variety of transmembrane proteins. This protein may also affect cytoskeletal-membrane organization, cell adhesion, protein trafficking, and the activation of transcription factors. The protein is primarily localized to membrane-associated adherens junctions and focal adhesions but is also found at the endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EVI2A | ecotropic viral integration site 2A| |
| DCAF8L2 | DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 8-like 2| |
| RCAN2 | regulator of calcineurin 2|This gene encodes a member of the regulator of calcineurin (RCAN) protein family. These proteins play a role in many physiological processes by binding to the catalytic domain of calcineurin A, inhibiting calcineurin-mediated nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NFATC1. Expression of this gene in skin fibroblasts is upregulated by thyroid hormone, and the encoded protein may also play a role in endothelial cell function and angiogenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| DENND1A | DENN/MADD domain containing 1A|Clathrin (see MIM 118955)-mediated endocytosis is a major mechanism for internalization of proteins and lipids. Members of the connecdenn family, such as DENND1A, function as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the early endosomal small GTPase RAB35 (MIM 604199) and bind to clathrin and clathrin adaptor protein-2 (AP2; see MIM 601024). Thus, connecdenns link RAB35 activation with the clathrin machinery (Marat and McPherson, 2010 [PubMed 20154091]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| LMBR1 | limb development membrane protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the LMBR1-like membrane protein family. Another member of this protein family has been shown to be a lipocalin transmembrane receptor. A highly conserved, cis-acting regulatory module for the sonic hedgehog gene is located within an intron of this gene. Consequently, disruption of this genic region can alter sonic hedgehog expression and affect limb patterning, but it is not known if this gene functions directly in limb development. Mutations and chromosomal deletions and rearrangements in this genic region are associated with acheiropody and preaxial polydactyly, which likely result from altered sonic hedgehog expression. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAB8B | RAB8B, member RAS oncogene family|RAB proteins, like RAB8B, are low molecular mass monomeric GTPases that localize on the cytoplasmic surfaces of distinct membrane-bound organelles. RAB proteins function in intracellular vesicle transport by aiding in the docking and/or fusion of vesicles with their target membranes (summary by Chen et al., 1997 [PubMed 9030196]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| TP63 | tumor protein p63|This gene encodes a member of the p53 family of transcription factors. An animal model, p63 -/- mice, has been useful in defining the role this protein plays in the development and maintenance of stratified epithelial tissues. p63 -/- mice have several developmental defects which include the lack of limbs and other tissues, such as teeth and mammary glands, which develop as a result of interactions between mesenchyme and epithelium. Mutations in this gene are associated with ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip/palate syndrome 3 (EEC3); split-hand/foot malformation 4 (SHFM4); ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate; ADULT syndrome (acro-dermato-ungual-lacrimal-tooth); limb-mammary syndrome; Rap-Hodgkin syndrome (RHS); and orofacial cleft 8. Both alternative splicing and the use of alternative promoters results in multiple transcript variants encoding different proteins. Many transcripts encoding different proteins have been reported but the biological validity and the full-length nature of these variants have not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAB8A | RAB8A, member RAS oncogene family|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAS superfamily which are small GTP/GDP-binding proteins with an average size of 200 amino acids. The RAS-related proteins of the RAB/YPT family may play a role in the transport of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi and the plasma membrane. This protein shares 97%, 96%, and 51% similarity with the dog RAB8, mouse MEL, and mouse YPT1 proteins, respectively and contains the 4 GTP/GDP-binding sites that are present in all the RAS proteins. The putative effector-binding site of this protein is similar to that of the RAB/YPT proteins. However, this protein contains a C-terminal CAAX motif that is characteristic of many RAS superfamily members but which is not found in YPT1 and the majority of RAB proteins. Although this gene was isolated as a transforming gene from a melanoma cell line, no linkage between MEL and malignant melanoma has been demonstrable. This oncogene is located 800 kb distal to MY09B on chromosome 19p13.1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NR6A1 | nuclear receptor subfamily 6, group A, member 1|This gene encodes an orphan nuclear receptor which is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor family. Its expression pattern suggests that it may be involved in neurogenesis and germ cell development. The protein can homodimerize and bind DNA, but in vivo targets have not been identified. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| C6orf165 | chromosome 6 open reading frame 165| |
| MARS2 | methionyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial|This gene produces a mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA synthetase protein that is encoded by the nuclear genome and imported to the mitochondrion. This protein likely functions as a monomer and is predicted to localize to the mitochondrial matrix. Mutations in this gene are associated with the autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease spastic ataxia-3 (SPAX3). [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| SCPEP1 | serine carboxypeptidase 1| |
| ICAM4 | intercellular adhesion molecule 4 (Landsteiner-Wiener blood group)|This gene encodes the Landsteiner-Wiener (LW) blood group antigen(s) that belongs to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, and that shares similarity with the intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) protein family. This ICAM protein contains 2 Ig-like C2-type domains and binds to the leukocyte adhesion LFA-1 protein. The molecular basis of the LW(A)/LW(B) blood group antigens is a single aa variation at position 100; Gln-100=LW(A) and Arg-100=LW(B). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MGAT5B | mannosyl (alpha-1,6-)-glycoprotein beta-1,6-N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase, isozyme B|The MGAT5B gene encodes a beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.155) that functions in the synthesis of complex cell surface N-glycans (Kaneko et al., 2003 [PubMed 14623122]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2008] |
| COL26A1 | collagen, type XXVI, alpha 1|This gene encodes a protein containing an emilin domain and two collagen stretches. This gene may be associated with aspirin-intolerant asthma. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| FOSL1 | FOS-like antigen 1|The Fos gene family consists of 4 members: FOS, FOSB, FOSL1, and FOSL2. These genes encode leucine zipper proteins that can dimerize with proteins of the JUN family, thereby forming the transcription factor complex AP-1. As such, the FOS proteins have been implicated as regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and transformation. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| REPIN1 | replication initiator 1| |
| CYSLTR1 | cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1|This gene encodes a member of the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. The encoded protein is a receptor for cysteinyl leukotrienes, and is involved in mediating bronchoconstriction via activation of a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Activation of the encoded receptor results in contraction and proliferation of bronchial smooth muscle cells, eosinophil migration, and damage to the mucus layer in the lung. Upregulation of this gene is associated with asthma and dysregulation may also be implicated in cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| ARL17A | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 17A| |
| GABPB2 | GA binding protein transcription factor, beta subunit 2| |
| PAQR8 | progestin and adipoQ receptor family member VIII| |
| GABPB1 | GA binding protein transcription factor, beta subunit 1|This gene encodes the GA-binding protein transcription factor, beta subunit. This protein forms a tetrameric complex with the alpha subunit, and stimulates transcription of target genes. The encoded protein may be involved in activation of cytochrome oxidase expression and nuclear control of mitochondrial function. The crystal structure of a similar protein in mouse has been resolved as a ternary protein complex. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PYGO1 | pygopus family PHD finger 1| |
| SHPK | sedoheptulokinase|The protein encoded by this gene has weak homology to several carbohydrate kinases, a class of proteins involved in the phosphorylation of sugars as they enter a cell, inhibiting return across the cell membrane. Sequence variation between this novel gene and known carbohydrate kinases suggests the possibility of a different substrate, cofactor or changes in kinetic properties distinguishing it from other carbohydrate kinases. The gene resides in a region commonly deleted in cystinosis patients, suggesting a role as a modifier for the cystinosis phenotype. The genomic region is also rich in Alu repetitive sequences, frequently involved in chromosomal rearrangements. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PHYHD1 | phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase domain containing 1| |
| PAQR3 | progestin and adipoQ receptor family member III| |
| FOSL2 | FOS-like antigen 2|The Fos gene family consists of 4 members: FOS, FOSB, FOSL1, and FOSL2. These genes encode leucine zipper proteins that can dimerize with proteins of the JUN family, thereby forming the transcription factor complex AP-1. As such, the FOS proteins have been implicated as regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and transformation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| PAQR5 | progestin and adipoQ receptor family member V| |
| PAQR4 | progestin and adipoQ receptor family member IV| |
| PAQR7 | progestin and adipoQ receptor family member VII| |
| PAQR6 | progestin and adipoQ receptor family member VI| |
| FERMT2 | fermitin family member 2| |
| FERMT3 | fermitin family member 3|Kindlins are a small family of proteins that mediate protein-protein interactions involved in integrin activation and thereby have a role in cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and proliferation. The protein encoded by this gene has a key role in the regulation of hemostasis and thrombosis. This protein may also help maintain the membrane skeleton of erythrocytes. Mutations in this gene cause the autosomal recessive leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome-III (LAD-III). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| TOMM70A | translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 70 homolog A (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes an import receptor of the outer mitochondrial membrane that is part of the translocase of the outer membrane complex. This protein is involved in the import of mitochondrial precursor proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| FERMT1 | fermitin family member 1|This gene encodes a member of the fermitin family, and contains a FERM domain and a pleckstrin homology domain. The encoded protein is involved in integrin signaling and linkage of the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. Mutations in this gene have been linked to Kindler syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| NME2P1 | NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2 pseudogene 1| |
| FADS1 | fatty acid desaturase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene family. Desaturase enzymes regulate unsaturation of fatty acids through the introduction of double bonds between defined carbons of the fatty acyl chain. FADS family members are considered fusion products composed of an N-terminal cytochrome b5-like domain and a C-terminal multiple membrane-spanning desaturase portion, both of which are characterized by conserved histidine motifs. This gene is clustered with family members FADS1 and FADS2 at 11q12-q13.1; this cluster is thought to have arisen evolutionarily from gene duplication based on its similar exon/intron organization. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FADS3 | fatty acid desaturase 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene family. Desaturase enzymes regulate unsaturation of fatty acids through the introduction of double bonds between defined carbons of the fatty acyl chain. FADS family members are considered fusion products composed of an N-terminal cytochrome b5-like domain and a C-terminal multiple membrane-spanning desaturase portion, both of which are characterized by conserved histidine motifs. This gene is clustered with family members FADS1 and FADS2 at 11q12-q13.1; this cluster is thought to have arisen evolutionarily from gene duplication based on its similar exon/intron organization. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FADS2 | fatty acid desaturase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene family. Desaturase enzymes regulate unsaturation of fatty acids through the introduction of double bonds between defined carbons of the fatty acyl chain. FADS family members are considered fusion products composed of an N-terminal cytochrome b5-like domain and a C-terminal multiple membrane-spanning desaturase portion, both of which are characterized by conserved histidine motifs. This gene is clustered with family members at 11q12-q13.1; this cluster is thought to have arisen evolutionarily from gene duplication based on its similar exon/intron organization. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| CRNKL1 | crooked neck pre-mRNA splicing factor 1|The crooked neck (crn) gene of Drosophila is essential for embryogenesis and is thought to be involved in cell cycle progression and pre-mRNA splicing. A protein encoded by this human locus has been found to localize to pre-mRNA splicing complexes in the nucleus and is necessary for pre-mRNA splicing. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| FADS6 | fatty acid desaturase 6| |
| SIL1 | SIL1 nucleotide exchange factor|This gene encodes a resident endoplasmic reticulum (ER), N-linked glycoprotein with an N-terminal ER targeting sequence, 2 putative N-glycosylation sites, and a C-terminal ER retention signal. This protein functions as a nucleotide exchange factor for another unfolded protein response protein. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome. Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SYNGR1 | synaptogyrin 1|This gene encodes an integral membrane protein associated with presynaptic vesicles in neuronal cells. The exact function of this protein is unclear, but studies of a similar murine protein suggest that it functions in synaptic plasticity without being required for synaptic transmission. The gene product belongs to the synaptogyrin gene family. Three alternatively spliced variants encoding three different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WDR92 | WD repeat domain 92|This gene encodes a protein with two WD40 repeat domains thought to be involved in an apoptosis via activation of caspase-3. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| SYNGR3 | synaptogyrin 3|This gene encodes an integral membrane protein. The exact function of this protein is unclear, but studies of a similar murine protein suggest that it is a synaptic vesicle protein that also interacts with the dopamine transporter. The gene product belongs to the synaptogyrin gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| SYNGR2 | synaptogyrin 2|This gene encodes an integral membrane protein containing four transmembrane regions and a C-terminal cytoplasmic tail that is tyrosine phosphorylated. The exact function of this protein is unclear, but studies of a similar rat protein suggest that it may play a role in regulating membrane traffic in non-neuronal cells. The gene belongs to the synaptogyrin gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SYNGR4 | synaptogyrin 4|This gene encodes an integral membrane protein. The gene belongs to the synaptogyrin gene family. Like other members of the family the protein contains four transmembrane regions. The exact function of this protein is unclear. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CTDSP1 | CTD (carboxy-terminal domain, RNA polymerase II, polypeptide A) small phosphatase 1|This gene encodes a member of the small C-terminal domain phosphatase (SCP) family of nuclear phosphatases. These proteins play a role in transcriptional regulation through specific dephosphorylation of phosphoserine 5 within tandem heptapeptide repeats of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. The encoded protein plays a role in neuronal gene silencing in non-neuronal cells, and may also inhibit osteoblast differentiation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| NXT2 | nuclear transport factor 2-like export factor 2|The protein encoded by this gene contains a nuclear transport factor 2 (NTF2) domain, which plays an important role in the trafficking of macromolecules, ions, and small molecules between the cytoplasm and nucleus. This protein may also have a role in mRNA nuclear export. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| PRR5L | proline rich 5 like| |
| NXT1 | nuclear transport factor 2-like export factor 1|The protein encoded by this gene is located in the nuclear envelope. It has protein similarity to nuclear transport factor 2. This protein functions as a nuclear export factor in both RAN (Ras-related nuclear protein)- and CRM1 (required for chromosome region maintenance)-dependent pathways. It is found to stimulate the export of U1 snRNA in RAN- and CRM1-dependent pathways and the export of tRNA and mRNA in a CRM1-independent pathway. The encoded protein heterodimerizes with Tap protein and may regulate the ability of Tap protein to mediate nuclear mRNA export. The use of alternate polyadenylation sites has been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DPM1 | dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase polypeptide 1, catalytic subunit|Dolichol-phosphate mannose (Dol-P-Man) serves as a donor of mannosyl residues on the lumenal side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Lack of Dol-P-Man results in defective surface expression of GPI-anchored proteins. Dol-P-Man is synthesized from GDP-mannose and dolichol-phosphate on the cytosolic side of the ER by the enzyme dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase. Human DPM1 lacks a carboxy-terminal transmembrane domain and signal sequence and is regulated by DPM2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DGUOK | deoxyguanosine kinase|In mammalian cells, the phosphorylation of purine deoxyribonucleosides is mediated predominantly by two deoxyribonucleoside kinases, cytosolic deoxycytidine kinase and mitochondrial deoxyguanosine kinase. The protein encoded by this gene is responsible for phosphorylation of purine deoxyribonucleosides in the mitochondrial matrix. In addition, this protein phosphorylates several purine deoxyribonucleoside analogs used in the treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders, and this phosphorylation is critical for the effectiveness of the analogs. Alternative splice variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CSE1L | CSE1 chromosome segregation 1-like (yeast)|Proteins that carry a nuclear localization signal (NLS) are transported into the nucleus by the importin-alpha/beta heterodimer. Importin-alpha binds the NLS, while importin-beta mediates translocation through the nuclear pore complex. After translocation, RanGTP binds importin-beta and displaces importin-alpha. Importin-alpha must then be returned to the cytoplasm, leaving the NLS protein behind. The protein encoded by this gene binds strongly to NLS-free importin-alpha, and this binding is released in the cytoplasm by the combined action of RANBP1 and RANGAP1. In addition, the encoded protein may play a role both in apoptosis and in cell proliferation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| MAK16 | MAK16 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| MARCKSL1 | MARCKS-like 1|This gene encodes a member of the myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) family. Members of this family play a role in cytoskeletal regulation, protein kinase C signaling and calmodulin signaling. The encoded protein affects the formation of adherens junction. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on the long arm of chromosomes 6 and 10. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| ACSL3 | acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3|The protein encoded by this gene is an isozyme of the long-chain fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligase family. Although differing in substrate specificity, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution, all isozymes of this family convert free long-chain fatty acids into fatty acyl-CoA esters, and thereby play a key role in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation. This isozyme is highly expressed in brain, and preferentially utilizes myristate, arachidonate, and eicosapentaenoate as substrates. The amino acid sequence of this isozyme is 92% identical to that of rat homolog. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SP8 | Sp8 transcription factor|The protein encoded by this gene is an SP family transcription factor that in mouse has been shown to be essential for proper limb development. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| COL14A1 | collagen, type XIV, alpha 1|This gene encodes the alpha chain of type XIV collagen, a member of the FACIT (fibril-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices) collagen family. Type XIV collagen interacts with the fibril surface and is involved in the regulation of fibrillogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| PSME4 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 4| |
| ACAD10 | acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family, member 10|This gene encodes a member of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family of enzymes (ACADs), which participate in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria. The encoded enzyme contains a hydrolase domain at the N-terminal portion, a serine/threonine protein kinase catlytic domain in the central region, and a conserved ACAD domain at the C-terminus. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| ACAD11 | acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family, member 11| |
| CARNS1 | carnosine synthase 1|CARNS1 (EC 6.3.2.11), a member of the ATP-grasp family of ATPases, catalyzes the formation of carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) and homocarnosine (gamma-aminobutyryl-L-histidine), which are found mainly in skeletal muscle and the central nervous system, respectively (Drozak et al., 2010 [PubMed 20097752]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010] |
| GRIN2B | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2B|N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are a class of ionotropic glutamate receptors. NMDA receptor channel has been shown to be involved in long-term potentiation, an activity-dependent increase in the efficiency of synaptic transmission thought to underlie certain kinds of memory and learning. NMDA receptor channels are heteromers composed of three different subunits: NR1 (GRIN1), NR2 (GRIN2A, GRIN2B, GRIN2C, or GRIN2D) and NR3 (GRIN3A or GRIN3B). The NR2 subunit acts as the agonist binding site for glutamate. This receptor is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter receptor in the mammalian brain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C5orf28 | chromosome 5 open reading frame 28| |
| NCOR2 | nuclear receptor corepressor 2|This gene encodes a nuclear receptor co-repressor that mediates transcriptional silencing of certain target genes. The encoded protein is a member of a family of thyroid hormone- and retinoic acid receptor-associated co-repressors. This protein acts as part of a multisubunit complex which includes histone deacetylases to modify chromatin structure that prevents basal transcriptional activity of target genes. Aberrant expression of this gene is associated with certain cancers. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011] |
| GRIN2C | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2C|This gene encodes a subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, which is a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor. NMDA receptors are found in the central nervous system, are permeable to cations and have an important role in physiological processes such as learning, memory, and synaptic development. The receptor is a tetramer of different subunits (typically heterodimer of subunit 1 with one or more of subunits 2A-D), forming a channel that is permeable to calcium, potassium, and sodium, and whose properties are determined by subunit composition. Alterations in the subunit composition of the receptor are associated with pathophysiological conditions such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, depression, and schizophrenia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| C5orf22 | chromosome 5 open reading frame 22| |
| CMPK1 | cytidine monophosphate (UMP-CMP) kinase 1, cytosolic|This gene encodes one of the enzymes required for cellular nucleic acid biosynthesis. This enzyme catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to CMP, UMP, or dCMP, to form the corresponding diphosphate nucleotide. Alternate splicing results in both coding and non-coding transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| CMPK2 | cytidine monophosphate (UMP-CMP) kinase 2, mitochondrial|This gene encodes one of the enzymes in the nucleotide synthesis salvage pathway that may participate in terminal differentiation of monocytic cells. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| PLOD1 | procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1|Lysyl hydroxylase is a membrane-bound homodimeric protein localized to the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum. The enzyme (cofactors iron and ascorbate) catalyzes the hydroxylation of lysyl residues in collagen-like peptides. The resultant hydroxylysyl groups are attachment sites for carbohydrates in collagen and thus are critical for the stability of intermolecular crosslinks. Some patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VI have deficiencies in lysyl hydroxylase activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C5orf24 | chromosome 5 open reading frame 24| |
| ARHGEF10L | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 10-like|ARHGEF10L is a member of the RhoGEF family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that activate Rho GTPases (Winkler et al., 2005 [PubMed 16112081]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2008] |
| DNASE2 | deoxyribonuclease II, lysosomal|This gene encodes a member of the DNase family. The protein, located in the lysosome, hydrolyzes DNA under acidic conditions and mediates the breakdown of DNA during erythropoiesis and apoptosis. Two codominant alleles have been characterized, DNASE2*L (low activity) and DNASE2*H (high activity), that differ at one nucleotide in the promoter region. The DNASE2*H allele is represented in this record. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RFTN1 | raftlin, lipid raft linker 1| |
| GNA15 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha 15 (Gq class)| |
| C9orf64 | chromosome 9 open reading frame 64| |
| GCFC2 | GC-rich sequence DNA-binding factor 2|The first mRNA transcript isolated for this gene was part of an artificial chimera derived from two distinct gene transcripts and a primer used in the cloning process (see Genbank accession M29204). A positively charged amino terminus present only in the chimera was determined to bind GC-rich DNA, thus mistakenly thought to identify a transcription factor gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| USP6NL | USP6 N-terminal like| |
| C9orf69 | chromosome 9 open reading frame 69| |
| GNA13 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha 13| |
| GRIN2D | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2D|N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are a class of ionotropic glutamate receptors. NMDA channel has been shown to be involved in long-term potentiation, an activity-dependent increase in the efficiency of synaptic transmission thought to underlie certain kinds of memory and learning. NMDA receptor channels are heteromers composed of the key receptor subunit NMDAR1 (GRIN1) and 1 or more of the 4 NMDAR2 subunits: NMDAR2A (GRIN2A), NMDAR2B (GRIN2B), NMDAR2C (GRIN2C), and NMDAR2D (GRIN2D). [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| RAD21 | RAD21 homolog (S. pombe)|The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to the gene product of Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad21, a gene involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks, as well as in chromatid cohesion during mitosis. This protein is a nuclear phospho-protein, which becomes hyperphosphorylated in cell cycle M phase. The highly regulated association of this protein with mitotic chromatin specifically at the centromere region suggests its role in sister chromatid cohesion in mitotic cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LRTOMT | leucine rich transmembrane and O-methyltransferase domain containing|This gene includes two transcript forms. The short form has one open reading frame (ORF), which encodes the leucine-rich repeats (LRR)-containing protein of unknown function. This protein is called LRTOMT1 or LRRC51. The long form has two alternative ORFs; the upstream ORF has the same translation start codon as used in the short form and the resulting transcript is a candidate for nonsense-mediated decay, and the downstream ORF encodes a different protein, which is a transmembrane catechol-O-methyltransferase and is called LRTOMT2, TOMT or COMT2. The COMT2 is essential for auditory and vestibular function. Defects in the COMT2 can cause nonsyndromic deafness. Alternatively spliced transcript variants from each transcript form have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012] |
| ANLN | anillin, actin binding protein|This gene encodes an actin-binding protein that plays a role in cell growth and migration, and in cytokinesis. The encoded protein is thought to regulate actin cytoskeletal dynamics in podocytes, components of the glomerulus. Mutations in this gene are associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 8. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| MYOM2 | myomesin 2|The giant protein titin, together with its associated proteins, interconnects the major structure of sarcomeres, the M bands and Z discs. The C-terminal end of the titin string extends into the M line, where it binds tightly to M-band constituents of apparent molecular masses of 190 kD and 165 kD. The predicted MYOM2 protein contains 1,465 amino acids. Like MYOM1, MYOM2 has a unique N-terminal domain followed by 12 repeat domains with strong homology to either fibronectin type III or immunoglobulin C2 domains. Protein sequence comparisons suggested that the MYOM2 protein and bovine M protein are identical. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GEMIN8 | gem (nuclear organelle) associated protein 8|The protein encoded by this gene is part of the SMN complex, which is necessary for spliceosomal snRNP assembly in the cytoplasm and pre-mRNA splicing in the nucleus. The encoded protein binds to both SMN1 and the GEMIN6/GEMIN7 heterodimer, mediating their interaction. This protein is found in nuclear Gemini of Cajal bodies (gems) and in the cytoplasm. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| USP12 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 12| |
| USP13 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 13 (isopeptidase T-3)| |
| ALDH6A1 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 family, member A1|This gene encodes a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase protein family. The encoded protein is a mitochondrial methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase that plays a role in the valine and pyrimidine catabolic pathways. This protein catalyzes the irreversible oxidative decarboxylation of malonate and methylmalonate semialdehydes to acetyl- and propionyl-CoA. Methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency is characterized by elevated beta-alanine, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, and both isomers of 3-amino and 3-hydroxyisobutyric acids in urine organic acids. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| USP11 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 11|Protein ubiquitination controls many intracellular processes, including cell cycle progression, transcriptional activation, and signal transduction. This dynamic process, involving ubiquitin conjugating enzymes and deubiquitinating enzymes, adds and removes ubiquitin. Deubiquitinating enzymes are cysteine proteases that specifically cleave ubiquitin from ubiquitin-conjugated protein substrates. This gene encodes a deubiquitinating enzyme which lies in a gene cluster on chromosome Xp11.23 [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| USP16 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 16|This gene encodes a deubiquitinating enzyme that is phosphorylated at the onset of mitosis and then dephosphorylated at the metaphase/anaphase transition. It can deubiquitinate H2A, one of two major ubiquitinated proteins of chromatin, in vitro and a mutant form of the protein was shown to block cell division. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NR2E1 | nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group E, member 1| |
| USP14 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 14 (tRNA-guanine transglycosylase)|This gene encodes a member of the ubiquitin-specific processing (UBP) family of proteases that is a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) with His and Cys domains. This protein is located in the cytoplasm and cleaves the ubiquitin moiety from ubiquitin-fused precursors and ubiquitinylated proteins. Mice with a mutation that results in reduced expression of the ortholog of this protein are retarded for growth, develop severe tremors by 2 to 3 weeks of age followed by hindlimb paralysis and death by 6 to 10 weeks of age. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| USP15 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 15|This gene encodes a member of the ubiquitin specific protease (USP) family of deubiquitinating enzymes. USP enzymes play critical roles in ubiquitin-dependent processes through polyubiquitin chain disassembly and hydrolysis of ubiquitin-substrate bonds. The encoded protein associates with the COP9 signalosome, and also plays a role in transforming growth factor beta signalling through deubiquitination of receptor-activated SMAD transcription factors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| SSBP1 | single-stranded DNA binding protein 1, mitochondrial|SSBP1 is a housekeeping gene involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (Tiranti et al., 1995 [PubMed 7789991]). It is also a subunit of a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding complex involved in the maintenance of genome stability (Huang et al., 2009) [PubMed 19683501].[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2010] |
| SSBP3 | single stranded DNA binding protein 3| |
| USP19 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 19| |
| SDHC | succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit C, integral membrane protein, 15kDa|This gene encodes one of four nuclear-encoded subunits that comprise succinate dehydrogenase, also known as mitochondrial complex II, a key enzyme complex of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and aerobic respiratory chains of mitochondria. The encoded protein is one of two integral membrane proteins that anchor other subunits of the complex, which form the catalytic core, to the inner mitochondrial membrane. There are several related pseudogenes for this gene on different chromosomes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with paragangliomas. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| INPP1 | inositol polyphosphate-1-phosphatase|This gene encodes the enzyme inositol polyphosphate-1-phosphatase, one of the enzymes involved in phosphatidylinositol signaling pathways. This enzyme removes the phosphate group at position 1 of the inositol ring from the polyphosphates inositol 1,4-bisphosphate and inositol 1,3,4-trisphophosphate. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GFI1 | growth factor independent 1 transcription repressor|This gene encodes a nuclear zinc finger protein that functions as a transcriptional repressor. This protein plays a role in diverse developmental contexts, including hematopoiesis and oncogenesis. It functions as part of a complex along with other cofactors to control histone modifications that lead to silencing of the target gene promoters. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal dominant severe congenital neutropenia, and also dominant nonimmune chronic idiopathic neutropenia of adults, which are heterogeneous hematopoietic disorders that cause predispositions to leukemias and infections. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MYOM1 | myomesin 1|The giant protein titin, together with its associated proteins, interconnects the major structure of sarcomeres, the M bands and Z discs. The C-terminal end of the titin string extends into the M line, where it binds tightly to M-band constituents of apparent molecular masses of 190 kD (myomesin 1) and 165 kD (myomesin 2). This protein, myomesin 1, like myomesin 2, titin, and other myofibrillar proteins contains structural modules with strong homology to either fibronectin type III (motif I) or immunoglobulin C2 (motif II) domains. Myomesin 1 and myomesin 2 each have a unique N-terminal region followed by 12 modules of motif I or motif II, in the arrangement II-II-I-I-I-I-I-II-II-II-II-II. The two proteins share 50% sequence identity in this repeat-containing region. The head structure formed by these 2 proteins on one end of the titin string extends into the center of the M band. The integrating structure of the sarcomere arises from muscle-specific members of the superfamily of immunoglobulin-like proteins. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IL27RA | interleukin 27 receptor, alpha|In mice, CD4+ helper T-cells differentiate into type 1 (Th1) cells, which are critical for cell-mediated immunity, predominantly under the influence of IL12. Also, IL4 influences their differentiation into type 2 (Th2) cells, which are critical for most antibody responses. Mice deficient in these cytokines, their receptors, or associated transcription factors have impaired, but are not absent of, Th1 or Th2 immune responses. This gene encodes a protein which is similar to the mouse T-cell cytokine receptor Tccr at the amino acid level, and is predicted to be a glycosylated transmembrane protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UNC45A | unc-45 homolog A (C. elegans)|UNC45A plays a role in cell proliferation and myoblast fusion, binds progesterone receptor (PGR; MIM 607311) and HSP90 (HSPCA; MIM 140571), and acts as a regulator of the progesterone receptor chaperoning pathway (Price et al., 2002 [PubMed 12356907]; Chadli et al., 2006 [PubMed 16478993]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| RLTPR | RGD motif, leucine rich repeats, tropomodulin domain and proline-rich containing| |
| UNC45B | unc-45 homolog B (C. elegans)|This gene encodes a co-chaperone required for folding and accumulation of type II myosins. The protein consists of three tetratricopeptide repeat motifs at the N-terminus that form a complex with heat shock protein 90, a central region of unknown function that is conserved in all Unc-45 proteins, and a C-terminal Unc-45/Cro1/She4 domain. The protein is expressed at high levels in striated muscle, where its muscle myosin chaperone activity is dependent on heat shock protein 90 acting as a co-chaperone. A missense mutation in this gene has been associated with cataract development. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| DUS4L | dihydrouridine synthase 4-like (S. cerevisiae)| |
| TAP1 | transporter 1, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP)|The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MDR/TAP subfamily. Members of the MDR/TAP subfamily are involved in multidrug resistance. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the pumping of degraded cytosolic peptides across the endoplasmic reticulum into the membrane-bound compartment where class I molecules assemble. Mutations in this gene may be associated with ankylosing spondylitis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and celiac disease. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| CRKL | v-crk avian sarcoma virus CT10 oncogene homolog-like|This gene encodes a protein kinase containing SH2 and SH3 (src homology) domains which has been shown to activate the RAS and JUN kinase signaling pathways and transform fibroblasts in a RAS-dependent fashion. It is a substrate of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, plays a role in fibroblast transformation by BCR-ABL, and may be oncogenic.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| ERRFI1 | ERBB receptor feedback inhibitor 1|ERRFI1 is a cytoplasmic protein whose expression is upregulated with cell growth (Wick et al., 1995 [PubMed 7641805]). It shares significant homology with the protein product of rat gene-33, which is induced during cell stress and mediates cell signaling (Makkinje et al., 2000 [PubMed 10749885]; Fiorentino et al., 2000 [PubMed 11003669]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| JPH2 | junctophilin 2|Junctional complexes between the plasma membrane and endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum are a common feature of all excitable cell types and mediate cross talk between cell surface and intracellular ion channels. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of junctional complexes and is composed of a C-terminal hydrophobic segment spanning the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane and a remaining cytoplasmic domain that shows specific affinity for the plasma membrane. This gene is a member of the junctophilin gene family. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and two variants encoding distinct isoforms are described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| JPH3 | junctophilin 3|Junctional complexes between the plasma membrane and endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum are a common feature of all excitable cell types and mediate cross talk between cell surface and intracellular ion channels. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of junctional complexes and is composed of a C-terminal hydrophobic segment spanning the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane and a remaining cytoplasmic domain that shows specific affinity for the plasma membrane. CAG/CTG repeat expansions at the Huntington's disease (HD)-like 2 locus have been identified in this gene, which is a member of the junctophilin gene family. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| VPS8 | vacuolar protein sorting 8 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| UBAC2 | UBA domain containing 2| |
| JPH4 | junctophilin 4|This gene encodes a member of the junctophilin family of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the formation of the junctional membrane complexes between the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum in excitable cells. The encoded protein contains a conserved N-terminal repeat region called the membrane occupation and recognition nexus sequence that is found in other members of the junctophilin family. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| UBAC1 | UBA domain containing 1| |
| TYK2 | tyrosine kinase 2|This gene encodes a member of the tyrosine kinase and, more specifically, the Janus kinases (JAKs) protein families. This protein associates with the cytoplasmic domain of type I and type II cytokine receptors and promulgate cytokine signals by phosphorylating receptor subunits. It is also component of both the type I and type III interferon signaling pathways. As such, it may play a role in anti-viral immunity. A mutation in this gene has been associated with hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) - a primary immunodeficiency characterized by elevated serum immunoglobulin E. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AMZ2 | archaelysin family metallopeptidase 2| |
| HBQ1 | hemoglobin, theta 1|Theta-globin mRNA is found in human fetal erythroid tissue but not in adult erythroid or other nonerythroid tissue. The theta-1 gene may be expressed very early in embryonic life, perhaps sometime before 5 weeks. Theta-1 is a member of the human alpha-globin gene cluster that involves five functional genes and two pseudogenes. The order of genes is: 5' - zeta - pseudozeta - mu - pseudoalpha-2 -pseudoalpha-1 - alpha-2 - alpha-1 - theta-1 - 3'. Research supports a transcriptionally active role for the gene and a functional role for the peptide in specific cells, possibly those of early erythroid tissue. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SUPT5H | suppressor of Ty 5 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| RETN | resistin|This gene belongs to the family defined by the mouse resistin-like genes. The characteristic feature of this family is the C-terminal stretch of 10 cys residues with identical spacing. The mouse homolog of this protein is secreted by adipocytes, and may be the hormone potentially linking obesity to type II diabetes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| TYW1 | tRNA-yW synthesizing protein 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|Wybutosine (yW) is a hypermodified guanosine found in phenylalanine tRNA adjacent to the anticodon that stabilizes codon-anticodon interactions in the ribosome. In yeast, the homolog of this gene is essential for the synthesis of wybutosine. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| RPTN | repetin| |
| MT1H | metallothionein 1H| |
| CELA1 | chymotrypsin-like elastase family, member 1|Elastases form a subfamily of serine proteases that hydrolyze many proteins in addition to elastin. Humans have six elastase genes which encode the structurally similar proteins elastase 1, 2, 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B. Unlike other elastases, pancreatic elastase 1 is not expressed in the pancreas. To date, elastase 1 expression has only been detected in skin keratinocytes. Clinical literature that describes human elastase 1 activity in the pancreas or fecal material is actually referring to chymotrypsin-like elastase family, member 3B. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| SH3D19 | SH3 domain containing 19|This gene encodes a multiple SH3 domain-containing protein, which interacts with other proteins, such as EBP and members of ADAM family, via the SH3 domains. This protein may be involved in suppression of Ras-induced cellular transformation and Ras-mediated activation of ELK1 by EBP, and regulation of ADAM proteins in the signaling of EGFR-ligand shedding. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| ARHGEF10 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 10|This gene encodes a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). Rho GEFs regulate the activity of small Rho GTPases by stimulating the exchange of guanine diphosphate (GDP) for guanine triphosphate (GTP) and may play a role in neural morphogenesis. Mutations in this gene are associated with slowed nerve conduction velocity (SNCV). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| ARHGEF11 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 11|Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes that are initiated by extracellular stimuli that work through G protein coupled receptors. The encoded protein may form a complex with G proteins and stimulate Rho-dependent signals. A similar protein in rat interacts with glutamate transporter EAAT4 and modulates its glutamate transport activity. Expression of the rat protein induces the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and its overexpression induces the formation of membrane ruffling and filopodia. Two alternative transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARHGEF12 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 12|Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes that are initiated by extracellular stimuli working through G protein-coupled receptors. The encoded protein may form a complex with G proteins and stimulate Rho-dependent signals. This protein has been observed to form a myeloid/lymphoid fusion partner in acute myeloid leukemia. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| PTGDS | prostaglandin D2 synthase 21kDa (brain)|The protein encoded by this gene is a glutathione-independent prostaglandin D synthase that catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to postaglandin D2 (PGD2). PGD2 functions as a neuromodulator as well as a trophic factor in the central nervous system. PGD2 is also involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation and is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. This gene is preferentially expressed in brain. Studies with transgenic mice overexpressing this gene suggest that this gene may be also involved in the regulation of non-rapid eye movement sleep. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARHGEF15 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 15|Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes that are initiated by extracellular stimuli that work through G protein-coupled receptors. This gene encodes a protein that functions as a specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor for RhoA. It also interacts with ephrin A4 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Two alternatively spliced transcripts variants that encode the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| ARHGEF16 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 16|Although the specific function of this protein is not known yet, it is thought to be involved in protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARHGEF17 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 17| |
| ARHGEF18 | Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 18|Rho GTPases are GTP binding proteins that regulate a wide spectrum of cellular functions. These cellular processes include cytoskeletal rearrangements, gene transcription, cell growth and motility. Activation of Rho GTPases is under the direct control of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). The protein encoded by this gene is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor and belongs to the Rho GTPase GFE family. Family members share a common feature, a Dbl (DH) homology domain followed by a pleckstrin (PH) homology domain. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| ARHGEF19 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 19|Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) such as ARHGEF19 accelerate the GTPase activity of Rho GTPases (see RHOA, MIM 165390).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2008] |
| PAPPA | pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, pappalysin 1|This gene encodes a secreted metalloproteinase which cleaves insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs). It is thought to be involved in local proliferative processes such as wound healing and bone remodeling. Low plasma level of this protein has been suggested as a biochemical marker for pregnancies with aneuploid fetuses. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FXR1 | fragile X mental retardation, autosomal homolog 1|The protein encoded by this gene is an RNA binding protein that interacts with the functionally-similar proteins FMR1 and FXR2. These proteins shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm and associate with polyribosomes, predominantly with the 60S ribosomal subunit. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PIK3C2A | phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit type 2 alpha|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family. PI3-kinases play roles in signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation, cell survival, cell migration, and intracellular protein trafficking. This protein contains a lipid kinase catalytic domain as well as a C-terminal C2 domain, a characteristic of class II PI3-kinases. C2 domains act as calcium-dependent phospholipid binding motifs that mediate translocation of proteins to membranes, and may also mediate protein-protein interactions. The PI3-kinase activity of this protein is not sensitive to nanomolar levels of the inhibitor wortmanin. This protein was shown to be able to be activated by insulin and may be involved in integrin-dependent signaling. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PIK3C2G | phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit type 2 gamma|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family. PI3-kinases play roles in signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation, cell survival, cell migration, and intracellular protein trafficking. This protein contains a lipid kinase catalytic domain as well as a C-terminal C2 domain, a characteristic of class II PI3-kinases. C2 domains act as calcium-dependent phospholipid binding motifs that mediate translocation of proteins to membranes, and may also mediate protein-protein interactions. This gene may play a role in several diseases, including type II diabetes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| DHX29 | DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box polypeptide 29| |
| SGK3 | serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase family, member 3|This gene is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family and encodes a phosphoprotein with a PX (phox homology) domain. The protein phosphorylates several target proteins and has a role in neutral amino acid transport and activation of potassium and chloride channels. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CYP4X1 | cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily X, polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. The expression pattern of a similar rat protein suggests that this protein may be involved in neurovascular function in the brain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SHCBP1 | SHC SH2-domain binding protein 1| |
| SBF1 | SET binding factor 1|This gene encodes a member of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. However, the encoded protein does not appear to be a catalytically active phosphatase because it lacks several amino acids in the catalytic pocket. This protein contains a Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) domain which is necessary for its role in growth and differentiation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 4B3. Pseudogenes of this gene have been defined on chromosomes 1 and 8. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| TNKS2 | tankyrase, TRF1-interacting ankyrin-related ADP-ribose polymerase 2| |
| MUC3B | mucin 3B, cell surface associated| |
| NEUROD4 | neuronal differentiation 4| |
| LST1 | leukocyte specific transcript 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane protein that can inhibit the proliferation of lymphocytes. Expression of this gene is enhanced by lipopolysaccharide, interferon-gamma, and bacteria. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| D2HGDH | D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase|This gene encodes D-2hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, a mitochondrial enzyme belonging to the FAD-binding oxidoreductase/transferase type 4 family. This enzyme, which is most active in liver and kidney but also active in heart and brain, converts D-2-hydroxyglutarate to 2-ketoglutarate. Mutations in this gene are present in D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, a rare recessive neurometabolic disorder causing developmental delay, epilepsy, hypotonia, and dysmorphic features. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MITD1 | MIT, microtubule interacting and transport, domain containing 1| |
| CEP76 | centrosomal protein 76kDa|This gene encodes a centrosomal protein which regulates centriole amplification by limiting centriole duplication to once per cell cycle. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| CEP70 | centrosomal protein 70kDa| |
| RHBDD3 | rhomboid domain containing 3| |
| ZNF778 | zinc finger protein 778|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family, and it contains one KRAB domain and eighteen C2H2-type zinc fingers. This gene is a candidate gene for autism and variable cognitive impairment in the 16q24.3 microdeletion syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| RHBDD1 | rhomboid domain containing 1| |
| ZNF777 | zinc finger protein 777| |
| KLC2 | kinesin light chain 2|Kinesin is a molecular motor that generates ATP-dependent movement of vesicles and organelles along microtubules. Kinesin consists of 2 light chains, such as KLC2, and 2 heavy chains (see KIF5B; MIM 602809) in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio (Rahman et al., 1998 [PubMed 9624122]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| KLC3 | kinesin light chain 3|This gene encodes a member of the kinesin light chain gene family. Kinesins are molecular motors involved in the transport of cargo along microtubules, and are composed of two kinesin heavy chain (KHC) and two kinesin light chain (KLC) molecules. KLCs are thought to typically be involved in binding cargo and regulating kinesin activity. In the rat, a protein similar to this gene product is expressed in post-meiotic spermatids, where it associates with structural components of sperm tails and mitochondria. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF772 | zinc finger protein 772| |
| ZNF773 | zinc finger protein 773| |
| ZNF770 | zinc finger protein 770| |
| ZNF771 | zinc finger protein 771| |
| SERF1A | small EDRK-rich factor 1A (telomeric)|This gene is part of a 500 kb inverted duplication on chromosome 5q13. This duplicated region contains at least four genes and repetitive elements which make it prone to rearrangements and deletions. The repetitiveness and complexity of the sequence have also caused difficulty in determining the organization of this genomic region. The duplication region includes both a telomeric and a centromeric copy of this gene. Deletions of this gene, the telomeric copy, often accompany deletions of the neighboring SMN1 gene in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients, and so it is thought that this gene may be a modifier of the SMA phenotype. The function of this protein is not known; however, it bears low-level homology with the RNA-binding domain of matrin-cyclophilin, a protein which colocalizes with small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and the SMN1 gene product. Alternatively spliced transcripts have been documented but it is unclear whether alternative splicing occurs for both the centromeric and telomeric copies of the gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| USP17L2 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 17-like family member 2|DUB3 is a member of the ubiquitin processing protease (UBP) subfamily of deubiquitinating enzymes. See USP1 (MIM 603478) for background information.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| FBXW10 | F-box and WD repeat domain containing 10|Members of the F-box protein family, such as FBXW10, are characterized by an approximately 40-amino acid F-box motif. SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases. F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains (Jin et al., 2004 [PubMed 15520277]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| FBXW11 | F-box and WD repeat domain containing 11|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbws class and, in addition to an F-box, contains multiple WD40 repeats. This gene contains at least 14 exons, and its alternative splicing generates 3 transcript variants diverging at the presence/absence of two alternate exons. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| USP17L7 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 17-like family member 7| |
| HINFP | histone H4 transcription factor|This gene encodes a transcription factor that interacts with methyl-CpG-binding protein-2 (MBD2), a component of the MeCP1 histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex, and plays a role in DNA methylation and transcription repression. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| L1CAM | L1 cell adhesion molecule|The protein encoded by this gene is an axonal glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin supergene family. The ectodomain, consisting of several immunoglobulin-like domains and fibronectin-like repeats (type III), is linked via a single transmembrane sequence to a conserved cytoplasmic domain. This cell adhesion molecule plays an important role in nervous system development, including neuronal migration and differentiation. Mutations in the gene cause X-linked neurological syndromes known as CRASH (corpus callosum hypoplasia, retardation, aphasia, spastic paraplegia and hydrocephalus). Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants, some of which include an alternate exon that is considered to be specific to neurons. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| GPLD1 | glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1|Many proteins are tethered to the extracellular face of eukaryotic plasma membranes by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. The GPI-anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells. The protein encoded by this gene is a GPI degrading enzyme. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 hydrolyzes the inositol phosphate linkage in proteins anchored by phosphatidylinositol glycans, thereby releasing the attached protein from the plasma membrane. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TPK1 | thiamin pyrophosphokinase 1|This gene encodes a protein, that exists as a homodimer, which catalyzes the conversion of thiamine to thiamine pyrophosphate. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BAZ2A | bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain, 2A| |
| OR2W1 | olfactory receptor, family 2, subfamily W, member 1|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RALYL | RALY RNA binding protein-like| |
| TDO2 | tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase|This gene encodes a heme enzyme that plays a critical role in tryptophan metabolism by catalyzing the first and rate-limiting step of the kynurenine pathway. Increased activity of the encoded protein and subsequent kynurenine production may also play a role in cancer through the suppression of antitumor immune responses, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with autism. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| CHCHD2 | coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 2| |
| CHCHD3 | coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 3| |
| CHCHD1 | coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 1| |
| TANK | TRAF family member-associated NFKB activator|The TRAF (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor) family of proteins associate with and transduce signals from members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. The protein encoded by this gene is found in the cytoplasm and can bind to TRAF1, TRAF2, or TRAF3, thereby inhibiting TRAF function by sequestering the TRAFs in a latent state in the cytoplasm. For example, the protein encoded by this gene can block TRAF2 binding to LMP1, the Epstein-Barr virus transforming protein, and inhibit LMP1-mediated NF-kappa-B activation. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| MYBPH | myosin binding protein H| |
| MTHFSD | methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase domain containing| |
| CHCHD5 | coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 5| |
| DLL3 | delta-like 3 (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a member of the delta protein ligand family. This family functions as Notch ligands that are characterized by a DSL domain, EGF repeats, and a transmembrane domain. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal recessive spondylocostal dysostosis 1. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SRP68 | signal recognition particle 68kDa|This gene encodes a subunit of the signal recognition particle (SRP). The SRP is a ribonucleoprotein complex that transports secreted and membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum for processing. The complex includes a 7S RNA and six protein subunits. The encoded protein is the 68kDa component of the SRP, and forms a heterodimer with the 72kDa subunit that is required for SRP function. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and three pseudogenes of this gene are located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| VNN2 | vanin 2|This gene product is a member of the Vanin family of proteins that share extensive sequence similarity with each other, and also with biotinidase. The family includes secreted and membrane-associated proteins, a few of which have been reported to participate in hematopoietic cell trafficking. No biotinidase activity has been demonstrated for any of the vanin proteins, however, they possess pantetheinase activity, which may play a role in oxidative-stress response. The encoded protein is a GPI-anchored cell surface molecule that plays a role in transendothelial migration of neutrophils. This gene lies in close proximity to, and in same transcriptional orientation as two other vanin genes on chromosome 6q23-q24. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| OVCA2 | ovarian tumor suppressor candidate 2| |
| ZNF519 | zinc finger protein 519| |
| GRK7 | G protein-coupled receptor kinase 7|This gene encodes a member of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor kinase subfamily of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. It is specifically expressed in the retina and the encoded protein has been shown to phosphorylate cone opsins and initiate their deactivation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF512 | zinc finger protein 512|This gene encodes a protein containing four putative zinc finger motifs. Zinc finger motifs may bind to proteins or nucleic acids. Zinc finger-containing proteins are involved in a variety of processes, including regulation of transcription. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012] |
| ZNF513 | zinc finger protein 513|The protein encoded by this gene is a possible transcriptional regulator involved in retinal development. Defects in this gene can be a cause of autosomal-recessive retinitis pigmentosa. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| TRPT1 | tRNA phosphotransferase 1| |
| ZNF516 | zinc finger protein 516|Zinc-finger proteins bind nucleic acids and play important roles in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. This gene encodes a zinc-finger protein, and belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. It may be involved in transcriptional regulation. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012] |
| HNMT | histamine N-methyltransferase|In mammals, histamine is metabolized by two major pathways: N(tau)-methylation via histamine N-methyltransferase and oxidative deamination via diamine oxidase. This gene encodes the first enzyme which is found in the cytosol and uses S-adenosyl-L-methionine as the methyl donor. In the mammalian brain, the neurotransmitter activity of histamine is controlled by N(tau)-methylation as diamine oxidase is not found in the central nervous system. A common genetic polymorphism affects the activity levels of this gene product in red blood cells. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different proteins have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF514 | zinc finger protein 514| |
| WDR16 | cilia and flagella associated protein 52|WD repeat-containing proteins, such as WDR16, play crucial roles in a wide range of physiologic functions, including signal transduction, RNA processing, remodeling the cytoskeleton, regulation of vesicular traffic, and cell division (Silva et al., 2005 [PubMed 15967112]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| TSPYL4 | TSPY-like 4| |
| TSPYL5 | TSPY-like 5| |
| TSPYL1 | TSPY-like 1|The protein encoded by this gene is found in the nucleolus and is similar to that of a family of genes on the Y-chromosome. This gene is intronless. Defects in this gene are a cause of sudden infant death with dysgenesis of the testes syndrome (SIDDT). [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| TSPYL2 | TSPY-like 2|This gene encodes a member of the testis-specific protein Y-encoded, TSPY-like/SET/nucleosome assembly protein-1 superfamily. The encoded protein is localized to the nucleolus where it functions in chromatin remodeling and as an inhibitor of cell-cycle progression. This protein may play a role in the suppression of tumor growth. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| RPH3AL | rabphilin 3A-like (without C2 domains)|The protein encoded by this gene plays a direct regulatory role in calcium-ion-dependent exocytosis in both endocrine and exocrine cells and plays a key role in insulin secretion by pancreatic cells. This gene is likely a tumor suppressor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| DLG3 | discs, large homolog 3 (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase protein family. The encoded protein may play a role in clustering of NMDA receptors at excitatory synapses. It may also negatively regulate cell proliferation through interaction with the C-terminal region of the adenomatosis polyposis coli tumor suppressor protein. Mutations in this gene have been associated with X-linked mental retardation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| IAPP | islet amyloid polypeptide|The protein encoded by this gene is commonly found in pancreatic islets of patients suffering diabetes mellitus type II, or harboring an insulinoma. Studies suggest that this protein, like the related beta-amyloid (Abeta) associated with Alzheimer's disease, can induce apoptotic cell-death in particular cultured cells, an effect that may be relevant to the development of type II diabetes. This protein also exhibits an bactericidal, antimicrobial activity. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| CCL19 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19|This antimicrobial gene is one of several CC cytokine genes clustered on the p-arm of chromosome 9. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene may play a role in normal lymphocyte recirculation and homing. It also plays an important role in trafficking of T cells in thymus, and in T cell and B cell migration to secondary lymphoid organs. It specifically binds to chemokine receptor CCR7. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| SLC39A8 | solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 8|This gene encodes a member of the SLC39 family of solute-carrier genes, which show structural characteristics of zinc transporters. The encoded protein is glycosylated and found in the plasma membrane and mitochondria, and functions in the cellular import of zinc at the onset of inflammation. It is also thought to be the primary transporter of the toxic cation cadmium, which is found in cigarette smoke. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Additional alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but their full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| SLC39A9 | solute carrier family 39, member 9| |
| MSTN | myostatin|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family and the TGF-beta superfamily. This group of proteins is characterized by a polybasic proteolytic processing site which is cleaved to produce a mature protein containing seven conserved cysteine residues. The members of this family are regulators of cell growth and differentiation in both embryonic and adult tissues. This gene is thought to encode a secreted protein which negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DLG2 | discs, large homolog 2 (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family. The encoded protein forms a heterodimer with a related family member that may interact at postsynaptic sites to form a multimeric scaffold for the clustering of receptors, ion channels, and associated signaling proteins. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Additional transcript variants have been described, but their full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| SDCCAG3 | serologically defined colon cancer antigen 3| |
| HIST2H3A | histone cluster 2, H3a|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. This structure consists of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a nucleosome, an octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H3 family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails; instead, they contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in a histone cluster on chromosome 1. This gene is one of four histone genes in the cluster that are duplicated; this record represents the centromeric copy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DLG5 | discs, large homolog 5 (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a member of the family of discs large (DLG) homologs, a subset of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) superfamily. The MAGUK proteins are composed of a catalytically inactive guanylate kinase domain, in addition to PDZ and SH3 domains, and are thought to function as scaffolding molecules at sites of cell-cell contact. The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the plasma membrane and cytoplasm, and interacts with components of adherens junctions and the cytoskeleton. It is proposed to function in the transmission of extracellular signals to the cytoskeleton and in the maintenance of epithelial cell structure. Alternative splice variants have been described but their biological nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC39A2 | solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 2|This gene encodes a member of the ZIP family of metal ion transporters. The encoded protein functions as a zinc transporter. Mutations in this gene may be associated with susceptibility to carotid artery disease. Multiple transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| SLC39A3 | solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 3| |
| SLC39A4 | solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 4|This gene encodes a member of the zinc/iron-regulated transporter-like protein (ZIP) family. The encoded protein localizes to cell membranes and is required for zinc uptake in the intestine. Mutations in this gene result in acrodermatitis enteropathica. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| XIRP1 | xin actin binding repeat containing 1| |
| SLC39A6 | solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 6|Zinc is an essential cofactor for hundreds of enzymes. It is involved in protein, nucleic acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, as well as in the control of gene transcription, growth, development, and differentiation. SLC39A6 belongs to a subfamily of proteins that show structural characteristics of zinc transporters (Taylor and Nicholson, 2003 [PubMed 12659941]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SLC39A7 | solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 7|The protein encoded by this gene transports zinc from the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum to the cytoplasm. This transport may be important for activation of tyrosine kinases, some of which could be involved in cancer progression. Therefore, modulation of the encoded protein could be useful as a therapeutic agent against cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| PSCA | prostate stem cell antigen|This gene encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell membrane glycoprotein. In addition to being highly expressed in the prostate it is also expressed in the bladder, placenta, colon, kidney, and stomach. This gene is up-regulated in a large proportion of prostate cancers and is also detected in cancers of the bladder and pancreas. This gene includes a polymorphism that results in an upstream start codon in some individuals; this polymorphism is thought to be associated with a risk for certain gastric and bladder cancers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| PSIP1 | PC4 and SFRS1 interacting protein 1| |
| GZMA | granzyme A (granzyme 1, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated serine esterase 3)|Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells share the remarkable ability to recognize, bind, and lyse specific target cells. They are thought to protect their host by lysing cells bearing on their surface 'nonself' antigens, usually peptides or proteins resulting from infection by intracellular pathogens. The protein described here is a T cell- and natural killer cell-specific serine protease that may function as a common component necessary for lysis of target cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GZMB | granzyme B (granzyme 2, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated serine esterase 1)|Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells share the remarkable ability to recognize, bind, and lyse specific target cells. They are thought to protect their host by lysing cells bearing on their surface 'nonself' antigens, usually peptides or proteins resulting from infection by intracellular pathogens. The protein encoded by this gene is crucial for the rapid induction of target cell apoptosis by CTL in cell-mediated immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GZMM | granzyme M (lymphocyte met-ase 1)|Human natural killer (NK) cells and activated lymphocytes express and store a distinct subset of neutral serine proteases together with proteoglycans and other immune effector molecules in large cytoplasmic granules. These serine proteases are collectively termed granzymes and include 4 distinct gene products: granzyme A, granzyme B, granzyme H, and the protein encoded by this gene, granzyme M. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| MTHFD1L | methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 1-like|The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the synthesis of tetrahydrofolate (THF) in the mitochondrion. THF is important in the de novo synthesis of purines and thymidylate and in the regeneration of methionine from homocysteine. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| GZMH | granzyme H (cathepsin G-like 2, protein h-CCPX)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the granzyme family. Members of this family are highly conserved serine proteases that eliminate transformed cells and virus-infected cells. This protein, which has chymotrypsin-like activity, has a preference for bulky aromatic amino acids at the P1 position and for acidic residues at the P3' and P4' positions. This protein is reported to be constitutively expressed in NK cells and may play a role in the cytotoxic arm of the innate immune response by inducing target cell death and by directly cleaving substrates in pathogen-infected cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| GZMK | granzyme K (granzyme 3; tryptase II)|This gene product is a member of a group of related serine proteases from the cytoplasmic granules of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells share the remarkable ability to recognize, bind, and lyse specific target cells. They are thought to protect their host by lysing cells bearing on their surface 'nonself' antigens, usually peptides or proteins resulting from infection by intracellular pathogens. The protein described here lacks consensus sequences for N-glycosylation present in other granzymes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MSRB2 | methionine sulfoxide reductase B2| |
| TMX2 | thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 2| |
| KIAA1377 | centrosomal protein 126kDa| |
| VWF | von Willebrand factor|The glycoprotein encoded by this gene functions as both an antihemophilic factor carrier and a platelet-vessel wall mediator in the blood coagulation system. It is crucial to the hemostasis process. Mutations in this gene or deficiencies in this protein result in von Willebrand's disease. An unprocessed pseudogene has been found on chromosome 22. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EPDR1 | ependymin related 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a type II transmembrane protein that is similar to two families of cell adhesion molecules, the protocadherins and ependymins. This protein may play a role in calcium-dependent cell adhesion. This protein is glycosylated, and the orthologous mouse protein is localized to the lysosome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 8. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| MYH10 | myosin, heavy chain 10, non-muscle|This gene encodes a member of the myosin superfamily. The protein represents a conventional non-muscle myosin; it should not be confused with the unconventional myosin-10 (MYO10). Myosins are actin-dependent motor proteins with diverse functions including regulation of cytokinesis, cell motility, and cell polarity. Mutations in this gene have been associated with May-Hegglin anomaly and developmental defects in brain and heart. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| MAP4K1 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1| |
| MYH13 | myosin, heavy chain 13, skeletal muscle| |
| MYH14 | myosin, heavy chain 14, non-muscle|This gene encodes a member of the myosin superfamily. The protein represents a conventional non-muscle myosin; it should not be confused with the unconventional myosin-14 (MYO14). Myosins are actin-dependent motor proteins with diverse functions including regulation of cytokinesis, cell motility, and cell polarity. Mutations in this gene result in one form of autosomal dominant hearing impairment. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| MYH15 | myosin, heavy chain 15| |
| AOX1 | aldehyde oxidase 1|Aldehyde oxidase produces hydrogen peroxide and, under certain conditions, can catalyze the formation of superoxide. Aldehyde oxidase is a candidate gene for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HDAC11 | histone deacetylase 11|This gene encodes a class IV histone deacetylase. The encoded protein is localized to the nucleus and may be involved in regulating the expression of interleukin 10. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| SMG9 | SMG9 nonsense mediated mRNA decay factor| |
| HYKK | hydroxylysine kinase| |
| MAP4K3 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 3|This gene encodes a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase family. The encoded protein activates key effectors in cell signalling, among them c-Jun. Alternatively spliced transcripts encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| RET | ret proto-oncogene|This gene, a member of the cadherin superfamily, encodes one of the receptor tyrosine kinases, which are cell-surface molecules that transduce signals for cell growth and differentiation. This gene plays a crucial role in neural crest development, and it can undergo oncogenic activation in vivo and in vitro by cytogenetic rearrangement. Mutations in this gene are associated with the disorders multiple endocrine neoplasia, type IIA, multiple endocrine neoplasia, type IIB, Hirschsprung disease, and medullary thyroid carcinoma. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Additional transcript variants have been described but their biological validity has not been confirmed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C11orf30 | chromosome 11 open reading frame 30| |
| CDH12 | cadherin 12, type 2 (N-cadherin 2)|This gene encodes a type II classical cadherin from the cadherin superfamily of integral membrane proteins that mediate calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion. Mature cadherin proteins are composed of a large N-terminal extracellular domain, a single membrane-spanning domain, and a small, highly conserved C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. Type II (atypical) cadherins are defined based on their lack of a HAV cell adhesion recognition sequence specific to type I cadherins. This particular cadherin appears to be expressed specifically in the brain and its temporal pattern of expression would be consistent with a role during a critical period of neuronal development, perhaps specifically during synaptogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| REN | renin|Renin catalyzes the first step in the activation pathway of angiotensinogen--a cascade that can result in aldosterone release,vasoconstriction, and increase in blood pressure. Renin, an aspartyl protease, cleaves angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I, which is converted to angiotensin II by angiotensin I converting enzyme, an important regulator of blood pressure and electrolyte balance. Transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms and that arise from alternative splicing and the use of alternative promoters have been described, but their full-length nature has not been determined. Mutations in this gene have been shown to cause familial hyperproreninemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| REL | v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the Rel homology domain/immunoglobulin-like fold, plexin, transcription factor (RHD/IPT) family. Members of this family regulate genes involved in apoptosis, inflammation, the immune response, and oncogenic processes. This proto-oncogene plays a role in the survival and proliferation of B lymphocytes. Mutation or amplification of this gene is associated with B-cell lymphomas, including Hodgkin's lymphoma. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene are associated with susceptibility to ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| CDH15 | cadherin 15, type 1, M-cadherin (myotubule)|This gene is a member of the cadherin superfamily of genes, encoding calcium-dependent intercellular adhesion glycoproteins. Cadherins consist of an extracellular domain containing 5 cadherin domains, a transmembrane region, and a conserved cytoplasmic domain. Transcripts from this particular cadherin are expressed in myoblasts and upregulated in myotubule-forming cells. The protein is thought to be essential for the control of morphogenetic processes, specifically myogenesis, and may provide a trigger for terminal muscle cell differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DYSF | dysferlin|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ferlin family and is a skeletal muscle protein found associated with the sarcolemma. It is involved in muscle contraction and contains C2 domains that play a role in calcium-mediated membrane fusion events, suggesting that it may be involved in membrane regeneration and repair. In addition, the protein encoded by this gene binds caveolin-3, a skeletal muscle membrane protein which is important in the formation of caveolae. Specific mutations in this gene have been shown to cause autosomal recessive limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B) as well as Miyoshi myopathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| PIK3AP1 | phosphoinositide-3-kinase adaptor protein 1| |
| CREG1 | cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 1|The adenovirus E1A protein both activates and represses gene expression to promote cellular proliferation and inhibit differentiation. The protein encoded by this gene antagonizes transcriptional activation and cellular transformation by E1A. This protein shares limited sequence similarity with E1A and binds both the general transcription factor TBP and the tumor suppressor pRb in vitro. This gene may contribute to the transcriptional control of cell growth and differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HMBS | hydroxymethylbilane synthase|This gene encodes a member of the hydroxymethylbilane synthase superfamily. The encoded protein is the third enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway and catalyzes the head to tail condensation of four porphobilinogen molecules into the linear hydroxymethylbilane. Mutations in this gene are associated with the autosomal dominant disease acute intermittent porphyria. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDH17 | cadherin 17, LI cadherin (liver-intestine)|This gene is a member of the cadherin superfamily, genes encoding calcium-dependent, membrane-associated glycoproteins. The encoded protein is cadherin-like, consisting of an extracellular region, containing 7 cadherin domains, and a transmembrane region but lacking the conserved cytoplasmic domain. The protein is a component of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreatic ducts, acting as an intestinal proton-dependent peptide transporter in the first step in oral absorption of many medically important peptide-based drugs. The protein may also play a role in the morphological organization of liver and intestine. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| KLRG1 | killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G, member 1|Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. They can also regulate specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the killer cell lectin-like receptor (KLR) family, which is a group of transmembrane proteins preferentially expressed in NK cells. Studies in mice suggested that the expression of this gene may be regulated by MHC class I molecules. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been reported, but their full-length natures have not yet been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDCA5 | cell division cycle associated 5| |
| TP53TG3C | TP53 target 3C| |
| GLTPD2 | glycolipid transfer protein domain containing 2| |
| SPATA22 | spermatogenesis associated 22| |
| SLCO4A1 | solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 4A1| |
| SPATA21 | spermatogenesis associated 21| |
| TMEM225 | transmembrane protein 225| |
| SYCP3 | synaptonemal complex protein 3|This gene encodes an essential structural component of the synaptonemal complex. This complex is involved in synapsis, recombination and segregation of meiotic chromosomes. Mutations in this gene are associated with azoospermia in males and susceptibility to pregnancy loss in females. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| ROM1 | retinal outer segment membrane protein 1|This gene is a member of a photoreceptor-specific gene family and encodes an integral membrane protein found in the photoreceptor disk rim of the eye. This protein can form homodimers or can heterodimerize with another photoreceptor, retinal degeneration slow (RDS). It is essential for disk morphogenesis, and may also function as an adhesion molecule involved in the stabilization and compaction of outer segment disks or in the maintenance of the curvature of the rim. Certain defects in this gene have been associated with the degenerative eye disease retinitis pigmentosa. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPEF2 | protein phosphatase, EF-hand calcium binding domain 2|This gene encodes a member of the serine/threonine protein phosphatase with EF-hand motif family. The protein contains a protein phosphatase catalytic domain, and at least two EF-hand calcium-binding motifs in its C terminus. Although its substrate(s) is unknown, the encoded protein, which is expressed specifically in photoreceptors and the pineal, has been suggested to play a role in the visual system. This gene shares high sequence similarity with the Drosophila retinal degeneration C (rdgC) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPEF1 | protein phosphatase, EF-hand calcium binding domain 1|This gene encodes a member of the serine/threonine protein phosphatase with EF-hand motif family. The protein contains a protein phosphatase catalytic domain, and at least two EF-hand calcium-binding motifs in its C terminus. Although its substrate(s) is unknown, the encoded protein has been suggested to play a role in specific sensory neuron function and/or development. This gene shares high sequence similarity with the Drosophila retinal degeneration C (rdgC) gene. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants, each encoding a distinct isoform, have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SCAF4 | SR-related CTD-associated factor 4|This gene likely encodes a member of the arginine/serine-rich splicing factor family. A similar protein in Rat appears to bind the large subunit of RNA polymerase II and provide a link between transcription and pre-mRNA splicing. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| LAMC1 | laminin, gamma 1 (formerly LAMB2)|Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Laminins, composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively), have a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. Several isoforms of each chain have been described. Different alpha, beta and gamma chain isomers combine to give rise to different heterotrimeric laminin isoforms which are designated by Arabic numerals in the order of their discovery, i.e. alpha1beta1gamma1 heterotrimer is laminin 1. The biological functions of the different chains and trimer molecules are largely unknown, but some of the chains have been shown to differ with respect to their tissue distribution, presumably reflecting diverse functions in vivo. This gene encodes the gamma chain isoform laminin, gamma 1. The gamma 1 chain, formerly thought to be a beta chain, contains structural domains similar to beta chains, however, lacks the short alpha region separating domains I and II. The structural organization of this gene also suggested that it had diverged considerably from the beta chain genes. Embryos of transgenic mice in which both alleles of the gamma 1 chain gene were inactivated by homologous recombination, lacked basement membranes, indicating that laminin, gamma 1 chain is necessary for laminin heterotrimer assembly. It has been inferred by analogy with the strikingly similar 3' UTR sequence in mouse laminin gamma 1 cDNA, that multiple polyadenylation sites are utilized in human to generate the 2 different sized mRNAs (5.5 and 7.5 kb) seen on Northern analysis. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| SPATA24 | spermatogenesis associated 24| |
| KIR2DL5A | killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, two domains, long cytoplasmic tail, 5A|Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SCAF8 | SR-related CTD-associated factor 8| |
| WEE1 | WEE1 G2 checkpoint kinase|This gene encodes a nuclear protein, which is a tyrosine kinase belonging to the Ser/Thr family of protein kinases. This protein catalyzes the inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation of CDC2/cyclin B kinase, and appears to coordinate the transition between DNA replication and mitosis by protecting the nucleus from cytoplasmically activated CDC2 kinase. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM63A | transmembrane protein 63A| |
| MTFMT | mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase|The protein encoded by this nuclear gene localizes to the mitochondrion, where it catalyzes the formylation of methionyl-tRNA. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| KIAA1598 | |
| NAA38 | N(alpha)-acetyltransferase 38, NatC auxiliary subunit| |
| NAA35 | N(alpha)-acetyltransferase 35, NatC auxiliary subunit| |
| NTN3 | netrin 3| |
| NAA30 | N(alpha)-acetyltransferase 30, NatC catalytic subunit| |
| FITM2 | fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein 2|FIT2 belongs to an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins involved in fat storage (Kadereit et al., 2008 [PubMed 18160536]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2008] |
| FITM1 | fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein 1|FIT1 belongs to an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins involved in fat storage (Kadereit et al., 2008 [PubMed 18160536]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2008] |
| IFNA21 | interferon, alpha 21|This gene is a member of the alpha interferon gene cluster on the short arm of chromosome 9. Interferons are cytokines produced in response to viral infection that mediate the immune response and interfere with viral replication. The encoded protein is a type I interferon and may play a specific role in the antiviral response to rubella virus. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| RPS10P5 | ribosomal protein S10 pseudogene 5| |
| ATAD2B | ATPase family, AAA domain containing 2B|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the AAA ATPase family. This family member includes an N-terminal bromodomain. It has been found to be localized to the nucleus, partly to replication sites, consistent with a chromatin-related function. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| RBM7 | RNA binding motif protein 7| |
| RBM6 | RNA binding motif protein 6| |
| RBM5 | RNA binding motif protein 5|This gene is a candidate tumor suppressor gene which encodes a nuclear RNA binding protein that is a component of the spliceosome A complex. The encoded protein plays a role in the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through pre-mRNA splicing of multiple target genes including the tumor suppressor protein p53. This gene is located within the tumor suppressor region 3p21.3, and may play a role in the inhibition of tumor transformation and progression of several malignancies including lung cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| RBM4 | RNA binding motif protein 4| |
| RBM3 | RNA binding motif (RNP1, RRM) protein 3|This gene is a member of the glycine-rich RNA-binding protein family and encodes a protein with one RNA recognition motif (RRM) domain. Expression of this gene is induced by cold shock and low oxygen tension. A pseudogene exists on chromosome 1. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that are predicted to encode different isoforms have been characterized although some of these variants fit nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) criteria. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| B4GALNT1 | beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 1|GM2 and GD2 gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids. GalNAc-T is the enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of G(M2) and G(D2) glycosphingolipids. GalNAc-T catalyzes the transfer of GalNAc into G(M3) and G(D3) by a beta-1,4 linkage, resulting in the synthesis of G(M2) and G(D2), respectively. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013] |
| RPL23A | ribosomal protein L23a|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L23P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. The protein may be one of the target molecules involved in mediating growth inhibition by interferon. In yeast, the corresponding protein binds to a specific site on the 26S rRNA. This gene is co-transcribed with the U42A, U42B, U101A, and U101B small nucleolar RNA genes, which are located in its third, first, second, and fourth introns, respectively. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPD2 | glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 (mitochondrial)|The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane and catalyzes the conversion of glycerol-3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, using FAD as a cofactor. Along with GDP1, the encoded protein constitutes the glycerol phosphate shuttle, which reoxidizes NADH formed during glycolysis. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| CAT | catalase|This gene encodes catalase, a key antioxidant enzyme in the bodies defense against oxidative stress. Catalase is a heme enzyme that is present in the peroxisome of nearly all aerobic cells. Catalase converts the reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen and thereby mitigates the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. Oxidative stress is hypothesized to play a role in the development of many chronic or late-onset diseases such as diabetes, asthma, Alzheimer's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancers. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with decreases in catalase activity but, to date, acatalasemia is the only disease known to be caused by this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| AP1S1 | adaptor-related protein complex 1, sigma 1 subunit|The protein encoded by this gene is part of the clathrin coat assembly complex which links clathrin to receptors in coated vesicles. These vesicles are involved in endocytosis and Golgi processing. This protein, as well as beta-prime-adaptin, gamma-adaptin, and the medium (mu) chain AP47, form the AP-1 assembly protein complex located at the Golgi vesicle. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AP1S2 | adaptor-related protein complex 1, sigma 2 subunit|Adaptor protein complex 1 is found at the cytoplasmic face of coated vesicles located at the Golgi complex, where it mediates both the recruitment of clathrin to the membrane and the recognition of sorting signals within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane receptors. This complex is a heterotetramer composed of two large, one medium, and one small adaptin subunit. The protein encoded by this gene serves as the small subunit of this complex and is a member of the adaptin protein family. Transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| AP1S3 | adaptor-related protein complex 1, sigma 3 subunit|This gene encodes a member of the adaptor-related protein complex 1, sigma subunit genes. The encoded protein is a component of adaptor protein complex 1 (AP-1), one of the AP complexes involved in claathrin-mediated vesicular transport from the Golgi or endosomes. Disruption of the pathway for display of HIV-1 antigens, which prevents recognition of the virus by cytotoxic T cells, has been shown to involve the AP-1 complex (PMID: 15569716). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| NDE1 | nudE neurodevelopment protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the nuclear distribution E (NudE) family of proteins. The encoded protein is localized at the centrosome and interacts with other centrosome components as part of a multiprotein complex that regulates dynein function. This protein plays an essential role in microtubule organization, mitosis and neuronal migration. Mutations in this gene cause lissencephaly 4, a disorder characterized by lissencephaly, severe brain atrophy, microcephaly, and severe mental retardation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| IVNS1ABP | influenza virus NS1A binding protein| |
| CPNE8 | copine VIII|Calcium-dependent membrane-binding proteins may regulate molecular events at the interface of the cell membrane and cytoplasm. This gene is one of several genes that encode a calcium-dependent protein containing two N-terminal type II C2 domains and an integrin A domain-like sequence in the C-terminus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CAD | carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase|The de novo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides is required for mammalian cells to proliferate. This gene encodes a trifunctional protein which is associated with the enzymatic activities of the first 3 enzymes in the 6-step pathway of pyrimidine biosynthesis: carbamoylphosphate synthetase (CPS II), aspartate transcarbamoylase, and dihydroorotase. This protein is regulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, which indicates a direct link between activation of the MAPK cascade and de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| PGF | placental growth factor|This gene encodes a growth factor found in placenta which is homologous to vascular endothelial growth factor. Alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| PGD | phosphogluconate dehydrogenase|6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase is the second dehydrogenase in the pentose phosphate shunt. Deficiency of this enzyme is generally asymptomatic, and the inheritance of this disorder is autosomal dominant. Hemolysis results from combined deficiency of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconolactonase suggesting a synergism of the two enzymopathies. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| KAZN | kazrin, periplakin interacting protein|This gene encodes a protein that plays a role in desmosome assembly, cell adhesion, cytoskeletal organization, and epidermal differentiation. This protein co-localizes with desmoplakin and the cytolinker protein periplakin. In general, this protein localizes to the nucleus, desmosomes, cell membrane, and cortical actin-based structures. Some isoforms of this protein also associate with microtubules. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Additional splice variants have been described but their biological validity has not been verified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| PGC | progastricsin (pepsinogen C)|This gene encodes an aspartic proteinase that belongs to the peptidase family A1. The encoded protein is a digestive enzyme that is produced in the stomach and constitutes a major component of the gastric mucosa. This protein is also secreted into the serum. This protein is synthesized as an inactive zymogen that includes a highly basic prosegment. This enzyme is converted into its active mature form at low pH by sequential cleavage of the prosegment that is carried out by the enzyme itself. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with susceptibility to gastric cancers. Serum levels of this enzyme are used as a biomarker for certain gastric diseases including Helicobacter pylori related gastritis. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| PDE1C | phosphodiesterase 1C, calmodulin-dependent 70kDa|Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) catalyze hydrolysis of the cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP to the corresponding nucleoside 5-prime-monophosphates. Mammalian PDEs have been classified into several families based on their biochemical properties. Members of the PDE1 family, such as PDE1C, are calmodulin (see MIM 114180)-dependent PDEs (CaM-PDEs) that are stimulated by a calcium-calmodulin complex (Repaske et al., 1992 [PubMed 1326532]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009] |
| PDE1B | phosphodiesterase 1B, calmodulin-dependent|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) family, and PDE1 subfamily. Members of the PDE1 family are calmodulin-dependent PDEs that are stimulated by a calcium-calmodulin complex. This PDE has dual-specificity for the second messengers, cAMP and cGMP, with a preference for cGMP as a substrate. cAMP and cGMP function as key regulators of many important physiological processes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| PDE1A | phosphodiesterase 1A, calmodulin-dependent|Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) play a role in signal transduction by regulating intracellular cyclic nucleotide concentrations through hydrolysis of cAMP and/or cGMP to their respective nucleoside 5-prime monophosphates. Members of the PDE1 family, such as PDE1A, are Ca(2+)/calmodulin (see CALM1; MIM 114180)-dependent PDEs (CaM-PDEs) that are activated by calmodulin in the presence of Ca(2+) (Michibata et al., 2001 [PubMed 11342109]; Fidock et al., 2002 [PubMed 11747989]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009] |
| PLB1 | phospholipase B1| |
| NUDC | nudC nuclear distribution protein|This gene encodes a nuclear distribution protein that plays an essential role in mitosis and cytokinesis. The encoded protein is involved in spindle formation during mitosis and in microtubule organization during cytokinesis. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| DYM | dymeclin|This gene encodes a protein which is necessary for normal skeletal development and brain function. Mutations in this gene are associated with two types of recessive osteochondrodysplasia, Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen (DMC) dysplasia and Smith-McCort (SMC) dysplasia, which involve both skeletal defects and mental retardation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| POTEM | POTE ankyrin domain family, member M| |
| DEFA4 | defensin, alpha 4, corticostatin|Defensins are a family of antimicrobial and cytotoxic peptides thought to be involved in host defense. They are abundant in the granules of neutrophils and also found in the epithelia of mucosal surfaces such as those of the intestine, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and vagina. Members of the defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence and distinguished by a conserved cysteine motif. Several alpha defensin genes are clustered on chromosome 8. This gene differs from other genes of this family by an extra 83-base segment that is apparently the result of a recent duplication within the coding region. The protein encoded by this gene, defensin, alpha 4, is found in the neutrophils; it exhibits corticostatic activity and inhibits corticotropin stimulated corticosterone production. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| DEFA3 | defensin, alpha 3, neutrophil-specific|Defensins are a family of antimicrobial and cytotoxic peptides thought to be involved in host defense. They are abundant in the granules of neutrophils and also found in the epithelia of mucosal surfaces such as those of the intestine, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and vagina. Members of the defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence and distinguished by a conserved cysteine motif. The protein encoded by this gene, defensin, alpha 3, is found in the microbicidal granules of neutrophils and likely plays a role in phagocyte-mediated host defense. Several alpha defensin genes are clustered on chromosome 8. This gene differs from defensin, alpha 1 by only one amino acid. This gene and the gene encoding defensin, alpha 1 are both subject to copy number variation. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| POTEJ | POTE ankyrin domain family, member J| |
| POTEI | POTE ankyrin domain family, member I| |
| POTEH | POTE ankyrin domain family, member H| |
| POTEG | POTE ankyrin domain family, member G| |
| POTEF | POTE ankyrin domain family, member F| |
| POTEE | POTE ankyrin domain family, member E| |
| POTED | POTE ankyrin domain family, member D| |
| POTEC | POTE ankyrin domain family, member C| |
| POTEB | POTE ankyrin domain family, member B| |
| HS6ST1 | heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the heparan sulfate biosynthetic enzyme family. Heparan sulfate biosynthetic enzymes are key components in generating a myriad of distinct heparan sulfate fine structures that carry out multiple biological activities. This enzyme is a type II integral membrane protein and is responsible for 6-O-sulfation of heparan sulfate. This enzyme does not share significant sequence similarity with other known sulfotransferases. A pseudogene located on chromosome 1 has been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC9C2 | solute carrier family 9, member C2 (putative)| |
| NDUFC1 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1, subcomplex unknown, 1, 6kDa|The encoded protein is a subunit of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I), the first enzyme complex in the electron transport chain located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| NDUFC2 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1, subcomplex unknown, 2, 14.5kDa| |
| HAO2 | hydroxyacid oxidase 2 (long chain)|This gene is one of three related genes that have 2-hydroxyacid oxidase activity. The encoded protein localizes to the peroxisome has the highest activity toward the substrate 2-hydroxypalmitate. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| COA5 | cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 5|This gene encodes an ortholog of yeast Pet191, which in yeast is a subunit of a large oligomeric complex associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane, and required for the assembly of the cytochrome c oxidase complex. Mutations in this gene are associated with mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, a disorder of the mitochondrial respiratory chain with heterogeneous clinical manifestations, ranging from isolated myopathy to a severe disease affecting several tissues and organs. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| COA4 | cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 4 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| COA6 | cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 6|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B family. The encoded protein associates with cytochrome c oxidase may act has an cytochrome c oxidase mitochondrial respiratory complex VI assembly factor. Mutations in this gene may be associated with fatal infantile cardiomyopathy. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| COA1 | cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| BMI1 | BMI1 proto-oncogene, polycomb ring finger| |
| COA3 | cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 3|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor family. Studies of a related gene in fly suggest that the encoded protein is localized to mitochondria and is essential for cytochrome c oxidase function. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| MRS2 | MRS2 magnesium transporter| |
| DCSTAMP | dendrocyte expressed seven transmembrane protein|This gene encodes a seven-pass transmembrane protein that is primarily expressed in dendritic cells. The encoded protein is involved in a range of immunological functions carried out by dendritic cells. This protein plays a role in osteoclastogenesis and myeloid differentiation. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| SEPSECS | Sep (O-phosphoserine) tRNA:Sec (selenocysteine) tRNA synthase|The amino acid selenocysteine is the only amino acid that does not have its own tRNA synthetase. Instead, this amino acid is synthesized on its cognate tRNA in a three step process. The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the third step in the process, the conversion of O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(Sec) to selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec).[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| PDE12 | phosphodiesterase 12| |
| NRP1 | neuropilin 1|This gene encodes one of two neuropilins, which contain specific protein domains which allow them to participate in several different types of signaling pathways that control cell migration. Neuropilins contain a large N-terminal extracellular domain, made up of complement-binding, coagulation factor V/VIII, and meprin domains. These proteins also contains a short membrane-spanning domain and a small cytoplasmic domain. Neuropilins bind many ligands and various types of co-receptors; they affect cell survival, migration, and attraction. Some of the ligands and co-receptors bound by neuropilins are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and semaphorin family members. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| NRP2 | neuropilin 2|This gene encodes a member of the neuropilin family of receptor proteins. The encoded transmembrane protein binds to SEMA3C protein {sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), short basic domain, secreted, (semaphorin) 3C} and SEMA3F protein {sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), short basic domain, secreted, (semaphorin) 3F}, and interacts with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This protein may play a role in cardiovascular development, axon guidance, and tumorigenesis. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DMXL2 | Dmx-like 2|This gene encodes a protein with 12 WD domains. Proteins with WD domains are involved in many functions including participation in signal transduction pathways. Participation of the encoded protein in regulation of the Notch signaling pathway has been demonstrated in vitro using several human cell lines (PMID:20810660). A gene encoding a similar protein is located on chromosome 5. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| ARSE | arylsulfatase E (chondrodysplasia punctata 1)|Arylsulfatase E is a member of the sulfatase family. It is glycosylated postranslationally and localized to the golgi apparatus. Sulfatases are essential for the correct composition of bone and cartilage matrix. X-linked chondrodysplasia punctata, a disease characterized by abnormalities in cartilage and bone development, has been linked to mutations in this gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene related to this gene is located on the Y chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| CA9 | carbonic anhydrase IX|Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. They show extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. CA IX is a transmembrane protein and is one of only two tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes known. It is expressed in all clear-cell renal cell carcinoma, but is not detected in normal kidney or most other normal tissues. It may be involved in cell proliferation and transformation. This gene was mapped to 17q21.2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization, however, radiation hybrid mapping localized it to 9p13-p12. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| CA8 | carbonic anhydrase VIII|The protein encoded by this gene was initially named CA-related protein because of sequence similarity to other known carbonic anhydrase genes. However, the gene product lacks carbonic anhydrase activity (i.e., the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide). The gene product continues to carry a carbonic anhydrase designation based on clear sequence identity to other members of the carbonic anhydrase gene family. The absence of CA8 gene transcription in the cerebellum of the lurcher mutant in mice with a neurologic defect suggests an important role for this acatalytic form. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARSA | arylsulfatase A|The protein encoded by this gene hydrolyzes cerebroside sulfate to cerebroside and sulfate. Defects in this gene lead to metachromatic leucodystrophy (MLD), a progressive demyelination disease which results in a variety of neurological symptoms and ultimately death. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| C12orf65 | chromosome 12 open reading frame 65|This nuclear gene encodes a mitochondrial matrix protein that appears to contribute to peptide chain termination in the mitochondrial translation machinery. Two different 1 bp deletions (resulting in the same premature stop codon)result in decreased mitochondrial translation, decreased levels of oxidative phosphorylation complexes and encepthalomyopathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| CA3 | carbonic anhydrase III|Carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) is a member of a multigene family (at least six separate genes are known) that encodes carbonic anhydrase isozymes. These carbonic anhydrases are a class of metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide and are differentially expressed in a number of cell types. The expression of the CA3 gene is strictly tissue specific and present at high levels in skeletal muscle and much lower levels in cardiac and smooth muscle. A proportion of carriers of Duchenne muscle dystrophy have a higher CA3 level than normal. The gene spans 10.3 kb and contains seven exons and six introns. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| ZNF474 | zinc finger protein 474| |
| CA1 | carbonic anhydrase I|Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva and gastric acid. They show extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. This CA1 gene is closely linked to the CA2 and CA3 genes on chromosome 8. It encodes a cytosolic protein that is found at the highest level in erythrocytes. Allelic variants of this gene have been described in some populations. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| HEXB | hexosaminidase B (beta polypeptide)|Hexosaminidase B is the beta subunit of the lysosomal enzyme beta-hexosaminidase that, together with the cofactor GM2 activator protein, catalyzes the degradation of the ganglioside GM2, and other molecules containing terminal N-acetyl hexosamines. Beta-hexosaminidase is composed of two subunits, alpha and beta, which are encoded by separate genes. Both beta-hexosaminidase alpha and beta subunits are members of family 20 of glycosyl hydrolases. Mutations in the alpha or beta subunit genes lead to an accumulation of GM2 ganglioside in neurons and neurodegenerative disorders termed the GM2 gangliosidoses. Beta subunit gene mutations lead to Sandhoff disease (GM2-gangliosidosis type II). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| ARMCX3 | armadillo repeat containing, X-linked 3|This gene encodes a member of the ALEX family of proteins which may play a role in tumor suppression. The encoded protein contains a potential N-terminal transmembrane domain and a single Armadillo (arm) repeat. Other proteins containing the arm repeat are involved in development, maintenance of tissue integrity, and tumorigenesis. This gene is closely localized with other family members on the X chromosome. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARMCX2 | armadillo repeat containing, X-linked 2|This gene encodes a protein containing a potential N-terminal transmembrane domain and multiple armadillo (arm) repeats. Proteins containing arm repeats are involved in development, maintenance of tissue integrity, and tumorigenesis. This gene is located in a cluster of related genes on chromosome X. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 7. Alternative splicing in the 5' UTR results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| ARMCX1 | armadillo repeat containing, X-linked 1|This gene encodes a member of the ALEX family of proteins and may play a role in tumor suppression. The encoded protein contains a potential N-terminal transmembrane domain and two Armadillo (arm) repeats. Other proteins containing the arm repeat are involved in development, maintenance of tissue integrity, and tumorigenesis. This gene is closely localized with other family members, including ALEX2 and ALEX3, on the X chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CA4 | carbonic anhydrase IV|Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. They show extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. This gene encodes a glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol-anchored membrane isozyme expressed on the luminal surfaces of pulmonary (and certain other) capillaries and proximal renal tubules. Its exact function is not known; however, it may have a role in inherited renal abnormalities of bicarbonate transport. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FUT7 | fucosyltransferase 7 (alpha (1,3) fucosyltransferase)|The protein encoded by this gene is a Golgi stack membrane protein that is involved in the creation of sialyl-Lewis X antigens. The encoded protein can direct the synthesis of the E-selectin-binding sialyl-Lewis X moiety. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPHKAP | SPHK1 interactor, AKAP domain containing| |
| PNMT | phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase|The product of this gene catalyzes the last step of the catecholamine biosynthesis pathway, which methylates norepinephrine to form epinephrine (adrenaline). The enzyme also has beta-carboline 2N-methyltransferase activity. This gene is thought to play a key step in regulating epinephrine production. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| FUT1 | fucosyltransferase 1 (galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase, H blood group)|The protein encoded by this gene is a Golgi stack membrane protein that is involved in the creation of a precursor of the H antigen, which is required for the final step in the soluble A and B antigen synthesis pathway. This gene is one of two encoding the galactoside 2-L-fucosyltransferase enzyme. Mutations in this gene are a cause of the H-Bombay blood group. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAGEA9B | melanoma antigen family A9B|MAGEA9B is a duplication of the MAGEA9 gene (MIM 300342) on chromosome Xq28. The 2 copies are separated by about 194 kb (Hartz, 2009).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2009] |
| CGGBP1 | CGG triplet repeat binding protein 1|CGGBP1 influences expression of the FMR1 gene (MIM 309550), which is associated with the fragile X mental retardation syndrome (MIM 300624), by specifically interacting with the 5-prime (CGG)n-3-prime repeat in its 5-prime UTR.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| FUT9 | fucosyltransferase 9 (alpha (1,3) fucosyltransferase)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the glycosyltransferase family. It is localized to the golgi, and catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of Lewis X (LeX) antigen, the addition of a fucose to precursor polysaccharides. This protein is one of the few fucosyltransferases that synthesizes the LeX oligosaccharide (CD15) expressed in the organ buds progressing in mesenchyma during embryogenesis. It is also responsible for the expression of CD15 in mature granulocytes. A common haplotype of this gene has also been associated with susceptibility to placental malaria infection. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| FUT8 | fucosyltransferase 8 (alpha (1,6) fucosyltransferase)|This gene encodes an enzyme belonging to the family of fucosyltransferases. The product of this gene catalyzes the transfer of fucose from GDP-fucose to N-linked type complex glycopeptides. This enzyme is distinct from other fucosyltransferases which catalyze alpha1-2, alpha1-3, and alpha1-4 fucose addition. The expression of this gene may contribute to the malignancy of cancer cells and to their invasive and metastatic capabilities. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| GHR | growth hormone receptor|This gene encodes a member of the type I cytokine receptor family, which is a transmembrane receptor for growth hormone. Binding of growth hormone to the receptor leads to receptor dimerization and the activation of an intra- and intercellular signal transduction pathway leading to growth. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Laron syndrome, also known as the growth hormone insensitivity syndrome (GHIS), a disorder characterized by short stature. In humans and rabbits, but not rodents, growth hormone binding protein (GHBP) is generated by proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular ligand-binding domain from the mature growth hormone receptor protein. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| GSTA4 | glutathione S-transferase alpha 4|Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. These enzymes are involved in cellular defense against toxic, carcinogenic, and pharmacologically active electrophilic compounds. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-tranferase belonging to the alpha class. The alpha class genes, which are located in a cluster on chromosome 6, are highly related and encode enzymes with glutathione peroxidase activity that function in the detoxification of lipid peroxidation products. Reactive electrophiles produced by oxidative metabolism have been linked to a number of degenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cataract formation, and atherosclerosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HM13 | histocompatibility (minor) 13|The protein encoded by this gene, which localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum, catalyzes intramembrane proteolysis of some signal peptides after they have been cleaved from a preprotein. This activity is required to generate signal sequence-derived human lymphocyte antigen-E epitopes that are recognized by the immune system, and to process hepatitis C virus core protein. The encoded protein is an integral membrane protein with sequence motifs characteristic of the presenilin-type aspartic proteases. Multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GSTA1 | glutathione S-transferase alpha 1|Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. These enzymes function in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with glutathione. The genes encoding these enzymes are known to be highly polymorphic. These genetic variations can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of some drugs. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-tranferase belonging to the alpha class. The alpha class genes, located in a cluster mapped to chromosome 6, are the most abundantly expressed glutathione S-transferases in liver. In addition to metabolizing bilirubin and certain anti-cancer drugs in the liver, the alpha class of these enzymes exhibit glutathione peroxidase activity thereby protecting the cells from reactive oxygen species and the products of peroxidation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GSTA2 | glutathione S-transferase alpha 2|Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. These enzymes function in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with glutathione. The genes encoding these enzymes are known to be highly polymorphic. These genetic variations can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of some drugs. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-tranferase belonging to the alpha class. The alpha class genes, located in a cluster mapped to chromosome 6, are the most abundantly expressed glutathione S-transferases in liver. In addition to metabolizing bilirubin and certain anti-cancer drugs in the liver, the alpha class of these enzymes exhibit glutathione peroxidase activity thereby protecting the cells from reactive oxygen species and the products of peroxidation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GSTA3 | glutathione S-transferase alpha 3|Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. These enzymes are involved in cellular defense against toxic, carcinogenic, and pharmacologically active electrophilic compounds. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-tranferase belonging to the alpha class genes that are located in a cluster mapped to chromosome 6. Genes of the alpha class are highly related and encode enzymes with glutathione peroxidase activity. However, during evolution, this alpha class gene diverged accumulating mutations in the active site that resulted in differences in substrate specificity and catalytic activity. The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes the double bond isomerization of precursors for progesterone and testosterone during the biosynthesis of steroid hormones. An additional transcript variant has been identified, but its full length sequence has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VTCN1 | V-set domain containing T cell activation inhibitor 1|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the B7 costimulatory protein family. Proteins in this family are present on the surface of antigen-presenting cells and interact with ligand bound to receptors on the surface of T cells. Studies have shown that high levels of the encoded protein has been correlated with tumor progression. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 20. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| APCDD1 | adenomatosis polyposis coli down-regulated 1|This locus encodes an inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway. Mutations at this locus have been associated with hereditary hypotrichosis simplex. Increased expression of this gene may also be associated with colorectal carcinogenesis.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| NLGN2 | neuroligin 2|This gene encodes a member of a family of neuronal cell surface proteins. Members of this family may act as splice site-specific ligands for beta-neurexins and may be involved in the formation and remodeling of central nervous system synapses. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MIP | major intrinsic protein of lens fiber|Major intrinsic protein is a member of the water-transporting aquaporins as well as the original member of the MIP family of channel proteins. The function of the fiber cell membrane protein encoded by this gene is undetermined, yet this protein is speculated to play a role in intracellular communication. The MIP protein is expressed in the ocular lens and is required for correct lens function. This gene has been mapped among aquaporins AQP2, AQP5, and AQP6, in a potential gene cluster at 12q13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FBLN1 | fibulin 1|Fibulin 1 is a secreted glycoprotein that becomes incorporated into a fibrillar extracellular matrix. Calcium-binding is apparently required to mediate its binding to laminin and nidogen. It mediates platelet adhesion via binding fibrinogen. Four splice variants which differ in the 3' end have been identified. Each variant encodes a different isoform, but no functional distinctions have been identified among the four variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AKIP1 | A kinase (PRKA) interacting protein 1|This gene encodes a nuclear protein that interacts with protein kinase A catalytic subunit, and regulates the effect of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase signaling pathway on the NF-kappa-B activation cascade. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| FBLN5 | fibulin 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted, extracellular matrix protein containing an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif and calcium-binding EGF-like domains. It promotes adhesion of endothelial cells through interaction of integrins and the RGD motif. It is prominently expressed in developing arteries but less so in adult vessels. However, its expression is reinduced in balloon-injured vessels and atherosclerotic lesions, notably in intimal vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Therefore, the protein encoded by this gene may play a role in vascular development and remodeling. Defects in this gene are a cause of autosomal dominant cutis laxa, autosomal recessive cutis laxa type I (CL type I), and age-related macular degeneration type 3 (ARMD3). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IFFO2 | intermediate filament family orphan 2| |
| DDX39B | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 39B|This gene encodes a member of the DEAD box family of RNA-dependent ATPases that mediate ATP hydrolysis during pre-mRNA splicing. The encoded protein is an essential splicing factor required for association of U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein with pre-mRNA, and it also plays an important role in mRNA export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. This gene belongs to a cluster of genes localized in the vicinity of the genes encoding tumor necrosis factor alpha and tumor necrosis factor beta. These genes are all within the human major histocompatibility complex class III region. Mutations in this gene may be associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on both chromosomes 6 and 11. Read-through transcription also occurs between this gene and the upstream ATP6V1G2 (ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 13kDa, V1 subunit G2) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| VPS9D1 | VPS9 domain containing 1| |
| DDX39A | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 39A|This gene encodes a member of the DEAD box protein family. These proteins are characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD) and are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure, such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of the DEAD box protein family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene is thought to play a role in the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors. A pseudogene of this gene is present on chromosome 13. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Additional alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but their full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| DYNLT1 | dynein, light chain, Tctex-type 1|This gene encodes a component of the motor complex, cytoplasmic dynein, which transports cellular cargo along microtubules in the cell. The encoded protein regulates the length of primary cilia which are sensory organelles found on the surface of cells. The protein encoded by this gene interacts with viral proteins, like the minor capsid protein L2 of human papillomavirus, and is required for dynein-mediated delivery of the viral nucleic acid to the host nucleus. This protein interacts with oncogenic nucleoporins to disrupt gene regulation and cause leukemic transformation. Pseudogenes of this gene are present on chromosomes 4 and 17. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| DYNLT3 | dynein, light chain, Tctex-type 3|This gene encodes a member of a subclass of dynein light chains. The encoded protein homodimerizes and forms the light chain component of the cytoplasmic dynein motor protein complex. This protein may be important for binding dynein to specific cargos including the spindle checkpoint protein BUB3. This protein may also function independently of dynein as a transcriptional modulator. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 2 and 20.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| STRAP | serine/threonine kinase receptor associated protein| |
| C1orf85 | glycosylated lysosomal membrane protein| |
| C1orf86 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 86| |
| C1orf87 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 87| |
| RNF208 | ring finger protein 208| |
| PLXND1 | plexin D1| |
| UBL4A | ubiquitin-like 4A| |
| MDH1 | malate dehydrogenase 1, NAD (soluble)|Malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate, utilizing the NAD/NADH cofactor system in the citric acid cycle. The protein encoded by this gene is localized to the cytoplasm and may play pivotal roles in the malate-aspartate shuttle that operates in the metabolic coordination between cytosol and mitochondria. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| PSMA6 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, alpha type, 6|The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered ring-shaped 20S core structure. The core structure is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes a member of the peptidase T1A family, that is a 20S core alpha subunit. Multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene. A pseudogene has been identified on the Y chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| STRA6 | stimulated by retinoic acid 6|The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane protein involved in the metabolism of retinol. The encoded protein acts as a receptor for retinol/retinol binding protein complexes. This protein removes the retinol from the complex and transports it across the cell membrane. Defects in this gene are a cause of syndromic microphthalmia type 9 (MCOPS9). Several transcript variants encoding a few different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| SCD5 | stearoyl-CoA desaturase 5|Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD; EC 1.14.99.5) is an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum that catalyzes the formation of monounsaturated fatty acids from saturated fatty acids. SCD may be a key regulator of energy metabolism with a role in obesity and dislipidemia. Four SCD isoforms, Scd1 through Scd4, have been identified in mouse. In contrast, only 2 SCD isoforms, SCD1 (MIM 604031) and SCD5, have been identified in human. SCD1 shares about 85% amino acid identity with all 4 mouse SCD isoforms, as well as with rat Scd1 and Scd2. In contrast, SCD5 shares limited homology with the rodent SCDs and appears to be unique to primates (Wang et al., 2005 [PubMed 15907797]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PEX11A | peroxisomal biogenesis factor 11 alpha|This gene is a member of the PEX11 family, which is composed of membrane elongation factors involved in regulation of peroxisome maintenance and proliferation. This gene product interacts with peroxisomal membrane protein 19 and may respond to outside stimuli to increase peroxisome abundance. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| SIGLEC14 | sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 14| |
| PEX11B | peroxisomal biogenesis factor 11 beta|The protein encoded by this gene facilitates peroxisomal proliferation and interacts with PEX19. The encoded protein is found in the peroxisomal membrane. Several transcript variants, some protein-coding and some not protein-coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| SIGLEC12 | sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 12 (gene/pseudogene)|Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (SIGLECs) are a family of cell surface proteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. They mediate protein-carbohydrate interactions by selectively binding to different sialic acid moieties present on glycolipids and glycoproteins. This gene encodes a member of the SIGLEC3-like subfamily of SIGLECs. Members of this subfamily are characterized by an extracellular V-set immunoglobulin-like domain followed by two C2-set immunoglobulin-like domains, and the cytoplasmic tyrosine-based motifs ITIM and SLAM-like. The encoded protein, upon tyrosine phosphorylation, has been shown to recruit the Src homology 2 domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatases SHP1 and SHP2. It has been suggested that the protein is involved in the negative regulation of macrophage signaling by functioning as an inhibitory receptor. This gene is located in a cluster with other SIGLEC3-like genes on 19q13.4. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| SIGLEC10 | sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 10|SIGLECs are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily that are expressed on the cell surface. Most SIGLECs have 1 or more cytoplasmic immune receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs, or ITIMs. SIGLECs are typically expressed on cells of the innate immune system, with the exception of the B-cell expressed SIGLEC6 (MIM 604405).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002] |
| SIGLEC11 | sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 11|This gene encodes a member of the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family. These cell surface lectins are characterized by structural motifs in the immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains and sialic acid recognition sites in the first Ig V set domain. This family member mediates anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive signaling. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| GTF2F1 | general transcription factor IIF, polypeptide 1, 74kDa| |
| KIFC2 | kinesin family member C2| |
| KIFC3 | kinesin family member C3|KIFC3 belongs to the large superfamily of kinesins, molecular motors that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to translocate cargoes along microtubules. Members share extensive homology within a globular domain containing the microtubule- and ATP-binding sites and have a coiled-coil stalk domain that mediates oligomerization. Different kinesin family members participate in specific and diverse motile processes, such as cell division, organelle transport, and nuclear movement (Hoang et al., 1998 [PubMed 9782090]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2009] |
| PAFAH1B3 | platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase 1b, catalytic subunit 3 (29kDa)|This gene encodes an acetylhydrolase that catalyzes the removal of an acetyl group from the glycerol backbone of platelet-activating factor. The encoded enzyme is a subunit of the platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase isoform 1B complex, which consists of the catalytic beta and gamma subunits and the regulatory alpha subunit. This complex functions in brain development. A translocation between this gene on chromosome 19 and the CDC-like kinase 2 gene on chromosome 1 has been observed, and was associated with mental retardation, ataxia, and atrophy of the brain. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| PAFAH1B2 | platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase 1b, catalytic subunit 2 (30kDa)|Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAFAH) inactivates platelet-activating factor (PAF) into acetate and LYSO-PAF. This gene encodes the beta subunit of PAFAH, the other subunits are alpha and gamma. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| GH1 | growth hormone 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family of hormones which play an important role in growth control. The gene, along with four other related genes, is located at the growth hormone locus on chromosome 17 where they are interspersed in the same transcriptional orientation; an arrangement which is thought to have evolved by a series of gene duplications. The five genes share a remarkably high degree of sequence identity. Alternative splicing generates additional isoforms of each of the five growth hormones, leading to further diversity and potential for specialization. This particular family member is expressed in the pituitary but not in placental tissue as is the case for the other four genes in the growth hormone locus. Mutations in or deletions of the gene lead to growth hormone deficiency and short stature. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GH2 | growth hormone 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family of hormones which play an important role in growth control. The gene, along with four other related genes, is located at the growth hormone locus on chromosome 17 where they are interspersed in the same transcriptional orientation; an arrangement which is thought to have evolved by a series of gene duplications. The five genes share a remarkably high degree of sequence identity. Alternative splicing generates additional isoforms of each of the five growth hormones, leading to further diversity and potential for specialization. As in the case of its pituitary counterpart, growth hormone 1, the predominant isoform of this particular family member shows similar somatogenic activity, with reduced lactogenic activity. Mutations in this gene lead to placental growth hormone/lactogen deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GTF2F2 | general transcription factor IIF, polypeptide 2, 30kDa| |
| SFN | stratifin| |
| EID2 | EP300 interacting inhibitor of differentiation 2| |
| EID3 | EP300 interacting inhibitor of differentiation 3| |
| EID1 | EP300 interacting inhibitor of differentiation 1| |
| HCRTR1 | hypocretin (orexin) receptor 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a G-protein coupled receptor involved in the regulation of feeding behavior. The encoded protein selectively binds the hypothalamic neuropeptide orexin A. A related gene (HCRTR2) encodes a G-protein coupled receptor that binds orexin A and orexin B. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| ACTB | actin, beta|This gene encodes one of six different actin proteins. Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure, and integrity. This actin is a major constituent of the contractile apparatus and one of the two nonmuscle cytoskeletal actins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HCRTR2 | hypocretin (orexin) receptor 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a G-protein coupled receptor involved in the regulation of feeding behavior. The encoded protein binds the hypothalamic neuropeptides orexin A and orexin B. A related gene (HCRTR1) encodes a G-protein coupled receptor that selectively binds orexin A. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| STARD10 | StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain containing 10| |
| TOMM5 | translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 5 homolog (yeast)| |
| DMRT2 | doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the DMRT gene family, sharing a DM DNA-binding domain with Drosophila 'doublesex' (dsx) and C. elegans mab3, genes involved in sex determination in these organisms. Also, this gene is located in a region of the human genome (chromosome 9p24.3) associated with gonadal dysgenesis and XY sex reversal. Hence this gene is one of the candidates for sex-determining gene(s) on chr 9. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| STARD13 | StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain containing 13|This gene encodes a protein which contains an N-terminal sterile alpha motif (SAM) for protein-protein interactions, followed by an ATP/GTP-binding motif, a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) domain, and a C-terminal STAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain. It may be involved in regulation of cytoskeletal reorganization, cell proliferation, and cell motility, and acts as a tumor suppressor in hepatoma cells. The gene is located in a region of chromosome 13 that is associated with loss of heterozygosity in hepatocellular carcinomas. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| PROS1 | protein S (alpha)|This gene encodes a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein that functions as a cofactor for the anticoagulant protease, activated protein C (APC) to inhibit blood coagulation. It is found in plasma in both a free, functionally active form and also in an inactive form complexed with C4b-binding protein. Mutations in this gene result in autosomal dominant hereditary thrombophilia. An inactive pseudogene of this locus is located at an adjacent region on chromosome 3. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| AKAP9 | A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 9|The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. This gene encodes a member of the AKAP family. Alternate splicing of this gene results in at least two isoforms that localize to the centrosome and the Golgi apparatus, and interact with numerous signaling proteins from multiple signal transduction pathways. These signaling proteins include type II protein kinase A, serine/threonine kinase protein kinase N, protein phosphatase 1, protein phosphatase 2a, protein kinase C-epsilon and phosphodiesterase 4D3. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| ZBED6CL | ZBED6 C-terminal like| |
| PEX14 | peroxisomal biogenesis factor 14|This gene encodes an essential component of the peroxisomal import machinery. The protein is integrated into peroxisome membranes with its C-terminus exposed to the cytosol, and interacts with the cytosolic receptor for proteins containing a PTS1 peroxisomal targeting signal. The protein also functions as a transcriptional corepressor and interacts with a histone deacetylase. A mutation in this gene results in one form of Zellweger syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HSPB2 | heat shock 27kDa protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the superfamily of small heat-shock proteins containing a conservative alpha-crystallin domain at the C-terminal part of the molecule. The protein is expressed preferentially in the heart and skeletal muscle. This protein regulates Myotonic Dystrophy Protein Kinase, which plays an important role in maintenance of muscle structure and function. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| CRADD | CASP2 and RIPK1 domain containing adaptor with death domain|The protein encoded by this gene is a death domain (CARD/DD)-containing protein and has been shown to induce cell apoptosis. Through its CARD domain, this protein interacts with, and thus recruits, caspase 2/ICH1 to the cell death signal transduction complex that includes tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1A), RIPK1/RIP kinase, and numbers of other CARD domain-containing proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NCKAP5L | NCK-associated protein 5-like| |
| CCDC77 | coiled-coil domain containing 77| |
| MT1X | metallothionein 1X| |
| PLA2G12B | phospholipase A2, group XIIB|Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes catalyze hydrolysis of glycolipids to release free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. PLA2G12B belongs to the PLA2 family, but it is catalytically inactive due to an amino acid change in its active site and has altered phospholipid-binding properties (Rouault et al., 2003 [PubMed 14516201]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ADAR | adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific|This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for RNA editing by site-specific deamination of adenosines. This enzyme destabilizes double-stranded RNA through conversion of adenosine to inosine. Mutations in this gene have been associated with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| HSBP1L1 | heat shock factor binding protein 1-like 1| |
| MT1M | metallothionein 1M|This gene encodes a member of the metallothionein superfamily, type 1 family. Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals. These genes are transcriptionally regulated by both heavy metals and glucocorticoids. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| HSFY2 | heat shock transcription factor, Y linked 2|This gene encodes a member of the heat shock factor (HSF) family of transcriptional activators for heat shock proteins. This gene is a candidate gene for azoospermia, since it localizes to a region of chromosome Y that is sometimes deleted in infertile males. The genome has two identical copies of this gene within a palindromic region; this record represents the more telomeric copy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADAL | adenosine deaminase-like| |
| SF3A1 | splicing factor 3a, subunit 1, 120kDa|This gene encodes a subunit of the splicing factor 3a protein complex. The splicing factor 3a heterotrimer is a component of the mature U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP). U2 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins play a critical role in spliceosome assembly and pre-mRNA splicing. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014] |
| IQCA1 | IQ motif containing with AAA domain 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ATPases Associated with diverse cellular Activities (AAA) superfamily. Members of this superfamily, found in all organisms, participate in a large number of cellular processes and contain the ATPase module consisting of an alpha-beta-alpha core domain and the Walker A and B motifs of the P-loop NTPases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| SF3A3 | splicing factor 3a, subunit 3, 60kDa|This gene encodes subunit 3 of the splicing factor 3a protein complex. The splicing factor 3a heterotrimer includes subunits 1, 2 and 3 and is necessary for the in vitro conversion of 15S U2 snRNP into an active 17S particle that performs pre-mRNA splicing. Subunit 3 interacts with subunit 1 through its amino-terminus while the zinc finger domain of subunit 3 plays a role in its binding to the 15S U2 snRNP. This gene has a pseudogene on chromosome 20. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MT1E | metallothionein 1E| |
| MT1F | metallothionein 1F| |
| MT1G | metallothionein 1G| |
| MT1A | metallothionein 1A| |
| ZNF185 | zinc finger protein 185 (LIM domain)|Zinc-finger proteins bind nucleic acids and play important roles in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. This gene encodes a LIM-domain zinc finger protein. The LIM domain is composed of two contiguous zinc finger domains, separated by a two-amino acid residue hydrophobic linker. The LIM domain mediates protein:protein interactions. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| ZNF184 | zinc finger protein 184| |
| SUV39H2 | suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 2 (Drosophila)| |
| ZNF181 | zinc finger protein 181|Zinc finger proteins have been shown to interact with nucleic acids and to have diverse functions. The zinc finger domain is a conserved amino acid sequence motif containing 2 specifically positioned cysteines and 2 histidines that are involved in coordinating zinc. Kruppel-related proteins form 1 family of zinc finger proteins. See MIM 604749 for additional information on zinc finger proteins.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2003] |
| ZNF180 | zinc finger protein 180|Zinc finger proteins have been shown to interact with nucleic acids and to have diverse functions. The zinc finger domain is a conserved amino acid sequence motif containing 2 specifically positioned cysteines and 2 histidines that are involved in coordinating zinc. Kruppel-related proteins form 1 family of zinc finger proteins. See MIM 604749 for additional information on zinc finger proteins.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002] |
| ZNF182 | zinc finger protein 182|Zinc-finger proteins bind nucleic acids and play important roles in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. This gene encodes a zinc finger protein, and belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. It may be involved in transcriptional regulation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| ZNF189 | zinc finger protein 189|Kruppel-like zinc finger proteins such as ZNF189 contain a conserved stretch of 7 amino acids that connects a variable number of DNA-binding zinc finger repeats of the cys(2)his(2) (C2H2) type (summarized by Odeberg et al., 1998 [PubMed 9653648]). Approximately 30% of human Kruppel-like zinc finger proteins contain an N-terminal Kruppel-associated box (KRAB) domain. The KRAB domain consists of approximately 75 amino acids that may be subdivided into an A box, which is present in every KRAB domain and is essential for transcriptional repression, and a B box, which is not always present.[supplied by OMIM, May 2010] |
| ALYREF | Aly/REF export factor|The protein encoded by this gene is a heat stable, nuclear protein and functions as a molecular chaperone. It is thought to regulate dimerization, DNA binding, and transcriptional activity of basic region-leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TIFA | TRAF-interacting protein with forkhead-associated domain| |
| ZNF25 | zinc finger protein 25| |
| ZNF24 | zinc finger protein 24| |
| INTS10 | integrator complex subunit 10|INTS10 is a subunit of the Integrator complex, which associates with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II large subunit (POLR2A; MIM 180660) and mediates 3-prime end processing of small nuclear RNAs U1 (RNU1; MIM 180680) and U2 (RNU2; MIM 180690) (Baillat et al., 2005 [PubMed 16239144]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ZNF20 | zinc finger protein 20| |
| ZNF23 | zinc finger protein 23| |
| ZNF22 | zinc finger protein 22| |
| BLVRB | biliverdin reductase B|The final step in heme metabolism in mammals is catalyzed by the cytosolic biliverdin reductase enzymes A and B (EC 1.3.1.24).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2009] |
| BLVRA | biliverdin reductase A|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the biliverdin reductase family, members of which catalyze the conversion of biliverdin to bilirubin in the presence of NADPH or NADH. Mutations in this gene are associated with hyperbiliverdinemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| ZNF28 | zinc finger protein 28| |
| EPOR | erythropoietin receptor|This gene encodes the erythropoietin receptor which is a member of the cytokine receptor family. Upon erythropoietin binding, this receptor activates Jak2 tyrosine kinase which activates different intracellular pathways including: Ras/MAP kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and STAT transcription factors. The stimulated erythropoietin receptor appears to have a role in erythroid cell survival. Defects in the erythropoietin receptor may produce erythroleukemia and familial erythrocytosis. Dysregulation of this gene may affect the growth of certain tumors. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| SEMA5B | sema domain, seven thrombospondin repeats (type 1 and type 1-like), transmembrane domain (TM) and short cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 5B|This gene encodes a member of the semaphorin protein family which regulates axon growth during development of the nervous system. The encoded protein has a characteristic Sema domain near the N-terminus, through which semaphorins bind to plexin, and five thrombospondin type 1 repeats in the C-terminal region of the protein. The protein product may be cleaved and exist as a secreted molecule (PMID: 19463192). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| SEMA5A | sema domain, seven thrombospondin repeats (type 1 and type 1-like), transmembrane domain (TM) and short cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 5A|This gene belongs to the semaphorin gene family that encodes membrane proteins containing a semaphorin domain and several thrombospondin type-1 repeats. Members of this family are involved in axonal guidance during neural development. This gene has been implicated as an autism susceptibility gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| ERAS | ES cell expressed Ras|This gene encodes a constitutively active member of the small GTPase Ras protein family. The encoded protein activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signal transduction pathway in undifferentiated stem cells, but is not expressed in differentiated cells. This gene may be involved in cancer and chemotherapy resistance. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| LYNX1 | Ly6/neurotoxin 1|This gene encodes a member of the Ly-6/neurotoxin gene family, a group of lymphocyte antigens that attach to the cell surface by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor and have a unique structure showing conserved 8-10 cysteine residues with a characteristic spacing pattern. Functional analysis indicates that this protein is not a ligand or neurotransmitter but has the capacity to enhance nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function in the presence of acetylcholine. This gene may also play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris. Alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BBS10 | Bardet-Biedl syndrome 10|This gene is a member of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) gene family. Bardet-Biedl syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive retinal degeneration, obesity, polydactyly, renal malformation and mental retardation. The proteins encoded by BBS gene family members are structurally diverse and the similar phenotypes exhibited by mutations in BBS gene family members is likely due to their shared roles in cilia formation and function. Many BBS proteins localize to the basal bodies, ciliary axonemes, and pericentriolar regions of cells. BBS proteins may also be involved in intracellular trafficking via microtubule-related transport. The protein encoded by this gene is likely not a ciliary protein but rather has distant sequence homology to type II chaperonins. As a molecular chaperone, this protein may affect the folding or stability of other ciliary or basal body proteins. Inhibition of this protein's expression impairs ciliogenesis in preadipocytes. Mutations in this gene cause Bardet-Biedl syndrome type 10. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| BBS12 | Bardet-Biedl syndrome 12|The protein encoded by this gene is part of a complex that is involved in membrane trafficking. The encoded protein is a molecular chaperone that aids in protein folding upon ATP hydrolysis. This protein also plays a role in adipocyte differentiation. Defects in this gene are a cause of Bardet-Biedl syndrome type 12. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| ARHGAP18 | Rho GTPase activating protein 18|ARHGAP18 belongs to a family of Rho (see MIM 165390) GTPase-activating proteins that modulate cell signaling (Potkin et al., 2009 [PubMed 19065146]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010] |
| HS6ST2 | heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 2|Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are ubiquitous components of the cell surface, extracellular matrix, and basement membranes, and interact with various ligands to influence cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, and migration. This gene encodes a member of the heparan sulfate (HS) sulfotransferase gene family, which catalyze the transfer of sulfate to HS. Different family members and isoforms are thought to synthesize heparan sulfates with tissue-specific structures and functions. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HS6ST3 | heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 3|Heparan sulfate (HS) sulfotransferases, such as HS6ST3, modify HS to generate structures required for interactions between HS and a variety of proteins. These interactions are implicated in proliferation and differentiation, adhesion, migration, inflammation, blood coagulation, and other diverse processes (Habuchi et al., 2000 [PubMed 10644753]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| LUZP1 | leucine zipper protein 1|This gene encodes a protein that contains a leucine zipper motif. The exact function of the encoded protein is not known. In mice this gene affects neural tube closure. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| STARD5 | StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain containing 5|Cholesterol homeostasis is regulated, at least in part, by sterol regulatory element (SRE)-binding proteins (e.g., SREBP1; MIM 184756) and by liver X receptors (e.g., LXRA; MIM 602423). Upon sterol depletion, LXRs are inactive and SREBPs are cleaved, after which they bind promoter SREs and activate genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake. Sterol transport is mediated by vesicles or by soluble protein carriers, such as steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR; MIM 600617). STAR is homologous to a family of proteins containing a 200- to 210-amino acid STAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain, including STARD5 (Soccio et al., 2002 [PubMed 12011452]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PROSC | proline synthetase co-transcribed homolog (bacterial)| |
| MOAP1 | modulator of apoptosis 1|The protein encoded by this gene was identified by its interaction with apoptosis regulator BAX protein. This protein contains a Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3)-like motif, which is required for the association with BAX. When overexpressed, this gene has been shown to mediate caspase-dependent apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF239 | zinc finger protein 239|MOK2 proteins are DNA- and RNA-binding proteins that are mainly associated with nuclear RNP components, including the nucleoli and extranucleolar structures (Arranz et al., 1997 [PubMed 9121460]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SCN5A | sodium channel, voltage gated, type V alpha subunit|The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel subunit. This protein is found primarily in cardiac muscle and is responsible for the initial upstroke of the action potential in an electrocardiogram. Defects in this gene are a cause of long QT syndrome type 3 (LQT3), an autosomal dominant cardiac disease. Alternative splicing results in several transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF236 | zinc finger protein 236| |
| ZNF235 | zinc finger protein 235|This gene product belongs to the zinc finger protein superfamily, members of which are regulatory proteins characterized by nucleic acid-binding zinc finger domains. The encoded protein is a member of the Kruppel family of zinc finger proteins, and contains Kruppel-associated box (KRAB) A and B domains and 15 tandemly arrayed C2H2-type zinc fingers. It is an ortholog of the mouse Zfp93 protein. This gene is located in a cluster of zinc finger genes on 19q13.2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF234 | zinc finger protein 234| |
| ZNF233 | zinc finger protein 233| |
| SENP6 | SUMO1/sentrin specific peptidase 6|Ubiquitin-like molecules (UBLs), such as SUMO1 (UBL1; MIM 601912), are structurally related to ubiquitin (MIM 191339) and can be ligated to target proteins in a similar manner as ubiquitin. However, covalent attachment of UBLs does not result in degradation of the modified proteins. SUMO1 modification is implicated in the targeting of RANGAP1 (MIM 602362) to the nuclear pore complex, as well as in stabilization of I-kappa-B-alpha (NFKBIA; MIM 164008) from degradation by the 26S proteasome. Like ubiquitin, UBLs are synthesized as precursor proteins, with 1 or more amino acids following the C-terminal glycine-glycine residues of the mature UBL protein. Thus, the tail sequences of the UBL precursors need to be removed by UBL-specific proteases, such as SENP6, prior to their conjugation to target proteins (Kim et al., 2000 [PubMed 10799485]). SENPs also display isopeptidase activity for deconjugation of SUMO-conjugated substrates (Lima and Reverter, 2008 [PubMed 18799455]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009] |
| ZNF230 | zinc finger protein 230| |
| CNBP | CCHC-type zinc finger, nucleic acid binding protein|This gene encodes a nucleic-acid binding protein with seven zinc-finger domains. The protein has a preference for binding single stranded DNA and RNA. The protein functions in cap-independent translation of ornithine decarboxylase mRNA, and may also function in sterol-mediated transcriptional regulation. A CCTG expansion in the first intron of this gene results in myotonic dystrophy type 2. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNPEP | arginyl aminopeptidase (aminopeptidase B)| |
| RNF113B | ring finger protein 113B| |
| RNF113A | ring finger protein 113A|This intronless gene encodes a protein which contains a C3H1-type zinc finger domain and a C3HC4 Ring-type (Really Interesting New Gene-type) zinc finger domain. The Ring-type zinc finger domain is identified in various tumor suppressors, DNA repair genes and cytokine receptor-associated molecules, and is probably involved in mediating protein-protein interactions. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| INTS12 | integrator complex subunit 12|INTS12 is a subunit of the Integrator complex, which associates with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II large subunit (POLR2A; MIM 180660) and mediates 3-prime end processing of small nuclear RNAs U1 (RNU1; MIM 180680) and U2 (RNU2; MIM 180690) (Baillat et al., 2005 [PubMed 16239144]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MRE11A | MRE11 meiotic recombination 11 homolog A (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a nuclear protein involved in homologous recombination, telomere length maintenance, and DNA double-strand break repair. By itself, the protein has 3' to 5' exonuclease activity and endonuclease activity. The protein forms a complex with the RAD50 homolog; this complex is required for nonhomologous joining of DNA ends and possesses increased single-stranded DNA endonuclease and 3' to 5' exonuclease activities. In conjunction with a DNA ligase, this protein promotes the joining of noncomplementary ends in vitro using short homologies near the ends of the DNA fragments. This gene has a pseudogene on chromosome 3. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CERCAM | cerebral endothelial cell adhesion molecule| |
| FAM35A | family with sequence similarity 35, member A| |
| RANBP9 | RAN binding protein 9|This gene encodes a protein that binds RAN, a small GTP binding protein belonging to the RAS superfamily that is essential for the translocation of RNA and proteins through the nuclear pore complex. The protein encoded by this gene has also been shown to interact with several other proteins, including met proto-oncogene, homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2, androgen receptor, and cyclin-dependent kinase 11. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GABRG2 | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, gamma 2|This gene encodes a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor. GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammlian brain, where it acts at GABA-A receptors, which are ligand-gated chloride channels. GABA-A receptors are pentameric, consisting of proteins from several subunit classes: alpha, beta, gamma, delta and rho. Mutations in this gene have been associated with epilepsy and febrile seizures. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NAE1 | NEDD8 activating enzyme E1 subunit 1|The protein encoded by this gene binds to the beta-amyloid precursor protein. Beta-amyloid precursor protein is a cell surface protein with signal-transducing properties, and it is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, the encoded protein can form a heterodimer with UBE1C and bind and activate NEDD8, a ubiquitin-like protein. This protein is required for cell cycle progression through the S/M checkpoint. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RANBP6 | RAN binding protein 6| |
| RANBP1 | RAN binding protein 1|This gene encodes a protein that forms a complex with Ras-related nuclear protein (Ran) and metabolizes guanoside triphosphate (GTP). This complex participates in the regulation of the cell cycle by controlling transport of proteins and nucleic acids into the nucleus. There are multiple pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes 9, 12, 17, and X. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| RANBP3 | RAN binding protein 3|This gene encodes a protein with a RanBD1 domain that is found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. This protein plays a role in nuclear export as part of a heteromeric complex. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RANBP2 | RAN binding protein 2|RAN is a small GTP-binding protein of the RAS superfamily that is associated with the nuclear membrane and is thought to control a variety of cellular functions through its interactions with other proteins. This gene encodes a very large RAN-binding protein that immunolocalizes to the nuclear pore complex. The protein is a giant scaffold and mosaic cyclophilin-related nucleoporin implicated in the Ran-GTPase cycle. The encoded protein directly interacts with the E2 enzyme UBC9 and strongly enhances SUMO1 transfer from UBC9 to the SUMO1 target SP100. These findings place sumoylation at the cytoplasmic filaments of the nuclear pore complex and suggest that, for some substrates, modification and nuclear import are linked events. This gene is partially duplicated in a gene cluster that lies in a hot spot for recombination on chromosome 2q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TXN2 | thioredoxin 2|This nuclear gene encodes a mitochondrial member of the thioredoxin family, a group of small multifunctional redox-active proteins. The encoded protein may play important roles in the regulation of the mitochondrial membrane potential and in protection against oxidant-induced apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM9 | transmembrane protein 9| |
| AGAP2 | ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the centaurin gamma-like family. It mediates anti-apoptotic effects of nerve growth factor by activating nuclear phosphoinositide 3-kinase. It is overexpressed in cancer cells, and promotes cancer cell invasion. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| AGAP3 | ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 3| |
| AGAP4 | ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 4| |
| GXYLT1 | glucoside xylosyltransferase 1|GXYLT1 is a xylosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.-) that adds the first xylose to O-glucose-modified residues in the epidermal growth factor (EGF; MIM 131530) repeats of proteins such as NOTCH1 (MIM 190198) (Sethi et al., 2010 [PubMed 19940119]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2010] |
| STIP1 | stress-induced phosphoprotein 1|STIP1 is an adaptor protein that coordinates the functions of HSP70 (see HSPA1A; MIM 140550) and HSP90 (see HSP90AA1; MIM 140571) in protein folding. It is thought to assist in the transfer of proteins from HSP70 to HSP90 by binding both HSP90 and substrate-bound HSP70. STIP1 also stimulates the ATPase activity of HSP70 and inhibits the ATPase activity of HSP90, suggesting that it regulates both the conformations and ATPase cycles of these chaperones (Song and Masison, 2005 [PubMed 16100115]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2009] |
| TAPT1 | transmembrane anterior posterior transformation 1|This gene encodes a highly conserved, putative transmembrane protein. A mutation in the mouse ortholog of this gene results in homeotic, posterior-to-anterior transformations of the axial skeleton which are similar to the phenotype of mouse homeobox C8 gene mutants. This gene is proposed to function downstream of homeobox C8 to transduce extracellular patterning information during axial skeleton development. An alternatively spliced transcript variant encoding a substantially different isoform has been described, but its biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM2 | transmembrane protein 2| |
| TSPO | translocator protein (18kDa)|Present mainly in the mitochondrial compartment of peripheral tissues, the protein encoded by this gene interacts with some benzodiazepines and has different affinities than its endogenous counterpart. The protein is a key factor in the flow of cholesterol into mitochondria to permit the initiation of steroid hormone synthesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been reported; one of the variants lacks an internal exon and is considered non-coding, and the other variants encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| TMEM5 | transmembrane protein 5|This gene encodes a type II transmembrane protein that is thought to have glycosyltransferase function. Mutations in this gene result in cobblestone lissencephaly. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| TAF7L | TAF7-like RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 50kDa|This gene is similar to a mouse gene that encodes a TATA box binding protein-associated factor, and shows testis-specific expression. The encoded protein could be a spermatogenesis-specific component of the DNA-binding general transcription factor complex TFIID. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| ARNT | aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator|This gene encodes a protein containing a basic helix-loop-helix domain and two characteristic PAS domains along with a PAC domain. The encoded protein binds to ligand-bound aryl hydrocarbon receptor and aids in the movement of this complex to the nucleus, where it promotes the expression of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism. This protein is also a co-factor for transcriptional regulation by hypoxia-inducible factor 1. Chromosomal translocation of this locus with the ETV6 (ets variant 6) gene on chromosome 12 have been described in leukemias. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2013] |
| CCL4L1 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4-like 1|This gene is one of several cytokine genes that are clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins that function in inflammatory and immunoregulatory processes. The protein encoded by this family member is similar to the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 product, which inhibits HIV entry by binding to the cellular receptor CCR5. The copy number of this gene varies among individuals, where most individuals have one to five copies. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| CSPP1 | centrosome and spindle pole associated protein 1|This gene encodes a centrosome and spindle pole associated protein. The encoded protein plays a role in cell-cycle progression and spindle organization, regulates cytokinesis, interacts with Nephrocystin 8 and is required for cilia formation. Mutations in this gene result in primary cilia abnormalities and classical Joubert syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| LRRN4 | leucine rich repeat neuronal 4| |
| CADM3 | cell adhesion molecule 3|IGSF4B is a brain-specific protein related to the calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion molecules known as nectins (see PVRL3; MIM 607147) (Kakunaga et al., 2005 [PubMed 15741237]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| GDPD2 | glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 2|This gene encodes a member of the glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase enzyme family. The encoded protein hydrolyzes glycerophosphoinositol to produce inositol 1-phosphate and glycerol. This protein may have a role in osteoblast differentiation and growth. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| GDPD3 | glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 3| |
| BASP1 | brain abundant, membrane attached signal protein 1|This gene encodes a membrane bound protein with several transient phosphorylation sites and PEST motifs. Conservation of proteins with PEST sequences among different species supports their functional significance. PEST sequences typically occur in proteins with high turnover rates. Immunological characteristics of this protein are species specific. This protein also undergoes N-terminal myristoylation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| TRAM2 | translocation associated membrane protein 2|TRAM2 is a component of the translocon, a gated macromolecular channel that controls the posttranslational processing of nascent secretory and membrane proteins at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2004] |
| SLAMF7 | SLAM family member 7| |
| SLAMF6 | SLAM family member 6|The protein encoded by this gene is a type I transmembrane protein, belonging to the CD2 subfamily of the immunoglobulin superfamily. This encoded protein is expressed on Natural killer (NK), T, and B lymphocytes. It undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation and associates with the Src homology 2 domain-containing protein (SH2D1A) as well as with SH2 domain-containing phosphatases (SHPs). It functions as a coreceptor in the process of NK cell activation. It can also mediate inhibitory signals in NK cells from X-linked lymphoproliferative patients. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| CADM1 | cell adhesion molecule 1| |
| KCNRG | potassium channel regulator|This gene encodes a protein which regulates the activity of voltage-gated potassium channels. This gene is on chromosome 13 and overlaps the gene for tripartite motif containing 13 on the same strand. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| SLAMF1 | signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1| |
| TGFB1 | transforming growth factor, beta 1|This gene encodes a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) family of cytokines, which are multifunctional peptides that regulate proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration, and other functions in many cell types. Many cells have TGFB receptors, and the protein positively and negatively regulates many other growth factors. The secreted protein is cleaved into a latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a mature TGFB1 peptide, and is found in either a latent form composed of a TGFB1 homodimer, a LAP homodimer, and a latent TGFB1-binding protein, or in an active form composed of a TGFB1 homodimer. The mature peptide may also form heterodimers with other TGFB family members. This gene is frequently upregulated in tumor cells, and mutations in this gene result in Camurati-Engelmann disease.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| TGFB2 | transforming growth factor, beta 2|This gene encodes a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) family of cytokines, which are multifunctional peptides that regulate proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration, and other functions in many cell types by transducing their signal through combinations of transmembrane type I and type II receptors (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2) and their downstream effectors, the SMAD proteins. Disruption of the TGFB/SMAD pathway has been implicated in a variety of human cancers. The encoded protein is secreted and has suppressive effects of interleukin-2 dependent T-cell growth. Translocation t(1;7)(q41;p21) between this gene and HDAC9 is associated with Peters' anomaly, a congenital defect of the anterior chamber of the eye. The knockout mice lacking this gene show perinatal mortality and a wide range of developmental, including cardiac, defects. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| TBCEL | tubulin folding cofactor E-like| |
| FGD4 | FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing 4|This gene encodes a protein that is involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and cell shape. This protein contains an actin filament-binding domain, which together with its Dbl homology domain and one of its pleckstrin homology domains, can form microspikes. This protein can activate MAPK8 independently of the actin filament-binding domain, and it is also involved in the activation of CDC42 via the exchange of bound GDP for free GTP. The activation of CDC42 also enables this protein to play a role in mediating the cellular invasion of Cryptosporidium parvum, an intracellular parasite that infects the gastrointestinal tract. Mutations in this gene can cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4H (CMT4H), a disorder of the peripheral nervous system. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| PON1 | paraoxonase 1|The enzyme encoded by this gene is an arylesterase that mainly hydrolyzes paroxon to produce p-nitrophenol. Paroxon is an organophosphorus anticholinesterase compound that is produced in vivo by oxidation of the insecticide parathion. Polymorphisms in this gene are a risk factor in coronary artery disease. The gene is found in a cluster of three related paraoxonase genes at 7q21.3. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| C17orf97 | chromosome 17 open reading frame 97| |
| LOH12CR1 | loss of heterozygosity, 12, chromosomal region 1| |
| PUS3 | pseudouridylate synthase 3|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the formation of tRNA pseudouridine from tRNA uridine at position 39 in the anticodon stem and loop of transfer RNAs. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| FAM64A | family with sequence similarity 64, member A| |
| HOXD4 | homeobox D4|This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, located on different chromosomes, consisting of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXD genes located at 2q31-2q37 chromosome regions. Deletions that removed the entire HOXD gene cluster or 5' end of this cluster have been associated with severe limb and genital abnormalities. The protein encoded by this gene may play a role in determining positional values in developing limb buds. Alternatively spliced variants have been described but their full length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MACC1 | metastasis associated in colon cancer 1|MACC1 is a key regulator of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF; MIM 142409)-HGF receptor (HGFR, or MET; MIM 164860) pathway, which is involved in cellular growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, cell motility, invasiveness, and metastasis. Expression of MACC1 in colon cancer (MIM 114500) specimens is an independent prognostic indicator for metastasis formation and metastasis-free survival (Stein et al., 2009 [PubMed 19098908]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2009] |
| UIMC1 | ubiquitin interaction motif containing 1| |
| FKRP | fukutin related protein|This gene encodes a protein which is targeted to the medial Golgi apparatus and is necessary for posttranslational modification of dystroglycan. Mutations in this gene have been associated with congenital muscular dystrophy, mental retardation, and cerebellar cysts. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| LPHN3 | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L3|This gene encodes a member of the latrophilin subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). Latrophilins may function in both cell adhesion and signal transduction. In experiments with non-human species, endogenous proteolytic cleavage within a cysteine-rich GPS (G-protein-coupled-receptor proteolysis site) domain resulted in two subunits (a large extracellular N-terminal cell adhesion subunit and a subunit with substantial similarity to the secretin/calcitonin family of GPCRs) being non-covalently bound at the cell membrane. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LPHN2 | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L2|This gene encodes a member of the latrophilin subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors. The encoded protein participates in the regulation of exocytosis. The proprotein is thought to be further cleaved within a cysteine-rich G-protein-coupled receptor proteolysis site into two chains that are non-covalently bound at the cell membrane. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| LPHN1 | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L1|This gene encodes a member of the latrophilin subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). Latrophilins may function in both cell adhesion and signal transduction. In experiments with non-human species, endogenous proteolytic cleavage within a cysteine-rich GPS (G-protein-coupled-receptor proteolysis site) domain resulted in two subunits (a large extracellular N-terminal cell adhesion subunit and a subunit with substantial similarity to the secretin/calcitonin family of GPCRs) being non-covalently bound at the cell membrane. Latrophilin-1 has been shown to recruit the neurotoxin from black widow spider venom, alpha-latrotoxin, to the synapse plasma membrane. Alternative splicing results in multiple variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| NOP58 | NOP58 ribonucleoprotein| |
| C6orf106 | chromosome 6 open reading frame 106| |
| PUS7 | pseudouridylate synthase 7 (putative)| |
| ETS2 | v-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 2|This gene encodes a transcription factor which regulates genes involved in development and apoptosis. The encoded protein is also a protooncogene and shown to be involved in regulation of telomerase. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the X chromosome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| YWHAH | tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, eta|This gene product belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins which mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals, and this protein is 99% identical to the mouse, rat and bovine orthologs. This gene contains a 7 bp repeat sequence in its 5' UTR, and changes in the number of this repeat have been associated with early-onset schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| ETS1 | v-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1|This gene encodes a member of the ETS family of transcription factors, which are defined by the presence of a conserved ETS DNA-binding domain that recognizes the core consensus DNA sequence GGAA/T in target genes. These proteins function either as transcriptional activators or repressors of numerous genes, and are involved in stem cell development, cell senescence and death, and tumorigenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| PEG10 | paternally expressed 10|This is a paternally expressed imprinted gene that is thought to have been derived from the Ty3/Gypsy family of retrotransposons. It contains two overlapping open reading frames, RF1 and RF2, and expresses two proteins: a shorter, gag-like protein (with a CCHC-type zinc finger domain) from RF1; and a longer, gag/pol-like fusion protein (with an additional aspartic protease motif) from RF1/RF2 by -1 translational frameshifting (-1 FS). While -1 FS has been observed in RNA viruses and transposons in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, this gene represents the first example of -1 FS in a eukaryotic cellular gene. This gene is highly conserved across mammalian species and retains the heptanucleotide (GGGAAAC) and pseudoknot elements required for -1 FS. It is expressed in adult and embryonic tissues (most notably in placenta) and reported to have a role in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Overexpression of this gene has been associated with several malignancies, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and B-cell lymphocytic leukemia. Knockout mice lacking this gene showed early embryonic lethality with placental defects, indicating the importance of this gene in embryonic development. Additional isoforms resulting from alternatively spliced transcript variants, and use of upstream non-AUG (CUG) start codon have been reported for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| YWHAB | tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, beta|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the 14-3-3 family of proteins, members of which mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals. The encoded protein has been shown to interact with RAF1 and CDC25 phosphatases, suggesting that it may play a role in linking mitogenic signaling and the cell cycle machinery. Two transcript variants, which encode the same protein, have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FCRL3 | Fc receptor-like 3|This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin receptor superfamily and is one of several Fc receptor-like glycoproteins clustered on the long arm of chromosome 1. The encoded protein contains immunoreceptor-tyrosine activation motifs and immunoreceptor-tyrosine inhibitory motifs in its cytoplasmic domain and may play a role in regulation of the immune system. Mutations in this gene have been associated with rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune thyroid disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FCRL4 | Fc receptor-like 4|This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin receptor superfamily and is one of several Fc receptor-like glycoproteins clustered on the long arm of chromosome 1. The encoded protein has four extracellular C2-type immunoglobulin domains, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain that contains three immune-receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs. This protein may play a role in the function of memory B-cells in the epithelia. Aberrations in the chromosomal region encoding this gene are associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| AQP11 | aquaporin 11| |
| YWHAE | tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, epsilon|This gene product belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins which mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals, and this protein is 100% identical to the mouse ortholog. It interacts with CDC25 phosphatases, RAF1 and IRS1 proteins, suggesting its role in diverse biochemical activities related to signal transduction, such as cell division and regulation of insulin sensitivity. It has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of small cell lung cancer. Two transcript variants, one protein-coding and the other non-protein-coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| SSNA1 | Sjogren syndrome nuclear autoantigen 1| |
| FCRLB | Fc receptor-like B|FCRL2 belongs to the Fc receptor family. Fc receptors are involved in phagocytosis, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, immediate hypersensitivity, and transcytosis of immunoglobulins via their ability to bind immunoglobulin (Ig) constant regions (Chikaev et al., 2005 [PubMed 15676285]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CHRM4 | cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 4|The muscarinic cholinergic receptors belong to a larger family of G protein-coupled receptors. The functional diversity of these receptors is defined by the binding of acetylcholine and includes cellular responses such as adenylate cyclase inhibition, phosphoinositide degeneration, and potassium channel mediation. Muscarinic receptors influence many effects of acetylcholine in the central and peripheral nervous system. The clinical implications of this receptor are unknown; however, mouse studies link its function to adenylyl cyclase inhibition. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CHRM3 | cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 3|The muscarinic cholinergic receptors belong to a larger family of G protein-coupled receptors. The functional diversity of these receptors is defined by the binding of acetylcholine and includes cellular responses such as adenylate cyclase inhibition, phosphoinositide degeneration, and potassium channel mediation. Muscarinic receptors influence many effects of acetylcholine in the central and peripheral nervous system. The muscarinic cholinergic receptor 3 controls smooth muscle contraction and its stimulation causes secretion of glandular tissue. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GLRB | glycine receptor, beta|This gene encodes the beta subunit of the glycine receptor, which is a pentamer composed of alpha and beta subunits. The receptor functions as a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel, which produces hyperpolarization via increased chloride conductance due to the binding of glycine to the receptor. Mutations in this gene cause startle disease, also known as hereditary hyperekplexia or congenital stiff-person syndrome, a disease characterized by muscular rigidity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| CHRM1 | cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1|The muscarinic cholinergic receptors belong to a larger family of G protein-coupled receptors. The functional diversity of these receptors is defined by the binding of acetylcholine and includes cellular responses such as adenylate cyclase inhibition, phosphoinositide degeneration, and potassium channel mediation. Muscarinic receptors influence many effects of acetylcholine in the central and peripheral nervous system. The muscarinic cholinergic receptor 1 is involved in mediation of vagally-induced bronchoconstriction and in the acid secretion of the gastrointestinal tract. The gene encoding this receptor is localized to 11q13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MGAT1 | mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase|There are believed to be over 100 different glycosyltransferases involved in the synthesis of protein-bound and lipid-bound oligosaccharides. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:alpha-3-D-mannoside beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I is a medial-Golgi enzyme essential for the synthesis of hybrid and complex N-glycans. The protein, encoded by a single exon, shows typical features of a type II transmembrane protein. The protein is believed to be essential for normal embryogenesis. Several variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MGAT2 | mannosyl (alpha-1,6-)-glycoprotein beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase|The product of this gene is a Golgi enzyme catalyzing an essential step in the conversion of oligomannose to complex N-glycans. The enzyme has the typical glycosyltransferase domains: a short N-terminal cytoplasmic domain, a hydrophobic non-cleavable signal-anchor domain, and a C-terminal catalytic domain. Mutations in this gene may lead to carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome, type II. The coding region of this gene is intronless. Transcript variants with a spliced 5' UTR may exist, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MGAT3 | mannosyl (beta-1,4-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase|There are believed to be over 100 different glycosyltransferases involved in the synthesis of protein-bound and lipid-bound oligosaccharides. The enzyme encoded by this gene transfers a GlcNAc residue to the beta-linked mannose of the trimannosyl core of N-linked oligosaccharides and produces a bisecting GlcNAc. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPATA31D1 | SPATA31 subfamily D, member 1| |
| PDCD1LG2 | programmed cell death 1 ligand 2| |
| PAG1 | phosphoprotein membrane anchor with glycosphingolipid microdomains 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a type III transmembrane adaptor protein that binds to the tyrosine kinase csk protein. It is thought to be involved in the regulation of T cell activation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATAD3B | ATPase family, AAA domain containing 3B|ATAD3A (MIM 612316) and ATAD3B are mitochondrial membrane proteins that contribute to the stabilization of large mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-protein complexes called nucleoids (He et al., 2007 [PubMed 17210950]).[supplied by OMIM, Sep 2008] |
| VAMP1 | vesicle-associated membrane protein 1 (synaptobrevin 1)|Synapotobrevins, syntaxins, and the synaptosomal-associated protein SNAP25 are the main components of a protein complex involved in the docking and/or fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)/synaptobrevin family. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal dominant spastic ataxia 1. Multiple alternative splice variants have been described, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been defined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| CHST10 | carbohydrate sulfotransferase 10|This protein encoded by this gene transfers sulfate to the C-3 hydroxyl of terminal glucuronic acid of protein- and lipid-linked oligosaccharides. This protein was first identified as a sulfotransferase that acts on the human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) glycan; HNK-1 is a carbohydrate involved in neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| VAMP3 | vesicle-associated membrane protein 3|Synaptobrevins/VAMPs, syntaxins, and the 25-kD synaptosomal-associated protein are the main components of a protein complex involved in the docking and/or fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. This gene is a member of the vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)/synaptobrevin family. Because of its high homology to other known VAMPs, its broad tissue distribution, and its subcellular localization, the protein encoded by this gene was shown to be the human equivalent of the rodent cellubrevin. In platelets the protein resides on a compartment that is not mobilized to the plasma membrane on calcium or thrombin stimulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VAMP2 | vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (synaptobrevin 2)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)/synaptobrevin family. Synaptobrevins/VAMPs, syntaxins, and the 25-kD synaptosomal-associated protein SNAP25 are the main components of a protein complex involved in the docking and/or fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. This gene is thought to participate in neurotransmitter release at a step between docking and fusion. The protein forms a stable complex with syntaxin, synaptosomal-associated protein, 25 kD, and synaptotagmin. It also forms a distinct complex with synaptophysin. It is a likely candidate gene for familial infantile myasthenia (FIMG) because of its map location and because it encodes a synaptic vesicle protein of the type that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of FIMG. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VAMP5 | vesicle-associated membrane protein 5|Synaptobrevins/VAMPs, syntaxins, and the 25-kD synaptosomal-associated protein are the main components of a protein complex involved in the docking and/or fusion of vesicles and cell membranes. The VAMP5 gene is a member of the vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)/synaptobrevin family and the SNARE superfamily. This VAMP family member may participate in vesicle trafficking events that are associated with myogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VAMP4 | vesicle-associated membrane protein 4|Synaptobrevins/VAMPs, syntaxins, and the 25-kD synaptosomal-associated protein SNAP25 are the main components of a protein complex involved in the docking and/or fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)/synaptobrevin family. This protein may play a role in trans-Golgi network-to-endosome transport. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VAMP7 | vesicle-associated membrane protein 7|This gene encodes a transmembrane protein that is a member of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) family. The encoded protein localizes to late endosomes and lysosomes and is involved in the fusion of transport vesicles to their target membranes. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| AGAP1 | ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 1|This gene encodes a member of an ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein family involved in membrane trafficking and cytoskeleton dynamics. This gene functions as a direct regulator of the adaptor-related protein complex 3 on endosomes. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| VAMP8 | vesicle-associated membrane protein 8|This gene encodes an integral membrane protein that belongs to the synaptobrevin/vesicle-associated membrane protein subfamily of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs). The encoded protein is involved in the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| ROCK1 | Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1|This gene encodes a protein serine/threonine kinase that is activated when bound to the GTP-bound form of Rho. The small GTPase Rho regulates formation of focal adhesions and stress fibers of fibroblasts, as well as adhesion and aggregation of platelets and lymphocytes by shuttling between the inactive GDP-bound form and the active GTP-bound form. Rho is also essential in cytokinesis and plays a role in transcriptional activation by serum response factor. This protein, a downstream effector of Rho, phosphorylates and activates LIM kinase, which in turn, phosphorylates cofilin, inhibiting its actin-depolymerizing activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ROCK2 | Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates cytokinesis, smooth muscle contraction, the formation of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions, and the activation of the c-fos serum response element. This protein, which is an isozyme of ROCK1 is a target for the small GTPase Rho. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HTR1B | 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1B, G protein-coupled|The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) exerts a wide variety of physiologic functions through a multiplicity of receptors and may be involved in human neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, or migraine. These receptors consist of several main groups subdivided into several distinct subtypes on the basis of their pharmacologic characteristics, coupling to intracellular second messengers, and distribution within the nervous system (Zifa and Fillion, 1992 [PubMed 1359584]). The serotonergic receptors belong to the multigene family of receptors coupled to guanine nucleotide-binding proteins.[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009] |
| MMP8 | matrix metallopeptidase 8|This gene encodes a member of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of proteins. These proteins are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Proteolysis at different sites on this protein results in multiple active forms of the enzyme with distinct N-termini. This protein functions in the degradation of type I, II and III collagens. The gene is part of a cluster of MMP genes which localize to chromosome 11q22.3. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| MMP9 | matrix metallopeptidase 9|Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. The enzyme encoded by this gene degrades type IV and V collagens. Studies in rhesus monkeys suggest that the enzyme is involved in IL-8-induced mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells from bone marrow, and murine studies suggest a role in tumor-associated tissue remodeling. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MMP7 | matrix metallopeptidase 7|Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. The enzyme encoded by this gene degrades proteoglycans, fibronectin, elastin and casein and differs from most MMP family members in that it lacks a conserved C-terminal protein domain. The enzyme is involved in wound healing, and studies in mice suggest that it regulates the activity of defensins in intestinal mucosa. The gene is part of a cluster of MMP genes which localize to chromosome 11q22.3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLFN5 | schlafen family member 5| |
| MMP2 | matrix metallopeptidase 2|This gene is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) gene family, that are zinc-dependent enzymes capable of cleaving components of the extracellular matrix and molecules involved in signal transduction. The protein encoded by this gene is a gelatinase A, type IV collagenase, that contains three fibronectin type II repeats in its catalytic site that allow binding of denatured type IV and V collagen and elastin. Unlike most MMP family members, activation of this protein can occur on the cell membrane. This enzyme can be activated extracellularly by proteases, or, intracellulary by its S-glutathiolation with no requirement for proteolytical removal of the pro-domain. This protein is thought to be involved in multiple pathways including roles in the nervous system, endometrial menstrual breakdown, regulation of vascularization, and metastasis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Winchester syndrome and Nodulosis-Arthropathy-Osteolysis (NAO) syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| MMP3 | matrix metallopeptidase 3|Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. This gene encodes an enzyme which degrades fibronectin, laminin, collagens III, IV, IX, and X, and cartilage proteoglycans. The enzyme is thought to be involved in wound repair, progression of atherosclerosis, and tumor initiation. The gene is part of a cluster of MMP genes which localize to chromosome 11q22.3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MMP1 | matrix metallopeptidase 1|Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. This gene encodes a secreted enzyme which breaks down the interstitial collagens, types I, II, and III. The gene is part of a cluster of MMP genes which localize to chromosome 11q22.3. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| TRAPPC2L | trafficking protein particle complex 2-like| |
| CLASRP | CLK4-associating serine/arginine rich protein| |
| GNPTAB | N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase, alpha and beta subunits|This gene encodes two of three subunit types of the membrane-bound enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase, a heterohexameric complex composed of two alpha, two beta, and two gamma subunits. The encoded protein is proteolytically cleaved at the Lys928-Asp929 bond to yield mature alpha and beta polypeptides while the gamma subunits are the product of a distinct gene (GeneID 84572). In the Golgi apparatus, the heterohexameric complex catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of mannose 6-phosphate recognition markers on certain oligosaccharides of newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes. These recognition markers are essential for appropriate trafficking of lysosomal enzymes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with both mucolipidosis II and mucolipidosis IIIA.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| AMICA1 | adhesion molecule, interacts with CXADR antigen 1| |
| AGER | advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor|The advanced glycosylation end product (AGE) receptor encoded by this gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface receptors. It is a multiligand receptor, and besides AGE, interacts with other molecules implicated in homeostasis, development, and inflammation, and certain diseases, such as diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Many alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms, as well as non-protein-coding variants, have been described for this gene (PMID:18089847). [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| PODXL | podocalyxin-like|This gene encodes a member of the sialomucin protein family. The encoded protein was originally identified as an important component of glomerular podocytes. Podocytes are highly differentiated epithelial cells with interdigitating foot processes covering the outer aspect of the glomerular basement membrane. Other biological activities of the encoded protein include: binding in a membrane protein complex with Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor to intracellular cytoskeletal elements, playing a role in hematopoetic cell differentiation, and being expressed in vascular endothelium cells and binding to L-selectin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNE1 | potassium channel, voltage gated subfamily E regulatory beta subunit 1|The product of this gene belongs to the potassium channel KCNE family. Potassium ion channels are essential to many cellular functions and show a high degree of diversity, varying in their electrophysiologic and pharmacologic properties. This gene encodes a transmembrane protein known to associate with the product of the KVLQT1 gene to form the delayed rectifier potassium channel. Mutation in this gene are associated with both Jervell and Lange-Nielsen and Romano-Ward forms of long-QT syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CAPRIN2 | caprin family member 2|The protein encoded by this gene may be involved in the transitioning of erythroblasts from a highly proliferative state to a terminal phase of differentiation. High level expression of the encoded protein can lead to apoptosis. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| CETN1 | centrin, EF-hand protein, 1|The protein encoded by this gene plays important roles in the determination of centrosome position and segregation, and in the process of microtubule severing. This protein is localized to the centrosome of interphase cells, and redistributes to the region of the spindle poles during mitosis, reflecting the dynamic behavior of the centrosome during the cell cycle. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| CAPRIN1 | cell cycle associated protein 1| |
| CCNT1 | cyclin T1|This gene encodes a member of the highly conserved cyclin C subfamily. The encoded protein tightly associates with cyclin-dependent kinase 9, and is a major subunit of positive transcription elongation factor b (p-TEFb). In humans, there are multiple forms of positive transcription elongation factor b, which may include one of several different cyclins along with cyclin-dependent kinase 9. The complex containing the encoded cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase 9 acts as a cofactor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein, and is both necessary and sufficient for full activation of viral transcription. This cyclin and its kinase partner are also involved in triggering transcript elongation through phosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit. Overexpression of this gene is implicated in tumor growth. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2013] |
| MEN1 | multiple endocrine neoplasia I|This gene encodes menin, a putative tumor suppressor associated with a syndrome known as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. In vitro studies have shown menin is localized to the nucleus, possesses two functional nuclear localization signals, and inhibits transcriptional activation by JunD, however, the function of this protein is not known. Two messages have been detected on northern blots but the larger message has not been characterized. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| CCNT2 | cyclin T2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin and its kinase partner CDK9 were found to be subunits of the transcription elongation factor p-TEFb. The p-TEFb complex containing this cyclin was reported to interact with, and act as a negative regulator of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 1. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| CREBZF | CREB/ATF bZIP transcription factor| |
| PECAM1 | platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1|The protein encoded by this gene is found on the surface of platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, and some types of T-cells, and makes up a large portion of endothelial cell intercellular junctions. The encoded protein is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is likely involved in leukocyte migration, angiogenesis, and integrin activation. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| LTC4S | leukotriene C4 synthase|The MAPEG (Membrane Associated Proteins in Eicosanoid and Glutathione metabolism) family includes a number of human proteins, several of which are involved the production of leukotrienes. This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes, potent biological compounds derived from arachidonic acid. Leukotrienes have been implicated as mediators of anaphylaxis and inflammatory conditions such as human bronchial asthma. This protein localizes to the nuclear envelope and adjacent endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CBFA2T3 | core-binding factor, runt domain, alpha subunit 2; translocated to, 3|This gene encodes a member of the myeloid translocation gene family which interact with DNA-bound transcription factors and recruit a range of corepressors to facilitate transcriptional repression. The t(16;21)(q24;q22) translocation is one of the less common karyotypic abnormalities in acute myeloid leukemia. The translocation produces a chimeric gene made up of the 5'-region of the runt-related transcription factor 1 gene fused to the 3'-region of this gene. This gene is also a putative breast tumor suppressor. Alternative splicing results in transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| CBFA2T2 | core-binding factor, runt domain, alpha subunit 2; translocated to, 2|In acute myeloid leukemia, especially in the M2 subtype, the t(8;21)(q22;q22) translocation is one of the most frequent karyotypic abnormalities. The translocation produces a chimeric gene made up of the 5'-region of the RUNX1 (AML1) gene fused to the 3'-region of the CBFA2T1 (MTG8) gene. The chimeric protein is thought to associate with the nuclear corepressor/histone deacetylase complex to block hematopoietic differentiation. The protein encoded by this gene binds to the AML1-MTG8 complex and may be important in promoting leukemogenesis. Several transcript variants are thought to exist for this gene, but the full-length natures of only three have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IRF2BP2 | interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein 2|This gene encodes an interferon regulatory factor-2 (IRF2) binding protein that interacts with the C-terminal transcriptional repression domain of IRF2. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IRF2BP1 | interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein 1| |
| C9orf89 | chromosome 9 open reading frame 89| |
| RRAS | related RAS viral (r-ras) oncogene homolog| |
| H3F3C | H3 histone, family 3C| |
| MC1R | melanocortin 1 receptor (alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor)|This intronless gene encodes the receptor protein for melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). The encoded protein, a seven pass transmembrane G protein coupled receptor, controls melanogenesis. Two types of melanin exist: red pheomelanin and black eumelanin. Gene mutations that lead to a loss in function are associated with increased pheomelanin production, which leads to lighter skin and hair color. Eumelanin is photoprotective but pheomelanin may contribute to UV-induced skin damage by generating free radicals upon UV radiation. Binding of MSH to its receptor activates the receptor and stimulates eumelanin synthesis. This receptor is a major determining factor in sun sensitivity and is a genetic risk factor for melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. Over 30 variant alleles have been identified which correlate with skin and hair color, providing evidence that this gene is an important component in determining normal human pigment variation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VRK1 | vaccinia related kinase 1|This gene encodes a member of the vaccinia-related kinase (VRK) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. This gene is widely expressed in human tissues and has increased expression in actively dividing cells, such as those in testis, thymus, fetal liver, and carcinomas. Its protein localizes to the nucleus and has been shown to promote the stability and nuclear accumulation of a transcriptionally active p53 molecule and, in vitro, to phosphorylate Thr18 of p53 and reduce p53 ubiquitination. This gene, therefore, may regulate cell proliferation. This protein also phosphorylates histone, casein, and the transcription factors ATF2 (activating transcription factor 2) and c-JUN. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| H3F3A | H3 histone, family 3A|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene contains introns and its mRNA is polyadenylated, unlike most histone genes. The protein encoded is a replication-independent member of the histone H3 family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VRK3 | vaccinia related kinase 3|This gene encodes a member of the vaccinia-related kinase (VRK) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. In both human and mouse, this gene has substitutions at several residues within the ATP binding motifs that in other kinases have been shown to be required for catalysis. In vitro assays indicate the protein lacks phosphorylation activity. The protein, however, likely retains its substrate binding capability. This gene is widely expressed in human tissues and its protein localizes to the nucleus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcripts encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VRK2 | vaccinia related kinase 2|This gene encodes a member of the vaccinia-related kinase (VRK) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. The encoded protein acts as an effector of signaling pathways that regulate apoptosis and tumor cell growth. Variants in this gene have been associated with schizophrenia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that differ in their subcellular localization and biological activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| CRYL1 | crystallin, lambda 1|The uronate cycle functions as an alternative glucose metabolic pathway, accounting for about 5% of daily glucose catabolism. The product of this gene catalyzes the dehydrogenation of L-gulonate into dehydro-L-gulonate in the uronate cycle. The enzyme requires NAD(H) as a coenzyme, and is inhibited by inorganic phosphate. A similar gene in the rabbit is thought to serve a structural role in the lens of the eye. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WNK3 | WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 3|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the 'with no lysine' family of serine-threonine protein kinases. These family members lack the catalytic lysine in subdomain II, and instead have a conserved lysine in subdomain I. This family member functions as a positive regulator of the transcellular Ca2+ transport pathway, and it plays a role in the increase of cell survival in a caspase-3-dependent pathway. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| LRRC6 | leucine rich repeat containing 6|The protein encoded by this gene contains several leucine-rich repeat domains and appears to be involved in the motility of cilia. Defects in this gene are a cause of primary ciliary dyskinesia-19 (CILD19). Two transcript variants, one protein-coding and the other not, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| WNK1 | WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1|This gene encodes a member of the WNK subfamily of serine/threonine protein kinases. The encoded protein may be a key regulator of blood pressure by controlling the transport of sodium and chloride ions. Mutations in this gene have been associated with pseudohypoaldosteronism type II and hereditary sensory neuropathy type II. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described but the full-length nature of all of them has yet to be determined.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| LRRC1 | leucine rich repeat containing 1| |
| IRF2BPL | interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein-like|This gene encodes a transcription factor that may play a role in regulating female reproductive function. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| LRRC3 | leucine rich repeat containing 3| |
| TNIP2 | TNFAIP3 interacting protein 2|This gene encodes a protein which acts as an inhibitor of NFkappaB activation. The encoded protein is also involved in MAP/ERK signaling pathway in specific cell types. It may be involved in apoptosis of endothelial cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene related to this gene is located on the X chromosome.[provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| USP39 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 39| |
| CNNM2 | cyclin and CBS domain divalent metal cation transport mediator 2|This gene encodes a member of the ancient conserved domain containing protein family. Members of this protein family contain a cyclin box motif and have structural similarity to the cyclins. The encoded protein may play an important role in magnesium homeostasis by mediating the epithelial transport and renal reabsorption of Mg2+. Mutations in this gene are associated with renal hypomagnesemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| USP30 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 30|USP30, a member of the ubiquitin-specific protease family (see USP1, MIM 603478), is a novel mitochondrial deubiquitinating (DUB) enzyme (Nakamura and Hirose, 2008 [PubMed 18287522]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2008] |
| USP31 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 31| |
| USP32 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 32| |
| USP33 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 33|This gene encodes a deubiquinating enzyme important in a variety of processes, including Slit-dependent cell migration and beta-2 adrenergic receptor signaling. The protein is negatively regulated through ubiquitination by von Hippel-Lindau tumor protein (VHL). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants and protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| USP34 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 34| |
| USP35 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 35| |
| SHMT1 | serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 (soluble)|This gene encodes the cytosolic form of serine hydroxymethyltransferase, a pyridoxal phosphate-containing enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of serine and tetrahydrofolate to glycine and 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate. This reaction provides one-carbon units for synthesis of methionine, thymidylate, and purines in the cytoplasm. This gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| USP37 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 37| |
| PLD4 | phospholipase D family, member 4| |
| PLD5 | phospholipase D family, member 5| |
| PLD6 | phospholipase D family, member 6| |
| CCDC88B | coiled-coil domain containing 88B|This gene encodes a member of the hook-related protein family. Members of this family are characterized by an N-terminal potential microtubule binding domain, a central coiled-coiled and a C-terminal Hook-related domain. The encoded protein may be involved in linking organelles to microtubules. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| MORN1 | MORN repeat containing 1| |
| PLD1 | phospholipase D1, phosphatidylcholine-specific|This gene encodes a phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase which catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine in order to yield phosphatidic acid and choline. The enzyme may play a role in signal transduction and subcellular trafficking. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants with both catalytic and regulatory properties. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| PLD2 | phospholipase D2|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidic acid and choline. The activity of the encoded enzyme is enhanced by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and ADP-ribosylation factor-1. This protein localizes to the peripheral membrane and may be involved in cytoskeletal organization, cell cycle control, transcriptional regulation, and/or regulated secretion. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| PLD3 | phospholipase D family, member 3|This gene encodes a member of the phospholipase D (PLD) family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids. The encoded protein is a single-pass type II membrane protein and contains two PLD phosphodiesterase domains. This protein influences processing of amyloid-beta precursor protein. Mutations in this gene are associated with Alzheimer disease risk. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| CCL25 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 25|This antimicrobial gene belongs to the subfamily of small cytokine CC genes. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for dendritic cells, thymocytes, and activated macrophages but is inactive on peripheral blood lymphocytes and neutrophils. The product of this gene binds to chemokine receptor CCR9. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| HOXD3 | homeobox D3|This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, located on different chromosomes, consisting of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXD genes located at 2q31-2q37 chromosome regions. Deletions that removed the entire HOXD gene cluster or 5' end of this cluster have been associated with severe limb and genital abnormalities. The protein encoded by this gene may play a role in the regulation of cell adhesion processes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPL39L | ribosomal protein L39-like|This gene encodes a protein sharing high sequence similarity with ribosomal protein L39. Although the name of this gene has been referred to as 'ribosomal protein L39' in the public databases, its official name is 'ribosomal protein L39-like'. It is not currently known whether the encoded protein is a functional ribosomal protein or whether it has evolved a function that is independent of the ribosome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPFIBP1 | PTPRF interacting protein, binding protein 1 (liprin beta 1)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the LAR protein-tyrosine phosphatase-interacting protein (liprin) family. Liprins interact with members of LAR family of transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatases, which are known to be important for axon guidance and mammary gland development. It has been proposed that liprins are multivalent proteins that form complex structures and act as scaffolds for the recruitment and anchoring of LAR family of tyrosine phosphatases. This protein was found to interact with S100A4, a calcium-binding protein related to tumor invasiveness and metastasis. In vitro experiment demonstrated that the interaction inhibited the phosphorylation of this protein by protein kinase C and protein kinase CK2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPFIBP2 | PTPRF interacting protein, binding protein 2 (liprin beta 2)|This gene encodes a member of the LAR protein-tyrosine phosphatase-interacting protein (liprin) family. The encoded protein is a beta liprin and plays a role in axon guidance and neuronal synapse development by recruiting LAR protein-tyrosine phosphatases to the plasma membrane. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| CCL24 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 24|This gene belongs to the subfamily of small cytokine CC genes. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity on resting T lymphocytes, a minimal activity on neutrophils, and is negative on monocytes and activated T lymphocytes. The protein is also a strong suppressor of colony formation by a multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cell line. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RUNX2 | runt-related transcription factor 2|This gene is a member of the RUNX family of transcription factors and encodes a nuclear protein with an Runt DNA-binding domain. This protein is essential for osteoblastic differentiation and skeletal morphogenesis and acts as a scaffold for nucleic acids and regulatory factors involved in skeletal gene expression. The protein can bind DNA both as a monomer or, with more affinity, as a subunit of a heterodimeric complex. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the bone development disorder cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD). Transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms result from the use of alternate promoters as well as alternate splicing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RUNX3 | runt-related transcription factor 3|This gene encodes a member of the runt domain-containing family of transcription factors. A heterodimer of this protein and a beta subunit forms a complex that binds to the core DNA sequence 5'-PYGPYGGT-3' found in a number of enhancers and promoters, and can either activate or suppress transcription. It also interacts with other transcription factors. It functions as a tumor suppressor, and the gene is frequently deleted or transcriptionally silenced in cancer. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| APOBEC1 | apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytidine deaminase enzyme family. The encoded protein forms a multiple-protein editing holoenzyme with APOBEC1 complementation factor (ACF) and APOBEC1 stimulating protein (ASP). This holoenzyme is involved in the editing of C-to-U nucleotide bases in apolipoprotein B and neurofibromatosis-1 mRNAs. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| RUNX1 | runt-related transcription factor 1|Core binding factor (CBF) is a heterodimeric transcription factor that binds to the core element of many enhancers and promoters. The protein encoded by this gene represents the alpha subunit of CBF and is thought to be involved in the development of normal hematopoiesis. Chromosomal translocations involving this gene are well-documented and have been associated with several types of leukemia. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FRA10AC1 | fragile site, folic acid type, rare, fra(10)(q23.3) or fra(10)(q24.2) candidate 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear phosphoprotein of unknown function. The 5' UTR of this gene is part of a CpG island and contains a tandem CGG repeat region that normally consists of 8-14 repeats but can expand to over 200 repeats. The expanded allele becomes hypermethylated and is not transcribed; however, an expanded repeat region has not been associated with any disease phenotype. This gene is found within the rare FRA10A folate-sensitive fragile site. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| FABP2 | fatty acid binding protein 2, intestinal|The intracellular fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) belong to a multigene family with nearly twenty identified members. FABPs are divided into at least three distinct types, namely the hepatic-, intestinal- and cardiac-type. They form 14-15 kDa proteins and are thought to participate in the uptake, intracellular metabolism and/or transport of long-chain fatty acids. They may also be responsible in the modulation of cell growth and proliferation. Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein 2 gene contains four exons and is an abundant cytosolic protein in small intestine epithelial cells. This gene has a polymorphism at codon 54 that identified an alanine-encoding allele and a threonine-encoding allele. Thr-54 protein is associated with increased fat oxidation and insulin resistance. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LDLRAD4 | low density lipoprotein receptor class A domain containing 4| |
| PARP11 | poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 11| |
| CCDC88C | coiled-coil domain containing 88C|This gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed coiled-coil domain-containing protein that interacts with the dishevelled protein and is a negative regulator of the Wnt signalling pathway. The protein encoded by this gene has a PDZ-domain binding motif in its C-terminus with which it interacts with the dishevelled protein. Dishevelled is a scaffold protein involved in the regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway. The Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in embryonic development, tissue maintenance, and cancer progression. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal recessive, primary non-syndromic congenital hydrocephalus; a condition characterized by excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| DOCK8 | dedicator of cytokinesis 8|This gene encodes a member of the DOCK180 family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors interact with Rho GTPases and are components of intracellular signaling networks. Mutations in this gene result in the autosomal recessive form of the hyper-IgE syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| DOCK9 | dedicator of cytokinesis 9| |
| DOCK2 | dedicator of cytokinesis 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the CDM protein family. It is specifically expressed in hematopoietic cells, predominantly in the peripheral blood leukocytes, and is involved in remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton required for lymphocyte migration, through the activation of RAC. Mice lacking this gene show a severe impairment in the migration and homing of lymphocytes. These mutant mice also exhibited long-term survival of allografts, suggesting that this gene may be a target for controlling transplant rejection. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| ZNF75A | zinc finger protein 75a| |
| DOCK1 | dedicator of cytokinesis 1|This gene encodes a member of the dedicator of cytokinesis protein family. Dedicator of cytokinesis proteins act as guanine nucleotide exchange factors for small Rho family G proteins. The encoded protein regulates the small GTPase Rac, thereby influencing several biological processes, including phagocytosis and cell migration. Overexpression of this gene has also been associated with certain cancers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| ZNF75D | zinc finger protein 75D|This gene encodes a protein that likely functions as a transcription factor. The protein, which belongs to the ZNF75 family, includes an N-terminal SCAN domain, a KRAB box, and five C2H2-type zinc finger motifs. Another functional gene belonging to this family is located on chromosome 16, while pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 11 and 12. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcripts variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| DOCK7 | dedicator of cytokinesis 7|The protein encoded by this gene is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that plays a role in axon formation and neuronal polarization. The encoded protein displays GEF activity toward RAC1 and RAC3 Rho small GTPases but not toward CDC42. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| KIF26B | kinesin family member 26B| |
| DOCK5 | dedicator of cytokinesis 5| |
| SAAL1 | serum amyloid A-like 1| |
| UHRF1BP1 | UHRF1 binding protein 1| |
| ACSBG1 | acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member 1|The protein encoded by this gene possesses long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase activity. It is thought to play a central role in brain very long-chain fatty acids metabolism and myelinogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACSBG2 | acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member 2| |
| LRRN2 | leucine rich repeat neuronal 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the leucine-rich repeat superfamily. This gene was found to be amplified and overexpressed in malignant gliomas. The encoded protein has homology with other proteins that function as cell-adhesion molecules or as signal transduction receptors and is a candidate for the target gene in the 1q32.1 amplicon in malignant gliomas. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TNFRSF12A | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 12A| |
| FAM184A | family with sequence similarity 184, member A| |
| FAM184B | family with sequence similarity 184, member B| |
| SLC9A4 | solute carrier family 9, subfamily A (NHE4, cation proton antiporter 4), member 4| |
| TRAM1 | translocation associated membrane protein 1|This gene encodes a multi-pass membrane protein that is part of the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum. The encoded protein influences glycosylation and facilitates the translocation of secretory proteins across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane by regulating which domains of the nascent polypeptide chain are visible to the cytosol during a translocational pause. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| SLC9A6 | solute carrier family 9, subfamily A (NHE6, cation proton antiporter 6), member 6|This gene encodes a sodium-hydrogen exchanger that is amember of the solute carrier family 9. The encoded protein localizes to early and recycling endosomes and may be involved in regulating endosomal pH and volume. Defects in this gene are associated with X-linked syndromic mental retardation, Christianson type. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| SLC9A7 | solute carrier family 9, subfamily A (NHE7, cation proton antiporter 7), member 7|This gene encodes a sodium and potassium/ proton antiporter that is a member of the solute carrier family 9 protein family. The encoded protein is primarily localized to the trans-Golgi network and is involved in maintaining pH homeostasis in organelles along the secretory and endocytic pathways. This protein may enhance cell growth of certain breast tumors. This gene is part of a gene cluster on chromosome Xp11.23. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 12. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| HSPH1 | heat shock 105kDa/110kDa protein 1| |
| UBAP2L | ubiquitin associated protein 2-like| |
| SUPT7L | suppressor of Ty 7 (S. cerevisiae)-like|SUPT7L is a protein subunit of the human STAGA complex (SPT3; (MIM 602947)/TAF9 (MIM 600822)/GCN5 (MIM 602301) acetyltransferase complex), which is a chromatin-modifying multiprotein complex (Martinez et al., 2001 [PubMed 11564863]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2009] |
| LIM2 | lens intrinsic membrane protein 2, 19kDa|This gene encodes an eye lens-specific protein found at the junctions of lens fiber cells, where it may contribute to cell junctional organization. It acts as a receptor for calmodulin, and may play an important role in both lens development and cataractogenesis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with cataract formation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| TNRC18 | trinucleotide repeat containing 18| |
| TFPI | tissue factor pathway inhibitor (lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor)|This gene encodes a protease inhibitor that regulates the tissue factor (TF)-dependent pathway of blood coagulation. The coagulation process initiates with the formation of a factor VIIa-TF complex, which proteolytically activates additional proteases (factors IX and X) and ultimately leads to the formation of a fibrin clot. The product of this gene inhibits the activated factor X and VIIa-TF proteases in an autoregulatory loop. The encoded protein is glycosylated and predominantly found in the vascular endothelium and plasma in both free forms and complexed with plasma lipoproteins. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been confirmed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC9A9 | solute carrier family 9, subfamily A (NHE9, cation proton antiporter 9), member 9|This gene encodes a sodium/proton exchanger that is a member of the solute carrier 9 protein family. The encoded protein localizes the to the late recycling endosomes and may play an important role in maintaining cation homeostasis. Mutations in this gene are associated with autism susceptibility 16 and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| FGF8 | fibroblast growth factor 8 (androgen-induced)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. This protein is known to be a factor that supports androgen and anchorage independent growth of mammary tumor cells. Overexpression of this gene has been shown to increase tumor growth and angiogensis. The adult expression of this gene is restricted to testes and ovaries. Temporal and spatial pattern of this gene expression suggests its function as an embryonic epithelial factor. Studies of the mouse and chick homologs revealed roles in midbrain and limb development, organogenesis, embryo gastrulation and left-right axis determination. The alternative splicing of this gene results in four transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SCNN1G | sodium channel, non voltage gated 1 gamma subunit|Nonvoltage-gated, amiloride-sensitive, sodium channels control fluid and electrolyte transport across epithelia in many organs. These channels are heteromeric complexes consisting of 3 subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. This gene encodes the gamma subunit, and mutations in this gene have been associated with Liddle syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| JUP | junction plakoglobin|This gene encodes a major cytoplasmic protein which is the only known constituent common to submembranous plaques of both desmosomes and intermediate junctions. This protein forms distinct complexes with cadherins and desmosomal cadherins and is a member of the catenin family since it contains a distinct repeating amino acid motif called the armadillo repeat. Mutation in this gene has been associated with Naxos disease. Alternative splicing occurs in this gene; however, not all transcripts have been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SCNN1D | sodium channel, non voltage gated 1 delta subunit| |
| SCNN1B | sodium channel, non voltage gated 1 beta subunit|Nonvoltage-gated, amiloride-sensitive, sodium channels control fluid and electrolyte transport across epithelia in many organs. These channels are heteromeric complexes consisting of 3 subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. This gene encodes the beta subunit, and mutations in this gene have been associated with pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1), and Liddle syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| SCNN1A | sodium channel, non voltage gated 1 alpha subunit|Nonvoltage-gated, amiloride-sensitive, sodium channels control fluid and electrolyte transport across epithelia in many organs. These channels are heteromeric complexes consisting of 3 subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. This gene encodes the alpha subunit, and mutations in this gene have been associated with pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1), a rare salt wasting disease resulting from target organ unresponsiveness to mineralocorticoids. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| FAM98C | family with sequence similarity 98, member C| |
| FAM98B | family with sequence similarity 98, member B| |
| PLCB2 | phospholipase C, beta 2| |
| ARHGEF35 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 35| |
| PLCB4 | phospholipase C, beta 4|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. This reaction uses calcium as a cofactor and plays an important role in the intracellular transduction of many extracellular signals in the retina. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| MAPT | microtubule-associated protein tau|This gene encodes the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) whose transcript undergoes complex, regulated alternative splicing, giving rise to several mRNA species. MAPT transcripts are differentially expressed in the nervous system, depending on stage of neuronal maturation and neuron type. MAPT gene mutations have been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, frontotemporal dementia, cortico-basal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SEC13 | SEC13 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the SEC13 family of WD-repeat proteins. It is a constituent of the endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear pore complex. It has similarity to the yeast SEC13 protein, which is required for vesicle biogenesis from endoplasmic reticulum during the transport of proteins. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| ARHGEF39 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 39| |
| GIMAP8 | GTPase, IMAP family member 8|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the GTP-binding superfamily and to the immuno-associated nucleotide (IAN) subfamily of nucleotide-binding proteins. In humans, the IAN subfamily genes are located in a cluster at 7q36.1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GIMAP4 | GTPase, IMAP family member 4|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the GTP-binding superfamily and to the immuno-associated nucleotide (IAN) subfamily of nucleotide-binding proteins. The encoded protein of this gene may be negatively regulated by T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia 1 (TAL1). In humans, the IAN subfamily genes are located in a cluster at 7q36.1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GIMAP5 | GTPase, IMAP family member 5|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the GTP-binding superfamily and to the immuno-associated nucleotide (IAN) subfamily of nucleotide-binding proteins. In humans, the IAN subfamily genes are located in a cluster at 7q36.1. This gene encodes an antiapoptotic protein that functions in T-cell survival. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Read-through transcription exists between this gene and the neighboring upstream GIMAP1 (GTPase, IMAP family member 1) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| GIMAP6 | GTPase, IMAP family member 6|This gene encodes a member of the GTPases of immunity-associated proteins (GIMAP) family. GIMAP proteins contain GTP-binding and coiled-coil motifs, and may play roles in the regulation of cell survival. Decreased expression of this gene may play a role in non-small cell lung cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, which is found in a cluster with seven additional GIMAP genes on the long arm of chromosome 7. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| GIMAP7 | GTPase, IMAP family member 7|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the GTP-binding superfamily and to the immuno-associated nucleotide (IAN) subfamily of nucleotide-binding proteins. In humans, the IAN subfamily genes are located in a cluster at 7q36.1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GIMAP1 | GTPase, IMAP family member 1|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the GTP-binding superfamily and to the immuno-associated nucleotide (IAN) subfamily of nucleotide-binding proteins. In humans, the IAN subfamily genes are located in a cluster at 7q36.1. This gene is thought to be involved in the differentiation of T helper (Th) cells of the Th1 lineage, and the related mouse gene has been shown to be critical for the development of mature B and T lymphocytes. Read-through transcription exists between this gene and the downstream GIMAP5 (GTPase, IMAP family member 5) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| GIMAP2 | GTPase, IMAP family member 2|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the GTP-binding superfamily and to the immuno-associated nucleotide (IAN) subfamily of nucleotide-binding proteins. In humans, the IAN subfamily genes are located in a cluster at 7q36.1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SCUBE2 | signal peptide, CUB domain, EGF-like 2| |
| SCUBE3 | signal peptide, CUB domain, EGF-like 3|This gene encodes a member of the signal peptide, complement subcomponents C1r/C1s, Uegf, bone morphogenetic protein-1 and epidermal growth factor-like domain containing protein family. Overexpression of this gene in human embryonic kidney cells results in secretion of a glycosylated form of the protein that forms oligomers and tethers to the cell surface. This gene is upregulated in lung cancer tumor tissue compared to healthy tissue and is associated with loss of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and with increased expression of vimentin, a mesenchymal marker. In addition, the protein encoded by this gene is a transforming growth factor beta receptor ligand, and when secreted by cancer cells, it can be cleaved in vitro to release the N-terminal epidermal growth factor-like repeat domain and the C-terminal complement subcomponents C1r/C1s domain. Both the full length protein and C-terminal fragment can bind to the transforming growth factor beta type II receptor to promote the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor angiogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| SCUBE1 | signal peptide, CUB domain, EGF-like 1|This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein that is a member of the SCUBE (signal peptide, CUB domain, EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like protein) family. Family members have an amino-terminal signal peptide, nine copies of EGF-like repeats and a CUB domain at the carboxyl terminus. This protein is expressed in platelets and endothelial cells and may play an important role in vascular biology. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| ESR2 | estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)|This gene encodes a member of the family of estrogen receptors and superfamily of nuclear receptor transcription factors. The gene product contains an N-terminal DNA binding domain and C-terminal ligand binding domain and is localized to the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. Upon binding to 17beta-estradiol or related ligands, the encoded protein forms homo- or hetero-dimers that interact with specific DNA sequences to activate transcription. Some isoforms dominantly inhibit the activity of other estrogen receptor family members. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ESR1 | estrogen receptor 1|This gene encodes an estrogen receptor, a ligand-activated transcription factor composed of several domains important for hormone binding, DNA binding, and activation of transcription. The protein localizes to the nucleus where it may form a homodimer or a heterodimer with estrogen receptor 2. Estrogen and its receptors are essential for sexual development and reproductive function, but also play a role in other tissues such as bone. Estrogen receptors are also involved in pathological processes including breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and osteoporosis. Alternative promoter usage and alternative splicing result in dozens of transcript variants, but the full-length nature of many of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| WARS | tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase|Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA by their cognate amino acid. Because of their central role in linking amino acids with nucleotide triplets contained in tRNAs, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are thought to be among the first proteins that appeared in evolution. Two forms of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase exist, a cytoplasmic form, named WARS, and a mitochondrial form, named WARS2. Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WARS) catalyzes the aminoacylation of tRNA(trp) with tryptophan and is induced by interferon. Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase belongs to the class I tRNA synthetase family. Four transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RHBDF1 | rhomboid 5 homolog 1 (Drosophila)| |
| RHBDF2 | rhomboid 5 homolog 2 (Drosophila)| |
| ZNF750 | zinc finger protein 750|This gene encodes a protein with a nuclear localization site and a C2H2 zinc finger domain. Mutations in this gene have been associated with seborrhea-like dermatitis with psoriasiform elements. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CEP19 | centrosomal protein 19kDa|The protein encoded by this gene localizes to centrosomes and primary cilia and co-localizes with a marker for the mother centriole. This gene resides in a region of human chromosome 3 that is linked to morbid obesity. A homozygous knockout of the orthologous gene in mouse resulted in mice with morbid obesity, hyperphagy, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. Mutations in this gene cause morbid obesity and spermatogenic failure (MOSPGF). This gene has a pseudogene on human chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| MYOM3 | myomesin 3| |
| SMIM12 | small integral membrane protein 12| |
| SMIM11 | small integral membrane protein 11| |
| SMIM10 | small integral membrane protein 10| |
| SMIM17 | small integral membrane protein 17| |
| SMIM15 | small integral membrane protein 15| |
| SMIM14 | small integral membrane protein 14| |
| FGF5 | fibroblast growth factor 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. This gene was identified as an oncogene, which confers transforming potential when transfected into mammalian cells. Targeted disruption of the homolog of this gene in mouse resulted in the phenotype of abnormally long hair, which suggested a function as an inhibitor of hair elongation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NDST4 | N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase (heparan glucosaminyl) 4| |
| RPP30 | ribonuclease P/MRP 30kDa subunit| |
| TOP3A | topoisomerase (DNA) III alpha|This gene encodes a DNA topoisomerase, an enzyme that controls and alters the topologic states of DNA during transcription. This enzyme catalyzes the transient breaking and rejoining of a single strand of DNA which allows the strands to pass through one another, thus reducing the number of supercoils and altering the topology of DNA. This enzyme forms a complex with BLM which functions in the regulation of recombination in somatic cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BECN1P1 | beclin 2| |
| MOB3B | MOB kinase activator 3B|The protein encoded by this gene shares similarity with the yeast Mob1 protein. Yeast Mob1 binds Mps1p, a protein kinase essential for spindle pole body duplication and mitotic checkpoint regulation. This gene is located on the opposite strand as the interferon kappa precursor (IFNK) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MOB3C | MOB kinase activator 3C|The protein encoded by this gene is similar to the yeast Mob1 protein. Yeast Mob1 binds Mps1p, a protein kinase essential for spindle pole body duplication and mitotic checkpoint regulation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FBXO2 | F-box protein 2|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of the ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbxs class. This protein is highly similar to the rat NFB42 (neural F Box 42 kDa) protein which is enriched in the nervous system and may play a role in maintaining neurons in a postmitotic state. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TBX1 | T-box 1|This gene is a member of a phylogenetically conserved family of genes that share a common DNA-binding domain, the T-box. T-box genes encode transcription factors involved in the regulation of developmental processes. This gene product shares 98% amino acid sequence identity with the mouse ortholog. DiGeorge syndrome (DGS)/velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS), a common congenital disorder characterized by neural-crest-related developmental defects, has been associated with deletions of chromosome 22q11.2, where this gene has been mapped. Studies using mouse models of DiGeorge syndrome suggest a major role for this gene in the molecular etiology of DGS/VCFS. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FBXO4 | F-box protein 4|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of the ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbxs class. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| CTNND2 | catenin (cadherin-associated protein), delta 2|This gene encodes an adhesive junction associated protein of the armadillo/beta-catenin superfamily and is implicated in brain and eye development and cancer formation. The protein encoded by this gene promotes the disruption of E-cadherin based adherens junction to favor cell spreading upon stimulation by hepatocyte growth factor. This gene is overexpressed in prostate adenocarcinomas and is associated with decreased expression of tumor suppressor E-cadherin in this tissue. This gene resides in a region of the short arm of chromosome 5 that is deleted in Cri du Chat syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| CTNND1 | catenin (cadherin-associated protein), delta 1|This gene encodes a member of the Armadillo protein family, which function in adhesion between cells and signal transduction. Multiple translation initiation codons and alternative splicing result in many different isoforms being translated. Not all of the full-length natures of the described transcript variants have been determined. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the neighboring upstream thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 2 (TMX2) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| FBXO7 | F-box protein 7|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of the ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbxs class and it may play a role in regulation of hematopoiesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been identified with the full-length natures of only some variants being determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FBXO8 | F-box protein 8|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of the ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbxs class. It contains a C-terminal amino acid sequence that bears a significant similarity with a portion of yeast Sec7p, a critical regulator of vesicular protein transport. This human protein may interact with ADP-ribosylation factor(s)(ARFs) and exhibit ARF-GEF (guanine nucleotide exchange factor) activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FBXO9 | F-box protein 9|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of the ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbxs class. Alternative splicing of this gene generates at least 3 transcript variants diverging at the 5' terminus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| A2M | alpha-2-macroglobulin|Alpha-2-macroglobulin is a protease inhibitor and cytokine transporter. It inhibits many proteases, including trypsin, thrombin and collagenase. A2M is implicated in Alzheimer disease (AD) due to its ability to mediate the clearance and degradation of A-beta, the major component of beta-amyloid deposits. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KLRF1 | killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily F, member 1|KLRF1, an activating homodimeric C-type lectin-like receptor (CTLR), is expressed on nearly all natural killer (NK) cells and stimulates their cytoxicity and cytokine release (Kuttruff et al., 2009 [PubMed 18922855]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009] |
| ZNF534 | zinc finger protein 534| |
| LIG4 | ligase IV, DNA, ATP-dependent|The protein encoded by this gene is a DNA ligase that joins single-strand breaks in a double-stranded polydeoxynucleotide in an ATP-dependent reaction. This protein is essential for V(D)J recombination and DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair through nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). This protein forms a complex with the X-ray repair cross complementing protein 4 (XRCC4), and further interacts with the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). Both XRCC4 and DNA-PK are known to be required for NHEJ. The crystal structure of the complex formed by this protein and XRCC4 has been resolved. Defects in this gene are the cause of LIG4 syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF536 | zinc finger protein 536| |
| TMEM38B | transmembrane protein 38B|This gene encodes an intracellular monovalent cation channel that functions in maintenance of intracellular calcium release. Mutations in this gene may be associated with autosomal recessive osteogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| C18orf25 | chromosome 18 open reading frame 25| |
| LHX1 | LIM homeobox 1|This gene encodes a member of a large protein family which contains the LIM domain, a unique cysteine-rich zinc-binding domain. The encoded protein is a transcription factor important for the development of the renal and urogenital systems. This gene is a candidate for Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome, a disorder characterized by anomalies in the female genital tract. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| ZNF532 | zinc finger protein 532| |
| NAV3 | neuron navigator 3|This gene belongs to the neuron navigator family and is expressed predominantly in the nervous system. The encoded protein contains coiled-coil domains and a conserved AAA domain characteristic for ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities. This gene is similar to unc-53, a Caenorhabditis elegans gene involved in axon guidance. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants for this gene have been described but only one has had its full-length nature determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPHK2 | sphingosine kinase 2|This gene encodes one of two sphingosine kinase isozymes that catalyze the phosphorylation of sphingosine into sphingosine 1-phosphate. Sphingosine 1-phosphate mediates many cellular processes including migration, proliferation and apoptosis, and also plays a role in several types of cancer by promoting angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. The encoded protein may play a role in breast cancer proliferation and chemoresistance. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| NAV2 | neuron navigator 2|This gene encodes a member of the neuron navigator gene family, which may play a role in cellular growth and migration. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| C19orf68 | chromosome 19 open reading frame 68| |
| CYP39A1 | cytochrome P450, family 39, subfamily A, polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This endoplasmic reticulum protein is involved in the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids. Its substrates include the oxysterols 25-hydroxycholesterol, 27-hydroxycholesterol and 24-hydroxycholesterol. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| QSER1 | glutamine and serine rich 1| |
| TAL1 | T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia 1| |
| MYEF2 | myelin expression factor 2| |
| TAL2 | T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia 2|This intronless gene encodes a helix-loop-helix protein. Translocations between this gene on chromosome 9 and the T-cell receptor beta-chain locus on chromosome 7 have been associated with activation of the T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia 2 gene and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| LIG3 | ligase III, DNA, ATP-dependent|This gene is a member of the DNA ligase family. Each member of this family encodes a protein that catalyzes the joining of DNA ends but they each have a distinct role in DNA metabolism. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in excision repair and is located in both the mitochondria and nucleus, with translation initiation from the upstream start codon allowing for transport to the mitochondria and translation initiation from a downstream start codon allowing for transport to the nucleus. Additionally, alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MIIP | migration and invasion inhibitory protein|This gene encodes a protein that interacts with the oncogene protein insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 and may function as an inhibitor of cell migration and invasion. This protein also interacts with the cell division protein 20 and may be involved in regulating mitotic progression. This protein may function as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting the growth or certain cancers. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| CHST13 | carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase 13|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the sulfotransferase 2 family. It is localized to the golgi membrane, and catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to the C4 hydroxyl of beta-1,4-linked N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) flanked by glucuronic acid residue in chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate constitutes the predominant proteoglycan present in cartilage and is distributed on the surfaces of many cells and extracellular matrices. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| NT5DC4 | 5'-nucleotidase domain containing 4| |
| NT5DC2 | 5'-nucleotidase domain containing 2| |
| NT5DC3 | 5'-nucleotidase domain containing 3| |
| NT5DC1 | 5'-nucleotidase domain containing 1|While the exact function of the protein encoded by this gene is not known, it belongs to the 5'(3')-deoxyribonucleotidase family. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| PRSS1 | protease, serine, 1 (trypsin 1)|This gene encodes a trypsinogen, which is a member of the trypsin family of serine proteases. This enzyme is secreted by the pancreas and cleaved to its active form in the small intestine. It is active on peptide linkages involving the carboxyl group of lysine or arginine. Mutations in this gene are associated with hereditary pancreatitis. This gene and several other trypsinogen genes are localized to the T cell receptor beta locus on chromosome 7. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRRT4 | proline-rich transmembrane protein 4| |
| SASS6 | spindle assembly 6 homolog (C. elegans)|SAS6 is necessary for centrosome duplication and functions during procentriole formation; SAS6 functions to ensure that each centriole seeds the formation of a single procentriole per cell cycle Strnad et al., (2007) [PubMed 17681132].[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ATL3 | atlastin GTPase 3|This gene encodes a member of a family of dynamin-like, integral membrane GTPases. The encoded protein is required for the proper formation of the network of interconnected tubules of the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutations in this gene may be associated with hereditary sensory neuropathy type IF. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| ATL2 | atlastin GTPase 2| |
| ATL1 | atlastin GTPase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a GTPase and a Golgi body transmembrane protein. The encoded protein can form a homotetramer and has been shown to interact with spastin and with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4. This protein may be involved in axonal maintenance as evidenced by the fact that defects in this gene are a cause of spastic paraplegia type 3. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRRT2 | proline-rich transmembrane protein 2|This gene encodes a transmembrane protein containing a proline-rich domain in its N-terminal half. Studies in mice suggest that it is predominantly expressed in brain and spinal cord in embryonic and postnatal stages. Mutations in this gene are associated with episodic kinesigenic dyskinesia-1. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| RUSC2 | RUN and SH3 domain containing 2|This gene encodes a RUN and SH3 domain containing protein that interacts with Rab1b and Rab1-binding protein GM130. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| CAMSAP2 | calmodulin regulated spectrin-associated protein family, member 2| |
| RUSC1 | RUN and SH3 domain containing 1| |
| PPIH | peptidylprolyl isomerase H (cyclophilin H)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) family. PPIases catalyze the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides and accelerate the folding of proteins. This protein is a specific component of the complex that includes pre-mRNA processing factors PRPF3, PRPF4, and PRPF18, as well as U4/U5/U6 tri-snRNP. This protein has been shown to possess PPIase activity and may act as a protein chaperone that mediates the interactions between different proteins inside the spliceosome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C14orf2 | chromosome 14 open reading frame 2| |
| PPIF | peptidylprolyl isomerase F|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) family. PPIases catalyze the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides and accelerate the folding of proteins. This protein is part of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Activation of this pore is thought to be involved in the induction of apoptotic and necrotic cell death. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPIE | peptidylprolyl isomerase E (cyclophilin E)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) family. PPIases catalyze the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides and accelerate the folding of proteins. This protein contains a highly conserved cyclophilin (CYP) domain as well as an RNA-binding domain. It was shown to possess PPIase and protein folding activities, and it also exhibits RNA-binding activity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene, which is also located on chromosome 1, has been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| PPID | peptidylprolyl isomerase D|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) family. PPIases catalyze the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides and accelerate the folding of proteins. This protein has been shown to possess PPIase activity and, similar to other family members, can bind to the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPIC | peptidylprolyl isomerase C (cyclophilin C)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase)) family. PPIases catalyze the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides and accelerate the folding of proteins. Similar to other PPIases, this protein can bind immunosuppressant cyclosporin A. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCDC85B | coiled-coil domain containing 85B|Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a pathogenic human virus whose RNA genome and replication cycle resemble those of plant viroids. Delta-interacting protein A (DIPA), a cellular gene product, has been found to have homology to hepatitis delta virus antigen (HDAg). DIPA interacts with the viral antigen, HDAg, and can affect HDV replication in vitro. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCDC85A | coiled-coil domain containing 85A| |
| SLC5A5 | solute carrier family 5 (sodium/iodide cotransporter), member 5|This gene encodes a member of the sodium glucose cotransporter family. The encoded protein is responsible for the uptake of iodine in tissues such as the thyroid and lactating breast tissue. The iodine taken up by the thyroid is incorporated into the metabolic regulators triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4). Mutations in this gene are associated with thyroid dyshormonogenesis 1.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| CMSS1 | cms1 ribosomal small subunit homolog (yeast)| |
| ISCU | iron-sulfur cluster assembly enzyme|Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are necessary for several mitochondrial enzymes and other subcellular compartment proteins. They contain sulfur and iron, and are created via several steps that include cysteine desulfurases, iron donors, chaperones, and scaffold proteins. This gene encodes the two isomeric forms, ISCU1 and ISCU2, of the Fe-S cluster scaffold protein. Mutations in this gene have been found in patients with myopathy with severe exercise intolerance and myoglobinuria. A pseudogene of this gene is present on chromosome 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| DNAJC7 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 7|This gene encodes a member of the DNAJ heat shock protein 40 family of proteins that is characterized by two N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat domains and a C-terminal DNAJ domain. This protein binds the chaperone proteins heat shock proteins 70 and 90 in an ATP-dependent manner and may function as a co-chaperone. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 1 and 6. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| SNTB2 | syntrophin, beta 2 (dystrophin-associated protein A1, 59kDa, basic component 2)|Dystrophin is a large, rod-like cytoskeletal protein found at the inner surface of muscle fibers. Dystrophin is missing in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy patients and is present in reduced amounts in Becker Muscular Dystrophy patients. The protein encoded by this gene is a peripheral membrane protein found associated with dystrophin and dystrophin-related proteins. This gene is a member of the syntrophin gene family, which contains at least two other structurally-related genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STOML2 | stomatin (EPB72)-like 2| |
| FANCD2 | Fanconi anemia, complementation group D2|The Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ (also called BRIP1), FANCL, FANCM and FANCN (also called PALB2). The previously defined group FANCH is the same as FANCA. Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by cytogenetic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair. The members of the Fanconi anemia complementation group do not share sequence similarity; they are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex. This gene encodes the protein for complementation group D2. This protein is monoubiquinated in response to DNA damage, resulting in its localization to nuclear foci with other proteins (BRCA1 AND BRCA2) involved in homology-directed DNA repair. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC5A7 | solute carrier family 5 (sodium/choline cotransporter), member 7|Choline is a direct precursor of acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter of the central and peripheral nervous system that regulates a variety of autonomic, cognitive, and motor functions. SLC5A7 is a Na(+)- and Cl(-)- dependent high-affinity transporter that mediates the uptake of choline for acetylcholine synthesis in cholinergic neurons (Apparsundaram et al., 2000 [PubMed 11027560]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| KIAA0408 | KIAA0408| |
| DZANK1 | double zinc ribbon and ankyrin repeat domains 1|This gene contains two ankyrin repeat-encoding regions. Ankyrin repeats are tandemly repeated modules of about 33 amino acids described as L-shaped structures consisting of a beta-hairpin and two alpha-helices. Ankyrin repeats occur in a large number of functionally diverse proteins, mainly from eukaryotes, and are known to function as protein-protein interaction domains. Alternative splicing has been observed for this gene but the full-length nature of additional variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CORO1B | coronin, actin binding protein, 1B|Members of the coronin family, such as CORO1B, are WD repeat-containing actin-binding proteins that regulate cell motility (Cai et al., 2005 [PubMed 16027158]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CORO1C | coronin, actin binding protein, 1C|This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013] |
| CORO1A | coronin, actin binding protein, 1A|This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been defined on chromosome 16. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| SLC23A2 | solute carrier family 23 (ascorbic acid transporter), member 2|The absorption of vitamin C into the body and its distribution to organs requires two sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters. This gene encodes one of the two required transporters and the encoded protein accounts for tissue-specific uptake of vitamin C. Previously, this gene had an official symbol of SLC23A1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RING1 | ring finger protein 1|This gene belongs to the RING finger family, members of which encode proteins characterized by a RING domain, a zinc-binding motif related to the zinc finger domain. The gene product can bind DNA and can act as a transcriptional repressor. It is associated with the multimeric polycomb group protein complex. The gene product interacts with the polycomb group proteins BMI1, EDR1, and CBX4, and colocalizes with these proteins in large nuclear domains. It interacts with the CBX4 protein via its glycine-rich C-terminal domain. The gene maps to the HLA class II region, where it is contiguous with the RING finger genes FABGL and HKE4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC5A9 | solute carrier family 5 (sodium/sugar cotransporter), member 9| |
| MOXD1 | monooxygenase, DBH-like 1| |
| PIN1 | peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1|Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases) catalyze the cis/trans isomerization of peptidyl-prolyl peptide bonds. This gene encodes one of the PPIases, which specifically binds to phosphorylated ser/thr-pro motifs to catalytically regulate the post-phosphorylation conformation of its substrates. The conformational regulation catalyzed by this PPIase has a profound impact on key proteins involved in the regulation of cell growth, genotoxic and other stress responses, the immune response, induction and maintenance of pluripotency, germ cell development, neuronal differentiation, and survival. This enzyme also plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and many cancers. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| MID2 | midline 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to microtubular structures in the cytoplasm. Alternate splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| MID1 | midline 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family, also known as the 'RING-B box-coiled coil' (RBCC) subgroup of RING finger proteins. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This protein forms homodimers which associate with microtubules in the cytoplasm. The protein is likely involved in the formation of multiprotein structures acting as anchor points to microtubules. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the X-linked form of Opitz syndrome, which is characterized by midline abnormalities such as cleft lip, laryngeal cleft, heart defects, hypospadias, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. This gene was also the first example of a gene subject to X inactivation in human while escaping it in mouse. Multiple different transcript variants are generated by alternate splicing; however, the full-length nature of some of the variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| DCPS | decapping enzyme, scavenger| |
| SMOX | spermine oxidase|Polyamines are ubiquitous polycationic alkylamines which include spermine, spermidine, putrescine, and agmatine. These molecules participate in a broad range of cellular functions which include cell cycle modulation, scavenging reactive oxygen species, and the control of gene expression. These molecules also play important roles in neurotransmission through their regulation of cell-surface receptor activity, involvement in intracellular signalling pathways, and their putative roles as neurotransmitters. This gene encodes an FAD-containing enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of spermine to spermadine and secondarily produces hydrogen peroxide. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoenzymes have been identified for this gene, some of which have failed to demonstrate significant oxidase activity on natural polyamine substrates. The characterized isoenzymes have distinctive biochemical characteristics and substrate specificities, suggesting the existence of additional levels of complexity in polyamine catabolism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| WASF2 | WAS protein family, member 2|This gene encodes a member of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family. The gene product is a protein that forms a multiprotein complex that links receptor kinases and actin. Binding to actin occurs through a C-terminal verprolin homology domain in all family members. The multiprotein complex serves to tranduce signals that involve changes in cell shape, motility or function. The published map location (PMID:10381382) has been changed based on recent genomic sequence comparisons, which indicate that the expressed gene is located on chromosome 1, and a pseudogene may be located on chromosome X. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| WASF3 | WAS protein family, member 3|This gene encodes a member of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family. The gene product is a protein that forms a multiprotein complex that links receptor kinases and actin. Binding to actin occurs through a C-terminal verprolin homology domain in all family members. The multiprotein complex serves to tranduce signals that involve changes in cell shape, motility or function. A pseudogene of this gene have been defined on chromosome 6. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| FAS | Fas cell surface death receptor|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor contains a death domain. It has been shown to play a central role in the physiological regulation of programmed cell death, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various malignancies and diseases of the immune system. The interaction of this receptor with its ligand allows the formation of a death-inducing signaling complex that includes Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), caspase 8, and caspase 10. The autoproteolytic processing of the caspases in the complex triggers a downstream caspase cascade, and leads to apoptosis. This receptor has been also shown to activate NF-kappaB, MAPK3/ERK1, and MAPK8/JNK, and is found to be involved in transducing the proliferating signals in normal diploid fibroblast and T cells. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, some of which are candidates for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). The isoforms lacking the transmembrane domain may negatively regulate the apoptosis mediated by the full length isoform. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| FAP | fibroblast activation protein, alpha|The protein encoded by this gene is a homodimeric integral membrane gelatinase belonging to the serine protease family. It is selectively expressed in reactive stromal fibroblasts of epithelial cancers, granulation tissue of healing wounds, and malignant cells of bone and soft tissue sarcomas. This protein is thought to be involved in the control of fibroblast growth or epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during development, tissue repair, and epithelial carcinogenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| NPAS4 | neuronal PAS domain protein 4|NXF is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix-PER (MIM 602260)-ARNT (MIM 126110)-SIM (see SIM2; MIM 600892) (bHLH-PAS) class of transcriptional regulators, which are involved in a wide range of physiologic and developmental events (Ooe et al., 2004 [PubMed 14701734]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| NPAS3 | neuronal PAS domain protein 3|This gene encodes a member of the basic helix-loop-helix and PAS domain-containing family of transcription factors. The encoded protein is localized to the nucleus and may regulate genes involved in neurogenesis. Chromosomal abnormalities that affect the coding potential of this gene are associated with schizophrenia and mental retardation. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| PTHLH | parathyroid hormone-like hormone|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the parathyroid hormone family. This hormone, via its receptor, PTHR1, regulates endochondral bone development and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during the formation of the mammary glands and teeth. It is responsible for most cases of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy, and mutations in this gene are associated with brachydactyly type E2 (BDE2). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. There is also evidence for alternative translation initiation from non-AUG (CUG and GUG) start sites, downstream of the initiator AUG codon, resulting in nuclear forms of this hormone. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| NPAS1 | neuronal PAS domain protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-PAS family of transcription factors. Studies of a related mouse gene suggest that it functions in neurons. The exact function of this gene is unclear, but it may play protective or modulatory roles during late embryogenesis and postnatal development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAU | Finkel-Biskis-Reilly murine sarcoma virus (FBR-MuSV) ubiquitously expressed|This gene is the cellular homolog of the fox sequence in the Finkel-Biskis-Reilly murine sarcoma virus (FBR-MuSV). It encodes a fusion protein consisting of the ubiquitin-like protein fubi at the N terminus and ribosomal protein S30 at the C terminus. It has been proposed that the fusion protein is post-translationally processed to generate free fubi and free ribosomal protein S30. Fubi is a member of the ubiquitin family, and ribosomal protein S30 belongs to the S30E family of ribosomal proteins. Whereas the function of fubi is currently unknown, ribosomal protein S30 is a component of the 40S subunit of the cytoplasmic ribosome and displays antimicrobial activity. Pseudogenes derived from this gene are present in the genome. Similar to ribosomal protein S30, ribosomal proteins S27a and L40 are synthesized as fusion proteins with ubiquitin. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| FAH | fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (fumarylacetoacetase)|This gene encodes the last enzyme in the tyrosine catabolism pathway. FAH deficiency is associated with Type 1 hereditary tyrosinemia (HT). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LLPH | LLP homolog, long-term synaptic facilitation (Aplysia)| |
| HNRNPA2B1 | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1|This gene belongs to the A/B subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene has two repeats of quasi-RRM domains that bind to RNAs. This gene has been described to generate two alternatively spliced transcript variants which encode different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIM9 | tripartite motif containing 9|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to cytoplasmic bodies. Its function has not been identified. Alternate splicing of this gene generates two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HS3ST3B1 | heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 3B1|The protein encoded by this gene is a type II integral membrane protein that belongs to the 3-O-sulfotransferases family. These proteins catalyze the addition of sulfate groups at the 3-OH position of glucosamine in heparan sulfate. The substrate specificity of individual members of the family is based on prior modification of the heparan sulfate chain, thus allowing different members of the family to generate binding sites for different proteins on the same heparan sulfate chain. Following treatment with a histone deacetylase inhibitor, expression of this gene is activated in a pancreatic cell line. The increased expression results in promotion of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In addition, the modification catalyzed by this protein allows herpes simplex virus membrane fusion and penetration. A very closely related homolog with an almost identical sulfotransferase domain maps less than 1 Mb away. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| DCP2 | decapping mRNA 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a key component of an mRNA-decapping complex required for degradation of mRNAs, both in normal mRNA turnover, and in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). It removes the 7-methyl guanine cap structure from mRNA, prior to its degradation from the 5' end. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| AMY2A | amylase, alpha 2A (pancreatic)|This gene encodes a member of the alpha-amylase family of proteins. Amylases are secreted proteins that hydrolyze 1,4-alpha-glucoside bonds in oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, catalyzing the first step in digestion of dietary starch and glycogen. This gene and several family members are present in a gene cluster on chromosome 1. This gene encodes an amylase isoenzyme produced by the pancreas. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| AMY2B | amylase, alpha 2B (pancreatic)|Amylases are secreted proteins that hydrolyze 1,4-alpha-glucoside bonds in oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, and thus catalyze the first step in digestion of dietary starch and glycogen. The human genome has a cluster of several amylase genes that are expressed at high levels in either salivary gland or pancreas. This gene encodes an amylase isoenzyme produced by the pancreas. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| TTC34 | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 34| |
| PIP5K1C | phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, gamma|This locus encodes a type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase. The encoded protein catalyzes phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, producing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. This enzyme is found at synapses and has been found to play roles in endocytosis and cell migration. Mutations at this locus have been associated with lethal congenital contractural syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| AP4E1 | adaptor-related protein complex 4, epsilon 1 subunit|This gene encodes a member of the adaptor complexes large subunit protein family. These proteins are components of the heterotetrameric adaptor protein complexes, which play important roles in the secretory and endocytic pathways by mediating vesicle formation and sorting of integral membrane proteins. The encoded protein is a large subunit of adaptor protein complex-4, which is associated with both clathrin- and nonclathrin-coated vesicles. Disruption of this gene may be associated with cerebral palsy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| CACNG2 | calcium channel, voltage-dependent, gamma subunit 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a type I transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein (TARP). TARPs regulate both trafficking and channel gating of the AMPA receptors. This gene is part of a functionally diverse eight-member protein subfamily of the PMP-22/EMP/MP20 family. This gene is a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| LZIC | leucine zipper and CTNNBIP1 domain containing| |
| MIDN | midnolin| |
| TSEN34 | TSEN34 tRNA splicing endonuclease subunit|This gene encodes a catalytic subunit of the tRNA splicing endonuclease, which catalyzes the removal of introns from precursor tRNAs. The endonuclease complex is also associated with a pre-mRNA 3-prime end processing factor. A mutation in this gene results in the neurological disorder pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| SNRNP40 | small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 40kDa (U5)|This gene encodes a component of the U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particle. The U5 snRNP is part of the spliceosome, a multiprotein complex that catalyzes the removal of introns from pre-messenger RNAs. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAVER2 | ribonucleoprotein, PTB-binding 2| |
| TSPAN3 | tetraspanin 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. The use of alternate polyadenylation sites has been found for this gene. Multiple alternative transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| NAA50 | N(alpha)-acetyltransferase 50, NatE catalytic subunit| |
| PIP5K1B | phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, beta| |
| PURB | purine-rich element binding protein B|This gene product is a sequence-specific, single-stranded DNA-binding protein. It binds preferentially to the single strand of the purine-rich element termed PUR, which is present at origins of replication and in gene flanking regions in a variety of eukaryotes from yeasts through humans. Thus, it is implicated in the control of both DNA replication and transcription. Deletion of this gene has been associated with myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PURA | purine-rich element binding protein A|This gene product is a sequence-specific, single-stranded DNA-binding protein. It binds preferentially to the single strand of the purine-rich element termed PUR, which is present at origins of replication and in gene flanking regions in a variety of eukaryotes from yeasts through humans. Thus, it is implicated in the control of both DNA replication and transcription. Deletion of this gene has been associated with myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PURG | purine-rich element binding protein G|The exact function of this gene is not known, however, its encoded product is highly similar to purine-rich element binding protein A. The latter is a DNA-binding protein which binds preferentially to the single strand of the purine-rich element termed PUR, and has been implicated in the control of both DNA replication and transcription. This gene lies in close proximity to the Werner syndrome gene, but on the opposite strand, on chromosome 8p11. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CFDP1 | craniofacial development protein 1| |
| LHX8 | LIM homeobox 8|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the LIM homeobox family of proteins, which are involved in patterning and differentiation of various tissue types. These proteins contain two tandemly repeated cysteine-rich double-zinc finger motifs known as LIM domains, in addition to a DNA-binding homeodomain. This family member is a transcription factor that plays a role in tooth morphogenesis. It is also involved in oogenesis and in neuronal differentiation. This gene is a candidate gene for cleft palate, and it is also associated with odontoma formation. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| ATF6B | activating transcription factor 6 beta|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor in the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway during ER stress. Either as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with ATF6-alpha, the encoded protein binds to the ER stress response element, interacting with nuclear transcription factor Y to activate UPR target genes. The protein is normally found in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum; however, under ER stress, the N-terminal cytoplasmic domain is cleaved from the rest of the protein and translocates to the nucleus. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| C14orf142 | chromosome 14 open reading frame 142| |
| HECTD2 | HECT domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2| |
| HECTD3 | HECT domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 3|The protein encoded by this gene transfers ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme to targeted substrates, leading to the degradation of those substrates. The encoded protein has been shown to transfer ubiquitin to TRIOBP to facilitate cell cycle progression, and to STX8. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| NOP56 | NOP56 ribonucleoprotein|Nop56p is a yeast nucleolar protein that is part of a complex with the nucleolar proteins Nop58p and fibrillarin. Nop56p is required for assembly of the 60S ribosomal subunit and is involved in pre-rRNA processing. The protein encoded by this gene is similar in sequence to Nop56p and is also found in the nucleolus. Multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature of most of them has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| MAN2B2 | mannosidase, alpha, class 2B, member 2| |
| HELZ2 | helicase with zinc finger 2, transcriptional coactivator|The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear transcriptional co-activator for peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha. The encoded protein contains a zinc finger and is a helicase that appears to be part of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha interacting complex. This gene is a member of the DNA2/NAM7 helicase gene family. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HECTD4 | HECT domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 4| |
| MAN2B1 | mannosidase, alpha, class 2B, member 1|This gene encodes an enzyme that hydrolyzes terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-mannose residues in alpha-D-mannosides. Its activity is necessary for the catabolism of N-linked carbohydrates released during glycoprotein turnover and it is member of family 38 of glycosyl hydrolases. The full length protein is processed in two steps. First, a 49 aa leader sequence is cleaved off and the remainder of the protein is processed into 3 peptides of 70 kDa, 42 kDa (D) and 13/15 kDa (E). Next, the 70 kDa peptide is further processed into three peptides (A, B and C). The A, B and C peptides are disulfide-linked. Defects in this gene have been associated with lysosomal alpha-mannosidosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| AHSG | alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein|Alpha2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG), a glycoprotein present in the serum, is synthesized by hepatocytes. The AHSG molecule consists of two polypeptide chains, which are both cleaved from a proprotein encoded from a single mRNA. It is involved in several functions, such as endocytosis, brain development and the formation of bone tissue. The protein is commonly present in the cortical plate of the immature cerebral cortex and bone marrow hemopoietic matrix, and it has therefore been postulated that it participates in the development of the tissues. However, its exact significance is still obscure. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCS | copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase|Copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase specifically delivers Cu to copper/zinc superoxide dismutase and may activate copper/zinc superoxide dismutase through direct insertion of the Cu cofactor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LZTFL1 | leucine zipper transcription factor-like 1|This gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed protein that localizes to the cytoplasm. This protein interacts with Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) proteins and, through its interaction with BBS protein complexes, regulates protein trafficking to the ciliary membrane. Nonsense mutations in this gene cause a form of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome; a ciliopathy characterized in part by polydactyly, obesity, cognitive impairment, hypogonadism, and kidney failure. This gene may also function as a tumor suppressor; possibly by interacting with E-cadherin and the actin cytoskeleton and thereby regulating the transition of epithelial cells to mesenchymal cells. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013] |
| CCDC28B | coiled-coil domain containing 28B|The product of this gene localizes to centrosomes and basal bodies. The protein colocalizes with several proteins associated with Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) and participates in the regulation of cilia development. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| OAT | ornithine aminotransferase|This gene encodes the mitochondrial enzyme ornithine aminotransferase, which is a key enzyme in the pathway that converts arginine and ornithine into the major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA. Mutations that result in a deficiency of this enzyme cause the autosomal recessive eye disease Gyrate Atrophy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. Related pseudogenes have been defined on the X chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| CCK | cholecystokinin|Cholecystokinin is a brain/gut peptide. In the gut, it induces the release of pancreatic enzymes and the contraction of the gallbladder. In the brain, its physiologic role is unclear. The cholecystokinin pro-hormone is processed by endo- and exo-proteolytic cleavages. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| ADAD2 | adenosine deaminase domain containing 2| |
| TSPAN9 | tetraspanin 9|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. Alternatively spliced transcripts encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| FSTL4 | follistatin-like 4| |
| OR5A1 | olfactory receptor, family 5, subfamily A, member 1|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FSTL3 | follistatin-like 3 (secreted glycoprotein)|Follistatin-like 3 is a secreted glycoprotein of the follistatin-module-protein family. It may have a role in leukemogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TDP1 | tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is involved in repairing stalled topoisomerase I-DNA complexes by catalyzing the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond between the tyrosine residue of topoisomerase I and the 3-prime phosphate of DNA. This protein may also remove glycolate from single-stranded DNA containing 3-prime phosphoglycolate, suggesting a role in repair of free-radical mediated DNA double-strand breaks. This gene is a member of the phospholipase D family and contains two PLD phosphodiesterase domains. Mutations in this gene are associated with the disease spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy (SCAN1). While several transcript variants may exist for this gene, the full-length natures of only two have been described to date. These two represent the major variants of this gene and encode the same isoform. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PDE7A | phosphodiesterase 7A|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) family, and PDE7 subfamily. This PDE hydrolyzes the second messenger, cAMP, which is a regulator and mediator of a number of cellular responses to extracellular signals. Thus, by regulating the cellular concentration of cAMP, this protein plays a key role in many important physiological processes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| NCAPH2 | non-SMC condensin II complex, subunit H2|This gene encodes one of the non-SMC subunits of the condensin II complex. This complex plays an essential role in mitotic chromosome assembly. Alternate splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| TPPP3 | tubulin polymerization-promoting protein family member 3| |
| PDE7B | phosphodiesterase 7B|The 3',5'-cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP function as second messengers in a wide variety of signal transduction pathways. 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) catalyze the hydrolysis of cAMP and cGMP to the corresponding 5'-monophosphates and provide a mechanism to downregulate cAMP and cGMP signaling. This gene encodes a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase, a member of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| FLII | flightless I homolog (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a protein with a gelsolin-like actin binding domain and an N-terminal leucine-rich repeat-protein protein interaction domain. The protein is similar to a Drosophila protein involved in early embryogenesis and the structural organization of indirect flight muscle. The gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TDP2 | tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2|This gene encodes a member of a superfamily of divalent cation-dependent phosphodiesterases. The encoded protein associates with CD40, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-75 and TNF receptor associated factors (TRAFs), and inhibits nuclear factor-kappa-B activation. This protein has sequence and structural similarities with APE1 endonuclease, which is involved in both DNA repair and the activation of transcription factors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PIP | prolactin-induced protein| |
| PIR | pirin (iron-binding nuclear protein)|This gene encodes a member of the cupin superfamily. The encoded protein is an Fe(II)-containing nuclear protein expressed in all tissues of the body and concentrated within dot-like subnuclear structures. Interactions with nuclear factor I/CCAAT box transcription factor as well as B cell lymphoma 3-encoded oncoprotein suggest the encoded protein may act as a transcriptional cofactor and be involved in the regulation of DNA transcription and replication. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RALGAPA1 | Ral GTPase activating protein, alpha subunit 1 (catalytic)| |
| RALGAPA2 | Ral GTPase activating protein, alpha subunit 2 (catalytic)| |
| COG8 | component of oligomeric golgi complex 8|This gene encodes a protein that is a component of the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, a multiprotein complex that plays a structural role in the Golgi apparatus, and is involved in intracellular membrane trafficking and glycoprotein modification. Mutations in this gene cause congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIh, a disease that is characterized by under-glycosylated serum proteins, and whose symptoms include severe psychomotor retardation, failure to thrive, seizures, and dairy and wheat product intolerance. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NUF2 | NUF2, NDC80 kinetochore complex component|This gene encodes a protein that is highly similar to yeast Nuf2, a component of a conserved protein complex associated with the centromere. Yeast Nuf2 disappears from the centromere during meiotic prophase when centromeres lose their connection to the spindle pole body, and plays a regulatory role in chromosome segregation. The encoded protein is found to be associated with centromeres of mitotic HeLa cells, which suggests that this protein is a functional homolog of yeast Nuf2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode the same protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COG3 | component of oligomeric golgi complex 3|This gene encodes a component of the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex which is composed of eight different subunits and is required for normal Golgi morphology and localization. Defects in the COG complex result in multiple deficiencies in protein glycosylation. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in ER-Golgi transport.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| COG2 | component of oligomeric golgi complex 2|This gene encodes a subunit of the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex that is required for maintaining normal structure and activity of the Golgi complex. The encoded protein specifically interacts with the USO1 vesicle docking protein and may be necessary for normal Golgi ribbon formation and trafficking of Golgi enzymes. Mutations of this gene are associated with abnormal glycosylation within the Golgi apparatus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| COG1 | component of oligomeric golgi complex 1|The protein encoded by this gene is one of eight proteins (Cog1-8) which form a Golgi-localized complex (COG) required for normal Golgi morphology and function. It is thought that this protein is required for steps in the normal medial and trans Golgi-associated processing of glycoconjugates and plays a role in the organization of the Golgi-localized complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CHTOP | chromatin target of PRMT1|This gene encodes a small nuclear protein that is characterized by a arginine and glycine rich region. The encoded protein may be involved in cell cycle progression. This protein interacts with protein arginine methyltransferases and plays a role in the activation of estradiol-dependent transcription. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| FLI1 | Fli-1 proto-oncogene, ETS transcription factor|This gene encodes a transcription factor containing an ETS DNA-binding domain. The gene can undergo a t(11;22)(q24;q12) translocation with the Ewing sarcoma gene on chromosome 22, which results in a fusion gene that is present in the majority of Ewing sarcoma cases. An acute lymphoblastic leukemia-associated t(4;11)(q21;q23) translocation involving this gene has also been identified. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| COG6 | component of oligomeric golgi complex 6|This gene encodes a subunit of the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex that is required for maintaining normal structure and activity of the Golgi apparatus. The encoded protein is organized with conserved oligomeric Golgi complex components 5, 7 and 8 into a sub-complex referred to as lobe B. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| COG5 | component of oligomeric golgi complex 5|The protein encoded by this gene is one of eight proteins (Cog1-8) which form a Golgi-localized complex (COG) required for normal Golgi morphology and function. The encoded protein is organized with conserved oligomeric Golgi complex components 6, 7 and 8 into a sub-complex referred to as lobe B. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Mutations in this gene result in congenital disorder of glycosylation type 2I.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| COG4 | component of oligomeric golgi complex 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of an oligomeric protein complex involved in the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus. Defects in this gene may be a cause of congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIj. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| C12orf49 | chromosome 12 open reading frame 49| |
| IGHMBP2 | immunoglobulin mu binding protein 2|This gene encodes a helicase superfamily member that binds a specific DNA sequence from the immunoglobulin mu chain switch region. Mutations in this gene lead to spinal muscle atrophy with respiratory distress type 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TIMM10B | translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 10 homolog B (yeast)|FXC1, or TIMM10B, belongs to a family of evolutionarily conserved proteins that are organized in heterooligomeric complexes in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. These proteins mediate the import and insertion of hydrophobic membrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| GPR22 | G protein-coupled receptor 22|This gene is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family and encodes a multi-pass membrane protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF440 | zinc finger protein 440| |
| C12orf43 | chromosome 12 open reading frame 43| |
| PI3 | peptidase inhibitor 3, skin-derived|This gene encodes an elastase-specific inhibitor that functions as an antimicrobial peptide against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and fungal pathogens. The protein contains a WAP-type four-disulfide core (WFDC) domain, and is thus a member of the WFDC domain family. Most WFDC gene members are localized to chromosome 20q12-q13 in two clusters: centromeric and telomeric. This gene belongs to the centromeric cluster. Expression of this gene is upgulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides and cytokines. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| C12orf45 | chromosome 12 open reading frame 45| |
| GPR25 | G protein-coupled receptor 25|This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. G-protein coupled receptors are membrane proteins which activate signaling cascades as a response to extracellular stress. This gene has been linked to arterial stiffness. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| KCNMB1 | potassium channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1|MaxiK channels are large conductance, voltage and calcium-sensitive potassium channels which are fundamental to the control of smooth muscle tone and neuronal excitability. MaxiK channels can be formed by 2 subunits: the pore-forming alpha subunit and the product of this gene, the modulatory beta subunit. Intracellular calcium regulates the physical association between the alpha and beta subunits. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NFAT5 | nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5, tonicity-responsive|The product of this gene is a member of the nuclear factors of activated T cells family of transcription factors. Proteins belonging to this family play a central role in inducible gene transcription during the immune response. This protein regulates gene expression induced by osmotic stress in mammalian cells. Unlike monomeric members of this protein family, this protein exists as a homodimer and forms stable dimers with DNA elements. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNMB3 | potassium channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 3|MaxiK channels are large conductance, voltage and calcium-sensitive potassium channels which are fundamental to the control of smooth muscle tone and neuronal excitability. MaxiK channels can be formed by 2 subunits: the pore-forming alpha subunit and the modulatory beta subunit. The protein encoded by this gene is an auxiliary beta subunit which may partially inactivate or slightly decrease the activation time of MaxiK alpha subunit currents. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 22. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| KCNMB2 | potassium channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2|MaxiK channels are large conductance, voltage and calcium-sensitive potassium channels which are fundamental to the control of smooth muscle tone and neuronal excitability. MaxiK channels can be formed by 2 subunits: the pore-forming alpha subunit and the modulatory beta subunit. The protein encoded by this gene is an auxiliary beta subunit which decreases the activation time of MaxiK alpha subunit currents. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. Additional variants are discussed in the literature, but their full length nature has not been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| PNCK | pregnancy up-regulated nonubiquitous CaM kinase|PNCK is a member of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase family of protein serine/threonine kinases (see CAMK1; MIM 604998) (Gardner et al., 2000 [PubMed 10673339]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CSPG4 | chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4|A human melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan plays a role in stabilizing cell-substratum interactions during early events of melanoma cell spreading on endothelial basement membranes. CSPG4 represents an integral membrane chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expressed by human malignant melanoma cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF443 | zinc finger protein 443|Zinc finger proteins (ZNFs) bind DNA and, through this binding, regulate gene transcription. Most ZNFs contain conserved C2H2 motifs and are classified as Kruppel-type zinc fingers. For a general description of these proteins, see ZNF91 (MIM 603971).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002] |
| GSK3A | glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha|This gene encodes a multifunctional Ser/Thr protein kinase that is implicated in the control of several regulatory proteins including glycogen synthase, and transcription factors, such as JUN. It also plays a role in the WNT and PI3K signaling pathways, as well as regulates the production of beta-amyloid peptides associated with Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| YWHAG | tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, gamma|This gene product belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins which mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals, and this protein is 100% identical to the rat ortholog. It is induced by growth factors in human vascular smooth muscle cells, and is also highly expressed in skeletal and heart muscles, suggesting an important role for this protein in muscle tissue. It has been shown to interact with RAF1 and protein kinase C, proteins involved in various signal transduction pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UBD | ubiquitin D| |
| MSTO1 | misato 1, mitochondrial distribution and morphology regulator| |
| UBB | ubiquitin B|This gene encodes ubiquitin, one of the most conserved proteins known. Ubiquitin has a major role in targeting cellular proteins for degradation by the 26S proteosome. It is also involved in the maintenance of chromatin structure, the regulation of gene expression, and the stress response. Ubiquitin is synthesized as a precursor protein consisting of either polyubiquitin chains or a single ubiquitin moiety fused to an unrelated protein. This gene consists of three direct repeats of the ubiquitin coding sequence with no spacer sequence. Consequently, the protein is expressed as a polyubiquitin precursor with a final amino acid after the last repeat. An aberrant form of this protein has been detected in patients with Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 1, 2, 13, and 17. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| UBC | ubiquitin C|This gene represents a ubiquitin gene, ubiquitin C. The encoded protein is a polyubiquitin precursor. Conjugation of ubiquitin monomers or polymers can lead to various effects within a cell, depending on the residues to which ubiquitin is conjugated. Ubiquitination has been associated with protein degradation, DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, kinase modification, endocytosis, and regulation of other cell signaling pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| CFTR | cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ATP-binding cassette sub-family C, member 7)|This gene encodes a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MRP subfamily that is involved in multi-drug resistance. The encoded protein functions as a chloride channel and controls the regulation of other transport pathways. Mutations in this gene are associated with the autosomal recessive disorders cystic fibrosis and congenital bilateral aplasia of the vas deferens. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, many of which result from mutations in this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANKRD52 | ankyrin repeat domain 52| |
| ANKRD53 | ankyrin repeat domain 53| |
| ANKRD50 | ankyrin repeat domain 50| |
| SCGB2A2 | secretoglobin, family 2A, member 2| |
| PATE3 | prostate and testis expressed 3| |
| ANKRD55 | ankyrin repeat domain 55| |
| POC5 | POC5 centriolar protein| |
| MAP3K7CL | MAP3K7 C-terminal like| |
| SPECC1L | sperm antigen with calponin homology and coiled-coil domains 1-like|This gene encodes a coiled-coil domain containing protein. The encoded protein may play a critical role in actin-cytoskeletal reorganization during facial morphogenesis. Mutations in this gene are a cause of oblique facial clefting-1. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. A read-through transcript composed of SPECC1L (sperm antigen with calponin homology and coiled-coil domains 1-like) and the downstream ADORA2A (adenosine A2a receptor) gene sequence has been identified, but it is thought to be non-coding. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| ZNF839 | zinc finger protein 839| |
| AKR1A1 | aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)|This gene encodes a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and proteins. This member, also known as aldehyde reductase, is involved in the reduction of biogenic and xenobiotic aldehydes and is present in virtually every tissue. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene exist, all encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| EPT1 | ethanolaminephosphotransferase 1|This gene encodes a selenoprotein, which contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue at its active site. The selenocysteine is encoded by the UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTR of selenoprotein genes have a common stem-loop structure, the sec insertion sequence (SECIS), that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CHP2 | calcineurin-like EF-hand protein 2|This gene product is a small calcium-binding protein that regulates cell pH by controlling plasma membrane-type Na+/H+ exchange activity. This protein shares sequence similarity with calcineurin B and can bind to and stimulate the protein phosphatase activity of calcineurin A (CnA) and functions in the calcineurin/NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) signaling pathway. Another member of the CHP subfamily, Calcineurin B homologous protein 1, is located on Chromosome 15 and is an inhibitor of calcineurin activity and has a genetic phenotype associated with Parkinson's Disease (OMIM:606988). This gene was initially identified as a tumor-associated antigen and was previously referred to as Hepatocellular carcinoma-associated antigen 520. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| ATAD3C | ATPase family, AAA domain containing 3C| |
| NPRL3 | nitrogen permease regulator-like 3 (S. cerevisiae)|The function of the encoded protein is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| NPRL2 | nitrogen permease regulator-like 2 (S. cerevisiae)| |
| PLXNB2 | plexin B2|Members of the B class of plexins, such as PLXNB2 are transmembrane receptors that participate in axon guidance and cell migration in response to semaphorins (Perrot et al. (2002) [PubMed 12183458]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| AMH | anti-Mullerian hormone|Anti-Mullerian hormone is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta gene family which mediates male sexual differentiation. Anti-Mullerian hormone causes the regression of Mullerian ducts which would otherwise differentiate into the uterus and fallopian tubes. Some mutations in the anti-Mullerian hormone result in persistent Mullerian duct syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KBTBD4 | kelch repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 4| |
| KBTBD3 | kelch repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 3| |
| KBTBD2 | kelch repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 2| |
| AMN | amnion associated transmembrane protein|The protein encoded by this gene is a type I transmembrane protein. It is thought to modulate bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor function by serving as an accessory or coreceptor, and thus facilitates or hinders BMP binding. It is known that the mouse AMN gene is expressed in the extraembryonic visceral endoderm layer during gastrulation, but it is found to be mutated in amnionless mouse. The encoded protein has sequence similarity to short gastrulation (Sog) and procollagen IIA proteins in Drosophila. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZBTB4 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 4| |
| MEFV | Mediterranean fever|This gene encodes a protein, also known as pyrin or marenostrin, that is an important modulator of innate immunity. Mutations in this gene are associated with Mediterranean fever, a hereditary periodic fever syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KBTBD8 | kelch repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 8| |
| PCBP4 | poly(rC) binding protein 4|This gene encodes a member of the KH-domain protein subfamily. Proteins of this subfamily, also referred to as alpha-CPs, bind to RNA with a specificity for C-rich pyrimidine regions. Alpha-CPs play important roles in post-transcriptional activities and have different cellular distributions. This gene is induced by the p53 tumor suppressor, and the encoded protein can suppress cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G(2)-M. This gene's protein is found in the cytoplasm, yet it lacks the nuclear localization signals found in other subfamily members. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but the full-length nature for only some has been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| L3MBTL2 | l(3)mbt-like 2 (Drosophila)| |
| PCBP2 | poly(rC) binding protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene appears to be multifunctional. Along with PCBP-1 and hnRNPK, it is one of the major cellular poly(rC)-binding proteins. The encoded protein contains three K-homologous (KH) domains which may be involved in RNA binding. Together with PCBP-1, this protein also functions as a translational coactivator of poliovirus RNA via a sequence-specific interaction with stem-loop IV of the IRES, promoting poliovirus RNA replication by binding to its 5'-terminal cloverleaf structure. It has also been implicated in translational control of the 15-lipoxygenase mRNA, human papillomavirus type 16 L2 mRNA, and hepatitis A virus RNA. The encoded protein is also suggested to play a part in formation of a sequence-specific alpha-globin mRNP complex which is associated with alpha-globin mRNA stability. This multiexon structural mRNA is thought to be retrotransposed to generate PCBP-1, an intronless gene with functions similar to that of PCBP2. This gene and PCBP-1 have paralogous genes (PCBP3 and PCBP4) which are thought to have arisen as a result of duplication events of entire genes. Thsi gene also has two processed pseudogenes (PCBP2P1 and PCBP2P2). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCBP3 | poly(rC) binding protein 3|This gene encodes a member of the KH-domain protein subfamily. Proteins of this subfamily, also referred to as alpha-CPs, bind to RNA with a specificity for C-rich pyrimidine regions. Alpha-CPs play important roles in post-transcriptional activities and have different cellular distributions. This gene's protein is found in the cytoplasm, yet it lacks the nuclear localization signals found in other subfamily members. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCBP1 | poly(rC) binding protein 1|This intronless gene is thought to have been generated by retrotransposition of a fully processed PCBP-2 mRNA. This gene and PCBP-2 have paralogues (PCBP3 and PCBP4) which are thought to have arisen as a result of duplication events of entire genes. The protein encoded by this gene appears to be multifunctional. It along with PCBP-2 and hnRNPK corresponds to the major cellular poly(rC)-binding protein. It contains three K-homologous (KH) domains which may be involved in RNA binding. This encoded protein together with PCBP-2 also functions as translational coactivators of poliovirus RNA via a sequence-specific interaction with stem-loop IV of the IRES and promote poliovirus RNA replication by binding to its 5'-terminal cloverleaf structure. It has also been implicated in translational control of the 15-lipoxygenase mRNA, human Papillomavirus type 16 L2 mRNA, and hepatitis A virus RNA. The encoded protein is also suggested to play a part in formation of a sequence-specific alpha-globin mRNP complex which is associated with alpha-globin mRNA stability. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNF220 | ring finger protein 220| |
| RNF222 | ring finger protein 222| |
| LZTS2 | leucine zipper, putative tumor suppressor 2| |
| AMT | aminomethyltransferase|This gene encodes one of four critical components of the glycine cleavage system. Mutations in this gene have been associated with glycine encephalopathy. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| LZTS1 | leucine zipper, putative tumor suppressor 1|This gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein that is ubiquitously expressed in normal tissues. In uveal melanomas, expression of this protein is silenced in rapidly metastasizing and metastatic tumor cells but has normal expression in slowly metastasizing or nonmetastasizing tumor cells. This protein may have a role in cell-cycle control by interacting with the Cdk1/cyclinB1 complex. This gene is located on chromosomal region 8p22. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the 8p arm is a common characteristic of many types of cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| SIRT3 | sirtuin 3|This gene encodes a member of the sirtuin family of proteins, homologs to the yeast Sir2 protein. Members of the sirtuin family are characterized by a sirtuin core domain and grouped into four classes. The functions of human sirtuins have not yet been determined; however, yeast sirtuin proteins are known to regulate epigenetic gene silencing and suppress recombination of rDNA. Studies suggest that the human sirtuins may function as intracellular regulatory proteins with mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. The protein encoded by this gene is included in class I of the sirtuin family. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different proteins have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SIRT2 | sirtuin 2|This gene encodes a member of the sirtuin family of proteins, homologs to the yeast Sir2 protein. Members of the sirtuin family are characterized by a sirtuin core domain and grouped into four classes. The functions of human sirtuins have not yet been determined; however, yeast sirtuin proteins are known to regulate epigenetic gene silencing and suppress recombination of rDNA. Studies suggest that the human sirtuins may function as intracellular regulatory proteins with mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. The protein encoded by this gene is included in class I of the sirtuin family. Several transcript variants are resulted from alternative splicing of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| SIRT1 | sirtuin 1|This gene encodes a member of the sirtuin family of proteins, homologs to the yeast Sir2 protein. Members of the sirtuin family are characterized by a sirtuin core domain and grouped into four classes. The functions of human sirtuins have not yet been determined; however, yeast sirtuin proteins are known to regulate epigenetic gene silencing and suppress recombination of rDNA. Studies suggest that the human sirtuins may function as intracellular regulatory proteins with mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. The protein encoded by this gene is included in class I of the sirtuin family. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| C1QL3 | complement component 1, q subcomponent-like 3| |
| SIRT7 | sirtuin 7|This gene encodes a member of the sirtuin family of proteins, homologs to the yeast Sir2 protein. Members of the sirtuin family are characterized by a sirtuin core domain and grouped into four classes. The functions of human sirtuins have not yet been determined; however, yeast sirtuin proteins are known to regulate epigenetic gene silencing and suppress recombination of rDNA. Studies suggest that the human sirtuins may function as intracellular regulatory proteins with mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. The protein encoded by this gene is included in class IV of the sirtuin family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RASL11B | RAS-like, family 11, member B|RASL11B is a member of the small GTPase protein family with a high degree of similarity to RAS (see HRAS, MIM 190020) proteins.[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2008] |
| SIRT5 | sirtuin 5|This gene encodes a member of the sirtuin family of proteins, homologs to the yeast Sir2 protein. Members of the sirtuin family are characterized by a sirtuin core domain and grouped into four classes. The functions of human sirtuins have not yet been determined; however, yeast sirtuin proteins are known to regulate epigenetic gene silencing and suppress recombination of rDNA. Studies suggest that the human sirtuins may function as intracellular regulatory proteins with mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. The protein encoded by this gene is included in class III of the sirtuin family. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| SIRT4 | sirtuin 4|This gene encodes a member of the sirtuin family of proteins, homologs to the yeast Sir2 protein. Members of the sirtuin family are characterized by a sirtuin core domain and grouped into four classes. The functions of human sirtuins have not yet been determined; however, yeast sirtuin proteins are known to regulate epigenetic gene silencing and suppress recombination of rDNA. Studies suggest that the human sirtuins may function as intracellular regulatory proteins with mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. The protein encoded by this gene is included in class IV of the sirtuin family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VPS52 | vacuolar protein sorting 52 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a protein that is similar to the yeast suppressor of actin mutations 2 gene. The yeast protein forms a subunit of the tetrameric Golgi-associated retrograde protein complex that is involved in vesicle trafficking from from both early and late endosomes, back to the trans-Golgi network. This gene is located on chromosome 6 in a head-to-head orientation with the gene encoding ribosomal protein S18. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| MED31 | mediator complex subunit 31| |
| CHRM2 | cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2|The muscarinic cholinergic receptors belong to a larger family of G protein-coupled receptors. The functional diversity of these receptors is defined by the binding of acetylcholine to these receptors and includes cellular responses such as adenylate cyclase inhibition, phosphoinositide degeneration, and potassium channel mediation. Muscarinic receptors influence many effects of acetylcholine in the central and peripheral nervous system. The muscarinic cholinergic receptor 2 is involved in mediation of bradycardia and a decrease in cardiac contractility. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RSRC1 | arginine/serine-rich coiled-coil 1|This gene encodes a member of the serine and arginine rich-related protein family. The encoded protein is involved in both constitutive and alternative mRNA splicing. This gene may be associated with schizophrenia. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 9. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| PAK1IP1 | PAK1 interacting protein 1| |
| SERAC1 | serine active site containing 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a phosphatidylglycerol remodeling protein found at the interface of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula, where it mediates phospholipid exchange. The encoded protein plays a major role in mitochondrial function and intracellular cholesterol trafficking. Defects in this gene are a cause of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria with deafness, encephalopathy, and Leigh-like syndrome (MEGDEL). Two transcript variants, one protein-coding and the other non-protein coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| SEZ6L2 | seizure related 6 homolog (mouse)-like 2|This gene encodes a seizure-related protein that is localized on the cell surface. The gene is located in a region of chromosome 16p11.2 that is thought to contain candidate genes for autism spectrum disorders (ASD), though there is no evidence directly implicating this gene in ASD. Increased expression of this gene has been found in lung cancers, and the protein is therefore considered to be a novel prognostic marker for lung cancer. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| FSD1 | fibronectin type III and SPRY domain containing 1|This gene encodes a centrosome associated protein that is characterized by an N-terminal coiled-coil region downstream of B-box (BBC) domain, a central fibronectin type III domain, and a C-terminal repeats in splA and RyR (SPRY) domain. The encoded protein associates with a subset of microtubules and may be involved in the stability and organization of microtubules during cytokinesis. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| SYNGAP1 | synaptic Ras GTPase activating protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a major component of the postsynaptic density (PSD), a group of proteins found associated with NMDA receptors at synapses. The encoded protein is phosphorylated by calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and dephosphorylated by NMDA receptor activation. Defects in this gene are a cause of mental retardation autosomal dominant type 5 (MRD5). [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| FSD2 | fibronectin type III and SPRY domain containing 2|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the FN3/SPRY family of proteins. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| ZMYM3 | zinc finger, MYM-type 3|This gene is located on the X chromosome and is subject to X inactivation. It is highly conserved in vertebrates and most abundantly expressed in the brain. The encoded protein is a component of histone deacetylase-containing multiprotein complexes that function through modifying chromatin structure to keep genes silent. A chromosomal translocation (X;13) involving this gene is associated with X-linked mental retardation. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| FAM91A1 | family with sequence similarity 91, member A1| |
| RBM26 | RNA binding motif protein 26| |
| RBM27 | RNA binding motif protein 27| |
| RBM24 | RNA binding motif protein 24| |
| RBM25 | RNA binding motif protein 25| |
| RBM22 | RNA binding motif protein 22|This gene encodes an RNA binding protein. The encoded protein may play a role in cell division and may be involved in pre-mRNA splicing. Related pseudogenes exist on chromosomes 6, 7, 9, 13, 16, 18, and X. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| RBM23 | RNA binding motif protein 23|This gene encodes a member of the U2AF-like family of RNA binding proteins. This protein interacts with some steroid nuclear receptors, localizes to the promoter of a steroid- responsive gene, and increases transcription of steroid-responsive transcriptional reporters in a hormone-dependent manner. It is also implicated in the steroid receptor-dependent regulation of alternative splicing. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HECW2 | HECT, C2 and WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2| |
| CFL2 | cofilin 2 (muscle)|This gene encodes an intracellular protein that is involved in the regulation of actin-filament dynamics. This protein is a major component of intranuclear and cytoplasmic actin rods. It can bind G- and F-actin in a 1:1 ratio of cofilin to actin, and it reversibly controls actin polymerization and depolymerization in a pH-dependent manner. Mutations in this gene cause nemaline myopathy type 7, a form of congenital myopathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| RBM28 | RNA binding motif protein 28|The protein encoded by this gene is a specific nucleolar component of the spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP)complexes . It specifically associates with U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6 small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), possibly coordinating their transition through the nucleolus. Mutation in this gene causes alopecia, progressive neurological defects, and endocrinopathy (ANE syndrome), a pleiotropic and clinically heterogeneous disorder. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| RFWD2 | ring finger and WD repeat domain 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase| |
| RFWD3 | ring finger and WD repeat domain 3| |
| EPHA8 | EPH receptor A8|This gene encodes a member of the ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein-tyrosine kinase family. EPH and EPH-related receptors have been implicated in mediating developmental events, particularly in the nervous system. Receptors in the EPH subfamily typically have a single kinase domain and an extracellular region containing a Cys-rich domain and 2 fibronectin type III repeats. The ephrin receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands. The protein encoded by this gene functions as a receptor for ephrin A2, A3 and A5 and plays a role in short-range contact-mediated axonal guidance during development of the mammalian nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EPHA7 | EPH receptor A7|This gene belongs to the ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein-tyrosine kinase family. EPH and EPH-related receptors have been implicated in mediating developmental events, particularly in the nervous system. Receptors in the EPH subfamily typically have a single kinase domain and an extracellular region containing a Cys-rich domain and 2 fibronectin type III repeats. The ephrin receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands. Increased expression of this gene is associated with multiple forms of carcinoma. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| EPHA6 | EPH receptor A6| |
| EPHA5 | EPH receptor A5|This gene belongs to the ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein-tyrosine kinase family. EPH and EPH-related receptors have been implicated in mediating developmental events, particularly in the nervous system. Receptors in the EPH subfamily typically have a single kinase domain and an extracellular region containing a Cys-rich domain and 2 fibronectin type III repeats. The ephrin receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| GLRX | glutaredoxin (thioltransferase)|This gene encodes a member of the glutaredoxin family. The encoded protein is a cytoplasmic enzyme catalyzing the reversible reduction of glutathione-protein mixed disulfides. This enzyme highly contributes to the antioxidant defense system. It is crucial for several signalling pathways by controlling the S-glutathionylation status of signalling mediators. It is involved in beta-amyloid toxicity and Alzheimer's disease. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| EPHA3 | EPH receptor A3|This gene belongs to the ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein-tyrosine kinase family. EPH and EPH-related receptors have been implicated in mediating developmental events, particularly in the nervous system. Receptors in the EPH subfamily typically have a single kinase domain and an extracellular region containing a Cys-rich domain and 2 fibronectin type III repeats. The ephrin receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands. This gene encodes a protein that binds ephrin-A ligands. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EPHA2 | EPH receptor A2|This gene belongs to the ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein-tyrosine kinase family. EPH and EPH-related receptors have been implicated in mediating developmental events, particularly in the nervous system. Receptors in the EPH subfamily typically have a single kinase domain and an extracellular region containing a Cys-rich domain and 2 fibronectin type III repeats. The ephrin receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands. This gene encodes a protein that binds ephrin-A ligands. Mutations in this gene are the cause of certain genetically-related cataract disorders.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| EPHA1 | EPH receptor A1|This gene belongs to the ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein-tyrosine kinase family. EPH and EPH-related receptors have been implicated in mediating developmental events, particularly in the nervous system. Receptors in the EPH subfamily typically have a single kinase domain and an extracellular region containing a Cys-rich domain and 2 fibronectin type III repeats. The ephrin receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands. This gene is expressed in some human cancer cell lines and has been implicated in carcinogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DDA1 | DET1 and DDB1 associated 1| |
| MED24 | mediator complex subunit 24|This gene encodes a component of the mediator complex (also known as TRAP, SMCC, DRIP, or ARC), a transcriptional coactivator complex thought to be required for the expression of almost all genes. The mediator complex is recruited by transcriptional activators or nuclear receptors to induce gene expression, possibly by interacting with RNA polymerase II and promoting the formation of a transcriptional pre-initiation complex. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LSMEM1 | leucine-rich single-pass membrane protein 1| |
| LSMEM2 | leucine-rich single-pass membrane protein 2| |
| UFC1 | ubiquitin-fold modifier conjugating enzyme 1|UFC1 is an E2-like conjugating enzyme for ubiquitin-fold modifier-1 (UFM1; MIM 610553) (Komatsu et al., 2004 [PubMed 15071506]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| AFAP1L1 | actin filament associated protein 1-like 1| |
| KLHDC3 | kelch domain containing 3|The protein encoded by this gene contains six repeated kelch motifs that are structurally similar to recombination activating gene 2, a protein involved in the activation of the V(D)J recombination. In mouse, this gene is found to be expressed specifically in testis. Its expression in pachytene spermatocytes is localized to cytoplasma and meiotic chromatin, suggesting that this gene may be involved in meiotic recombination. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| RASD1 | RAS, dexamethasone-induced 1|This gene encodes a member of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases and is induced by dexamethasone. The encoded protein is an activator of G-protein signaling and acts as a direct nucleotide exchange factor for Gi-Go proteins. This protein interacts with the neuronal nitric oxide adaptor protein CAPON, and a nuclear adaptor protein FE65, which interacts with the Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein. This gene may play a role in dexamethasone-induced alterations in cell morphology, growth and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Epigenetic inactivation of this gene is closely correlated with resistance to dexamethasone in multiple myeloma cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| HSP90AB2P | heat shock protein 90kDa alpha (cytosolic), class B member 2, pseudogene| |
| OR4S2 | olfactory receptor, family 4, subfamily S, member 2|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRMT6 | tRNA methyltransferase 6|This gene encodes a member of the tRNA methyltransferase 6 protein family. A similar protein in yeast is part of a two component methyltransferase, which is involved in the posttranslational modification that produces the modified nucleoside 1-methyladenosine in tRNAs. Modified 1-methyladenosine influences initiator methionine stability and may be involved in the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| FGF19 | fibroblast growth factor 19|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes including embryonic development cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. This growth factor is a high affinity, heparin dependent ligand for FGFR4. Expression of this gene was detected only in fetal but not adult brain tissue. Synergistic interaction of the chick homolog and Wnt-8c has been shown to be required for initiation of inner ear development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRMT5 | tRNA methyltransferase 5|tRNAs contain as many as 13 or 14 nucleotides that are modified posttranscriptionally by enzymes that are highly specific for particular nucleotides in the tRNA structure. TRMT5 methylates the N1 position of guanosine-37 (G37) in selected tRNAs using S-adenosyl methionine (Brule et al., 2004 [PubMed 15248782]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| KDM6A | lysine (K)-specific demethylase 6A|This gene is located on the X chromosome and is the corresponding locus to a Y-linked gene which encodes a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) protein. The encoded protein of this gene contains a JmjC-domain and catalyzes the demethylation of tri/dimethylated histone H3. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| TRMT1 | tRNA methyltransferase 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| FGF13 | fibroblast growth factor 13|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth, and invasion. This gene is located in a region on chromosome X, which is associated with Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome (BFLS), making it a possible candidate gene for familial cases of the BFLS, and for other syndromal and nonspecific forms of X-linked mental retardation mapping to this region. Alternative splicing of this gene at the 5' end results in several transcript variants encoding different isoforms with different N-termini. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| FGF12 | fibroblast growth factor 12|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth, and invasion. This growth factor lacks the N-terminal signal sequence present in most of the FGF family members, but it contains clusters of basic residues that have been demonstrated to act as a nuclear localization signal. When transfected into mammalian cells, this protein accumulated in the nucleus, but was not secreted. The specific function of this gene has not yet been determined. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FGF11 | fibroblast growth factor 11|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. The function of this gene has not yet been determined. The expression pattern of the mouse homolog implies a role in nervous system development. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| FGF10 | fibroblast growth factor 10|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. This protein exhibits mitogenic activity for keratinizing epidermal cells, but essentially no activity for fibroblasts, which is similar to the biological activity of FGF7. Studies of the mouse homolog of suggested that this gene is required for embryonic epidermal morphogenesis including brain development, lung morphogenesis, and initiation of lim bud formation. This gene is also implicated to be a primary factor in the process of wound healing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FGF17 | fibroblast growth factor 17|This gene encodes a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. Member of the FGF family possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes including embryonic development cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. This protein is expressed during embryogenesis and in the adult cerebellum and cortex and may be essential for vascular growth and normal brain development. Mutations in this gene are the cause of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 20 with or without anosmia. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| FGF16 | fibroblast growth factor 16|This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins that are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. This gene is expressed in cardiac cells and is required for proper heart development. Mutation in this gene was also observed in individuals with metacarpal 4-5 fusion. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| FGF14 | fibroblast growth factor 14|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. A mutation in this gene is associated with autosomal dominant cerebral ataxia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC20A2 | solute carrier family 20 (phosphate transporter), member 2|This gene encodes a member of the inorganic phosphate transporter family. The encoded protein is a type 3 sodium-dependent phosphate symporter that plays an important role in phosphate homeostasis by mediating cellular phosphate uptake. The encoded protein also confers susceptibility to viral infection as a gamma-retroviral receptor. Mutations in this gene may play a role in familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| APOF | apolipoprotein F|The product of this gene is one of the minor apolipoproteins found in plasma. This protein forms complexes with lipoproteins and may be involved in transport and/or esterification of cholesterol. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COL9A2 | collagen, type IX, alpha 2|This gene encodes one of the three alpha chains of type IX collagen, the major collagen component of hyaline cartilage. Type IX collagen, a heterotrimeric molecule, is usually found in tissues containing type II collagen, a fibrillar collagen. This chain is unusual in that, unlike the other two type IX alpha chains, it contains a covalently attached glycosaminoglycan side chain. Mutations in this gene are associated with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COL9A3 | collagen, type IX, alpha 3|This gene encodes one of the three alpha chains of type IX collagen, the major collagen component of hyaline cartilage. Type IX collagen, a heterotrimeric molecule, is usually found in tissues containing type II collagen, a fibrillar collagen. Mutations in this gene are associated with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia type 3. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| COL9A1 | collagen, type IX, alpha 1|This gene encodes one of the three alpha chains of type IX collagen, which is a minor (5-20%) collagen component of hyaline cartilage. Type IX collagen is usually found in tissues containing type II collagen, a fibrillar collagen. Studies in knockout mice have shown that synthesis of the alpha 1 chain is essential for assembly of type IX collagen molecules, a heterotrimeric molecule, and that lack of type IX collagen is associated with early onset osteoarthritis. Mutations in this gene are associated with osteoarthritis in humans, with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, 6, a form of chondrodysplasia, and with Stickler syndrome, a disease characterized by ophthalmic, orofacial, articular, and auditory defects. Two transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CC2D2A | coiled-coil and C2 domain containing 2A|This gene encodes a coiled-coil and calcium binding domain protein that appears to play a critical role in cilia formation. Mutations in this gene cause Meckel syndrome type 6, as well as Joubert syndrome type 9. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| SLC20A1 | solute carrier family 20 (phosphate transporter), member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a sodium-phosphate symporter that absorbs phosphate from interstitial fluid for use in cellular functions such as metabolism, signal transduction, and nucleic acid and lipid synthesis. The encoded protein is also a retroviral receptor, causing human cells to be susceptible to infection by gibbon ape leukemia virus, simian sarcoma-associated virus, feline leukemia virus subgroup B, and 10A1 murine leukemia virus.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| PRTG | protogenin|This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded transmembrane protein has been associated with the development of various tissues, especially neurogenesis. It has been suggested that this gene may be associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| CD200R1 | CD200 receptor 1|This gene encodes a receptor for the OX-2 membrane glycoprotein. Both the receptor and substrate are cell surface glycoproteins containing two immunoglobulin-like domains. This receptor is restricted to the surfaces of myeloid lineage cells and the receptor-substrate interaction may function as a myeloid downregulatory signal. Mouse studies of a related gene suggest that this interaction may control myeloid function in a tissue-specific manner. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CHST15 | carbohydrate (N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O) sulfotransferase 15|Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan which is an important structural component of the extracellular matrix and which links to proteins to form proteoglycans. Chondroitin sulfate E (CS-E) is an isomer of chondroitin sulfate in which the C-4 and C-6 hydroxyl groups are sulfated. This gene encodes a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that acts as a sulfotransferase to transfer sulfate to the C-6 hydroxal group of chondroitin sulfate. This gene has also been identified as being co-expressed with RAG1 in B-cells and as potentially acting as a B-cell surface signaling receptor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| MNAT1 | MNAT CDK-activating kinase assembly factor 1|The protein encoded by this gene, along with cyclin H and CDK7, forms the CDK-activating kinase (CAK) enzymatic complex. This complex activates several cyclin-associated kinases and can also associate with TFIIH to activate transcription by RNA polymerase II. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| USP18 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 18|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ubiquitin-specific proteases (UBP) family of enzymes that cleave ubiquitin from ubiquitinated protein substrates. It is highly expressed in liver and thymus, and is localized to the nucleus. This protein efficiently cleaves only ISG15 (a ubiquitin-like protein) fusions, and deletion of this gene in mice results in a massive increase of ISG15 conjugates in tissues, indicating that this protein is a major ISG15-specific protease. Mice lacking this gene are also hypersensitive to interferon, suggesting a function of this protein in downregulating interferon responses, independent of its isopeptidase activity towards ISG15. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| LIMD1 | LIM domains containing 1| |
| CHST14 | carbohydrate (N-acetylgalactosamine 4-0) sulfotransferase 14|This gene encodes a member of the HNK-1 family of sulfotransferases. The encoded protein transfers sulfate to the C-4 hydroxyl of N-acetylgalactosamine residues in dermatan sulfate. Mutations in this gene have been associated with adducted thumb-clubfoot syndrome.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| SEMA3A | sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), short basic domain, secreted, (semaphorin) 3A|This gene is a member of the semaphorin family and encodes a protein with an Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain, a PSI domain and a Sema domain. This secreted protein can function as either a chemorepulsive agent, inhibiting axonal outgrowth, or as a chemoattractive agent, stimulating the growth of apical dendrites. In both cases, the protein is vital for normal neuronal pattern development. Increased expression of this protein is associated with schizophrenia and is seen in a variety of human tumor cell lines. Also, aberrant release of this protein is associated with the progression of Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GLB1L2 | galactosidase, beta 1-like 2| |
| SEMA3B | sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), short basic domain, secreted, (semaphorin) 3B|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the class-3 semaphorin/collapsin family, whose members function in growth cone guidance during neuronal development. This family member inhibits axonal extension and has been shown to act as a tumor suppressor by inducing apoptosis. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| SEMA3E | sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), short basic domain, secreted, (semaphorin) 3E|Semaphorins are a large family of conserved secreted and membrane associated proteins which possess a semaphorin (Sema) domain and a PSI domain (found in plexins, semaphorins and integrins) in the N-terminal extracellular portion. Based on sequence and structural similarities, semaphorins are put into eight classes: invertebrates contain classes 1 and 2, viruses have class V, and vertebrates contain classes 3-7. Semaphorins serve as axon guidance ligands via multimeric receptor complexes, some (if not all) containing plexin proteins. This gene encodes a class 4 semaphorin. This gene encodes a class 3 semaphorin. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| SLAIN2 | SLAIN motif family, member 2| |
| PAPPA2 | pappalysin 2|This gene encodes a member of the pappalysin family of metzincin metalloproteinases. The encoded protein cleaves insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 and is thought to be a local regulator of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) bioavailability. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| ARHGAP11A | Rho GTPase activating protein 11A| |
| ARHGAP11B | Rho GTPase activating protein 11B| |
| BCHE | butyrylcholinesterase|Mutant alleles at the BCHE locus are responsible for suxamethonium sensitivity. Homozygous persons sustain prolonged apnea after administration of the muscle relaxant suxamethonium in connection with surgical anesthesia. The activity of pseudocholinesterase in the serum is low and its substrate behavior is atypical. In the absence of the relaxant, the homozygote is at no known disadvantage. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GLP2R | glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor|This gene encodes a G protein-coupled receptor that is closely related to the glucagon receptor and binds to glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP2). Signalling through GLP2 stimulates intestinal growth and increases villus height in the small intestine, concomitant with increased crypt cell proliferation and decreased enterocyte apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| DCP1B | decapping mRNA 1B|DCP1B is a core component of the mRNA decapping complex, a key factor in the regulation of mRNA decay (Lykke-Andersen, 2002 [PubMed 12417715]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| OXNAD1 | oxidoreductase NAD-binding domain containing 1| |
| PAK7 | p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 7|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the PAK family of Ser/Thr protein kinases. PAK family members are known to be effectors of Rac/Cdc42 GTPases, which have been implicated in the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics, proliferation, and cell survival signaling. This kinase contains a CDC42/Rac1 interactive binding (CRIB) motif, and has been shown to bind CDC42 in the presence of GTP. This kinase is predominantly expressed in brain. It is capable of promoting neurite outgrowth, and thus may play a role in neurite development. This kinase is associated with microtubule networks and induces microtubule stabilization. The subcellular localization of this kinase is tightly regulated during cell cycle progression. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DESI2 | desumoylating isopeptidase 2| |
| SLC25A33 | solute carrier family 25 (pyrimidine nucleotide carrier), member 33|SLC25A33 belongs to the SLC25 family of mitochondrial carrier proteins (Haitina et al., 2006 [PubMed 16949250]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| DESI1 | desumoylating isopeptidase 1| |
| ARL1 | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ARL (ADP-ribosylation factor-like) family of proteins, which are structurally related to ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs). ARFs, described as activators of cholera toxin (CT) ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, regulate intracellular vesicular membrane trafficking, and stimulate a phospholipase D (PLD) isoform. Although, ARL proteins were initially thought not to activate CT or PLD, later work showed that they are weak stimulators of PLD and CT in a phospholipid dependent manner. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| ZNF250 | zinc finger protein 250| |
| ZNF253 | zinc finger protein 253| |
| ARL2 | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2|This gene encodes a small GTP-binding protein of the RAS superfamily which functions as an ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF). The encoded protein is one of a functionally distinct group of ARF-like genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF254 | zinc finger protein 254|Zinc finger proteins have been shown to interact with nucleic acids and to have diverse functions. The zinc finger domain is a conserved amino acid sequence motif containing 2 specifically positioned cysteines and 2 histidines that are involved in coordinating zinc. Kruppel-related proteins form 1 family of zinc finger proteins. See ZFP93 (MIM 604749) for additional information on zinc finger proteins.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002] |
| ZNF257 | zinc finger protein 257| |
| ZNF256 | zinc finger protein 256| |
| CRCT1 | cysteine-rich C-terminal 1| |
| RRM2 | ribonucleotide reductase M2|This gene encodes one of two non-identical subunits for ribonucleotide reductase. This reductase catalyzes the formation of deoxyribonucleotides from ribonucleotides. Synthesis of the encoded protein (M2) is regulated in a cell-cycle dependent fashion. Transcription from this gene can initiate from alternative promoters, which results in two isoforms that differ in the lengths of their N-termini. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 1 and X. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| RRM1 | ribonucleotide reductase M1|This gene encodes one of two non-identical subunits that constitute ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase, an enzyme essential for the production of deoxyribonucleotides prior to DNA synthesis in S phase of dividing cells. It is one of several genes located in the imprinted gene domain of 11p15.5, an important tumor-suppressor gene region. Alterations in this region have been associated with the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, adrenocrotical carcinoma, and lung, ovarian, and breast cancer. This gene may play a role in malignancies and disease that involve this region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TIFAB | TRAF-interacting protein with forkhead-associated domain, family member B|TIFAB associates with TIFA (MIM 609028) and inhibits TIFA-mediated activation of NF-kappa-B (NFKB1; MIM 164011) (Matsumura et al., 2004 [PubMed 15047173]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2009] |
| ZC3H12A | zinc finger CCCH-type containing 12A|ZC3H12A is an MCP1 (CCL2; MIM 158105)-induced protein that acts as a transcriptional activator and causes cell death of cardiomyocytes, possibly via induction of genes associated with apoptosis.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ZC3H12C | zinc finger CCCH-type containing 12C| |
| DERA | deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase (putative)| |
| TSR1 | TSR1, 20S rRNA accumulation, homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| TSR3 | TSR3, 20S rRNA accumulation, homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| TSR2 | TSR2, 20S rRNA accumulation, homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| TMEM183A | transmembrane protein 183A| |
| ABCA10 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 10|The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intracellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, and White). This encoded protein is a member of the ABC1 subfamily. Members of the ABC1 subfamily comprise the only major ABC subfamily found exclusively in multicellular eukaryotes. This gene is clustered among 4 other ABC1 family members on 17q24, but neither the substrate nor the function of this gene is known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM183B | transmembrane protein 183B|This locus was thought to represent a pseudogene of chromosome 1 open reading frame 37 because it is intronless and retains a polyA tail at the 3' end. It does however contain a complete open reading frame that subsequent research has demonstrated to be transcribed in a limited number of human tissues. The encoded protein may represent a transmembrane protein associated with cell membranes and be involved in cell-cell or cell-environment interactions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| EIF1AY | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A, Y-linked|This gene is located on the non-recombining region of the Y chromosome. It encodes a protein related to eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A (EIF1A), which may function in stabilizing the binding of the initiator Met-tRNA to 40S ribosomal subunits. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| TH | tyrosine hydroxylase|The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the conversion of tyrosine to dopamine. It is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of catecholamines, hence plays a key role in the physiology of adrenergic neurons. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive Segawa syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TF | transferrin|This gene encodes a glycoprotein with an approximate molecular weight of 76.5 kDa. It is thought to have been created as a result of an ancient gene duplication event that led to generation of homologous C and N-terminal domains each of which binds one ion of ferric iron. The function of this protein is to transport iron from the intestine, reticuloendothelial system, and liver parenchymal cells to all proliferating cells in the body. This protein may also have a physiologic role as granulocyte/pollen-binding protein (GPBP) involved in the removal of certain organic matter and allergens from serum. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| CYP2C19 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 19|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and is known to metabolize many xenobiotics, including the anticonvulsive drug mephenytoin, omeprazole, diazepam and some barbiturates. Polymorphism within this gene is associated with variable ability to metabolize mephenytoin, known as the poor metabolizer and extensive metabolizer phenotypes. The gene is located within a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes on chromosome 10q24. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PAK1 | p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 1|This gene encodes a family member of serine/threonine p21-activating kinases, known as PAK proteins. These proteins are critical effectors that link RhoGTPases to cytoskeleton reorganization and nuclear signaling, and they serve as targets for the small GTP binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac. This specific family member regulates cell motility and morphology. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| KCNJ13 | potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 13|This gene encodes a member of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel family of proteins. Members of this family form ion channel pores that allow potassium ions to pass into a cell. The encoded protein belongs to a subfamily of low signal channel conductance proteins that have a low dependence on potassium concentration. Mutations in this gene are associated with snowflake vitreoretinal degeneration. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| KCNJ12 | potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 12|This gene encodes an inwardly rectifying K+ channel which may be blocked by divalent cations. This protein is thought to be one of multiple inwardly rectifying channels which contribute to the cardiac inward rectifier current (IK1). The gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNJ11 | potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 11|Potassium channels are present in most mammalian cells, where they participate in a wide range of physiologic responses. The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and inward-rectifier type potassium channel. The encoded protein, which has a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into a cell rather than out of a cell, is controlled by G-proteins and is found associated with the sulfonylurea receptor SUR. Mutations in this gene are a cause of familial persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by unregulated insulin secretion. Defects in this gene may also contribute to autosomal dominant non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type II (NIDDM), transient neonatal diabetes mellitus type 3 (TNDM3), and permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM). Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| KCNJ10 | potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 10|This gene encodes a member of the inward rectifier-type potassium channel family, characterized by having a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into, rather than out of, a cell. The encoded protein may form a heterodimer with another potassium channel protein and may be responsible for the potassium buffering action of glial cells in the brain. Mutations in this gene have been associated with seizure susceptibility of common idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndromes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TFAM | transcription factor A, mitochondrial|This gene encodes a key mitochondrial transcription factor containing two high mobility group motifs. The encoded protein also functions in mitochondrial DNA replication and repair. Sequence polymorphisms in this gene are associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. There are pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes 6, 7, and 11. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| KCNJ16 | potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 16|Potassium channels are present in most mammalian cells, where they participate in a wide range of physiologic responses. The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and inward-rectifier type potassium channel. The encoded protein, which tends to allow potassium to flow into rather than out of a cell, can form heterodimers with two other inward-rectifier type potassium channels. It may function in fluid and pH balance regulation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| KCNJ15 | potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 15|Potassium channels are present in most mammalian cells, where they participate in a wide range of physiologic responses. The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and inward-rectifier type potassium channel. The encoded protein has a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into a cell rather than out of a cell. Eight transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013] |
| MLXIPL | MLX interacting protein-like|This gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor of the Myc/Max/Mad superfamily. This protein forms a heterodimeric complex and binds and activates, in a glucose-dependent manner, carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) motifs in the promoters of triglyceride synthesis genes. The gene is deleted in Williams-Beuren syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at chromosome 7q11.23. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TXNL1 | thioredoxin-like 1| |
| TMX4 | thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 4| |
| ANKAR | ankyrin and armadillo repeat containing| |
| AR | androgen receptor|The androgen receptor gene is more than 90 kb long and codes for a protein that has 3 major functional domains: the N-terminal domain, DNA-binding domain, and androgen-binding domain. The protein functions as a steroid-hormone activated transcription factor. Upon binding the hormone ligand, the receptor dissociates from accessory proteins, translocates into the nucleus, dimerizes, and then stimulates transcription of androgen responsive genes. This gene contains 2 polymorphic trinucleotide repeat segments that encode polyglutamine and polyglycine tracts in the N-terminal transactivation domain of its protein. Expansion of the polyglutamine tract causes spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy disease). Mutations in this gene are also associated with complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS). Two alternatively spliced variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMX1 | thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 1|TXNDC1 is a thioredoxin (TXN; see MIM 187700)-related protein with disulfide reductase activity (Matsuo et al., 2001 [PubMed 11152479]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| TAPBPL | TAP binding protein-like|Tapasin, or TAPBP (MIM 601962), is a member of the variable-constant Ig superfamily that links major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules to the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP; see MIM 170260) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The TAPBP gene is located near the MHC complex on chromosome 6p21.3. TAPBPL is a member of the Ig superfamily that is localized on chromosome 12p13.3, a region somewhat paralogous to the MHC.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| TMX3 | thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 3| |
| NAGA | N-acetylgalactosaminidase, alpha-|NAGA encodes the lysosomal enzyme alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, which cleaves alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyl moieties from glycoconjugates. Mutations in NAGA have been identified as the cause of Schindler disease types I and II (type II also known as Kanzaki disease). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NAGK | N-acetylglucosamine kinase|This gene encodes a member of the N-acetylhexosamine kinase family. The encoded protein catalyzes the conversion of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate, and is the major mammalian enzyme which recovers amino sugars. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| DAZAP1 | DAZ associated protein 1|In mammals, the Y chromosome directs the development of the testes and plays an important role in spermatogenesis. A high percentage of infertile men have deletions that map to regions of the Y chromosome. The DAZ (deleted in azoospermia) gene cluster maps to the AZFc region of the Y chromosome and is deleted in many azoospermic and severely oligospermic men. It is thought that the DAZ gene cluster arose from the transposition, amplification, and pruning of the ancestral autosomal gene DAZL also involved in germ cell development and gametogenesis. This gene encodes a RNA-binding protein with two RNP motifs that was originally identified by its interaction with the infertility factors DAZ and DAZL. Two isoforms are encoded by transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DAZAP2 | DAZ associated protein 2|This gene encodes a proline-rich protein which interacts with the deleted in azoospermia (DAZ) and the deleted in azoospermia-like gene through the DAZ-like repeats. This protein also interacts with the transforming growth factor-beta signaling molecule SARA (Smad anchor for receptor activation), eukaryotic initiation factor 4G, and an E3 ubiquitinase that regulates its stability in splicing factor containing nuclear speckles. The encoded protein may function in various biological and pathological processes including spermatogenesis, cell signaling and transcription regulation, formation of stress granules during translation arrest, RNA splicing, and pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| BOLA2 | bolA family member 2|This gene is located within a region of a segmental duplication on chromosome 16p. The product of this gene belongs to the eukaryotic subfamily of the BolA-like proteins. This gene encodes the BolA-like protein 2. The BolA-like proteins are widely conserved from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, and these proteins seem to be involved in cell proliferation or cell-cycle regulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CYP4A11 | cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily A, polypeptide 11|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and hydroxylates medium-chain fatty acids such as laurate and myristate. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SS18 | synovial sarcoma translocation, chromosome 18| |
| C1QTNF1 | C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 1| |
| C1QTNF7 | C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 7| |
| C1QTNF5 | C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 5|This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins that function as components of basement membranes and may play a role in cell adhesion. Mutations in this gene have been associated with late-onset retinal degeneration. The protein may be encoded by either a bicistronic transcript including sequence from the upstream membrane frizzled-related protein gene (MFRP), or by a monocistronic transcript expressed from an internal promoter. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| CREB3L2 | cAMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 2|This gene encodes a member of the oasis bZIP transcription factor family. Members of this family can dimerize but form homodimers only. The encoded protein is a transcriptional activator. Translocations between this gene on chromosome 7 and the gene fused in sarcoma on chromosome 16 can be found in some tumors. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| CPA2 | carboxypeptidase A2 (pancreatic)|Three different forms of human pancreatic procarboxypeptidase A have been isolated. The encoded protein represents the A2 form, which is a monomeric protein with different biochemical properties from the A1 and A3 forms. The A2 form of pancreatic procarboxypeptidase acts on aromatic C-terminal residues and is a secreted protein. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| MLC1 | megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts 1|The function of this gene product is unknown; however, homology to other proteins suggests that it may be an integral membrane transporter. Mutations in this gene have been associated with megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts, an autosomal recessive neurological disorder. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CREB3L4 | cAMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 4|This gene encodes a CREB (cAMP responsive element binding) protein with a transmembrane domain which localizes it to the ER membrane. The encoded protein is a transcriptional activator which contains a dimerization domain, and this protein may function in a number of processing pathways including protein processing. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| FAM175A | family with sequence similarity 175, member A| |
| CARTPT | CART prepropeptide|This gene encodes a secreted protein which is processed by prohormone/proprotein convertases to produce smaller, biologically active peptides. Expression of the transcript for this gene is regulated by certain drugs such as cocaine, and the encoded protein is thought to be involved in the regulation of appetite and stress. Mutations in this gene are associated with susceptibility to obesity.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| PGAP1 | post-GPI attachment to proteins 1|PGAP1 catalyzes the inositol deacylation of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) at an early step in GPI biosynthesis. Inositol deacylation is essential for the generation of mature GPI capable of attachment to proteins (Tanaka et al., 2004 [PubMed 14734546]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| C17orf70 | chromosome 17 open reading frame 70|FAAP100 is a component of the Fanconi anemia (FA; MIM 277650) core complex and is required for core complex stability and FANCD2 (see MIM 227646) monoubiquitination (Ling et al., 2007 [PubMed 17396147]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| C17orf75 | chromosome 17 open reading frame 75| |
| ABCA13 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 13|In human, the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of transmembrane transporters has at least 48 genes and 7 gene subfamilies. This gene is a member of ABC gene subfamily A (ABCA). Genes within the ABCA family typically encode several thousand amino acids. Like other ABC transmembrane transporter proteins, this protein has 12 or more transmembrane alpha-helix domains that likely arrange to form a single central chamber with multiple substrate binding sites. It is also predicted to have two large extracellular domains and two nucleotide binding domains as is typical for ABCA proteins. Alternative splice variants have been described but their biological validity has not been demonstrated.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| SART1 | squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T cells|This gene encodes two proteins, the SART1(800) protein expressed in the nucleus of the majority of proliferating cells, and the SART1(259) protein expressed in the cytosol of epithelial cancers. The SART1(259) protein is translated by the mechanism of -1 frameshifting during posttranscriptional regulation; its full-length sequence is not published yet. The two encoded proteins are thought to be involved in the regulation of proliferation. Both proteins have tumor-rejection antigens. The SART1(259) protein possesses tumor epitopes capable of inducing HLA-A2402-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes in cancer patients. This SART1(259) antigen may be useful in specific immunotherapy for cancer patients and may serve as a paradigmatic tool for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with atopy. The SART1(259) protein is found to be essential for the recruitment of the tri-snRNP to the pre-spliceosome in the spliceosome assembly pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPAPDC2 | phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2 domain containing 2| |
| WLS | wntless Wnt ligand secretion mediator| |
| MFAP5 | microfibrillar associated protein 5|This gene encodes a 25-kD microfibril-associated glycoprotein which is a component of microfibrils of the extracellular matrix. The encoded protein promotes attachment of cells to microfibrils via alpha-V-beta-3 integrin. Deficiency of this gene in mice results in neutropenia. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| MFAP4 | microfibrillar-associated protein 4|This gene encodes a protein with similarity to a bovine microfibril-associated protein. The protein has binding specificities for both collagen and carbohydrate. It is thought to be an extracellular matrix protein which is involved in cell adhesion or intercellular interactions. The gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| MFAP3 | microfibrillar-associated protein 3| |
| RARS2 | arginyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial|The protein encoded by this gene is an arginyl-tRNA synthetase that is found in the mitochondrial matrix. Defects in this gene are a cause of pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 6 (PCH6). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| MFAP1 | microfibrillar-associated protein 1| |
| SRSF12 | serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 12| |
| OTX2 | orthodenticle homeobox 2|This gene encodes a member of the bicoid subfamily of homeodomain-containing transcription factors. The encoded protein acts as a transcription factor and plays a role in brain, craniofacial, and sensory organ development. The encoded protein also influences the proliferation and differentiation of dopaminergic neuronal progenitor cells during mitosis. Mutations in this gene cause syndromic microphthalmia 5 (MCOPS5) and combined pituitary hormone deficiency 6 (CPHD6). This gene is also suspected of having an oncogenic role in medulloblastoma. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Pseudogenes of this gene are known to exist on chromosomes two and nine. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| EGLN2 | egl-9 family hypoxia-inducible factor 2|The hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is a transcriptional complex that is involved in oxygen homeostasis. At normal oxygen levels, the alpha subunit of HIF is targeted for degration by prolyl hydroxylation. This gene encodes an enzyme responsible for this post-translational modification. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the upstream RAB4B (RAB4B, member RAS oncogene family) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| SLC6A6 | solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 6|This gene encodes a multi-pass membrane protein that is a member of a family of sodium and chloride-ion dependent transporters. The encoded protein transports taurine and beta-alanine. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 21. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| NDUFAB1 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1, alpha/beta subcomplex, 1, 8kDa| |
| SLMAP | sarcolemma associated protein| |
| SLC6A5 | solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 5|This gene encodes a sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine neurotransmitter transporter. This integral membrane glycoprotein is responsible for the clearance of extracellular glycine during glycine-mediated neurotransmission. This protein is found in glycinergic axons and maintains a high presynaptic pool of neurotransmitter at glycinergic synapses. Mutations in this gene cause hyperekplexia; a heterogenous neurological disorder characterized by exaggerated startle responses and neonatal apnea. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| GAS7 | growth arrest-specific 7|Growth arrest-specific 7 is expressed primarily in terminally differentiated brain cells and predominantly in mature cerebellar Purkinje neurons. GAS7 plays a putative role in neuronal development. Several transcript variants encoding proteins which vary in the N-terminus have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZPBP | zona pellucida binding protein|ZPBP is one of several proteins that are thought to participate in secondary binding between acrosome-reacted sperm and the egg-specific extracellular matrix, the zona pellucida (McLeskey et al., 1998 [PubMed 9378618]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2008] |
| NDUFB8 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 8, 19kDa| |
| CDC42SE2 | CDC42 small effector 2| |
| NBEA | neurobeachin|This gene encodes a member of a large, diverse group of A-kinase anchor proteins that target the activity of protein kinase A to specific subcellular sites by binding to its type II regulatory subunits. Brain-specific expression and coat protein-like membrane recruitment of a highly similar protein in mouse suggest an involvement in neuronal post-Golgi membrane traffic. Mutations in this gene may be associated with a form of autism. This gene and its expression are frequently disrupted in patients with multiple myeloma. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Additional transcript variants may exist, but their full-length nature has not been determined.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| CDC42SE1 | CDC42 small effector 1| |
| HEBP1 | heme binding protein 1|The full-length protein encoded by this gene is an intracellular tetrapyrrole-binding protein. This protein includes a natural chemoattractant peptide of 21 amino acids at the N-terminus, which is a natural ligand for formyl peptide receptor-like receptor 2 (FPRL2) and promotes calcium mobilization and chemotaxis in monocytes and dendritic cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HEBP2 | heme binding protein 2| |
| HBS1L | HBS1-like translational GTPase|This gene encodes a member of the GTP-binding elongation factor family. It is expressed in multiple tissues with the highest expression in heart and skeletal muscle. The intergenic region of this gene and the MYB gene has been identified to be a quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling fetal hemoglobin level, and this region influnces erythrocyte, platelet, and monocyte counts as well as erythrocyte volume and hemoglobin content. DNA polymorphisms at this region associate with fetal hemoglobin levels and pain crises in sickle cell disease. A single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 1 of this gene is significantly associated with severity in beta-thalassemia/Hemoglobin E. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| VAC14 | Vac14 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|The content of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2) in endosomal membranes changes dynamically with fission and fusion events that generate or absorb intracellular transport vesicles. VAC14 is a component of a trimolecular complex that tightly regulates the level of PtdIns(3,5)P2. Other components of this complex are the PtdIns(3,5)P2-synthesizing enzyme PIKFYVE (MIM 609414) and the PtdIns(3,5)P2 phosphatase FIG4 (MIM 609390). VAC14 functions as an activator of PIKFYVE (Sbrissa et al., 2007 [PubMed 17556371]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2010] |
| SLC6A9 | solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, glycine), member 9| |
| SLC6A8 | solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 8|The protein encoded by this gene is a plasma membrane protein whose function is to transport creatine into and out of cells. Defects in this gene can result in X-linked creatine deficiency syndrome. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| CAPZA2 | capping protein (actin filament) muscle Z-line, alpha 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the F-actin capping protein alpha subunit family. It is the alpha subunit of the barbed-end actin binding protein Cap Z. By capping the barbed end of actin filaments, Cap Z regulates the growth of the actin filaments at the barbed end. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AHCYL2 | adenosylhomocysteinase-like 2|The protein encoded by this gene acts as a homotetramer and may be involved in the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine to L-homocysteine and adenosine. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| CAMSAP3 | calmodulin regulated spectrin-associated protein family, member 3| |
| IL2RB | interleukin 2 receptor, beta|The interleukin 2 receptor, which is involved in T cell-mediated immune responses, is present in 3 forms with respect to ability to bind interleukin 2. The low affinity form is a monomer of the alpha subunit and is not involved in signal transduction. The intermediate affinity form consists of an alpha/beta subunit heterodimer, while the high affinity form consists of an alpha/beta/gamma subunit heterotrimer. Both the intermediate and high affinity forms of the receptor are involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis and transduction of mitogenic signals from interleukin 2. The protein encoded by this gene represents the beta subunit and is a type I membrane protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IWS1 | IWS1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| APRT | adenine phosphoribosyltransferase|Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family. A conserved feature of this gene is the distribution of CpG dinucleotides. This enzyme catalyzes the formation of AMP and inorganic pyrophosphate from adenine and 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP). It also produces adenine as a by-product of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway. A homozygous deficiency in this enzyme causes 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UPK1A | uroplakin 1A|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is found in the asymmetrical unit membrane (AUM) where it can complex with other transmembrane 4 superfamily proteins. It may play a role in normal bladder epithelial physiology, possibly in regulating membrane permeability of superficial umbrella cells or in stabilizing the apical membrane through AUM/cytoskeletal interactions. The protein may also play a role in tumor suppression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| SULT1E1 | sulfotransferase family 1E, estrogen-preferring, member 1|Sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and xenobiotic compounds. These cytosolic enzymes are different in their tissue distributions and substrate specificities. The gene structure (number and length of exons) is similar among family members. This gene encodes a protein that transfers a sulfo moiety to and from estrone, which may control levels of estrogen receptors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAB33A | RAB33A, member RAS oncogene family|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the small GTPase superfamily, Rab family. It is GTP-binding protein and may be involved in vesicle transport. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GYPB | glycophorin B (MNS blood group)|Glycophorins A (GYPA) and B (GYPB) are major sialoglycoproteins of the human erythrocyte membrane which bear the antigenic determinants for the MN and Ss blood groups. GYPB gene consists of 5 exons and has 97% sequence homology with GYPA from the 5' UTR to the coding sequence encoding the first 45 amino acids. In addition to the M or N and S or s antigens, that commonly occur in all populations, about 40 related variant phenotypes have been identified. These variants include all the variants of the Miltenberger complex and several isoforms of Sta; also, Dantu, Sat, He, Mg, and deletion variants Ena, S-s-U- and Mk. Most of the variants are the result of gene recombinations between GYPA and GYPB. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| GYPC | glycophorin C (Gerbich blood group)|Glycophorin C (GYPC) is an integral membrane glycoprotein. It is a minor species carried by human erythrocytes, but plays an important role in regulating the mechanical stability of red cells. A number of glycophorin C mutations have been described. The Gerbich and Yus phenotypes are due to deletion of exon 3 and 2, respectively. The Webb and Duch antigens, also known as glycophorin D, result from single point mutations of the glycophorin C gene. The glycophorin C protein has very little homology with glycophorins A and B. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| SLC17A9 | solute carrier family 17 (vesicular nucleotide transporter), member 9|This gene encodes a member of a family of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the transport of small molecules. The encoded protein participates in the vesicular uptake, storage, and secretion of adenoside triphosphate (ATP) and other nucleotides. A mutation in this gene was found in individuals with autosomal dominant disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis-8. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| C19orf53 | chromosome 19 open reading frame 53| |
| C19orf52 | chromosome 19 open reading frame 52| |
| L2HGDH | L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase|This gene encodes L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, a FAD-dependent enzyme that oxidizes L-2-hydroxyglutarate to alpha-ketoglutarate in a variety of mammalian tissues. Mutations in this gene cause L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, a rare autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder resulting in moderate to severe mental retardation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C19orf57 | chromosome 19 open reading frame 57| |
| C19orf54 | chromosome 19 open reading frame 54| |
| LECT1 | leukocyte cell derived chemotaxin 1|This gene encodes a glycosylated transmembrane protein that is cleaved to form a mature, secreted protein. The N-terminus of the precursor protein shares characteristics with other surfactant proteins and is sometimes called chondrosurfactant protein although no biological activity has yet been defined for it. The C-terminus of the precursor protein contains a 25 kDa mature protein called leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-1 or chondromodulin-1. The mature protein promotes chondrocyte growth and inhibits angiogenesis. This gene is expressed in the avascular zone of prehypertrophic cartilage and its expression decreases during chondrocyte hypertrophy and vascular invasion. The mature protein likely plays a role in endochondral bone development by permitting cartilaginous anlagen to be vascularized and replaced by bone. It may be involved also in the broad control of tissue vascularization during development. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LITAF | lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF factor|Lipopolysaccharide is a potent stimulator of monocytes and macrophages, causing secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and other inflammatory mediators. This gene encodes lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha factor, which is a DNA-binding protein and can mediate the TNF-alpha expression by direct binding to the promoter region of the TNF-alpha gene. The transcription of this gene is induced by tumor suppressor p53 and has been implicated in the p53-induced apoptotic pathway. Mutations in this gene cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1C (CMT1C) and may be involved in the carcinogenesis of extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD). Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| SNAP29 | synaptosomal-associated protein, 29kDa|This gene, a member of the SNAP25 gene family, encodes a protein involved in multiple membrane trafficking steps. Two other members of this gene family, SNAP23 and SNAP25, encode proteins that bind a syntaxin protein and mediate synaptic vesicle membrane docking and fusion to the plasma membrane. The protein encoded by this gene binds tightly to multiple syntaxins and is localized to intracellular membrane structures rather than to the plasma membrane. While the protein is mostly membrane-bound, a significant fraction of it is found free in the cytoplasm. Use of multiple polyadenylation sites has been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATF7IP2 | activating transcription factor 7 interacting protein 2| |
| TRPV1 | transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1|Capsaicin, the main pungent ingredient in hot chili peppers, elicits a sensation of burning pain by selectively activating sensory neurons that convey information about noxious stimuli to the central nervous system. The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for capsaicin and is a non-selective cation channel that is structurally related to members of the TRP family of ion channels. This receptor is also activated by increases in temperature in the noxious range, suggesting that it functions as a transducer of painful thermal stimuli in vivo. Four transcript variants encoding the same protein, but with different 5' UTR sequence, have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRR12 | proline rich 12| |
| C11orf49 | chromosome 11 open reading frame 49| |
| PRR11 | proline rich 11| |
| PRR16 | proline rich 16| |
| PRR14 | proline rich 14| |
| LACTB | lactamase, beta|This gene encodes a mitochondrially-localized protein that has sequence similarity to prokaryotic beta-lactamases. Many of the residues responsible for beta-lactamase activity are not conserved in this protein, suggesting it may have a different enzymatic function. Increased expression of the related mouse gene was found to be associated with obesity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| C11orf45 | chromosome 11 open reading frame 45| |
| TNFSF13 | tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 13|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This protein is a ligand for TNFRSF17/BCMA, a member of the TNF receptor family. This protein and its receptor are both found to be important for B cell development. In vitro experiments suggested that this protein may be able to induce apoptosis through its interaction with other TNF receptor family proteins such as TNFRSF6/FAS and TNFRSF14/HVEM. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Some transcripts that skip the last exon of the upstream gene (TNFSF12) and continue into the second exon of this gene have been identified; such read-through transcripts are contained in GeneID 407977, TNFSF12-TNFSF13. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| TNFSF12 | tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 12|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This protein is a ligand for the FN14/TWEAKR receptor. This cytokine has overlapping signaling functions with TNF, but displays a much wider tissue distribution. This cytokine, which exists in both membrane-bound and secreted forms, can induce apoptosis via multiple pathways of cell death in a cell type-specific manner. This cytokine is also found to promote proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, and thus acts as a regulator of angiogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Some transcripts skip the last exon of this gene and continue into the second exon of the neighboring TNFSF13 gene; such read-through transcripts are contained in GeneID 407977, TNFSF12-TNFSF13. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| TNFSF11 | tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11|This gene encodes a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) cytokine family which is a ligand for osteoprotegerin and functions as a key factor for osteoclast differentiation and activation. This protein was shown to be a dentritic cell survival factor and is involved in the regulation of T cell-dependent immune response. T cell activation was reported to induce expression of this gene and lead to an increase of osteoclastogenesis and bone loss. This protein was shown to activate antiapoptotic kinase AKT/PKB through a signaling complex involving SRC kinase and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 6, which indicated this protein may have a role in the regulation of cell apoptosis. Targeted disruption of the related gene in mice led to severe osteopetrosis and a lack of osteoclasts. The deficient mice exhibited defects in early differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, and failed to form lobulo-alveolar mammary structures during pregnancy. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TNFSF10 | tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 10|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This protein preferentially induces apoptosis in transformed and tumor cells, but does not appear to kill normal cells although it is expressed at a significant level in most normal tissues. This protein binds to several members of TNF receptor superfamily including TNFRSF10A/TRAILR1, TNFRSF10B/TRAILR2, TNFRSF10C/TRAILR3, TNFRSF10D/TRAILR4, and possibly also to TNFRSF11B/OPG. The activity of this protein may be modulated by binding to the decoy receptors TNFRSF10C/TRAILR3, TNFRSF10D/TRAILR4, and TNFRSF11B/OPG that cannot induce apoptosis. The binding of this protein to its receptors has been shown to trigger the activation of MAPK8/JNK, caspase 8, and caspase 3. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| DIRAS1 | DIRAS family, GTP-binding RAS-like 1|DIRAS1 belongs to a distinct branch of the functionally diverse Ras (see HRAS; MIM 190020) superfamily of monomeric GTPases.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| DIRAS3 | DIRAS family, GTP-binding RAS-like 3|This gene is a member of the ras superfamily, and is expressed in normal ovarian and breast epithelial cells, but not in ovarian and breast cancers. It is an imprinted gene, with monoallelic expression of the paternal allele, which is associated with growth suppression. Thus, this gene appears to be a putative tumor suppressor gene whose function is abrogated in ovarian and breast cancers. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| TNFSF14 | tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 14|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This protein is a ligand for TNFRSF14, which is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, and which is also known as a herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM). This protein may function as a costimulatory factor for the activation of lymphoid cells and as a deterrent to infection by herpesvirus. This protein has been shown to stimulate the proliferation of T cells, and trigger apoptosis of various tumor cells. This protein is also reported to prevent tumor necrosis factor alpha mediated apoptosis in primary hepatocyte. Two alternatively spliced transcript variant encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GEMIN6 | gem (nuclear organelle) associated protein 6|GEMIN6 is part of a large macromolecular complex, localized to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, that plays a role in the cytoplasmic assembly of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Other members of this complex include SMN (MIM 600354), GEMIN2 (SIP1; MIM 602595), GEMIN3 (DDX20; MIM 606168), GEMIN4 (MIM 606969), and GEMIN5 (MIM 607005).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002] |
| SCLT1 | sodium channel and clathrin linker 1|This gene encodes an adaptor protein. Studies of a related gene in rat suggest that the encoded protein functions to link clathrin to the sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha protein. The encoded protein has also been identified as a component of distal appendages of centrioles that is necessary for ciliogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| PUM2 | pumilio RNA-binding family member 2|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to a family of RNA-binding proteins. The encoded protein functions as a translational repressor during embryonic development and cell differentiation. This protein is also thought to be a positive regulator of cell proliferation in adipose-derived stem cells. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| SFXN4 | sideroflexin 4|This gene encodes a member of the sideroflexin family. The encoded protein is a transmembrane protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane, and is required for mitochondrial respiratory homeostasis and erythropoiesis. Mutations in this gene are associated with mitochondriopathy and macrocytic anemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found in this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| RASA4B | RAS p21 protein activator 4B| |
| SFXN2 | sideroflexin 2| |
| SPAG16 | sperm associated antigen 16|Cilia and flagella are comprised of a microtubular backbone, the axoneme, which is organized by the basal body and surrounded by plasma membrane. SPAG16 encodes 2 major proteins that associate with the axoneme of sperm tail and the nucleus of postmeiotic germ cells, respectively (Zhang et al., 2007 [PubMed 17699735]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2008] |
| RAD1 | RAD1 checkpoint DNA exonuclease|This gene encodes a component of a heterotrimeric cell cycle checkpoint complex, known as the 9-1-1 complex, that is activated to stop cell cycle progression in response to DNA damage or incomplete DNA replication. The 9-1-1 complex is recruited by RAD17 to affected sites where it may attract specialized DNA polymerases and other DNA repair effectors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| SFXN1 | sideroflexin 1| |
| LNX2 | ligand of numb-protein X 2| |
| CRYBA1 | crystallin, beta A1|Crystallins are separated into two classes: taxon-specific, or enzyme, and ubiquitous. The latter class constitutes the major proteins of vertebrate eye lens and maintains the transparency and refractive index of the lens. Since lens central fiber cells lose their nuclei during development, these crystallins are made and then retained throughout life, making them extremely stable proteins. Mammalian lens crystallins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma families; beta and gamma crystallins are also considered as a superfamily. Alpha and beta families are further divided into acidic and basic groups. Seven protein regions exist in crystallins: four homologous motifs, a connecting peptide, and N- and C-terminal extensions. Beta-crystallins, the most heterogeneous, differ by the presence of the C-terminal extension (present in the basic group, none in the acidic group). Beta-crystallins form aggregates of different sizes and are able to self-associate to form dimers or to form heterodimers with other beta-crystallins. This gene, a beta acidic group member, encodes two proteins (crystallin, beta A3 and crystallin, beta A1) from a single mRNA, the latter protein is 17 aa shorter than crystallin, beta A3 and is generated by use of an alternate translation initiation site. Deletion of exons 3 and 4 causes the autosomal dominant disease 'zonular cataract with sutural opacities'. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LMO7 | LIM domain 7|This gene encodes a protein containing a calponin homology (CH) domain, a PDZ domain, and a LIM domain, and may be involved in protein-protein interactions. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, however, the full-length nature of some variants is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| CRYBA4 | crystallin, beta A4|Crystallins are separated into two classes: taxon-specific, or enzyme, and ubiquitous. The latter class constitutes the major proteins of vertebrate eye lens and maintains the transparency and refractive index of the lens. Since lens central fiber cells lose their nuclei during development, these crystallins are made and then retained throughout life, making them extremely stable proteins. Mammalian lens crystallins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma families; beta and gamma crystallins are also considered as a superfamily. Alpha and beta families are further divided into acidic and basic groups. Seven protein regions exist in crystallins: four homologous motifs, a connecting peptide, and N- and C-terminal extensions. Beta-crystallins, the most heterogeneous, differ by the presence of the C-terminal extension (present in the basic group, none in the acidic group). Beta-crystallins form aggregates of different sizes and are able to self-associate to form dimers or to form heterodimers with other beta-crystallins. This gene, a beta acidic group member, is part of a gene cluster with beta-B1, beta-B2, and beta-B3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IFNL1 | interferon, lambda 1|This gene encodes a cytokine distantly related to type I interferons and the IL-10 family. This gene, interleukin 28A (IL28A), and interleukin 28B (IL28B) are three closely related cytokine genes that form a cytokine gene cluster on a chromosomal region mapped to 19q13. Expression of the cytokines encoded by the three genes can be induced by viral infection. All three cytokines have been shown to interact with a heterodimeric class II cytokine receptor that consists of interleukin 10 receptor, beta (IL10RB) and interleukin 28 receptor, alpha (IL28RA). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCT8 | chaperonin containing TCP1, subunit 8 (theta)|This gene encodes the theta subunit of the CCT chaperonin, which is abundant in the eukaryotic cytosol and may be involved in the transport and assembly of newly synthesized proteins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. A pseudogene related to this gene is located on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| IFNL3 | interferon, lambda 3|This gene encodes a cytokine distantly related to type I interferons and the IL-10 family. This gene, interleukin 28A (IL28A), and interleukin 29 (IL29) are three closely related cytokine genes that form a cytokine gene cluster on a chromosomal region mapped to 19q13. Expression of the cytokines encoded by the three genes can be induced by viral infection. All three cytokines have been shown to interact with a heterodimeric class II cytokine receptor that consists of interleukin 10 receptor, beta (IL10RB) and interleukin 28 receptor, alpha (IL28RA). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MIER3 | mesoderm induction early response 1, family member 3| |
| RWDD2B | RWD domain containing 2B| |
| CCT2 | chaperonin containing TCP1, subunit 2 (beta)|The protein encoded by this gene is a molecular chaperone that is a member of the chaperonin containing TCP1 complex (CCT), also known as the TCP1 ring complex (TRiC). This complex consists of two identical stacked rings, each containing eight different proteins. Unfolded polypeptides enter the central cavity of the complex and are folded in an ATP-dependent manner. The complex folds various proteins, including actin and tubulin. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| CCT3 | chaperonin containing TCP1, subunit 3 (gamma)|The protein encoded by this gene is a molecular chaperone that is a member of the chaperonin containing TCP1 complex (CCT), also known as the TCP1 ring complex (TRiC). This complex consists of two identical stacked rings, each containing eight different proteins. Unfolded polypeptides enter the central cavity of the complex and are folded in an ATP-dependent manner. The complex folds various proteins, including actin and tubulin. Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been characterized for this gene. In addition, a pseudogene of this gene has been found on chromosome 8. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| TRPV3 | transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 3|This gene product belongs to a family of nonselective cation channels that function in a variety of processes, including temperature sensation and vasoregulation. The thermosensitive members of this family are expressed in subsets of sensory neurons that terminate in the skin, and are activated at distinct physiological temperatures. This channel is activated at temperatures between 22 and 40 degrees C. This gene lies in close proximity to another family member gene on chromosome 17, and the two encoded proteins are thought to associate with each other to form heteromeric channels. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| CCT7 | chaperonin containing TCP1, subunit 7 (eta)|This gene encodes a molecular chaperone that is a member of the chaperonin containing TCP1 complex (CCT), also known as the TCP1 ring complex (TRiC). This complex consists of two identical stacked rings, each containing eight different proteins. Unfolded polypeptides enter the central cavity of the complex and are folded in an ATP-dependent manner. The complex folds various proteins, including actin and tubulin. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 5 and 6. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| MRFAP1L1 | Morf4 family associated protein 1-like 1| |
| CCT5 | chaperonin containing TCP1, subunit 5 (epsilon)|The protein encoded by this gene is a molecular chaperone that is a member of the chaperonin containing TCP1 complex (CCT), also known as the TCP1 ring complex (TRiC). This complex consists of two identical stacked rings, each containing eight different proteins. Unfolded polypeptides enter the central cavity of the complex and are folded in an ATP-dependent manner. The complex folds various proteins, including actin and tubulin. Mutations in this gene cause hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy with spastic paraplegia (HSNSP). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 5 and 13. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| TAX1BP3 | Tax1 (human T-cell leukemia virus type I) binding protein 3| |
| DDAH1 | dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1|This gene belongs to the dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) gene family. The encoded enzyme plays a role in nitric oxide generation by regulating cellular concentrations of methylarginines, which in turn inhibit nitric oxide synthase activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TIMM13 | translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 13 homolog (yeast)|This gene encodes a member of the evolutionarily conserved TIMM (translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane) family of proteins that function as chaperones in the import of proteins from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Proteins of this family play a role in collecting substrate proteins from the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM) complex and delivering them to either the sorting and assembly machinery in the outer mitochondrial membrane (SAM) complex or the TIMM22 complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The encoded protein and the translocase of mitochondrial inner membrane 8a protein form a 70 kDa complex in the intermembrane space. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| TIMM10 | translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 10 homolog (yeast)|The mitochondrial protein encoded by this gene belongs to a family of evolutionarily conserved proteins that are organized in heterooligomeric complexes in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. These proteins mediate the import and insertion of hydrophobic membrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane, functioning as intermembrane space chaperones for the highly insoluble carrier proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| LINC00521 | long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 521| |
| OPCML | opioid binding protein/cell adhesion molecule-like|This gene encodes a member of the IgLON subfamily in the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. The encoded protein is localized in the plasma membrane and may have an accessory role in opioid receptor function. This gene has an ortholog in rat and bovine. The opioid binding-cell adhesion molecule encoded by the rat gene binds opioid alkaloids in the presence of acidic lipids, exhibits selectivity for mu ligands and acts as a GPI-anchored protein. Since the encoded protein is highly conserved in species during evolution, it may have a fundamental role in mammalian systems. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARL13B | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 13B|This gene encodes a member of the ADP-ribosylation factor-like family. The encoded protein is a small GTPase that contains both N-terminal and C-terminal guanine nucleotide-binding motifs. This protein is localized in the cilia and plays a role in cilia formation and in maintenance of cilia. Mutations in this gene are the cause of Joubert syndrome 8. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| ARL13A | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 13A| |
| STAG1 | stromal antigen 1|This gene is a member of the SCC3 family and is expressed in the nucleus. It encodes a component of cohesin, a multisubunit protein complex that provides sister chromatid cohesion along the length of a chromosome from DNA replication through prophase and prometaphase, after which it is dissociated in preparation for segregation during anaphase. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TICRR | TOPBP1-interacting checkpoint and replication regulator|Treslin is involved in the initiation of DNA replication (Kumagai et al., 2010 [PubMed 20116089]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010] |
| MC3R | melanocortin 3 receptor|This gene encodes a G-protein-coupled receptor for melanocyte-stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone that is expressed in tissues other than the adrenal cortex and melanocytes. This gene maps to the same region as the locus for benign neonatal epilepsy. Mice deficient for this gene have increased fat mass despite decreased food intake, suggesting a role for this gene product in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Mutations in this gene are associated with a susceptibility to obesity in humans. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDK5RAP2 | CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 2|This gene encodes a regulator of CDK5 (cyclin-dependent kinase 5) activity. The protein encoded by this gene is localized to the centrosome and Golgi complex, interacts with CDK5R1 and pericentrin (PCNT), plays a role in centriole engagement and microtubule nucleation, and has been linked to primary microcephaly and Alzheimer's disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| AKTIP | AKT interacting protein|The mouse homolog of this gene produces fused toes and thymic hyperplasia in heterozygous mutant animals while homozygous mutants die in early development. This gene may play a role in apoptosis as these morphological abnormalities are caused by altered patterns of programmed cell death. The protein encoded by this gene is similar to the ubiquitin ligase domain of other ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes but lacks the conserved cysteine residue that enables those enzymes to conjugate ubiquitin to the target protein. This protein interacts directly with serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt and modulates PKB activity by enhancing the phosphorylation of PKB's regulatory sites. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UBALD1 | UBA-like domain containing 1| |
| ZC3H8 | zinc finger CCCH-type containing 8| |
| LRR1 | leucine rich repeat protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene contains a leucine-rich repeat (LRR). It specifically interacts with TNFRSF9/4-1BB, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. Overexpression of this gene suppresses the activation of NF-kappa B induced by TNFRSF9 or TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), which suggests that this protein is a negative regulator of TNFRSF9-mediated signaling cascades. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| GFM1 | G elongation factor, mitochondrial 1|Eukaryotes contain two protein translational systems, one in the cytoplasm and one in the mitochondria. Mitochondrial translation is crucial for maintaining mitochondrial function and mutations in this system lead to a breakdown in the respiratory chain-oxidative phosphorylation system and to impaired maintenance of mitochondrial DNA. This gene encodes one of the mitochondrial translation elongation factors. Its role in the regulation of normal mitochondrial function and in different disease states attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZC3H3 | zinc finger CCCH-type containing 3| |
| COL22A1 | collagen, type XXII, alpha 1|COL22A1, a member of the FACIT (fibrillar-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices) subgroup of the collagen protein family, specifically localizes to tissue junctions (Koch et al., 2004 [PubMed 15016833]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ZC3H4 | zinc finger CCCH-type containing 4|This gene encodes a member of a family of CCCH (C-x8-C-x5-C-x3-H type) zinc finger domain-containing proteins. These zinc finger domains, which coordinate zinc finger binding and are characterized by three cysteine residues and one histidine residue, are nucleic acid-binding. Other family members are known to function in post-transcriptional regulation. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| ZC3H6 | zinc finger CCCH-type containing 6| |
| RIPPLY3 | ripply transcriptional repressor 3| |
| ERVK-19 | endogenous retrovirus group K, member 19| |
| USMG5 | up-regulated during skeletal muscle growth 5 homolog (mouse)| |
| ERVK-10 | endogenous retrovirus group K, member 10| |
| CYP2J2 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily J, polypeptide 2|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and is thought to be the predominant enzyme responsible for epoxidation of endogenous arachidonic acid in cardiac tissue. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FMNL1 | formin-like 1|This gene encodes a formin-related protein. Formin-related proteins have been implicated in morphogenesis, cytokinesis, and cell polarity. An alternative splice variant has been described but its full length sequence has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CIDEA | cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector a|This gene encodes the homolog of the mouse protein Cidea that has been shown to activate apoptosis. This activation of apoptosis is inhibited by the DNA fragmentation factor DFF45 but not by caspase inhibitors. Mice that lack functional Cidea have higher metabolic rates, higher lipolysis in brown adipose tissue and higher core body temperatures when subjected to cold. These mice are also resistant to diet-induced obesity and diabetes. This suggests that in mice this gene product plays a role in thermogenesis and lipolysis. Alternatively spliced transcripts have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| CROT | carnitine O-octanoyltransferase|This gene encodes a member of the carnitine/choline acetyltransferase family. The encoded protein converts 4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoA to its corresponding carnitine ester. This transesterification occurs in the peroxisome and is necessary for transport of medium- and long- chain acyl-CoA molecules out of the peroxisome to the cytosol and mitochondria. The protein thus plays a role in lipid metabolism and fatty acid beta-oxidation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| NPHS1 | nephrosis 1, congenital, Finnish type (nephrin)|This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin family of cell adhesion molecules that functions in the glomerular filtration barrier in the kidney. The gene is primarily expressed in renal tissues, and the protein is a type-1 transmembrane protein found at the slit diaphragm of glomerular podocytes. The slit diaphragm is thought to function as an ultrafilter to exclude albumin and other plasma macromolecules in the formation of urine. Mutations in this gene result in Finnish-type congenital nephrosis 1, characterized by severe proteinuria and loss of the slit diaphragm and foot processes.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| TNFRSF10C | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10c, decoy without an intracellular domain|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor contains an extracellular TRAIL-binding domain and a transmembrane domain, but no cytoplasmic death domain. This receptor is not capable of inducing apoptosis, and is thought to function as an antagonistic receptor that protects cells from TRAIL-induced apoptosis. This gene was found to be a p53-regulated DNA damage-inducible gene. The expression of this gene was detected in many normal tissues but not in most cancer cell lines, which may explain the specific sensitivity of cancer cells to the apoptosis-inducing activity of TRAIL. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TNFRSF10B | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10b|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily, and contains an intracellular death domain. This receptor can be activated by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TNFSF10/TRAIL/APO-2L), and transduces an apoptosis signal. Studies with FADD-deficient mice suggested that FADD, a death domain containing adaptor protein, is required for the apoptosis mediated by this protein. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms and one non-coding transcript have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| XIAP | X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to a family of apoptotic suppressor proteins. Members of this family share a conserved motif termed, baculovirus IAP repeat, which is necessary for their anti-apoptotic function. This protein functions through binding to tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors TRAF1 and TRAF2 and inhibits apoptosis induced by menadione, a potent inducer of free radicals, and interleukin 1-beta converting enzyme. This protein also inhibits at least two members of the caspase family of cell-death proteases, caspase-3 and caspase-7. Mutations in this gene are the cause of X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 2 and 11.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| SLC4A1 | solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1 (Diego blood group)|The protein encoded by this gene is part of the anion exchanger (AE) family and is expressed in the erythrocyte plasma membrane, where it functions as a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger involved in carbon dioxide transport from tissues to lungs. The protein comprises two domains that are structurally and functionally distinct. The N-terminal 40kDa domain is located in the cytoplasm and acts as an attachment site for the red cell skeleton by binding ankyrin. The glycosylated C-terminal membrane-associated domain contains 12-14 membrane spanning segments and carries out the stilbene disulphonate-sensitive exchange transport of anions. The cytoplasmic tail at the extreme C-terminus of the membrane domain binds carbonic anhydrase II. The encoded protein associates with the red cell membrane protein glycophorin A and this association promotes the correct folding and translocation of the exchanger. This protein is predominantly dimeric but forms tetramers in the presence of ankyrin. Many mutations in this gene are known in man, and these mutations can lead to two types of disease: destabilization of red cell membrane leading to hereditary spherocytosis, and defective kidney acid secretion leading to distal renal tubular acidosis. Other mutations that do not give rise to disease result in novel blood group antigens, which form the Diego blood group system. Southeast Asian ovalocytosis (SAO, Melanesian ovalocytosis) results from the heterozygous presence of a deletion in the encoded protein and is common in areas where Plasmodium falciparum malaria is endemic. One null mutation in this gene is known, resulting in very severe anemia and nephrocalcinosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC4A3 | solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 3| |
| TNFRSF10D | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10d, decoy with truncated death domain|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor contains an extracellular TRAIL-binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and a truncated cytoplamic death domain. This receptor does not induce apoptosis, and has been shown to play an inhibitory role in TRAIL-induced cell apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DCTN2 | dynactin 2 (p50)|This gene encodes a 50-kD subunit of dynactin, a macromolecular complex consisting of 10-11 subunits ranging in size from 22 to 150 kD. Dynactin binds to both microtubules and cytoplasmic dynein. It is involved in a diverse array of cellular functions, including ER-to-Golgi transport, the centripetal movement of lysosomes and endosomes, spindle formation, chromosome movement, nuclear positioning, and axonogenesis. This subunit is present in 4-5 copies per dynactin molecule. It contains three short alpha-helical coiled-coil domains that may mediate association with self or other dynactin subunits. It may interact directly with the largest subunit (p150) of dynactin and may affix p150 in place. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| DCTN3 | dynactin 3 (p22)|This gene encodes the smallest subunit of dynactin, a macromolecular complex consisting of 10 subunits ranging in size from 22 to 150 kD. Dynactin binds to both microtubules and cytoplasmic dynein. It is involved in a diverse array of cellular functions, including ER-to-Golgi transport, the centripetal movement of lysosomes and endosomes, spindle formation, cytokinesis, chromosome movement, nuclear positioning, and axonogenesis. This subunit, like most other dynactin subunits, exists only as a part of the dynactin complex. It is primarily an alpha-helical protein with very little coiled coil, and binds directly to the largest subunit (p150) of dynactin. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| NUP88 | nucleoporin 88kDa|The nuclear pore complex is a massive structure that extends across the nuclear envelope, forming a gateway that regulates the flow of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Nucleoporins, a family of 50 to 100 proteins, are the main components of the nuclear pore complex in eukaryotic cells. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the nucleoporin family and is associated with the oncogenic nucleoporin CAN/Nup214 in a dynamic subcomplex. This protein is also overexpressed in a large number of malignant neoplasms and precancerous dysplasias. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DCTN1 | dynactin 1|This gene encodes the largest subunit of dynactin, a macromolecular complex consisting of 10 subunits ranging in size from 22 to 150 kD. Dynactin binds to both microtubules and cytoplasmic dynein. Dynactin is involved in a diverse array of cellular functions, including ER-to-Golgi transport, the centripetal movement of lysosomes and endosomes, spindle formation, chromosome movement, nuclear positioning, and axonogenesis. This subunit interacts with dynein intermediate chain by its domains directly binding to dynein and binds to microtubules via a highly conserved glycine-rich cytoskeleton-associated protein (CAP-Gly) domain in its N-terminus. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Mutations in this gene cause distal hereditary motor neuronopathy type VIIB (HMN7B) which is also known as distal spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (dSBMA). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| DCTN6 | dynactin 6|The protein encoded by this gene contains an RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) motif in the N-terminal region, which confers adhesive properties to macromolecular proteins like fibronectin. It shares a high degree of sequence similarity with the mouse homolog, which has been suggested to play a role in mitochondrial biogenesis. The exact biological function of this gene is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC4A8 | solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 8|The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane protein that functions to transport sodium and bicarbonate ions across the cell membrane. The encoded protein is important for pH regulation in neurons. The activity of this protein can be inhibited by 4,4'-Di-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS). Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| DCTN4 | dynactin 4 (p62)| |
| DCTN5 | dynactin 5 (p25)|This gene encodes a subunit of dynactin, a component of the cytoplasmic dynein motor machinery involved in minus-end-directed transport. The encoded protein is a component of the pointed-end subcomplex and is thought to bind membranous cargo. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 1. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| RPS4Y2 | ribosomal protein S4, Y-linked 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a ribosomal protein that is highly similar to RPS4Y1. This gene is located in the male-specific region of the Y chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| KCMF1 | potassium channel modulatory factor 1| |
| RPS4Y1 | ribosomal protein S4, Y-linked 1|Cytoplasmic ribosomes, organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes ribosomal protein S4, a component of the 40S subunit. Ribosomal protein S4 is the only ribosomal protein known to be encoded by more than one gene, namely this gene and ribosomal protein S4, X-linked (RPS4X). The 2 isoforms encoded by these genes are not identical, but are functionally equivalent. Ribosomal protein S4 belongs to the S4E family of ribosomal proteins. It has been suggested that haploinsufficiency of the ribosomal protein S4 genes plays a role in Turner syndrome; however, this hypothesis is controversial. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM186B | family with sequence similarity 186, member B|This gene product is a member of the FAM186 family, however, its exact function is not known. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| ASPA | aspartoacylase|This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of N-acetyl_L-aspartic acid (NAA) to aspartate and acetate. NAA is abundant in the brain where hydrolysis by aspartoacylase is thought to help maintain white matter. This protein is an NAA scavenger in other tissues. Mutations in this gene cause Canavan disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CIITA | class II, major histocompatibility complex, transactivator|This gene encodes a protein with an acidic transcriptional activation domain, 4 LRRs (leucine-rich repeats) and a GTP binding domain. The protein is located in the nucleus and acts as a positive regulator of class II major histocompatibility complex gene transcription, and is referred to as the "master control factor" for the expression of these genes. The protein also binds GTP and uses GTP binding to facilitate its own transport into the nucleus. Once in the nucleus it does not bind DNA but rather uses an intrinsic acetyltransferase (AT) activity to act in a coactivator-like fashion. Mutations in this gene have been associated with bare lymphocyte syndrome type II (also known as hereditary MHC class II deficiency or HLA class II-deficient combined immunodeficiency), increased susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and possibly myocardial infarction. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| ASPH | aspartate beta-hydroxylase|This gene is thought to play an important role in calcium homeostasis. The gene is expressed from two promoters and undergoes extensive alternative splicing. The encoded set of proteins share varying amounts of overlap near their N-termini but have substantial variations in their C-terminal domains resulting in distinct functional properties. The longest isoforms (a and f) include a C-terminal Aspartyl/Asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase domain that hydroxylates aspartic acid or asparagine residues in the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains of some proteins, including protein C, coagulation factors VII, IX, and X, and the complement factors C1R and C1S. Other isoforms differ primarily in the C-terminal sequence and lack the hydroxylase domain, and some have been localized to the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum. Some of these isoforms are found in complexes with calsequestrin, triadin, and the ryanodine receptor, and have been shown to regulate calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Some isoforms have been implicated in metastasis. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| HTR7 | 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 7, adenylate cyclase-coupled|The neurotransmitter, serotonin, is thought to play a role in various cognitive and behavioral functions. The serotonin receptor encoded by this gene belongs to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors and the gene is a candidate locus for involvement in autistic disorder and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Three splice variants have been identified which encode proteins that differ in the length of their carboxy terminal ends. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ERC1 | ELKS/RAB6-interacting/CAST family member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of RIM-binding proteins. RIMs are active zone proteins that regulate neurotransmitter release. This gene has been found fused to the receptor-type tyrosine kinase gene RET by gene rearrangement due to the translocation t(10;12)(q11;p13) in thyroid papillary carcinoma. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| PLEKHD1 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family D (with coiled-coil domains) member 1| |
| ERC2 | ELKS/RAB6-interacting/CAST family member 2| |
| NEXN | nexilin (F actin binding protein)|This gene encodes a filamentous actin-binding protein that may function in cell adhesion and migration. Mutations in this gene have been associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, also known as CMD1CC. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| CHMP4C | charged multivesicular body protein 4C|CHMP4C belongs to the chromatin-modifying protein/charged multivesicular body protein (CHMP) family. These proteins are components of ESCRT-III (endosomal sorting complex required for transport III), a complex involved in degradation of surface receptor proteins and formation of endocytic multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Some CHMPs have both nuclear and cytoplasmic/vesicular distributions, and one such CHMP, CHMP1A (MIM 164010), is required for both MVB formation and regulation of cell cycle progression (Tsang et al., 2006 [PubMed 16730941]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| BROX | BRO1 domain and CAAX motif containing| |
| FAM96A | family with sequence similarity 96, member A| |
| GCNT6 | glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 6| |
| CYP20A1 | cytochrome P450, family 20, subfamily A, polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases that catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein lacks one amino acid of the conserved heme binding site. It also lacks the conserved I-helix motif AGX(D,E)T, suggesting that its substrate may carry its own oxygen. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM86B2 | family with sequence similarity 86, member B2| |
| FAM86B1 | family with sequence similarity 86, member B1| |
| MXRA5 | matrix-remodelling associated 5|This gene encodes one of the matrix-remodelling associated proteins. This protein contains 7 leucine-rich repeats and 12 immunoglobulin-like C2-type domains related to perlecan. This gene has a pseudogene on chromosome Y. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| SLC43A2 | solute carrier family 43 (amino acid system L transporter), member 2|System L amino acid transporters, such as SLC43A2, mediate sodium-independent transport of bulky neutral amino acids across cell membranes (Bodoy et al., 2005 [PubMed 15659399]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| RNF25 | ring finger protein 25|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger motif. The mouse counterpart of this protein has been shown to interact with Rela, the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB (NFKB), and modulate NFKB-mediated transcription activity. The mouse protein also binds ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) and is a substrate for E2-dependent ubiquitination. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MXRA8 | matrix-remodelling associated 8| |
| UBE2V2 | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 2|Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant proteins constitute a distinct subfamily within the E2 protein family. They have sequence similarity to other ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes but lack the conserved cysteine residue that is critical for the catalytic activity of E2s. The protein encoded by this gene also shares homology with ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 1 and yeast MMS2 gene product. It may be involved in the differentiation of monocytes and enterocytes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNF26 | ring finger protein 26|The protein encoded by this intronless gene contains a C3HC5 type of RING finger, a motif known to be involved in protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions. The expression of this gene was found to be upregulated in cancer cell lines derived from different types of cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNF20 | ring finger protein 20, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|The protein encoded by this gene shares similarity with BRE1 of S. cerevisiae. The protein encoded by this human gene is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates chromosome structure by monoubiquitinating histone H2B. This protein acts as a putative tumor suppressor and positively regulates the p53 tumor suppressor as well as numerous histone H2A and H2B genes. In contrast, this protein also suppresses the expression of several protooncogenes and growth-related genes, including many genes that are induced by epidermal growth factor. This gene selectively suppresses the expression of some genes by interfering with chromatin recruitment of transcription elongation factor SII (TFIIS). [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| TAF2 | TAF2 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 150kDa|Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the activities of more than 70 polypeptides. The protein that coordinates these activities is transcription factor IID (TFIID), which binds to the core promoter to position the polymerase properly, serves as the scaffold for assembly of the remainder of the transcription complex, and acts as a channel for regulatory signals. TFIID is composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins known as TBP-associated factors or TAFs. TAFs may participate in basal transcription, serve as coactivators, function in promoter recognition or modify general transcription factors (GTFs) to facilitate complex assembly and transcription initiation. This gene encodes one of the larger subunits of TFIID that is stably associated with the TFIID complex. It contributes to interactions at and downstream of the transcription initiation site, interactions that help determine transcription complex response to activators. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF732 | zinc finger protein 732| |
| ZNF730 | zinc finger protein 730| |
| ZNF880 | zinc finger protein 880| |
| ZNF737 | zinc finger protein 737| |
| ZNF883 | zinc finger protein 883| |
| UBIAD1 | UbiA prenyltransferase domain containing 1|This gene encodes a protein thought to be involved in cholesterol and phospholipid metabolism. Mutations in this gene are associated with Schnyder crystalline corneal dystrophy. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| LSP1 | lymphocyte-specific protein 1|This gene encodes an intracellular F-actin binding protein. The protein is expressed in lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, and endothelium and may regulate neutrophil motility, adhesion to fibrinogen matrix proteins, and transendothelial migration. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NMT1 | N-myristoyltransferase 1|Myristate, a rare 14-carbon saturated fatty acid, is cotranslationally attached by an amide linkage to the N-terminal glycine residue of cellular and viral proteins with diverse functions. N-myristoyltransferase (NMT; EC 2.3.1.97) catalyzes the transfer of myristate from CoA to proteins. N-myristoylation appears to be irreversible and is required for full expression of the biologic activities of several N-myristoylated proteins, including the alpha subunit of the signal-transducing guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) GO (GNAO1; MIM 139311) (Duronio et al., 1992 [PubMed 1570339]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2008] |
| BAD | BCL2-associated agonist of cell death|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the BCL-2 family. BCL-2 family members are known to be regulators of programmed cell death. This protein positively regulates cell apoptosis by forming heterodimers with BCL-xL and BCL-2, and reversing their death repressor activity. Proapoptotic activity of this protein is regulated through its phosphorylation. Protein kinases AKT and MAP kinase, as well as protein phosphatase calcineurin were found to be involved in the regulation of this protein. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants which encode the same isoform. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATP5L | ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit G|Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. It is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, which comprises the proton channel. The F1 complex consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled in a ratio of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The Fo seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the g subunit of the Fo complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| SSTR3 | somatostatin receptor 3|This gene encodes a member of the somatostatin receptor protein family. Somatostatins are peptide hormones that regulate diverse cellular functions such as neurotransmission, cell proliferation, and endocrine signaling as well as inhibiting the release of many hormones and other secretory proteins. Somatostatin has two active forms of 14 and 28 amino acids. The biological effects of somatostatins are mediated by a family of G-protein coupled somatostatin receptors that are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Somatostatin receptors form homodimers and heterodimers with other members of the superfamily as well as with other G-protein coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. This protein is functionally coupled to adenylyl cyclase. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| SSTR2 | somatostatin receptor 2|Somatostatin acts at many sites to inhibit the release of many hormones and other secretory proteins. The biologic effects of somatostatin are probably mediated by a family of G protein-coupled receptors that are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. SSTR2 is a member of the superfamily of receptors having seven transmembrane segments and is expressed in highest levels in cerebrum and kidney. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SSTR5 | somatostatin receptor 5|Somatostatin and its related peptide cortistatin exert multiple biological actions on normal and tumoral tissue targets by interacting with somatostatin receptors (SSTRs). The protein encoded by this gene is one of the SSTRs, which is a multi-pass membrane protein and belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase, and different regions of this receptor molecule are required for the activation of different signaling pathways. A mutation in this gene results in somatostatin analog resistance. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified in this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| SSTR4 | somatostatin receptor 4|Somatostatin acts at many sites to inhibit the release of many hormones and other secretory proteins. The biologic effects of somatostatin are probably mediated by a family of G protein-coupled receptors that are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. SSTR4 is a member of the superfamily of receptors having seven transmembrane segments and is expressed in highest levels in fetal and adult brain and lung. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| A2ML1 | alpha-2-macroglobulin-like 1|This gene encodes a member of the alpha-macroglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein acts as an inhibitor for several proteases, and has been reported as the p170 antigen recognized by autoantibodies in the autoimmune disease paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP; PMID: 20805888). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| RADIL | Ras association and DIL domains| |
| CLEC18C | C-type lectin domain family 18, member C| |
| MAPRE2 | microtubule-associated protein, RP/EB family, member 2|The protein encoded by this gene shares significant homology to the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein-binding EB1 gene family. This protein is a microtubule-associated protein that is necessary for spindle symmetry during mitosis. It is thought to play a role in the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancers and the proliferative control of normal cells. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| LDLRAP1 | low density lipoprotein receptor adaptor protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytosolic protein which contains a phosphotyrosine binding (PTD) domain. The PTD domain has been found to interact with the cytoplasmic tail of the LDL receptor. Mutations in this gene lead to LDL receptor malfunction and cause the disorder autosomal recessive hypercholesterolaemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANKRD45 | ankyrin repeat domain 45| |
| TOX | thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box|The protein encoded by this gene contains a HMG box DNA binding domain. HMG boxes are found in many eukaryotic proteins involved in chromatin assembly, transcription and replication. This protein may function to regulate T-cell development.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| PCID2 | PCI domain containing 2|PCID2 is expressed in immature and early-stage B lymphocytes and regulates expression of the mitotic checkpoint protein MAD2 (MAD2L1; MIM 601467) (Nakaya et al., 2010 [PubMed 20870947]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2011] |
| IGSF8 | immunoglobulin superfamily, member 8|This gene encodes a member the EWI subfamily of the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Members of this family contain a single transmembrane domain, an EWI (Glu-Trp-Ile)-motif and a variable number of immunoglobulin domains. This protein interacts with the tetraspanins CD81 and CD9 and may regulate their role in certain cellular functions including cell migration and viral infection. The encoded protein may also function as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting the proliferation of certain cancers. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| IGSF9 | immunoglobulin superfamily, member 9| |
| FURIN | furin (paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme)|This gene encodes a member of the subtilisin-like proprotein convertase family, which includes proteases that process protein and peptide precursors trafficking through regulated or constitutive branches of the secretory pathway. It encodes a type 1 membrane bound protease that is expressed in many tissues, including neuroendocrine, liver, gut, and brain. The encoded protein undergoes an initial autocatalytic processing event in the ER and then sorts to the trans-Golgi network through endosomes where a second autocatalytic event takes place and the catalytic activity is acquired. The product of this gene is one of the seven basic amino acid-specific members which cleave their substrates at single or paired basic residues. Some of its substrates include proparathyroid hormone, transforming growth factor beta 1 precursor, proalbumin, pro-beta-secretase, membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase, beta subunit of pro-nerve growth factor and von Willebrand factor. It is also thought to be one of the proteases responsible for the activation of HIV envelope glycoproteins gp160 and gp140 and may play a role in tumor progression. This gene is located in close proximity to family member proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 6 and upstream of the FES oncogene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| G6PC | glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic subunit|Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) is a multi-subunit integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum that is composed of a catalytic subunit and transporters for G6P, inorganic phosphate, and glucose. This gene (G6PC) is one of the three glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic-subunit-encoding genes in human: G6PC, G6PC2 and G6PC3. Glucose-6-phosphatase catalyzes the hydrolysis of D-glucose 6-phosphate to D-glucose and orthophosphate and is a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, functioning in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. Mutations in this gene cause glycogen storage disease type I (GSD1). This disease, also known as von Gierke disease, is a metabolic disorder characterized by severe hypoglycemia associated with the accumulation of glycogen and fat in the liver and kidneys.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| IGSF6 | immunoglobulin superfamily, member 6| |
| CHI3L2 | chitinase 3-like 2|The protein encoded by this gene is similar to bacterial chitinases but lacks chitinase activity. The encoded protein is secreted and is involved in cartilage biogenesis. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| SPARCL1 | SPARC-like 1 (hevin)| |
| MYOT | myotilin|This gene encodes a cystoskeletal protein which plays a significant role in the stability of thin filaments during muscle contraction. This protein binds F-actin, crosslinks actin filaments, and prevents latrunculin A-induced filament disassembly. Mutations in this gene have been associated with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy and myofibrillar myopathies. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| CTNNB1 | catenin (cadherin-associated protein), beta 1, 88kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is part of a complex of proteins that constitute adherens junctions (AJs). AJs are necessary for the creation and maintenance of epithelial cell layers by regulating cell growth and adhesion between cells. The encoded protein also anchors the actin cytoskeleton and may be responsible for transmitting the contact inhibition signal that causes cells to stop dividing once the epithelial sheet is complete. Finally, this protein binds to the product of the APC gene, which is mutated in adenomatous polyposis of the colon. Mutations in this gene are a cause of colorectal cancer (CRC), pilomatrixoma (PTR), medulloblastoma (MDB), and ovarian cancer. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| AQP5 | aquaporin 5|Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) is a water channel protein. Aquaporins are a family of small integral membrane proteins related to the major intrinsic protein (MIP or AQP0). Aquaporin 5 plays a role in the generation of saliva, tears and pulmonary secretions. AQP0, AQP2, AQP5, and AQP6 are closely related and all map to 12q13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C10orf82 | chromosome 10 open reading frame 82| |
| MYOC | myocilin, trabecular meshwork inducible glucocorticoid response|MYOC encodes the protein myocilin, which is believed to have a role in cytoskeletal function. MYOC is expressed in many occular tissues, including the trabecular meshwork, and was revealed to be the trabecular meshwork glucocorticoid-inducible response protein (TIGR). The trabecular meshwork is a specialized eye tissue essential in regulating intraocular pressure, and mutations in MYOC have been identified as the cause of hereditary juvenile-onset open-angle glaucoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MOB1A | MOB kinase activator 1A| |
| MOB1B | MOB kinase activator 1B|The protein encoded by this gene is similar to the yeast Mob1 protein. Yeast Mob1 binds Mps1p, a protein kinase essential for spindle pole body duplication and mitotic checkpoint regulation. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| HMOX2 | heme oxygenase 2|Heme oxygenase, an essential enzyme in heme catabolism, cleaves heme to form biliverdin, which is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase, and carbon monoxide, a putative neurotransmitter. Heme oxygenase activity is induced by its substrate heme and by various nonheme substances. Heme oxygenase occurs as 2 isozymes, an inducible heme oxygenase-1 and a constitutive heme oxygenase-2. HMOX1 and HMOX2 belong to the heme oxygenase family. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding three different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2013] |
| MYOG | myogenin (myogenic factor 4)|Myogenin is a muscle-specific transcription factor that can induce myogenesis in a variety of cell types in tissue culture. It is a member of a large family of proteins related by sequence homology, the helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins. It is essential for the development of functional skeletal muscle. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MYOF | myoferlin|Mutations in dysferlin, a protein associated with the plasma membrane, can cause muscle weakness that affects both proximal and distal muscles. The protein encoded by this gene is a type II membrane protein that is structurally similar to dysferlin. It is a member of the ferlin family and associates with both plasma and nuclear membranes. The protein contains C2 domains that play a role in calcium-mediated membrane fusion events, suggesting that it may be involved in membrane regeneration and repair. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Other possible variants have been detected, but their full-length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| AQP3 | aquaporin 3 (Gill blood group)|This gene encodes the water channel protein aquaporin 3. Aquaporins are a family of small integral membrane proteins related to the major intrinsic protein, also known as aquaporin 0. Aquaporin 3 is localized at the basal lateral membranes of collecting duct cells in the kidney. In addition to its water channel function, aquaporin 3 has been found to facilitate the transport of nonionic small solutes such as urea and glycerol, but to a smaller degree. It has been suggested that water channels can be functionally heterogeneous and possess water and solute permeation mechanisms. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| TMEM41A | transmembrane protein 41A| |
| TMEM41B | transmembrane protein 41B| |
| LRRC4 | leucine rich repeat containing 4|This gene is significantly downregulated in primary brain tumors. The exact function of the protein encoded by this gene is unknown. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CNOT8 | CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 8| |
| NHS | Nance-Horan syndrome (congenital cataracts and dental anomalies)|This gene encodes a protein containing four conserved nuclear localization signals. The encoded protein functions in eye, tooth, craniofacial and brain development, and it can regulate actin remodeling and cell morphology. Mutations in this gene have been shown to cause Nance-Horan syndrome, and also X-linked cataract-40. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| RFC2 | replication factor C (activator 1) 2, 40kDa|This gene encodes a member of the activator 1 small subunits family. The elongation of primed DNA templates by DNA polymerase delta and epsilon requires the action of the accessory proteins, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and replication factor C (RFC). Replication factor C, also called activator 1, is a protein complex consisting of five distinct subunits. This gene encodes the 40 kD subunit, which has been shown to be responsible for binding ATP and may help promote cell survival. Disruption of this gene is associated with Williams syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. A pseudogene of this gene has been defined on chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| CNOT3 | CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 3| |
| APOL6 | apolipoprotein L, 6|This gene is a member of the apolipoprotein L gene family. The encoded protein is found in the cytoplasm, where it may affect the movement of lipids or allow the binding of lipids to organelles. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| APOL5 | apolipoprotein L, 5|This gene is a member of the apolipoprotein L gene family. The encoded protein is found in the cytoplasm, where it may affect the movement of lipids or allow the binding of lipids to organelles. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CNOT7 | CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 7|The protein encoded by this gene binds to an anti-proliferative protein, B-cell translocation protein 1, which negatively regulates cell proliferation. Binding of the two proteins, which is driven by phosphorylation of the anti-proliferative protein, causes signaling events in cell division that lead to changes in cell proliferation associated with cell-cell contact. The encoded protein downregulates the innate immune response and therefore provides a therapeutic target for enhancing its antimicrobial activity against foreign agents. Alternate splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| CNOT6 | CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 6|This gene encodes the catalytic component of the CCR4-NOT core transcriptional regulation complex. The encoded protein has a 3'-5' RNase activity and prefers polyadenylated substrates. The CCR4-NOT complex plays a role in many cellular processes, including miRNA-mediated repression, mRNA degradation, and transcriptional regulation. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| APOL1 | apolipoprotein L, 1|This gene encodes a secreted high density lipoprotein which binds to apolipoprotein A-I. Apolipoprotein A-I is a relatively abundant plasma protein and is the major apoprotein of HDL. It is involved in the formation of most cholesteryl esters in plasma and also promotes efflux of cholesterol from cells. This apolipoprotein L family member may play a role in lipid exchange and transport throughout the body, as well as in reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral cells to the liver. Several different transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| RNMT | RNA (guanine-7-) methyltransferase| |
| ITGB1 | integrin, beta 1 (fibronectin receptor, beta polypeptide, antigen CD29 includes MDF2, MSK12)|Integrins are heterodimeric proteins made up of alpha and beta subunits. At least 18 alpha and 8 beta subunits have been described in mammals. Integrin family members are membrane receptors involved in cell adhesion and recognition in a variety of processes including embryogenesis, hemostasis, tissue repair, immune response and metastatic diffusion of tumor cells. This gene encodes a beta subunit. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants which encode different protein isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NOS1 | nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of nitric oxide synthases, which synthesize nitric oxide from L-arginine. Nitric oxide is a reactive free radical, which acts as a biologic mediator in several processes, including neurotransmission, and antimicrobial and antitumoral activities. In the brain and peripheral nervous system, nitric oxide displays many properties of a neurotransmitter, and has been implicated in neurotoxicity associated with stroke and neurodegenerative diseases, neural regulation of smooth muscle, including peristalsis, and penile erection. This protein is ubiquitously expressed, with high level of expression in skeletal muscle. Multiple transcript variants that differ in the 5' UTR have been described for this gene but the full-length nature of these transcripts is not known. Additionally, alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms (some testis-specific) have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| ITGB3 | integrin, beta 3 (platelet glycoprotein IIIa, antigen CD61)|The ITGB3 protein product is the integrin beta chain beta 3. Integrins are integral cell-surface proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. A given chain may combine with multiple partners resulting in different integrins. Integrin beta 3 is found along with the alpha IIb chain in platelets. Integrins are known to participate in cell adhesion as well as cell-surface mediated signalling. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NOS3 | nitric oxide synthase 3 (endothelial cell)|Nitric oxide is a reactive free radical which acts as a biologic mediator in several processes, including neurotransmission and antimicrobial and antitumoral activities. Nitric oxide is synthesized from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthases. Variations in this gene are associated with susceptibility to coronary spasm. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| ITGB5 | integrin, beta 5| |
| ITGB4 | integrin, beta 4|Integrins are heterodimers comprised of alpha and beta subunits, that are noncovalently associated transmembrane glycoprotein receptors. Different combinations of alpha and beta polypeptides form complexes that vary in their ligand-binding specificities. Integrins mediate cell-matrix or cell-cell adhesion, and transduced signals that regulate gene expression and cell growth. This gene encodes the integrin beta 4 subunit, a receptor for the laminins. This subunit tends to associate with alpha 6 subunit and is likely to play a pivotal role in the biology of invasive carcinoma. Mutations in this gene are associated with epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ITGB7 | integrin, beta 7|This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the integrin superfamily. Members of this family are adhesion receptors that function in signaling from the extracellular matrix to the cell. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. The encoded protein forms dimers with an alpha4 chain or an alphaE chain and plays a role in leukocyte adhesion. Dimerization with alpha4 forms a homing receptor for migration of lymphocytes to the intestinal mucosa and Peyer's patches. Dimerization with alphaE permits binding to the ligand epithelial cadherin, a calcium-dependent adhesion molecule. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Additional alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but their full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| ITGB6 | integrin, beta 6|This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the integrin superfamily. Members of this family are adhesion receptors that function in signaling from the extracellular matrix to the cell. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. The encoded protein forms a dimer with an alpha v chain and this heterodimer can bind to ligands like fibronectin and transforming growth factor beta 1. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| ITGB8 | integrin, beta 8|This gene is a member of the integrin beta chain family and encodes a single-pass type I membrane protein with a VWFA domain and four cysteine-rich repeats. This protein noncovalently binds to an alpha subunit to form a heterodimeric integrin complex. In general, integrin complexes mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions and this complex plays a role in human airway epithelial proliferation. Alternatively spliced variants which encode different protein isoforms have been described; however, not all variants have been fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BUD31 | BUD31 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| YARS2 | tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial|This gene encodes a mitochondrial protein that catalyzes the attachment of tyrosine to tRNA(Tyr). Mutations in this gene are associated with myopathy with lactic acidosis and sideroblastic anemia type 2 (MLASA2). [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| CDK19 | cyclin-dependent kinase 19|This gene encodes a protein that is one of the components of the Mediator co-activator complex. The Mediator complex is a multi-protein complex required for transcriptional activation by DNA binding transcription factors of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II. The protein encoded by this gene is similar to cyclin-dependent kinase 8 which can also be a component of the Mediator complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| ATN1 | atrophin 1|Dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cerebellar ataxia, myoclonic epilepsy, choreoathetosis, and dementia. The disorder is related to the expansion from 7-23 copies to 49-75 copies of a trinucleotide repeat (CAG/CAA) within this gene. The encoded protein includes a serine repeat and a region of alternating acidic and basic amino acids, as well as the variable glutamine repeat. Alternative splicing results in two transcripts variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| LRRC2 | leucine rich repeat containing 2|This gene encodes a member of the leucine-rich repeat-containing family of proteins, which function in diverse biological pathways. This family member may possibly be a nuclear protein. Similarity to the RAS suppressor protein, as well as expression down-regulation observed in tumor cells, suggests that it may function as a tumor suppressor. The gene is located in the chromosome 3 common eliminated region 1 (C3CER1), a 1.4 Mb region that is commonly deleted in diverse tumors. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| LCP2 | lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2 (SH2 domain containing leukocyte protein of 76kDa)|SLP-76 was originally identified as a substrate of the ZAP-70 protein tyrosine kinase following T cell receptor (TCR) ligation in the leukemic T cell line Jurkat. The SLP-76 locus has been localized to human chromosome 5q33 and the gene structure has been partially characterized in mice. The human and murine cDNAs both encode 533 amino acid proteins that are 72% identical and comprised of three modular domains. The NH2-terminus contains an acidic region that includes a PEST domain and several tyrosine residues which are phosphorylated following TCR ligation. SLP-76 also contains a central proline-rich domain and a COOH-terminal SH2 domain. A number of additional proteins have been identified that associate with SLP-76 both constitutively and inducibly following receptor ligation, supporting the notion that SLP-76 functions as an adaptor or scaffold protein. Studies using SLP-76 deficient T cell lines or mice have provided strong evidence that SLP-76 plays a positive role in promoting T cell development and activation as well as mast cell and platelet function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LCP1 | lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1 (L-plastin)|Plastins are a family of actin-binding proteins that are conserved throughout eukaryote evolution and expressed in most tissues of higher eukaryotes. In humans, two ubiquitous plastin isoforms (L and T) have been identified. Plastin 1 (otherwise known as Fimbrin) is a third distinct plastin isoform which is specifically expressed at high levels in the small intestine. The L isoform is expressed only in hemopoietic cell lineages, while the T isoform has been found in all other normal cells of solid tissues that have replicative potential (fibroblasts, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, melanocytes, etc.). However, L-plastin has been found in many types of malignant human cells of non-hemopoietic origin suggesting that its expression is induced accompanying tumorigenesis in solid tissues. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPAP2B | phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2B|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) family. PAPs convert phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol, and function in de novo synthesis of glycerolipids as well as in receptor-activated signal transduction mediated by phospholipase D. This protein is a membrane glycoprotein localized at the cell plasma membrane. It has been shown to actively hydrolyze extracellular lysophosphatidic acid and short-chain phosphatidic acid. The expression of this gene is found to be enhanced by epidermal growth factor in Hela cells. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| MYOD1 | myogenic differentiation 1|This gene encodes a nuclear protein that belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors and the myogenic factors subfamily. It regulates muscle cell differentiation by inducing cell cycle arrest, a prerequisite for myogenic initiation. The protein is also involved in muscle regeneration. It activates its own transcription which may stabilize commitment to myogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GNB1L | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 1-like|This gene encodes a G-protein beta-subunit-like polypeptide which is a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. This protein contains 6 WD repeats and is highly expressed in the heart. The gene maps to the region on chromosome 22q11, which is deleted in DiGeorge syndrome, trisomic in derivative 22 syndrome and tetrasomic in cat-eye syndrome. Therefore, this gene may contribute to the etiology of those disorders. Transcripts from this gene share exons with some transcripts from the C22orf29 gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NR2C2 | nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group C, member 2|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. Members of this family act as ligand-activated transcription factors and function in many biological processes such as development, cellular differentiation and homeostasis. The activated receptor/ligand complex is translocated to the nucleus where it binds to hormone response elements of target genes. The protein encoded by this gene plays a role in protecting cells from oxidative stress and damage induced by ionizing radiation. The lack of a similar gene in mouse results in growth retardation, severe spinal curvature, subfertility, premature aging, and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) development. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| DCAF4L2 | DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 4-like 2| |
| SLC37A4 | solute carrier family 37 (glucose-6-phosphate transporter), member 4|This gene regulates glucose-6-phosphate transport from the cytoplasm to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, in order to maintain glucose homeostasis. It also plays a role in ATP-mediated calcium sequestration in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutations in this gene have been associated with various forms of glycogen storage disease. Alternative splicing in this gene results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| TNIP3 | TNFAIP3 interacting protein 3| |
| MYO6 | myosin VI|This gene encodes a reverse-direction motor protein that moves toward the minus end of actin filaments and plays a role in intracellular vesicle and organelle transport. The protein consists of a motor domain containing an ATP- and an actin-binding site and a globular tail which interacts with other proteins. This protein maintains the structural integrity of inner ear hair cells and mutations in this gene cause non-syndromic autosomal dominant and recessive hearing loss. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| ATG3 | autophagy related 3|This gene encodes a ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme and is a component of ubiquitination-like systems involved in autophagy, the process of degradation, turnover and recycling of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells. This protein is known to play a role in regulation of autophagy during cell death. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 20. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| TNIP1 | TNFAIP3 interacting protein 1|This gene encodes an A20-binding protein which plays a role in autoimmunity and tissue homeostasis through the regulation of nuclear factor kappa-B activation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| RPP14 | ribonuclease P/MRP 14kDa subunit| |
| ASIP | agouti signaling protein|In mice, the agouti gene encodes a paracrine signaling molecule that causes hair follicle melanocytes to synthesize pheomelanin, a yellow pigment, instead of the black or brown pigment, eumelanin. Pleiotropic effects of constitutive expression of the mouse gene include adult-onset obesity, increased tumor susceptibility, and premature infertility. This gene is highly similar to the mouse gene and encodes a secreted protein that may (1) affect the quality of hair pigmentation, (2) act as a pharmacological antagonist of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, (3) play a role in neuroendocrine aspects of melanocortin action, and (4) have a functional role in regulating lipid metabolism in adipocytes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNA10 | potassium channel, voltage gated shaker related subfamily A, member 10|Potassium channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. Four sequence-related potassium channel genes - shaker, shaw, shab, and shal - have been identified in Drosophila, and each has been shown to have human homolog(s). This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, shaker-related subfamily. This member contains six membrane-spanning domains with a shaker-type repeat in the fourth segment. It is specifically regulated by cGMP and postulated to mediate the effects of substances that increase intracellular cGMP. This gene is intronless, and the gene is clustered with genes KCNA2 and KCNA3 on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EAPP | E2F-associated phosphoprotein|This gene encodes a phosphoprotein that interacts with several members of the E2F family of proteins. The protein localizes to the nucleus, and is present throughout the cell cycle except during mitosis. It functions to modulate E2F-regulated transcription and stimulate proliferation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AICDA | activation-induced cytidine deaminase|This gene encodes a RNA-editing deaminase that is a member of the cytidine deaminase family. The protein is involved in somatic hypermutation, gene conversion, and class-switch recombination of immunoglobulin genes. Defects in this gene are the cause of autosomal recessive hyper-IgM immunodeficiency syndrome type 2 (HIGM2). [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| ORAOV1 | oral cancer overexpressed 1| |
| ARSK | arylsulfatase family, member K|Sulfatases (EC 3.1.5.6), such as ARSK, hydrolyze sulfate esters from sulfated steroids, carbohydrates, proteoglycans, and glycolipids. They are involved in hormone biosynthesis, modulation of cell signaling, and degradation of macromolecules (Sardiello et al., 2005 [PubMed 16174644]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| GNPDA2 | glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is an allosteric enzyme that catalyzes the reversible reaction converting D-glucosamine-6-phosphate into D-fructose-6-phosphate and ammonium. Variations of this gene have been reported to be associated with influencing body mass index and susceptibility to obesity. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 9. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| GNPDA1 | glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 1|Glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase (EC 3.5.99.6) is an allosteric enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of D-glucosamine-6-phosphate into D-fructose-6-phosphate and ammonium (Arreola et al., 2003 [PubMed 12965206]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2010] |
| MAT1A | methionine adenosyltransferase I, alpha|This gene catalyzes a two-step reaction that involves the transfer of the adenosyl moiety of ATP to methionine to form S-adenosylmethionine and tripolyphosphate, which is subsequently cleaved to PPi and Pi. S-adenosylmethionine is the source of methyl groups for most biological methylations. The encoded protein is found as a homotetramer (MAT I) or a homodimer (MAT III) whereas a third form, MAT II (gamma), is encoded by the MAT2A gene. Mutations in this gene are associated with methionine adenosyltransferase deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDK17 | cyclin-dependent kinase 17|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cdc2/cdkx subfamily of the ser/thr family of protein kinases. It has similarity to a rat protein that is thought to play a role in terminally differentiated neurons. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| MAN1B1 | mannosidase, alpha, class 1B, member 1|This gene encodes an enzyme belonging to the glycosyl hydrolase 47 family. This enzyme functions in N-glycan biosynthesis, and is a class I alpha-1,2-mannosidase that specifically converts Man9GlcNAc to Man8GlcNAc isomer B. It is required for N-glycan trimming to Man5-6GlcNAc2 in the endoplasmic-reticulum-associated degradation pathway. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal-recessive intellectual disability. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 11. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| SULF1 | sulfatase 1|This gene encodes an extracellular heparan sulfate endosulfatase. The encoded enzyme selectively removes 6-O-sulfate groups from heparan sulfate chains of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). The enzyme is secreted through the Golgi and is subsequently localized to the cell surface. The expression of this gene may be down-regulated in several types of cancer, including hepatocellular (HCC), ovarian and breast cancers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| RFNG | RFNG O-fucosylpeptide 3-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase| |
| GCM1 | glial cells missing homolog 1 (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a DNA-binding protein with a gcm-motif (glial cell missing motif). The encoded protein is a homolog of the Drosophila glial cells missing gene (gcm). This protein binds to the GCM-motif (A/G)CCCGCAT, a novel sequence among known targets of DNA-binding proteins. The N-terminal DNA-binding domain confers the unique DNA-binding activity of this protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RASAL3 | RAS protein activator like 3| |
| RASAL2 | RAS protein activator like 2|This gene encodes a protein that contains the GAP-related domain (GRD), a characteristic domain of GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). GAPs function as activators of Ras superfamily of small GTPases. The protein encoded by this gene is able to complement the defective RasGAP function in a yeast system. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| URGCP | upregulator of cell proliferation|URG4 is upregulated in the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-encoded X antigen (HBxAg) and may contribute to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting hepatocellular growth and survival (Tufan et al., 2002 [PubMed 12082552]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| EGF | epidermal growth factor|This gene encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor superfamily. The encoded protein is synthesized as a large precursor molecule that is proteolytically cleaved to generate the 53-amino acid epidermal growth factor peptide. This protein acts a potent mitogenic factor that plays an important role in the growth, proliferation and differentiation of numerous cell types. This protein acts by binding the high affinity cell surface receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor. Defects in this gene are the cause of hypomagnesemia type 4. Dysregulation of this gene has been associated with the growth and progression of certain cancers. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| LBP | lipopolysaccharide binding protein|The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the acute-phase immunologic response to gram-negative bacterial infections. Gram-negative bacteria contain a glycolipid, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), on their outer cell wall. Together with bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (BPI), the encoded protein binds LPS and interacts with the CD14 receptor, probably playing a role in regulating LPS-dependent monocyte responses. Studies in mice suggest that the encoded protein is necessary for the rapid acute-phase response to LPS but not for the clearance of LPS from circulation. This protein is part of a family of structurally and functionally related proteins, including BPI, plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP). [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| ACTR2 | ARP2 actin-related protein 2 homolog (yeast)|The specific function of this gene has not yet been determined; however, the protein it encodes is known to be a major constituent of the ARP2/3 complex. This complex is located at the cell surface and is essential to cell shape and motility through lamellipodial actin assembly and protrusion. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SMAGP | small cell adhesion glycoprotein| |
| KPNA6 | karyopherin alpha 6 (importin alpha 7)|Nucleocytoplasmic transport, a signal- and energy-dependent process, takes place through nuclear pore complexes embedded in the nuclear envelope. The import of proteins containing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) requires the NLS import receptor, a heterodimer of importin alpha and beta subunits also known as karyopherins. Importin alpha binds the NLS-containing cargo in the cytoplasm and importin beta docks the complex at the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear pore complex. In the presence of nucleoside triphosphates and the small GTP binding protein Ran, the complex moves into the nuclear pore complex and the importin subunits dissociate. Importin alpha enters the nucleoplasm with its passenger protein and importin beta remains at the pore. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the importin alpha family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAN | RAN, member RAS oncogene family|RAN (ras-related nuclear protein) is a small GTP binding protein belonging to the RAS superfamily that is essential for the translocation of RNA and proteins through the nuclear pore complex. The RAN protein is also involved in control of DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression. Nuclear localization of RAN requires the presence of regulator of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1). Mutations in RAN disrupt DNA synthesis. Because of its many functions, it is likely that RAN interacts with several other proteins. RAN regulates formation and organization of the microtubule network independently of its role in the nucleus-cytosol exchange of macromolecules. RAN could be a key signaling molecule regulating microtubule polymerization during mitosis. RCC1 generates a high local concentration of RAN-GTP around chromatin which, in turn, induces the local nucleation of microtubules. RAN is an androgen receptor (AR) coactivator that binds differentially with different lengths of polyglutamine within the androgen receptor. Polyglutamine repeat expansion in the AR is linked to Kennedy's disease (X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy). RAN coactivation of the AR diminishes with polyglutamine expansion within the AR, and this weak coactivation may lead to partial androgen insensitivity during the development of Kennedy's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FGR | FGR proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase|This gene is a member of the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs). The encoded protein contains N-terminal sites for myristylation and palmitylation, a PTK domain, and SH2 and SH3 domains which are involved in mediating protein-protein interactions with phosphotyrosine-containing and proline-rich motifs, respectively. The protein localizes to plasma membrane ruffles, and functions as a negative regulator of cell migration and adhesion triggered by the beta-2 integrin signal transduction pathway. Infection with Epstein-Barr virus results in the overexpression of this gene. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SHMT2 | serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (mitochondrial)|This gene encodes the mitochondrial form of a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reversible reaction of serine and tetrahydrofolate to glycine and 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate. The encoded product is primarily responsible for glycine synthesis. The activity of the encoded protein has been suggested to be the primary source of intracellular glycine. The gene which encodes the cytosolic form of this enzyme is located on chromosome 17. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| SLC12A5 | solute carrier family 12 (potassium/chloride transporter), member 5|K-Cl cotransporters are proteins that lower intracellular chloride concentrations below the electrochemical equilibrium potential. The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane K-Cl cotransporter that can function in either a net efflux or influx pathway, depending on the chemical concentration gradients of potassium and chloride. The encoded protein can act as a homomultimer, or as a heteromultimer with other K-Cl cotransporters, to maintain chloride homeostasis in neurons. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| SLC12A4 | solute carrier family 12 (potassium/chloride transporter), member 4|This gene encodes a member of the SLC12A transporter family. The encoded protein mediates the coupled movement of potassium and chloride ions across the plasma membrane. This gene is expressed ubiquitously. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| SLC12A7 | solute carrier family 12 (potassium/chloride transporter), member 7| |
| NEO1 | neogenin 1|This gene encodes a cell surface protein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein consists of four N-terminal immunoglobulin-like domains, six fibronectin type III domains, a transmembrane domain and a C-terminal internal domain that shares homology with the tumor suppressor candidate gene DCC. This protein may be involved in cell growth and differentiation and in cell-cell adhesion. Defects in this gene are associated with cell proliferation in certain cancers. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| SLC12A1 | solute carrier family 12 (sodium/potassium/chloride transporter), member 1|This gene encodes a kidney-specific sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter that is expressed on the luminal membrane of renal epithelial cells of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop and the macula densa. It plays a key role in concentrating urine and accounts for most of the NaCl resorption. It is sensitive to such diuretics as furosemide and bumetanide. Some Bartter-like syndromes result from defects in this gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Additional splice variants have been described but their biological validity in humans has not been experimentally proven.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| USP36 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 36|Modification of cellular proteins by ubiquitin is an essential regulatory mechanism controlled by the coordinated action of multiple ubiquitin-conjugating and deubiquitinating enzymes. USP36 belongs to a large family of cysteine proteases that function as deubiquitinating enzymes (Quesada et al., 2004 [PubMed 14715245]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2009] |
| SLC12A3 | solute carrier family 12 (sodium/chloride transporter), member 3|This gene encodes a renal thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter that is important for electrolyte homeostasis. This cotransporter mediates sodium and chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule. Mutations in this gene cause Gitelman syndrome, a disease similar to Bartter's syndrome, that is characterized by hypokalemic alkalosis combined with hypomagnesemia, low urinary calcium, and increased renin activity associated with normal blood pressure. This cotransporter is the target for thiazide diuretics that are used for treating high blood pressure. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC12A2 | solute carrier family 12 (sodium/potassium/chloride transporter), member 2|The protein encoded by this gene mediates sodium and chloride transport and reabsorption. The encoded protein is a membrane protein and is important in maintaining proper ionic balance and cell volume. This protein is phosphorylated in response to DNA damage. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| LBH | limb bud and heart development| |
| FGG | fibrinogen gamma chain|The protein encoded by this gene is the gamma component of fibrinogen, a blood-borne glycoprotein comprised of three pairs of nonidentical polypeptide chains. Following vascular injury, fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form fibrin which is the most abundant component of blood clots. In addition, various cleavage products of fibrinogen and fibrin regulate cell adhesion and spreading, display vasoconstrictor and chemotactic activities, and are mitogens for several cell types. Mutations in this gene lead to several disorders, including dysfibrinogenemia, hypofibrinogenemia and thrombophilia. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC12A9 | solute carrier family 12, member 9| |
| FGA | fibrinogen alpha chain|The protein encoded by this gene is the alpha component of fibrinogen, a blood-borne glycoprotein comprised of three pairs of nonidentical polypeptide chains. Following vascular injury, fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form fibrin which is the most abundant component of blood clots. In addition, various cleavage products of fibrinogen and fibrin regulate cell adhesion and spreading, display vasoconstrictor and chemotactic activities, and are mitogens for several cell types. Mutations in this gene lead to several disorders, including dysfibrinogenemia, hypofibrinogenemia, afibrinogenemia and renal amyloidosis. Alternative splicing results in two isoforms which vary in the carboxy-terminus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FGB | fibrinogen beta chain|The protein encoded by this gene is the beta component of fibrinogen, a blood-borne glycoprotein comprised of three pairs of nonidentical polypeptide chains. Following vascular injury, fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form fibrin which is the most abundant component of blood clots. In addition, various cleavage products of fibrinogen and fibrin regulate cell adhesion and spreading, display vasoconstrictor and chemotactic activities, and are mitogens for several cell types. Mutations in this gene lead to several disorders, including afibrinogenemia, dysfibrinogenemia, hypodysfibrinogenemia and thrombotic tendency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| MORN5 | MORN repeat containing 5| |
| MRVI1 | murine retrovirus integration site 1 homolog|This gene is similar to a putative mouse tumor suppressor gene (Mrvi1) that is frequently disrupted by mouse AIDS-related virus (MRV). The encoded protein, which is found in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, is similar to Jaw1, a lymphoid-restricted protein whose expression is down-regulated during lymphoid differentiation. This protein is a substrate of cGMP-dependent kinase-1 (PKG1) that can function as a regulator of IP3-induced calcium release. Studies in mouse suggest that MRV integration at Mrvi1 induces myeloid leukemia by altering the expression of a gene important for myeloid cell growth and/or differentiation, and thus this gene may function as a myeloid leukemia tumor suppressor gene. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, and alternative translation start sites, including a non-AUG (CUG) start site, are used. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| EXT2 | exostosin glycosyltransferase 2|This gene encodes one of two glycosyltransferases involved in the chain elongation step of heparan sulfate biosynthesis. Mutations in this gene cause the type II form of multiple exostoses. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IMP4 | IMP4, U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein|IMP4 forms a ternary complex with IMP3 (MIM 612980) and MPP10 (MPHOSPHO10; MIM 605503) that interacts with U3 small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), which is required for the early cleavage steps in pre-rRNA processing (Granneman et al., 2003 [PubMed 12655004]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2009] |
| ACIN1 | apoptotic chromatin condensation inducer 1|Apoptosis is defined by several morphologic nuclear changes, including chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. This gene encodes a nuclear protein that induces apoptotic chromatin condensation after activation by caspase-3, without inducing DNA fragmentation. This protein has also been shown to be a component of a splicing-dependent multiprotein exon junction complex (EJC) that is deposited at splice junctions on mRNAs, as a consequence of pre-mRNA splicing. It may thus be involved in mRNA metabolism associated with splicing. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| ATP1B2 | ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, beta 2 polypeptide|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of Na+/K+ and H+/K+ ATPases beta chain proteins, and to the subfamily of Na+/K+ -ATPases. Na+/K+ -ATPase is an integral membrane protein responsible for establishing and maintaining the electrochemical gradients of Na and K ions across the plasma membrane. These gradients are essential for osmoregulation, for sodium-coupled transport of a variety of organic and inorganic molecules, and for electrical excitability of nerve and muscle. This enzyme is composed of two subunits, a large catalytic subunit (alpha) and a smaller glycoprotein subunit (beta). The beta subunit regulates, through assembly of alpha/beta heterodimers, the number of sodium pumps transported to the plasma membrane. The glycoprotein subunit of Na+/K+ -ATPase is encoded by multiple genes. This gene encodes a beta 2 subunit. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| ATP1B3 | ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, beta 3 polypeptide|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of Na+/K+ and H+/K+ ATPases beta chain proteins, and to the subfamily of Na+/K+ -ATPases. Na+/K+ -ATPase is an integral membrane protein responsible for establishing and maintaining the electrochemical gradients of Na and K ions across the plasma membrane. These gradients are essential for osmoregulation, for sodium-coupled transport of a variety of organic and inorganic molecules, and for electrical excitability of nerve and muscle. This enzyme is composed of two subunits, a large catalytic subunit (alpha) and a smaller glycoprotein subunit (beta). The beta subunit regulates, through assembly of alpha/beta heterodimers, the number of sodium pumps transported to the plasma membrane. The glycoprotein subunit of Na+/K+ -ATPase is encoded by multiple genes. This gene encodes a beta 3 subunit. This gene encodes a beta 3 subunit. A pseudogene exists for this gene, and it is located on chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATP1B1 | ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, beta 1 polypeptide|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of Na+/K+ and H+/K+ ATPases beta chain proteins, and to the subfamily of Na+/K+ -ATPases. Na+/K+ -ATPase is an integral membrane protein responsible for establishing and maintaining the electrochemical gradients of Na and K ions across the plasma membrane. These gradients are essential for osmoregulation, for sodium-coupled transport of a variety of organic and inorganic molecules, and for electrical excitability of nerve and muscle. This enzyme is composed of two subunits, a large catalytic subunit (alpha) and a smaller glycoprotein subunit (beta). The beta subunit regulates, through assembly of alpha/beta heterodimers, the number of sodium pumps transported to the plasma membrane. The glycoprotein subunit of Na+/K+ -ATPase is encoded by multiple genes. This gene encodes a beta 1 subunit. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described, but their biological validity is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| NOP9 | NOP9 nucleolar protein| |
| TFB1M | transcription factor B1, mitochondrial|The protein encoded by this gene is a dimethyltransferase that methylates the conserved stem loop of mitochondrial 12S rRNA. The encoded protein also is part of the basal mitochondrial transcription complex and is necessary for mitochondrial gene expression. The methylation and transcriptional activities of this protein are independent of one another. Variations in this gene may influence the severity of aminoglycoside-induced deafness (AID).[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| LY96 | lymphocyte antigen 96|This gene encodes a protein which associates with toll-like receptor 4 on the cell surface and confers responsiveness to lipopolysaccyaride (LPS), thus providing a link between the receptor and LPS signaling. Studies of the mouse ortholog suggest that this gene may be involved in endotoxin neutralization. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| TESK1 | testis-specific kinase 1|This gene product is a serine/threonine protein kinase that contains an N-terminal protein kinase domain and a C-terminal proline-rich domain. Its protein kinase domain is most closely related to those of the LIM motif-containing protein kinases (LIMKs). The encoded protein can phosphorylate myelin basic protein and histone in vitro. The testicular germ cell-specific expression and developmental pattern of expression of the mouse gene suggests that this gene plays an important role at and after the meiotic phase of spermatogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TESK2 | testis-specific kinase 2|This gene product is a serine/threonine protein kinase that contains an N-terminal protein kinase domain that is structurally similar to the kinase domains of testis-specific protein kinase-1 and the LIM motif-containing protein kinases (LIMKs). Its overall structure is most related to the former, indicating that it belongs to the TESK subgroup of the LIMK/TESK family of protein kinases. This gene is predominantly expressed in testis and prostate. The developmental expression pattern of the rat gene in testis suggests an important role for this gene in meitoic stages and/or early stages of spermiogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GAREM | GRB2 associated, regulator of MAPK1|This gene encodes an adaptor protein which functions in the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor-mediated signaling pathway. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| PSMC3 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, ATPase, 3|The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes one of the ATPase subunits, a member of the triple-A family of ATPases that have chaperone-like activity. This subunit may compete with PSMC2 for binding to the HIV tat protein to regulate the interaction between the viral protein and the transcription complex. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 9. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCNG1 | cyclin G1|The eukaryotic cell cycle is governed by cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) whose activities are regulated by cyclins and CDK inhibitors. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin family and contains the cyclin box. The encoded protein lacks the protein destabilizing (PEST) sequence that is present in other family members. Transcriptional activation of this gene can be induced by tumor protein p53. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TSEN15 | TSEN15 tRNA splicing endonuclease subunit|This gene encodes a subunit of the tRNA splicing endonuclease, which catalyzes the removal of introns from tRNA precursors. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. There is a pseudogene of this gene on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| MORN2 | MORN repeat containing 2| |
| C14orf169 | chromosome 14 open reading frame 169| |
| ALDH5A1 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family, member A1|This protein belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family of proteins. This gene encodes a mitochondrial NAD(+)-dependent succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase. A deficiency of this enzyme, known as 4-hydroxybutyricaciduria, is a rare inborn error in the metabolism of the neurotransmitter 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In response to the defect, physiologic fluids from patients accumulate GHB, a compound with numerous neuromodulatory properties. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LEPROTL1 | leptin receptor overlapping transcript-like 1| |
| SPTY2D1 | SPT2, Suppressor of Ty, domain containing 1 (S. cerevisiae)| |
| TCTA | T-cell leukemia translocation altered| |
| SNX3 | sorting nexin 3|This gene encodes a member of the sorting nexin family. Members of this family contain a phox (PX) domain, which is a phosphoinositide binding domain, and are involved in intracellular trafficking. This protein does not contain a coiled coil region, like most family members. This protein interacts with phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, and is involved in protein trafficking. A pseudogene of this gene is present on the sex chromosomes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| SNX2 | sorting nexin 2|This gene belongs to the sorting nexin family whose members contain the phosphoinositide-binding phox (PX) domain. The encoded protein is a component of the retromer complex which plays a role in protein sorting in the endocytic pathway. This protein may form oligomeric complexes with other family members. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. Pseudogenes associated with this gene are located on chromosomes 1 and 7. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| SNX1 | sorting nexin 1|This gene encodes a member of the sorting nexin family. Members of this family contain a phox (PX) domain, which is a phosphoinositide binding domain, and are involved in intracellular trafficking. This endosomal protein regulates the cell-surface expression of epidermal growth factor receptor. This protein also has a role in sorting protease-activated receptor-1 from early endosomes to lysosomes. This protein may form oligomeric complexes with family members. This gene results in three transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SNX7 | sorting nexin 7|This gene encodes a member of the sorting nexin family. Members of this family contain a phox (PX) domain, which is a phosphoinositide binding domain, and are involved in intracellular trafficking. This protein does not contain a coiled coil region like some family members, and its exact function is unknown. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 11. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| SNX6 | sorting nexin 6|This gene encodes a member of the sorting nexin family. Members of this family contain a phox (PX) domain, which is a phosphoinositide binding domain, and are involved in intracellular trafficking. This protein associates with the long isoform of the leptin receptor, the transforming growth factor-beta family of receptor serine-threonine kinases, and with receptor tyrosine kinases for platelet-derived growth factor, insulin, and epidermal growth factor. This protein may form oligomeric complexes with family member proteins through interactions of both the PX domain and the coiled coil regions of the molecules. Translocation of this protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus occurs after binding to proviral integration site 1 protein. This gene results in two transcripts encoding two distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SNX5 | sorting nexin 5|This gene encodes a member of the sorting nexin family. Members of this family contain a phox (PX) domain, which is a phosphoinositide binding domain, and are involved in intracellular trafficking. This protein functions in endosomal sorting, the phosphoinositide-signaling pathway, and macropinocytosis. This gene may play a role in the tumorigenesis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| SNX4 | sorting nexin 4|This gene encodes a member of the sorting nexin family. Members of this family contain a phox (PX) domain, which is a phosphoinositide binding domain, and are involved in intracellular trafficking. This protein associated with the long isoform of the leptin receptor and with receptor tyrosine kinases for platelet-derived growth factor, insulin, and epidermal growth factor in cell cultures, but its function is unknown. This protein may form oligomeric complexes with family members. Two transcript variants, one protein coding and the other non-protein coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| RPL27A | ribosomal protein L27a|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L15P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. Variable expression of this gene in colorectal cancers compared to adjacent normal tissues has been observed, although no correlation between the level of expression and the severity of the disease has been found. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, multiple processed pseudogenes derived from this gene are dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SNX8 | sorting nexin 8| |
| TEFM | transcription elongation factor, mitochondrial| |
| KCTD20 | potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 20| |
| CASD1 | CAS1 domain containing 1| |
| CCDC127 | coiled-coil domain containing 127| |
| CCDC126 | coiled-coil domain containing 126| |
| CCDC124 | coiled-coil domain containing 124| |
| SLC11A2 | solute carrier family 11 (proton-coupled divalent metal ion transporter), member 2|This gene encodes a member of the solute carrier family 11 protein family. The product of this gene transports divalent metals and is involved in iron absorption. Mutations in this gene are associated with hypochromic microcytic anemia with iron overload. A related solute carrier family 11 protein gene is located on chromosome 2. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| CCDC121 | coiled-coil domain containing 121| |
| CCDC120 | coiled-coil domain containing 120|This gene encodes a protein that contains a coiled-coil domain. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| KHSRP | KH-type splicing regulatory protein|The KHSRP gene encodes a multifunctional RNA-binding protein implicated in a variety of cellular processes, including transcription, alternative pre-mRNA splicing, and mRNA localization (Min et al., 1997 [PubMed 9136930]; Gherzi et al., 2004 [PubMed 15175153]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010] |
| TIMELESS | timeless circadian clock|The protein encoded by this gene is highly conserved and is involved in cell survival after damage or stress, increase in DNA polymerase epsilon activity, maintenance of telomere length, and epithelial cell morphogenesis. The encoded protein also plays a role in the circadian rhythm autoregulatory loop, interacting with the PERIOD genes (PER1, PER2, and PER3) and others to downregulate activation of PER1 by CLOCK/ARNTL. Changes in this gene or its expression may promote prostate cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, and mental disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| ZIK1 | zinc finger protein interacting with K protein 1| |
| ITPKA | inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase A|Regulates inositol phosphate metabolism by phosphorylation of second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. The activity of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase is responsible for regulating the levels of a large number of inositol polyphosphates that are important in cellular signaling. Both calcium/calmodulin and protein phosphorylation mechanisms control its activity. It is also a substrate for the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, calcium/calmodulin- dependent protein kinase II, and protein kinase C in vitro.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011] |
| STK25 | serine/threonine kinase 25|This gene encodes a member of the germinal centre kinase III (GCK III) subfamily of the sterile 20 superfamily of kinases. The encoded enzyme plays a role in serine-threonine liver kinase B1 (LKB1) signaling pathway to regulate neuronal polarization and morphology of the Golgi apparatus. The protein is translocated from the Golgi apparatus to the nucleus in response to chemical anoxia and plays a role in regulation of cell death. A pseudogene associated with this gene is located on chromosome 18. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| STK24 | serine/threonine kinase 24|This gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that functions upstream of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. The encoded protein is cleaved into two chains by caspases; the N-terminal fragment (MST3/N) translocates to the nucleus and promotes programmed cells death. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome X. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| RNF219 | ring finger protein 219| |
| MGEA5 | meningioma expressed antigen 5 (hyaluronidase)|The dynamic modification of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) addition and removal on serine and threonine residues is catalyzed by OGT (MIM 300255), which adds O-GlcNAc, and MGEA5, a glycosidase that removes O-GlcNAc modifications (Gao et al., 2001 [PubMed 11148210]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| L1TD1 | LINE-1 type transposase domain containing 1| |
| PHKG2 | phosphorylase kinase, gamma 2 (testis)|Phosphorylase kinase is a polymer of 16 subunits, four each of alpha, beta, gamma and delta. The alpha subunit includes the skeletal muscle and hepatic isoforms, encoded by two different genes. The beta subunit is the same in both the muscle and hepatic isoforms, and encoded by one gene. The gamma subunit also includes the skeletal muscle and hepatic isoforms, and the hepatic isoform is encoded by this gene. The delta subunit is a calmodulin and can be encoded by three different genes. The gamma subunits contain the active site of the enzyme, whereas the alpha and beta subunits have regulatory functions controlled by phosphorylation. The delta subunit mediates the dependence of the enzyme on calcium concentration. Mutations in this gene cause glycogen storage disease type 9C, also known as autosomal liver glycogenosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified in this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| PDE5A | phosphodiesterase 5A, cGMP-specific|This gene encodes a cGMP-binding, cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase, a member of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family. This phosphodiesterase specifically hydrolyzes cGMP to 5'-GMP. It is involved in the regulation of intracellular concentrations of cyclic nucleotides and is important for smooth muscle relaxation in the cardiovascular system. Alternative splicing of this gene results in three transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PKM | pyruvate kinase, muscle|This gene encodes a protein involved in glycolysis. The encoded protein is a pyruvate kinase that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate to ADP, generating ATP and pyruvate. This protein has been shown to interact with thyroid hormone and may mediate cellular metabolic effects induced by thyroid hormones. This protein has been found to bind Opa protein, a bacterial outer membrane protein involved in gonococcal adherence to and invasion of human cells, suggesting a role of this protein in bacterial pathogenesis. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding a few distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| ORAI2 | ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 2| |
| ORAI3 | ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 3| |
| ORAI1 | ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane calcium channel subunit that is activated by the calcium sensor STIM1 when calcium stores are depleted. This type of channel is the primary way for calcium influx into T-cells. Defects in this gene are a cause of immune dysfunction with T-cell inactivation due to calcium entry defect type 1 (IDTICED1). [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| FNIP1 | folliculin interacting protein 1| |
| BFSP2 | beaded filament structural protein 2, phakinin|More than 99% of the vertebrate ocular lens is comprised of terminally differentiated lens fiber cells. Two lens-specific intermediate filament-like proteins, the protein product of this gene (phakinin), and filensin, are expressed only after fiber cell differentiation has begun. Both proteins are found in a structurally unique cytoskeletal element that is referred to as the beaded filament (BF). Mutations in this gene have been associated with juvenile-onset, progressive cataracts and Dowling-Meara epidermolysis bullosa simplex. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| TMED5 | transmembrane emp24 protein transport domain containing 5| |
| DLAT | dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase|This gene encodes component E2 of the multi-enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). PDC resides in the inner mitochondrial membrane and catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A. The protein product of this gene, dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase, accepts acetyl groups formed by the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate and transfers them to coenzyme A. Dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase is the antigen for antimitochondrial antibodies. These autoantibodies are present in nearly 95% of patients with the autoimmune liver disease primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). In PBC, activated T lymphocytes attack and destroy epithelial cells in the bile duct where this protein is abnormally distributed and overexpressed. PBC enventually leads to cirrhosis and liver failure. Mutations in this gene are also a cause of pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 deficiency which causes primary lactic acidosis in infancy and early childhood.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| UHRF1BP1L | UHRF1 binding protein 1-like| |
| C12orf29 | chromosome 12 open reading frame 29| |
| BFSP1 | beaded filament structural protein 1, filensin|This gene encodes a lens-specific intermediate filament-like protein named filensin. The encoded protein is expressed in lens fiber cells after differentiation has begun. This protein functions as a component of the beaded filament which is a cytoskeletal structure found in lens fiber cells. Mutations in this gene are the cause of autosomal recessive cortical juvenile-onset cataract. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| TUBB2A | tubulin, beta 2A class IIa| |
| TUBB2B | tubulin, beta 2B class IIb|The protein encoded by this gene is a beta isoform of tubulin, which binds GTP and is a major component of microtubules. This gene is highly similar to TUBB2A and TUBB2C. Defects in this gene are a cause of asymmetric polymicrogyria. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| HIST3H3 | histone cluster 3, H3|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H3 family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails; instead, they contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is located separately from the other H3 genes that are in the histone gene cluster on chromosome 6p22-p21.3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNASEH2A | ribonuclease H2, subunit A|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the heterotrimeric type II ribonuclease H enzyme (RNAseH2). RNAseH2 is the major source of ribonuclease H activity in mammalian cells and endonucleolytically cleaves ribonucleotides. It is predicted to remove Okazaki fragment RNA primers during lagging strand DNA synthesis and to excise single ribonucleotides from DNA-DNA duplexes. Mutations in this gene cause Aicardi-Goutieres Syndrome (AGS), a an autosomal recessive neurological disorder characterized by progressive microcephaly and psychomotor retardation, intracranial calcifications, elevated levels of interferon-alpha and white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| RNASEH2C | ribonuclease H2, subunit C|This gene encodes a ribonuclease H subunit that can cleave ribonucleotides from RNA:DNA duplexes. Mutations in this gene cause Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome-3, a disease that causes severe neurologic dysfunction. A pseudogene for this gene has been identified on chromosome Y, near the sex determining region Y (SRY) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNASEH2B | ribonuclease H2, subunit B|RNase H2 is composed of a single catalytic subunit (A) and two non-catalytic subunits (B and C) and specifically degrades the RNA of RNA:DNA hybrids. The protein encoded by this gene is the non-catalytic B subunit of RNase H2, which is thought to play a role in DNA replication. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Defects in this gene are a cause of Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome type 2 (AGS2). [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| COMTD1 | catechol-O-methyltransferase domain containing 1| |
| MAOB | monoamine oxidase B|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family. It is a enzyme located in the mitochondrial outer membrane. It catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and plays an important role in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous sysytem and peripheral tissues. This protein preferentially degrades benzylamine and phenylethylamine. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAOA | monoamine oxidase A|This gene is one of two neighboring gene family members that encode mitochondrial enzymes which catalyze the oxidative deamination of amines, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Mutation of this gene results in Brunner syndrome. This gene has also been associated with a variety of other psychiatric disorders, including antisocial behavior. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| NEIL1 | nei endonuclease VIII-like 1 (E. coli)|This gene is a member of the Nei endonuclease VIII-like gene family which encodes DNA glycosylases. The encoded enzyme participates in the DNA repair pathway by initiating base excision repair by removing damaged bases, primarily oxidized pyrimidines. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| NEIL3 | nei endonuclease VIII-like 3 (E. coli)|NEIL3 belongs to a class of DNA glycosylases homologous to the bacterial Fpg/Nei family. These glycosylases initiate the first step in base excision repair by cleaving bases damaged by reactive oxygen species and introducing a DNA strand break via the associated lyase reaction (Bandaru et al., 2002 [PubMed 12509226]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| NEIL2 | nei endonuclease VIII-like 2 (E. coli)|NEIL2 belongs to a class of DNA glycosylases homologous to the bacterial Fpg/Nei family. These glycosylases initiate the first step in base excision repair by cleaving bases damaged by reactive oxygen species and introducing a DNA strand break via the associated lyase reaction (Bandaru et al., 2002 [PubMed 12509226])[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| HNRNPR | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein R|This gene encodes an RNA-binding protein that is a member of the spliceosome C complex, which functions in pre-mRNA processing and transport. The encoded protein also promotes transcription at the c-fos gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. There are pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes 4, 11, and 10. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| MUT | methylmalonyl CoA mutase|This gene encodes the mitochondrial enzyme methylmalonyl Coenzyme A mutase. In humans, the product of this gene is a vitamin B12-dependent enzyme which catalyzes the isomerization of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, while in other species this enzyme may have different functions. Mutations in this gene may lead to various types of methylmalonic aciduria. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PIWIL4 | piwi-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 4|PIWIL4 belongs to the Argonaute family of proteins, which function in development and maintenance of germline stem cells (Sasaki et al., 2003 [PubMed 12906857]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PIWIL3 | piwi-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 3|This gene encodes a member of the PIWI subfamily of Argonaute family proteins. This subfamily of proteins contains a PAZ domain, found in proteins involved in RNA-mediated gene silencing, and a C-terminal Piwi domain. The encoded protein is thought to function in maintenance of germline cells. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| PIWIL2 | piwi-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 2|PIWIL2 belongs to the Argonaute family of proteins, which function in development and maintenance of germline stem cells (Sasaki et al., 2003 [PubMed 12906857]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PIWIL1 | piwi-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 1|This gene encodes a member of the PIWI subfamily of Argonaute proteins, evolutionarily conserved proteins containing both PAZ and Piwi motifs that play important roles in stem cell self-renewal, RNA silencing, and translational regulation in diverse organisms. The encoded protein may play a role as an intrinsic regulator of the self-renewal capacity of germline and hematopoietic stem cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| RRP1 | ribosomal RNA processing 1|The protein encoded by this gene is the putative homolog of the yeast ribosomal RNA processing protein RRP1. The encoded protein is involved in the late stages of nucleologenesis at the end of mitosis, and may be required for the generation of 28S rRNA. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CLYBL | citrate lyase beta like| |
| AHI1 | Abelson helper integration site 1|This gene is apparently required for both cerebellar and cortical development in humans. This gene mutations cause specific forms of Joubert syndrome-related disorders. Joubert syndrome (JS) is a recessively inherited developmental brain disorder with several identified causative chromosomal loci. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| FABP6 | fatty acid binding protein 6, ileal|This gene encodes the ileal fatty acid binding protein. Fatty acid binding proteins are a family of small, highly conserved, cytoplasmic proteins that bind long-chain fatty acids and other hydrophobic ligands. FABP6 and FABP1 (the liver fatty acid binding protein) are also able to bind bile acids. It is thought that FABPs roles include fatty acid uptake, transport, and metabolism. Transcript variants generated by alternate transcription promoters and/or alternate splicing have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DIEXF | digestive organ expansion factor homolog (zebrafish)| |
| FABP4 | fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte|FABP4 encodes the fatty acid binding protein found in adipocytes. Fatty acid binding proteins are a family of small, highly conserved, cytoplasmic proteins that bind long-chain fatty acids and other hydrophobic ligands. It is thought that FABPs roles include fatty acid uptake, transport, and metabolism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PGAM5 | phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5| |
| PGAM2 | phosphoglycerate mutase 2 (muscle)|Phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) catalyzes the reversible reaction of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) to 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PGA) in the glycolytic pathway. The PGAM is a dimeric enzyme containing, in different tissues, different proportions of a slow-migrating muscle (MM) isozyme, a fast-migrating brain (BB) isozyme, and a hybrid form (MB). This gene encodes muscle-specific PGAM subunit. Mutations in this gene cause muscle phosphoglycerate mutase eficiency, also known as glycogen storage disease X. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| FABP3 | fatty acid binding protein 3, muscle and heart|The intracellular fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) belongs to a multigene family. FABPs are divided into at least three distinct types, namely the hepatic-, intestinal- and cardiac-type. They form 14-15 kDa proteins and are thought to participate in the uptake, intracellular metabolism and/or transport of long-chain fatty acids. They may also be responsible in the modulation of cell growth and proliferation. Fatty acid-binding protein 3 gene contains four exons and its function is to arrest growth of mammary epithelial cells. This gene is a candidate tumor suppressor gene for human breast cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CHAT | choline O-acetyltransferase|This gene encodes an enzyme which catalyzes the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This gene product is a characteristic feature of cholinergic neurons, and changes in these neurons may explain some of the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Mutations in this gene are associated with congenital myasthenic syndrome associated with episodic apnea. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, and some of these variants have been shown to encode more than one isoform. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| FABP1 | fatty acid binding protein 1, liver|This gene encodes the fatty acid binding protein found in liver. Fatty acid binding proteins are a family of small, highly conserved, cytoplasmic proteins that bind long-chain fatty acids and other hydrophobic ligands. This protein and FABP6 (the ileal fatty acid binding protein) are also able to bind bile acids. It is thought that FABPs roles include fatty acid uptake, transport, and metabolism. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| AKR1C4 | aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C4|This gene encodes a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and proteins. These enzymes catalyze the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols by utilizing NADH and/or NADPH as cofactors. The enzymes display overlapping but distinct substrate specificity. This enzyme catalyzes the bioreduction of chlordecone, a toxic organochlorine pesticide, to chlordecone alcohol in liver. This gene shares high sequence identity with three other gene members and is clustered with those three genes at chromosome 10p15-p14. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MESP1 | mesoderm posterior basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 1| |
| MESP2 | mesoderm posterior basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 2|This gene encodes a member of the bHLH family of transcription factors and plays a key role in defining the rostrocaudal patterning of somites via interactions with multiple Notch signaling pathways. This gene is expressed in the anterior presomitic mesoderm and is downregulated immediately after the formation of segmented somites. This gene also plays a role in the formation of epithelial somitic mesoderm and cardiac mesoderm. Mutations in the MESP2 gene cause autosomal recessive spondylocostal dystosis 2 (SCD02). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| MXD4 | MAX dimerization protein 4|This gene is a member of the MAD gene family . The MAD genes encode basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper proteins that heterodimerize with MAX protein, forming a transcriptional repression complex. The MAD proteins compete for MAX binding with MYC, which heterodimerizes with MAX forming a transcriptional activation complex. Studies in rodents suggest that the MAD genes are tumor suppressors and contribute to the regulation of cell growth in differentiating tissues. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MXD3 | MAX dimerization protein 3|This gene encodes a member of the Myc superfamily of basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcriptional regulators. The encoded protein forms a heterodimer with the cofactor MAX which binds specific E-box DNA motifs in the promoters of target genes and regulates their transcription. Disruption of the MAX-MXD3 complex is associated with uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Transcript variants of this gene encoding different isoforms have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| AKR1C1 | aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C1|This gene encodes a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and proteins. These enzymes catalyze the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols by utilizing NADH and/or NADPH as cofactors. The enzymes display overlapping but distinct substrate specificity. This enzyme catalyzes the reaction of progesterone to the inactive form 20-alpha-hydroxy-progesterone. This gene shares high sequence identity with three other gene members and is clustered with those three genes at chromosome 10p15-p14. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MXD1 | MAX dimerization protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the MYC/MAX/MAD network of basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors. The MYC/MAX/MAD transcription factors mediate cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The encoded protein antagonizes MYC-mediated transcriptional activation of target genes by competing for the binding partner MAX and recruiting repressor complexes containing histone deacetylases. Mutations in this gene may play a role in acute leukemia, and the encoded protein is a potential tumor suppressor. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| BCL2A1 | BCL2-related protein A1|This gene encodes a member of the BCL-2 protein family. The proteins of this family form hetero- or homodimers and act as anti- and pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities such as embryonic development, homeostasis and tumorigenesis. The protein encoded by this gene is able to reduce the release of pro-apoptotic cytochrome c from mitochondria and block caspase activation. This gene is a direct transcription target of NF-kappa B in response to inflammatory mediators, and is up-regulated by different extracellular signals, such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), CD40, phorbol ester and inflammatory cytokine TNF and IL-1, which suggests a cytoprotective function that is essential for lymphocyte activation as well as cell survival. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| P2RY1 | purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 1|The product of this gene belongs to the family of G-protein coupled receptors. This family has several receptor subtypes with different pharmacological selectivity, which overlaps in some cases, for various adenosine and uridine nucleotides. This receptor functions as a receptor for extracellular ATP and ADP. In platelets binding to ADP leads to mobilization of intracellular calcium ions via activation of phospholipase C, a change in platelet shape, and probably to platelet aggregation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SNCAIP | synuclein, alpha interacting protein|This gene encodes a protein containing several protein-protein interaction domains, including ankyrin-like repeats, a coiled-coil domain, and an ATP/GTP-binding motif. The encoded protein interacts with alpha-synuclein in neuronal tissue and may play a role in the formation of cytoplasmic inclusions and neurodegeneration. A mutation in this gene has been associated with Parkinson's disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| PDZK1 | PDZ domain containing 1|This gene encodes a PDZ domain-containing scaffolding protein. PDZ domain-containing molecules bind to and mediate the subcellular localization of target proteins. The encoded protein mediates the localization of cell surface proteins and plays a critical role in cholesterol metabolism by regulating the HDL receptor, scavenger receptor class B type 1. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with metabolic syndrome, and overexpression of this gene may play a role in drug resistance of multiple myeloma. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on the long arm of chromosome 1. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| SPDYA | speedy/RINGO cell cycle regulator family member A| |
| SEC61B | Sec61 beta subunit|The Sec61 complex is the central component of the protein translocation apparatus of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Oligomers of the Sec61 complex form a transmembrane channel where proteins are translocated across and integrated into the ER membrane. This complex consists of three membrane proteins- alpha, beta, and gamma. This gene encodes the beta-subunit protein. The Sec61 subunits are also observed in the post-ER compartment, suggesting that these proteins can escape the ER and recycle back. There is evidence for multiple polyadenylated sites for this transcript. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C1QBP | complement component 1, q subcomponent binding protein|The human complement subcomponent C1q associates with C1r and C1s in order to yield the first component of the serum complement system. The protein encoded by this gene is known to bind to the globular heads of C1q molecules and inhibit C1 activation. This protein has also been identified as the p32 subunit of pre-mRNA splicing factor SF2, as well as a hyaluronic acid-binding protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RRP8 | ribosomal RNA processing 8, methyltransferase, homolog (yeast)| |
| DOCK3 | dedicator of cytokinesis 3|This gene is specifically expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). It encodes a member of the DOCK (dedicator of cytokinesis) family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). This protein, dedicator of cytokinesis 3 (DOCK3), is also known as modifier of cell adhesion (MOCA) and presenilin-binding protein (PBP). The DOCK3 and DOCK1, -2 and -4 share several conserved amino acids in their DHR-2 (DOCK homology region 2) domains that are required for GEF activity, and bind directly to WAVE proteins [Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family Verprolin-homologous proteins] via their DHR-1 domains. The DOCK3 induces axonal outgrowth in CNS by stimulating membrane recruitment of the WAVE complex and activating the small G protein Rac1. This gene is associated with an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-like phenotype by a complex chromosomal rearrangement. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| HNRNPL | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L|Heterogeneous nuclear RNAs (hnRNAs) which include mRNA precursors and mature mRNAs are associated with specific proteins to form heterogenous ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) complexes. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L is among the proteins that are stably associated with hnRNP complexes and along with other hnRNP proteins is likely to play a major role in the formation, packaging, processing, and function of mRNA. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L is present in the nucleoplasm as part of the HNRP complex. HNRP proteins have also been identified outside of the nucleoplasm. Exchange of hnRNP for mRNA-binding proteins accompanies transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Since HNRP proteins have been shown to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, it is possible that they also have cytoplasmic functions. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DNMBP | dynamin binding protein|DNMBP belongs to the DBL (MIM 311030) family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors and plays a role in the regulation of cell junctions (Otani et al., 2006 [PubMed 17015620]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ENAH | enabled homolog (Drosophila)| |
| ASL | argininosuccinate lyase|This gene encodes a member of the lyase 1 family. The encoded protein forms a cytosolic homotetramer and primarily catalyzes the reversible hydrolytic cleavage of argininosuccinate into arginine and fumarate, an essential step in the liver in detoxifying ammonia via the urea cycle. Mutations in this gene result in the autosomal recessive disorder argininosuccinic aciduria, or argininosuccinic acid lyase deficiency. A nontranscribed pseudogene is also located on the long arm of chromosome 22. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATP6V0B | ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 21kDa, V0 subunit b|This gene encodes a portion of the V0 domain of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of eukaryotic intracellular organelles. Activity of this enzyme is necessary for such varied processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| ATP6V0C | ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 16kDa, V0 subunit c|This gene encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of eukaryotic intracellular organelles. V-ATPase dependent organelle acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. V-ATPase is composed of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. The V1 domain consists of three A and three B subunits, two G subunits plus the C, D, E, F, and H subunits. The V1 domain contains the ATP catalytic site. The V0 domain consists of five different subunits: a, c, c', c", and d. This gene encodes the V0 subunit c. Alternative splicing results in transcript variants. Pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 6 and 17. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| GRIA1 | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 1|Glutamate receptors are the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain and are activated in a variety of normal neurophysiologic processes. These receptors are heteromeric protein complexes with multiple subunits, each possessing transmembrane regions, and all arranged to form a ligand-gated ion channel. The classification of glutamate receptors is based on their activation by different pharmacologic agonists. This gene belongs to a family of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UFM1 | ubiquitin-fold modifier 1|UFM1 is a ubiquitin-like protein that is conjugated to target proteins by E1-like activating enzyme UBA5 (UBE1DC1; MIM 610552) and E2-like conjugating enzyme UFC1 (MIM 610554) in a manner analogous to ubiquitylation (see UBE2M; MIM 603173) (Komatsu et al., 2004 [PubMed 15071506]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2008] |
| DOCK6 | dedicator of cytokinesis 6|This gene encodes a member of the dedicator of cytokinesis (DOCK) family of atypical guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors interact with small GTPases and are components of intracellular signaling networks. The encoded protein is a group C DOCK protein and plays a role in actin cytoskeletal reorganization by activating the Rho GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1. Mutations in this gene are associated with Adams-Oliver syndrome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| GKN2 | gastrokine 2| |
| KIF26A | kinesin family member 26A| |
| COL5A2 | collagen, type V, alpha 2|This gene encodes an alpha chain for one of the low abundance fibrillar collagens. Fibrillar collagen molecules are trimers that can be composed of one or more types of alpha chains. Type V collagen is found in tissues containing type I collagen and appears to regulate the assembly of heterotypic fibers composed of both type I and type V collagen. This gene product is closely related to type XI collagen and it is possible that the collagen chains of types V and XI constitute a single collagen type with tissue-specific chain combinations. Mutations in this gene are associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, types I and II. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COL5A3 | collagen, type V, alpha 3|This gene encodes an alpha chain for one of the low abundance fibrillar collagens. Fibrillar collagen molecules are trimers that can be composed of one or more types of alpha chains. Type V collagen is found in tissues containing type I collagen and appears to regulate the assembly of heterotypic fibers composed of both type I and type V collagen. This gene product is closely related to type XI collagen and it is possible that the collagen chains of types V and XI constitute a single collagen type with tissue-specific chain combinations. Mutations in this gene are thought to be responsible for the symptoms of a subset of patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type III. Messages of several sizes can be detected in northern blots but sequence information cannot confirm the identity of the shorter messages. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COL5A1 | collagen, type V, alpha 1|This gene encodes an alpha chain for one of the low abundance fibrillar collagens. Fibrillar collagen molecules are trimers that can be composed of one or more types of alpha chains. Type V collagen is found in tissues containing type I collagen and appears to regulate the assembly of heterotypic fibers composed of both type I and type V collagen. This gene product is closely related to type XI collagen and it is possible that the collagen chains of types V and XI constitute a single collagen type with tissue-specific chain combinations. The encoded procollagen protein occurs commonly as the heterotrimer pro-alpha1(V)-pro-alpha1(V)-pro-alpha2(V). Mutations in this gene are associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, types I and II. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| LAMP3 | lysosomal-associated membrane protein 3|Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells. Immature DCs efficiently capture antigens and differentiate into interdigitating dendritic cells (IDCs) in lymphoid tissues that induce primary T-cell responses (summary by de Saint-Vis et al., 1998 [PubMed 9768752]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2010] |
| DOCK4 | dedicator of cytokinesis 4|This gene is a member of the dedicator of cytokinesis (DOCK) family and encodes a protein with a DHR-1 (CZH-1) domain, a DHR-2 (CZH-2) domain and an SH3 domain. This membrane-associated, cytoplasmic protein functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor and is involved in regulation of adherens junctions between cells. Mutations in this gene have been associated with ovarian, prostate, glioma, and colorectal cancers. Alternatively spliced variants which encode different protein isoforms have been described, but only one has been fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LAMP1 | lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of membrane glycoproteins. This glycoprotein provides selectins with carbohydrate ligands. It may also play a role in tumor cell metastasis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PDCD7 | programmed cell death 7|This gene encodes a 59 kDa protein that is associated with the U11 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP), which is a component of the minor U12-type spliceosome responsible for catalyzing pre-mRNA splicing of U12-type introns. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| NAT16 | N-acetyltransferase 16 (GCN5-related, putative)| |
| NAT14 | N-acetyltransferase 14 (GCN5-related, putative)| |
| DUT | deoxyuridine triphosphatase|This gene encodes an essential enzyme of nucleotide metabolism. The encoded protein forms a ubiquitous, homotetrameric enzyme that hydrolyzes dUTP to dUMP and pyrophosphate. This reaction serves two cellular purposes: providing a precursor (dUMP) for the synthesis of thymine nucleotides needed for DNA replication, and limiting intracellular pools of dUTP. Elevated levels of dUTP lead to increased incorporation of uracil into DNA, which induces extensive excision repair mediated by uracil glycosylase. This repair process, resulting in the removal and reincorporation of dUTP, is self-defeating and leads to DNA fragmentation and cell death. Alternative splicing of this gene leads to different isoforms that localize to either the mitochondrion or nucleus. A related pseudogene is located on chromosome 19. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NAT10 | N-acetyltransferase 10 (GCN5-related)| |
| NELFCD | negative elongation factor complex member C/D|The NELF complex of proteins interacts with the DSIF protein complex to repress transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II. The protein encoded by this gene is an essential part of the NELF complex. Alternative translation initiation site usage results in the formation of two isoforms with different N-termini. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TAAR2 | trace amine associated receptor 2| |
| HNRNPD | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D (AU-rich element RNA binding protein 1, 37kDa)|This gene belongs to the subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are nucleic acid binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene has two repeats of quasi-RRM domains that bind to RNAs. It localizes to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. This protein is implicated in the regulation of mRNA stability. Alternative splicing of this gene results in four transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TAAR8 | trace amine associated receptor 8| |
| ALDH2 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family (mitochondrial)|This protein belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family of proteins. Aldehyde dehydrogenase is the second enzyme of the major oxidative pathway of alcohol metabolism. Two major liver isoforms of aldehyde dehydrogenase, cytosolic and mitochondrial, can be distinguished by their electrophoretic mobilities, kinetic properties, and subcellular localizations. Most Caucasians have two major isozymes, while approximately 50% of Orientals have the cytosolic isozyme but not the mitochondrial isozyme. A remarkably higher frequency of acute alcohol intoxication among Orientals than among Caucasians could be related to the absence of a catalytically active form of the mitochondrial isozyme. The increased exposure to acetaldehyde in individuals with the catalytically inactive form may also confer greater susceptibility to many types of cancer. This gene encodes a mitochondrial isoform, which has a low Km for acetaldehydes, and is localized in mitochondrial matrix. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| SMEK1 | SMEK homolog 1, suppressor of mek1 (Dictyostelium)| |
| SMEK2 | SMEK homolog 2, suppressor of mek1 (Dictyostelium)| |
| NEU4 | sialidase 4|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a family of glycohydrolytic enzymes, which remove terminal sialic acid residues from various sialo derivatives, such as glycoproteins, glycolipids, oligosaccharides, and gangliosides. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| CC2D1A | coiled-coil and C2 domain containing 1A|This gene encodes a transcriptional repressor that binds to a conserved 14-bp 5'-repressor element and regulates expression of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A gene in neuronal cells. The DNA binding and transcriptional repressor activities of the protein are inhibited by calcium. A mutation in this gene results in nonsyndromic mental retardation-3.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| NPFF | neuropeptide FF-amide peptide precursor|FMFRamide-related protein precursor plays a role in the regulation of heart rate and blood pressure and the modulation of morphine-induced antinociception. FMRFAL encodes a preproprotein which is cleaved to form two active peptides with similar function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RCE1 | Ras converting CAAX endopeptidase 1|This gene encodes an integral membrane protein which is classified as a member of the metalloproteinase family. This enzyme is thought to function in the maintenance and processing of CAAX-type prenylated proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LENG9 | leukocyte receptor cluster (LRC) member 9| |
| NEU1 | sialidase 1 (lysosomal sialidase)|The protein encoded by this gene is a lysosomal enzyme that cleaves terminal sialic acid residues from substrates such as glycoproteins and glycolipids. In the lysosome, this enzyme is part of a heterotrimeric complex together with beta-galactosidase and cathepsin A (the latter is also referred to as 'protective protein'). Mutations in this gene can lead to sialidosis, a lysosomal storage disease that can be type 1 (cherry red spot-myoclonus syndrome or normosomatic type), which is late-onset, or type 2 (the dysmorphic type), which occurs at an earlier age with increased severity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C18orf8 | chromosome 18 open reading frame 8|This gene encodes a colon cancer associated protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| NEU3 | sialidase 3 (membrane sialidase)|This gene product belongs to a family of glycohydrolytic enzymes which remove sialic acid residues from glycoproteins and glycolipids. It is localized in the plasma membrane, and its activity is specific for gangliosides. It may play a role in modulating the ganglioside content of the lipid bilayer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UVSSA | UV-stimulated scaffold protein A|The protein encoded by this gene appears to be involved in ubiquitination and dephosphorylation of RNA polymerase II subunits that stall after UV irradiation. The encoded protein interacts with several members of the nucleotide excision repair complex to help repair UV-induced DNA damage. Defects in this gene can cause UV-sensitive syndrome 3. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| UQCR10 | ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, complex III subunit X|UCRC is a subunit of mitochondrial complex III (ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase; EC 1.10.2.2), which forms the middle segment of the respiratory chain of the inner mitochondrial membrane (Schagger et al., 1995 [PubMed 8592474]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| UQCR11 | ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, complex III subunit XI|This gene encodes the smallest known component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex, which forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The encoded protein may function as a binding factor for the iron-sulfur protein in this complex. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| SCN9A | sodium channel, voltage gated, type IX alpha subunit|This gene encodes a voltage-gated sodium channel which plays a significant role in nociception signaling. Mutations in this gene have been associated with primary erythermalgia, channelopathy-associated insensitivity to pain, and paroxysmal extreme pain disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| RPRD1A | regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA domain containing 1A|This gene encodes a cell-cycle and transcription regulatory protein. The encoded protein interacts with the cell cycle inhibitor cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor B and may function as a negative regulator of G(1)/S phase progression. This protein also forms homo- and hetrodimers with the protein, regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA domain-containing protein 1B, to form a scaffold that interacts with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II subunit B1 and regulates several aspects of transcription. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 16. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| AGT | angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)|The protein encoded by this gene, pre-angiotensinogen or angiotensinogen precursor, is expressed in the liver and is cleaved by the enzyme renin in response to lowered blood pressure. The resulting product, angiotensin I, is then cleaved by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) to generate the physiologically active enzyme angiotensin II. The protein is involved in maintaining blood pressure and in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension and preeclampsia. Mutations in this gene are associated with susceptibility to essential hypertension, and can cause renal tubular dysgenesis, a severe disorder of renal tubular development. Defects in this gene have also been associated with non-familial structural atrial fibrillation, and inflammatory bowel disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CXorf38 | chromosome X open reading frame 38| |
| RPRD1B | regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA domain containing 1B| |
| RMDN1 | regulator of microtubule dynamics 1| |
| C10orf131 | chromosome 10 open reading frame 131| |
| VSTM4 | V-set and transmembrane domain containing 4| |
| OPRL1 | opiate receptor-like 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a G protein-coupled receptor whose expression can be induced by phytohemagglutinin. The encoded integral membrane protein is a receptor for the 17 aa neuropeptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ. This gene may be involved in the regulation of numerous brain activities, particularly instinctive and emotional behaviors. A promoter for this gene also functions as a promoter for another gene, regulator of G-protein signalling 19 (RGS19), located on the opposite strand. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| DMD | dystrophin|The dystrophin gene is the largest gene found in nature, measuring 2.4 Mb. The gene was identified through a positional cloning approach, targeted at the isolation of the gene responsible for Duchenne (DMD) and Becker (BMD) Muscular Dystrophies. DMD is a recessive, fatal, X-linked disorder occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 3,500 new-born males. BMD is a milder allelic form. In general, DMD patients carry mutations which cause premature translation termination (nonsense or frame shift mutations), while in BMD patients dystrophin is reduced either in molecular weight (derived from in-frame deletions) or in expression level. The dystrophin gene is highly complex, containing at least eight independent, tissue-specific promoters and two polyA-addition sites. Furthermore, dystrophin RNA is differentially spliced, producing a range of different transcripts, encoding a large set of protein isoforms. Dystrophin (as encoded by the Dp427 transcripts) is a large, rod-like cytoskeletal protein which is found at the inner surface of muscle fibers. Dystrophin is part of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), which bridges the inner cytoskeleton (F-actin) and the extra-cellular matrix. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TAF8 | TAF8 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 43kDa|This gene encodes one of several TATA-binding protein (TBP)-associated factors (TAFs), which are integral subunits of the general transcription factor complex TFIID. TFIID recognizes the core promoter of many genes and nucleates the assembly of a transcription preinitiation complex containing RNA polymerase II and other initiation factors. The protein encoded by this gene contains an H4-like histone fold domain, and interacts with several subunits of TFIID including TBP and the histone-fold protein TAF10. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GABARAPL1 | GABA(A) receptor-associated protein like 1| |
| ASAH1 | N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase (acid ceramidase) 1|This gene encodes a heterodimeric protein consisting of a nonglycosylated alpha subunit and a glycosylated beta subunit that is cleaved to the mature enzyme posttranslationally. The encoded protein catalyzes the synthesis and degradation of ceramide into sphingosine and fatty acid. Mutations in this gene have been associated with a lysosomal storage disorder known as Farber disease. Multiple transcript variants encoding several distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ASAH2 | N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase (non-lysosomal ceramidase) 2|Ceramidases (EC 3.5.1.23), such as ASAH2, catalyze hydrolysis of the N-acyl linkage of ceramide, a second messenger in a variety of cellular events, to produce sphingosine. Sphingosine exerts both mitogenic and apoptosis-inducing activities, and its phosphorylated form functions as an intra- and intercellular second messenger (see MIM 603730) (Mitsutake et al., 2001 [PubMed 11328816]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| GABARAPL2 | GABA(A) receptor-associated protein-like 2| |
| RAD54L | RAD54-like (S. cerevisiae)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the DEAD-like helicase superfamily, and shares similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad54, a protein known to be involved in the homologous recombination and repair of DNA. This protein has been shown to play a role in homologous recombination related repair of DNA double-strand breaks. The binding of this protein to double-strand DNA induces a DNA topological change, which is thought to facilitate homologous DNA paring, and stimulate DNA recombination. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| PRR3 | proline rich 3| |
| PRR4 | proline rich 4 (lacrimal)|This gene encodes a member of the proline-rich protein family that lacks a conserved repetitive domain. This protein may play a role in protective functions in the eye. Alternative splicing result in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the upstream PRH1 (proline-rich protein HaeIII subfamily 1) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| PRR5 | proline rich 5 (renal)|This gene encodes a protein with a proline-rich domain. This gene is located in a region of chromosome 22 reported to contain a tumor suppressor gene that may be involved in breast and colorectal tumorigenesis. The protein is a component of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), and it regulates platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor beta expression and PDGF signaling to Akt and S6K1. Alternative splicing and the use of alternative promoters results in transcripts encoding different isoforms. Read-through transcripts from this gene into the downstream Rho GTPase activating protein 8 (ARHGAP8) gene also exist, which led to the original description of PRR5 and ARHGAP8 being a single gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| HSP90AB4P | heat shock protein 90kDa alpha (cytosolic), class B member 4, pseudogene| |
| PRR7 | proline rich 7 (synaptic)| |
| FASTK | Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. This kinase was shown to be activated rapidly during Fas-mediated apoptosis in Jurkat cells. In response to Fas receptor ligation, it phosphorylates TIA1, an apoptosis-promoting nuclear RNA-binding protein. The encoded protein is a strong inducer of lymphocyte apoptosis. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Other variants exist, but their full-length natures have not yet been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KDM4B | lysine (K)-specific demethylase 4B| |
| MED12 | mediator complex subunit 12|The initiation of transcription is controlled in part by a large protein assembly known as the preinitiation complex. A component of this preinitiation complex is a 1.2 MDa protein aggregate called Mediator. This Mediator component binds with a CDK8 subcomplex which contains the protein encoded by this gene, mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12), along with MED13, CDK8 kinase, and cyclin C. The CDK8 subcomplex modulates Mediator-polymerase II interactions and thereby regulates transcription initiation and reinitation rates. The MED12 protein is essential for activating CDK8 kinase. Defects in this gene cause X-linked Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome, also known as FG syndrome, and Lujan-Fryns syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| DVL1 | dishevelled segment polarity protein 1|DVL1, the human homolog of the Drosophila dishevelled gene (dsh) encodes a cytoplasmic phosphoprotein that regulates cell proliferation, acting as a transducer molecule for developmental processes, including segmentation and neuroblast specification. DVL1 is a candidate gene for neuroblastomatous transformation. The Schwartz-Jampel syndrome and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A have been mapped to the same region as DVL1. The phenotypes of these diseases may be consistent with defects which might be expected from aberrant expression of a DVL gene during development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ABCB7 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 7|The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MDR/TAP subfamily. Members of the MDR/TAP subfamily are involved in multidrug resistance as well as antigen presentation. This gene encodes a half-transporter involved in the transport of heme from the mitochondria to the cytosol. With iron/sulfur cluster precursors as its substrates, this protein may play a role in metal homeostasis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with mitochondrial iron accumulation and isodicentric (X)(q13) and sideroblastic anemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| ABCB6 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 6 (Langereis blood group)|The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MDR/TAP subfamily. Members of the MDR/TAP subfamily are involved in multidrug resistance as well as antigen presentation. This half-transporter likely plays a role in mitochondrial function. Localized to 2q26, this gene is considered a candidate gene for lethal neonatal metabolic syndrome, a disorder of mitochondrial function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MED16 | mediator complex subunit 16| |
| TRBV12-3 | T cell receptor beta variable 12-3| |
| MED18 | mediator complex subunit 18|MED18 is a component of the Mediator complex, which is a coactivator for DNA-binding factors that activate transcription via RNA polymerase II (Sato et al., 2003 [PubMed 12584197]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2008] |
| MED19 | mediator complex subunit 19|MED19 is a component of the Mediator complex, which is a coactivator for DNA-binding factors that activate transcription via RNA polymerase II (Sato et al., 2003 [PubMed 12584197]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2008] |
| ABCB9 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 9|The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MDR/TAP subfamily. Members of the MDR/TAP subfamily are involved in multidrug resistance as well as antigen presentation. This family member functions in the translocation of peptides from the cytosol into the lysosomal lumen. Alternative splicing of this gene results in distinct isoforms which are likely to have different substrate specificities. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| ABCB8 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 8|This nuclear gene encodes a multi-pass membrane protein that is targeted to the mitochondrial inner membrane. The encoded protein is an ATP-dependent transporter that may mediate the passage of organic and inorganic molecules out of the mitochondria. Loss of function of the related gene in mouse results in a disruption of iron homeostasis between the mitochondria and cytosol. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| SLC9A5 | solute carrier family 9, subfamily A (NHE5, cation proton antiporter 5), member 5| |
| HMGA2 | high mobility group AT-hook 2|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the non-histone chromosomal high mobility group (HMG) protein family. HMG proteins function as architectural factors and are essential components of the enhancesome. This protein contains structural DNA-binding domains and may act as a transcriptional regulating factor. Identification of the deletion, amplification, and rearrangement of this gene that are associated with myxoid liposarcoma suggests a role in adipogenesis and mesenchymal differentiation. A gene knock out study of the mouse counterpart demonstrated that this gene is involved in diet-induced obesity. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EEF1A1P5 | eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 pseudogene 5| |
| PSME2 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 2 (PA28 beta)|The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. The immunoproteasome contains an alternate regulator, referred to as the 11S regulator or PA28, that replaces the 19S regulator. Three subunits (alpha, beta and gamma) of the 11S regulator have been identified. This gene encodes the beta subunit of the 11S regulator, one of the two 11S subunits that is induced by gamma-interferon. Three beta and three alpha subunits combine to form a heterohexameric ring. Six pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 4, 5, 8, 10 and 13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PSME3 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 3 (PA28 gamma; Ki)|The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. The immunoproteasome contains an alternate regulator, referred to as the 11S regulator or PA28, that replaces the 19S regulator. Three subunits (alpha, beta and gamma) of the 11S regulator have been identified. This gene encodes the gamma subunit of the 11S regulator. Six gamma subunits combine to form a homohexameric ring. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| PSME1 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 1 (PA28 alpha)|The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. The immunoproteasome contains an alternate regulator, referred to as the 11S regulator or PA28, that replaces the 19S regulator. Three subunits (alpha, beta and gamma) of the 11S regulator have been identified. This gene encodes the alpha subunit of the 11S regulator, one of the two 11S subunits that is induced by gamma-interferon. Three alpha and three beta subunits combine to form a heterohexameric ring. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| MTSS1 | metastasis suppressor 1| |
| OR2L13 | olfactory receptor, family 2, subfamily L, member 13|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM227A | family with sequence similarity 227, member A| |
| MTFR1L | mitochondrial fission regulator 1-like| |
| SLC9A1 | solute carrier family 9, subfamily A (NHE1, cation proton antiporter 1), member 1|This gene encodes a Na+/H+ antiporter that is a member of the solute carrier family 9. The encoded protein is a plasma membrane transporter that is expressed in the kidney and intestine. This protein plays a central role in regulating pH homeostasis, cell migration and cell volume. This protein may also be involved in tumor growth. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| BAI1 | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor B1|Angiogenesis is controlled by a local balance between stimulators and inhibitors of new vessel growth and is suppressed under normal physiologic conditions. Angiogenesis has been shown to be essential for growth and metastasis of solid tumors. In order to obtain blood supply for their growth, tumor cells are potently angiogenic and attract new vessels as results of increased secretion of inducers and decreased production of endogenous negative regulators. BAI1 contains at least one 'functional' p53-binding site within an intron, and its expression has been shown to be induced by wildtype p53. There are two other brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor genes, designated BAI2 and BAI3 which along with BAI1 have similar tissue specificities and structures, however only BAI1 is transcriptionally regulated by p53. BAI1 is postulated to be a member of the secretin receptor family, an inhibitor of angiogenesis and a growth suppressor of glioblastomas [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BAI2 | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor B2|This gene encodes a a seven-span transmembrane protein that is thought to be a member of the secretin receptor family. The encoded protein is a brain-specific inhibitor of angiogenesis. The mature peptide may be further cleaved into additional products (PMID:20367554). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| BAI3 | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor B3|This p53-target gene encodes a brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor, a seven-span transmembrane protein, and is thought to be a member of the secretin receptor family. Brain-specific angiogenesis proteins BAI2 and BAI3 are similar to BAI1 in structure, have similar tissue specificities, and may also play a role in angiogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC9A2 | solute carrier family 9, subfamily A (NHE2, cation proton antiporter 2), member 2| |
| TOPBP1 | topoisomerase (DNA) II binding protein 1|This gene encodes a binding protein which interacts with the C-terminal region of topoisomerase II beta. This interaction suggests a supportive role for this protein in the catalytic reactions of topoisomerase II beta through transient breakages of DNA strands. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TREML1 | triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-like 1|This gene encodes a member of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-like (TREM) family. The encoded protein is a type 1 single Ig domain orphan receptor localized to the alpha-granule membranes of platelets. The encoded protein is involved in platelet aggregation, inflammation, and cellular activation and has been linked to Gray platelet syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| TLX1 | T-cell leukemia homeobox 1|This gene encodes a nuclear transcription factor that belongs to the NK-linked or NK-like (NKL) subfamily of homeobox genes. The encoded protein is required for normal development of the spleen during embryogenesis. This protein is also involved in specification of neuronal cell fates. Ectopic expression of this gene due to chromosomal translocations is associated with certain T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| TLX2 | T-cell leukemia homeobox 2|This gene is a member of an orphan homeobox-containing transcription factor family. Studies of the mouse ortholog have shown that the encoded protein is crucial for the development of the enteric nervous system; in humans, loss-of-function may play a role in tumorigenesis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| TLX3 | T-cell leukemia homeobox 3|RNX (HOX11L2, TLX3) belongs to a family of orphan homeobox genes that encode DNA-binding nuclear transcription factors. Members of the HOX11 gene family are characterized by a threonine-47 replacing cytosine in the highly conserved homeodomain (Dear et al., 1993 [PubMed 8099440]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| GOLGB1 | golgin B1| |
| ADH1B | alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the alcohol dehydrogenase family. Members of this enzyme family metabolize a wide variety of substrates, including ethanol, retinol, other aliphatic alcohols, hydroxysteroids, and lipid peroxidation products. This encoded protein, consisting of several homo- and heterodimers of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits, exhibits high activity for ethanol oxidation and plays a major role in ethanol catabolism. Three genes encoding alpha, beta and gamma subunits are tandemly organized in a genomic segment as a gene cluster. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| ADH1A | alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide|This gene encodes a member of the alcohol dehydrogenase family. The encoded protein is the alpha subunit of class I alcohol dehydrogenase, which consists of several homo- and heterodimers of alpha, beta and gamma subunits. Alcohol dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes. This gene is active in the liver in early fetal life but only weakly active in adult liver. This gene is found in a cluster with six additional alcohol dehydrogenase genes, including those encoding the beta and gamma subunits, on the long arm of chromosome 4. Mutations in this gene may contribute to variation in certain personality traits and substance dependence. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| HCK | HCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Src family of tyrosine kinases. This protein is primarily hemopoietic, particularly in cells of the myeloid and B-lymphoid lineages. It may help couple the Fc receptor to the activation of the respiratory burst. In addition, it may play a role in neutrophil migration and in the degranulation of neutrophils. Multiple isoforms with different subcellular distributions are produced due to both alternative splicing and the use of alternative translation initiation codons, including a non-AUG (CUG) codon. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| MUSK | muscle, skeletal, receptor tyrosine kinase|This gene encodes a muscle-specific tyrosine kinase receptor. The encoded protein may play a role in clustering of the acetylcholine receptor in the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction. Mutations in this gene have been associated with congenital myasthenic syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| ACP2 | acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal|This gene encodes the beta subunit of lysosomal acid phosphatase (LAP). LAP is chemically and genetically distinct from red cell acid phosphatase. The encoded protein belongs to a family of distinct isoenzymes which hydrolyze orthophosphoric monoesters to alcohol and phosphate. LAP-deficiencies in mice cause multiple defects including bone structure alterations, lysosomal storage defects in the kidneys and central nervous system, and an increased tendency towards seizures. An enzymatically-inactive allele of LAP in mice exhibited a more severe phenotype than the null allele, and defects included cerebellum abnormalities, growth retardation, hair-follicle abnormalities, and an ataxia-like phenotype. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| PMAIP1 | phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1| |
| ARFGEF2 | ADP-ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide-exchange factor 2 (brefeldin A-inhibited)|ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) play an important role in intracellular vesicular trafficking. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the activation of ARFs by accelerating replacement of bound GDP with GTP and is involved in Golgi transport. It contains a Sec7 domain, which may be responsible for its guanine-nucleotide exchange activity and also brefeldin A inhibition. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| JUN | jun proto-oncogene|This gene is the putative transforming gene of avian sarcoma virus 17. It encodes a protein which is highly similar to the viral protein, and which interacts directly with specific target DNA sequences to regulate gene expression. This gene is intronless and is mapped to 1p32-p31, a chromosomal region involved in both translocations and deletions in human malignancies. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MLEC | malectin|This gene encodes the carbohydrate-binding protein malectin which is a Type I membrane-anchored endoplasmic reticulum protein. This protein has an affinity for Glc2Man9GlcNAc2 (G2M9) N-glycans and is involved in regulating glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum. This protein has also been shown to interact with ribophorin I and may be involved in the directing the degradation of misfolded proteins. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| TGM2 | transglutaminase 2|Transglutaminases are enzymes that catalyze the crosslinking of proteins by epsilon-gamma glutamyl lysine isopeptide bonds. While the primary structure of transglutaminases is not conserved, they all have the same amino acid sequence at their active sites and their activity is calcium-dependent. The protein encoded by this gene acts as a monomer, is induced by retinoic acid, and appears to be involved in apoptosis. Finally, the encoded protein is the autoantigen implicated in celiac disease. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IST1 | increased sodium tolerance 1 homolog (yeast)|This gene encodes a protein with MIT-interacting motifs that interacts with components of endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT). ESCRT functions in vesicle budding, such as that which occurs during membrane abscission in cytokinesis. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 19. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| LIN7B | lin-7 homolog B (C. elegans)| |
| CYP2W1 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily W, polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC30A5 | solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 5|This gene encodes a member of the SLC30A/ZnT family of zinc transporter proteins. ZnT proteins mediate both cellular zinc efflux and zinc sequestration into membrane-bound organelles. The encoded protein plays a role in the early secretory pathway as a heterodimer with zinc transporter 6, and may also regulate zinc sequestration into secretory granules of pancreatic beta cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 19. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| SLC30A4 | solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 4|Zinc is the second most abundant trace metal in the human body. It is an essential element, serving both a structural role, as in the formation of zinc fingers in DNA-binding proteins, and a catalytic role in metalloenzymes, such as pancreatic carboxypeptidases (e.g., MIM 114852), alkaline phosphatases (e.g., MIM 171760), various dehydrogenases, and superoxide dismutases (e.g., MIM 147450). SLC30A4, or ZNT4, belongs to the ZNT family of zinc transporters. ZNTs are involved in transporting zinc out of the cytoplasm and have similar structures, consisting of 6 transmembrane domains and a histidine-rich cytoplasmic loop (Huang and Gitschier, 1997 [PubMed 9354792]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SLC30A7 | solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 7|Zinc functions as a cofactor for numerous enzymes, nuclear factors, and hormones and as an intra- and intercellular signal ion. Members of the zinc transporter (ZNT)/SLC30 subfamily of the cation diffusion facilitator family, such as SLC30A7, permit cellular efflux of zinc (Seve et al., 2004 [PubMed 15154973]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SLC30A6 | solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 6|Zinc functions as a cofactor for numerous enzymes, nuclear factors, and hormones and as an intra- and intercellular signal ion. Members of the zinc transporter (ZNT)/SLC30 subfamily of the cation diffusion facilitator family, such as SLC30A6, permit cellular efflux of zinc (Seve et al., 2004 [PubMed 15154973]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SLC30A1 | solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 1| |
| GHSR | growth hormone secretagogue receptor|This gene encodes a member of the G-protein coupled receptor family. The encoded protein may play a role in energy homeostasis and regulation of body weight. Two identified transcript variants are expressed in several tissues and are evolutionary conserved in fish and swine. One transcript, 1a, excises an intron and encodes the functional protein; this protein is the receptor for the Ghrelin ligand and defines a neuroendocrine pathway for growth hormone release. The second transcript (1b) retains the intron and does not function as a receptor for Ghrelin; however, it may function to attenuate activity of isoform 1a. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal idiopathic short stature.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| SLC30A3 | solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 3| |
| IMMP2L | IMP2 inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase-like (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a protein involved in processing the signal peptide sequences used to direct mitochondrial proteins to the mitochondria. The encoded protein resides in the mitochondria and is one of the necessary proteins for the catalytic activity of the mitochondrial inner membrane peptidase (IMP) complex. Two variants that encode the same protein have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| PLEKHB1 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family B (evectins) member 1| |
| CENPF | centromere protein F, 350/400kDa|This gene encodes a protein that associates with the centromere-kinetochore complex. The protein is a component of the nuclear matrix during the G2 phase of interphase. In late G2 the protein associates with the kinetochore and maintains this association through early anaphase. It localizes to the spindle midzone and the intracellular bridge in late anaphase and telophase, respectively, and is thought to be subsequently degraded. The localization of this protein suggests that it may play a role in chromosome segregation during mitotis. It is thought to form either a homodimer or heterodimer. Autoantibodies against this protein have been found in patients with cancer or graft versus host disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EML2 | echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 2| |
| GADD45A | growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha|This gene is a member of a group of genes whose transcript levels are increased following stressful growth arrest conditions and treatment with DNA-damaging agents. The protein encoded by this gene responds to environmental stresses by mediating activation of the p38/JNK pathway via MTK1/MEKK4 kinase. The DNA damage-induced transcription of this gene is mediated by both p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| GADD45B | growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta|This gene is a member of a group of genes whose transcript levels are increased following stressful growth arrest conditions and treatment with DNA-damaging agents. The genes in this group respond to environmental stresses by mediating activation of the p38/JNK pathway. This activation is mediated via their proteins binding and activating MTK1/MEKK4 kinase, which is an upstream activator of both p38 and JNK MAPKs. The function of these genes or their protein products is involved in the regulation of growth and apoptosis. These genes are regulated by different mechanisms, but they are often coordinately expressed and can function cooperatively in inhibiting cell growth. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EML1 | echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 1|Human echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like is a strong candidate for the Usher syndrome type 1A gene. Usher syndromes (USHs) are a group of genetic disorders consisting of congenital deafness, retinitis pigmentosa, and vestibular dysfunction of variable onset and severity depending on the genetic type. The disease process in USHs involves the entire brain and is not limited to the posterior fossa or auditory and visual systems. The USHs are catagorized as type I (USH1A, USH1B, USH1C, USH1D, USH1E and USH1F), type II (USH2A and USH2B) and type III (USH3). The type I is the most severe form. Gene loci responsible for these three types are all mapped. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EML4 | echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4|This gene is a member of the echinoderm microtubule associated protein-like family. The encoded WD-repeat protein may be involved in microtubule formation. Abnormal fusion of parts of this gene with portions of the anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase gene, which generates EML4-ALK fusion transcripts, is one of the primary mutations associated with non-small cell lung cancer. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| GADD45G | growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, gamma|This gene is a member of a group of genes whose transcript levels are increased following stressful growth arrest conditions and treatment with DNA-damaging agents. The protein encoded by this gene responds to environmental stresses by mediating activation of the p38/JNK pathway via MTK1/MEKK4 kinase. The GADD45G is highly expressed in placenta. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLEKHB2 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family B (evectins) member 2| |
| ZYG11B | zyg-11 family member B, cell cycle regulator| |
| ADM5 | adrenomedullin 5 (putative)| |
| TAGLN2 | transgelin 2|The protein encoded by this gene is similar to the protein transgelin, which is one of the earliest markers of differentiated smooth muscle. The specific function of this protein has not yet been determined, although it is thought to be a tumor suppressor. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| ZYG11A | zyg-11 family member A, cell cycle regulator| |
| GJD3 | gap junction protein, delta 3, 31.9kDa|This gene is a member of the large family of connexins that are required for the formation of gap junctions. Six connexin monomers form a hemichannel, or connexon, on the cell surface. This connexon can interact with a connexon from a neighboring cell, thus forming a channel linking the cytoplasm of the 2 cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPEF1 | sperm flagellar 1| |
| HLA-DPB1 | major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP beta 1|HLA-DPB belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DPA) and a beta chain (DPB), both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The beta chain is approximately 26-28 kDa and its gene contains 6 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail. Within the DP molecule both the alpha chain and the beta chain contain the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities, resulting in up to 4 different molecules. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPEF2 | sperm flagellar 2| |
| CETP | cholesteryl ester transfer protein, plasma|The protein encoded by this gene is found in plasma, where it is involved in the transfer of cholesteryl ester from high density lipoprotein (HDL) to other lipoproteins. Defects in this gene are a cause of hyperalphalipoproteinemia 1 (HALP1). Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2013] |
| LCN1P1 | lipocalin 1 pseudogene 1| |
| NARS2 | asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial (putative)|This gene encodes a putative member of the class II family of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. These enzymes play a critical role in protein biosynthesis by charging tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. This protein is encoded by the nuclear genome but is likely to be imported to the mitochondrion where it is thought to catalyze the ligation of asparagine to tRNA molecules. Mutations in this gene have been associated with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 24 (COXPD24). [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015] |
| NAIP | NLR family, apoptosis inhibitory protein|This gene is part of a 500 kb inverted duplication on chromosome 5q13. This duplicated region contains at least four genes and repetitive elements which make it prone to rearrangements and deletions. The repetitiveness and complexity of the sequence have also caused difficulty in determining the organization of this genomic region. This copy of the gene is full length; additional copies with truncations and internal deletions are also present in this region of chromosome 5q13. It is thought that this gene is a modifier of spinal muscular atrophy caused by mutations in a neighboring gene, SMN1. The protein encoded by this gene contains regions of homology to two baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, and it is able to suppress apoptosis induced by various signals. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NUPL1 | nucleoporin like 1|This gene encodes a member of the nucleoporin family that shares 87% sequence identity with rat nucleoporin p58. The protein is localized to the nuclear rim and is a component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). All molecules entering or leaving the nucleus either diffuse through or are actively transported by the NPC. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NUPL2 | nucleoporin like 2| |
| MIPOL1 | mirror-image polydactyly 1|This gene encodes a coiled-coil domain-containing protein. The encoded protein may function as a tumor suppressor. A translocation that results in truncation of the protein encoded by this locus has been associated with mirror-image polydactyly, also known as Laurin-Sandrow Syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| GMPR | guanosine monophosphate reductase|This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible and NADPH-dependent reductive deamination of GMP to IMP. The protein also functions in the re-utilization of free intracellular bases and purine nucleosides.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| GMPS | guanine monphosphate synthase|In the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides, IMP is the branch point metabolite at which point the pathway diverges to the synthesis of either guanine or adenine nucleotides. In the guanine nucleotide pathway, there are 2 enzymes involved in converting IMP to GMP, namely IMP dehydrogenase (IMPD1), which catalyzes the oxidation of IMP to XMP, and GMP synthetase, which catalyzes the amination of XMP to GMP. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RSPO3 | R-spondin 3|This gene belongs to the R-spondin family. The encoded protein plays a role in the regulation of Wnt (wingless-type MMTV integration site family)/beta-catenin and Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathways, which are involved in development, cell growth and disease pathogenesis. Genome-wide association studies suggest a correlation of this gene with bone mineral density and risk of fracture. This gene may be involved in tumor development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| RSPO2 | R-spondin 2|R-spondins (RSPOs), such as RSPO2, are secreted proteins that regulate beta-catenin (CTNNB1; MIM 116806) signaling (Kim et al., 2006 [PubMed 16357527]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| RSPO1 | R-spondin 1|This gene encodes a secreted activator protein with two cysteine-rich, furin-like domains and one thrombospondin type 1 domain. The encoded protein is a ligand for leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptors (LGR proteins) and positively regulates the Wnt signaling pathway. In mice, the protein induces the rapid onset of crypt cell proliferation and increases intestinal epithelial healing, providing a protective effect against chemotherapy-induced adverse effects. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| CNN1 | calponin 1, basic, smooth muscle| |
| CNN3 | calponin 3, acidic|This gene encodes a protein with a markedly acidic C terminus; the basic N-terminus is highly homologous to the N-terminus of a related gene, CNN1. Members of the CNN gene family all contain similar tandemly repeated motifs. This encoded protein is associated with the cytoskeleton but is not involved in contraction. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CNN2 | calponin 2|The protein encoded by this gene, which can bind actin, calmodulin, troponin C, and tropomyosin, may function in the structural organization of actin filaments. The encoded protein could play a role in smooth muscle contraction and cell adhesion. Several pseudogenes of this gene have been identified, and are present on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 21 and 22. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| RXFP2 | relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 2|This gene encodes a member of the GPCR (G protein-coupled, 7-transmembrane receptor) family. Mutations in this gene are associated with cryptorchidism. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| DHODH | dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the fourth enzymatic step, the ubiquinone-mediated oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate, in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. This protein is a mitochondrial protein located on the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCER1 | coiled-coil glutamate-rich protein 1| |
| ZNF273 | zinc finger protein 273|This gene is a member of the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family and encodes a protein with 13 C2H2-type zinc fingers and a KRAB domain. This nuclear protein is involved in transcriptional regulation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF277 | zinc finger protein 277| |
| ZNF276 | zinc finger protein 276| |
| NCAPH | non-SMC condensin I complex, subunit H|This gene encodes a member of the barr gene family and a regulatory subunit of the condensin complex. This complex is required for the conversion of interphase chromatin into condensed chromosomes. The protein encoded by this gene is associated with mitotic chromosomes, except during the early phase of chromosome condensation. During interphase, the protein has a distinct punctate nucleolar localization. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different proteins have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| CHAC2 | ChaC, cation transport regulator homolog 2 (E. coli)| |
| CHAC1 | ChaC glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1| |
| KCNV2 | potassium channel, voltage gated modifier subfamily V, member 2|Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. This gene encodes a member of the potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily V. This member is identified as a 'silent subunit', and it does not form homomultimers, but forms heteromultimers with several other subfamily members. Through obligatory heteromerization, it exerts a function-altering effect on other potassium channel subunits. This protein is strongly expressed in pancreas and has a weaker expression in several other tissues. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNV1 | potassium channel, voltage gated modifier subfamily V, member 1|Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. This gene encodes a member of the potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily V. This protein is essentially present in the brain, and its role might be to inhibit the function of a particular class of outward rectifier potassium channel types. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SNTA1 | syntrophin, alpha 1|Syntrophins are cytoplasmic peripheral membrane scaffold proteins that are components of the dystrophin-associated protein complex. This gene is a member of the syntrophin gene family and encodes the most common syntrophin isoform found in cardiac tissues. The N-terminal PDZ domain of this syntrophin protein interacts with the C-terminus of the pore-forming alpha subunit (SCN5A) of the cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5. This protein also associates cardiac sodium channels with the nitric oxide synthase-PMCA4b (plasma membrane Ca-ATPase subtype 4b) complex in cardiomyocytes. This gene is a susceptibility locus for Long-QT syndrome (LQT) - an inherited disorder associated with sudden cardiac death from arrhythmia - and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). This protein also associates with dystrophin and dystrophin-related proteins at the neuromuscular junction and alters intracellular calcium ion levels in muscle tissue. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| SPANXN4 | SPANX family, member N4|This gene represents one of several duplicated family members that are located on the X chromosome. This gene family encodes proteins that play a role in spermiogenesis. These proteins represent a specific subgroup of cancer/testis-associated antigens, and they may be candidates for tumor vaccines. This family member belongs to a subgroup of related genes that are present in all primates and rats and mice, and thus, it represents one of the ancestral family members. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| FAM98A | family with sequence similarity 98, member A| |
| CIAO1 | cytosolic iron-sulfur assembly component 1| |
| NOP10 | NOP10 ribonucleoprotein|This gene is a member of the H/ACA snoRNPs (small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins) gene family. snoRNPs are involved in various aspects of rRNA processing and modification and have been classified into two families: C/D and H/ACA. The H/ACA snoRNPs also include the DKC1, NOLA1 and NOLA2 proteins. These four H/ACA snoRNP proteins localize to the dense fibrillar components of nucleoli and to coiled (Cajal) bodies in the nucleus. Both 18S rRNA production and rRNA pseudouridylation are impaired if any one of the four proteins is depleted. The four H/ACA snoRNP proteins are also components of the telomerase complex. This gene encodes a protein related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nop10p. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ITGA10 | integrin, alpha 10|Integrins are integral transmembrane glycoproteins composed of noncovalently linked alpha and beta chains. They participate in cell adhesion as well as cell-surface mediated signalling. This gene encodes an integrin alpha chain and is expressed at high levels in chondrocytes, where it is transcriptionally regulated by AP-2epsilon and Ets-1. The protein encoded by this gene binds to collagen. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| PLCB3 | phospholipase C, beta 3 (phosphatidylinositol-specific)|This gene encodes a member of the phosphoinositide phospholipase C beta enzyme family that catalyze the production of the secondary messengers diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate from phosphatidylinositol in G-protein-linked receptor-mediated signal transduction. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| NOP14 | NOP14 nucleolar protein|This gene encodes a protein that plays a role in pre-18s rRNA processing and small ribosomal subunit assembly. The encoded protein may be involved in the regulation of pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and migration. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| TMEM177 | transmembrane protein 177| |
| PARP8 | poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 8| |
| EIF5B | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5B|Accurate initiation of translation in eukaryotes is complex and requires many factors, some of which are composed of multiple subunits. The process is simpler in prokaryotes which have only three initiation factors (IF1, IF2, IF3). Two of these factors are conserved in eukaryotes: the homolog of IF1 is eIF1A and the homolog of IF2 is eIF5B. This gene encodes eIF5B. Factors eIF1A and eIF5B interact on the ribosome along with other initiation factors and GTP to position the initiation methionine tRNA on the start codon of the mRNA so that translation initiates accurately. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CTXN1 | cortexin 1| |
| EIF5A | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A| |
| CCKBR | cholecystokinin B receptor|This gene encodes a G-protein coupled receptor for gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK), regulatory peptides of the brain and gastrointestinal tract. This protein is a type B gastrin receptor, which has a high affinity for both sulfated and nonsulfated CCK analogs and is found principally in the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. A misspliced transcript variant including an intron has been observed in cells from colorectal and pancreatic tumors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAML2 | mastermind-like 2 (Drosophila)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Mastermind-like family of proteins. All family members are proline and glutamine-rich, and contain a conserved basic domain that binds the ankyrin repeat domain of the intracellular domain of the Notch receptors (ICN1-4) in their N-terminus, and a transcriptional activation domain in their C-terminus. This protein binds to an extended groove that is formed by the interaction of CBF1, Suppressor of Hairless, LAG-1 (CSL) with ICN, and positively regulates Notch signaling. High levels of expression of this gene have been observed in several B cell-derived lymphomas. Translocations resulting in fusion proteins with both CRTC1 and CRTC3 have been implicated in the development of mucoepidermoid carcinomas, while a translocation event with CXCR4 has been linked with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Copy number variation in the polyglutamine tract has been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| EPHB4 | EPH receptor B4|Ephrin receptors and their ligands, the ephrins, mediate numerous developmental processes, particularly in the nervous system. Based on their structures and sequence relationships, ephrins are divided into the ephrin-A (EFNA) class, which are anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, and the ephrin-B (EFNB) class, which are transmembrane proteins. The Eph family of receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands. Ephrin receptors make up the largest subgroup of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. The protein encoded by this gene binds to ephrin-B2 and plays an essential role in vascular development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAML1 | mastermind-like 1 (Drosophila)|This protein is the human homolog of mastermind, a Drosophila protein that plays a role in the Notch signaling pathway involved in cell-fate determination. There is in vitro evidence that the human homolog forms a complex with the intracellular portion of human Notch receptors and can increase expression of a Notch-induced gene. This evidence supports its proposed function as a transcriptional co-activator in the Notch signaling pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NONO | non-POU domain containing, octamer-binding|This gene encodes an RNA-binding protein which plays various roles in the nucleus, including transcriptional regulation and RNA splicing. A rearrangement between this gene and the transcription factor E3 gene has been observed in papillary renal cell carcinoma. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. Pseudogenes exist on Chromosomes 2 and 16. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| MARCH8 | membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 8, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|MARCH8 is a member of the MARCH family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases (EC 6.3.2.19). MARCH enzymes add ubiquitin (see MIM 191339) to target lysines in substrate proteins, thereby signaling their vesicular transport between membrane compartments. MARCH8 induces the internalization of several membrane glycoproteins (Goto et al., 2003 [PubMed 12582153]; Bartee et al., 2004 [PubMed 14722266]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010] |
| UNC119 | unc-119 homolog (C. elegans)|This gene is specifically expressed in the photoreceptors in the retina. The encoded product shares strong homology with the C. elegans unc119 protein and it can functionally complement the C. elegans unc119 mutation. It has been localized to the photoreceptor synapses in the outer plexiform layer of the retina, and suggested to play a role in the mechanism of photoreceptor neurotransmitter release through the synaptic vesicle cycle. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRPM8 | transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 8| |
| LSM14A | LSM14A, SCD6 homolog A (S. cerevisiae)|Sm-like proteins were identified in a variety of organisms based on sequence homology with the Sm protein family (see SNRPD2; 601061). Sm-like proteins contain the Sm sequence motif, which consists of 2 regions separated by a linker of variable length that folds as a loop. The Sm-like proteins are thought to form a stable heteromer present in tri-snRNP particles, which are important for pre-mRNA splicing.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| TRPM4 | transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a calcium-activated nonselective ion channel that mediates transport of monovalent cations across membranes, thereby depolarizing the membrane. The activity of the encoded protein increases with increasing intracellular calcium concentration, but this channel does not transport calcium. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| PAK2 | p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 2|The p21 activated kinases (PAK) are critical effectors that link Rho GTPases to cytoskeleton reorganization and nuclear signaling. The PAK proteins are a family of serine/threonine kinases that serve as targets for the small GTP binding proteins, CDC42 and RAC1, and have been implicated in a wide range of biological activities. The protein encoded by this gene is activated by proteolytic cleavage during caspase-mediated apoptosis, and may play a role in regulating the apoptotic events in the dying cell. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CLSTN3 | calsyntenin 3| |
| HYAL2 | hyaluronoglucosaminidase 2|This gene encodes a weak acid-active hyaluronidase. The encoded protein is similar in structure to other more active hyaluronidases. Hyaluronidases degrade hyaluronan, one of the major glycosaminoglycans of the extracellular matrix. Hyaluronan and fragments of hyaluronan are thought to be involved in cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Although it was previously thought to be a lysosomal hyaluronidase that is active at a pH below 4, the encoded protein is likely a GPI-anchored cell surface protein. This hyaluronidase serves as a receptor for the oncogenic virus Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus. The gene is one of several related genes in a region of chromosome 3p21.3 associated with tumor suppression. This gene encodes two alternatively spliced transcript variants which differ only in the 5' UTR.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| TRPM1 | transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 1|This gene encodes a member of the transient receptor potential melastatin subfamily of transient receptor potential ion channels. The encoded protein is a calcium permeable cation channel that is expressed in melanocytes and may play a role in melanin synthesis. Specific mutations in this gene are the cause autosomal recessive complete congenital stationary night blindness-1C. The expression of this protein is inversely correlated with melanoma aggressiveness and as such it is used as a prognostic marker for melanoma metastasis. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| TRPM2 | transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a calcium-permeable cation channel that is regulated by free intracellular ADP-ribose. The encoded protein is activated by oxidative stress and confers susceptibility to cell death. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but their full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRPM3 | transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 3|The product of this gene belongs to the family of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. TRP channels are cation-selective channels important for cellular calcium signaling and homeostasis. The protein encoded by this gene mediates calcium entry, and this entry is potentiated by calcium store depletion. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SULT1C2 | sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1C, member 2|Sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and xenobiotic compounds. These cytosolic enzymes are different in their tissue distributions and substrate specificities. The gene structure (number and length of exons) is similar among family members. This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the SULT1 subfamily, responsible for transferring a sulfo moiety from PAPS to phenol-containing compounds. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TUBB8 | tubulin, beta 8 class VIII| |
| B3GNT5 | UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 5|This gene encodes a member of the beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase family. This enzyme is a type II membrane protein. It exhibits strong activity to transfer GlcNAc to glycolipid substrates and is identified as the most likely candidate for lactotriaosylceramide synthase. This enzyme is essential for the expression of Lewis X epitopes on glycolipids. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TUBB6 | tubulin, beta 6 class V| |
| TUBB3 | tubulin, beta 3 class III|This gene encodes a class III member of the beta tubulin protein family. Beta tubulins are one of two core protein families (alpha and beta tubulins) that heterodimerize and assemble to form microtubules. This protein is primarily expressed in neurons and may be involved in neurogenesis and axon guidance and maintenance. Mutations in this gene are the cause of congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type 3. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| TUBB1 | tubulin, beta 1 class VI|This gene encodes a member of the beta tubulin protein family. Beta tubulins are one of two core protein families (alpha and beta tubulins) that heterodimerize and assemble to form microtubules. This protein is specifically expressed in platelets and megakaryocytes and may be involved in proplatelet production and platelet release. A mutations in this gene is associated with autosomal dominant macrothrombocytopenia. Two pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosome Y.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| FAN1 | FANCD2/FANCI-associated nuclease 1|This gene encodes a member of the myotubularin-related class 1 cysteine-based protein tyrosine phosphatases. The encoded protein may be catalytically inactive. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| HERC3 | HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 3|This gene encodes a member the HERC ubiquitin ligase family. The encoded protein is located in the cytosol and binds ubiquitin via a HECT domain. Mutations in this gene have been associated with colorectal and gastric carcinomas. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| HERC2 | HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2|This gene belongs to the HERC gene family that encodes a group of unusually large proteins, which contain multiple structural domains. All members have at least 1 copy of an N-terminal region showing homology to the cell cycle regulator RCC1 and a C-terminal HECT (homologous to E6-AP C terminus) domain found in a number of E3 ubiquitin protein ligases. Genetic variations in this gene are associated with skin/hair/eye pigmentation variability. Multiple pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 15 and 16. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| HERC5 | HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 5|This gene is a member of the HERC family of ubiquitin ligases and encodes a protein with a HECT domain and five RCC1 repeats. Pro-inflammatory cytokines upregulate expression of this gene in endothelial cells. The protein localizes to the cytoplasm and perinuclear region and functions as an interferon-induced E3 protein ligase that mediates ISGylation of protein targets. The gene lies in a cluster of HERC family genes on chromosome 4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HERC4 | HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 4|HERC4 belongs to the HERC family of ubiquitin ligases, all of which contain a HECT domain and at least 1 RCC1 (MIM 179710)-like domain (RLD). The 350-amino acid HECT domain is predicted to catalyze the formation of a thioester with ubiquitin before transferring it to a substrate, and the RLD is predicted to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for small G proteins (Hochrainer et al., 2005 [PubMed 15676274]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| HERC6 | HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase family member 6|HERC6 belongs to the HERC family of ubiquitin ligases, all of which contain a HECT domain and at least 1 RCC1 (MIM 179710)-like domain (RLD). The 350-amino acid HECT domain is predicted to catalyze the formation of a thioester with ubiquitin before transferring it to a substrate, and the RLD is predicted to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for small G proteins (Hochrainer et al., 2005 [PubMed 15676274]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MUC17 | mucin 17, cell surface associated|Membrane mucins, such as MUC17, function in epithelial cells to provide cytoprotection, maintain luminal structure, provide signal transduction, and confer antiadhesive properties upon cancer cells that lose their apical/basal polarization.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| C19orf70 | chromosome 19 open reading frame 70| |
| PARP3 | poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 3|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the PARP family. These enzymes modify nuclear proteins by poly-ADP-ribosylation, which is required for DNA repair, regulation of apoptosis, and maintenance of genomic stability. This gene encodes the poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase 3, which is preferentially localized to the daughter centriole throughout the cell cycle. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| APOLD1 | apolipoprotein L domain containing 1|APOLD1 is an endothelial cell early response protein that may play a role in regulation of endothelial cell signaling and vascular function (Regard et al., 2004 [PubMed 15102925]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2008] |
| SH3BGRL3 | SH3 domain binding glutamate-rich protein like 3| |
| SH3BGRL2 | SH3 domain binding glutamate-rich protein like 2| |
| PEX5L | peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5-like| |
| PSMB9 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, beta type, 9|The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered ring-shaped 20S core structure. The core structure is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes a member of the proteasome B-type family, also known as the T1B family, that is a 20S core beta subunit. This gene is located in the class II region of the MHC (major histocompatibility complex). Expression of this gene is induced by gamma interferon and this gene product replaces catalytic subunit 1 (proteasome beta 6 subunit) in the immunoproteasome. Proteolytic processing is required to generate a mature subunit. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| NYNRIN | NYN domain and retroviral integrase containing| |
| C17orf59 | chromosome 17 open reading frame 59| |
| FNDC4 | fibronectin type III domain containing 4| |
| COPRS | coordinator of PRMT5, differentiation stimulator| |
| C11orf68 | chromosome 11 open reading frame 68| |
| SLCO2B1 | solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 2B1|This locus encodes a member of the organic anion-transporting polypeptide family of membrane proteins. The protein encoded by this locus may function in regulation of placental uptake of sulfated steroids. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| C17orf51 | chromosome 17 open reading frame 51| |
| C17orf53 | chromosome 17 open reading frame 53| |
| C11orf65 | chromosome 11 open reading frame 65| |
| TFDP3 | transcription factor Dp family, member 3|This gene encodes a member of the DP family of transcription factors. These factors heterodimerize with E2F proteins to enhance their DNA-binding activity and promote transcription from E2F target genes. This protein functions as a negative regulator and inhibits the DNA binding and transcriptional activities of E2F factors.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| C11orf63 | chromosome 11 open reading frame 63| |
| TFDP1 | transcription factor Dp-1|This gene encodes a member of a family of transcription factors that heterodimerize with E2F proteins to enhance their DNA-binding activity and promote transcription from E2F target genes. The encoded protein functions as part of this complex to control the transcriptional activity of numerous genes involved in cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 1, 15, and X.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| EIF3C | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit C| |
| MIS18A | MIS18 kinetochore protein A| |
| CD53 | CD53 molecule|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins. It contributes to the transduction of CD2-generated signals in T cells and natural killer cells and has been suggested to play a role in growth regulation. Familial deficiency of this gene has been linked to an immunodeficiency associated with recurrent infectious diseases caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MKNK2 | MAP kinase interacting serine/threonine kinase 2|This gene encodes a member of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CAMK) Ser/Thr protein kinase family, which belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. This protein contains conserved DLG (asp-leu-gly) and ENIL (glu-asn-ile-leu) motifs, and an N-terminal polybasic region which binds importin A and the translation factor scaffold protein eukaryotic initiation factor 4G (eIF4G). This protein is one of the downstream kinases activated by mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. It phosphorylates the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), thus playing important roles in the initiation of mRNA translation, oncogenic transformation and malignant cell proliferation. In addition to eIF4E, this protein also interacts with von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (VHL), ring-box 1 (Rbx1) and Cullin2 (Cul2), which are all components of the CBC(VHL) ubiquitin ligase E3 complex. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, but the full-length nature and biological activity of only two variants are determined. These two variants encode distinct isoforms which differ in activity and regulation, and in subcellular localization. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| LCLAT1 | lysocardiolipin acyltransferase 1| |
| MKNK1 | MAP kinase interacting serine/threonine kinase 1|This gene encodes a Ser/Thr protein kinase that interacts with, and is activated by ERK1 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, and thus may play a role in the response to environmental stress and cytokines. This kinase may also regulate transcription by phosphorylating eIF4E via interaction with the C-terminal region of eIF4G. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| B3GNT9 | UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 9| |
| OLFM3 | olfactomedin 3| |
| OLFM2 | olfactomedin 2| |
| OLFM1 | olfactomedin 1|This gene product shares extensive sequence similarity with the rat neuronal olfactomedin-related ER localized protein. While the exact function of the encoded protein is not known, its abundant expression in brain suggests that it may have an essential role in nerve tissue. Several alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCR3 | chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for C-C type chemokines. It belongs to family 1 of the G protein-coupled receptors. This receptor binds and responds to a variety of chemokines, including eotaxin (CCL11), eotaxin-3 (CCL26), MCP-3 (CCL7), MCP-4 (CCL13), and RANTES (CCL5). It is highly expressed in eosinophils and basophils, and is also detected in TH1 and TH2 cells, as well as in airway epithelial cells. This receptor may contribute to the accumulation and activation of eosinophils and other inflammatory cells in the allergic airway. It is also known to be an entry co-receptor for HIV-1. This gene and seven other chemokine receptor genes form a chemokine receptor gene cluster on the chromosomal region 3p21. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| CCR4 | chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 4|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the G-protein-coupled receptor family . It is a receptor for the CC chemokine - MIP-1, RANTES, TARC and MCP-1. Chemokines are a group of small polypeptide, structurally related molecules that regulate cell trafficking of various types of leukocytes. The chemokines also play fundamental roles in the development, homeostasis, and function of the immune system, and they have effects on cells of the central nervous system as well as on endothelial cells involved in angiogenesis or angiostasis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RHOT1 | ras homolog family member T1| |
| CDSN | corneodesmosin|This gene encodes a protein found in corneodesmosomes, which localize to human epidermis and other cornified squamous epithelia. The encoded protein undergoes a series of cleavages during corneocyte maturation. This gene is highly polymorphic in human populations, and variation has been associated with skin diseases such as psoriasis, hypotrichosis and peeling skin syndrome. The gene is located in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I region on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| OLFM4 | olfactomedin 4|This gene was originally cloned from human myeloblasts and found to be selectively expressed in inflammed colonic epithelium. This gene encodes a member of the olfactomedin family. The encoded protein is an antiapoptotic factor that promotes tumor growth and is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that facilitates cell adhesion. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| CCR8 | chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 8|This gene encodes a member of the beta chemokine receptor family, which is predicted to be a seven transmembrane protein similar to G protein-coupled receptors. Chemokines and their receptors are important for the migration of various cell types into the inflammatory sites. This receptor protein preferentially expresses in the thymus. I-309, thymus activation-regulated cytokine (TARC) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1 beta) have been identified as ligands of this receptor. Studies of this receptor and its ligands suggested its role in regulation of monocyte chemotaxis and thymic cell apoptosis. More specifically, this receptor may contribute to the proper positioning of activated T cells within the antigenic challenge sites and specialized areas of lymphoid tissues. This gene is located at the chemokine receptor gene cluster region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCR9 | chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 9|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the beta chemokine receptor family. It is predicted to be a seven transmembrane protein similar to G protein-coupled receptors. Chemokines and their receptors are key regulators of the thymocytes migration and maturation in normal and inflammation conditions. The specific ligand of this receptor is CCL25. It has been found that this gene is differentially expressed by T lymphocytes of small intestine and colon, suggested a role in the thymocytes recruitment and development that may permit functional specialization of immune responses in different segment of the gastrointestinal tract. This gene is mapped to the chemokine receptor gene cluster region. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| GMEB1 | glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein 1|This gene encodes a member of KDWK gene family which associates with GMEB2 protein. The GMEB1-GMEB2 complex is essential for parvovirus DNA replication. Studies in rat for a similar gene suggest that this gene's role is to modulate the transactivation of the glucocorticoid receptor when it is bound to glucocorticoid response elements. Two alternative spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms exist. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| STK39 | serine threonine kinase 39|This gene encodes a serine/threonine kinase that is thought to function in the cellular stress response pathway. The kinase is activated in response to hypotonic stress, leading to phosphorylation of several cation-chloride-coupled cotransporters. The catalytically active kinase specifically activates the p38 MAP kinase pathway, and its interaction with p38 decreases upon cellular stress, suggesting that this kinase may serve as an intermediate in the response to cellular stress. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BCAS2 | breast carcinoma amplified sequence 2| |
| BCAS3 | breast carcinoma amplified sequence 3| |
| BCAS1 | breast carcinoma amplified sequence 1|This gene resides in a region at 20q13 which is amplified in a variety of tumor types and associated with more aggressive tumor phenotypes. Among the genes identified from this region, it was found to be highly expressed in three amplified breast cancer cell lines and in one breast tumor without amplification at 20q13.2. However, this gene is not in the common region of maximal amplification and its expression was not detected in the breast cancer cell line MCF7, in which this region is highly amplified. Although not consistently expressed, this gene is a candidate oncogene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DRAM1 | DNA-damage regulated autophagy modulator 1|This gene is regulated as part of the p53 tumor suppressor pathway. The gene encodes a lysosomal membrane protein that is required for the induction of autophagy by the pathway. Decreased transcriptional expression of this gene is associated with various tumors. This gene has a pseudogene on chromosome 4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DRAM2 | DNA-damage regulated autophagy modulator 2| |
| DPP7 | dipeptidyl-peptidase 7|The protein encoded by this gene is a post-proline cleaving aminopeptidase expressed in quiescent lymphocytes. The resting lymphocytes are maintained through suppression of apoptosis, a state which is disrupted by inhibition of this novel serine protease. The enzyme has strong sequence homology with prolylcarboxypeptidase and is active at both acidic and neutral pH. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PABPC1L | poly(A) binding protein, cytoplasmic 1-like| |
| CD81 | CD81 molecule|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins. This protein appears to promote muscle cell fusion and support myotube maintenance. Also it may be involved in signal transduction. This gene is localized in the tumor-suppressor gene region and thus it is a candidate gene for malignancies. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| CD80 | CD80 molecule|The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane receptor that is activated by the binding of CD28 or CTLA-4. The activated protein induces T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. This protein can act as a receptor for adenovirus subgroup B and may play a role in lupus neuropathy. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| CD83 | CD83 molecule|The protein encoded by this gene is a single-pass type I membrane protein and member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of receptors. The encoded protein may be involved in the regulation of antigen presentation. A soluble form of this protein can bind to dendritic cells and inhibit their maturation. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| CD82 | CD82 molecule|This metastasis suppressor gene product is a membrane glycoprotein that is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily. Expression of this gene has been shown to be downregulated in tumor progression of human cancers and can be activated by p53 through a consensus binding sequence in the promoter. Its expression and that of p53 are strongly correlated, and the loss of expression of these two proteins is associated with poor survival for prostate cancer patients. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD84 | CD84 molecule|This gene encodes a membrane glycoprotein that is a member of the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family. This family forms a subset of the larger CD2 cell-surface receptor Ig superfamily. The encoded protein is a homophilic adhesion molecule that is expressed in numerous immune cells types and is involved in regulating receptor-mediated signaling in those cells. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| IFNB1 | interferon, beta 1, fibroblast| |
| RPL13A | ribosomal protein L13a|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a member of the L13P family of ribosomal proteins that is a component of the 60S subunit. The encoded protein also plays a role in the repression of inflammatory genes as a component of the IFN-gamma-activated inhibitor of translation (GAIT) complex. This gene is co-transcribed with the small nucleolar RNA genes U32, U33, U34, and U35, which are located in the second, fourth, fifth, and sixth introns, respectively. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed throughout the genome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| BEAN1 | brain expressed, associated with NEDD4, 1|The protein encoded by this gene is one of several proteins that interact with NEDD4, a member of a family of ubiquitin-protein ligases. These proteins have PY motifs in common that bind to the WW domains of NEDD4. NEDD4 is developmentally regulated, and is highly expressed in embryonic tissues. Mutations in this gene (i.e., intronic insertions of >100 copies of pentanucleotide repeats including a (TGGAA)n sequence) are associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 31. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| SLC8A1 | solute carrier family 8 (sodium/calcium exchanger), member 1|In cardiac myocytes, Ca(2+) concentrations alternate between high levels during contraction and low levels during relaxation. The increase in Ca(2+) concentration during contraction is primarily due to release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores. However, some Ca(2+) also enters the cell through the sarcolemma (plasma membrane). During relaxation, Ca(2+) is sequestered within the intracellular stores. To prevent overloading of intracellular stores, the Ca(2+) that entered across the sarcolemma must be extruded from the cell. The Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger is the primary mechanism by which the Ca(2+) is extruded from the cell during relaxation. In the heart, the exchanger may play a key role in digitalis action. The exchanger is the dominant mechanism in returning the cardiac myocyte to its resting state following excitation.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| SLC8A3 | solute carrier family 8 (sodium/calcium exchanger), member 3|This gene encodes a member of the sodium/calcium exchanger integral membrane protein family. Na+/Ca2+ exchange proteins are involved in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis in a wide variety of cell types. The protein is regulated by intracellular calcium ions and is found in both the plasma membrane and intracellular organellar membranes, where exchange of Na+ for Ca2+ occurs in an electrogenic manner. Alternative splicing has been observed for this gene and multiple variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| SLC8A2 | solute carrier family 8 (sodium/calcium exchanger), member 2| |
| BCL7C | B-cell CLL/lymphoma 7C|This gene is identified by the similarity of its product to the N-terminal region of BCL7A protein. The BCL7A protein is encoded by the gene known to be directly involved in a three-way gene translocation in a Burkitt lymphoma cell line. The function of this gene has not yet been determined. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| AAR2 | AAR2 splicing factor homolog (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes the homolog of the yeast A1-alpha2 repressin protein that is involved in mRNA splicing. Alternately spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| BCL7A | B-cell CLL/lymphoma 7A|This gene is directly involved, with Myc and IgH, in a three-way gene translocation in a Burkitt lymphoma cell line. As a result of the gene translocation, the N-terminal region of the gene product is disrupted, which is thought to be related to the pathogenesis of a subset of high-grade B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The N-terminal segment involved in the translocation includes the region that shares a strong sequence similarity with those of BCL7B and BCL7C. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZBED1 | zinc finger, BED-type containing 1|This gene is located in the pseudoautosomal region 1 (PAR1) of X and Y chromosomes. It was earlier identified as a gene with similarity to Ac transposable elements, however, was found not to have transposase activity. Later studies show that this gene product is localized in the nucleus and functions as a transcription factor. It binds to DNA elements found in the promoter regions of several genes related to cell proliferation, such as histone H1, hence may have a role in regulating genes related to cell proliferation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants with different 5' untranslated region have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| ZBED2 | zinc finger, BED-type containing 2| |
| ZBED3 | zinc finger, BED-type containing 3| |
| BNIP3L | BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa interacting protein 3-like|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the pro-apoptotic subfamily within the Bcl-2 family of proteins. The encoded protein binds to Bcl-2 and possesses the BH3 domain. The protein directly targets mitochondria and causes apoptotic changes, including loss of membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| ZBED5 | zinc finger, BED-type containing 5|This gene is unusual in that its coding sequence is mostly derived from Charlie-like DNA transposon; however, it does not appear to be an active DNA transposon as it is not flanked by terminal inverted repeats. The encoded protein is conserved among the mammalian Laurasiatheria branch. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| SCP2 | sterol carrier protein 2|This gene encodes two proteins: sterol carrier protein X (SCPx) and sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2), as a result of transcription initiation from 2 independently regulated promoters. The transcript initiated from the proximal promoter encodes the longer SCPx protein, and the transcript initiated from the distal promoter encodes the shorter SCP2 protein, with the 2 proteins sharing a common C-terminus. Evidence suggests that the SCPx protein is a peroxisome-associated thiolase that is involved in the oxidation of branched chain fatty acids, while the SCP2 protein is thought to be an intracellular lipid transfer protein. This gene is highly expressed in organs involved in lipid metabolism, and may play a role in Zellweger syndrome, in which cells are deficient in peroxisomes and have impaired bile acid synthesis. Alternative splicing of this gene produces multiple transcript variants, some encoding different isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| EFNA5 | ephrin-A5|Ephrin-A5, a member of the ephrin gene family, prevents axon bundling in cocultures of cortical neurons with astrocytes, a model of late stage nervous system development and differentiation. The EPH and EPH-related receptors comprise the largest subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases and have been implicated in mediating developmental events, particularly in the nervous system. EPH receptors typically have a single kinase domain and an extracellular region containing a Cys-rich domain and 2 fibronectin type III repeats. The ephrin ligands and receptors have been named by the Eph Nomenclature Committee (1997). Based on their structures and sequence relationships, ephrins are divided into the ephrin-A (EFNA) class, which are anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, and the ephrin-B (EFNB) class, which are transmembrane proteins. The Eph family of receptors are similarly divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EFNA4 | ephrin-A4|This gene encodes a member of the ephrin (EPH) family. The ephrins and EPH-related receptors comprise the largest subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases and have been implicated in mediating developmental events, especially in the nervous system and in erythropoiesis. Based on their structures and sequence relationships, ephrins are divided into the ephrin-A (EFNA) class, which are anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, and the ephrin-B (EFNB) class, which are transmembrane proteins. This gene encodes an EFNA class ephrin. Three transcript variants that encode distinct proteins have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EFNA3 | ephrin-A3|This gene encodes a member of the ephrin (EPH) family. The ephrins and EPH-related receptors comprise the largest subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases and have been implicated in mediating developmental events, especially in the nervous system and in erythropoiesis. Based on their structures and sequence relationships, ephrins are divided into the ephrin-A (EFNA) class, which are anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, and the ephrin-B (EFNB) class, which are transmembrane proteins. This gene encodes an EFNA class ephrin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EFNA2 | ephrin-A2|This gene encodes a member of the ephrin family. The protein is composed of a signal sequence, a receptor-binding region, a spacer region, and a hydrophobic region. The EPH and EPH-related receptors comprise the largest subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases and have been implicated in mediating developmental events, particularly in the nervous system. Based on their structures and sequence relationships, ephrins are divided into the ephrin-A (EFNA) class, which are anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, and the ephrin-B (EFNB) class, which are transmembrane proteins. Posttranslational modifications determine whether this protein localizes to the nucleus or the cytoplasm. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EFNA1 | ephrin-A1|This gene encodes a member of the ephrin (EPH) family. The ephrins and EPH-related receptors comprise the largest subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases and have been implicated in mediating developmental events, especially in the nervous system and in erythropoiesis. Based on their structures and sequence relationships, ephrins are divided into the ephrin-A (EFNA) class, which are anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, and the ephrin-B (EFNB) class, which are transmembrane proteins. This gene encodes an EFNA class ephrin which binds to the EPHA2, EPHA4, EPHA5, EPHA6, and EPHA7 receptors. Two transcript variants that encode different isoforms were identified through sequence analysis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IL12B | interleukin 12B|This gene encodes a subunit of interleukin 12, a cytokine that acts on T and natural killer cells, and has a broad array of biological activities. Interleukin 12 is a disulfide-linked heterodimer composed of the 40 kD cytokine receptor like subunit encoded by this gene, and a 35 kD subunit encoded by IL12A. This cytokine is expressed by activated macrophages that serve as an essential inducer of Th1 cells development. This cytokine has been found to be important for sustaining a sufficient number of memory/effector Th1 cells to mediate long-term protection to an intracellular pathogen. Overexpression of this gene was observed in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting a role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of the disease. The promoter polymorphism of this gene has been reported to be associated with the severity of atopic and non-atopic asthma in children. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD8A | CD8a molecule|The CD8 antigen is a cell surface glycoprotein found on most cytotoxic T lymphocytes that mediates efficient cell-cell interactions within the immune system. The CD8 antigen acts as a coreceptor with the T-cell receptor on the T lymphocyte to recognize antigens displayed by an antigen presenting cell in the context of class I MHC molecules. The coreceptor functions as either a homodimer composed of two alpha chains or as a heterodimer composed of one alpha and one beta chain. Both alpha and beta chains share significant homology to immunoglobulin variable light chains. This gene encodes the CD8 alpha chain. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| CD8B | CD8b molecule|The CD8 antigen is a cell surface glycoprotein found on most cytotoxic T lymphocytes that mediates efficient cell-cell interactions within the immune system. The CD8 antigen, acting as a coreceptor, and the T-cell receptor on the T lymphocyte recognize antigens displayed by an antigen presenting cell (APC) in the context of class I MHC molecules. The functional coreceptor is either a homodimer composed of two alpha chains, or a heterodimer composed of one alpha and one beta chain. Both alpha and beta chains share significant homology to immunoglobulin variable light chains. This gene encodes the CD8 beta chain isoforms. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct membrane associated or secreted isoforms have been described. A pseudogene, also located on chromosome 2, has been identified. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| OSBP2 | oxysterol binding protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene contains a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and an oxysterol-binding region. It binds oxysterols such as 7-ketocholesterol and may inhibit their cytotoxicity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| LRP2 | low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene, low density lipoprotein-related protein 2 (LRP2) or megalin, is a multi-ligand endocytic receptor that is expressed in many different tissues but primarily in absorptive epithilial tissues such as the kidney. This glycoprotein has a large amino-terminal extracellular domain, a single transmembrane domain, and a short carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic tail. The extracellular ligand-binding-domains bind diverse macromolecules including albumin, apolipoproteins B and E, and lipoprotein lipase. The LRP2 protein is critical for the reuptake of numerous ligands, including lipoproteins, sterols, vitamin-binding proteins, and hormones. This protein also has a role in cell-signaling; extracellular ligands include parathyroid horomones and the morphogen sonic hedgehog while cytosolic ligands include MAP kinase scaffold proteins and JNK interacting proteins. Recycling of this membrane receptor is regulated by phosphorylation of its cytoplasmic domain. Mutations in this gene cause Donnai-Barrow syndrome (DBS) and facio-oculoacoustico-renal syndrome (FOAR).[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| LRP3 | low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 3| |
| GALNT14 | polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 14|This gene encodes a Golgi protein which is a member of the polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (ppGalNAc-Ts) protein family. These enzymes catalyze the transfer of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) to the hydroxyl groups on serines and threonines in target peptides. The encoded protein has been shown to transfer GalNAc to large proteins like mucins. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| LRP1 | low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene is an endocytic receptor involved in several cellular processes, including intracellular signaling, lipid homeostasis, and clearance of apoptotic cells. In addition, the encoded protein is necessary for the A2M-mediated clearance of secreted amyloid precursor protein and beta-amyloid, the main component of amyloid plaques found in Alzheimer patients. Expression of this gene decreases with age and has been found to be lower than controls in brain tissue from Alzheimer patients. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| LRP6 | low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6|This gene encodes a member of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene family. LDL receptors are transmembrane cell surface proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis of lipoprotein and protein ligands. The protein encoded by this gene functions as a receptor or, with Frizzled, a co-receptor for Wnt and thereby transmits the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling cascade. Through its interaction with the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling cascade this gene plays a role in the regulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and migration and the development of many cancer types. This protein undergoes gamma-secretase dependent RIP- (regulated intramembrane proteolysis) processing but the precise locations of the cleavage sites have not been determined.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| GALNT13 | polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 13|The GALNT13 protein is a member of the UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAcT; EC 2.4.1.41) family, which initiate O-linked glycosylation of mucins (see MUC3A, MIM 158371) by the initial transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) with an alpha-linkage to a serine or threonine residue.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| LRP4 | low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4|This gene encodes a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein family. The encoded protein may be a regulator of Wnt signaling. Mutations in this gene are associated with Cenani-Lenz syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| LRP5 | low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5|This gene encodes a transmembrane low-density lipoprotein receptor that binds and internalizes ligands in the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis. This protein also acts as a co-receptor with Frizzled protein family members for transducing signals by Wnt proteins and was originally cloned on the basis of its association with type 1 diabetes mellitus in humans. This protein plays a key role in skeletal homeostasis and many bone density related diseases are caused by mutations in this gene. Mutations in this gene also cause familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| CDS1 | CDP-diacylglycerol synthase (phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase) 1|Breakdown products of phosphoinositides are ubiquitous second messengers that function downstream of many G protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinases regulating cell growth, calcium metabolism, and protein kinase C activity. This gene encodes an enzyme which regulates the amount of phosphatidylinositol available for signaling by catalyzing the conversion of phosphatidic acid to CDP-diacylglycerol. This enzyme is an integral membrane protein localized to two subcellular domains, the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane where it is thought to be involved in the synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin and the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum where it functions in phosphatidylinositol biosynthesis. Two genes encoding this enzyme have been identified in humans, one mapping to human chromosome 4q21 and a second to 20p13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDS2 | CDP-diacylglycerol synthase (phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase) 2|Breakdown products of phosphoinositides are ubiquitous second messengers that function downstream of many G protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinases regulating cell growth, calcium metabolism, and protein kinase C activity. This gene encodes an enzyme which regulates the amount of phosphatidylinositol available for signaling by catalyzing the conversion of phosphatidic acid to CDP-diacylglycerol. This enzyme is an integral membrane protein localized to two subcellular domains, the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane where it is thought to be involved in the synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin and the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum where it functions in phosphatidylinositol biosynthesis. Two genes encoding this enzyme have been identified in humans, one mapping to human chromosome 4q21 and a second to 20p13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GALNT18 | polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 18| |
| HLA-DOA | major histocompatibility complex, class II, DO alpha|HLA-DOA belongs to the HLA class II alpha chain paralogues. HLA-DOA forms a heterodimer with HLA-DOB. The heterodimer, HLA-DO, is found in lysosomes in B cells and regulates HLA-DM-mediated peptide loading on MHC class II molecules. In comparison with classical HLA class II molecules, this gene exhibits very little sequence variation, especially at the protein level. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HLA-DOB | major histocompatibility complex, class II, DO beta|HLA-DOB belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DOA) and a beta chain (DOB), both anchored in the membrane. It is located in intracellular vesicles. DO suppresses peptide loading of MHC class II molecules by inhibiting HLA-DM. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The beta chain is approximately 26-28 kDa and its gene contains 6 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DDX24 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box helicase 24|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein, which shows little similarity to any of the other known human DEAD box proteins, but shows a high similarity to mouse Ddx24 at the amino acid level. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NFATC1 | nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 1|The product of this gene is a component of the nuclear factor of activated T cells DNA-binding transcription complex. This complex consists of at least two components: a preexisting cytosolic component that translocates to the nucleus upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, and an inducible nuclear component. Proteins belonging to this family of transcription factors play a central role in inducible gene transcription during immune response. The product of this gene is an inducible nuclear component. It functions as a major molecular target for the immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporin A. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. Different isoforms of this protein may regulate inducible expression of different cytokine genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| CALR3 | calreticulin 3|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the calreticulin family, members of which are calcium-binding chaperones localized mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum. This protein is also localized to the endoplasmic reticulum lumen, however, its capacity for calcium-binding may be absent or much lower than other family members. This gene is specifically expressed in the testis, and may be required for sperm fertility. Mutation in this gene has been associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| HARS2 | histidyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial|Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are a class of enzymes that charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme belonging to the class II family of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Functioning in the synthesis of histidyl-transfer RNA, the enzyme plays an accessory role in the regulation of protein biosynthesis. The gene is located in a head-to-head orientation with HARS on chromosome five, where the homologous genes likely share a bidirectional promoter. Mutations in this gene are associated with the pathogenesis of Perrault syndrome, which involves ovarian dysgenesis and sensorineural hearing loss. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| CLCC1 | chloride channel CLIC-like 1| |
| STIM2 | stromal interaction molecule 2|This gene is a member of the stromal interaction molecule (STIM) family and likely arose, along with related family member STIM1, from a common ancestral gene. The encoded protein functions to regulate calcium concentrations in the cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum, and is involved in the activation of plasma membrane Orai Ca(2+) entry channels. This gene initiates translation from a non-AUG (UUG) start site. A signal peptide is cleaved from the resulting protein. Multiple transcript variants result from alternative splicing. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| ANTXR1 | anthrax toxin receptor 1|This gene encodes a type I transmembrane protein and is a tumor-specific endothelial marker that has been implicated in colorectal cancer. The encoded protein has been shown to also be a docking protein or receptor for Bacillus anthracis toxin, the causative agent of the disease, anthrax. The binding of the protective antigen (PA) component, of the tripartite anthrax toxin, to this receptor protein mediates delivery of toxin components to the cytosol of cells. Once inside the cell, the other two components of anthrax toxin, edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF) disrupt normal cellular processes. Three alternatively spliced variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| ANTXR2 | anthrax toxin receptor 2|This gene encodes a receptor for anthrax toxin. The protein binds to collagen IV and laminin, suggesting that it may be involved in extracellular matrix adhesion. Mutations in this gene cause juvenile hyaline fibromatosis and infantile systemic hyalinosis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| LIMK2 | LIM domain kinase 2|There are approximately 40 known eukaryotic LIM proteins, so named for the LIM domains they contain. LIM domains are highly conserved cysteine-rich structures containing 2 zinc fingers. Although zinc fingers usually function by binding to DNA or RNA, the LIM motif probably mediates protein-protein interactions. LIM kinase-1 and LIM kinase-2 belong to a small subfamily with a unique combination of 2 N-terminal LIM motifs and a C-terminal protein kinase domain. The protein encoded by this gene is phosphorylated and activated by ROCK, a downstream effector of Rho, and the encoded protein, in turn, phosphorylates cofilin, inhibiting its actin-depolymerizing activity. It is thought that this pathway contributes to Rho-induced reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. At least three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIRREL | kin of IRRE like (Drosophila)|NEPH1 is a member of the nephrin-like protein family, which includes NEPH2 (MIM 607761) and NEPH3 (MIM 607762). The cytoplasmic domains of these proteins interact with the C terminus of podocin (NPHS2; MIM 604766), and the genes are expressed in kidney podocytes, cells involved in ensuring size- and charge-selective ultrafiltration (Sellin et al., 2003 [PubMed 12424224]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CCDC74A | coiled-coil domain containing 74A| |
| LIMK1 | LIM domain kinase 1|There are approximately 40 known eukaryotic LIM proteins, so named for the LIM domains they contain. LIM domains are highly conserved cysteine-rich structures containing 2 zinc fingers. Although zinc fingers usually function by binding to DNA or RNA, the LIM motif probably mediates protein-protein interactions. LIM kinase-1 and LIM kinase-2 belong to a small subfamily with a unique combination of 2 N-terminal LIM motifs and a C-terminal protein kinase domain. LIMK1 is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates actin polymerization via phosphorylation and inactivation of the actin binding factor cofilin. This protein is ubiquitously expressed during development and plays a role in many cellular processes associated with cytoskeletal structure. This protein also stimulates axon growth and may play a role in brain development. LIMK1 hemizygosity is implicated in the impaired visuospatial constructive cognition of Williams syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| S100P | S100 calcium binding protein P|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21; however, this gene is located at 4p16. This protein, in addition to binding Ca2+, also binds Zn2+ and Mg2+. This protein may play a role in the etiology of prostate cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DNER | delta/notch-like EGF repeat containing| |
| MAP2 | microtubule-associated protein 2|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the microtubule-associated protein family. The proteins of this family are thought to be involved in microtubule assembly, which is an essential step in neurogenesis. The products of similar genes in rat and mouse are neuron-specific cytoskeletal proteins that are enriched in dentrites, implicating a role in determining and stabilizing dentritic shape during neuron development. A number of alternatively spliced variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| UGT1A4 | UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A4|This gene encodes a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, an enzyme of the glucuronidation pathway that transforms small lipophilic molecules, such as steroids, bilirubin, hormones, and drugs, into water-soluble, excretable metabolites. This gene is part of a complex locus that encodes several UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. The locus includes thirteen unique alternate first exons followed by four common exons. Four of the alternate first exons are considered pseudogenes. Each of the remaining nine 5' exons may be spliced to the four common exons, resulting in nine proteins with different N-termini and identical C-termini. Each first exon encodes the substrate binding site, and is regulated by its own promoter. This enzyme has some glucuronidase activity towards bilirubin, although is is more active on amines, steroids, and sapogenins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C8B | complement component 8, beta polypeptide|This gene encodes one of the three subunits of the complement component 8 (C8) protein. C8 is composed of equimolar amounts of alpha, beta and gamma subunits, which are encoded by three separate genes. C8 is one component of the membrane attack complex, which mediates cell lysis, and it initiates membrane penetration of the complex. This protein mediates the interaction of C8 with the C5b-7 membrane attack complex precursor. In humans deficiency of this protein is associated with increased risk of meningococcal infections. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| CDKN2A | cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A|This gene generates several transcript variants which differ in their first exons. At least three alternatively spliced variants encoding distinct proteins have been reported, two of which encode structurally related isoforms known to function as inhibitors of CDK4 kinase. The remaining transcript includes an alternate first exon located 20 Kb upstream of the remainder of the gene; this transcript contains an alternate open reading frame (ARF) that specifies a protein which is structurally unrelated to the products of the other variants. This ARF product functions as a stabilizer of the tumor suppressor protein p53 as it can interact with, and sequester, the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MDM2, a protein responsible for the degradation of p53. In spite of the structural and functional differences, the CDK inhibitor isoforms and the ARF product encoded by this gene, through the regulatory roles of CDK4 and p53 in cell cycle G1 progression, share a common functionality in cell cycle G1 control. This gene is frequently mutated or deleted in a wide variety of tumors, and is known to be an important tumor suppressor gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012] |
| MAP6 | microtubule-associated protein 6|This gene encodes a microtubule-associated protein. The encoded protein is a calmodulin-binding and calmodulin-regulated protein that is involved in microtubule stabilization. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAP7 | microtubule-associated protein 7|The product of this gene is a microtubule-associated protein that is predominantly expressed in cells of epithelial origin. Microtubule-associated proteins are thought to be involved in microtubule dynamics, which is essential for cell polarization and differentiation. This protein has been shown to be able to stabilize microtubules, and may serve to modulate microtubule functions. Studies of the related mouse protein also suggested an essential role in microtubule function required for spermatogenesis. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| MAP4 | microtubule-associated protein 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a major non-neuronal microtubule-associated protein. This protein contains a domain similar to the microtubule-binding domains of neuronal microtubule-associated protein (MAP2) and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT/TAU). This protein promotes microtubule assembly, and has been shown to counteract destabilization of interphase microtubule catastrophe promotion. Cyclin B was found to interact with this protein, which targets cell division cycle 2 (CDC2) kinase to microtubules. The phosphorylation of this protein affects microtubule properties and cell cycle progression. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| C8G | complement component 8, gamma polypeptide|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the lipocalin family. It is one of the three subunits that constitutes complement component 8 (C8), which is composed of a disulfide-linked C8 alpha-gamma heterodimer and a non-covalently associated C8 beta chain. C8 participates in the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) on bacterial cell membranes. While subunits alpha and beta play a role in complement-mediated bacterial killing, the gamma subunit is not required for the bactericidal activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| TEAD3 | TEA domain family member 3|This gene product is a member of the transcriptional enhancer factor (TEF) family of transcription factors, which contain the TEA/ATTS DNA-binding domain. It is predominantly expressed in the placenta and is involved in the transactivation of the chorionic somatomammotropin-B gene enhancer. Translation of this protein is initiated at a non-AUG (AUA) start codon. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TEAD2 | TEA domain family member 2| |
| S100G | S100 calcium binding protein G|This gene encodes calbindin D9K, a vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein. This cytosolic protein belongs to a family of calcium-binding proteins that includes calmodulin, parvalbumin, troponin C, and S100 protein. In the intestine, the protein is vitamin D-dependent and its expression correlates with calcium transport activity. The protein may increase Ca2+ absorption by buffering Ca2+ in the cytoplasm and increase ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport in duodenal basolateral membrane vesicles. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CAMLG | calcium modulating ligand|The immunosuppressant drug cyclosporin A blocks a calcium-dependent signal from the T-cell receptor (TCR) that normally leads to T-cell activation. When bound to cyclophilin B, cyclosporin A binds and inactivates the key signaling intermediate calcineurin. The protein encoded by this gene functions similarly to cyclosporin A, binding to cyclophilin B and acting downstream of the TCR and upstream of calcineurin by causing an influx of calcium. This integral membrane protein appears to be a new participant in the calcium signal transduction pathway, implicating cyclophilin B in calcium signaling, even in the absence of cyclosporin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TEAD4 | TEA domain family member 4|This gene product is a member of the transcriptional enhancer factor (TEF) family of transcription factors, which contain the TEA/ATTS DNA-binding domain. It is preferentially expressed in the skeletal muscle, and binds to the M-CAT regulatory element found in promoters of muscle-specific genes to direct their gene expression. Alternatively spliced transcripts encoding distinct isoforms, some of which are translated through the use of a non-AUG (UUG) initiation codon, have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PTPN22 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 (lymphoid)|This gene encodes of member of the non-receptor class 4 subfamily of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. The encoded protein is a lymphoid-specific intracellular phosphatase that associates with the molecular adapter protein CBL and may be involved in regulating CBL function in the T-cell receptor signaling pathway. Mutations in this gene may be associated with a range of autoimmune disorders including Type 1 Diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and Graves' disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| PTPN23 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 23| |
| PTPN21 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 21|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains an N-terminal domain, similar to cytoskeletal- associated proteins including band 4.1, ezrin, merlin, and radixin. This PTP was shown to specially interact with BMX/ETK, a member of Tec tyrosine kinase family characterized by a multimodular structures including PH, SH3, and SH2 domains. The interaction of this PTP with BMX kinase was found to increase the activation of STAT3, but not STAT2 kinase. Studies of the similar gene in mice suggested the possible roles of this PTP in liver regeneration and spermatogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLEKHF1 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family F (with FYVE domain) member 1| |
| WFS1 | Wolfram syndrome 1 (wolframin)|This gene encodes a transmembrane protein, which is located primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum and ubiquitously expressed with highest levels in brain, pancreas, heart, and insulinoma beta-cell lines. Mutations in this gene are associated with Wolfram syndrome, also called DIDMOAD (Diabetes Insipidus, Diabetes Mellitus, Optic Atrophy, and Deafness), an autosomal recessive disorder. The disease affects the brain and central nervous system. Mutations in this gene can also cause autosomal dominant deafness 6 (DFNA6), also known as DFNA14 or DFNA38. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| PLEKHF2 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family F (with FYVE domain) member 2| |
| BRI3 | brain protein I3| |
| BARD1 | BRCA1 associated RING domain 1|This gene encodes a protein which interacts with the N-terminal region of BRCA1. In addition to its ability to bind BRCA1 in vivo and in vitro, it shares homology with the 2 most conserved regions of BRCA1: the N-terminal RING motif and the C-terminal BRCT domain. The RING motif is a cysteine-rich sequence found in a variety of proteins that regulate cell growth, including the products of tumor suppressor genes and dominant protooncogenes. This protein also contains 3 tandem ankyrin repeats. The BARD1/BRCA1 interaction is disrupted by tumorigenic amino acid substitutions in BRCA1, implying that the formation of a stable complex between these proteins may be an essential aspect of BRCA1 tumor suppression. This protein may be the target of oncogenic mutations in breast or ovarian cancer. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| PPL | periplakin|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of desmosomes and of the epidermal cornified envelope in keratinocytes. The N-terminal domain of this protein interacts with the plasma membrane and its C-terminus interacts with intermediate filaments. Through its rod domain, this protein forms complexes with envoplakin. This protein may serve as a link between the cornified envelope and desmosomes as well as intermediate filaments. AKT1/PKB, a protein kinase mediating a variety of cell growth and survival signaling processes, is reported to interact with this protein, suggesting a possible role for this protein as a localization signal in AKT1-mediated signaling. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| APEX1 | APEX nuclease (multifunctional DNA repair enzyme) 1|Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites occur frequently in DNA molecules by spontaneous hydrolysis, by DNA damaging agents or by DNA glycosylases that remove specific abnormal bases. AP sites are pre-mutagenic lesions that can prevent normal DNA replication so the cell contains systems to identify and repair such sites. Class II AP endonucleases cleave the phosphodiester backbone 5' to the AP site. This gene encodes the major AP endonuclease in human cells. Splice variants have been found for this gene; all encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| APEX2 | APEX nuclease (apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease) 2|Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites occur frequently in DNA molecules by spontaneous hydrolysis, by DNA damaging agents or by DNA glycosylases that remove specific abnormal bases. AP sites are pre-mutagenic lesions that can prevent normal DNA replication so the cell contains systems to identify and repair such sites. Class II AP endonucleases cleave the phosphodiester backbone 5' to the AP site. This gene encodes a protein shown to have a weak class II AP endonuclease activity. Most of the encoded protein is located in the nucleus but some is also present in mitochondria. This protein may play an important role in both nuclear and mitochondrial base excision repair. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| NFATC3 | nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 3|The product of this gene is a member of the nuclear factors of activated T cells DNA-binding transcription complex. This complex consists of at least two components: a preexisting cytosolic component that translocates to the nucleus upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation and an inducible nuclear component. Other members of this family participate to form this complex also. The product of this gene plays a role in the regulation of gene expression in T cells and immature thymocytes. Several transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| HLA-DRB3 | major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 3|HLA-DRB3 belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DRA) and a beta (DRB) chain, both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The beta chain is approximately 26-28 kDa and its gene contains 6 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail. Within the DR molecule the beta chain contains all the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities. Typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow and kidney transplantation. DRB1 is expressed at a level five times higher than its paralogues DRB3, DRB4 and DRB5. The presence of DRB3 is linked with allelic variants of DRB1, otherwise it is omitted. There are 4 related pseudogenes: DRB2, DRB6, DRB7, DRB8 and DRB9. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SERPINI1 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade I (neuroserpin), member 1|This gene encodes a member of the serpin superfamily of serine proteinase inhibitors. The protein is primarily secreted by axons in the brain, and preferentially reacts with and inhibits tissue-type plasminogen activator. It is thought to play a role in the regulation of axonal growth and the development of synaptic plasticity. Mutations in this gene result in familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies (FENIB), which is a dominantly inherited form of familial encephalopathy and epilepsy characterized by the accumulation of mutant neuroserpin polymers. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPY | pancreatic polypeptide|This gene belongs to the NPY family and it encodes a protein that is synthesized as a 95 aa polypeptide precursor in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. It is cleaved into two peptide products; the active hormone of 36 aa and an icosapeptide of unknown function. The hormone acts as a regulator of pancreatic and gastrointestinal functions and may be important in the regulation of food intake. Plasma level of this hormone has been shown to be reduced in conditions associated with increased food intake and elevated in anorexia nervosa. In addition, infusion of this hormone in obese rodents has shown to decrease weight gain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UGT1A3 | UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A3|This gene encodes a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, an enzyme of the glucuronidation pathway that transforms small lipophilic molecules, such as steroids, bilirubin, hormones, and drugs, into water-soluble, excretable metabolites. This gene is part of a complex locus that encodes several UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. The locus includes thirteen unique alternate first exons followed by four common exons. Four of the alternate first exons are considered pseudogenes. Each of the remaining nine 5' exons may be spliced to the four common exons, resulting in nine proteins with different N-termini and identical C-termini. Each first exon encodes the substrate binding site, and is regulated by its own promoter. Substrates of this enzyme include estrone, 2-hydroxyestrone, and metabolites of benzo alpha-pyrene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPOCD1 | SPOC domain containing 1|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the TFIIS family of transcription factors. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| FANK1 | fibronectin type III and ankyrin repeat domains 1| |
| KMT2C | lysine (K)-specific methyltransferase 2C|This gene is a member of the myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) family and encodes a nuclear protein with an AT hook DNA-binding domain, a DHHC-type zinc finger, six PHD-type zinc fingers, a SET domain, a post-SET domain and a RING-type zinc finger. This protein is a member of the ASC-2/NCOA6 complex (ASCOM), which possesses histone methylation activity and is involved in transcriptional coactivation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KMT2B | lysine (K)-specific methyltransferase 2B|This gene encodes a protein which contains multiple domains including a CXXC zinc finger, three PHD zinc fingers, two FY-rich domains, and a SET (suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste, and trithorax) domain. The SET domain is a conserved C-terminal domain that characterizes proteins of the MLL (mixed-lineage leukemia) family. This gene is ubiquitously expressed in adult tissues. It is also amplified in solid tumor cell lines, and may be involved in human cancer. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported for this gene, however, the full length nature of the shorter transcript is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KMT2A | lysine (K)-specific methyltransferase 2A|This gene encodes a transcriptional coactivator that plays an essential role in regulating gene expression during early development and hematopoiesis. The encoded protein contains multiple conserved functional domains. One of these domains, the SET domain, is responsible for its histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase activity which mediates chromatin modifications associated with epigenetic transcriptional activation. This protein is processed by the enzyme Taspase 1 into two fragments, MLL-C and MLL-N. These fragments reassociate and further assemble into different multiprotein complexes that regulate the transcription of specific target genes, including many of the HOX genes. Multiple chromosomal translocations involving this gene are the cause of certain acute lymphoid leukemias and acute myeloid leukemias. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| ESRRA | estrogen-related receptor alpha|The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear receptor that is closely related to the estrogen receptor. This protein acts as a site-specific transcription regulator and has been also shown to interact with estrogen and the transcripton factor TFIIB by direct protein-protein contact. The binding and regulatory activities of this protein have been demonstrated in the regulation of a variety of genes including lactoferrin, osteopontin, medium-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) and thyroid hormone receptor genes. A processed pseudogene of ESRRA is located on chromosome 13q12.1. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| KMT2E | lysine (K)-specific methyltransferase 2E|This gene is a member of the myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) family and encodes a protein with an N-terminal PHD zinc finger and a central SET domain. Overexpression of the protein inhibits cell cycle progression. Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ESRRB | estrogen-related receptor beta|This gene encodes a protein with similarity to the estrogen receptor. Its function is unknown; however, a similar protein in mouse plays an essential role in placental development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CLDN23 | claudin 23|This gene encodes a member of the claudin family. Claudins are integral membrane proteins and components of tight junction strands. Tight junction strands serve as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space between epithelial or endothelial cell sheets, and also play critical roles in maintaining cell polarity and signal transductions. This gene is expressed in germinal center B-cells, placenta and stomach as well as in colon tumor. This gene is down-regulated in intestinal type gastric cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| MRPL19 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L19|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CLDN20 | claudin 20|This gene encodes a member of the claudin family. Claudins are integral membrane proteins and components of tight junction strands. Tight junction strands serve as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space between epithelial or endothelial cell sheets, and also play critical roles in maintaining cell polarity and signal transductions. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| PSMC3IP | PSMC3 interacting protein|This gene encodes a protein that functions in meiotic recombination. It is a subunit of the PSMC3IP/MND1 complex, which interacts with PSMC3/TBP1 to stimulate DMC1- and RAD51-mediated strand exchange during meiosis. The protein encoded by this gene can also co-activate ligand-driven transcription mediated by estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, progesterone, and thyroid nuclear receptors. Mutations in this gene cause XX female gonadal dysgenesis. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| CLEC11A | C-type lectin domain family 11, member A|This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin superfamily. The encoded protein is a secreted sulfated glycoprotein and functions as a growth factor for primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells. An alternative splice variant has been described but its biological nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MTPN | myotrophin|The transcript produced from this gene is bi-cistronic and can encode both myotrophin and leucine zipper protein 6. The myotrophin protein is associated with cardiac hypertrophy, where it is involved in the conversion of NFkappa B p50-p65 heterodimers to p50-p50 and p65-p65 homodimers. This protein also has a potential function in cerebellar morphogenesis, and it may be involved in the differentiation of cerebellar neurons, particularly of granule cells. A cryptic ORF at the 3' end of this transcript uses a novel internal ribosome entry site and a non-AUG translation initiation codon to produce leucine zipper protein 6, a 6.4 kDa tumor antigen that is associated with myeloproliferative disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SRP54 | signal recognition particle 54kDa| |
| TTBK1 | tau tubulin kinase 1| |
| EPHA10 | EPH receptor A10|Ephrin receptors, the largest subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), and their ephrin ligands are important mediators of cell-cell communication regulating cell attachment, shape, and mobility in neuronal and epithelial cells (Aasheim et al., 2005 [PubMed 15777695]). See MIM 179610 for additional background on Eph receptors and ephrins.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SPICE1 | spindle and centriole associated protein 1| |
| NVL | nuclear VCP-like|This gene encodes a member of the AAA (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) superfamily. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Two encoded proteins, described as major and minor isoforms, have been localized to distinct regions of the nucleus. The largest encoded protein (major isoform) has been localized to the nucleolus and shown to participate in ribosome biosynthesis (PMID: 15469983, 16782053), while the minor isoform has been localized to the nucleoplasmin. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| ZNF718 | zinc finger protein 718| |
| ZNF714 | zinc finger protein 714| |
| THG1L | tRNA-histidine guanylyltransferase 1-like (S. cerevisiae)| |
| ZNF716 | zinc finger protein 716| |
| ZNF865 | zinc finger protein 865| |
| ZNF862 | zinc finger protein 862| |
| ZNF711 | zinc finger protein 711|This gene encodes a zinc finger protein of unknown function. It bears similarity to a zinc finger protein which acts as a transcriptional activator. This gene lies in a region of the X chromosome which has been associated with mental retardation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF860 | zinc finger protein 860| |
| ZNF713 | zinc finger protein 713|The protein encoded by this gene contains C2H2 zinc finger domains. In some individuals a CGG-repeat expansion mutation has been identified in the first intron of this gene. This mutation is thought to effect the expression of this gene and it has been proposed that it may be associated with Autistic Spectrum Disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| NFAM1 | NFAT activating protein with ITAM motif 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane receptor that activates cytokine gene promoters such as the IL-13 and TNF-alpha promoters. The encoded protein contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) and is thought to regulate the signaling and development of B-cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| YY1AP1 | YY1 associated protein 1|The encoded gene product presumably interacts with YY1 protein; however, its exact function is not known. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TOM1L2 | target of myb1-like 2 (chicken)| |
| TOM1L1 | target of myb1 (chicken)-like 1| |
| GUK1 | guanylate kinase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to guanosine monophosphate (GMP) to form guanosine diphosphate (GDP). The encoded protein is thought to be a good target for cancer chemotherapy. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| RSPO4 | R-spondin 4|This gene encodes a member of the R-spondin family of proteins that share a common domain organization consisting of a signal peptide, cysteine-rich/furin-like domain, thrombospondin domain and a C-terminal basic region. The encoded protein may be involved in activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways. Mutations in this gene are associated with anonychia congenital. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| CNTNAP2 | contactin associated protein-like 2|This gene encodes a member of the neurexin family which functions in the vertebrate nervous system as cell adhesion molecules and receptors. This protein, like other neurexin proteins, contains epidermal growth factor repeats and laminin G domains. In addition, it includes an F5/8 type C domain, discoidin/neuropilin- and fibrinogen-like domains, thrombospondin N-terminal-like domains and a putative PDZ binding site. This protein is localized at the juxtaparanodes of myelinated axons, and mediates interactions between neurons and glia during nervous system development and is also involved in localization of potassium channels within differentiating axons. This gene encompasses almost 1.5% of chromosome 7 and is one of the largest genes in the human genome. It is directly bound and regulated by forkhead box protein P2 (FOXP2), a transcription factor related to speech and language development. This gene has been implicated in multiple neurodevelopmental disorders, including Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, schizophrenia, epilepsy, autism, ADHD and mental retardation.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| HLA-DQA1 | major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1|HLA-DQA1 belongs to the HLA class II alpha chain paralogues. The class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DQA) and a beta chain (DQB), both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B Lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The alpha chain is approximately 33-35 kDa. It is encoded by 5 exons; exon 1 encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, and exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic tail. Within the DQ molecule both the alpha chain and the beta chain contain the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities, resulting in up to four different molecules. Typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow transplantation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HLA-DQA2 | major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 2|This gene belongs to the HLA class II alpha chain family. The encoded protein forms a heterodimer with a class II beta chain. It is located in intracellular vesicles and plays a central role in the peptide loading of MHC class II molecules by helping to release the CLIP molecule from the peptide binding site. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages) and are used to present antigenic peptides on the cell surface to be recognized by CD4 T-cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| ZNF512B | zinc finger protein 512B| |
| ASB10 | ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 10|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing (ASB) family of proteins. The SOCS box serves to couple suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins and their binding partners with the elongin B and C complex, possibly targeting them for degradation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| ASB11 | ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 11, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing (ASB) family of proteins. They contain ankyrin repeat sequence and SOCS box domain. The SOCS box serves to couple suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins and their binding partners with the elongin B and C complex, possibly targeting them for degradation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| GSS | glutathione synthetase|Glutathione is important for a variety of biological functions, including protection of cells from oxidative damage by free radicals, detoxification of xenobiotics, and membrane transport. The protein encoded by this gene functions as a homodimer to catalyze the second step of glutathione biosynthesis, which is the ATP-dependent conversion of gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine to glutathione. Defects in this gene are a cause of glutathione synthetase deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ASB13 | ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 13|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing (ASB) family of proteins. They contain ankyrin repeat sequence and a SOCS box domain. The SOCS box serves to couple suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins and their binding partners with the elongin B and C complex, possibly targeting them for degradation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants, both protein-coding and not protein-coding, have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| ASB14 | ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 14|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing (ASB) family of proteins. They contain ankyrin repeat sequence and a SOCS box domain. The SOCS box serves to couple suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins and their binding partners with the elongin B and C complex, possibly targeting them for degradation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| ASB15 | ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 15|This gene encodes a member of the suppressor of cytokine signaling box superfamily. The proteins in this superfamily participate in the ubiquitin-proteasome system for the degradation of proteins in the cell cycle and signal transduction pathways. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| ASB16 | ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 16|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing (ASB) family of proteins. They contain ankyrin repeat sequence and a SOCS box domain. The SOCS box serves to couple suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins and their binding partners with the elongin B and C complex, possibly targeting them for degradation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ASB17 | ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 17| |
| ASB18 | ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 18| |
| CCDC155 | coiled-coil domain containing 155| |
| C14orf28 | chromosome 14 open reading frame 28| |
| DHCR7 | 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase|This gene encodes an enzyme that removes the C(7-8) double bond in the B ring of sterols and catalyzes the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol. This gene is ubiquitously expressed and its transmembrane protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and nuclear outer membrane. Mutations in this gene cause Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS); a syndrome that is metabolically characterized by reduced serum cholesterol levels and elevated serum 7-dehydrocholesterol levels and phenotypically characterized by mental retardation, facial dysmorphism, syndactyly of second and third toes, and holoprosencephaly in severe cases to minimal physical abnormalities and near-normal intelligence in mild cases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| CASP10 | caspase 10, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase|This gene encodes a protein which is a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes which undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. This protein cleaves and activates caspases 3 and 7, and the protein itself is processed by caspase 8. Mutations in this gene are associated with type IIA autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and gastric cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011] |
| RAB3IL1 | RAB3A interacting protein (rabin3)-like 1|This gene encodes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the ras-related protein Rab3A. The encoded protein binds Rab3a and the inositol hexakisphosphate kinase InsP6K1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 7. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| CASP12 | caspase 12 (gene/pseudogene)|Caspases are cysteine proteases that cleave C-terminal aspartic acid residues on their substrate molecules. This gene is most highly related to members of the ICE subfamily of caspases that process inflammatory cytokines. In rodents, the homolog of this gene mediates apoptosis in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, in humans this gene contains a polymorphism for the presence or absence of a premature stop codon. The majority of human individuals have the premature stop codon and produce a truncated non-functional protein. The read-through codon occurs primarily in individuals of African descent and carriers have endotoxin hypo-responsiveness and an increased susceptibility to severe sepsis. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| AFG3L2 | AFG3-like AAA ATPase 2|This gene encodes a protein localized in mitochondria and closely related to paraplegin. The paraplegin gene is responsible for an autosomal recessive form of hereditary spastic paraplegia. This gene is a candidate gene for other hereditary spastic paraplegias or neurodegenerative disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CASP14 | caspase 14, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase|This gene encodes a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes which undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. This caspase has been shown to be processed and activated by caspase 8 and caspase 10 in vitro, and by anti-Fas agonist antibody or TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand in vivo. The expression and processing of this caspase may be involved in keratinocyte terminal differentiation, which is important for the formation of the skin barrier. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PSMB7 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, beta type, 7|The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered ring-shaped 20S core structure. The core structure is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. The encoded protein is a member of the proteasome B-type family, also known as the T1B family, and is a 20S core beta subunit in the proteasome. Expression of this catalytic subunit is downregulated by gamma interferon, and proteolytic processing is required to generate a mature subunit. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 14. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| TATDN2 | TatD DNase domain containing 2| |
| TROVE2 | TROVE domain family, member 2| |
| GSN | gelsolin|The protein encoded by this gene binds to the "plus" ends of actin monomers and filaments to prevent monomer exchange. The encoded calcium-regulated protein functions in both assembly and disassembly of actin filaments. Defects in this gene are a cause of familial amyloidosis Finnish type (FAF). Multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GABRB3 | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, beta 3|This gene encodes a member of the ligand-gated ionic channel family. The encoded protein is one the subunits of a multi-subunit chloride channel that serves as the receptor for gamma-aminobutyric acid, a major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the mammalian nervous system. This gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 15 in a cluster with two other genes encoding related subunits of the family. This gene may be associated with the pathogenesis of several disorders including Angelman syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, nonsyndromic orofacial clefts, epilepsy and autism. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| EARS2 | glutamyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial|This gene encodes a member of the class I family of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. These enzymes play a critical role in protein biosynthesis by charging tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. This protein is encoded by the nuclear genome but is likely to be imported to the mitochondrion where it is thought to catalyze the ligation of glutamate to tRNA molecules. Mutations in this gene have been associated with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 12 (COXPD12). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015] |
| AVIL | advillin|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the gelsolin/villin family of actin regulatory proteins. This protein has structural similarity to villin. It binds actin and may play a role in the development of neuronal cells that form ganglia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TCHHL1 | trichohyalin-like 1|This gene belongs to the S100 fused-type protein (SFTP) gene family, and is located in a cluster of SFTP genes on chromosome 1q21. Several members of this family have been implicated in the development of complex skin disorders. This gene is evolutionarily conserved; its expression appears to be hair-specific and spatially restricted within the distal inner root sheath of the hair follicle. It thus may have an important role in hair morphogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| ZFP1 | ZFP1 zinc finger protein| |
| ZFP2 | ZFP2 zinc finger protein| |
| SPACA5B | sperm acrosome associated 5B| |
| KIAA0825 | KIAA0825| |
| MPST | mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase|This protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the transfer of a sulfur ion from 3-mercaptopyruvate to cyanide or other thiol compounds. It may be involved in cysteine degradation and cyanide detoxification. There is confusion in literature between this protein (mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, MPST), which appears to be cytoplasmic, and thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (rhodanese, TST, GeneID:7263), which is a mitochondrial protein. Deficiency in MPST activity has been implicated in a rare inheritable disorder known as mercaptolactate-cysteine disulfiduria (MCDU). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding same or different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MYCBP2 | MYC binding protein 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase| |
| SERPINB8 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 8|The superfamily of high molecular weight serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins) regulate a diverse set of intracellular and extracellular processes such as complement activation, fibrinolysis, coagulation, cellular differentiation, tumor suppression, apoptosis, and cell migration. Serpins are characterized by well-conserved a tertiary structure that consists of 3 beta sheets and 8 or 9 alpha helices (Huber and Carrell, 1989 [PubMed 2690952]). A critical portion of the molecule, the reactive center loop connects beta sheets A and C. Protease inhibitor-8 (PI8; SERPINB8) is a member of the ov-serpin subfamily, which, relative to the archetypal serpin PI1 (MIM 107400), is characterized by a high degree of homology to chicken ovalbumin, lack of N- and C-terminal extensions, absence of a signal peptide, and a serine rather than an asparagine residue at the penultimate position (summary by Bartuski et al., 1997 [PubMed 9268635]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2010] |
| PTBP3 | polypyrimidine tract binding protein 3|The protein encoded by this gene binds RNA and is a regulator of cell differentiation. The encoded protein preferentially binds to poly(G) and poly(U) sequences in vitro. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| PTBP2 | polypyrimidine tract binding protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene binds to intronic polypyrimidine clusters in pre-mRNA molecules and is implicated in controlling the assembly of other splicing-regulatory proteins. This protein is very similar to the polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) but most of its isoforms are expressed primarily in the brain. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| PTBP1 | polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1|This gene belongs to the subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA-binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene has four repeats of quasi-RNA recognition motif (RRM) domains that bind RNAs. This protein binds to the intronic polypyrimidine tracts that requires pre-mRNA splicing and acts via the protein degradation ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It may also promote the binding of U2 snRNP to pre-mRNAs. This protein is localized in the nucleoplasm and it is also detected in the perinucleolar structure. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NNT | nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase|This gene encodes an integral protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane. The enzyme couples hydride transfer between NAD(H) and NADP(+) to proton translocation across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Under most physiological conditions, the enzyme uses energy from the mitochondrial proton gradient to produce high concentrations of NADPH. The resulting NADPH is used for biosynthesis and in free radical detoxification. Two alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM19A4 | family with sequence similarity 19 (chemokine (C-C motif)-like), member A4|This gene is a member of the TAFA family which is composed of five highly homologous genes that encode small secreted proteins. These proteins contain conserved cysteine residues at fixed positions, and are distantly related to MIP-1alpha, a member of the CC-chemokine family. The TAFA proteins are predominantly expressed in specific regions of the brain, and are postulated to function as brain-specific chemokines or neurokines, that act as regulators of immune and nervous cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| SYT9 | synaptotagmin IX| |
| HK2 | hexokinase 2|Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate, the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways. This gene encodes hexokinase 2, the predominant form found in skeletal muscle. It localizes to the outer membrane of mitochondria. Expression of this gene is insulin-responsive, and studies in rat suggest that it is involved in the increased rate of glycolysis seen in rapidly growing cancer cells. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| HK3 | hexokinase 3 (white cell)|Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate, the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways. This gene encodes hexokinase 3. Similar to hexokinases 1 and 2, this allosteric enzyme is inhibited by its product glucose-6-phosphate. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| HK1 | hexokinase 1|Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate, the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways. This gene encodes a ubiquitous form of hexokinase which localizes to the outer membrane of mitochondria. Mutations in this gene have been associated with hemolytic anemia due to hexokinase deficiency. Alternative splicing of this gene results in five transcript variants which encode different isoforms, some of which are tissue-specific. Each isoform has a distinct N-terminus; the remainder of the protein is identical among all the isoforms. A sixth transcript variant has been described, but due to the presence of several stop codons, it is not thought to encode a protein. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| EMID1 | EMI domain containing 1| |
| ATP2B1 | ATPase, Ca++ transporting, plasma membrane 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type primary ion transport ATPases characterized by the formation of an aspartyl phosphate intermediate during the reaction cycle. These enzymes remove bivalent calcium ions from eukaryotic cells against very large concentration gradients and play a critical role in intracellular calcium homeostasis. The mammalian plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoforms are encoded by at least four separate genes and the diversity of these enzymes is further increased by alternative splicing of transcripts. The expression of different isoforms and splice variants is regulated in a developmental, tissue- and cell type-specific manner, suggesting that these pumps are functionally adapted to the physiological needs of particular cells and tissues. This gene encodes the plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 1. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CACNA2D3 | calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha 2/delta subunit 3|This gene encodes a member of the alpha-2/delta subunit family, a protein in the voltage-dependent calcium channel complex. Calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium ions into the cell upon membrane polarization and consist of a complex of alpha-1, alpha-2/delta, beta, and gamma subunits in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. Various versions of each of these subunits exist, either expressed from similar genes or the result of alternative splicing. Research on a highly similar protein in rabbit suggests the protein described in this record is cleaved into alpha-2 and delta subunits. Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene have been observed but have not been thoroughly characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATP2B3 | ATPase, Ca++ transporting, plasma membrane 3|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type primary ion transport ATPases characterized by the formation of an aspartyl phosphate intermediate during the reaction cycle. These enzymes remove bivalent calcium ions from eukaryotic cells against very large concentration gradients and play a critical role in intracellular calcium homeostasis. The mammalian plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoforms are encoded by at least four separate genes and the diversity of these enzymes is further increased by alternative splicing of transcripts. The expression of different isoforms and splice variants is regulated in a developmental, tissue- and cell type-specific manner, suggesting that these pumps are functionally adapted to the physiological needs of particular cells and tissues. This gene encodes the plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 3. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CACNA2D1 | calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha 2/delta subunit 1|The preproprotein encoded by this gene is cleaved into multiple chains that comprise the alpha-2 and delta subunits of the voltage-dependent calcium channel complex. Calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium ions into the cell upon membrane polarization. Mutations in this gene can cause cardiac deficiencies, including Brugada syndrome and short QT syndrome. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants, some of which may lack the delta subunit portion. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| ATP2B4 | ATPase, Ca++ transporting, plasma membrane 4|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type primary ion transport ATPases characterized by the formation of an aspartyl phosphate intermediate during the reaction cycle. These enzymes remove bivalent calcium ions from eukaryotic cells against very large concentration gradients and play a critical role in intracellular calcium homeostasis. The mammalian plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoforms are encoded by at least four separate genes and the diversity of these enzymes is further increased by alternative splicing of transcripts. The expression of different isoforms and splice variants is regulated in a developmental, tissue- and cell type-specific manner, suggesting that these pumps are functionally adapted to the physiological needs of particular cells and tissues. This gene encodes the plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 4. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CACNA2D4 | calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha 2/delta subunit 4|This gene encodes a member of the alpha-2/delta subunit family, a protein in the voltage-dependent calcium channel complex. Calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium ions into the cell upon membrane polarization and consist of a complex of alpha-1, alpha-2/delta, beta, and gamma subunits in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. Various versions of each of these subunits exist, either expressed from similar genes or the result of alternative splicing. Research on a highly similar protein in rabbit suggests the protein described in this record is cleaved into alpha-2 and delta subunits. Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene have been observed but have not been thoroughly characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FDPS | farnesyl diphosphate synthase|This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the production of geranyl pyrophosphate and farnesyl pyrophosphate from isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate. The resulting product, farnesyl pyrophosphate, is a key intermediate in cholesterol and sterol biosynthesis, a substrate for protein farnesylation and geranylgeranylation, and a ligand or agonist for certain hormone receptors and growth receptors. Drugs that inhibit this enzyme prevent the post-translational modifications of small GTPases and have been used to treat diseases related to bone resorption. Multiple pseudogenes have been found on chromosomes 1, 7, 14, 15, 21 and X. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| YWHAZ | tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta|This gene product belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins which mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals, and this protein is 99% identical to the mouse, rat and sheep orthologs. The encoded protein interacts with IRS1 protein, suggesting a role in regulating insulin sensitivity. Several transcript variants that differ in the 5' UTR but that encode the same protein have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| FN1 | fibronectin 1|This gene encodes fibronectin, a glycoprotein present in a soluble dimeric form in plasma, and in a dimeric or multimeric form at the cell surface and in extracellular matrix. Fibronectin is involved in cell adhesion and migration processes including embryogenesis, wound healing, blood coagulation, host defense, and metastasis. The gene has three regions subject to alternative splicing, with the potential to produce 20 different transcript variants. However, the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TBX3 | T-box 3|This gene is a member of a phylogenetically conserved family of genes that share a common DNA-binding domain, the T-box. T-box genes encode transcription factors involved in the regulation of developmental processes. This protein is a transcriptional repressor and is thought to play a role in the anterior/posterior axis of the tetrapod forelimb. Mutations in this gene cause ulnar-mammary syndrome, affecting limb, apocrine gland, tooth, hair, and genital development. Alternative splicing of this gene results in three transcript variants encoding different isoforms; however, the full length nature of one variant has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TFPI2 | tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2|This gene encodes a member of the Kunitz-type serine proteinase inhibitor family. The protein can inhibit a variety of serine proteases including factor VIIa/tissue factor, factor Xa, plasmin, trypsin, chymotryspin and plasma kallikrein. This gene has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene in several types of cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| MSRA | methionine sulfoxide reductase A|This gene encodes a ubiquitous and highly conserved protein that carries out the enzymatic reduction of methionine sulfoxide to methionine. Human and animal studies have shown the highest levels of expression in kidney and nervous tissue. The protein functions in the repair of oxidatively damaged proteins to restore biological activity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| SUPT4H1 | suppressor of Ty 4 homolog 1 (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes the small subunit of DRB (5,6-dichloro-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole) sensitivity-inducing factor (DSIF) complex, which regulates mRNA processing and transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II. The encoded protein is localized to the nucleus and interacts with the large subunit (SUPT5H) to form the DSIF complex. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 2 and 12. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| MOB3A | MOB kinase activator 3A| |
| XRN1 | 5'-3' exoribonuclease 1|This gene encodes a member of the 5'-3' exonuclease family. The encoded protein may be involved in replication-dependent histone mRNA degradation, and interacts directly with the enhancer of mRNA-decapping protein 4. In addition to mRNA metabolism, a similar protein in yeast has been implicated in a variety of nuclear and cytoplasmic functions, including homologous recombination, meiosis, telomere maintenance, and microtubule assembly. Mutations in this gene are associated with osteosarcoma, suggesting that the encoded protein may also play a role in bone formation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| CYP27C1 | cytochrome P450, family 27, subfamily C, polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SYT1 | synaptotagmin I|The synaptotagmins are integral membrane proteins of synaptic vesicles thought to serve as Ca(2+) sensors in the process of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis. Calcium binding to synaptotagmin-1 participates in triggering neurotransmitter release at the synapse (Fernandez-Chacon et al., 2001 [PubMed 11242035]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2010] |
| TBX6 | T-box 6|This gene is a member of a phylogenetically conserved family of genes that share a common DNA-binding domain, the T-box. T-box genes encode transcription factors involved in the regulation of developmental processes. Knockout studies in mice indicate that this gene is important for specification of paraxial mesoderm structures. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| FBXO5 | F-box protein 5|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of the ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbxs class. This protein is similar to xenopus early mitotic inhibitor-1 (Emi1), which is a mitotic regulator that interacts with Cdc20 and inhibits the anaphase promoting complex. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| BATF | basic leucine zipper transcription factor, ATF-like|The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear basic leucine zipper protein that belongs to the AP-1/ATF superfamily of transcription factors. The leucine zipper of this protein mediates dimerization with members of the Jun family of proteins. This protein is thought to be a negative regulator of AP-1/ATF transcriptional events. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SYT3 | synaptotagmin III| |
| FBXO6 | F-box protein 6|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of the ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbxs class, and its C-terminal region is highly similar to that of rat NFB42 (neural F Box 42 kDa) which may be involved in the control of the cell cycle. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PABPC1 | poly(A) binding protein, cytoplasmic 1|This gene encodes a poly(A) binding protein. The protein shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm and binds to the 3' poly(A) tail of eukaryotic messenger RNAs via RNA-recognition motifs. The binding of this protein to poly(A) promotes ribosome recruitment and translation initiation; it is also required for poly(A) shortening which is the first step in mRNA decay. The gene is part of a small gene family including three protein-coding genes and several pseudogenes.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| MACF1 | microtubule-actin crosslinking factor 1|This gene encodes a large protein containing numerous spectrin and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains. The encoded protein is a member of a family of proteins that form bridges between different cytoskeletal elements. This protein facilitates actin-microtubule interactions at the cell periphery and couples the microtubule network to cellular junctions. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| PABPC4 | poly(A) binding protein, cytoplasmic 4 (inducible form)|Poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) bind to the poly(A) tail present at the 3-prime ends of most eukaryotic mRNAs. PABPC4 or IPABP (inducible PABP) was isolated as an activation-induced T-cell mRNA encoding a protein. Activation of T cells increased PABPC4 mRNA levels in T cells approximately 5-fold. PABPC4 contains 4 RNA-binding domains and proline-rich C terminus. PABPC4 is localized primarily to the cytoplasm. It is suggested that PABPC4 might be necessary for regulation of stability of labile mRNA species in activated T cells. PABPC4 was also identified as an antigen, APP1 (activated-platelet protein-1), expressed on thrombin-activated rabbit platelets. PABPC4 may also be involved in the regulation of protein translation in platelets and megakaryocytes or may participate in the binding or stabilization of polyadenylates in platelet dense granules. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| PABPC5 | poly(A) binding protein, cytoplasmic 5|This gene encodes a protein that binds to the polyA tail found at the 3' end of most eukaryotic mRNAs. It is thought to play a role in the regulation of mRNA metabolic processes in the cytoplasm. This gene is located in a gene-poor region within the X-specific 13d-sY43 subinterval of the chromosome Xq21.3/Yp11.2 homology block. It is located close to translocation breakpoints associated with premature ovarian failure, and is therefore a potential candidate gene for this disorder. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| BCORL1 | BCL6 corepressor-like 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional corepressor that is found tethered to promoter regions by DNA-binding proteins. The encoded protein can interact with several different class II histone deacetylases to repress transcription. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| EED | embryonic ectoderm development|This gene encodes a member of the Polycomb-group (PcG) family. PcG family members form multimeric protein complexes, which are involved in maintaining the transcriptional repressive state of genes over successive cell generations. This protein interacts with enhancer of zeste 2, the cytoplasmic tail of integrin beta7, immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) MA protein, and histone deacetylase proteins. This protein mediates repression of gene activity through histone deacetylation, and may act as a specific regulator of integrin function. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAPKAPK5 | mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a tumor suppressor and member of the serine/threonine kinase family. In response to cellular stress and proinflammatory cytokines, this kinase is activated through its phosphorylation by MAP kinases including MAPK1/ERK, MAPK14/p38-alpha, and MAPK11/p38-beta. The encoded protein is found in the nucleus but translocates to the cytoplasm upon phosphorylation and activation. This kinase phosphorylates heat shock protein HSP27 at its physiologically relevant sites. Two alternately spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| MAPKAPK3 | mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 3|This gene encodes a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. This kinase functions as a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase)- activated protein kinase. MAP kinases are also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals. This kinase was shown to be activated by growth inducers and stress stimulation of cells. In vitro studies demonstrated that ERK, p38 MAP kinase and Jun N-terminal kinase were all able to phosphorylate and activate this kinase, which suggested the role of this kinase as an integrative element of signaling in both mitogen and stress responses. This kinase was reported to interact with, phosphorylate and repress the activity of E47, which is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor known to be involved in the regulation of tissue-specific gene expression and cell differentiation. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| MAPKAPK2 | mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2|This gene encodes a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. This kinase is regulated through direct phosphorylation by p38 MAP kinase. In conjunction with p38 MAP kinase, this kinase is known to be involved in many cellular processes including stress and inflammatory responses, nuclear export, gene expression regulation and cell proliferation. Heat shock protein HSP27 was shown to be one of the substrates of this kinase in vivo. Two transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PDHX | pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, component X|The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex is located in the mitochondrial matrix and catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A. The PDH complex thereby links glycolysis to Krebs cycle. The PDH complex contains three catalytic subunits, E1, E2, and E3, two regulatory subunits, E1 kinase and E1 phosphatase, and a non-catalytic subunit, E3 binding protein (E3BP). This gene encodes the E3 binding protein subunit; also known as component X of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. This protein tethers E3 dimers to the E2 core of the PDH complex. Defects in this gene are a cause of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency which results in neurological dysfunction and lactic acidosis in infancy and early childhood. This protein is also a minor antigen for antimitochondrial antibodies. These autoantibodies are present in nearly 95% of patients with the autoimmune liver disease primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). In PBC, activated T lymphocytes attack and destroy epithelial cells in the bile duct where this protein is abnormally distributed and overexpressed. PBC eventually leads to cirrhosis and liver failure. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| C3AR1 | complement component 3a receptor 1| |
| KDM4A | lysine (K)-specific demethylase 4A|This gene is a member of the Jumonji domain 2 (JMJD2) family and encodes a protein containing a JmjN domain, a JmjC domain, a JD2H domain, two TUDOR domains, and two PHD-type zinc fingers. This nuclear protein functions as a trimethylation-specific demethylase, converting specific trimethylated histone residues to the dimethylated form, and as a transcriptional repressor. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| GOLPH3 | golgi phosphoprotein 3 (coat-protein)|The Golgi complex plays a key role in the sorting and modification of proteins exported from the endoplasmic reticulum. The protein encoded by this gene is a peripheral membrane protein of the Golgi stack and may have a regulatory role in Golgi trafficking. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PIK3R6 | phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 6|Phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma is a lipid kinase that produces the lipid second messenger phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. The kinase is composed of a catalytic subunit and one of several regulatory subunits, and is chiefly activated by G protein-coupled receptors. This gene encodes a regulatory subunit, and is distantly related to the phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 5 gene which is located adjacent to this gene on chromosome 7. The orthologous protein in the mouse binds to both the catalytic subunit and to G(beta/gamma), and mediates activation of the kinase subunit downstream of G protein-coupled receptors. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| PIK3R5 | phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 5|Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) phosphorylate the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol at the 3-prime position, and play important roles in cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, motility, survival and intracellular trafficking. The PI3Ks are divided into three classes: I, II and III, and only the class I PI3Ks are involved in oncogenesis. This gene encodes the 101 kD regulatory subunit of the class I PI3K gamma complex, which is a dimeric enzyme, consisting of a 110 kD catalytic subunit gamma and a regulatory subunit of either 55, 87 or 101 kD. This protein recruits the catalytic subunit from the cytosol to the plasma membrane through high-affinity interaction with G-beta-gamma proteins. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding two distinct isoforms have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| PIK3R4 | phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 4| |
| PIK3R3 | phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 3 (gamma)| |
| SAMD1 | sterile alpha motif domain containing 1| |
| PIK3R1 | phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 1 (alpha)|Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase phosphorylates the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol at the 3-prime position. The enzyme comprises a 110 kD catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit of either 85, 55, or 50 kD. This gene encodes the 85 kD regulatory subunit. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase plays an important role in the metabolic actions of insulin, and a mutation in this gene has been associated with insulin resistance. Alternative splicing of this gene results in four transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| CTNNBL1 | catenin, beta like 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the pre-mRNA-processing factor 19-cell division cycle 5-like (PRP19-CDC5L) protein complex, which activates pre-mRNA splicing and is an integral part of the spliceosome. The encoded protein is also a nuclear localization sequence binding protein, and binds to activation-induced deaminase and is important for antibody diversification. This gene may also be associated with the development of obesity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene has been defined on the X chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| PDHB | pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) beta|The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial multienzyme complex that catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide, and provides the primary link between glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The PDH complex is composed of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). The E1 enzyme is a heterotetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits. This gene encodes the E1 beta subunit. Mutations in this gene are associated with pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-beta deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| SAMD8 | sterile alpha motif domain containing 8| |
| SAMD9 | sterile alpha motif domain containing 9|This gene encodes a sterile alpha motif domain-containing protein. The encoded protein localizes to the cytoplasm and may play a role in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. Mutations in this gene are the cause of normophosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| PTPRN2 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, N polypeptide 2|This gene encodes a protein with sequence similarity to receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases. However, tyrosine phosphatase activity has not been experimentally validated for this protein. Studies of the rat ortholog suggest that the encoded protein may instead function as a phosphatidylinositol phosphatase with the ability to dephosphorylate phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-diphosphate, and this function may be involved in the regulation of insulin secretion. This protein has been identified as an autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| C18orf21 | chromosome 18 open reading frame 21| |
| RHO | rhodopsin|Retinitis pigmentosa is an inherited progressive disease which is a major cause of blindness in western communities. It can be inherited as an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked recessive disorder. In the autosomal dominant form,which comprises about 25% of total cases, approximately 30% of families have mutations in the gene encoding the rod photoreceptor-specific protein rhodopsin. This is the transmembrane protein which, when photoexcited, initiates the visual transduction cascade. Defects in this gene are also one of the causes of congenital stationary night blindness. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC10A2 | solute carrier family 10 (sodium/bile acid cotransporter), member 2|This gene encodes a sodium/bile acid cotransporter. This transporter is the primary mechanism for uptake of intestinal bile acids by apical cells in the distal ileum. Bile acids are the catabolic product of cholesterol metabolism, so this protein is also critical for cholesterol homeostasis. Mutations in this gene cause primary bile acid malabsorption (PBAM); muatations in this gene may also be associated with other diseases of the liver and intestines, such as familial hypertriglyceridemia (FHTG). [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| NCR2 | natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 2| |
| HSF2BP | heat shock transcription factor 2 binding protein|HSF2 binding protein (HSF2BP) associates with HSF2. The interaction occurs between the trimerization domain of HSF2 and the amino terminal hydrophilic region of HSF2BP that comprises two leucine zipper motifs. HSF2BP may therefore be involved in modulating HSF2 activation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HEXIM1 | hexamethylene bis-acetamide inducible 1|Expression of this gene is induced by hexamethylene-bis-acetamide in vascular smooth muscle cells. This gene has no introns. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DENND5B | DENN/MADD domain containing 5B| |
| DENND5A | DENN/MADD domain containing 5A| |
| HEXIM2 | hexamethylene bis-acetamide inducible 2|This gene encodes a member of the HEXIM family of proteins. This protein is a component of the 7SK small nuclear ribonucleoprotein. This protein has been found to negatively regulate the kinase activity of the cyclin-dependent kinase P-TEFb, which phosphorylates multiple target proteins to promote transcriptional elongation. This gene is located approximately 7 kb downstream from related family member HEXIM1 on chromosome 17. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| PTCRA | pre T-cell antigen receptor alpha|The protein encoded by this gene is a single-pass type I membrane protein that is found in immmature but not mature T-cells. Along with TCRB and CD3 complex, the encoded protein forms the pre-T-cell receptor complex, which regulates early T-cell development. Four transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| ELFN1 | extracellular leucine-rich repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing 1| |
| TUBAL3 | tubulin, alpha-like 3| |
| LRRC18 | leucine rich repeat containing 18| |
| ST13P4 | suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (colon carcinoma) (Hsp70 interacting protein) pseudogene 4| |
| LRRC14 | leucine rich repeat containing 14|This gene encodes a leucine-rich repeat-containing protein. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| LRRC15 | leucine rich repeat containing 15| |
| MEP1A | meprin A, alpha (PABA peptide hydrolase)| |
| C14orf105 | chromosome 14 open reading frame 105| |
| SLC51A | solute carrier family 51, alpha subunit| |
| CRLS1 | cardiolipin synthase 1| |
| RTN4RL1 | reticulon 4 receptor-like 1| |
| FAM111A | family with sequence similarity 111, member A| |
| XCL1 | chemokine (C motif) ligand 1|This antimicrobial gene encodes a member of the chemokine superfamily. Chemokines function in inflammatory and immunological responses, inducing leukocyte migration and activation. The encoded protein is a member of the C-chemokine subfamily, retaining only two of four cysteines conserved in other chemokines, and is thought to be specifically chemotactic for T cells. This gene and a closely related family member are located on the long arm of chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| TOMM40L | translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 homolog (yeast)-like| |
| RAB3A | RAB3A, member RAS oncogene family| |
| POF1B | premature ovarian failure, 1B|Premature ovarian failure (POF) is characterized by primary or secondary amenorrhea in women less than 40 years old. Two POF susceptibility regions called "POF1" and "POF2" have been identified by breakpoint mapping of X-autosome translocations. POF1 extends from Xq21-qter while POF2 extends from Xq13.3 to Xq21.1. This gene, POF1B, resides in the POF2 region. This gene is expressed at trace levels in mouse prenatal ovary and is barely detectable or absent from adult ovary, in human and in the mouse respectively. This gene's expression is restricted to epithelia with its highest expression in the epidermis, and oro-pharyngeal and gastro-intestinal tracts. The protein encoded by this gene binds non-muscle actin filaments. The role this gene may play in the etiology of premature ovarian failure remains to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| ARMC9 | armadillo repeat containing 9| |
| SHROOM2 | shroom family member 2|The protein encoded by this gene shares significant similarities with the apical protein from Xenopus laevis which is implicated in amiloride-sensitive sodium channel activity. This gene is a strong candidate gene for ocular albinism type 1 syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IDS | iduronate 2-sulfatase|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the sulfatase family, is localized to the lysosome, and is involved in lysosomal degradation of heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate. Mutations in this gene are associated with the X-linked lysosomal storage disease, mucopolysaccharidosis type II, also known as Hunter syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| ARMC6 | armadillo repeat containing 6|The function of this gene's protein product has not been determined. A related protein in mouse suggests that this protein has a conserved function. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| RBKS | ribokinase|This gene encodes a member of the carbohydrate kinase PfkB family. The encoded protein phosphorylates ribose to form ribose-5-phosphate in the presence of ATP and magnesium as a first step in ribose metabolism. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| CCL1 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1|This antimicrobial gene is one of several chemokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines form a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of the N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine, a member of the CC subfamily, is secreted by activated T cells and displays chemotactic activity for monocytes but not for neutrophils. It binds to the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 8. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| GLIPR1L2 | GLI pathogenesis-related 1 like 2|This gene encodes a member of the cysteine-rich secretory protein, antigen 5, and pathogenesis-related 1 superfamily. Members of this family have roles in a variety of processes, including cancer and immune defense. This gene is located in a cluster with two related genes on chromosome 12. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| IDE | insulin-degrading enzyme|This gene encodes a zinc metallopeptidase that degrades intracellular insulin, and thereby terminates insulins activity, as well as participating in intercellular peptide signalling by degrading diverse peptides such as glucagon, amylin, bradykinin, and kallidin. The preferential affinity of this enzyme for insulin results in insulin-mediated inhibition of the degradation of other peptides such as beta-amyloid. Deficiencies in this protein's function are associated with Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus but mutations in this gene have not been shown to be causitive for these diseases. This protein localizes primarily to the cytoplasm but in some cell types localizes to the extracellular space, cell membrane, peroxisome, and mitochondrion. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Additional transcript variants have been described but have not been experimentally verified.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| NCAM1 | neural cell adhesion molecule 1|This gene encodes a cell adhesion protein which is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein is involved in cell-to-cell interactions as well as cell-matrix interactions during development and differentiation. The encoded protein has been shown to be involved in development of the nervous system, and for cells involved in the expansion of T cells and dendritic cells which play an important role in immune surveillance. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| NCAM2 | neural cell adhesion molecule 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is a type I membrane protein and may function in selective fasciculation and zone-to-zone projection of the primary olfactory axons. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCL7 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7|This gene encodes monocyte chemotactic protein 3, a secreted chemokine which attracts macrophages during inflammation and metastasis. It is a member of the C-C subfamily of chemokines which are characterized by having two adjacent cysteine residues. The protein is an in vivo substrate of matrix metalloproteinase 2, an enzyme which degrades components of the extracellular matrix. This gene is part of a cluster of C-C chemokine family members on chromosome 17q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCDC101 | coiled-coil domain containing 101|CCDC101 is a subunit of 2 histone acetyltransferase complexes: the ADA2A (TADA2A; MIM 602276)-containing (ATAC) complex and the SPT3 (SUPT3H; MIM 602947)-TAF9 (MIM 600822)-GCN5 (KAT2A; MIM 602301)/PCAF (KAT2B; MIM 602303) acetylase (STAGA) complex. Both of these complexes contain either GCN5 or PCAF, which are paralogous acetyltransferases (Wang et al., 2008 [PubMed 18838386]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010] |
| TICAM1 | toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 1|This gene encodes an adaptor protein containing a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) homology domain, which is an intracellular signaling domain that mediates protein-protein interactions between the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and signal-transduction components. This protein is involved in native immunity against invading pathogens. It specifically interacts with toll-like receptor 3, but not with other TLRs, and this association mediates dsRNA induction of interferon-beta through activation of nuclear factor kappa-B, during an antiviral immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| FAHD2A | fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain containing 2A| |
| ABCC5 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MRP subfamily which is involved in multi-drug resistance. This protein functions in the cellular export of its substrate, cyclic nucleotides. This export contributes to the degradation of phosphodiesterases and possibly an elimination pathway for cyclic nucleotides. Studies show that this protein provides resistance to thiopurine anticancer drugs, 6-mercatopurine and thioguanine, and the anti-HIV drug 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine. This protein may be involved in resistance to thiopurines in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and antiretroviral nucleoside analogs in HIV-infected patients. Alternative splicing of this gene has been detected; however, the complete sequence and translation initiation site is unclear. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCL4 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a mitogen-inducible monokine and is one of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. The encoded protein is secreted and has chemokinetic and inflammatory functions. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| CCDC107 | coiled-coil domain containing 107|This gene encodes a membrane protein which contains a coiled-coil domain in the central region. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| GUF1 | GUF1 GTPase homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| OBP2B | odorant binding protein 2B| |
| HIATL1 | hippocampus abundant transcript-like 1| |
| CCDC12 | coiled-coil domain containing 12| |
| POLD1 | polymerase (DNA directed), delta 1, catalytic subunit|This gene encodes the 125-kDa catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase delta. DNA polymerase delta possesses both polymerase and 3' to 5' exonuclease activity and plays a critical role in DNA replication and repair. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| POLD2 | polymerase (DNA directed), delta 2, accessory subunit|This gene encodes the 50-kDa catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase delta. DNA polymerase delta possesses both polymerase and 3' to 5' exonuclease activity and plays a critical role in DNA replication and repair. The encoded protein is required for the stimulation of DNA polymerase delta activity by the processivity cofactor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Expression of this gene may be a marker for ovarian carcinomas. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 5. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| POLD3 | polymerase (DNA-directed), delta 3, accessory subunit|This gene encodes the 66-kDa subunit of DNA polymerase delta. DNA polymerase delta possesses both polymerase and 3' to 5' exonuclease activity and plays a critical role in DNA replication and repair. The encoded protein plays a role in regulating the activity of DNA polymerase delta through interactions with other subunits and the processivity cofactor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| POLD4 | polymerase (DNA-directed), delta 4, accessory subunit|This gene encodes the smallest subunit of DNA polymerase delta. DNA polymerase delta possesses both polymerase and 3' to 5' exonuclease activity and plays a critical role in DNA replication and repair. The encoded protein enhances the activity of DNA polymerase delta and plays a role in fork repair and stabilization through interactions with the DNA helicase Bloom syndrome protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| PML | promyelocytic leukemia|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This phosphoprotein localizes to nuclear bodies where it functions as a transcription factor and tumor suppressor. Its expression is cell-cycle related and it regulates the p53 response to oncogenic signals. The gene is often involved in the translocation with the retinoic acid receptor alpha gene associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Extensive alternative splicing of this gene results in several variations of the protein's central and C-terminal regions; all variants encode the same N-terminus. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FSTL1 | follistatin-like 1|This gene encodes a protein with similarity to follistatin, an activin-binding protein. It contains an FS module, a follistatin-like sequence containing 10 conserved cysteine residues. This gene product is thought to be an autoantigen associated with rheumatoid arthritis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| REEP3 | receptor accessory protein 3| |
| C6orf48 | chromosome 6 open reading frame 48| |
| REEP5 | receptor accessory protein 5| |
| REEP4 | receptor accessory protein 4| |
| PI4KAP2 | phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, catalytic, alpha pseudogene 2| |
| REEP6 | receptor accessory protein 6| |
| BBS9 | Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9|This gene is downregulated by parathyroid hormone in osteoblastic cells, and therefore, is thought to be involved in parathyroid hormone action in bones. The exact function of this gene has not yet been determined. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CECR2 | cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 2|This gene encodes a bromodomain-containing protein that is involved in chromatin remodeling, and may additionally play a role in DNA damage response. The encoded protein functions as part of an ATP-dependent complex that is involved in neurulation. This gene is a candidate gene for Cat Eye Syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| MRM1 | mitochondrial rRNA methyltransferase 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| TSKS | testis-specific serine kinase substrate|This gene may play a role in testicular physiology, spermatogenesis or spermiogenesis. Expression of the encoded protein is highest in the testis and down-regulated in testicular cancer. The gene is localized to the region 19q13.3 among the related RAS viral oncogene homolog (RRAS) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) genes, which are both involved in tumorigenesis pathways and progression. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CECR6 | cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 6| |
| NUB1 | negative regulator of ubiquitin-like proteins 1|This gene encodes a protein that functions as a negative regulator of NEDD8, a ubiquitin-like protein that conjugates with cullin family members in order to regulate vital biological events. The protein encoded by this gene regulates the NEDD8 conjugation system post-transcriptionally by recruiting NEDD8 and its conjugates to the proteasome for degradation. This protein interacts with the product of the AIPL1 gene, which is associated with Leber congenital amaurosis, an inherited retinopathy, and mutations in that gene can abolish interaction with this protein, which may contribute to the pathogenesis. This protein is also known to accumulate in Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, and in glial cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophy, with this abnormal accumulation being specific to alpha-synucleinopathy lesions. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| ARL6IP6 | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 6| |
| ARL6IP5 | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 5|Expression of this gene is affected by vitamin A. The encoded protein of this gene may be associated with the cytoskeleton. A similar protein in rats may play a role in the regulation of cell differentiation. The rat protein binds and inhibits the cell membrane glutamate transporter EAAC1. The expression of the rat gene is upregulated by retinoic acid, which results in a specific reduction in EAAC1-mediated glutamate transport. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARL6IP4 | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 4| |
| ARL6IP1 | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 1| |
| ZNF106 | zinc finger protein 106| |
| FEV | FEV (ETS oncogene family)|This gene belongs to the ETS transcription factor family. ETS family members have a highly conserved 85-amino acid ETS domain that binds purine-rich DNA sequences. The alanine-rich C-terminus of this gene indicates that it may act as a transcription repressor. This gene is exclusively expressed in neurons of the central serotonin (5-HT) system, a system implicated in the pathogeny of such psychiatric diseases as depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. In some types of Ewing tumors, this gene is fused to the Ewing sarcoma (EWS) gene following chromosome translocations. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CHRNA5 | cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 5 (neuronal)|The protein encoded by this gene is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit and a member of a superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels that mediate fast signal transmission at synapses. These receptors are thought to be heteropentamers composed of separate but similar subunits. Defects in this gene have been linked to susceptibility to lung cancer type 2 (LNCR2).[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| CHRNA7 | cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 7 (neuronal)|The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are members of a superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels that mediate fast signal transmission at synapses. The nAChRs are thought to be hetero-pentamers composed of homologous subunits. The proposed structure for each subunit is a conserved N-terminal extracellular domain followed by three conserved transmembrane domains, a variable cytoplasmic loop, a fourth conserved transmembrane domain, and a short C-terminal extracellular region. The protein encoded by this gene forms a homo-oligomeric channel, displays marked permeability to calcium ions and is a major component of brain nicotinic receptors that are blocked by, and highly sensitive to, alpha-bungarotoxin. Once this receptor binds acetylcholine, it undergoes an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane. This gene is located in a region identified as a major susceptibility locus for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and a chromosomal location involved in the genetic transmission of schizophrenia. An evolutionarily recent partial duplication event in this region results in a hybrid containing sequence from this gene and a novel FAM7A gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| FER | fer (fps/fes related) tyrosine kinase|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the FPS/FES family of non-transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases. It regulates cell-cell adhesion and mediates signaling from the cell surface to the cytoskeleton via growth factor receptors. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| FES | FES proto-oncogene, tyrosine kinase|This gene encodes the human cellular counterpart of a feline sarcoma retrovirus protein with transforming capabilities. The gene product has tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity and that activity is required for maintenance of cellular transformation. Its chromosomal location has linked it to a specific translocation event identified in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia but it is also involved in normal hematopoiesis as well as growth factor and cytokine receptor signaling. Alternative splicing results in multiple variants encoding different isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| CHRNA2 | cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 2 (neuronal)|Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels formed by a pentameric arrangement of alpha and beta subunits to create distinct muscle and neuronal receptors. Neuronal receptors are found throughout the peripheral and central nervous system where they are involved in fast synaptic transmission. This gene encodes an alpha subunit that is widely expressed in the brain. The proposed structure for nAChR subunits is a conserved N-terminal extracellular domain followed by three conserved transmembrane domains, a variable cytoplasmic loop, a fourth conserved transmembrane domain, and a short C-terminal extracellular region. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy type 4. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this gene have been associated with nicotine dependence. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| CHRNA3 | cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 3 (neuronal)|This locus encodes a member of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor family of proteins. Members of this family of proteins form pentameric complexes comprised of both alpha and beta subunits. This locus encodes an alpha-type subunit, as it contains characteristic adjacent cysteine residues. The encoded protein is a ligand-gated ion channel that likely plays a role in neurotransmission. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with an increased risk of smoking initiation and an increased susceptibility to lung cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| PLN | phospholamban|The protein encoded by this gene is found as a pentamer and is a major substrate for the cAMP-dependent protein kinase in cardiac muscle. The encoded protein is an inhibitor of cardiac muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase in the unphosphorylated state, but inhibition is relieved upon phosphorylation of the protein. The subsequent activation of the Ca(2+) pump leads to enhanced muscle relaxation rates, thereby contributing to the inotropic response elicited in heart by beta-agonists. The encoded protein is a key regulator of cardiac diastolic function. Mutations in this gene are a cause of inherited human dilated cardiomyopathy with refractory congestive heart failure. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MLST8 | MTOR associated protein, LST8 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| MAPK8IP1 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 interacting protein 1|This gene encodes a regulator of the pancreatic beta-cell function. It is highly similar to JIP-1, a mouse protein known to be a regulator of c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (Mapk8). This protein has been shown to prevent MAPK8 mediated activation of transcription factors, and to decrease IL-1 beta and MAP kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1) induced apoptosis in pancreatic beta cells. This protein also functions as a DNA-binding transactivator of the glucose transporter GLUT2. RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) is reported to repress the expression of this gene in insulin-secreting beta cells. This gene is found to be mutated in a type 2 diabetes family, and thus is thought to be a susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| MAPK8IP2 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 interacting protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene is closely related to MAPK8IP1/IB1/JIP-1, a scaffold protein that is involved in the c-Jun amino-terminal kinase signaling pathway. This protein is expressed in brain and pancreatic cells. It has been shown to interact with, and regulate the activity of MAPK8/JNK1, and MAP2K7/MKK7 kinases. This protein thus is thought to function as a regulator of signal transduction by protein kinase cascade in brain and pancreatic beta-cells. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| MAPK8IP3 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 interacting protein 3|The protein encoded by this gene shares similarity with the product of Drosophila syd gene, required for the functional interaction of kinesin I with axonal cargo. Studies of the similar gene in mouse suggested that this protein may interact with, and regulate the activity of numerous protein kinases of the JNK signaling pathway, and thus function as a scaffold protein in neuronal cells. The C. elegans counterpart of this gene is found to regulate synaptic vesicle transport possibly by integrating JNK signaling and kinesin-1 transport. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STAU1 | staufen double-stranded RNA binding protein 1|Staufen is a member of the family of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding proteins involved in the transport and/or localization of mRNAs to different subcellular compartments and/or organelles. These proteins are characterized by the presence of multiple dsRNA-binding domains which are required to bind RNAs having double-stranded secondary structures. The human homologue of staufen encoded by STAU, in addition contains a microtubule- binding domain similar to that of microtubule-associated protein 1B, and binds tubulin. The STAU gene product has been shown to be present in the cytoplasm in association with the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), implicating this protein in the transport of mRNA via the microtubule network to the RER, the site of translation. Five transcript variants resulting from alternative splicing of STAU gene and encoding three isoforms have been described. Three of these variants encode the same isoform, however, differ in their 5'UTR. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STAU2 | staufen double-stranded RNA binding protein 2|Staufen homolog 2 is a member of the family of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding proteins involved in the transport and/or localization of mRNAs to different subcellular compartments and/or organelles. These proteins are characterized by the presence of multiple dsRNA-binding domains which are required to bind RNAs having double-stranded secondary structures. Staufen homolog 2 shares 48.5% and 59.9% similarity with drosophila and human staufen, respectively. The exact function of Staufen homolog 2 is not known, but since it contains 3 copies of conserved dsRNA binding domain, it could be involved in double-stranded RNA binding events. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| DICER1 | dicer 1, ribonuclease type III|This gene encodes a protein possessing an RNA helicase motif containing a DEXH box in its amino terminus and an RNA motif in the carboxy terminus. The encoded protein functions as a ribonuclease and is required by the RNA interference and small temporal RNA (stRNA) pathways to produce the active small RNA component that represses gene expression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| ID4 | inhibitor of DNA binding 4, dominant negative helix-loop-helix protein|This gene encodes a member of the inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) protein family. These proteins are basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors which can act as tumor suppressors but lack DNA binding activity. Consequently, the activity of the encoded protein depends on the protein binding partner. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| ID2 | inhibitor of DNA binding 2, dominant negative helix-loop-helix protein|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the inhibitor of DNA binding family, members of which are transcriptional regulators that contain a helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain but not a basic domain. Members of the inhibitor of DNA binding family inhibit the functions of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors in a dominant-negative manner by suppressing their heterodimerization partners through the HLH domains. This protein may play a role in negatively regulating cell differentiation. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 3. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| ID3 | inhibitor of DNA binding 3, dominant negative helix-loop-helix protein|The protein encoded by this gene is a helix-loop-helix (HLH) protein that can form heterodimers with other HLH proteins. However, the encoded protein lacks a basic DNA-binding domain and therefore inhibits the DNA binding of any HLH protein with which it interacts. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| ID1 | inhibitor of DNA binding 1, dominant negative helix-loop-helix protein|The protein encoded by this gene is a helix-loop-helix (HLH) protein that can form heterodimers with members of the basic HLH family of transcription factors. The encoded protein has no DNA binding activity and therefore can inhibit the DNA binding and transcriptional activation ability of basic HLH proteins with which it interacts. This protein may play a role in cell growth, senescence, and differentiation. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MGME1 | mitochondrial genome maintenance exonuclease 1| |
| SLFNL1 | schlafen-like 1| |
| SERPINB5 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 5| |
| LRBA | LPS-responsive vesicle trafficking, beach and anchor containing|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the WDL-BEACH-WD (WBW) gene family. Its expression is induced in B cells and macrophages by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The encoded protein associates with protein kinase A and may be involved in leading intracellular vesicles to activated receptor complexes, which aids in the secretion and/or membrane deposition of immune effector molecules. Defects in this gene are associated with the disorder common variable immunodeficiency-8 with autoimmunity. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| HP1BP3 | heterochromatin protein 1, binding protein 3| |
| CPAMD8 | C3 and PZP-like, alpha-2-macroglobulin domain containing 8|CPAMD8 belongs to the complement component-3 (C3; MIM 120700)/alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M; MIM 103950) family of proteins, which are involved in innate immunity and damage control. Complement components recognize and eliminate pathogens by direct binding or by mediating opsonization/phagocytosis and intracellular killing, and A2M is a broad-spectrum protease inhibitor (Li et al., 2004 [PubMed 15177561]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CHGB | chromogranin B|This gene encodes a tyrosine-sulfated secretory protein abundant in peptidergic endocrine cells and neurons. This protein may serve as a precursor for regulatory peptides. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| MYCBPAP | MYCBP associated protein| |
| PDCD6IP | programmed cell death 6 interacting protein|This gene encodes a protein that functions within the ESCRT pathway in the abscission stage of cytokinesis, in intralumenal endosomal vesicle formation, and in enveloped virus budding. Studies using mouse cells have shown that overexpression of this protein can block apoptosis. In addition, the product of this gene binds to the product of the PDCD6 gene, a protein required for apoptosis, in a calcium-dependent manner. This gene product also binds to endophilins, proteins that regulate membrane shape during endocytosis. Overexpression of this gene product and endophilins results in cytoplasmic vacuolization, which may be partly responsible for the protection against cell death. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosome 15. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| MSN | moesin|Moesin (for membrane-organizing extension spike protein) is a member of the ERM family which includes ezrin and radixin. ERM proteins appear to function as cross-linkers between plasma membranes and actin-based cytoskeletons. Moesin is localized to filopodia and other membranous protrusions that are important for cell-cell recognition and signaling and for cell movement. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LEPREL4 | prolyl 3-hydroxylase family member 4 (non-enzymatic)|This nucleolar protein was first characterized because it was an autoantigen in cases on interstitial cystitis. The protein, with a predicted molecular weight of 50 kDa, appears to be localized in the particulate compartment of the interphase nucleolus, with a distribution distinct from that of nucleolar protein B23. During mitosis it is associated with chromosomes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LEPREL2 | prolyl 3-hydroxylase 3|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the leprecan family of proteoglycans, which function as collagen prolyl hydroxylases that are required for proper collagen biosynthesis, folding and assembly. This protein, like other family members, is thought to reside in the endoplasmic reticulum. Epigenetic inactivation of this gene is associated with breast and other cancers, suggesting that it may function as a tumor suppressor. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| LEPREL1 | prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2|This gene encodes a member of the prolyl 3-hydroxylase subfamily of 2-oxo-glutarate-dependent dioxygenases. These enzymes play a critical role in collagen chain assembly, stability and cross-linking by catalyzing post-translational 3-hydroxylation of proline residues. Mutations in this gene are associated with nonsyndromic severe myopia with cataract and vitreoretinal degeneration, and downregulation of this gene may play a role in breast cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| FOPNL | FGFR1OP N-terminal like| |
| MSC | musculin|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional repressor capable of binding an E-box element either as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with E2A in vitro. The encoded protein also forms heterodimers with E2A proteins in vivo. This protein is capable of inhibiting the transactivation capability of E47, an E2A protein, in mammalian cells. This gene is a downstream target of the B-cell receptor signal transduction pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SEC31B | SEC31 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a protein of unknown function. The protein has moderate similarity to rat VAP1 protein which is an endosomal membrane-associated protein, containing a putative Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II phosphorylation site. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SEC31A | SEC31 homolog A (S. cerevisiae)|The protein encoded by this gene is similar to yeast Sec31 protein. Yeast Sec31 protein is known to be a component of the COPII protein complex which is responsible for vesicle budding from endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This protein was found to colocalize with SEC13, one of the other components of COPII , in the subcellular structures corresponding to the vesicle transport function. An immunodepletion experiment confirmed that this protein is required for ER-Golgi transport. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| XBP1 | X-box binding protein 1|This gene encodes a transcription factor that regulates MHC class II genes by binding to a promoter element referred to as an X box. This gene product is a bZIP protein, which was also identified as a cellular transcription factor that binds to an enhancer in the promoter of the T cell leukemia virus type 1 promoter. It may increase expression of viral proteins by acting as the DNA binding partner of a viral transactivator. It has been found that upon accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the mRNA of this gene is processed to an active form by an unconventional splicing mechanism that is mediated by the endonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1). The resulting loss of 26 nt from the spliced mRNA causes a frame-shift and an isoform XBP1(S), which is the functionally active transcription factor. The isoform encoded by the unspliced mRNA, XBP1(U), is constitutively expressed, and thought to function as a negative feedback regulator of XBP1(S), which shuts off transcription of target genes during the recovery phase of ER stress. A pseudogene of XBP1 has been identified and localized to chromosome 5. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UBOX5 | U-box domain containing 5|This gene encodes a U-box domain containing protein. The encoded protein interacts with E2 enzymes and may play a role in the ubiquitination pathway. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| ANKRD6 | ankyrin repeat domain 6| |
| ANKRD7 | ankyrin repeat domain 7| |
| ANKRD1 | ankyrin repeat domain 1 (cardiac muscle)|The protein encoded by this gene is localized to the nucleus of endothelial cells and is induced by IL-1 and TNF-alpha stimulation. Studies in rat cardiomyocytes suggest that this gene functions as a transcription factor. Interactions between this protein and the sarcomeric proteins myopalladin and titin suggest that it may also be involved in the myofibrillar stretch-sensor system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANKRD2 | ankyrin repeat domain 2 (stretch responsive muscle)|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the muscle ankyrin repeat protein (MARP) family. A similar gene in rodents is a component of a muscle stress response pathway and plays a role in the stretch-response associated with slow muscle function. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| AQR | aquarius intron-binding spliceosomal factor| |
| YWHAQ | tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, theta|This gene product belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins which mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals, and this protein is 99% identical to the mouse and rat orthologs. This gene is upregulated in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It contains in its 5' UTR a 6 bp tandem repeat sequence which is polymorphic, however, there is no correlation between the repeat number and the disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AHDC1 | AT hook, DNA binding motif, containing 1|This gene encodes a protein containing two AT-hooks, which likely function in DNA binding. Mutations in this gene were found in individuals with Xia-Gibbs syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| GLI3 | GLI family zinc finger 3|This gene encodes a protein which belongs to the C2H2-type zinc finger proteins subclass of the Gli family. They are characterized as DNA-binding transcription factors and are mediators of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling. The protein encoded by this gene localizes in the cytoplasm and activates patched Drosophila homolog (PTCH) gene expression. It is also thought to play a role during embryogenesis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with several diseases, including Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome, Pallister-Hall syndrome, preaxial polydactyly type IV, and postaxial polydactyly types A1 and B. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GLI1 | GLI family zinc finger 1|This gene encodes a member of the Kruppel family of zinc finger proteins. The encoded transcription factor is activated by the sonic hedgehog signal transduction cascade and regulates stem cell proliferation. The activity and nuclear localization of this protein is negatively regulated by p53 in an inhibitory loop. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| FSHR | follicle stimulating hormone receptor|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to family 1 of G-protein coupled receptors. It is the receptor for follicle stimulating hormone and functions in gonad development. Mutations in this gene cause ovarian dysgenesis type 1, and also ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| DISP1 | dispatched homolog 1 (Drosophila)|The pattern of cellular proliferation and differentiation that leads to normal development of embryonic structures often depends upon the localized production of secreted protein signals. Cells surrounding the source of a particular signal respond in a graded manner according to the effective concentration of the signal, and this response produces the pattern of cell types constituting the mature structure. A novel segment-polarity gene known as dispatched has been identified in Drosophila and its protein product is required for normal Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. This gene is one of two human homologs of Drosophila dispatched and, based on sequence identity to its mouse counterpart, the encoded protein may play an essential role in Hh patterning activities in the early embryo. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MPPE1 | metallophosphoesterase 1| |
| DISP2 | dispatched homolog 2 (Drosophila)|The pattern of cellular proliferation and differentiation that leads to normal development of embryonic structures often depends upon the localized production of secreted protein signals. Cells surrounding the source of a particular signal respond in a graded manner according to the effective concentration of the signal, and this response produces the pattern of cell types constituting the mature structure. A segment-polarity gene known as dispatched has been identified in Drosophila and its protein product is required for normal Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. This gene is one of two human homologs of Drosophila dispatched. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| YME1L1 | YME1-like 1 ATPase|The protein encoded by this gene is the human ortholog of yeast mitochondrial AAA metalloprotease, Yme1p. It is localized in the mitochondria and can functionally complement a yme1 disruptant yeast strain. It is proposed that this gene plays a role in mitochondrial protein metabolism and could be involved in mitochondrial pathologies. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| PEF1 | penta-EF-hand domain containing 1|This gene encodes a calcium-binding protein belonging to the penta-EF-hand protein family. The encoded protein has been shown to form a heterodimer with the programmed cell death 6 gene product and may modulate its function in Ca(2+) signaling. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants and a pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 1.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| ZFP57 | ZFP57 zinc finger protein|The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger protein containing a KRAB domain. Studies in mouse suggest that this protein may function as a transcriptional repressor. Mutations in this gene have been associated with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus type 1 (TNDM1).[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| LONP2 | lon peptidase 2, peroxisomal| |
| PDGFA | platelet-derived growth factor alpha polypeptide|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor family. The four members of this family are mitogenic factors for cells of mesenchymal origin and are characterized by a motif of eight cysteines. This gene product can exist either as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with the platelet-derived growth factor beta polypeptide, where the dimers are connected by disulfide bonds. Studies using knockout mice have shown cellular defects in oligodendrocytes, alveolar smooth muscle cells, and Leydig cells in the testis; knockout mice die either as embryos or shortly after birth. Two splice variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PDGFB | platelet-derived growth factor beta polypeptide|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor family. The four members of this family are mitogenic factors for cells of mesenchymal origin and are characterized by a motif of eight cysteines. This gene product can exist either as a homodimer (PDGF-BB) or as a heterodimer with the platelet-derived growth factor alpha polypeptide (PDGF-AB), where the dimers are connected by disulfide bonds. Mutations in this gene are associated with meningioma. Reciprocal translocations between chromosomes 22 and 17, at sites where this gene and that for collagen type 1, alpha 1 are located, are associated with a particular type of skin tumor called dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans resulting from unregulated expression of growth factor. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013] |
| PDGFC | platelet derived growth factor C|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor family. The four members of this family are mitogenic factors for cells of mesenchymal origin and are characterized by a core motif of eight cysteines. This gene product appears to form only homodimers. It differs from the platelet-derived growth factor alpha and beta polypeptides in having an unusual N-terminal domain, the CUB domain. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| PDGFD | platelet derived growth factor D|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor family. The four members of this family are mitogenic factors for cells of mesenchymal origin and are characterized by a core motif of eight cysteines, seven of which are found in this factor. This gene product only forms homodimers and, therefore, does not dimerize with the other three family members. It differs from alpha and beta members of this family in having an unusual N-terminal domain, the CUB domain. Two splice variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GTF2E1 | general transcription factor IIE, polypeptide 1, alpha 56kDa| |
| ORC6 | origin recognition complex, subunit 6|The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a highly conserved six subunit protein complex essential for the initiation of the DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Studies in yeast demonstrated that ORC binds specifically to origins of replication and serves as a platform for the assembly of additional initiation factors such as Cdc6 and Mcm proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the ORC complex. Gene silencing studies with small interfering RNA demonstrated that this protein plays an essential role in coordinating chromosome replication and segregation with cytokinesis. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| ORC4 | origin recognition complex, subunit 4|The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a highly conserved six subunit protein complex essential for the initiation of the DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Studies in yeast demonstrated that ORC binds specifically to origins of replication and serves as a platform for the assembly of additional initiation factors such as Cdc6 and Mcm proteins. This gene encodes a subunit of the ORC complex. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants, some of which encode the same protein, have been reported for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| ORC5 | origin recognition complex, subunit 5|The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a highly conserved six subunit protein complex essential for the initiation of the DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Studies in yeast demonstrated that ORC binds specifically to origins of replication and serves as a platform for the assembly of additional initiation factors such as Cdc6 and Mcm proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the ORC complex. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| ORC2 | origin recognition complex, subunit 2|The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a highly conserved six subunits protein complex essential for the initiation of the DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Studies in yeast demonstrated that ORC binds specifically to origins of replication and serves as a platform for the assembly of additional initiation factors such as Cdc6 and Mcm proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the ORC complex. This protein forms a core complex with ORC3, -4, and -5. It also interacts with CDC45 and MCM10, which are proteins known to be important for the initiation of DNA replication. This protein has been demonstrated to specifically associate with the origin of replication of Epstein-Barr virus in human cells, and is thought to be required for DNA replication from viral origin of replication. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, one of which is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay candidate. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| GTF2E2 | general transcription factor IIE, polypeptide 2, beta 34kDa| |
| AP5Z1 | adaptor-related protein complex 5, zeta 1 subunit|This gene was identified by genome-wide screen for genes involved in homologous recombination DNA double-strand break repair (HR-DSBR). The encoded protein was found in a complex with other proteins that have a role in HR-DSBR. Knockdown of this gene reduced homologous recombination, and mutations in this gene were found in patients with spastic paraplegia. It was concluded that this gene likely encodes a helicase (PMID:20613862). [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| ORC1 | origin recognition complex, subunit 1|The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a highly conserved six subunits protein complex essential for the initiation of the DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Studies in yeast demonstrated that ORC binds specifically to origins of replication and serves as a platform for the assembly of additional initiation factors such as Cdc6 and Mcm proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is the largest subunit of the ORC complex. While other ORC subunits are stable throughout the cell cycle, the levels of this protein vary during the cell cycle, which has been shown to be controlled by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis after initiation of DNA replication. This protein is found to be selectively phosphorylated during mitosis. It is also reported to interact with MYST histone acetyltransferase 2 (MyST2/HBO1), a protein involved in control of transcription silencing. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| DMKN | dermokine|This gene is upregulated in inflammatory diseases, and it was first observed as expressed in the differentiated layers of skin. The most interesting aspect of this gene is the differential use of promoters and terminators to generate isoforms with unique cellular distributions and domain components. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| TIGD4 | tigger transposable element derived 4|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the tigger subfamily of the pogo superfamily of DNA-mediated transposons in humans. These proteins are related to DNA transposons found in fungi and nematodes, and more distantly to the Tc1 and mariner transposases. They are also very similar to the major mammalian centromere protein B. The exact function of this gene is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DLG1 | discs, large homolog 1 (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a multi-domain scaffolding protein that is required for normal development. This protein may have a role in septate junction formation, signal transduction, cell proliferation, synaptogenesis and lymphocyte activation. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene, but the full-length nature of some of the variants is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| ABCC3 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MRP subfamily which is involved in multi-drug resistance. The specific function of this protein has not yet been determined; however, this protein may play a role in the transport of biliary and intestinal excretion of organic anions. Alternatively spliced variants which encode different protein isoforms have been described; however, not all variants have been fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C5orf55 | EXOC3 antisense RNA 1| |
| RCC1 | regulator of chromosome condensation 1| |
| RCC2 | regulator of chromosome condensation 2| |
| ZNF101 | zinc finger protein 101|Zinc finger proteins (ZNFs), such as ZNF101, bind nucleic acids and perform many key functions, the most important of which is regulating transcription (summary by Bellefroid et al., 1993 [PubMed 8467795]). See ZNF91 (MIM 603971) for general information on ZNFs.[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| SPATA7 | spermatogenesis associated 7|This gene, originally isolated from testis, is also expressed in retina. Mutations in this gene are associated with Leber congenital amaurosis and juvenile retinitis pigmentosa. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| SIGLEC8 | sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 8|Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin (Ig)-like lectins, or SIGLECs (e.g., CD33 (MIM 159590)), are a family of type 1 transmembrane proteins each having a unique expression pattern, mostly in hemopoietic cells. SIGLEC8 is a member of the CD33-like subgroup of SIGLECs, which are localized to 19q13.3-q13.4 and have 2 conserved cytoplasmic tyrosine-based motifs: an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif, or ITIM (see MIM 604964), and a motif homologous to one identified in signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM; MIM 603492) that mediates an association with SLAM-associated protein (SAP; MIM 300490) (summarized by Foussias et al., 2000 [PubMed 11095983]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2010] |
| SPATA5 | spermatogenesis associated 5| |
| TCP11L1 | t-complex 11, testis-specific-like 1| |
| SIGLEC5 | sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 5|This gene encodes a member of the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec) family. These cell surface lectins are characterized by structural motifs in the immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains and sialic acid recognition sites in the first Ig V set domain. The encoded protein is a member of the CD33-related subset of Siglecs and inhibits the activation of several cell types including monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils. Binding of group B Streptococcus (GBS) to the encoded protein plays a role in GBS immune evasion. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| SIGLEC6 | sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 6| |
| LINC00312 | long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 312| |
| FOLR1 | folate receptor 1 (adult)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the folate receptor family. Members of this gene family bind folic acid and its reduced derivatives, and transport 5-methyltetrahydrofolate into cells. This gene product is a secreted protein that either anchors to membranes via a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol linkage or exists in a soluble form. Mutations in this gene have been associated with neurodegeneration due to cerebral folate transport deficiency. Due to the presence of two promoters, multiple transcription start sites, and alternative splicing, multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| FOLR3 | folate receptor 3 (gamma)|This gene encodes a member of the folate receptor (FOLR) family, members of which have a high affinity for folic acid and for several reduced folic acid derivatives, and mediate delivery of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to the interior of cells. This gene includes two polymorphic variants; the shorter one has two base deletion in the CDS, resulting in a truncated polypeptide, compared to the longer one. Both protein products are constitutively secreted in hematopoietic tissues and are potential serum marker for certain hematopoietic malignancies. The longer protein has a 71% and 79% sequence homology with the FOLR1 and FOLR2 proteins, respectively. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DUOXA1 | dual oxidase maturation factor 1|Dual oxidases DUOX1 and DUOX2 are NADPH oxidases which are involved in hydrogen peroxide production necessary for thyroid hormonogenesis. They form a heterodimer with specific maturation factors DUOXA1 and DUOXA2, respectively, which is essential for the maturation and function of the DUOX enzyme complexes. This gene encodes the DUOX1 activator or maturation factor DUOXA1. Rat studies identified a bidirectional promoter which controls the transcription of the DUOX1 and DUOXA1 genes. This protein is cotransported to the cell surface when coexpressed with DUOX1 and is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum when expressed without DUOX1 protein. The expression of this gene or the DUOX1 gene is not suppressed by thyroglobulin (Tg), a macromolecular precursor in thyroid hormone synthesis, while the expression of the DUOX2 and DUOXA2 are significantly suppressed by the Tg. This protein is also a p53-regulated neurogenic factor involved in p53 dependent neuronal differentiation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| SSPN | sarcospan|This gene encodes a member of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC). The DGC spans the sarcolemma and is comprised of dystrophin, syntrophin, alpha- and beta-dystroglycans and sarcoglycans. The DGC provides a structural link between the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix of muscle cells. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| FGFR1OP2 | FGFR1 oncogene partner 2| |
| FHIT | fragile histidine triad|This gene, a member of the histidine triad gene family, encodes a diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P3-triphosphate hydrolase involved in purine metabolism. The gene encompasses the common fragile site FRA3B on chromosome 3, where carcinogen-induced damage can lead to translocations and aberrant transcripts of this gene. In fact, aberrant transcripts from this gene have been found in about half of all esophageal, stomach, and colon carcinomas. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| NCBP2 | nuclear cap binding protein subunit 2, 20kDa|The product of this gene is a component of the nuclear cap-binding protein complex (CBC), which binds to the monomethylated 5' cap of nascent pre-mRNA in the nucleoplasm. The encoded protein has an RNP domain commonly found in RNA binding proteins, and contains the cap-binding activity. The CBC promotes pre-mRNA splicing, 3'-end processing, RNA nuclear export, and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SSPO | SCO-spondin| |
| PROCA1 | protein interacting with cyclin A1| |
| TRAM1L1 | translocation associated membrane protein 1-like 1| |
| LAPTM5 | lysosomal protein transmembrane 5|This gene encodes a transmembrane receptor that is associated with lysosomes. The encoded protein, also known as E3 protein, may play a role in hematopoiesis. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| B2M | beta-2-microglobulin|This gene encodes a serum protein found in association with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chain on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells. The protein has a predominantly beta-pleated sheet structure that can form amyloid fibrils in some pathological conditions. The encoded antimicrobial protein displays antibacterial activity in amniotic fluid. A mutation in this gene has been shown to result in hypercatabolic hypoproteinemia.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014] |
| HSPA7 | heat shock 70kDa protein 7 (HSP70B)| |
| SQLE | squalene epoxidase|Squalene epoxidase catalyzes the first oxygenation step in sterol biosynthesis and is thought to be one of the rate-limiting enzymes in this pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HIST1H4F | histone cluster 1, H4f|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H4 family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the large histone gene cluster on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CNTROB | centrobin, centrosomal BRCA2 interacting protein|This gene encodes a centrosomal protein that interacts with BRCA2, and is required for centriole duplication and cytokinesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| CXCL12 | chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12|This antimicrobial gene encodes a stromal cell-derived alpha chemokine member of the intercrine family. The encoded protein functions as the ligand for the G-protein coupled receptor, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4, and plays a role in many diverse cellular functions, including embryogenesis, immune surveillance, inflammation response, tissue homeostasis, and tumor growth and metastasis. Mutations in this gene are associated with resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infections. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| CASKIN1 | CASK interacting protein 1| |
| NXF2B | nuclear RNA export factor 2B| |
| NR0B2 | nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2|The protein encoded by this gene is an unusual orphan receptor that contains a putative ligand-binding domain but lacks a conventional DNA-binding domain. The gene product is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor family, a group of transcription factors regulated by small hydrophobic hormones, a subset of which do not have known ligands and are referred to as orphan nuclear receptors. The protein has been shown to interact with retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors, inhibiting their ligand-dependent transcriptional activation. In addition, interaction with estrogen receptors has been demonstrated, leading to inhibition of function. Studies suggest that the protein represses nuclear hormone receptor-mediated transactivation via two separate steps: competition with coactivators and the direct effects of its transcriptional repressor function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NR0B1 | nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 1|This gene encodes a protein that contains a DNA-binding domain. The encoded protein acts as a dominant-negative regulator of transcription which is mediated by the retinoic acid receptor. This protein also functions as an anti-testis gene by acting antagonistically to Sry. Mutations in this gene result in both X-linked congenital adrenal hypoplasia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HSPA4 | heat shock 70kDa protein 4| |
| PTPLB | 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 2| |
| NELFB | negative elongation factor complex member B|NELFB is a subunit of negative elongation factor (NELF), which also includes NELFA (WHSC2; MIM 606026), either NELFC or NELFD (TH1L; MIM 605297), and NELFE (RDBP; MIM 154040). NELF acts with DRB sensitivity-inducing factor (DSIF), a heterodimer of SPT4 (SUPT4H1; MIM 603555) and SPT5 (SUPT5H; MIM 602102), to cause transcriptional pausing of RNA polymerase II (see MIM 180660) (Narita et al., 2003 [PubMed 12612062]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SPTLC2 | serine palmitoyltransferase, long chain base subunit 2|This gene encodes a long chain base subunit of serine palmitoyltransferase. Serine palmitoyltransferase, which consists of two different subunits, is the key enzyme in sphingolipid biosynthesis. It catalyzes the pyridoxal-5-prime-phosphate-dependent condensation of L-serine and palmitoyl-CoA to 3-oxosphinganine. Mutations in this gene were identified in patients with hereditary sensory neuropathy type I. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| SPTLC3 | serine palmitoyltransferase, long chain base subunit 3|The SPTLC3 gene encodes an isoform of the third subunit of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT; EC 2.3.1.50), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the de novo synthesis of sphingolipids (Hornemann et al., 2006 [PubMed 17023427]). SPT contains 2 main subunits: the common SPTLC1 subunit (MIM 605712) and either SPTLC2 (MIM 605713) or its isoform SPTLC2L (SPTLC3), depending on the tissue in which biosynthesis occurs (Hornemann et al., 2006 [PubMed 17023427]). There are also 2 highly related isoforms of a third subunit, SSSPTA (MIM 613540) and SSSPTB (MIM 610412), that confer acyl-CoA preference of the SPT enzyme and are essential for maximal enzyme activity (Han et al., 2009 [PubMed 19416851]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| SPTLC1 | serine palmitoyltransferase, long chain base subunit 1|This gene encodes a member of the class-II pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. The encoded protein is the long chain base subunit 1 of serine palmitoyltransferase. Serine palmitoyltransferase converts L-serine and palmitoyl-CoA to 3-oxosphinganine with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and is the key enzyme in sphingolipid biosynthesis. Mutations in this gene were identified in patients with hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1. Alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. Pseudogenes of this gene have been defined on chromosomes 1, 6, 10, and 13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| MEI1 | meiosis inhibitor 1| |
| ABCD3 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family D (ALD), member 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the ALD subfamily, which is involved in peroxisomal import of fatty acids and/or fatty acyl-CoAs in the organelle. All known peroxisomal ABC transporters are half transporters which require a partner half transporter molecule to form a functional homodimeric or heterodimeric transporter. This peroxisomal membrane protein likely plays an important role in peroxisome biogenesis. Mutations have been associated with some forms of Zellweger syndrome, a heterogeneous group of peroxisome assembly disorders. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ABCD2 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family D (ALD), member 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the ALD subfamily, which is involved in peroxisomal import of fatty acids and/or fatty acyl-CoAs in the organelle. All known peroxisomal ABC transporters are half transporters which require a partner half transporter molecule to form a functional homodimeric or heterodimeric transporter. The function of this peroxisomal membrane protein is unknown; however this protein is speculated to function as a dimerization partner of ABCD1 and/or other peroxisomal ABC transporters. Mutations in this gene have been observed in patients with adrenoleukodystrophy, a severe demyelinating disease. This gene has been identified as a candidate for a modifier gene, accounting for the extreme variation among adrenoleukodystrophy phenotypes. This gene is also a candidate for a complement group of Zellweger syndrome, a genetically heterogeneous disorder of peroxisomal biogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ABCD4 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family D (ALD), member 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the ALD subfamily, which is involved in peroxisomal import of fatty acids and/or fatty acyl-CoAs in the organelle. All known peroxisomal ABC transporters are half transporters which require a partner half transporter molecule to form a functional homodimeric or heterodimeric transporter. The function of this peroxisomal membrane protein is unknown. However, it is speculated that it may function as a heterodimer for another peroxisomal ABC transporter and, therefore, may modify the adrenoleukodystrophy phenotype. It may also play a role in the process of peroxisome biogenesis. Alternative splicing results in at least two different transcript variants, one which is protein-coding and one which is probably not protein-coding. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C2CD3 | C2 calcium-dependent domain containing 3|This gene encodes a protein that functions as a regulator of centriole elongation. Studies of the orthologous mouse protein show that it promotes centriolar distal appendage assembly and is also required for the recruitment of other ciliogenic proteins, including intraflagellar transport proteins. Mutations in this gene cause orofaciodigital syndrome XIV (OFD14), a ciliopathy resulting in malformations of the oral cavity, face and digits. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| C2CD2 | C2 calcium-dependent domain containing 2| |
| ZNF45 | zinc finger protein 45| |
| ZNF44 | zinc finger protein 44| |
| ZNF43 | zinc finger protein 43|This gene belongs to the C2H2-type zinc finger gene family. The zinc finger proteins are involved in gene regulation and development, and are quite conserved throughout evolution. Like this gene product, a third of the zinc finger proteins containing C2H2 fingers also contain the KRAB domain, which has been found to be involved in protein-protein interactions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF41 | zinc finger protein 41|This gene product is a likely zinc finger family transcription factor. It contains KRAB-A and KRAB-B domains that act as transcriptional repressors in related proteins, and multiple zinc finger DNA binding motifs and finger linking regions characteristic of the Kruppel family. This gene is part of a gene cluster on chromosome Xp11.23. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, however, the full-length nature of only some of them is known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ITGA3 | integrin, alpha 3 (antigen CD49C, alpha 3 subunit of VLA-3 receptor)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of integrins. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain, and function as cell surface adhesion molecules. This gene encodes alpha 3 subunit, which undergoes post-translational cleavage in the extracellular domain to yield disulfide-linked light and heavy chains that join with beta 1 subunit to form an integrin that interacts with many extracellular-matrix proteins. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| TRAPPC9 | trafficking protein particle complex 9|This gene encodes a protein that likely plays a role in NF-kappa-B signaling. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal-recessive mental retardation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| TRAPPC8 | trafficking protein particle complex 8| |
| TRAPPC1 | trafficking protein particle complex 1|This gene product plays a role in vesicular transport of proteins to the Golgi apparatus from the endoplasmic reticulum. The encoded protein is a component of the multisubunit transport protein particle (TRAPP) complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| TRAPPC3 | trafficking protein particle complex 3|This gene encodes a component of the trafficking protein particle complex, which tethers transport vesicles to the cis-Golgi membrane. The encoded protein participates in the regulation of transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| TRAPPC2 | trafficking protein particle complex 2|The protein encoded by this gene is thought to be part of a large multi-subunit complex involved in the targeting and fusion of endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transport vesicles with their acceptor compartment. In addition, the encoded protein can bind c-myc promoter-binding protein 1 and block its transcriptional repression capability. Mutations in this gene are a cause of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SEDT). A processed pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 19, and other pseudogenes are found on chromosomes 8 and Y. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| TRAPPC5 | trafficking protein particle complex 5| |
| TRAPPC4 | trafficking protein particle complex 4| |
| PRPH | peripherin|This gene encodes a cytoskeletal protein found in neurons of the peripheral nervous system. The encoded protein is a type III intermediate filament protein with homology to other cytoskeletal proteins such as desmin, and is a different protein that the peripherin found in photoreceptors. Mutations in this gene have been associated with susceptibility to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BAK1 | BCL2-antagonist/killer 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the BCL2 protein family. BCL2 family members form oligomers or heterodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. This protein localizes to mitochondria, and functions to induce apoptosis. It interacts with and accelerates the opening of the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel, which leads to a loss in membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c. This protein also interacts with the tumor suppressor P53 after exposure to cell stress. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OR2AG1 | olfactory receptor, family 2, subfamily AG, member 1 (gene/pseudogene)|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CSN2 | casein beta|This gene is a member of the beta casein family. There are two types of casein protein, beta (encoded by this gene) and kappa, both of which are secreted in human milk. Beta casein is the principal protein in human milk and the primary source of essential amino acids for a suckling infant. Beta and kappa casein proteins acting together form spherical micelles which bind within them important dietary minerals, such as calcium and phosphorous. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| CSN3 | casein kappa| |
| RHBG | Rh family, B glycoprotein (gene/pseudogene)|This gene encodes one of two non-erythroid members of the Rhesus (Rh) protein family. Non-erythroid Rh protein family members are mainly expressed in the kidney and belong to the methylammonium-ammonium permease/ammonia transporters superfamily. All Rh family proteins are predicted to be transmembrane proteins with 12 membrane spanning domains and intracytoplasmic N- and C-termini. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| PPP1R14A | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 14A|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) inhibitor family. This protein is an inhibitor of smooth muscle myosin phosphatase, and has higher inhibitory activity when phosphorylated. Inhibition of myosin phosphatase leads to increased myosin phosphorylation and enhanced smooth muscle contraction. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| PNISR | PNN-interacting serine/arginine-rich protein| |
| ST6GALNAC3 | ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 3|ST6GALNAC3 belongs to a family of sialyltransferases that transfer sialic acids from CMP-sialic acid to terminal positions of carbohydrate groups in glycoproteins and glycolipids (Lee et al., 1999 [PubMed 10207017]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| KIAA1279 | KIF1 binding protein|This gene encodes a kinesin family member 1 binding protein that is characterized by two tetratrico peptide repeats. The encoded protein localizes to the mitochondria and may be involved in regulating transport of the mitochondria. Mutations in this gene are associated with Goldberg-Shprintzen megacolon syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| PRRT3 | proline-rich transmembrane protein 3| |
| PFN1 | profilin 1|This gene encodes a member of the profilin family of small actin-binding proteins. The encoded protein plays an important role in actin dynamics by regulating actin polymerization in response to extracellular signals. Deletion of this gene is associated with Miller-Dieker syndrome, and the encoded protein may also play a role in Huntington disease. Multiple pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| CYP2U1 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily U, polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This enzyme is a hydroxylase that metabolizes arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and other long chain fatty acids. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LILRB5 | leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor, subfamily B (with TM and ITIM domains), member 5|This gene is a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family, which is found in a gene cluster at chromosomal region 19q13.4. The encoded protein belongs to the subfamily B class of LIR receptors which contain two or four extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a transmembrane domain, and two to four cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). Several other LIR subfamily B receptors are expressed on immune cells where they bind to MHC class I molecules on antigen-presenting cells and inhibit stimulation of an immune response. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LILRB4 | leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor, subfamily B (with TM and ITIM domains), member 4|This gene is a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family, which is found in a gene cluster at chromosomal region 19q13.4. The encoded protein belongs to the subfamily B class of LIR receptors which contain two or four extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a transmembrane domain, and two to four cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). The receptor is expressed on immune cells where it binds to MHC class I molecules on antigen-presenting cells and transduces a negative signal that inhibits stimulation of an immune response. The receptor can also function in antigen capture and presentation. It is thought to control inflammatory responses and cytotoxicity to help focus the immune response and limit autoreactivity. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LILRB2 | leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor, subfamily B (with TM and ITIM domains), member 2|This gene is a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family, which is found in a gene cluster at chromosomal region 19q13.4. The encoded protein belongs to the subfamily B class of LIR receptors which contain two or four extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a transmembrane domain, and two to four cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). The receptor is expressed on immune cells where it binds to MHC class I molecules on antigen-presenting cells and transduces a negative signal that inhibits stimulation of an immune response. It is thought to control inflammatory responses and cytotoxicity to help focus the immune response and limit autoreactivity. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LILRB1 | leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor, subfamily B (with TM and ITIM domains), member 1|This gene is a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family, which is found in a gene cluster at chromosomal region 19q13.4. The encoded protein belongs to the subfamily B class of LIR receptors which contain two or four extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a transmembrane domain, and two to four cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). The receptor is expressed on immune cells where it binds to MHC class I molecules on antigen-presenting cells and transduces a negative signal that inhibits stimulation of an immune response. It is thought to control inflammatory responses and cytotoxicity to help focus the immune response and limit autoreactivity. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DGAT1 | diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1|This gene encodes an multipass transmembrane protein that functions as a key metabolic enzyme. The encoded protein catalyzes the conversion of diacylglycerol and fatty acyl CoA to triacylglycerol. This enzyme can also transfer acyl CoA to retinol. Activity of this protein may be associated with obesity and other metabolic diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| KIR2DS4 | killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, two domains, short cytoplasmic tail, 4|Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DGAT2 | diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2|This gene encodes one of two enzymes which catalyzes the final reaction in the synthesis of triglycerides in which diacylglycerol is covalently bound to long chain fatty acyl-CoAs. The encoded protein catalyzes this reaction at low concentrations of magnesium chloride while the other enzyme has high activity at high concentrations of magnesium chloride. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| KIR2DS2 | killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, two domains, short cytoplasmic tail, 2|Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. This gene represents a haplotype-specific family member that encodes a protein with a short cytoplasmic tail. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| KIR2DS3 | killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, two domains, short cytoplasmic tail, 3|Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MTCP1 | mature T-cell proliferation 1|This gene was identified by involvement in some t(X;14) translocations associated with mature T-cell proliferations. This region has a complex gene structure, with a common promoter and 5' exon spliced to two different sets of 3' exons that encode two different proteins. This gene represents the upstream 13 kDa protein that is a member of the TCL1 family. This protein may be involved in leukemogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| KIR2DS1 | killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, two domains, short cytoplasmic tail, 1|Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PSMG4 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) assembly chaperone 4| |
| TBC1D10B | TBC1 domain family, member 10B|Small G proteins of the RAB family (see MIM 179508) function in intracellular vesicle trafficking by switching from the GTP-bound state to the GDP-bound state with the assistance of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs; see MIM 609700) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). TBC1D10B functions as a GAP for several proteins of the Rab family (Ishibashi et al., 2009 [PubMed 19077034]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| GRAP2 | GRB2-related adaptor protein 2|This gene encodes a member of the GRB2/Sem5/Drk family. This member is an adaptor-like protein involved in leukocyte-specific protein-tyrosine kinase signaling. Like its related family member, GRB2-related adaptor protein (GRAP), this protein contains an SH2 domain flanked by two SH3 domains. This protein interacts with other proteins, such as GRB2-associated binding protein 1 (GAB1) and the SLP-76 leukocyte protein (LCP2), through its SH3 domains. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| SOBP | sine oculis binding protein homolog (Drosophila)|The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear zinc finger protein that is involved in development of the cochlea. Defects in this gene have also been linked to intellectual disability. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| PSMG1 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) assembly chaperone 1| |
| PSMG2 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) assembly chaperone 2| |
| PSMG3 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) assembly chaperone 3| |
| KSR1 | kinase suppressor of ras 1| |
| KSR2 | kinase suppressor of ras 2| |
| DSEL | dermatan sulfate epimerase-like| |
| CHML | choroideremia-like (Rab escort protein 2)|The product of the CHML gene supports geranylgeranylation of most Rab proteins and may substitute for REP-1 in tissues other than retina. CHML is localized close to the gene for Usher syndrome type II. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GRAPL | GRB2-related adaptor protein-like| |
| PPIG | peptidylprolyl isomerase G (cyclophilin G)| |
| CNTFR | ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor|This gene encodes a member of the type 1 cytokine receptor family. The encoded protein is the ligand-specific component of a tripartite receptor for ciliary neurotrophic factor, which plays a critical role in neuronal cell survival, differentiation and gene expression. Binding of ciliary neurotrophic factor to the encoded protein recruits the transmembrane components of the receptor, gp130 and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor, facilitating signal transduction. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with variations in muscle strength, as well as early onset of eating disorders. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| TACR3 | tachykinin receptor 3|This gene belongs to a family of genes that function as receptors for tachykinins. Receptor affinities are specified by variations in the 5'-end of the sequence. The receptors belonging to this family are characterized by interactions with G proteins and 7 hydrophobic transmembrane regions. This gene encodes the receptor for the tachykinin neurokinin 3, also referred to as neurokinin B. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TACR2 | tachykinin receptor 2|This gene belongs to a family of genes that function as receptors for tachykinins. Receptor affinities are specified by variations in the 5'-end of the sequence. The receptors belonging to this family are characterized by interactions with G proteins and 7 hydrophobic transmembrane regions. This gene encodes the receptor for the tachykinin neuropeptide substance K, also referred to as neurokinin A. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TACR1 | tachykinin receptor 1|This gene belongs to a gene family of tachykinin receptors. These tachykinin receptors are characterized by interactions with G proteins and contain seven hydrophobic transmembrane regions. This gene encodes the receptor for the tachykinin substance P, also referred to as neurokinin 1. The encoded protein is also involved in the mediation of phosphatidylinositol metabolism of substance P. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| KCNH5 | potassium channel, voltage gated eag related subfamily H, member 5|This gene encodes a member of voltage-gated potassium channels. Members of this family have diverse functions, including regulating neurotransmitter and hormone release, cardiac function, and cell volume. This protein is an outward-rectifying, noninactivating channel. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| KCNH4 | potassium channel, voltage gated eag related subfamily H, member 4|Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, subfamily H. This member is a pore-forming (alpha) subunit. The gene is brain-specific, and located in the neocortex and the striatum. It may be involved in cellular excitability of restricted neurons in the central nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNH7 | potassium channel, voltage gated eag related subfamily H, member 7|Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, subfamily H. This member is a pore-forming (alpha) subunit. There are at least two alternatively spliced transcript variants derived from this gene and encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C14orf1 | chromosome 14 open reading frame 1| |
| KCNH1 | potassium channel, voltage gated eag related subfamily H, member 1|Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, subfamily H. This member is a pore-forming (alpha) subunit of a voltage-gated non-inactivating delayed rectifier potassium channel. It is activated at the onset of myoblast differentiation. The gene is highly expressed in brain and in myoblasts. Overexpression of the gene may confer a growth advantage to cancer cells and favor tumor cell proliferation. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNH2 | potassium channel, voltage gated eag related subfamily H, member 2|This gene encodes a voltage-activated potassium channel belonging to the eag family. It shares sequence similarity with the Drosophila ether-a-go-go (eag) gene. Mutations in this gene can cause long QT syndrome type 2 (LQT2). Transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCDC85C | coiled-coil domain containing 85C| |
| PPTC7 | PTC7 protein phosphatase homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| SLC28A2 | solute carrier family 28 (concentrative nucleoside transporter), member 2| |
| PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A)|This gene encodes a member of the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) family. PPIases catalyze the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides and accelerate the folding of proteins. The encoded protein is a cyclosporin binding-protein and may play a role in cyclosporin A-mediated immunosuppression. The protein can also interact with several HIV proteins, including p55 gag, Vpr, and capsid protein, and has been shown to be necessary for the formation of infectious HIV virions. Multiple pseudogenes that map to different chromosomes have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SERBP1 | SERPINE1 mRNA binding protein 1| |
| MRPL53 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L53|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 1p. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C9orf117 | chromosome 9 open reading frame 117| |
| PPP4C | protein phosphatase 4, catalytic subunit| |
| C9orf114 | chromosome 9 open reading frame 114| |
| SLC28A1 | solute carrier family 28 (concentrative nucleoside transporter), member 1| |
| EEF1G | eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 gamma|This gene encodes a subunit of the elongation factor-1 complex, which is responsible for the enzymatic delivery of aminoacyl tRNAs to the ribosome. This subunit contains an N-terminal glutathione transferase domain, which may be involved in regulating the assembly of multisubunit complexes containing this elongation factor and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PIK3CD | phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit delta|Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) phosphorylate inositol lipids and are involved in the immune response. The protein encoded by this gene is a class I PI3K found primarily in leukocytes. Like other class I PI3Ks (p110-alpha p110-beta, and p110-gamma), the encoded protein binds p85 adapter proteins and GTP-bound RAS. However, unlike the other class I PI3Ks, this protein phosphorylates itself, not p85 protein.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| LIN37 | lin-37 DREAM MuvB core complex component|This gene encodes a protein expressed in the eye. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CYP11B2 | cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the mitochondrial inner membrane. The enzyme has steroid 18-hydroxylase activity to synthesize aldosterone and 18-oxocortisol as well as steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase activity. Mutations in this gene cause corticosterone methyl oxidase deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NDUFAF5 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex I, assembly factor 5|The NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex (complex I) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone, and consists of at least 43 subunits. The complex is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This gene encodes a mitochondrial protein that is associated with the matrix face of the mitochondrial inner membrane and is required for complex I assembly. A mutation in this gene results in mitochondrial complex I deficiency. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| KIAA0586 | KIAA0586| |
| NDUFAF7 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex I, assembly factor 7| |
| NDUFAF6 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex I, assembly factor 6|This gene encodes a protein that localizes to mitochondria and contains a predicted phytoene synthase domain. The encoded protein plays an important role in the assembly of complex I (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain through regulation of subunit ND1 biogenesis. Mutations in this gene are associated with complex I enzymatic deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| NDUFAF1 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex I, assembly factor 1|This gene encodes a complex I assembly factor protein. Complex I (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) in the first step of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, resulting in the translocation of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The encoded protein is required for assembly of complex I, and mutations in this gene are a cause of mitochondrial complex I deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 19. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| NDUFAF3 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex I, assembly factor 3|This gene encodes a mitochondrial complex I assembly protein that interacts with complex I subunits. Mutations in this gene cause mitochondrial complex I deficiency, a fatal neonatal disorder of the oxidative phosphorylation system. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| NDUFAF2 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex I, assembly factor 2|NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) in the first step of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, resulting in the translocation of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This gene encodes a complex I assembly factor. Mutations in this gene cause progressive encephalopathy resulting from mitochondrial complex I deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OR2H1 | olfactory receptor, family 2, subfamily H, member 1|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GDAP2 | ganglioside induced differentiation associated protein 2| |
| GDAP1 | ganglioside induced differentiation associated protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein family, which may play a role in a signal transduction pathway during neuronal development. Mutations in this gene have been associated with various forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease and neuropathy. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms and a noncoding variant have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| SNTB1 | syntrophin, beta 1 (dystrophin-associated protein A1, 59kDa, basic component 1)|Dystrophin is a large, rod-like cytoskeletal protein found at the inner surface of muscle fibers. Dystrophin is missing in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy patients and is present in reduced amounts in Becker Muscular Dystrophy patients. The protein encoded by this gene is a peripheral membrane protein found associated with dystrophin and dystrophin-related proteins. This gene is a member of the syntrophin gene family, which contains at least two other structurally-related genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C16orf89 | chromosome 16 open reading frame 89|This gene is expressed predominantly in the thyroid. Based on expression patterns similar to thyroid transcription factors and proteins, this gene may function in the development and function of the thyroid. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| FAHD1 | fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain containing 1| |
| GCSH | glycine cleavage system protein H (aminomethyl carrier)|Degradation of glycine is brought about by the glycine cleavage system, which is composed of four mitochondrial protein components: P protein (a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent glycine decarboxylase), H protein (a lipoic acid-containing protein), T protein (a tetrahydrofolate-requiring enzyme), and L protein (a lipoamide dehydrogenase). The protein encoded by this gene is the H protein, which transfers the methylamine group of glycine from the P protein to the T protein. Defects in this gene are a cause of nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH). Two transcript variants, one protein-coding and the other probably not protein-coding,have been found for this gene. Also, several transcribed and non-transcribed pseudogenes of this gene exist throughout the genome.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| AP3D1 | adaptor-related protein complex 3, delta 1 subunit|The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the AP3 adaptor-like complex, which is not clathrin-associated, but is associated with the golgi region, as well as more peripheral structures. The AP-3 complex facilitates the budding of vesicles from the golgi membrane, and may be directly involved in trafficking to lysosomes. This subunit is implicated in intracellular biogenesis and trafficking of pigment granules, and possibly platelet dense granules and neurotransmitter vesicles. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| PTTG1 | pituitary tumor-transforming 1|The encoded protein is a homolog of yeast securin proteins, which prevent separins from promoting sister chromatid separation. It is an anaphase-promoting complex (APC) substrate that associates with a separin until activation of the APC. The gene product has transforming activity in vitro and tumorigenic activity in vivo, and the gene is highly expressed in various tumors. The gene product contains 2 PXXP motifs, which are required for its transforming and tumorigenic activities, as well as for its stimulation of basic fibroblast growth factor expression. It also contains a destruction box (D box) that is required for its degradation by the APC. The acidic C-terminal region of the encoded protein can act as a transactivation domain. The gene product is mainly a cytosolic protein, although it partially localizes in the nucleus. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| FAM213B | family with sequence similarity 213, member B| |
| SZT2 | seizure threshold 2 homolog (mouse)|The protein encoded by this gene is expressed in the brain, predominantly in the parietal and frontal cortex as well as in dorsal root ganglia. It is localized to the peroxisome, and is implicated in resistance to oxidative stress. It likely functions by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, but itself has no direct SOD activity. Studies in mice show that this gene confers low seizure threshold, and may also enhance epileptogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| ILDR2 | immunoglobulin-like domain containing receptor 2| |
| KREMEN1 | kringle containing transmembrane protein 1|This gene encodes a high-affinity dickkopf homolog 1 (DKK1) transmembrane receptor that functionally cooperates with DKK1 to block wingless (WNT)/beta-catenin signaling. The encoded protein is a component of a membrane complex that modulates canonical WNT signaling through lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6). It contains extracellular kringle, WSC, and CUB domains. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GLTP | glycolipid transfer protein|The protein encoded by this gene is similar to bovine and porcine proteins which accelerate transfer of certain glycosphingolipids and glyceroglycolipids between membranes. It is thought to be a cytoplasmic protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM71E2 | family with sequence similarity 71, member E2| |
| ZSWIM3 | zinc finger, SWIM-type containing 3| |
| SULT1A1 | sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 1|Sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and xenobiotic compounds. These cytosolic enzymes are different in their tissue distributions and substrate specificities. The gene structure (number and length of exons) is similar among family members. This gene encodes one of two phenol sulfotransferases with thermostable enzyme activity. Multiple alternatively spliced variants that encode two isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SULT1A2 | sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 2|Sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and xenobiotic compounds. These cytosolic enzymes are different in their tissue distributions and substrate specificities. The gene structure (number and length of exons) is similar among family members. This gene encodes one of two phenol sulfotransferases with thermostable enzyme activity. Two alternatively spliced variants that encode the same protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BARX2 | BARX homeobox 2|This gene encodes a member of the homeobox transcription factor family. A highly related protein in mouse has been shown to influence cellular processes that control cell adhesion and remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton in myoblast fusion and chondrogenesis. The encoded protein may also play a role in cancer progression. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRND | prion protein 2 (dublet)|This gene is found on chromosome 20, approximately 20 kbp downstream of the gene encoding cellular prion protein, to which it is biochemically and structurally similar. The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that is found predominantly in testis. Mutations in this gene may lead to neurological disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CABYR | calcium binding tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated|To reach fertilization competence, spermatozoa undergo a series of morphological and molecular maturational processes, termed capacitation, involving protein tyrosine phosphorylation and increased intracellular calcium. The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the principal piece of the sperm flagellum in association with the fibrous sheath and exhibits calcium-binding when phosphorylated during capacitation. A pseudogene on chromosome 3 has been identified for this gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct protein isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| BARX1 | BARX homeobox 1|This gene encodes a member of the Bar subclass of homeobox transcription factors. Studies of the mouse and chick homolog suggest the encoded protein may play a role in developing teeth and craniofacial mesenchyme of neural crest origin. The protein may also be associated with differentiation of stomach epithelia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NOL9 | nucleolar protein 9| |
| SH2B3 | SH2B adaptor protein 3|This gene encodes a member of the SH2B adaptor family of proteins, which are involved in a range of signaling activities by growth factor and cytokine receptors. The encoded protein is a key negative regulator of cytokine signaling and plays a critical role in hematopoiesis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with susceptibility to celiac disease type 13 and susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| CHTF18 | CTF18, chromosome transmission fidelity factor 18 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|CHTF18, CHTF8 (MIM 613202), and DCC1 (DSCC1; MIM 613203) are components of an alternative replication factor C (RFC) (see MIM 600404) complex that loads PCNA (MIM 176740) onto DNA during S phase of the cell cycle (Merkle et al., 2003 [PubMed 12766176]; Bermudez et al., 2003 [PubMed 12930902]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2009] |
| C19orf18 | chromosome 19 open reading frame 18| |
| NOL4 | nucleolar protein 4| |
| SAR1B | secretion associated, Ras related GTPase 1B|The protein encoded by this gene is a small GTPase that acts as a homodimer. The encoded protein is activated by the guanine nucleotide exchange factor PREB and is involved in protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi. This protein is part of the COPII coat complex. Defects in this gene are a cause of chylomicron retention disease (CMRD), also known as Anderson disease (ANDD). Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| NOL6 | nucleolar protein 6 (RNA-associated)|The nucleolus is a dense subnuclear membraneless organelle that assembles around clusters of rRNA genes and functions in ribosome biogenesis. This gene encodes a nucleolar RNA-associated protein that is highly conserved between species. RNase treatment of permeabilized cells indicates that the nucleolar localization is RNA dependent. Further studies suggest that the protein is associated with ribosome biogenesis through an interaction with pre-rRNA primary transcripts. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and two splice variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OLIG2 | oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2|This gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor which is expressed in oligodendroglial tumors of the brain. The protein is an essential regulator of ventral neuroectodermal progenitor cell fate. The gene is involved in a chromosomal translocation t(14;21)(q11.2;q22) associated with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Its chromosomal location is within a region of chromosome 21 which has been suggested to play a role in learning deficits associated with Down syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C19orf12 | chromosome 19 open reading frame 12|This gene encodes a small transmembrane protein. Mutations in this gene are a cause of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation-4 (NBIA4), but the specific function of the encoded protein is unknown. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| NOL3 | nucleolar protein 3 (apoptosis repressor with CARD domain)|This gene encodes an anti-apoptotic protein that has been shown to down-regulate the enzyme activities of caspase 2, caspase 8 and tumor protein p53. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| OLIG1 | oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1| |
| NIPSNAP1 | nipsnap homolog 1 (C. elegans)|This gene encodes a member of the NipSnap family of proteins that may be involved in vesicular transport. A similar protein in mice inhibits the calcium channel TRPV6, and is also localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane where it may play a role in mitochondrial DNA maintenance. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 17. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| FAM156B | family with sequence similarity 156, member B| |
| ZSWIM8 | zinc finger, SWIM-type containing 8| |
| DCAKD | dephospho-CoA kinase domain containing| |
| CLPTM1 | cleft lip and palate associated transmembrane protein 1| |
| CDC45 | cell division cycle 45|The protein encoded by this gene was identified by its strong similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc45, an essential protein required to the initiation of DNA replication. Cdc45 is a member of the highly conserved multiprotein complex including Cdc6/Cdc18, the minichromosome maintenance proteins (MCMs) and DNA polymerase, which is important for early steps of DNA replication in eukaryotes. This protein has been shown to interact with MCM7 and DNA polymerase alpha. Studies of the similar gene in Xenopus suggested that this protein play a pivotal role in the loading of DNA polymerase alpha onto chromatin. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| CDC40 | cell division cycle 40|Pre-mRNA splicing occurs in two sequential transesterification steps. The protein encoded by this gene is found to be essential for the catalytic step II in pre-mRNA splicing process. It is found in the spliceosome, and contains seven WD repeats, which function in protein-protein interactions. This protein has a sequence similarity to yeast Prp17 protein, which functions in two different cellular processes: pre-mRNA splicing and cell cycle progression. It suggests that this protein may play a role in cell cycle progression. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDC42 | cell division cycle 42|The protein encoded by this gene is a small GTPase of the Rho-subfamily, which regulates signaling pathways that control diverse cellular functions including cell morphology, migration, endocytosis and cell cycle progression. This protein is highly similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc 42, and is able to complement the yeast cdc42-1 mutant. The product of oncogene Dbl was reported to specifically catalyze the dissociation of GDP from this protein. This protein could regulate actin polymerization through its direct binding to Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP), which subsequently activates Arp2/3 complex. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene have been identified on chromosomes 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 20. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2013] |
| UNK | unkempt family zinc finger| |
| NADSYN1 | NAD synthetase 1|Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme in metabolic redox reactions, a precursor for several cell signaling molecules, and a substrate for protein posttranslational modifications. NAD synthetase (EC 6.3.5.1) catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of NAD from nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NaAD).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| UPK3B | uroplakin 3B|UPK3B is a minor component of the apical plaques of mammalian urothelium that binds and dimerizes with uroplakin-1b (UPK1B; MIM 602380), one of the major conserved urothelium membrane proteins. The other major conserved integral membrane proteins of urothelial plaques are UPK1A (MIM 611557), UPK2 (MIM 611558), and UPK3A (MIM 611559) (Deng et al., 2002 [PubMed 12446744]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PGLYRP1 | peptidoglycan recognition protein 1| |
| CHAF1A | chromatin assembly factor 1, subunit A (p150)|Chromatin assembly factor I (CAF1) is a nuclear complex consisting of p50, p60 (CHAF1B; MIM 601245), and p150 (CHAF1A) subunits that assembles histone octamers onto replicating DNA in vitro (Kaufman et al., 1995 [PubMed 7600578]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PDDC1 | Parkinson disease 7 domain containing 1| |
| CHAF1B | chromatin assembly factor 1, subunit B (p60)|Chromatin assembly factor I (CAF-I) is required for the assembly of histone octamers onto newly-replicated DNA. CAF-I is composed of three protein subunits, p50, p60, and p150. The protein encoded by this gene corresponds to the p60 subunit and is required for chromatin assembly after replication. The encoded protein is differentially phosphorylated in a cell cycle-dependent manner. In addition, it is normally found in the nucleus except during mitosis, when it is released into the cytoplasm. This protein is a member of the WD-repeat HIR1 family and may also be involved in DNA repair. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BIN1 | bridging integrator 1|This gene encodes several isoforms of a nucleocytoplasmic adaptor protein, one of which was initially identified as a MYC-interacting protein with features of a tumor suppressor. Isoforms that are expressed in the central nervous system may be involved in synaptic vesicle endocytosis and may interact with dynamin, synaptojanin, endophilin, and clathrin. Isoforms that are expressed in muscle and ubiquitously expressed isoforms localize to the cytoplasm and nucleus and activate a caspase-independent apoptotic process. Studies in mouse suggest that this gene plays an important role in cardiac muscle development. Alternate splicing of the gene results in ten transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Aberrant splice variants expressed in tumor cell lines have also been described. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| BIN3 | bridging integrator 3|The product of this gene is a member of the BAR domain protein family. The encoded protein is comprised solely of a BAR domain which is predicted to form coiled-coil structures and proposed to mediate dimerization, sense and induce membrane curvature, and bind small GTPases. BAR domain proteins have been implicated in endocytosis, intracellular transport, and a diverse set of other processes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BIN2 | bridging integrator 2| |
| FRMD4A | FERM domain containing 4A| |
| RGS22 | regulator of G-protein signaling 22| |
| RGS21 | regulator of G-protein signaling 21|Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins are regulatory and structural components of G protein-coupled receptor complexes. RGS proteins are GTPase-activating proteins for Gi (see GNAI1; MIM 139310) and Gq (see GNAQ; MIM 600998) class G-alpha proteins. They accelerate transit through the cycle of GTP binding and hydrolysis and thereby accelerate signaling kinetics and termination.[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2008] |
| RGS20 | regulator of G-protein signaling 20|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins, which are regulatory and structural components of G protein-coupled receptor complexes. RGS proteins inhibit signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound forms. This protein selectively binds to G(z)-alpha and G(alpha)-i2 subunits, and regulates their signaling activities. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| DPYD | dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase|The protein encoded by this gene is a pyrimidine catabolic enzyme and the initial and rate-limiting factor in the pathway of uracil and thymidine catabolism. Mutations in this gene result in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency, an error in pyrimidine metabolism associated with thymine-uraciluria and an increased risk of toxicity in cancer patients receiving 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| EFHC2 | EF-hand domain (C-terminal) containing 2|This gene encodes a protein which contains three DM10 domains and three calcium-binding EF-hand motifs. A related protein is encoded by a gene on chromosome 6. It has been suggested that both proteins are involved in the development of epilepsy (PMID: 15258581, 16112844) and that this gene may be associated with fear recognition in individuals with Turner syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| UBTF | upstream binding transcription factor, RNA polymerase I|This gene encodes a member of the HMG-box DNA-binding protein family. The encoded protein plays a critical role in ribosomal RNA transcription as a key component of the pre-initiation complex, mediating the recruitment of RNA polymerase I to rDNA promoter regions. The encoded protein may also play important roles in chromatin remodeling and pre-rRNA processing, and its activity is regulated by both phosphorylation and acetylation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on the short arm of chromosomes 3, 11 and X and the long arm of chromosome 11. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| CDCA2 | cell division cycle associated 2| |
| CDCA3 | cell division cycle associated 3| |
| YLPM1 | YLP motif containing 1| |
| CDCA7 | cell division cycle associated 7|This gene was identified as a c-Myc responsive gene, and behaves as a direct c-Myc target gene. Overexpression of this gene is found to enhance the transformation of lymphoblastoid cells, and it complements a transformation-defective Myc Box II mutant, suggesting its involvement in c-Myc-mediated cell transformation. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDCA4 | cell division cycle associated 4|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the E2F family of transcription factors. This protein regulates E2F-dependent transcriptional activation and cell proliferation, mainly through the E2F/retinoblastoma protein pathway. It also functions in the regulation of JUN oncogene expression. This protein shows distinctive nuclear-mitotic apparatus distribution, it is involved in spindle organization from prometaphase, and may also play a role as a midzone factor involved in chromosome segregation or cytokinesis. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been noted for this gene. Two pseudogenes have also been identified on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| MUC2 | mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming|This gene encodes a member of the mucin protein family. Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins produced by many epithelial tissues. The protein encoded by this gene is secreted and forms an insoluble mucous barrier that protects the gut lumen. The protein polymerizes into a gel of which 80% is composed of oligosaccharide side chains by weight. The protein features a central domain containing tandem repeats rich in threonine and proline that varies between 50 and 115 copies in different individuals. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but their full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TIMM50 | translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 50 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| PIN4 | peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 4|This gene encodes a member of the parvulin subfamily of the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase protein family. The encoded protein catalyzes the isomerization of peptidylprolyl bonds, and may play a role in the cell cycle, chromatin remodeling, and/or ribosome biogenesis. The encoded protein may play an additional role in the mitochondria. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| GFAP | glial fibrillary acidic protein|This gene encodes one of the major intermediate filament proteins of mature astrocytes. It is used as a marker to distinguish astrocytes from other glial cells during development. Mutations in this gene cause Alexander disease, a rare disorder of astrocytes in the central nervous system. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| UTS2 | urotensin 2|This gene encodes a mature peptide that is an active cyclic heptapeptide absolutely conserved from lamprey to human. The active peptide acts as a vasoconstrictor and is expressed only in brain tissue. Despite the gene family name similarity, this gene is not homologous to urocortin, a member of the sauvagine/corticotropin-releasing factor/urotensin I family. Most of the proprotein is cleaved to make the mature peptide. Transcript variants encoding different preproprotein isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CRB1 | crumbs family member 1, photoreceptor morphogenesis associated|This gene encodes a protein which is similar to the Drosophila crumbs protein and localizes to the inner segment of mammalian photoreceptors. In Drosophila crumbs localizes to the stalk of the fly photoreceptor and may be a component of the molecular scaffold that controls proper development of polarity in the eye. Mutations in this gene are associated with a severe form of retinitis pigmentosa, RP12, and with Leber congenital amaurosis. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants, some protein coding and some non-protein coding.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| GPR98 | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor V1|This gene encodes a member of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily. The encoded protein contains a 7-transmembrane receptor domain, binds calcium and is expressed in the central nervous system. Mutations in this gene are associated with Usher syndrome 2 and familial febrile seizures. Several alternatively spliced transcripts have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RSF1 | remodeling and spacing factor 1|This gene encodes a nuclear protein that interacts with hepatitis B virus X protein (HBX) and facilitates transcription of hepatitis B virus genes by the HBX transcription activator, suggesting a role for this interaction in the virus life cycle. This protein also interacts with SNF2H protein to form the RSF chromatin-remodeling complex, where the SNF2H subunit functions as the nucleosome-dependent ATPase, and this protein as the histone chaperone. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| VPS53 | vacuolar protein sorting 53 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a protein with sequence similarity to the yeast Vps53p protein. Vps53p is involved in retrograde vesicle trafficking in late Golgi. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SMC4 | structural maintenance of chromosomes 4|Members of the structural maintenance of chromosomes, or SMC, family (e.g., SMC1A; MIM 300040) are critical for mitotic chromosome condensation in frogs and for DNA repair in mammals.[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| ALKBH7 | alkB, alkylation repair homolog 7 (E. coli)| |
| CRB2 | crumbs family member 2| |
| SASH3 | SAM and SH3 domain containing 3|The protein encoded by this gene contains a Src homology-3 (SH3) domain and a sterile alpha motif (SAM), both of which are found in proteins involved in cell signaling. This protein may function as a signaling adapter protein in lymphocytes.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| SASH1 | SAM and SH3 domain containing 1| |
| TCL1B | T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 1B| |
| TCL1A | T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 1A|Overexpression of the TCL1 gene in humans has been implicated in the development of mature T cell leukemia, in which chromosomal rearrangements bring the TCL1 gene in close proximity to the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR)-alpha (MIM 186880) or TCR-beta (MIM 186930) regulatory elements (summarized by Virgilio et al., 1998 [PubMed 9520462]). In normal T cells TCL1 is expressed in CD4-/CD8- cells, but not in cells at later stages of differentiation. TCL1 functions as a coactivator of the cell survival kinase AKT (MIM 164730) (Laine et al., 2000 [PubMed 10983986]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2010] |
| ALKBH5 | AlkB family member 5, RNA demethylase| |
| RNF32 | ring finger protein 32|The protein encoded by this gene contains two RING ring finger motifs. RING finger motifs are present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and are known to be involved in protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions. This gene was found to be expressed during spermatogenesis, most likely in spermatocytes and/or in spermatids. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| CYB5A | cytochrome b5 type A (microsomal)|The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane-bound cytochrome that reduces ferric hemoglobin (methemoglobin) to ferrous hemoglobin, which is required for stearyl-CoA-desaturase activity. Defects in this gene are a cause of type IV hereditary methemoglobinemia. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| CYB5B | cytochrome b5 type B (outer mitochondrial membrane)| |
| RPS26P11 | ribosomal protein S26 pseudogene 11| |
| POU3F3 | POU class 3 homeobox 3|This gene encodes a POU-domain containing protein that functions as a transcription factor. The encoded protein recognizes an octamer sequence in the DNA of target genes. This protein may play a role in development of the nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| CLDN11 | claudin 11|This gene encodes a member of the claudin family. Claudins are integral membrane proteins and components of tight junction strands. Tight junction strands serve as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space between epithelial or endothelial cell sheets, and also play critical roles in maintaining cell polarity and signal transductions. The protein encoded by this gene is a major component of central nervous system (CNS) myelin and plays an important role in regulating proliferation and migration of oligodendrocytes. Mouse studies showed that the gene deficiency results in deafness and loss of the Sertoli cell epithelial phenotype in the testis. This protein is a tight junction protein at the human blood-testis barrier (BTB), and the BTB disruption is related to a dysfunction of this gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| GC | group-specific component (vitamin D binding protein)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the albumin gene family. It is a multifunctional protein found in plasma, ascitic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid and on the surface of many cell types. It binds to vitamin D and its plasma metabolites and transports them to target tissues. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| TP53TG1 | TP53 target 1 (non-protein coding)| |
| SPG11 | spastic paraplegia 11 (autosomal recessive)|The protein encoded by this gene is a potential transmembrane protein that is phosphorylated upon DNA damage. Defects in this gene are a cause of spastic paraplegia type 11 (SPG11). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| HLA-DMB | major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM beta|HLA-DMB belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DMA) and a beta (DMB) chain, both anchored in the membrane. It is located in intracellular vesicles. DM plays a central role in the peptide loading of MHC class II molecules by helping to release the CLIP (class II-associated invariant chain peptide) molecule from the peptide binding site. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The beta chain is approximately 26-28 kDa and its gene contains 6 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HLA-DMA | major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM alpha|HLA-DMA belongs to the HLA class II alpha chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DMA) and a beta chain (DMB), both anchored in the membrane. It is located in intracellular vesicles. DM plays a central role in the peptide loading of MHC class II molecules by helping to release the CLIP molecule from the peptide binding site. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The alpha chain is approximately 33-35 kDa and its gene contains 5 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic tail. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCK2 | phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (mitochondrial)|This gene encodes a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate in the presence of guanosine triphosphate (GTP). A cytosolic form of this protein is encoded by a different gene and is the key enzyme of gluconeogenesis in the liver. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| SYTL4 | synaptotagmin-like 4|This gene encodes a member of the synaptotagmin like protein family. Members of this family are characterized by an N-terminal Rab27 binding domain and C-terminal tandem C2 domains. The encoded protein binds specific small Rab GTPases and is involved in intracellular membrane trafficking. This protein binds Rab27 and may be involved in inhibiting dense core vesicle exocytosis. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| PCK1 | phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble)|This gene is a main control point for the regulation of gluconeogenesis. The cytosolic enzyme encoded by this gene, along with GTP, catalyzes the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate from oxaloacetate, with the release of carbon dioxide and GDP. The expression of this gene can be regulated by insulin, glucocorticoids, glucagon, cAMP, and diet. Defects in this gene are a cause of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency. A mitochondrial isozyme of the encoded protein also has been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SYTL1 | synaptotagmin-like 1| |
| SYTL3 | synaptotagmin-like 3|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of synaptotagmin-like proteins (SLPs). SLPs are peripheral membrane proteins that interact with RAB27A protein, and play a role in vesicular trafficking. Unlike, SLPs 1 and 2, this protein binds phospholipids in the presence of calcium ions. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| SYTL2 | synaptotagmin-like 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a synaptotagmin-like protein (SLP) that belongs to a C2 domain-containing protein family. The SLP homology domain (SHD) of this protein has been shown to specifically bind the GTP-bound form of Ras-related protein Rab-27A (RAB27A). This protein plays a role in RAB27A-dependent vesicle trafficking and controls melanosome distribution in the cell periphery. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| SPRED1 | sprouty-related, EVH1 domain containing 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Sprouty family of proteins and is phosphorylated by tyrosine kinase in response to several growth factors. The encoded protein can act as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with SPRED2 to regulate activation of the MAP kinase cascade. Defects in this gene are a cause of neurofibromatosis type 1-like syndrome (NFLS). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPRED2 | sprouty-related, EVH1 domain containing 2|SPRED2 is a member of the Sprouty (see SPRY1; MIM 602465)/SPRED family of proteins that regulate growth factor-induced activation of the MAP kinase cascade (see MAPK1; MIM 176948) (Nonami et al., 2004 [PubMed 15465815]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SPRED3 | sprouty-related, EVH1 domain containing 3|This gene encodes a protein with a C-terminal Sprouty-like cysteine-rich domain (SRY) and an N-terminal Ena/Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) homology-1 (EVH-1) domain. The encoded protein is a member of a family of proteins that negatively regulates mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling, particularly during organogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| VIMP | VCP-interacting membrane selenoprotein|This gene encodes a member of the selenoprotein family, characterized by a selenocysteine (Sec) residue at the active site. The selenocysteine is encoded by the UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTR of selenoprotein genes have a common stem-loop structure, the sec insertion sequence (SECIS), that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. Studies suggest that this protein may regulate cytokine production, and thus play a key role in the control of the inflammatory response. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| KRT76 | keratin 76, type II|Keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into epithelial keratins and hair keratins. The type II keratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q13. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| ZNF652 | zinc finger protein 652| |
| PRL | prolactin|This gene encodes the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin. This secreted hormone is a growth regulator for many tissues, including cells of the immune system. It may also play a role in cell survival by suppressing apoptosis, and it is essential for lactation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| VOPP1 | vesicular, overexpressed in cancer, prosurvival protein 1| |
| PLEKHH3 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family H (with MyTH4 domain) member 3| |
| PLEKHH2 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family H (with MyTH4 domain) member 2| |
| PLEKHH1 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family H (with MyTH4 domain) member 1| |
| RELT | RELT tumor necrosis factor receptor|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor is especially abundant in hematologic tissues. It has been shown to activate the NF-kappaB pathway and selectively bind TNF receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1). This receptor is capable of stimulating T-cell proliferation in the presence of CD3 signaling, which suggests its regulatory role in immune response. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding the same protein have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LMO4 | LIM domain only 4|This gene encodes a cysteine-rich protein that contains two LIM domains but lacks a DNA-binding homeodomain. The encoded protein may play a role as a transcriptional regulator or as an oncogene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| ESRP2 | epithelial splicing regulatory protein 2|ESPR2 is an epithelial cell-type-specific splicing regulator (Warzecha et al., 2009 [PubMed 19285943]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2009] |
| ESRP1 | epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1|ESPR1 is an epithelial cell-type-specific splicing regulator (Warzecha et al., 2009 [PubMed 19285943]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2009] |
| RELN | reelin|This gene encodes a large secreted extracellular matrix protein thought to control cell-cell interactions critical for cell positioning and neuronal migration during brain development. This protein may be involved in schizophrenia, autism, bipolar disorder, major depression and in migration defects associated with temporal lobe epilepsy. Mutations of this gene are associated with autosomal recessive lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. Other transcript variants have been described but their full length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RELB | v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog B| |
| RELA | v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A|NF-kappa-B is a ubiquitous transcription factor involved in several biological processes. It is held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state by specific inhibitors. Upon degradation of the inhibitor, NF-kappa-B moves to the nucleus and activates transcription of specific genes. NF-kappa-B is composed of NFKB1 or NFKB2 bound to either REL, RELA, or RELB. The most abundant form of NF-kappa-B is NFKB1 complexed with the product of this gene, RELA. Four transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| HDGF | hepatoma-derived growth factor|This gene encodes a member of the hepatoma-derived growth factor family. The encoded protein has mitogenic and DNA-binding activity and may play a role in cellular proliferation and differentiation. This gene was thought initially to be located on chromosome X, however, that location has been determined to correspond to a related pseudogene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRX | periaxin|This gene encodes a protein involved in peripheral nerve myelin upkeep. The encoded protein contains 2 PDZ domains which were named after PSD95 (post synaptic density protein), DlgA (Drosophila disc large tumor suppressor), and ZO1 (a mammalian tight junction protein). Two alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene which encode different protein isoforms and which are targeted differently in the Schwann cell. Mutations in this gene cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuoropathy, type 4F and Dejerine-Sottas neuropathy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZMPSTE24 | zinc metallopeptidase STE24|This gene encodes a member of the peptidase M48A family. The encoded protein is a zinc metalloproteinase involved in the two step post-translational proteolytic cleavage of carboxy terminal residues of farnesylated prelamin A to form mature lamin A. Mutations in this gene have been associated with mandibuloacral dysplasia and restrictive dermopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPL36 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L36|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 2p. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPL37 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L37|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPL34 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L34|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPL35 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L35|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. Sequence analysis identified three transcript variants. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 6p, 10q, and Xp. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPL32 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L32|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein that belongs to the L32 ribosomal protein family. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome Xp. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPL33 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L33|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPL30 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L30|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 6p and 12p. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the neighboring upstream lipoyltransferase 1 (LIPT1) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| PTRH2 | peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a mitochondrial protein with two putative domains, an N-terminal mitochondrial localization sequence, and a UPF0099 domain. In vitro assays suggest that this protein possesses peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase activity, to release the peptidyl moiety from tRNA, thereby preventing the accumulation of dissociated peptidyl-tRNA that could reduce the efficiency of translation. This protein also plays a role regulating cell survival and death. It promotes survival as part of an integrin-signaling pathway for cells attached to the extracellular matrix (ECM), but also promotes apoptosis in cells that have lost their attachment to the ECM, a process called anoikos. After loss of cell attachment to the ECM, this protein is phosphorylated, is released from the mitochondria into the cytosol, and promotes caspase-independent apoptosis through interactions with transcriptional regulators. This gene has been implicated in the development and progression of tumors, and mutations in this gene have been associated with an infantile multisystem neurologic, endocrine, and pancreatic disease (INMEPD) characterized by intellectual disability, postnatal microcephaly, progressive cerebellar atrophy, hearing impairment, polyneuropathy, failure to thrive, and organ fibrosis with exocrine pancreas insufficiency (PMID: 25574476). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015] |
| CLEC17A | C-type lectin domain family 17, member A| |
| ARG1 | arginase 1|Arginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine to ornithine and urea. At least two isoforms of mammalian arginase exist (types I and II) which differ in their tissue distribution, subcellular localization, immunologic crossreactivity and physiologic function. The type I isoform encoded by this gene, is a cytosolic enzyme and expressed predominantly in the liver as a component of the urea cycle. Inherited deficiency of this enzyme results in argininemia, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hyperammonemia. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| PTH2R | parathyroid hormone 2 receptor|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family. This protein is a receptor for parathyroid hormone (PTH). This receptor is more selective in ligand recognition and has a more specific tissue distribution compared to parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHR1). It is activated only by PTH and not by parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH) and is particularly abundant in brain and pancreas. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| UBE2R2 | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2R 2|Protein kinase CK2 is a ubiquitous and pleiotropic Ser/Thr protein kinase involved in cell growth and transformation. This gene encodes a protein similar to the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBC3/CDC34. Studies suggest that CK2-dependent phosphorylation of this ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme functions by regulating beta-TrCP substrate recognition and induces its interaction with beta-TrCP, enhancing beta-catenin degradation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPL39 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L39|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 5q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ESX1 | ESX homeobox 1|This gene encodes a dual-function 65 kDa protein that undergoes proteolytic cleavage to produce a 45 kDa N-terminal fragment with a paired-like homeodomain and a 20 kDa C-terminal fragment with a proline-rich domain. The C-terminal fragment localizes to the cytoplasm while the N-terminal fragment localizes exclusively to the nucleus. In contrast to human, the mouse homolog has a novel PN/PF motif in the C-terminus and is paternally imprinted in placental tissue. This gene likely plays a role in placental development and spermatogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| FAM69A | family with sequence similarity 69, member A|This gene encodes a member of the FAM69 family of cysteine-rich type II transmembrane proteins. These proteins localize to the endoplasmic reticulum but their specific functions are unknown. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| KLK3 | kallikrein-related peptidase 3|Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. Its protein product is a protease present in seminal plasma. It is thought to function normally in the liquefaction of seminal coagulum, presumably by hydrolysis of the high molecular mass seminal vesicle protein. Serum level of this protein, called PSA in the clinical setting, is useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of prostatic carcinoma. Alternate splicing of this gene generates several transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KLK4 | kallikrein-related peptidase 4|Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. In some tissues its expression is hormonally regulated. The expression pattern of a similar mouse protein in murine developing teeth supports a role for the protein in the degradation of enamel proteins. Several transcript variants encoding different proteins have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| KLK5 | kallikrein-related peptidase 5|Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. Its expression is up-regulated by estrogens and progestins. The encoded protein is secreted and may be involved in desquamation in the epidermis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DMRTC2 | DMRT-like family C2| |
| KLK7 | kallikrein-related peptidase 7|This gene encodes a member of the kallikrein subfamily of serine proteases. These enzymes have diverse physiological functions and many kallikrein genes are biomarkers for cancer. The encoded protein has chymotrypsin-like activity and plays a role in the proteolysis of intercellular cohesive structures that precedes desquamation, the shedding of the outermost layer of the epidermis. The encoded protein may play a role in cancer invasion and metastasis, and increased expression of this gene is associated with unfavorable prognosis and progression of several types of cancer. Polymorphisms in this gene may play a role in the development of atopic dermatitis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, which is one of fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a gene cluster on chromosome 19. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| KLK8 | kallikrein-related peptidase 8|Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in tandem in a gene cluster on chromosome 19. The encoded protein may be involved in proteolytic cascade in the skin and may serve as a biomarker for ovarian cancer. Alternate splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| KLK9 | kallikrein-related peptidase 9|The protein encoded by this gene is a kallikrein-related serine protease. This gene is activated by steroid hormones in a human breast cancer cell line, making it a good marker for cancer detection. The encoded protein is found primarily in the cytoplasm.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| THOC1 | THO complex 1|HPR1 is part of the TREX (transcription/export) complex, which includes TEX1 (MIM 606929), THO2 (MIM 300395), ALY (MIM 604171), and UAP56 (MIM 142560).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| THOC7 | THO complex 7| |
| THOC6 | THO complex 6| |
| THOC5 | THO complex 5| |
| ORM1 | orosomucoid 1|This gene encodes a key acute phase plasma protein. Because of its increase due to acute inflammation, this protein is classified as an acute-phase reactant. The specific function of this protein has not yet been determined; however, it may be involved in aspects of immunosuppression. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRRG2 | proline rich Gla (G-carboxyglutamic acid) 2| |
| ZNF841 | zinc finger protein 841| |
| ZNF843 | zinc finger protein 843| |
| ZNF844 | zinc finger protein 844| |
| ZNF845 | zinc finger protein 845| |
| ZNF846 | zinc finger protein 846| |
| SNN | stannin| |
| HSD3B7 | hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 7|This gene encodes an enzyme which is involved in the initial stages of the synthesis of bile acids from cholesterol and a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily. The encoded protein is a membrane-associated endoplasmic reticulum protein which is active against 7-alpha hydrosylated sterol substrates. Mutations in this gene are associated with a congenital bile acid synthesis defect which leads to neonatal cholestasis, a form of progressive liver disease. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| RNF103 | ring finger protein 103|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING-H2 finger, a motif known to be involved in protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. This gene is highly expressed in normal cerebellum, but not in the cerebral cortex. The expression of the rat counterpart in the frontal cortex and hippocampus was shown to be induced by elctroconvulsive treatment (ECT) as well as chronic antidepressant treatment, suggesting that this gene may be a molecular target for ECT and antidepressants. The protein is a ubiquitin ligase that functions in the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the downstream CHMP3 (charged multivesicular body protein 3) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| MTRR | 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase|Methionine is an essential amino acid required for protein synthesis and one-carbon metabolism. Its synthesis is catalyzed by the enzyme methionine synthase. Methionine synthase eventually becomes inactive due to the oxidation of its cob(I)alamin cofactor. The protein encoded by this gene regenerates a functional methionine synthase via reductive methylation. It is a member of the ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductase (FNR) family of electron transferases. Patients of the cbl-E complementation group of disorders of folate/cobalamin metabolism are defective in reductive activation of methionine synthase. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATR | ATR serine/threonine kinase|The protein encoded by this gene belongs the PI3/PI4-kinase family, and is most closely related to ATM, a protein kinase encoded by the gene mutated in ataxia telangiectasia. This protein and ATM share similarity with Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad3, a cell cycle checkpoint gene required for cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair in response to DNA damage. This kinase has been shown to phosphorylate checkpoint kinase CHK1, checkpoint proteins RAD17, and RAD9, as well as tumor suppressor protein BRCA1. Mutations of this gene are associated with Seckel syndrome. An alternatively spliced transcript variant of this gene has been reported, however, its full length nature is not known. Transcript variants utilizing alternative polyA sites exist. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAVS | mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein|This gene encodes an intermediary protein necessary in the virus-triggered beta interferon signaling pathways. It is required for activation of transcription factors which regulate expression of beta interferon and contributes to antiviral immunity. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| CD300E | CD300e molecule|This gene encodes a member of the CD300 glycoprotein family of cell surface proteins expressed on myeloid cells. The protein interacts with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase-binding protein and is thought to act as an activating receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| CLUAP1 | clusterin associated protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene contains a single coiled-coil region. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants and protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| RECQL4 | RecQ protein-like 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a DNA helicase that belongs to the RecQ helicase family. DNA helicases unwind double-stranded DNA into single-stranded DNAs and may modulate chromosome segregation. This gene is predominantly expressed in thymus and testis. Mutations in this gene are associated with Rothmund-Thomson, RAPADILINO and Baller-Gerold syndromes. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| COPS8 | COP9 signalosome subunit 8|The protein encoded by this gene is one of the eight subunits of COP9 signalosome, a highly conserved protein complex that functions as an important regulator in multiple signaling pathways. The structure and function of COP9 signalosome is similar to that of the 19S regulatory particle of 26S proteasome. COP9 signalosome has been shown to interact with SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligases and act as a positive regulator of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FOXP1 | forkhead box P1|This gene belongs to subfamily P of the forkhead box (FOX) transcription factor family. Forkhead box transcription factors play important roles in the regulation of tissue- and cell type-specific gene transcription during both development and adulthood. Forkhead box P1 protein contains both DNA-binding- and protein-protein binding-domains. This gene may act as a tumor suppressor as it is lost in several tumor types and maps to a chromosomal region (3p14.1) reported to contain a tumor suppressor gene(s). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RCCD1 | RCC1 domain containing 1| |
| MSL1 | male-specific lethal 1 homolog (Drosophila)| |
| FOXP4 | forkhead box P4|This gene belongs to subfamily P of the forkhead box (FOX) transcription factor family. Forkhead box transcription factors play important roles in the regulation of tissue- and cell type-specific gene transcription during both development and adulthood. Many members of the forkhead box gene family, including members of subfamily P, have roles in mammalian oncogenesis. This gene may play a role in the development of tumors of the kidney and larynx. Alternative splicing of this gene produces multiple transcript variants, some encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MSL3 | male-specific lethal 3 homolog (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a nuclear protein that is similar to the product of the Drosophila male-specific lethal-3 gene. The Drosophila protein plays a critical role in a dosage-compensation pathway, which equalizes X-linked gene expression in males and females. Thus, the human protein is thought to play a similar function in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation, and it has been found as part of a complex that is responsible for histone H4 lysine-16 acetylation. This gene can undergo X inactivation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 2, 7 and 8. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| COPS2 | COP9 signalosome subunit 2| |
| COPS3 | COP9 signalosome subunit 3|The protein encoded by this gene possesses kinase activity that phosphorylates regulators involved in signal transduction. It phosphorylates I kappa-Balpha, p105, and c-Jun. It acts as a docking site for complex-mediated phosphorylation. The gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| SAA4 | serum amyloid A4, constitutive| |
| COPS6 | COP9 signalosome subunit 6|The protein encoded by this gene is one of the eight subunits of COP9 signalosome, a highly conserved protein complex that functions as an important regulator in multiple signaling pathways. The structure and function of COP9 signalosome is similar to that of the 19S regulatory particle of 26S proteasome. COP9 signalosome has been shown to interact with SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligases and act as a positive regulator of E3 ubiquitin ligases. This protein belongs to translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) superfamily. It is involved in the regulation of cell cycle and likely to be a cellular cofactor for HIV-1 accessory gene product Vpr. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TBR1 | T-box, brain, 1|This gene is a member of a conserved family of genes that share a common DNA-binding domain, the T-box. T-box genes encode transcription factors involved in the regulation of developmental processes. A similar protein has been disrupted in mice and shown to be critical for early cortical development, and causes loss of projection neurons in the olfactory bulbs and olfactory cortex. The C-terminal region this similar protein was found to be necessary and sufficient for association with the guanylate kinase domain of calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SAA1 | serum amyloid A1|This gene encodes a member of the serum amyloid A family of apolipoproteins. The encoded protein is a major acute phase protein that is highly expressed in response to inflammation and tissue injury. This protein also plays an important role in HDL metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis. High levels of this protein are associated with chronic inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease and Crohn's disease. This protein may also be a potential biomarker for certain tumors. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 11.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| COPS5 | COP9 signalosome subunit 5|The protein encoded by this gene is one of the eight subunits of COP9 signalosome, a highly conserved protein complex that functions as an important regulator in multiple signaling pathways. The structure and function of COP9 signalosome is similar to that of the 19S regulatory particle of 26S proteasome. COP9 signalosome has been shown to interact with SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligases and act as a positive regulator of E3 ubiquitin ligases. This protein is reported to be involved in the degradation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CDKN1B/p27Kip1. It is also known to be an coactivator that increases the specificity of JUN/AP1 transcription factors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| YTHDF3 | YTH N(6)-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 3|This gene encodes a member of the YTH (YT521-B homology) domain protein family. The YTH domain is common in eukaryotes, is often found in the middle of the protein sequence, and may function in binding to RNA. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2013] |
| PPOX | protoporphyrinogen oxidase|This gene encodes the penultimate enzyme of heme biosynthesis, which catalyzes the 6-electron oxidation of protoporphyrinogen IX to form protoporphyrin IX. Mutations in this gene cause variegate porphyria, an autosomal dominant disorder of heme metabolism resulting from a deficiency in protoporphyrinogen oxidase, an enzyme located on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| YTHDF1 | YTH N(6)-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 1| |
| ZNF596 | zinc finger protein 596| |
| ZNF597 | zinc finger protein 597| |
| MDGA2 | MAM domain containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor 2| |
| ZNF598 | zinc finger protein 598|Zinc-finger proteins bind nucleic acids and play important roles in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. This protein and Grb10-interacting GYF protein 2 have been identified as a components of the mammalian 4EHP (m4EHP) complex. The complex is thought to function as a translation repressor in embryonic development. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| ZNF599 | zinc finger protein 599| |
| MYCN | v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog|This gene is a member of the MYC family and encodes a protein with a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain. This protein is located in the nucleus and must dimerize with another bHLH protein in order to bind DNA. Amplification of this gene is associated with a variety of tumors, most notably neuroblastomas. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| PARPBP | PARP1 binding protein| |
| PLCH2 | phospholipase C, eta 2|PLCH2 is a member of the PLC-eta family of the phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) superfamily of enzymes that cleave PtdIns(4,5) P2 to generate second messengers inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol (Zhou et al., 2005 [PubMed 16107206]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009] |
| TKT | transketolase|This gene encodes a thiamine-dependent enzyme which plays a role in the channeling of excess sugar phosphates to glycolysis in the pentose phosphate pathway. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| PLCH1 | phospholipase C, eta 1|PLCH1 is a member of the PLC-eta family of the phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) superfamily of enzymes that cleave phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) to generate second messengers inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) (Hwang et al., 2005 [PubMed 15702972]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009] |
| VEZF1 | vascular endothelial zinc finger 1|Transcriptional regulatory proteins containing tandemly repeated zinc finger domains are thought to be involved in both normal and abnormal cellular proliferation and differentiation. ZNF161 is a C2H2-type zinc finger protein (Koyano-Nakagawa et al., 1994 [PubMed 8035792]). See MIM 603971 for general information on zinc finger proteins.[supplied by OMIM, Sep 2008] |
| NLK | nemo-like kinase| |
| TMEM45A | transmembrane protein 45A| |
| FAM135A | family with sequence similarity 135, member A| |
| FAM135B | family with sequence similarity 135, member B| |
| TMEM45B | transmembrane protein 45B| |
| IGF2 | insulin-like growth factor 2|This gene encodes a member of the insulin family of polypeptide growth factors, which are involved in development and growth. It is an imprinted gene, expressed only from the paternal allele, and epigenetic changes at this locus are associated with Wilms tumour, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Silver-Russell syndrome. A read-through INS-IGF2 gene exists, whose 5' region overlaps the INS gene and the 3' region overlaps this gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| NUDT9 | nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 9|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. Nudix boxes are found in a family of diverse enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleoside diphosphate derivatives. This enzyme is an ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ADP-ribose to AMP and ribose-5-P. It requires divalent metal ions and an intact Nudix motif for enzymatic activity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| IGF1 | insulin-like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C)|The protein encoded by this gene is similar to insulin in function and structure and is a member of a family of proteins involved in mediating growth and development. The encoded protein is processed from a precursor, bound by a specific receptor, and secreted. Defects in this gene are a cause of insulin-like growth factor I deficiency. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| DLG4 | discs, large homolog 4 (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family. It heteromultimerizes with another MAGUK protein, DLG2, and is recruited into NMDA receptor and potassium channel clusters. These two MAGUK proteins may interact at postsynaptic sites to form a multimeric scaffold for the clustering of receptors, ion channels, and associated signaling proteins. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DLD | dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase|This gene encodes a member of the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. In homodimeric form, the encoded protein functions as a dehydrogenase and is found in several multi-enzyme complexes that regulate energy metabolism. However, as a monomer, this protein can function as a protease. Mutations in this gene have been identified in patients with E3-deficient maple syrup urine disease and lipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| NUDT1 | nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 1|Misincorporation of oxidized nucleoside triphosphates into DNA/RNA during replication and transcription can cause mutations that may result in carcinogenesis or neurodegeneration. The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme that hydrolyzes oxidized purine nucleoside triphosphates, such as 8-oxo-dGTP, 8-oxo-dATP, 2-hydroxy-dATP, and 2-hydroxy rATP, to monophosphates, thereby preventing misincorporation. The encoded protein is localized mainly in the cytoplasm, with some in the mitochondria, suggesting that it is involved in the sanitization of nucleotide pools both for nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants, some of which encode distinct isoforms, have been identified. Additional variants have been observed, but their full-length natures have not been determined. A single-nucleotide polymorphism that results in the production of an additional, longer isoform (p26) has been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NUDT2 | nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 2|This gene encodes a member of the MutT family of nucleotide pyrophosphatases, a subset of the larger NUDIX hydrolase family. The gene product possesses a modification of the MutT sequence motif found in certain nucleotide pyrophosphatases. The enzyme asymmetrically hydrolyzes Ap4A to yield AMP and ATP and is responsible for maintaining the intracellular level of the dinucleotide Ap4A, the function of which has yet to be established. This gene may be a candidate tumor suppressor gene. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and four transcript variants, all encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| NUDT3 | nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 3|NUDT3 belongs to the MutT, or Nudix, protein family. Nudix proteins act as homeostatic checkpoints at important stages in nucleoside phosphate metabolic pathways, guarding against elevated levels of potentially dangerous intermediates, like 8-oxo-dGTP, which promotes AT-to-CG transversions (Safrany et al., 1998 [PubMed 9822604]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2011] |
| NUDT4 | nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 4|The protein encoded by this gene regulates the turnover of diphosphoinositol polyphosphates. The turnover of these high-energy diphosphoinositol polyphosphates represents a molecular switching activity with important regulatory consequences. Molecular switching by diphosphoinositol polyphosphates may contribute to regulating intracellular trafficking. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. Isoforms DIPP2alpha and DIPP2beta are distinguishable from each other solely by DIPP2beta possessing one additional amino acid due to intron boundary skidding in alternate splicing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NUDT5 | nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 5|This gene belongs to the Nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X) hydrolase superfamily. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of modified nucleoside diphosphates, including ADP-ribose (ADPR) and 8-oxoGua-containing 8-oxo-dADP and 8-oxo-dGDP. Protein-bound ADP ribose can be hazardous to the cell because it can modify some amino acid residues, resulting in the inhibition of ATP-activated potassium channels. 8-oxoGua is an oxidized form of guanine that can potentially alter genetic information by pairing with adenine and cytosine in RNA. Presence of 8-oxoGua in RNA results in formation of abnormal proteins due to translational errors. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| NUDT6 | nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 6|This gene overlaps and lies on the opposite strand from FGF2 gene, and is thought to be the FGF2 antisense gene. The two genes are independently transcribed, and their expression shows an inverse relationship, suggesting that this antisense transcript may regulate FGF2 expression. This gene has also been shown to have hormone-regulatory and antiproliferative actions in the pituitary that are independent of FGF2 expression. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| NUDT7 | nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 7|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Nudix hydrolase family. Nudix hydrolases eliminate potentially toxic nucleotide metabolites from the cell and regulate the concentrations and availability of many different nucleotide substrates, cofactors, and signaling molecules. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| TWSG1 | twisted gastrulation BMP signaling modulator 1| |
| SEPN1 | selenoprotein N, 1|This gene encodes a selenoprotein, which contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue at its active site. The selenocysteine is encoded by the UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTR of selenoprotein genes have a common stem-loop structure, the sec insertion sequence (SECIS), that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. Mutations in this gene cause the classical phenotype of multiminicore disease and congenital muscular dystrophy with spinal rigidity and restrictive respiratory syndrome. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PVR | poliovirus receptor|The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The external domain mediates cell attachment to the extracellular matrix molecule vitronectin, while its intracellular domain interacts with the dynein light chain Tctex-1/DYNLT1. The gene is specific to the primate lineage, and serves as a cellular receptor for poliovirus in the first step of poliovirus replication. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| C14orf80 | chromosome 14 open reading frame 80| |
| TK1 | thymidine kinase 1, soluble| |
| C4orf27 | chromosome 4 open reading frame 27| |
| PHLDB1 | pleckstrin homology-like domain, family B, member 1| |
| PHLDB2 | pleckstrin homology-like domain, family B, member 2| |
| PHLDB3 | pleckstrin homology-like domain, family B, member 3| |
| CTBP2 | C-terminal binding protein 2|This gene produces alternative transcripts encoding two distinct proteins. One protein is a transcriptional repressor, while the other isoform is a major component of specialized synapses known as synaptic ribbons. Both proteins contain a NAD+ binding domain similar to NAD+-dependent 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases. A portion of the 3' untranslated region was used to map this gene to chromosome 21q21.3; however, it was noted that similar loci elsewhere in the genome are likely. Blast analysis shows that this gene is present on chromosome 10. Several transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| LARS | leucyl-tRNA synthetase|This gene encodes a cytosolic leucine-tRNA synthetase, a member of the class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the ATP-dependent ligation of L-leucine to tRNA(Leu). It is found in the cytoplasm as part of a multisynthetase complex and interacts with the arginine tRNA synthetase through its C-terminal domain. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been found; however, their full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SST | somatostatin|The hormone somatostatin has active 14 aa and 28 aa forms that are produced by alternate cleavage of the single preproprotein encoded by this gene. Somatostatin is expressed throughout the body and inhibits the release of numerous secondary hormones by binding to high-affinity G-protein-coupled somatostatin receptors. This hormone is an important regulator of the endocrine system through its interactions with pituitary growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and most hormones of the gastrointestinal tract. Somatostatin also affects rates of neurotransmission in the central nervous system and proliferation of both normal and tumorigenic cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MEF2C | myocyte enhancer factor 2C|This locus encodes a member of the MADS box transcription enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) family of proteins, which play a role in myogenesis. The encoded protein, MEF2 polypeptide C, has both trans-activating and DNA binding activities. This protein may play a role in maintaining the differentiated state of muscle cells. Mutations and deletions at this locus have been associated with severe mental retardation, stereotypic movements, epilepsy, and cerebral malformation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| MEF2B | myocyte enhancer factor 2B|The product of this gene is a member of the MADS/MEF2 family of DNA binding proteins. The protein is thought to regulate gene expression, including expression of the smooth muscle myosin heavy chain gene. This region undergoes considerable alternative splicing, with transcripts supporting two non-overlapping loci (GeneID 729991 and 100271849) as well as numerous read-through transcripts that span both loci (annotated as GeneID 4207). Several isoforms of this protein are expressed from either this locus or from some of the read-through transcripts annotated on GeneID 4207. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| MEF2A | myocyte enhancer factor 2A|The protein encoded by this gene is a DNA-binding transcription factor that activates many muscle-specific, growth factor-induced, and stress-induced genes. The encoded protein can act as a homodimer or as a heterodimer and is involved in several cellular processes, including muscle development, neuronal differentiation, cell growth control, and apoptosis. Defects in this gene could be a cause of autosomal dominant coronary artery disease 1 with myocardial infarction (ADCAD1). Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| FETUB | fetuin B|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fetuin family, part of the cystatin superfamily of cysteine protease inhibitors. Fetuins have been implicated in several diverse functions, including osteogenesis and bone resorption, regulation of the insulin and hepatocyte growth factor receptors, and response to systemic inflammation. This protein may be secreted by cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RSL24D1 | ribosomal L24 domain containing 1|This gene encodes a protein sharing a low level of sequence similarity with human ribosomal protein L24. Although this gene has been referred to as RPL24, L30, and 60S ribosomal protein L30 isolog in the sequence databases, it is distinct from the human genes officially named RPL24 (which itself has been referred to as ribosomal protein L30) and RPL30. The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the nucleolus and is thought to play a role in the biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit. The precise function of this gene is currently unknown. This gene utilizes alternative polyadenylation signals and has multiple pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| MSLN | mesothelin|This gene encodes a precursor protein that is cleaved into two products, megakaryocyte potentiating factor and mesothelin. Megakaryocyte potentiation factor functions as a cytokine that can stimulate colony formation in bone marrow megakaryocytes. Mesothelian is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell-surface protein that may function as a cell adhesion protein. This protein is overexpressed in epithelial mesotheliomas, ovarian cancers and in specific squamous cell carcinomas. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| FBXL20 | F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 20|Members of the F-box protein family, such as FBXL20, are characterized by an approximately 40-amino acid F-box motif. SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases. F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains (Jin et al., 2004 [PubMed 15520277]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| LCORL | ligand dependent nuclear receptor corepressor-like|This gene encodes a transcription factor that appears to function in spermatogenesis. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with measures of skeletal frame size and adult height. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| FBXL22 | F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 22|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family. This F-box protein interacts with S-phase kinase-associated protein 1A and cullin in order to form SCF complexes which function as ubiquitin ligases.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| SSB | Sjogren syndrome antigen B (autoantigen La)|The protein encoded by this gene is involved in diverse aspects of RNA metabolism, including binding and protecting poly(U) termini of nascent RNA polymerase III transcripts from exonuclease digestion, processing 5' and 3' ends of pre-tRNA precursors, acting as an RNA chaperone, and binding viral RNAs associated with hepatitis C virus. Autoantibodies reacting with this protein are found in the sera of patients with Sjogren syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. Alternative promoter usage results in two different transcript variants which encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic)|Epoxide hydrolase is a critical biotransformation enzyme that converts epoxides from the degradation of aromatic compounds to trans-dihydrodiols which can be conjugated and excreted from the body. Epoxide hydrolase functions in both the activation and detoxification of epoxides. Mutations in this gene cause preeclampsia, epoxide hydrolase deficiency or increased epoxide hydrolase activity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| EPHX2 | epoxide hydrolase 2, cytoplasmic|This gene encodes a member of the epoxide hydrolase family. The protein, found in both the cytosol and peroxisomes, binds to specific epoxides and converts them to the corresponding dihydrodiols. Mutations in this gene have been associated with familial hypercholesterolemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| ZNF335 | zinc finger protein 335|The protein encoded by this gene enhances transcriptional activation by ligand-bound nuclear hormone receptors. However, it does this not by direct interaction with the receptor, but by direct interaction with the nuclear hormone receptor transcriptional coactivator NRC. The encoded protein may function by altering local chromatin structure. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM168B | family with sequence similarity 168, member B| |
| ZNF333 | zinc finger protein 333| |
| ZNF330 | zinc finger protein 330| |
| FAM168A | family with sequence similarity 168, member A| |
| TEX15 | testis expressed 15| |
| TEX14 | testis expressed 14|The protein encoded by this gene is necessary for intercellular bridges in germ cells, which are required for spermatogenesis. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| RPLP1 | ribosomal protein, large, P1|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal phosphoprotein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein, which is a functional equivalent of the E. coli L7/L12 ribosomal protein, belongs to the L12P family of ribosomal proteins. It plays an important role in the elongation step of protein synthesis. Unlike most ribosomal proteins, which are basic, the encoded protein is acidic. Its C-terminal end is nearly identical to the C-terminal ends of the ribosomal phosphoproteins P0 and P2. The P1 protein can interact with P0 and P2 to form a pentameric complex consisting of P1 and P2 dimers, and a P0 monomer. The protein is located in the cytoplasm. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different proteins have been observed. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPLP0 | ribosomal protein, large, P0|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein, which is the functional equivalent of the E. coli L10 ribosomal protein, belongs to the L10P family of ribosomal proteins. It is a neutral phosphoprotein with a C-terminal end that is nearly identical to the C-terminal ends of the acidic ribosomal phosphoproteins P1 and P2. The P0 protein can interact with P1 and P2 to form a pentameric complex consisting of P1 and P2 dimers, and a P0 monomer. The protein is located in the cytoplasm. Transcript variants derived from alternative splicing exist; they encode the same protein. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TEX11 | testis expressed 11|This gene is X-linked and is expressed in only male germ cells. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TEX10 | testis expressed 10| |
| CSMD2 | CUB and Sushi multiple domains 2| |
| CSMD3 | CUB and Sushi multiple domains 3| |
| SLCO1B1 | solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1B1|This gene encodes a liver-specific member of the organic anion transporter family. The encoded protein is a transmembrane receptor that mediates the sodium-independent uptake of numerous endogenous compounds including bilirubin, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol and leukotriene C4. This protein is also involved in the removal of drug compounds such as statins, bromosulfophthalein and rifampin from the blood into the hepatocytes. Polymorphisms in the gene encoding this protein are associated with impaired transporter function. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| CSMD1 | CUB and Sushi multiple domains 1| |
| CD300LB | CD300 molecule-like family member b|CD300LB is a nonclassical activating receptor of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily expressed on myeloid cells (Martinez-Barriocanal and Sayos, 2006 [PubMed 16920917]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| LRRC3B | leucine rich repeat containing 3B| |
| CLDN17 | claudin 17|This gene encodes a member of the claudin family. Claudins are integral membrane proteins and components of tight junction strands. Tight junction strands serve as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space between epithelial or endothelial cell sheets, and also play critical roles in maintaining cell polarity and signal transductions. This gene is intronless and is clustered with CLDN8 on chromosome 21q22.11. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| ECD | ecdysoneless homolog (Drosophila)| |
| NOTCH2NL | notch 2 N-terminal like| |
| GPATCH11 | G patch domain containing 11| |
| IPPK | inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase|The protein encoded by this gene is a kinase that phosphorylates position 2 of inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate to form inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate (InsP6). InsP6 has a variety of functions, including stimulation of DNA repair, endocytosis, and mRNA export. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| CIB2 | calcium and integrin binding family member 2|The protein encoded by this gene is similar to that of KIP/CIB, calcineurin B, and calmodulin. The encoded protein is a calcium-binding regulatory protein that interacts with DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunits (DNA-PKcs), and it is involved in photoreceptor cell maintenance. Mutations in this gene cause deafness, autosomal recessive, 48 (DFNB48), and also Usher syndrome 1J (USH1J). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| NDFIP2 | Nedd4 family interacting protein 2| |
| NDFIP1 | Nedd4 family interacting protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a small group of evolutionarily conserved proteins with three transmembrane domains. It is a potential target for ubiquitination by the Nedd4 family of proteins. This protein is thought to be part of a family of integral Golgi membrane proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CIB1 | calcium and integrin binding 1 (calmyrin)|This gene encodes a member of the EF-hand domain-containing calcium-binding superfamily. The encoded protein interacts with many other proteins, including the platelet integrin alpha-IIb-beta-3, DNA-dependent protein kinase, presenilin-2, focal adhesion kinase, p21 activated kinase, and protein kinase D. The encoded protein may be involved in cell survival and proliferation, and is associated with several disease states including cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2013] |
| PRIMA1 | proline rich membrane anchor 1|The product of this gene functions to organize acetylcholinesterase (AChE) into tetramers, and to anchor AChE at neural cell membranes. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| LETM1 | leucine zipper-EF-hand containing transmembrane protein 1|This gene encodes a protein that is localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane. The protein functions to maintain the mitochondrial tubular shapes and is required for normal mitochondrial morphology and cellular viability. Mutations in this gene cause Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, a complex malformation syndrome caused by the deletion of parts of the distal short arm of chromosome 4. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 8, 15 and 19. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| THYN1 | thymocyte nuclear protein 1|This gene encodes a protein that is highly conserved among vertebrates and plant species and may be involved in the induction of apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIL | TLR4 interactor with leucine-rich repeats|TRIL is a component of the TLR4 (MIM 603030) complex and is induced in a number of cell types by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Carpenter et al., 2009 [PubMed 19710467]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010] |
| TRIO | trio Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor| |
| MTMR14 | myotubularin related protein 14|This gene encodes a myotubularin-related protein. The encoded protein is a phosphoinositide phosphatase that specifically dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 3,5-biphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Mutations in this gene are correlated with autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 18.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| NTF4 | neurotrophin 4|This gene is a member of a family of neurotrophic factors, neurotrophins, that control survival and differentiation of mammalian neurons. The expression of this gene is ubiquitous and less influenced by environmental signals. While knock-outs of other neurotrophins including nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotrophin 3 prove lethal during early postnatal development, NTF5-deficient mice only show minor cellular deficits and develop normally to adulthood. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MTMR12 | myotubularin related protein 12|Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase-derived membrane-anchored phosphatidylinositides, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P), regulate diverse cellular processes. The protein encoded by this gene functions as an adaptor subunit in a complex with an active PtdIns(3)P 3-phosphatase. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| RPS6KL1 | ribosomal protein S6 kinase-like 1| |
| MTMR10 | myotubularin related protein 10| |
| UGDH | UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase|The protein encoded by this gene converts UDP-glucose to UDP-glucuronate and thereby participates in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans such as hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate, and heparan sulfate. These glycosylated compounds are common components of the extracellular matrix and likely play roles in signal transduction, cell migration, and cancer growth and metastasis. The expression of this gene is up-regulated by transforming growth factor beta and down-regulated by hypoxia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| CELSR3 | cadherin, EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 3|This gene belongs to the flamingo subfamily, which is included in the cadherin superfamily. The flamingo cadherins consist of nonclassic-type cadherins that do not interact with catenins. They are plasma membrane proteins containing seven epidermal growth factor-like repeats, nine cadherin domains and two laminin A G-type repeats in their ectodomain. They also have seven transmembrane domains, a characteristic feature of their subfamily. The encoded protein may be involved in the regulation of contact-dependent neurite growth and may play a role in tumor formation. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| CELSR2 | cadherin, EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the flamingo subfamily, part of the cadherin superfamily. The flamingo subfamily consists of nonclassic-type cadherins; a subpopulation that does not interact with catenins. The flamingo cadherins are located at the plasma membrane and have nine cadherin domains, seven epidermal growth factor-like repeats and two laminin A G-type repeats in their ectodomain. They also have seven transmembrane domains, a characteristic unique to this subfamily. It is postulated that these proteins are receptors involved in contact-mediated communication, with cadherin domains acting as homophilic binding regions and the EGF-like domains involved in cell adhesion and receptor-ligand interactions. The specific function of this particular member has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CELSR1 | cadherin, EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the flamingo subfamily, part of the cadherin superfamily. The flamingo subfamily consists of nonclassic-type cadherins; a subpopulation that does not interact with catenins. The flamingo cadherins are located at the plasma membrane and have nine cadherin domains, seven epidermal growth factor-like repeats and two laminin A G-type repeats in their ectodomain. They also have seven transmembrane domains, a characteristic unique to this subfamily. It is postulated that these proteins are receptors involved in contact-mediated communication, with cadherin domains acting as homophilic binding regions and the EGF-like domains involved in cell adhesion and receptor-ligand interactions. This particular member is a developmentally regulated, neural-specific gene which plays an unspecified role in early embryogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RABL2B | RAB, member of RAS oncogene family-like 2B|The RABL2B protein is a member of the RAB gene family which belongs to the RAS GTPase superfamily. RABL2B is located within a subtelomeric region of 22q13.3. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| KIF11 | kinesin family member 11|This gene encodes a motor protein that belongs to the kinesin-like protein family. Members of this protein family are known to be involved in various kinds of spindle dynamics. The function of this gene product includes chromosome positioning, centrosome separation and establishing a bipolar spindle during cell mitosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PTCHD2 | patched domain containing 2| |
| SLCO1A2 | solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1A2|This gene encodes a sodium-independent transporter which mediates cellular uptake of organic ions in the liver. Its substrates include bile acids, bromosulphophthalein, and some steroidal compounds. The protein is a member of the SLC21A family of solute carriers. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| TSEN54 | TSEN54 tRNA splicing endonuclease subunit|This gene encodes a subunit of the tRNA splicing endonuclease complex, which catalyzes the removal of introns from precursor tRNAs. The complex is also implicated in pre-mRNA 3-prime end processing. Mutations in this gene result in pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| NECAB2 | N-terminal EF-hand calcium binding protein 2| |
| CXADR | coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor|The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane receptor for group B coxsackieviruses and subgroup C adenoviruses. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 15, 18, and 21. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| CYP24A1 | cytochrome P450, family 24, subfamily A, polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This mitochondrial protein initiates the degradation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the physiologically active form of vitamin D3, by hydroxylation of the side chain. In regulating the level of vitamin D3, this enzyme plays a role in calcium homeostasis and the vitamin D endocrine system. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GTF3C2 | general transcription factor IIIC, polypeptide 2, beta 110kDa| |
| DVL1P1 | dishevelled segment polarity protein 1 pseudogene 1| |
| METAP1D | methionyl aminopeptidase type 1D (mitochondrial)|The N-terminal methionine excision pathway is an essential process in which the N-terminal methionine is removed from many proteins, thus facilitating subsequent protein modification. In mitochondria, enzymes that catalyze this reaction are celled methionine aminopeptidases (MetAps, or MAPs; EC 3.4.11.18) (Serero et al., 2003 [PubMed 14532271]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| LRRC32 | leucine rich repeat containing 32|This gene encodes a type I membrane protein which contains 20 leucine-rich repeats. Alterations in the chromosomal region 11q13-11q14 are involved in several pathologies. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LY6G5B | lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus G5B|LY6G5B belongs to a cluster of leukocyte antigen-6 (LY6) genes located in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region on chromosome 6. Members of the LY6 superfamily typically contain 70 to 80 amino acids, including 8 to 10 cysteines. Most LY6 proteins are attached to the cell surface by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor that is directly involved in signal transduction (Mallya et al., 2002 [PubMed 12079290]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CGNL1 | cingulin-like 1|This gene encodes a member of the cingulin family. The encoded protein localizes to both adherens and tight cell-cell junctions and mediates junction assembly and maintenance by regulating the activity of the small GTPases RhoA and Rac1. Heterozygous chromosomal rearrangements resulting in association of the promoter for this gene with the aromatase gene are a cause of aromatase excess syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| MFN2 | mitofusin 2|This gene encodes a mitochondrial membrane protein that participates in mitochondrial fusion and contributes to the maintenance and operation of the mitochondrial network. This protein is involved in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and it may play a role in the pathophysiology of obesity. Mutations in this gene cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A2, and hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy VI, which are both disorders of the peripheral nervous system. Defects in this gene have also been associated with early-onset stroke. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TCP1 | t-complex 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a molecular chaperone that is a member of the chaperonin containing TCP1 complex (CCT), also known as the TCP1 ring complex (TRiC). This complex consists of two identical stacked rings, each containing eight different proteins. Unfolded polypeptides enter the central cavity of the complex and are folded in an ATP-dependent manner. The complex folds various proteins, including actin and tubulin. Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. In addition, three pseudogenes that appear to be derived from this gene have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| ZNF33B | zinc finger protein 33B|This gene encodes a member of the zinc finger family of proteins. This gene shows decreased expression in cumulus cells derived from patients undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation. This gene is present in a gene cluster with several related zinc finger genes in the pericentromeric region of chromosome 10. Pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 7 and 10. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| ZNF33A | zinc finger protein 33A| |
| FAM117A | family with sequence similarity 117, member A| |
| FAM117B | family with sequence similarity 117, member B| |
| PATL1 | protein associated with topoisomerase II homolog 1 (yeast)| |
| SNRNP48 | small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 48kDa (U11/U12)| |
| MAD2L2 | MAD2 mitotic arrest deficient-like 2 (yeast)|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint that prevents the onset of anaphase until all chromosomes are properly aligned at the metaphase plate. The encoded protein, which is similar to MAD2L1, is capable of interacting with ADAM9, ADAM15, REV1, and REV3 proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAD2L1 | MAD2 mitotic arrest deficient-like 1 (yeast)|MAD2L1 is a component of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint that prevents the onset of anaphase until all chromosomes are properly aligned at the metaphase plate. MAD2L1 is related to the MAD2L2 gene located on chromosome 1. A MAD2 pseudogene has been mapped to chromosome 14. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SVIL | supervillin|This gene encodes a bipartite protein with distinct amino- and carboxy-terminal domains. The amino-terminus contains nuclear localization signals and the carboxy-terminus contains numerous consecutive sequences with extensive similarity to proteins in the gelsolin family of actin-binding proteins, which cap, nucleate, and/or sever actin filaments. The gene product is tightly associated with both actin filaments and plasma membranes, suggesting a role as a high-affinity link between the actin cytoskeleton and the membrane. The encoded protein appears to aid in both myosin II assembly during cell spreading and disassembly of focal adhesions. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms of supervillin have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KTN1 | kinectin 1 (kinesin receptor)|This gene encodes an integral membrane protein that is a member of the kinectin protein family. The encoded protein is primarily localized to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. This protein binds kinesin and may be involved in intracellular organelle motility. This protein also binds translation elongation factor-delta and may be involved in the assembly of the elongation factor-1 complex. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| TCEB3 | transcription elongation factor B (SIII), polypeptide 3 (110kDa, elongin A)|This gene encodes the protein elongin A, which is a subunit of the transcription factor B (SIII) complex. The SIII complex is composed of elongins A/A2, B and C. It activates elongation by RNA polymerase II by suppressing transient pausing of the polymerase at many sites within transcription units. Elongin A functions as the transcriptionally active component of the SIII complex, whereas elongins B and C are regulatory subunits. Elongin A2 is specifically expressed in the testis, and capable of forming a stable complex with elongins B and C. The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein binds to elongins B and C, and thereby inhibits transcription elongation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TCEB2 | transcription elongation factor B (SIII), polypeptide 2 (18kDa, elongin B)|This gene encodes the protein elongin B, which is a subunit of the transcription factor B (SIII) complex. The SIII complex is composed of elongins A/A2, B and C. It activates elongation by RNA polymerase II by suppressing transient pausing of the polymerase at many sites within transcription units. Elongin A functions as the transcriptionally active component of the SIII complex, whereas elongins B and C are regulatory subunits. Elongin A2 is specifically expressed in the testis, and capable of forming a stable complex with elongins B and C. The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein binds to elongins B and C, and thereby inhibits transcription elongation. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. Pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 11 and 13. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| TCEB1 | transcription elongation factor B (SIII), polypeptide 1 (15kDa, elongin C)|This gene encodes the protein elongin C, which is a subunit of the transcription factor B (SIII) complex. The SIII complex is composed of elongins A/A2, B and C. It activates elongation by RNA polymerase II by suppressing transient pausing of the polymerase at many sites within transcription units. Elongin A functions as the transcriptionally active component of the SIII complex, whereas elongins B and C are regulatory subunits. Elongin A2 is specifically expressed in the testis, and capable of forming a stable complex with elongins B and C. The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein binds to elongins B and C, and thereby inhibits transcription elongation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding two distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| CEP57L1 | centrosomal protein 57kDa-like 1| |
| APOA4 | apolipoprotein A-IV|Apoliprotein (apo) A-IV gene contains 3 exons separated by two introns. A sequence polymorphism has been identified in the 3'UTR of the third exon. The primary translation product is a 396-residue preprotein which after proteolytic processing is secreted its primary site of synthesis, the intestine, in association with chylomicron particles. Although its precise function is not known, apo A-IV is a potent activator of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase in vitro. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C20orf196 | chromosome 20 open reading frame 196| |
| C20orf195 | chromosome 20 open reading frame 195| |
| C20orf194 | chromosome 20 open reading frame 194|This gene encodes an uncharacterized protein with a C-terminal coiled-coil region. The gene is located on chromosome 20p13 in a 1.8 Mb region linked to a spinocerebellar ataxia phenotype, but this gene does not appear to be a disease candidate. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| CLCNKA | chloride channel, voltage-sensitive Ka|This gene is a member of the CLC family of voltage-gated chloride channels. The encoded protein is predicted to have 12 transmembrane domains, and requires a beta subunit called barttin to form a functional channel. It is thought to function in salt reabsorption in the kidney and potassium recycling in the inner ear. The gene is highly similar to CLCNKB, which is located 10 kb downstream from this gene. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LRP2BP | LRP2 binding protein| |
| FAM90A1 | family with sequence similarity 90, member A1|FAM90A1 belongs to subfamily I of the primate-specific FAM90A gene family, which originated from multiple duplications and rearrangements (Bosch et al., 2007 [PubMed 17684299]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009] |
| IQSEC2 | IQ motif and Sec7 domain 2|This gene encodes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the ARF family of small GTP-binding proteins. The encoded protein is a component of the postsynaptic density at excitatory synapses, and may play a critical role in cytoskeletal and synaptic organization through the activation of selected ARF substrates including ARF1 and ARF6. Mutations in this gene have been implicated in nonsyndromic X-linked mental retardation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| VPREB1 | pre-B lymphocyte 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is expressed selectively at the early stages of B cell development, namely, in proB and early preB cells. This gene encodes the iota polypeptide chain that is associated with the Ig-mu chain to form a molecular complex which is expressed on the surface of pre-B cells. The complex is thought to regulate Ig gene rearrangements in the early steps of B-cell differentiation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| CCDC167 | coiled-coil domain containing 167| |
| CACNA1A | calcium channel, voltage-dependent, P/Q type, alpha 1A subunit|Voltage-dependent calcium channels mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells, and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, and gene expression. Calcium channels are multisubunit complexes composed of alpha-1, beta, alpha-2/delta, and gamma subunits. The channel activity is directed by the pore-forming alpha-1 subunit, whereas, the others act as auxiliary subunits regulating this activity. The distinctive properties of the calcium channel types are related primarily to the expression of a variety of alpha-1 isoforms, alpha-1A, B, C, D, E, and S. This gene encodes the alpha-1A subunit, which is predominantly expressed in neuronal tissue. Mutations in this gene are associated with 2 neurologic disorders, familial hemiplegic migraine and episodic ataxia 2. This gene also exhibits polymorphic variation due to (CAG)n-repeats. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. In one set of transcript variants, the (CAG)n-repeats occur in the 3' UTR, and are not associated with any disease. But in another set of variants, an insertion extends the coding region to include the (CAG)n-repeats which encode a polyglutamine tract. Expansion of the (CAG)n-repeats from the normal 4-16 to 21-28 in the coding region is associated with spinocerebellar ataxia 6. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| SATB1 | SATB homeobox 1|This gene encodes a matrix protein which binds nuclear matrix and scaffold-associating DNAs through a unique nuclear architecture. The protein recruits chromatin-remodeling factors in order to regulate chromatin structure and gene expression. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| VPREB3 | pre-B lymphocyte 3|The protein encoded by this gene is the human ortholog of the mouse VpreB3 (8HS20) protein, is thought to be involved in B-cell maturation, and may play a role in assembly of the pre-B cell receptor (pre-BCR). While the role of this protein in B-cell development has not yet been elucidated, studies with the chicken ortholog of this protein have found that when overexpressed, this protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. The mouse ortholog of this protein has been shown to associate with membrane mu heavy chains early in the course of pre-B cell receptor biosynthesis. Expression of this gene has been observed in some lymphomas. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| ARSG | arylsulfatase G|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the sulfatase enzyme family. Sulfatases hydrolyze sulfate esters from sulfated steroids, carbohydrates, proteoglycans, and glycolipids. They are involved in hormone biosynthesis, modulation of cell signaling, and degradation of macromolecules. This protein displays arylsulfatase activity at acidic pH, as is typical of lysosomal sulfatases, and has been shown to localize in the lysosomes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| OXSR1 | oxidative stress responsive 1|The product of this gene belongs to the Ser/Thr protein kinase family of proteins. It regulates downstream kinases in response to environmental stress, and may play a role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ST3GAL3 | ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a type II membrane protein that catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to galactose-containing substrates. The encoded protein is normally found in the Golgi apparatus but can be proteolytically processed to a soluble form. This protein is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive nonsymdromic mental retardation-12 (MRT12). Multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| ST3GAL2 | ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a type II membrane protein that catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to galactose-containing substrates. The encoded protein is normally found in the Golgi but can be proteolytically processed to a soluble form. This protein, which is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29, can use the same acceptor substrates as does sialyltransferase 4A. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ST3GAL1 | ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a type II membrane protein that catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to galactose-containing substrates. The encoded protein is normally found in the Golgi but can be proteolytically processed to a soluble form. Correct glycosylation of the encoded protein may be critical to its sialyltransferase activity. This protein, which is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29, can use the same acceptor substrates as does sialyltransferase 4B. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. Other transcript variants may exist, but have not been fully characterized yet. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ST3GAL6 | ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 6|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the sialyltransferase family. Members of this family are enzymes that transfer sialic acid from the activated cytidine 5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid to terminal positions on sialylated glycolipids (gangliosides) or to the N- or O-linked sugar chains of glycoproteins. This protein has high specificity for neolactotetraosylceramide and neolactohexaosylceramide as glycolipid substrates and may contribute to the formation of selectin ligands and sialyl Lewis X, a carbohydrate important for cell-to-cell recognition and a blood group antigen. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012] |
| ST3GAL4 | ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 4|This gene encodes a member of the glycosyltransferase 29 family, a group of enzymes involved in protein glycosylation. The encoded protein is targeted to Golgi membranes but may be proteolytically processed and secreted. The gene product may also be involved in the increased expression of sialyl Lewis X antigen seen in inflammatory responses. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| NINJ1 | ninjurin 1|The ninjurin protein is upregulated after nerve injury both in dorsal root ganglion neurons and in Schwann cells (Araki and Milbrandt, 1996 [PubMed 8780658]). It demonstrates properties of a homophilic adhesion molecule and promotes neurite outgrowth from primary cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons.[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2009] |
| SNX21 | sorting nexin family member 21|This gene encodes a member of the sorting nexin family. Members of this family contain a phox (PX) domain, which is a phosphoinositide binding domain, and are involved in intracellular trafficking. This protein does not contain a coiled coil region, like some family members. The specific function of this protein has not been determined. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GALNS | galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase|This gene encodes N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase which is a lysosomal exohydrolase required for the degradation of the glycosaminoglycans, keratan sulfate, and chondroitin 6-sulfate. Sequence alterations including point, missense and nonsense mutations, as well as those that affect splicing, result in a deficiency of this enzyme. Deficiencies of this enzyme lead to Morquio A syndrome, a lysosomal storage disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF451 | zinc finger protein 451| |
| NEK2 | NIMA-related kinase 2|This gene encodes a serine/threonine-protein kinase that is involved in mitotic regulation. This protein is localized to the centrosome, and undetectable during G1 phase, but accumulates progressively throughout the S phase, reaching maximal levels in late G2 phase. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms with distinct C-termini have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| MUS81 | MUS81 structure-specific endonuclease subunit| |
| TJAP1 | tight junction associated protein 1 (peripheral)|This gene encodes a tight junction-associated protein. Incorporation of the encoded protein into tight junctions occurs at a late stage of formation of the junctions. The encoded protein localizes to the Golgi and may function in vesicle trafficking. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. A related pseudogene exists on the X chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| SLC16A9 | solute carrier family 16, member 9| |
| MAGEA12 | melanoma antigen family A12|This gene is closely related to several other genes clustered on chromosome X. These genes may be overexpressed in tumors. Multiple alternatively spliced variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| CYP7B1 | cytochrome P450, family 7, subfamily B, polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein catalyzes the first reaction in the cholesterol catabolic pathway of extrahepatic tissues, which converts cholesterol to bile acids. This enzyme likely plays a minor role in total bile acid synthesis, but may also be involved in the development of atherosclerosis, neurosteroid metabolism and sex hormone synthesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAGEA10 | melanoma antigen family A10|This gene is a member of the MAGEA gene family. The members of this family encode proteins with 50 to 80% sequence identity to each other. The promoters and first exons of the MAGEA genes show considerable variability, suggesting that the existence of this gene family enables the same function to be expressed under different transcriptional controls. The MAGEA genes are clustered at chromosomal location Xq28. They have been implicated in some hereditary disorders, such as dyskeratosis congenita. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the downstream melanoma antigen family A, 5 (MAGEA5) gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| ZNF324B | zinc finger protein 324B| |
| SLC16A1 | solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylate transporter), member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter that catalyzes the movement of many monocarboxylates, such as lactate and pyruvate, across the plasma membrane. Mutations in this gene are associated with erythrocyte lactate transporter defect. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| SLC16A3 | solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylate transporter), member 3|Lactic acid and pyruvate transport across plasma membranes is catalyzed by members of the proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) family, which has been designated solute carrier family-16. Each MCT appears to have slightly different substrate and inhibitor specificities and transport kinetics, which are related to the metabolic requirements of the tissues in which it is found. The MCTs, which include MCT1 (SLC16A1; MIM 600682) and MCT2 (SLC16A7; MIM 603654), are characterized by 12 predicted transmembrane domains (Price et al., 1998 [PubMed 9425115]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SLC16A2 | solute carrier family 16, member 2 (thyroid hormone transporter)|This gene encodes an integral membrane protein that functions as a transporter of thyroid hormone. The encoded protein facilitates the cellular importation of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) and diidothyronine (T2). This gene is expressed in many tissues and likely plays an important role in the development of the central nervous system. Loss of function mutations in this gene are associated with psychomotor retardation in males while females exhibit no neurological defects and more moderate thyroid-deficient phenotypes. This gene is subject to X-chromosome inactivation. Mutations in this gene are the cause of Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| SLC16A5 | solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylate transporter), member 5|This gene encodes a member of the monocarboxylate transporter family and the major facilitator superfamily. The encoded protein is localized to the cell membrane and acts as a proton-linked transporter of bumetanide. Transport by the encoded protein is inhibited by four loop diuretics, nateglinide, thiazides, probenecid, and glibenclamide. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| SLC16A4 | solute carrier family 16, member 4| |
| SLC16A7 | solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylate transporter), member 7|This gene is a member of the monocarboxylate transporter family. Members in this family transport metabolites, such as lactate, pyruvate, and ketone bodies. The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the proton-linked transport of monocarboxylates and has the highest affinity for pyruvate. This protein has been reported to be more highly expressed in prostate and colorectal cancer specimens when compared to control specimens. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| SLC16A6 | solute carrier family 16, member 6| |
| ARHGAP30 | Rho GTPase activating protein 30| |
| ARHGAP31 | Rho GTPase activating protein 31|This gene encodes a GTPase-activating protein (GAP). A variety of cellular processes are regulated by Rho GTPases which cycle between an inactive form bound to GDP and an active form bound to GTP. This cycling between inactive and active forms is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GAPs. The encoded protein is a GAP shown to regulate two GTPases involved in protein trafficking and cell growth. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARHGAP32 | Rho GTPase activating protein 32|RICS is a neuron-associated GTPase-activating protein that may regulate dendritic spine morphology and strength by modulating Rho GTPase (see RHOA; MIM 165390) activity (Okabe et al., 2003 [PubMed 12531901]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ARHGAP33 | Rho GTPase activating protein 33|This gene encodes a member of the sorting nexin family. Members of this family contain a phox (PX) domain, which is a phosphoinositide binding domain, and are involved in intracellular trafficking. Alternative splice variants encoding different isoforms have been identified in this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| BCKDHB | branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1, beta polypeptide|Branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase is a multienzyme complex associated with the inner membrane of mitochondria, and functions in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids. The complex consists of multiple copies of 3 components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). This gene encodes the E1 beta subunit, and mutations therein have been associated with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), type 1B, a disease characterized by a maple syrup odor to the urine in addition to mental and physical retardation, and feeding problems. Alternative splicing at this locus results in transcript variants with different 3' non-coding regions, but encoding the same isoform. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARHGAP35 | Rho GTPase activating protein 35|The human glucocorticoid receptor DNA binding factor, which associates with the promoter region of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (hGR gene), is a repressor of glucocorticoid receptor transcription. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA sequences show the presence of three sequence motifs characteristic of a zinc finger and one motif suggestive of a leucine zipper in which 1 cysteine is found instead of all leucines. The GRLF1 enhances the homologous down-regulation of wild-type hGR gene expression. Biochemical analysis suggests that GRLF1 interaction is sequence specific and that transcriptional efficacy of GRLF1 is regulated through its interaction with specific sequence motif. The level of expression is regulated by glucocorticoids. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARHGAP36 | Rho GTPase activating protein 36| |
| BCKDHA | branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1, alpha polypeptide|The branched-chain alpha-keto acid (BCAA) dehydrogenase (BCKD) complex is an innter mitochondrial enzyme complex that catalyzes the second major step in the catabolism of the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. The BCKD complex consists of three catalytic components: a heterotetrameric (alpha2-beta2) branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), a dihydrolipoyl transacylase (E2), and a dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). This gene encodes the alpha subunit of the decarboxylase (E1) component. Mutations in this gene result in maple syrup urine disease, type IA. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| WIPF3 | WAS/WASL interacting protein family, member 3| |
| ARHGAP39 | Rho GTPase activating protein 39| |
| WIPF1 | WAS/WASL interacting protein family, member 1|This gene encodes a protein that plays an important role in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. The encoded protein binds to a region of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein that is frequently mutated in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, an X-linked recessive disorder. Impairment of the interaction between these two proteins may contribute to the disease. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CMKLR1 | chemerin chemokine-like receptor 1| |
| MON1A | MON1 secretory trafficking family member A| |
| MON1B | MON1 secretory trafficking family member B| |
| DYNLL1 | dynein, light chain, LC8-type 1|Cytoplasmic dyneins are large enzyme complexes with a molecular mass of about 1,200 kD. They contain two force-producing heads formed primarily from dynein heavy chains, and stalks linking the heads to a basal domain, which contains a varying number of accessory intermediate chains. The complex is involved in intracellular transport and motility. The protein described in this record is a light chain and exists as part of this complex but also physically interacts with and inhibits the activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Binding of this protein destabilizes the neuronal nitric oxide synthase dimer, a conformation necessary for activity, and it may regulate numerous biologic processes through its effects on nitric oxide synthase activity. Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LYVE1 | lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1|This gene encodes a type I integral membrane glycoprotein. The encoded protein acts as a receptor and binds to both soluble and immobilized hyaluronan. This protein may function in lymphatic hyaluronan transport and have a role in tumor metastasis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DYNLL2 | dynein, light chain, LC8-type 2| |
| UQCRQ | ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, complex III subunit VII, 9.5kDa|This gene encodes a ubiquinone-binding protein of low molecular mass. This protein is a small core-associated protein and a subunit of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex III, which is part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRICKLE1 | prickle homolog 1 (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a nuclear receptor that may be a negative regulator of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. The encoded protein localizes to the nuclear membrane and has been implicated in the nuclear trafficking of the transcription repressors REST/NRSF and REST4. Mutations in this gene have been linked to progressive myoclonus epilepsy. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 3. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| RBM4B | RNA binding motif protein 4B| |
| HECTD1 | HECT domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1| |
| UQCRH | ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase hinge protein| |
| UQCRB | ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase binding protein|This gene encodes a subunit of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex, which consists of one mitochondrial-encoded and 10 nuclear-encoded subunits. The protein encoded by this gene binds ubiquinone and participates in the transfer of electrons when ubiquinone is bound. This protein plays an important role in hypoxia-induced angiogenesis through mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-mediated signaling. Mutations in this gene are associated with mitochondrial complex III deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 1, 5 and X. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| CACNA1H | calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1H subunit|This gene encodes a T-type member of the alpha-1 subunit family, a protein in the voltage-dependent calcium channel complex. Calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium ions into the cell upon membrane polarization and consist of a complex of alpha-1, alpha-2/delta, beta, and gamma subunits in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. The alpha-1 subunit has 24 transmembrane segments and forms the pore through which ions pass into the cell. There are multiple isoforms of each of the proteins in the complex, either encoded by different genes or the result of alternative splicing of transcripts. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized for the gene described here. Studies suggest certain mutations in this gene lead to childhood absence epilepsy (CAE). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPS1 | G protein pathway suppressor 1|This gene is known to suppress G-protein and mitogen-activated signal transduction in mammalian cells. The encoded protein shares significant similarity with Arabidopsis FUS6, which is a regulator of light-mediated signal transduction in plant cells. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPS2 | G protein pathway suppressor 2|This gene encodes a protein involved in G protein-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades. When overexpressed in mammalian cells, this gene could potently suppress a RAS- and MAPK-mediated signal and interfere with JNK activity, suggesting that the function of this gene may be signal repression. The encoded protein is an integral subunit of the NCOR1-HDAC3 (nuclear receptor corepressor 1-histone deacetylase 3) complex, and it was shown that the complex inhibits JNK activation through this subunit and thus could potentially provide an alternative mechanism for hormone-mediated antagonism of AP1 (activator protein 1) function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SYCP2 | synaptonemal complex protein 2|The synaptonemal complex is a proteinaceous structure that links homologous chromosomes during the prophase of meiosis. The protein encoded by this gene is a major component of the synaptonemal complex and may bind DNA at scaffold attachment regions. The encoded protein requires synaptonemal complex protein 3, but not 1, for inclusion in the synaptonemal complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CACNA1B | calcium channel, voltage-dependent, N type, alpha 1B subunit|The protein encoded by this gene is the pore-forming subunit of an N-type voltage-dependent calcium channel, which controls neurotransmitter release from neurons. The encoded protein forms a complex with alpha-2, beta, and delta subunits to form the high-voltage activated channel. This channel is sensitive to omega-conotoxin-GVIA and omega-agatoxin-IIIA but insensitive to dihydropyridines. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| CACNA1C | calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit|This gene encodes an alpha-1 subunit of a voltage-dependent calcium channel. Calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium ions into the cell upon membrane polarization. The alpha-1 subunit consists of 24 transmembrane segments and forms the pore through which ions pass into the cell. The calcium channel consists of a complex of alpha-1, alpha-2/delta, beta, and gamma subunits in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. There are multiple isoforms of each of these proteins, either encoded by different genes or the result of alternative splicing of transcripts. The protein encoded by this gene binds to and is inhibited by dihydropyridine. Alternative splicing results in many transcript variants encoding different proteins. Some of the predicted proteins may not produce functional ion channel subunits. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| CACNA1D | calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1D subunit|Voltage-dependent calcium channels mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells, and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, and gene expression. Calcium channels are multisubunit complexes composed of alpha-1, beta, alpha-2/delta, and gamma subunits. The channel activity is directed by the pore-forming alpha-1 subunit, whereas the others act as auxiliary subunits regulating this activity. The distinctive properties of the calcium channel types are related primarily to the expression of a variety of alpha-1 isoforms, namely alpha-1A, B, C, D, E, and S. This gene encodes the alpha-1D subunit. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| CACNA1E | calcium channel, voltage-dependent, R type, alpha 1E subunit|Voltage-dependent calcium channels are multisubunit complexes consisting of alpha-1, alpha-2, beta, and delta subunits in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. These channels mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells, and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. This gene encodes the alpha-1E subunit of the R-type calcium channels, which belong to the 'high-voltage activated' group that maybe involved in the modulation of firing patterns of neurons important for information processing. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011] |
| CACNA1F | calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1F subunit|This gene encodes a multipass transmembrane protein that functions as an alpha-1 subunit of the voltage-dependent calcium channel, which mediates the influx of calcium ions into the cell. The encoded protein forms a complex of alpha-1, alpha-2/delta, beta, and gamma subunits in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. Mutations in this gene can cause X-linked eye disorders, including congenital stationary night blindness type 2A, cone-rod dystropy, and Aland Island eye disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| TAOK1 | TAO kinase 1| |
| LAMA2 | laminin, alpha 2|Laminin, an extracellular protein, is a major component of the basement membrane. It is thought to mediate the attachment, migration, and organization of cells into tissues during embryonic development by interacting with other extracellular matrix components. It is composed of three subunits, alpha, beta, and gamma, which are bound to each other by disulfide bonds into a cross-shaped molecule. This gene encodes the alpha 2 chain, which constitutes one of the subunits of laminin 2 (merosin) and laminin 4 (s-merosin). Mutations in this gene have been identified as the cause of congenital merosin-deficient muscular dystrophy. Two transcript variants encoding different proteins have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GLRX5 | glutaredoxin 5|This gene encodes a mitochondrial protein, which is evolutionarily conserved. It is involved in the biogenesis of iron-sulfur clusters, which are required for normal iron homeostasis. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive pyridoxine-refractory sideroblastic anemia. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| GLO1 | glyoxalase I|The enzyme encoded by this gene is responsible for the catalysis and formation of S-lactoyl-glutathione from methylglyoxal condensation and reduced glutatione. Glyoxalase I is linked to HLA and is localized to 6p21.3-p21.1, between HLA and the centromere. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATP6V0D1 | ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 38kDa, V0 subunit d1|This gene encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of eukaryotic intracellular organelles. V-ATPase dependent organelle acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. V-ATPase is composed of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. The V1 domain consists of three A and three B subunits, two G subunits plus the C, D, E, F, and H subunits. The V1 domain contains the ATP catalytic site. The V0 domain consists of five different subunits: a, c, c', c'', and d. Additional isoforms of many of the V1 and V0 subunit proteins are encoded by multiple genes or alternatively spliced transcript variants. This encoded protein is known as the D subunit and is found ubiquitously. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TAOK3 | TAO kinase 3| |
| HAND2 | heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors. This gene product is one of two closely related family members, the HAND proteins, which are asymmetrically expressed in the developing ventricular chambers and play an essential role in cardiac morphogenesis. Working in a complementary fashion, they function in the formation of the right ventricle and aortic arch arteries, implicating them as mediators of congenital heart disease. In addition, this transcription factor plays an important role in limb and branchial arch development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WSB1 | WD repeat and SOCS box containing 1|This gene encodes a member of the WD-protein subfamily. This protein shares a high sequence identity to mouse and chick proteins. It contains several WD-repeats spanning most of the protein and an SOCS box in the C-terminus. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FCAR | Fc fragment of IgA receptor|This gene is a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily and encodes a receptor for the Fc region of IgA. The receptor is a transmembrane glycoprotein present on the surface of myeloid lineage cells such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils, where it mediates immunologic responses to pathogens. It interacts with IgA-opsonized targets and triggers several immunologic defense processes, including phagocytosis, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and stimulation of the release of inflammatory mediators. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FLCN | folliculin|This gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. Mutations in this gene are associated with Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome, which is characterized by fibrofolliculomas, renal tumors, lung cysts, and pneumothorax. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WSB2 | WD repeat and SOCS box containing 2|This gene encodes a member of the WD-protein subfamily. The encoded protein contains five WD-repeats spanning most of the protein and an SOCS box in the C-terminus. The SOCS box may act as a bridge between specific substrate-binding domains and E3 ubiquitin protein ligases. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| BMP8B | bone morphogenetic protein 8b|The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a family of secreted signaling molecules that can induce ectopic bone growth. Many BMPs are part of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. BMPs were originally identified by an ability of demineralized bone extract to induce endochondral osteogenesis in vivo in an extraskeletal site. Based on its expression early in embryogenesis, the BMP encoded by this gene has a proposed role in early development. In addition, the fact that this BMP is closely related to BMP5 and BMP7 has led to speculation of possible bone inductive activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BGLAP | bone gamma-carboxyglutamate (gla) protein| |
| PHB2 | prohibitin 2| |
| SLC15A2 | solute carrier family 15 (oligopeptide transporter), member 2|The mammalian kidney expresses a proton-coupled peptide transporter that is responsible for the absorption of small peptides, as well as beta-lactam antibiotics and other peptide-like drugs, from the tubular filtrate. This transporter, SLC15A2, belongs to the same gene family as SLC15A1 (MIM 600544), the proton-coupled peptide transporter found in the small intestine (Liu et al, 1995 [PubMed 7756356]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2011] |
| SLC15A3 | solute carrier family 15 (oligopeptide transporter), member 3| |
| SLC15A1 | solute carrier family 15 (oligopeptide transporter), member 1|This gene encodes an intestinal hydrogen peptide cotransporter that is a member of the solute carrier family 15. The encoded protein is localized to the brush border membrane of the intestinal epithelium and mediates the uptake of di- and tripeptides from the lumen into the enterocytes. This protein plays an important role in the uptake and digestion of dietary proteins. This protein also facilitates the absorption of numerous peptidomimetic drugs. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| ANGPTL1 | angiopoietin-like 1|Angiopoietins are members of the vascular endothelial growth factor family and the only known growth factors largely specific for vascular endothelium. Angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, and angiopoietin-4 participate in the formation of blood vessels. The protein encoded by this gene is another member of the angiopoietin family that is widely expressed in adult tissues with mRNA levels highest in highly vascularized tissues. This protein was found to be a secretory protein that does not act as an endothelial cell mitogen in vitro. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC15A4 | solute carrier family 15 (oligopeptide transporter), member 4| |
| CARHSP1 | calcium regulated heat stable protein 1, 24kDa| |
| RBM41 | RNA binding motif protein 41| |
| RBM42 | RNA binding motif protein 42| |
| RBM43 | RNA binding motif protein 43| |
| RBM45 | RNA binding motif protein 45|This gene encodes a member of the RNA recognition motif (RRM)-type RNA-binding family of proteins. This protein exhibits preferential binding to poly(C) RNA. Initial cloning of this gene found that the rat ortholog was dynamically expressed in the developing rat brain. This protein has been localized to inclusion bodies in the brain and spinal cord of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's patients. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 8. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| RBM47 | RNA binding motif protein 47| |
| RBM48 | RNA binding motif protein 48| |
| NPY1R | neuropeptide Y receptor Y1|This gene belongs to the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily. The encoded transmembrane protein mediates the function of neuropeptide Y (NPY), a neurotransmitter, and peptide YY (PYY), a gastrointestinal hormone. The encoded receptor undergoes fast agonist-induced internalization through clathrin-coated pits and is subsequently recycled back to the cell membrane. Activation of Y1 receptors may result in mobilization of intracellular calcium and inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| PQBP1 | polyglutamine binding protein 1|This gene encodes a nuclear polyglutamine-binding protein that is involved with transcription activation. The encoded protein contains a WW domain. Mutations in this gene have been found in patients with Renpenning syndrome 1 and other syndromes with X-linked mental retardation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| TTC14 | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 14| |
| TTC17 | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 17| |
| CCDC28A | coiled-coil domain containing 28A|This gene is located in a region close to the locus of the pseudogene of chemokine (C-C motif) receptor-like 1 on chromosome 6. The specific function of this gene has not yet been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TTC13 | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 13| |
| TTC12 | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 12| |
| TTC19 | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 19|This gene encodes a protein with a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain containing several TPRs of about 34 aa each. These repeats are found in a variety of organisms including bacteria, fungi and plants, and are involved in a variety of functions including protein-protein interactions. This protein is embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is involved in the formation of the mitochondrial respiratory chain III. It has also been suggested that this protein plays a role in cytokinesis. Mutations in this gene cause mitochondrial complex III deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012] |
| QRFPR | pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide receptor| |
| C4orf29 | chromosome 4 open reading frame 29| |
| SLBP | stem-loop binding protein|This gene encodes a protein that binds to the stem-loop structure in replication-dependent histone mRNAs. Histone mRNAs do not contain introns or polyadenylation signals, and are processed by endonucleolytic cleavage. The stem-loop structure is essential for efficient processing but this structure also controls the transport, translation and stability of histone mRNAs. Expression of the protein is regulated during the cell cycle, increasing more than 10-fold during the latter part of G1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CNOT1 | CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 1| |
| C4orf22 | chromosome 4 open reading frame 22| |
| C3orf62 | chromosome 3 open reading frame 62| |
| SLC31A1 | solute carrier family 31 (copper transporter), member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a high-affinity copper transporter found in the cell membrane. The encoded protein functions as a homotrimer to effect the uptake of dietary copper. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| SLC31A2 | solute carrier family 31 (copper transporter), member 2| |
| HTR6 | 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 6, G protein-coupled|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor family of proteins. The encoded protein couples with the Gs alpha subunit and stimulates adenylate cyclase to activate the cyclic AMP-dependent signaling pathway. This receptor is thought to regulate cholinergic neuronal transmission in the brain. Several antidepressants and antipsychotic drugs have a high affinity for this receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| ZFP91 | ZFP91 zinc finger protein|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the zinc finger family of proteins. The gene product contains C2H2-type domains, which are the classical zinc finger domains found in numerous nucleic acid-binding proteins. This protein functions as a regulator of the non-canonical NF-kappaB pathway in lymphotoxin-beta receptor signaling. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A read-through transcript variant composed of ZFP91 and the downstream CNTF gene sequence has been identified, but it is thought to be non-coding. Read-through transcription of ZFP91 and CNTF has also been observed in mouse. A ZFP91-related pseudogene has also been identified on chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| RICTOR | RPTOR independent companion of MTOR, complex 2|RICTOR and MTOR (FRAP1; MIM 601231) are components of a protein complex that integrates nutrient- and growth factor-derived signals to regulate cell growth (Sarbassov et al., 2004 [PubMed 15268862]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| LMO1 | LIM domain only 1 (rhombotin 1)|This locus encodes a transcriptional regulator that contains two cysteine-rich LIM domains but lacks a DNA-binding domain. LIM domains may play a role in protein interactions; thus the encoded protein may regulate transcription by competitively binding to specific DNA-binding transcription factors. Alterations at this locus have been associated with acute lymphoblastic T-cell leukemia. Chromosomal rearrangements have been observed between this locus and at least two loci, the delta subunit of the T-cell antigen receptor gene and the LIM domain binding 1 gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| PPM1G | protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent, 1G|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the PP2C family of Ser/Thr protein phosphatases. PP2C family members are known to be negative regulators of cell stress response pathways. This phosphatase is found to be responsible for the dephosphorylation of Pre-mRNA splicing factors, which is important for the formation of functional spliceosome. Studies of a similar gene in mice suggested a role of this phosphatase in regulating cell cycle progression. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| PPM1F | protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent, 1F|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the PP2C family of Ser/Thr protein phosphatases. PP2C family members are known to be negative regulators of cell stress response pathways. This phosphatase can interact with Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (PIX), and thus block the effects of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK), a protein kinase mediating biological effects downstream of Rho GTPases. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma (CAMK2G/CAMK-II) is found to be one of the substrates of this phosphatase. The overexpression of this phosphatase or CAMK2G has been shown to mediate caspase-dependent apoptosis. An alternatively spliced transcript variant has been identified, but its full-length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPM1E | protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent, 1E|This gene encodes a member of the PPM family of serine/threonine-protein phosphatases. The encoded protein is localized to the nucleus and dephosphorylates and inactivates multiple substrates including serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| THEM4 | thioesterase superfamily member 4|Protein kinase B (PKB) is a major downstream target of receptor tyrosine kinases that signal via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Upon cell stimulation, PKB is translocated to the plasma membrane, where it is phosphorylated in the C-terminal regulatory domain. The protein encoded by this gene negatively regulates PKB activity by inhibiting phosphorylation. Transcription of this gene is commonly downregulated in glioblastomas. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ABCF3 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family F (GCN20), member 3| |
| ABCF2 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family F (GCN20), member 2|This gene encodes a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily. ATP-binding casette proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intracellular membranes. Alterations in this gene may be involved in cancer progression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 3 and 7. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| ABCF1 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family F (GCN20), member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the GCN20 subfamily. Unlike other members of the superfamily, this protein lacks the transmembrane domains which are characteristic of most ABC transporters. This protein may be regulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and play a role in enhancement of protein synthesis and the inflammation process. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EGR2 | early growth response 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor with three tandem C2H2-type zinc fingers. Defects in this gene are associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1D (CMT1D), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4E (CMT4E), and with Dejerine-Sottas syndrome (DSS). Multiple transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| C4BPA | complement component 4 binding protein, alpha|This gene encodes a member of a superfamily of proteins composed predominantly of tandemly arrayed short consensus repeats of approximately 60 amino acids. Along with a single, unique beta-chain, seven identical alpha-chains encoded by this gene assemble into the predominant isoform of C4b-binding protein, a multimeric protein that controls activation of the complement cascade through the classical pathway. The genes encoding both alpha and beta chains are located adjacent to each other on human chromosome 1 in the regulator of complement activation gene cluster. Two pseudogenes of this gene are also found in the cluster. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C4BPB | complement component 4 binding protein, beta|This gene encodes a member of a superfamily of proteins composed predominantly of tandemly arrayed short consensus repeats of approximately 60 amino acids. A single, unique beta-chain encoded by this gene assembles with seven identical alpha-chains into the predominant isoform of C4b-binding protein, a multimeric protein that controls activation of the complement cascade through the classical pathway. C4b-binding protein has a regulatory role in the coagulation system also, mediated through the beta-chain binding of protein S, a vitamin K-dependent protein that serves as a cofactor of activated protein C. The genes encoding both alpha and beta chains are located adjacent to each other on human chromosome 1 in the regulator of complement activation gene cluster. Alternative splicing gives rise to multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPM1L | protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent, 1L|PPM1L, or PP2CE, belongs to the PP2C group of serine/threonine phosphatases, which are distinguished from other phosphatases by their structure, absolute requirement for Mg(2+) or Mn(2+), and insensitivity to okadaic acid. PP2Cs regulate stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK; see MIM 601158) signaling cascades that respond to extracellular stimuli (Jin et al., 2004 [PubMed 15560375]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2008] |
| PPM1K | protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent, 1K|This gene encodes a member of the PPM family of Mn2+/Mg2+-dependent protein phosphatases. The encoded protein, essential for cell survival and development, is targeted to the mitochondria where it plays a key role in regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012] |
| PPM1J | protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent, 1J|This gene encodes the serine/threonine protein phosphatase. The mouse homolog of this gene apparently belongs to the protein phosphatase 2C family of genes. The exact function of this gene is not yet known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EGR4 | early growth response 4| |
| PPM1H | protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent, 1H| |
| PJA1 | praja ring finger 1, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This gene encodes an enzyme that has E2-dependent E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. This enzyme belongs to a class of ubiquitin ligases that include a RING finger motif, and it can interact with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH5B. This gene is located in an area of chromosome X where several X-linked mental retardation disorders have been associated, and it has also been found as part of a contiguous gene deletion associated with craniofrontonasal syndrome, though a direct link to any disorder has yet to be demonstrated. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| PJA2 | praja ring finger 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase| |
| CHEK2 | checkpoint kinase 2|In response to DNA damage and replication blocks, cell cycle progression is halted through the control of critical cell cycle regulators. The protein encoded by this gene is a cell cycle checkpoint regulator and putative tumor suppressor. It contains a forkhead-associated protein interaction domain essential for activation in response to DNA damage and is rapidly phosphorylated in response to replication blocks and DNA damage. When activated, the encoded protein is known to inhibit CDC25C phosphatase, preventing entry into mitosis, and has been shown to stabilize the tumor suppressor protein p53, leading to cell cycle arrest in G1. In addition, this protein interacts with and phosphorylates BRCA1, allowing BRCA1 to restore survival after DNA damage. Mutations in this gene have been linked with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a highly penetrant familial cancer phenotype usually associated with inherited mutations in TP53. Also, mutations in this gene are thought to confer a predisposition to sarcomas, breast cancer, and brain tumors. This nuclear protein is a member of the CDS1 subfamily of serine/threonine protein kinases. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| LMO2 | LIM domain only 2 (rhombotin-like 1)|LMO2 encodes a cysteine-rich, two LIM-domain protein that is required for yolk sac erythropoiesis. The LMO2 protein has a central and crucial role in hematopoietic development and is highly conserved. The LMO2 transcription start site is located approximately 25 kb downstream from the 11p13 T-cell translocation cluster (11p13 ttc), where a number T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia-specific translocations occur. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| CHEK1 | checkpoint kinase 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. It is required for checkpoint mediated cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage or the presence of unreplicated DNA. This protein acts to integrate signals from ATM and ATR, two cell cycle proteins involved in DNA damage responses, that also associate with chromatin in meiotic prophase I. Phosphorylation of CDC25A protein phosphatase by this protein is required for cells to delay cell cycle progression in response to double-strand DNA breaks. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| DALRD3 | DALR anticodon binding domain containing 3|The exact function of this gene is not known. It encodes a protein with a DALR anticodon binding domain similar to that of class Ia aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. This gene is located in a cluster of genes (with a complex sense-anti-sense genome architecture) on chromosome 3, and contains two micro RNA (miRNA) precursors (mir-425 and mir-191) in one of its introns. Preferential expression of this gene (the miRNAs and other genes in the cluster) in testis suggests a role of this gene in spermatogenesis (PMID:19906709). [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013] |
| PRKAB2 | protein kinase, AMP-activated, beta 2 non-catalytic subunit|The protein encoded by this gene is a regulatory subunit of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a heterotrimer consisting of an alpha catalytic subunit, and non-catalytic beta and gamma subunits. AMPK is an important energy-sensing enzyme that monitors cellular energy status. In response to cellular metabolic stresses, AMPK is activated, and thus phosphorylates and inactivates acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and beta-hydroxy beta-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), key enzymes involved in regulating de novo biosynthesis of fatty acid and cholesterol. This subunit may be a positive regulator of AMPK activity. It is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and thus may have tissue-specific roles. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| PRKAB1 | protein kinase, AMP-activated, beta 1 non-catalytic subunit|The protein encoded by this gene is a regulatory subunit of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a heterotrimer consisting of an alpha catalytic subunit, and non-catalytic beta and gamma subunits. AMPK is an important energy-sensing enzyme that monitors cellular energy status. In response to cellular metabolic stresses, AMPK is activated, and thus phosphorylates and inactivates acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and beta-hydroxy beta-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), key enzymes involved in regulating de novo biosynthesis of fatty acid and cholesterol. This subunit may be a positive regulator of AMPK activity. The myristoylation and phosphorylation of this subunit have been shown to affect the enzyme activity and cellular localization of AMPK. This subunit may also serve as an adaptor molecule mediating the association of the AMPK complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SIKE1 | suppressor of IKBKE 1|SIKE interacts with IKK-epsilon (IKBKE; MIM 605048) and TBK1 (MIM 604834) and acts as a suppressor of TLR3 (MIM 603029) and virus-triggered interferon activation pathways (Huang et al., 2005 [PubMed 16281057]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PAX5 | paired box 5|This gene encodes a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. The central feature of this gene family is a novel, highly conserved DNA-binding motif, known as the paired box. Paired box transcription factors are important regulators in early development, and alterations in the expression of their genes are thought to contribute to neoplastic transformation. This gene encodes the B-cell lineage specific activator protein that is expressed at early, but not late stages of B-cell differentiation. Its expression has also been detected in developing CNS and testis and so the encoded protein may also play a role in neural development and spermatogenesis. This gene is located at 9p13, which is involved in t(9;14)(p13;q32) translocations recurring in small lymphocytic lymphomas of the plasmacytoid subtype, and in derived large-cell lymphomas. This translocation brings the potent E-mu enhancer of the IgH gene into close proximity of the PAX5 promoter, suggesting that the deregulation of transcription of this gene contributes to the pathogenesis of these lymphomas. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| PAX7 | paired box 7|This gene is a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. Members of this gene family typically contain a paired box domain, an octapeptide, and a paired-type homeodomain. These genes play critical roles during fetal development and cancer growth. The specific function of the paired box 7 gene is unknown but speculated to involve tumor suppression since fusion of this gene with a forkhead domain family member has been associated with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| PAX6 | paired box 6|This gene encodes paired box gene 6, one of many human homologs of the Drosophila melanogaster gene prd. In addition to the hallmark feature of this gene family, a conserved paired box domain, the encoded protein also contains a homeo box domain. Both domains are known to bind DNA and function as regulators of gene transcription. This gene is expressed in the developing nervous system, and in developing eyes. Mutations in this gene are known to cause ocular disorders such as aniridia and Peter's anomaly. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| PAX1 | paired box 1|This gene is a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. Members of the PAX family typically contain a paired box domain and a paired-type homeodomain. These genes play critical roles during fetal development. This gene plays a role in pattern formation during embryogenesis and may be essential for development of the vertebral column. This gene is silenced by methylation in ovarian and cervical cancers and may be a tumor suppressor gene. Mutations in this gene are also associated with vertebral malformations. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| PAX3 | paired box 3|This gene is a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. Members of the PAX family typically contain a paired box domain and a paired-type homeodomain. These genes play critical roles during fetal development. Mutations in paired box gene 3 are associated with Waardenburg syndrome, craniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome, and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. The translocation t(2;13)(q35;q14), which represents a fusion between PAX3 and the forkhead gene, is a frequent finding in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Alternative splicing results in transcripts encoding isoforms with different C-termini. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KPRP | keratinocyte proline-rich protein| |
| PCDHA10 | protocadherin alpha 10|This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHA11 | protocadherin alpha 11|This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHA12 | protocadherin alpha 12|This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHA13 | protocadherin alpha 13|This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PTPN7 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 7|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This gene is preferentially expressed in a variety of hematopoietic cells, and is an early response gene in lymphokine stimulated cells. The non-catalytic N-terminus of this PTP can interact with MAP kinases and suppress the MAP kinase activities. This PTP was shown to be involved in the regulation of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling, which was thought to function through dephosphorylating the molecules related to MAP kinase pathway. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| PAX8 | paired box 8|This gene encodes a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. Members of this gene family typically encode proteins that contain a paired box domain, an octapeptide, and a paired-type homeodomain. This nuclear protein is involved in thyroid follicular cell development and expression of thyroid-specific genes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with thyroid dysgenesis, thyroid follicular carcinomas and atypical follicular thyroid adenomas. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| PTPN5 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 5 (striatum-enriched)| |
| PTPN4 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 4 (megakaryocyte)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This protein contains a C-terminal PTP domain and an N-terminal domain homologous to the band 4.1 superfamily of cytoskeletal-associated proteins. This PTP has been shown to interact with glutamate receptor delta 2 and epsilon subunits, and is thought to play a role in signalling downstream of the glutamate receptors through tyrosine dephosphorylation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GINS2 | GINS complex subunit 2 (Psf2 homolog)|The yeast heterotetrameric GINS complex is made up of Sld5 (GINS4; MIM 610611), Psf1 (GINS1; MIM 610608), Psf2, and Psf3 (GINS3; MIM 610610). The formation of this complex is essential for the initiation of DNA replication in yeast and Xenopus egg extracts (Ueno et al., 2005 [PubMed 16287864]). See GINS1 for additional information about the GINS complex.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| GINS3 | GINS complex subunit 3 (Psf3 homolog)|This gene encodes a protein subunit of the GINS heterotetrameric complex, which is essential for the initiation of DNA replication and replisome progression in eukaryotes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GINS1 | GINS complex subunit 1 (Psf1 homolog)|The yeast heterotetrameric GINS complex is made up of Sld5 (GINS4; MIM 610611), Psf1, Psf2 (GINS2; MIM 610609), and Psf3 (GINS3; MIM 610610). The formation of the GINS complex is essential for the initiation of DNA replication in yeast and Xenopus egg extracts (Ueno et al., 2005 [PubMed 16287864]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| GINS4 | GINS complex subunit 4 (Sld5 homolog)|The yeast heterotetrameric GINS complex is made up of Sld5, Psf1 (GINS1; MIM 610608), Psf2 (GINS2; MIM 610609), and Psf3 (GINS3; MIM 610610). The formation of the GINS complex is essential for the initiation of DNA replication in yeast and Xenopus egg extracts (Ueno et al., 2005 [PubMed 16287864]). See GINS1 for additional information about the GINS complex.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SDF2L1 | stromal cell-derived factor 2-like 1| |
| DDR2 | discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 2|Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play a key role in the communication of cells with their microenvironment. These molecules are involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism. In several cases the biochemical mechanism by which RTKs transduce signals across the membrane has been shown to be ligand induced receptor oligomerization and subsequent intracellular phosphorylation. This autophosphorylation leads to phosphorylation of cytosolic targets as well as association with other molecules, which are involved in pleiotropic effects of signal transduction. RTKs have a tripartite structure with extracellular, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic regions. This gene encodes a member of a novel subclass of RTKs and contains a distinct extracellular region encompassing a factor VIII-like domain. Alternative splicing in the 5' UTR results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SKOR2 | SKI family transcriptional corepressor 2| |
| DDR1 | discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 1|Receptor tyrosine kinases play a key role in the communication of cells with their microenvironment. These kinases are involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation and metabolism. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a subfamily of tyrosine kinase receptors with homology to Dictyostelium discoideum protein discoidin I in their extracellular domain, and that are activated by various types of collagen. Expression of this protein is restricted to epithelial cells, particularly in the kidney, lung, gastrointestinal tract, and brain. In addition, it has been shown to be significantly overexpressed in several human tumors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| BARHL1 | BarH-like homeobox 1| |
| LRCH4 | leucine-rich repeats and calponin homology (CH) domain containing 4|This gene encodes a protein that contains leucine-rich repeats (LRR) at its amino terminus and that is known to be involved in ligand binding. The carboxyl terminus may act as a membrane anchor. Identified structural elements suggest that the encoded protein resembles a receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WASH2P | WAS protein family homolog 2 pseudogene| |
| NNMT | nicotinamide N-methyltransferase|N-methylation is one method by which drug and other xenobiotic compounds are metabolized by the liver. This gene encodes the protein responsible for this enzymatic activity which uses S-adenosyl methionine as the methyl donor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LRCH1 | leucine-rich repeats and calponin homology (CH) domain containing 1|This gene encodes a protein with a leucine-rich repeat and a calponin homology domain. Polymorphism in this gene may be associated with susceptibililty to knee osteoarthritis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| LRCH2 | leucine-rich repeats and calponin homology (CH) domain containing 2|This gene encodes a member of the leucine-rich repeat and calponin homology domain-containing protein family. These family members contain multiple N-terminal leucine-rich repeats, in addition to a C-terminal calponin homology domain, a type of domain that mediates interactions with actin filaments. These proteins are conserved across animal species, and studies of a similar Drosophila protein indicate a function as a cytoskeletal scaffolding protein. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| LRCH3 | leucine-rich repeats and calponin homology (CH) domain containing 3| |
| MBD3L1 | methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3-like 1|This gene encodes a protein that is related to methyl-CpG-binding proteins but lacks the methyl-CpG binding domain. The protein is localized to discrete areas in the nucleus, and expression appears to be restricted to round spermatids, suggesting that the protein plays a role in the postmeiotic stages of male germ cell development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MBD3L2 | methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3-like 2|This gene encodes a protein that is related to methyl-CpG-binding proteins but lacks the methyl-CpG binding domain. The protein has been found in germ cell tumors and some somatic tissues. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNF146 | ring finger protein 146| |
| EPG5 | ectopic P-granules autophagy protein 5 homolog (C. elegans)| |
| PTDSS1 | phosphatidylserine synthase 1|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the formation of phosphatidylserine from either phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine. Phosphatidylserine localizes to the mitochondria-associated membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, where it serves a structural role as well as a signaling role. Defects in this gene are a cause of Lenz-Majewski hyperostotic dwarfism. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| PTDSS2 | phosphatidylserine synthase 2|Phosphatidylserine (PS) accounts for 5 to 10% of cell membrane phospholipids. In addition to its role as a structural component, PS is involved in cell signaling, blood coagulation, and apoptosis. PS is synthesized by a calcium-dependent base-exchange reaction catalyzed by PS synthases (EC 2.7.8.8), like PTDSS2, that exchange L-serine for the polar head group of phosphatidylcholine (PC) or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (Sturbois-Balcerzak et al., 2001 [PubMed 11084049]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2009] |
| AGBL2 | ATP/GTP binding protein-like 2| |
| AGBL1 | ATP/GTP binding protein-like 1|Polyglutamylation is a reversible posttranslational modification catalyzed by polyglutamylases that results in the addition of glutamate side chains on the modified protein. This gene encodes a glutamate decarboxylase that catalyzes the deglutamylation of polyglutamylated proteins. Mutations in this gene result in dominant late-onset Fuchs corneal dystrophy. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| UBE3C | ubiquitin protein ligase E3C| |
| MLIP | muscular LMNA-interacting protein| |
| EVI5L | ecotropic viral integration site 5-like| |
| ANAPC1 | anaphase promoting complex subunit 1|This gene encodes a subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex. This complex is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates progression through the metaphase to anaphase portion of the cell cycle by ubiquitinating proteins which targets them for degradation. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| ALG10B | ALG10B, alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase| |
| ARRB2 | arrestin, beta 2|Members of arrestin/beta-arrestin protein family are thought to participate in agonist-mediated desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors and cause specific dampening of cellular responses to stimuli such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or sensory signals. Arrestin beta 2, like arrestin beta 1, was shown to inhibit beta-adrenergic receptor function in vitro. It is expressed at high levels in the central nervous system and may play a role in the regulation of synaptic receptors. Besides the brain, a cDNA for arrestin beta 2 was isolated from thyroid gland, and thus it may also be involved in hormone-specific desensitization of TSH receptors. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| ARRB1 | arrestin, beta 1|Members of arrestin/beta-arrestin protein family are thought to participate in agonist-mediated desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors and cause specific dampening of cellular responses to stimuli such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or sensory signals. Arrestin beta 1 is a cytosolic protein and acts as a cofactor in the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase (BARK) mediated desensitization of beta-adrenergic receptors. Besides the central nervous system, it is expressed at high levels in peripheral blood leukocytes, and thus the BARK/beta-arrestin system is believed to play a major role in regulating receptor-mediated immune functions. Alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms of arrestin beta 1 have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| CYP2S1 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily S, polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. In rodents, the homologous protein has been shown to metabolize certain carcinogens; however, the specific function of the human protein has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADPRH | ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase|The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes removal of mono-ADP-ribose from arginine residues of proteins in the ADP-ribosylation cycle. Unlike the rat and mouse enzymes that require DTT for maximal activity, the human enzyme is DTT-independent. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| GRK1 | G protein-coupled receptor kinase 1|This gene encodes a member of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor kinase subfamily of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. The protein phosphorylates rhodopsin and initiates its deactivation. Defects in GRK1 are known to cause Oguchi disease 2 (also known as stationary night blindness Oguchi type-2). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NEK9 | NIMA-related kinase 9| |
| ADPRM | ADP-ribose/CDP-alcohol diphosphatase, manganese-dependent| |
| ADORA1 | adenosine A1 receptor|The protein encoded by this gene is an adenosine receptor that belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. There are 3 types of adenosine receptors, each with a specific pattern of ligand binding and tissue distribution, and together they regulate a diverse set of physiologic functions. The type A1 receptors inhibit adenylyl cyclase, and play a role in the fertilization process. Animal studies also suggest a role for A1 receptors in kidney function and ethanol intoxication. Transcript variants with alternative splicing in the 5' UTR have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADI1 | acireductone dioxygenase 1|This gene encodes an enzyme that belongs to the aci-reductone dioxygenase family of metal-binding enzymes, which are involved in methionine salvage. This enzyme may regulate mRNA processing in the nucleus, and may carry out different functions depending on its localization. Related pseudogenes have been defined on chromosomes 8 and 20. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| BPIFB3 | BPI fold containing family B, member 3| |
| SNAP25 | synaptosomal-associated protein, 25kDa|Synaptic vesicle membrane docking and fusion is mediated by SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) located on the vesicle membrane (v-SNAREs) and the target membrane (t-SNAREs). The assembled v-SNARE/t-SNARE complex consists of a bundle of four helices, one of which is supplied by v-SNARE and the other three by t-SNARE. For t-SNAREs on the plasma membrane, the protein syntaxin supplies one helix and the protein encoded by this gene contributes the other two. Therefore, this gene product is a presynaptic plasma membrane protein involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. Two alternative transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZEB1 | zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1|This gene encodes a zinc finger transcription factor. The encoded protein likely plays a role in transcriptional repression of interleukin 2. Mutations in this gene have been associated with posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy-3 and late-onset Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| GPNMB | glycoprotein (transmembrane) nmb|The protein encoded by this gene is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein which shows homology to the pMEL17 precursor, a melanocyte-specific protein. GPNMB shows expression in the lowly metastatic human melanoma cell lines and xenografts but does not show expression in the highly metastatic cell lines. GPNMB may be involved in growth delay and reduction of metastatic potential. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PSMA2 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, alpha type, 2|The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered ring-shaped 20S core structure. The core structure is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes a member of the peptidase T1A family, that is a 20S core alpha subunit. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PSMA3 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, alpha type, 3|The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered ring-shaped 20S core structure. The core structure is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes a member of the peptidase T1A family, that is a 20S core alpha subunit. Two alternative transcripts encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GTF2A1L | general transcription factor IIA, 1-like|The assembly and stability of the RNA polymerase II transcription pre-initiation complex on a eukaryotic core promoter involve the effects of transcription factor IIA (TFIIA) on the interaction between TATA-binding protein (TBP) and DNA. This gene encodes a germ cell-specific counterpart of the large (alpha/beta) subunit of general transcription factor TFIIA that is able to stabilize the binding of TBP to DNA and may be uniquely important to testis biology. Alternative splicing for this locus has been observed and two variants, encoding distinct isoforms, have been identified. Co-transcription of this gene and the neighboring upstream gene generates a rare transcript (SALF), which encodes a fusion protein comprised of sequence sharing identity with each individual gene product. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| PSMA1 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, alpha type, 1|The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered ring-shaped 20S core structure. The core structure is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes a member of the peptidase T1A family, that is a 20S core alpha subunit. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| SLC7A6OS | solute carrier family 7, member 6 opposite strand| |
| PSMA7 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, alpha type, 7|The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. This gene encodes a member of the peptidase T1A family that functions as a 20S core alpha subunit. The encoded protein interacts with the hepatitis B virus X protein and plays a role in regulating hepatitis C virus internal ribosome entry site (IRES) activity, an activity essential for viral replication. The encoded protein also plays a role in the cellular stress response by regulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 9. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| PSMA4 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, alpha type, 4|The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered ring-shaped 20S core structure. The core structure is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes a member of the peptidase T1A family, that is a 20S core alpha subunit. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PSMA5 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, alpha type, 5|The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered ring-shaped 20S core structure. The core structure is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes a member of the peptidase T1A family, that is a 20S core alpha subunit. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding two distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| SLC22A18AS | solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 18 antisense| |
| C2 | complement component 2|Component C2 is a serum glycoprotein that functions as part of the classical pathway of the complement system. Activated C1 cleaves C2 into C2a and C2b. The serine proteinase C2a then combines with complement factor 4b to create the C3 or C5 convertase. Deficiency of C2 has been reported to associated with certain autoimmune diseases and SNPs in this gene have been associated with altered susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration. This gene localizes within the class III region of the MHC on the short arm of chromosome 6. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Additional transcript variants have been described in publications but their full-length sequence has not been determined.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| ZNF107 | zinc finger protein 107|This gene encodes a protein containing multiple C2H2-type zinc finger regions. Proteins containing zinc fingers may act as transcriptional regulators, but may also have other cellular functions. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| DSG1 | desmoglein 1|This gene encodes a member of the desmoglein protein subfamily. Desmogleins, along with desmocollins, are cadherin-like transmembrane glycoproteins that are major components of the desmosome. Desmosomes are cell-cell junctions that help resist shearing forces and are found in high concentrations in cells subject to mechanical stress. This gene is found in a cluster with other desmoglein family members on chromosome 18. The encoded protein has been identified as a target of auto-antibodies in the autoimmune skin blistering disease pemphigus foliaceus. Disruption of this gene has also been associated with the skin diseases palmoplantar keratoderma and erythroderma. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| C7 | complement component 7|C7 is a component of the complement system. It participates in the formation of Membrane Attack Complex (MAC). People with C7 deficiency are prone to bacterial infection. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF100 | zinc finger protein 100| |
| DSG4 | desmoglein 4|This gene encodes a member of the desmoglein subgroup of desmosomal cadherins. The encoded protein is a transmembrane component in desmosomes and may play a role in cell-cell adhesion in epithelial cells. Mutations in the gene are associated with localized autosomal recessive hypotrichosis and potentially in other skin disorders. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| CAPN2 | calpain 2, (m/II) large subunit|The calpains, calcium-activated neutral proteases, are nonlysosomal, intracellular cysteine proteases. The mammalian calpains include ubiquitous, stomach-specific, and muscle-specific proteins. The ubiquitous enzymes consist of heterodimers with distinct large, catalytic subunits associated with a common small, regulatory subunit. This gene encodes the large subunit of the ubiquitous enzyme, calpain 2. Multiple heterogeneous transcriptional start sites in the 5' UTR have been reported. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| FBXO45 | F-box protein 45|Members of the F-box protein family, such as FBXO45, are characterized by an approximately 40-amino acid F-box motif. SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases. F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains (summary by Jin et al., 2004 [PubMed 15520277]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2011] |
| KIF16B | kinesin family member 16B|The protein encoded by this gene is a kinesin-like protein that may be involved in intracellular trafficking. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| FBXO46 | F-box protein 46|Members of the F-box protein family, such as FBXO46, are characterized by an approximately 40-amino acid F-box motif. SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases. F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains (Jin et al., 2004 [PubMed 15520277]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| FBXO41 | F-box protein 41|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family, which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of the SCF ubiquitin protein ligase complex that plays a role in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. F-box proteins are divided into three classes depending on the interaction substrate domain each contains in addition to the F-box motif: FBXW proteins contain WD-40 domains, FBXL proteins contain leucine-rich repeats, and FBXO proteins contain either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the FBXO class. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| FBXO40 | F-box protein 40|Members of the F-box protein family, such as FBXO40, are characterized by an approximately 40-amino acid F-box motif. SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases. F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains (Jin et al., 2004 [PubMed 15520277]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| FBXO43 | F-box protein 43|Members of the F-box protein family, such as FBXO43, are characterized by an approximately 40-amino acid F-box motif. SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases. F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains (Jin et al., 2004 [PubMed 15520277]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| FBXO42 | F-box protein 42|Members of the F-box protein family, such as FBXO42, are characterized by an approximately 40-amino acid F-box motif. SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (SKP1A; MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases. F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains (Jin et al., 2004 [PubMed 15520277]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2010] |
| MGLL | monoglyceride lipase|This gene encodes a serine hydrolase of the AB hydrolase superfamily that catalyzes the conversion of monoacylglycerides to free fatty acids and glycerol. The encoded protein plays a critical role in several physiological processes including pain and nociperception through hydrolysis of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. Expression of this gene may play a role in cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| FBXO48 | F-box protein 48| |
| SH3BP5L | SH3-binding domain protein 5-like| |
| GUCD1 | guanylyl cyclase domain containing 1| |
| EXPH5 | exophilin 5| |
| SEPT14 | septin 14|SEPT14 is a member of the highly conserved septin family of GTP-binding cytoskeletal proteins implicated in membrane transport, apoptosis, cell polarity, cell cycle regulation, cytokinesis, and other cellular functions (Peterson et al., 2007 [PubMed 17922164]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2008] |
| DET1 | de-etiolated homolog 1 (Arabidopsis)| |
| RPS6KA4 | ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90kDa, polypeptide 4|This gene encodes a member of the RSK (ribosomal S6 kinase) family of serine/threonine kinases. This kinase contains 2 non-identical kinase catalytic domains and phosphorylates various substrates, including CREB1 and c-fos. Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene have been observed but have not been thoroughly characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CP | ceruloplasmin (ferroxidase)|The protein encoded by this gene is a metalloprotein that binds most of the copper in plasma and is involved in the peroxidation of Fe(II)transferrin to Fe(III) transferrin. Mutations in this gene cause aceruloplasminemia, which results in iron accumulation and tissue damage, and is associated with diabetes and neurologic abnormalities. Two transcript variants, one protein-coding and the other not protein-coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| RMND5A | required for meiotic nuclear division 5 homolog A (S. cerevisiae)| |
| RMND5B | required for meiotic nuclear division 5 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)| |
| NRBF2 | nuclear receptor binding factor 2| |
| ENKD1 | enkurin domain containing 1| |
| KCNJ2 | potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 2|Potassium channels are present in most mammalian cells, where they participate in a wide range of physiologic responses. The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and inward-rectifier type potassium channel. The encoded protein, which has a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into a cell rather than out of a cell, probably participates in establishing action potential waveform and excitability of neuronal and muscle tissues. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Andersen syndrome, which is characterized by periodic paralysis, cardiac arrhythmias, and dysmorphic features. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNJ1 | potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 1|Potassium channels are present in most mammalian cells, where they participate in a wide range of physiologic responses. The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and inward-rectifier type potassium channel. It is activated by internal ATP and probably plays an important role in potassium homeostasis. The encoded protein has a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into a cell rather than out of a cell. Mutations in this gene have been associated with antenatal Bartter syndrome, which is characterized by salt wasting, hypokalemic alkalosis, hypercalciuria, and low blood pressure. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SEC23B | Sec23 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SEC23 subfamily of the SEC23/SEC24 family, which is involved in vesicle trafficking. The encoded protein has similarity to yeast Sec23p component of COPII. COPII is the coat protein complex responsible for vesicle budding from the ER. The function of this gene product has been implicated in cargo selection and concentration. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified in this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| TRAFD1 | TRAF-type zinc finger domain containing 1|The innate immune system confers host defense against viral and microbial infection, and TRAFD1 is a negative feedback regulator that controls excessive immune responses (Sanada et al., 2008 [PubMed 18849341]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2009] |
| KCNJ6 | potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 6|This gene encodes a member of the G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channel family of inward rectifier potassium channels. This type of potassium channel allows a greater flow of potassium into the cell than out of it. These proteins modulate many physiological processes, including heart rate in cardiac cells and circuit activity in neuronal cells, through G-protein coupled receptor stimulation. Mutations in this gene are associated with Keppen-Lubinsky Syndrome, a rare condition characterized by severe developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, and intellectual disability. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| KCNJ5 | potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 5|Potassium channels are present in most mammalian cells, where they participate in a wide range of physiologic responses. The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and inward-rectifier type potassium channel. The encoded protein, which has a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into a cell rather than out of a cell, is controlled by G-proteins. It may associate with two other G-protein-activated potassium channels to form a heteromultimeric pore-forming complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNJ4 | potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 4|Several different potassium channels are known to be involved with electrical signaling in the nervous system. One class is activated by depolarization whereas a second class is not. The latter are referred to as inwardly rectifying K+ channels, and they have a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. This asymmetry in potassium ion conductance plays a key role in the excitability of muscle cells and neurons. The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and member of the inward rectifier potassium channel family. The encoded protein has a small unitary conductance compared to other members of this protein family. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SEPT11 | septin 11|SEPT11 belongs to the conserved septin family of filament-forming cytoskeletal GTPases that are involved in a variety of cellular functions including cytokinesis and vesicle trafficking (Hanai et al., 2004 [PubMed 15196925]; Nagata et al., 2004 [PubMed 15485874]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2009] |
| KCNJ9 | potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 9|Potassium channels are present in most mammalian cells, where they participate in a wide range of physiologic responses. The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and inward-rectifier type potassium channel. The encoded protein, which has a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into a cell rather than out of a cell, is controlled by G-proteins. It associates with another G-protein-activated potassium channel to form a heteromultimeric pore-forming complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNJ8 | potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 8|Potassium channels are present in most mammalian cells, where they participate in a wide range of physiologic responses. The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and inward-rectifier type potassium channel. The encoded protein, which has a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into a cell rather than out of a cell, is controlled by G-proteins. Defects in this gene may be a cause of J-wave syndromes and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| SEPT10 | septin 10|This gene encodes a member of the septin family of cytoskeletal proteins with GTPase activity. This protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus and displays GTP-binding and GTPase activity. A pseudogene for this gene is located on chromosome 8. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| ATAD5 | ATPase family, AAA domain containing 5| |
| AGPAT5 | 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 5|This gene encodes a member of the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase family. This integral membrane protein converts lysophosphatidic acid to phosphatidic acid, the second step in de novo phospholipid biosynthesis. A pseudogene of this gene is present on the Y chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014] |
| AGPAT4 | 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 4|This gene encodes a member of the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase family. This integral membrane protein converts lysophosphatidic acid to phosphatidic acid, the second step in de novo phospholipid biosynthesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AGPAT3 | 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 3|The protein encoded by this gene is an acyltransferase that converts lysophosphatidic acid into phosphatidic acid, which is the second step in the de novo phospholipid biosynthetic pathway. The encoded protein may be an integral membrane protein. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AGPAT2 | 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2|This gene encodes a member of the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase family. The protein is located within the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and converts lysophosphatidic acid to phosphatidic acid, the second step in de novo phospholipid biosynthesis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL), or Berardinelli-Seip syndrome, a disease characterized by a near absence of adipose tissue and severe insulin resistance. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WAPAL | wings apart-like homolog (Drosophila)| |
| COL1A1 | collagen, type I, alpha 1|This gene encodes the pro-alpha1 chains of type I collagen whose triple helix comprises two alpha1 chains and one alpha2 chain. Type I is a fibril-forming collagen found in most connective tissues and is abundant in bone, cornea, dermis and tendon. Mutations in this gene are associated with osteogenesis imperfecta types I-IV, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VIIA, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Classical type, Caffey Disease and idiopathic osteoporosis. Reciprocal translocations between chromosomes 17 and 22, where this gene and the gene for platelet-derived growth factor beta are located, are associated with a particular type of skin tumor called dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, resulting from unregulated expression of the growth factor. Two transcripts, resulting from the use of alternate polyadenylation signals, have been identified for this gene. [provided by R. Dalgleish, Feb 2008] |
| CRYZ | crystallin, zeta (quinone reductase)|Crystallins are separated into two classes: taxon-specific, or enzyme, and ubiquitous. The latter class constitutes the major proteins of vertebrate eye lens and maintains the transparency and refractive index of the lens. The former class is also called phylogenetically-restricted crystallins. This gene encodes a taxon-specific crystallin protein which has NADPH-dependent quinone reductase activity distinct from other known quinone reductases. It lacks alcohol dehydrogenase activity although by similarity it is considered a member of the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Unlike other mammalian species, in humans, lens expression is low. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. One pseudogene is known to exist. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| KIAA1217 | KIAA1217| |
| KIAA1211 | KIAA1211| |
| AGPAT9 | 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 9|This gene encodes a member of the lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase protein family. The encoded protein is an enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of glycerol-3-phosphate to lysophosphatidic acid in the synthesis of triacylglycerol. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| CMYA5 | cardiomyopathy associated 5| |
| SNX24 | sorting nexin 24| |
| TGIF2LY | TGFB-induced factor homeobox 2-like, Y-linked|This gene encodes a member of the TALE/TGIF homeobox family of transcription factors. This gene lies within the male specific region of chromosome Y, in a block of sequence that is thought to be the result of a large X-to-Y transposition. The C-terminus of this protein is divergent from that of its chromosome X homolog (TGIF2LX), suggesting that this protein may act as a regulator of TGIF2LX. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PEX19 | peroxisomal biogenesis factor 19|This gene is necessary for early peroxisomal biogenesis. It acts both as a cytosolic chaperone and as an import receptor for peroxisomal membrane proteins (PMPs). Peroxins (PEXs) are proteins that are essential for the assembly of functional peroxisomes. The peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs) are a group of genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive, lethal diseases characterized by multiple defects in peroxisome function. These disorders have at least 14 complementation groups, with more than one phenotype being observed for some complementation groups. Although the clinical features of PBD patients vary, cells from all PBD patients exhibit a defect in the import of one or more classes of peroxisomal matrix proteins into the organelle. Defects in this gene are a cause of Zellweger syndrome (ZWS), as well as peroxisome biogenesis disorder complementation group 14 (PBD-CG14), which is also known as PBD-CGJ. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| SORBS1 | sorbin and SH3 domain containing 1|This gene encodes a CBL-associated protein which functions in the signaling and stimulation of insulin. Mutations in this gene may be associated with human disorders of insulin resistance. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| FOXO1 | forkhead box O1|This gene belongs to the forkhead family of transcription factors which are characterized by a distinct forkhead domain. The specific function of this gene has not yet been determined; however, it may play a role in myogenic growth and differentiation. Translocation of this gene with PAX3 has been associated with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LACRT | lacritin|The protein encoded by this gene is highly expressed in the lacrimal glands and localized primarily to secretory granules and secretory fluid. It augments lacrimal acinar cell secretion, promotes ductal cell proliferation, and stimulates signaling through tyrosine phosphorylation and release of calcium. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FOXO4 | forkhead box O4|This gene encodes a member of the O class of winged helix/forkhead transcription factor family. Proteins encoded by this class are regulated by factors involved in growth and differentiation indicating they play a role in these processes. A translocation involving this gene on chromosome X and the homolog of the Drosophila trithorax gene, encoding a DNA binding protein, located on chromosome 11 is associated with leukemia. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| NIP7 | NIP7, nucleolar pre-rRNA processing protein| |
| PEX10 | peroxisomal biogenesis factor 10|This gene encodes a protein involved in import of peroxisomal matrix proteins. This protein localizes to the peroxisomal membrane. Mutations in this gene result in phenotypes within the Zellweger spectrum of peroxisomal biogenesis disorders, ranging from neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy to Zellweger syndrome. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PEX13 | peroxisomal biogenesis factor 13|This gene encodes a peroxisomal membrane protein that binds the type 1 peroxisomal targeting signal receptor via a SH3 domain located in the cytoplasm. Mutations and deficiencies in peroxisomal protein importing and peroxisome assembly lead to peroxisomal biogenesis disorders, an example of which is Zellweger syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| PEX12 | peroxisomal biogenesis factor 12|This gene belongs to the peroxin-12 family. Peroxins (PEXs) are proteins that are essential for the assembly of functional peroxisomes. The peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs) are a group of genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive, lethal diseases characterized by multiple defects in peroxisome function. The peroxisomal biogenesis disorders are a heterogeneous group with at least 14 complementation groups and with more than 1 phenotype being observed in cases falling into particular complementation groups. Although the clinical features of PBD patients vary, cells from all PBD patients exhibit a defect in the import of one or more classes of peroxisomal matrix proteins into the organelle. Defects in this gene are a cause of Zellweger syndrome (ZWS). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| ANGEL2 | angel homolog 2 (Drosophila)| |
| ANGEL1 | angel homolog 1 (Drosophila)| |
| PEX16 | peroxisomal biogenesis factor 16|The protein encoded by this gene is an integral peroxisomal membrane protein. An inactivating nonsense mutation localized to this gene was observed in a patient with Zellweger syndrome of the complementation group CGD/CG9. Expression of this gene product morphologically and biochemically restores the formation of new peroxisomes, suggesting a role in peroxisome organization and biogenesis. Alternative splicing has been observed for this gene and two variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDC37L1 | cell division cycle 37-like 1|CDC37L1 is a cytoplasmic phosphoprotein that exists in complex with HSP90 (HSPCA; MIM 140571) as well as several other proteins involved in HSP90-mediated protein folding (Scholz et al., 2001 [PubMed 11413142]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PP2D1 | protein phosphatase 2C-like domain containing 1| |
| MANBAL | mannosidase, beta A, lysosomal-like| |
| TFRC | transferrin receptor| |
| FRAT1 | frequently rearranged in advanced T-cell lymphomas 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the GSK-3-binding protein family. The protein inhibits GSK-3-mediated phosphorylation of beta-catenin and positively regulates the Wnt signaling pathway. It may function in tumor progression and in lymphomagenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| UNCX | UNC homeobox| |
| TMEM192 | transmembrane protein 192| |
| ODC1 | ornithine decarboxylase 1|This gene encodes the rate-limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway which catalyzes ornithine to putrescine. The activity level for the enzyme varies in response to growth-promoting stimuli and exhibits a high turnover rate in comparison to other mammalian proteins. Originally localized to both chromosomes 2 and 7, the gene encoding this enzyme has been determined to be located on 2p25, with a pseudogene located on 7q31-qter. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| PRRC2C | proline-rich coiled-coil 2C| |
| ACCS | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase homolog (Arabidopsis)(non-functional)| |
| SPAG7 | sperm associated antigen 7| |
| PRRC2A | proline-rich coiled-coil 2A|A cluster of genes, BAT1-BAT5, has been localized in the vicinity of the genes for TNF alpha and TNF beta. These genes are all within the human major histocompatibility complex class III region. This gene has microsatellite repeats which are associated with the age-at-onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and possibly thought to be involved with the inflammatory process of pancreatic beta-cell destruction during the development of IDDM. This gene is also a candidate gene for the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| SPAG5 | sperm associated antigen 5|This gene encodes a protein associated with the mitotic spindle apparatus. The encoded protein may be involved in the functional and dynamic regulation of mitotic spindles. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GIT2 | G protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting ArfGAP 2|This gene encodes a member of the GIT protein family, which interact with G protein-coupled receptor kinases and possess ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity. GIT proteins traffic between cytoplasmic complexes, focal adhesions, and the cell periphery, and interact with Pak interacting exchange factor beta (PIX) to form large oligomeric complexes that transiently recruit other proteins. GIT proteins regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and participate in receptor internalization and membrane trafficking. This gene has been shown to repress lamellipodial extension and focal adhesion turnover, and is thought to regulate cell motility. This gene undergoes extensive alternative splicing to generate multiple isoforms, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. The various isoforms have functional differences, with respect to ARF GAP activity and to G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 binding. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| COG7 | component of oligomeric golgi complex 7|The protein encoded by this gene resides in the golgi, and constitutes one of the 8 subunits of the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, which is required for normal golgi morphology and localization. Mutations in this gene are associated with the congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIe.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| AADAC | arylacetamide deacetylase|Microsomal arylacetamide deacetylase competes against the activity of cytosolic arylamine N-acetyltransferase, which catalyzes one of the initial biotransformation pathways for arylamine and heterocyclic amine carcinogens [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANXA8L1 | annexin A8-like 1|This gene encodes a member of the annexin family of evolutionarily conserved Ca2+ and phospholipid binding proteins. The encoded protein may function as an an anticoagulant that indirectly inhibits the thromboplastin-specific complex. Overexpression of this gene has been associated with acute myelocytic leukemia. A highly similar duplicated copy of this gene is found in close proximity on the long arm of chromosome 10. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| C19orf33 | chromosome 19 open reading frame 33| |
| EPCAM | epithelial cell adhesion molecule|This gene encodes a carcinoma-associated antigen and is a member of a family that includes at least two type I membrane proteins. This antigen is expressed on most normal epithelial cells and gastrointestinal carcinomas and functions as a homotypic calcium-independent cell adhesion molecule. The antigen is being used as a target for immunotherapy treatment of human carcinomas. Mutations in this gene result in congenital tufting enteropathy. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| FAM154A | stabilizer of axonemal microtubules 1| |
| OSTF1 | osteoclast stimulating factor 1|Osteoclast-stimulating factor-1 is an intracellular protein produced by osteoclasts that indirectly induces osteoclast formation and bone resorption (Reddy et al., 1998 [PubMed 10092216]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MINPP1 | multiple inositol-polyphosphate phosphatase 1|This gene encodes multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase; an enzyme that removes 3-phosphate from inositol phosphate substrates. It is the only enzyme known to hydrolzye inositol pentakisphosphate and inositol hexakisphosphate. This enzyme also converts 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) to 2-phosphoglycerate; an activity formerly thought to be exclusive to 2,3-BPG synthase/2-phosphatase (BPGM) in the Rapoport-Luebering shunt of the glycolytic pathway.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| PPP1CB | protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, beta isozyme|The protein encoded by this gene is one of the three catalytic subunits of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). PP1 is a serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase known to be involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes, such as cell division, glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility, protein synthesis, and HIV-1 viral transcription. Mouse studies suggest that PP1 functions as a suppressor of learning and memory. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPP1CC | protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, gamma isozyme|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the protein phosphatase family, PP1 subfamily. PP1 is an ubiquitous serine/threonine phosphatase that regulates many cellular processes, including cell division. It is expressed in mammalian cells as three closely related isoforms, alpha, beta/delta and gamma, which have distinct localization patterns. This gene encodes the gamma isozyme. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| PPP1CA | protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, alpha isozyme|The protein encoded by this gene is one of the three catalytic subunits of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). PP1 is a serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase known to be involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes, such as cell division, glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility, protein synthesis, and HIV-1 viral transcription. Increased PP1 activity has been observed in the end stage of heart failure. Studies in both human and mice suggest that PP1 is an important regulator of cardiac function. Mouse studies also suggest that PP1 functions as a suppressor of learning and memory. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MPPED1 | metallophosphoesterase domain containing 1| |
| MPPED2 | metallophosphoesterase domain containing 2|This gene likely encodes a metallophosphoesterase. The encoded protein may play a role a brain development. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| HTR4 | 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 4, G protein-coupled|This gene is a member of the family of serotonin receptors, which are G protein coupled receptors that stimulate cAMP production in response to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine). The gene product is a glycosylated transmembrane protein that functions in both the peripheral and central nervous system to modulate the release of various neurotransmitters. Multiple transcript variants encoding proteins with distinct C-terminal sequences have been described. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| DCST1 | DC-STAMP domain containing 1|This gene encodes a protein with a domain similar to one found in dendritic cells (PMID:11169400) which play a key role in antigen processing and display for immune responses. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| COL6A1 | collagen, type VI, alpha 1|The collagens are a superfamily of proteins that play a role in maintaining the integrity of various tissues. Collagens are extracellular matrix proteins and have a triple-helical domain as their common structural element. Collagen VI is a major structural component of microfibrils. The basic structural unit of collagen VI is a heterotrimer of the alpha1(VI), alpha2(VI), and alpha3(VI) chains. The alpha2(VI) and alpha3(VI) chains are encoded by the COL6A2 and COL6A3 genes, respectively. The protein encoded by this gene is the alpha 1 subunit of type VI collagen (alpha1(VI) chain). Mutations in the genes that code for the collagen VI subunits result in the autosomal dominant disorder, Bethlem myopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WBP2 | WW domain binding protein 2|The globular WW domain is composed of 38 to 40 semiconserved amino acids shared by proteins of diverse functions including structural, regulatory, and signaling proteins. The domain is involved in mediating protein-protein interactions through the binding of polyproline ligands. This gene encodes a WW domain binding protein, which binds to the WW domain of Yes kinase-associated protein by its PY motifs. The function of this protein has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WBP1 | WW domain binding protein 1|The globular WW domain, named for the conserved tryptophan residues in the protein motif present in various structural and regulatory proteins, is known to play a role in the mediation of protein-protein interactions. This gene encodes a ligand of the WW domain of the Yes kinase-associated protein. Readthrough transcription of the neighboring upstream gene, which encodes INO80 complex subunit B, into this gene generates a non-coding transcript. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| COL6A2 | collagen, type VI, alpha 2|This gene encodes one of the three alpha chains of type VI collagen, a beaded filament collagen found in most connective tissues. The product of this gene contains several domains similar to von Willebrand Factor type A domains. These domains have been shown to bind extracellular matrix proteins, an interaction that explains the importance of this collagen in organizing matrix components. Mutations in this gene are associated with Bethlem myopathy and Ullrich scleroatonic muscular dystrophy. Three transcript variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COL6A5 | collagen, type VI, alpha 5|This gene encodes a member of the collagen superfamily of proteins. The encoded protein contains multiple von Willebrand factor A-like domains and may interact with the alpha 1 and alpha 2 chains of collagen VI to form the complete collagen VI trimer. Polymorphisms in this gene may be linked to dermal phenotypes, such as eczema. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| WBP5 | WW domain binding protein 5|The globular WW domain is composed of 38 to 40 semiconserved amino acids shared by proteins of diverse functions including structural, regulatory, and signaling proteins. The domain is involved in mediating protein-protein interactions through the binding of polyproline ligands. This gene encodes a WW domain binding protein. This gene also encodes a domain with similarity to the transcription elongation factor A, SII-related family. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding a single isoform. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAE1 | ribonucleic acid export 1|Mutations in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Rae1 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gle2 genes have been shown to result in accumulation of poly(A)-containing mRNA in the nucleus, suggesting that the encoded proteins are involved in RNA export. The protein encoded by this gene is a homolog of yeast Rae1. It contains four WD40 motifs, and has been shown to localize to distinct foci in the nucleoplasm, to the nuclear rim, and to meshwork-like structures throughout the cytoplasm. This gene is thought to be involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport, and in directly or indirectly attaching cytoplasmic mRNPs to the cytoskeleton. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KLK13 | kallikrein-related peptidase 13|Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. Expression of this gene is regulated by steroid hormones and may be useful as a marker for breast cancer. An additional transcript variant has been identified, but its full length sequence has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PHKG1 | phosphorylase kinase, gamma 1 (muscle)|This gene is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family and encodes a protein with one protein kinase domain and two calmodulin-binding domains. This protein is the catalytic member of a 16 subunit protein kinase complex which contains equimolar ratios of 4 subunit types. The complex is a crucial glycogenolytic regulatory enzyme. This gene has two pseudogenes at chromosome 7q11.21 and one at chromosome 11p11.12. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| GANAB | glucosidase, alpha; neutral AB| |
| SRP9 | signal recognition particle 9kDa| |
| KLK15 | kallikrein-related peptidase 15|Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. In prostate cancer, this gene has increased expression, which indicates its possible use as a diagnostic or prognostic marker for prostate cancer. The gene contains multiple polyadenylation sites and alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM71C | family with sequence similarity 71, member C| |
| GPR20 | G protein-coupled receptor 20| |
| OGG1 | 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase|This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for the excision of 8-oxoguanine, a mutagenic base byproduct which occurs as a result of exposure to reactive oxygen. The action of this enzyme includes lyase activity for chain cleavage. Alternative splicing of the C-terminal region of this gene classifies splice variants into two major groups, type 1 and type 2, depending on the last exon of the sequence. Type 1 alternative splice variants end with exon 7 and type 2 end with exon 8. All variants share the N-terminal region in common, which contains a mitochondrial targeting signal that is essential for mitochondrial localization. Many alternative splice variants for this gene have been described, but the full-length nature for every variant has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| EOMES | eomesodermin|This gene belongs to the TBR1 (T-box brain protein 1) sub-family of T-box genes that share the common DNA-binding T-box domain. The encoded protein is a transcription factor which is crucial for embryonic development of mesoderm and the central nervous system in vertebrates. The protein may also be necessary for the differentiation of effector CD8+ T cells which are involved in defense against viral infections. A similar gene disrupted in mice is shown to be essential during trophoblast development and gastrulation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| GPR21 | G protein-coupled receptor 21|This gene encodes a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor 1 family. G-protein coupled receptors are membrane proteins which activate signaling cascades as a response to extracellular stress. The encoded protein activates a Gq signal transduction pathway which mobilizes calcium. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| RBMS2 | RNA binding motif, single stranded interacting protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a small family of proteins which bind single stranded DNA/RNA. These proteins are characterized by the presence of two sets of ribonucleoprotein consensus sequence (RNP-CS) that contain conserved motifs, RNP1 and RNP2, originally described in RNA binding proteins, and required for DNA binding. The RBMS proteins have been implicated in such diverse functions as DNA replication, gene transcription, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. This protein was isolated by phenotypic complementation of cdc2 and cdc13 mutants of yeast and is thought to suppress cdc2 and cdc13 mutants through the induction of translation of cdc2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDC23 | cell division cycle 23|The protein encoded by this gene shares strong similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc23, a protein essential for cell cycle progression through the G2/M transition. This protein is a component of anaphase-promoting complex (APC), which is composed of eight protein subunits and highly conserved in eukaryotic cells. APC catalyzes the formation of cyclin B-ubiquitin conjugate that is responsible for the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of B-type cyclins. This protein and 3 other members of the APC complex contain the TPR (tetratricopeptide repeat), a protein domain important for protein-protein interaction. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VSIG10 | V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 10| |
| HIF1AN | hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit inhibitor| |
| GHRL | ghrelin/obestatin prepropeptide|This gene encodes the ghrelin-obestatin preproprotein that is cleaved to yield two peptides, ghrelin and obestatin. Ghrelin is a powerful appetite stimulant and plays an important role in energy homeostasis. Its secretion is initiated when the stomach is empty, whereupon it binds to the growth hormone secretagogue receptor in the hypothalamus which results in the secretion of growth hormone (somatotropin). Ghrelin is thought to regulate multiple activities, including hunger, reward perception via the mesolimbic pathway, gastric acid secretion, gastrointestinal motility, and pancreatic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. It was initially proposed that obestatin plays an opposing role to ghrelin by promoting satiety and thus decreasing food intake, but this action is still debated. Recent reports suggest multiple metabolic roles for obestatin, including regulating adipocyte function and glucose metabolism. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. In addition, antisense transcripts for this gene have been identified and may potentially regulate ghrelin-obestatin preproprotein expression. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| DENND3 | DENN/MADD domain containing 3| |
| SLC34A3 | solute carrier family 34 (type II sodium/phosphate cotransporter), member 3|This gene encodes a member of SLC34A transporter family of proteins, and is expressed primarily in the kidney. It is involved in transporting phosphate into cells via sodium cotransport in the renal brush border membrane, and contributes to the maintenance of inorganic phosphate concentration in the kidney. Mutations in this gene are associated with hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria. Alternatively spliced transcript variants varying in the 5' UTR have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| SLC34A2 | solute carrier family 34 (type II sodium/phosphate cotransporter), member 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a pH-sensitive sodium-dependent phosphate transporter. Phosphate uptake is increased at lower pH. Defects in this gene are a cause of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| CREBRF | CREB3 regulatory factor| |
| PPP1R16A | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 16A| |
| PPP1R16B | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 16B|The protein encoded by this gene is membrane-associated and contains five ankyrin repeats, a protein phosphatase-1-interacting domain, and a carboxy-terminal CAAX box domain. Synthesis of the encoded protein is inhibited by transforming growth factor beta-1. The protein may bind to the membrane through its CAAX box domain and may act as a signaling molecule through interaction with protein phosphatase-1. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified in this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| PLLP | plasmolipin| |
| BLNK | B-cell linker|This gene encodes a cytoplasmic linker or adaptor protein that plays a critical role in B cell development. This protein bridges B cell receptor-associated kinase activation with downstream signaling pathways, thereby affecting various biological functions. The phosphorylation of five tyrosine residues is necessary for this protein to nucleate distinct signaling effectors following B cell receptor activation. Mutations in this gene cause hypoglobulinemia and absent B cells, a disease in which the pro- to pre-B-cell transition is developmentally blocked. Deficiency in this protein has also been shown in some cases of pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| EIF3CL | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit C-like| |
| ADORA3 | adenosine A3 receptor|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the family of adenosine receptors, which are G-protein-coupled receptors that are involved in a variety of intracellular signaling pathways and physiological functions. The receptor encoded by this gene mediates a sustained cardioprotective function during cardiac ischemia, it is involved in the inhibition of neutrophil degranulation in neutrophil-mediated tissue injury, it has been implicated in both neuroprotective and neurodegenerative effects, and it may also mediate both cell proliferation and cell death. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. This gene shares its 5' terminal exon with some transcripts from overlapping GeneID:57413, which encodes an immunoglobulin domain-containing protein. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| USH1C | Usher syndrome 1C (autosomal recessive, severe)|This gene encodes a scaffold protein that functions in the assembly of Usher protein complexes. The protein contains PDZ domains, a coiled-coil region with a bipartite nuclear localization signal and a PEST degradation sequence. Defects in this gene are the cause of Usher syndrome type 1C and non-syndromic sensorineural deafness autosomal recessive type 18. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| KIAA1841 | KIAA1841| |
| UBR2 | ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 2|This gene encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase of the N-end rule proteolytic pathway that targets proteins with destabilizing N-terminal residues for polyubiquitylation and proteasome-mediated degradation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| UBR1 | ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 1|The N-end rule pathway is one proteolytic pathway of the ubiquitin system. The recognition component of this pathway, encoded by this gene, binds to a destabilizing N-terminal residue of a substrate protein and participates in the formation of a substrate-linked multiubiquitin chain. This leads to the eventual degradation of the substrate protein. The protein described in this record has a RING-type zinc finger and a UBR-type zinc finger. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Johanson-Blizzard syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UBR7 | ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 7 (putative)| |
| HSDL1 | hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase like 1| |
| HSDL2 | hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase like 2| |
| NUCB2 | nucleobindin 2|This gene encodes a protein with a suggested role in calcium level maintenance, eating regulation in the hypothalamus, and release of tumor necrosis factor from vascular endothelial cells. This protein binds calcium and has EF-folding domains. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| SOCS5 | suppressor of cytokine signaling 5|The protein encoded by this gene contains a SH2 domain and a SOCS BOX domain. The protein thus belongs to the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family, also known as STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI) protein family. SOCS family members are known to be cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine signaling. The specific function of this protein has not yet been determined. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding an identical protein have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SOCS4 | suppressor of cytokine signaling 4|The protein encoded by this gene contains a SH2 domain and a SOCS BOX domain. The protein thus belongs to the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS), also known as STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI), protein family. SOCS family members are known to be cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine signaling. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SOCS7 | suppressor of cytokine signaling 7| |
| SOCS6 | suppressor of cytokine signaling 6|The protein encoded by this gene contains a SH2 domain and a CIS homolog domain. The protein thus belongs to the cytokine-induced STAT inhibitor (CIS), also known as suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) or STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI), protein family. CIS family members are known to be cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine signaling. The expression of this gene can be induced by GM-CSF and EPO in hematopoietic cells. A high expression level of this gene was found in factor-independent chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and erythroleukemia (HEL) cell lines. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SOCS1 | suppressor of cytokine signaling 1|This gene encodes a member of the STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI), also known as suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS), family. SSI family members are cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine signaling. The expression of this gene can be induced by a subset of cytokines, including IL2, IL3 erythropoietin (EPO), CSF2/GM-CSF, and interferon (IFN)-gamma. The protein encoded by this gene functions downstream of cytokine receptors, and takes part in a negative feedback loop to attenuate cytokine signaling. Knockout studies in mice suggested the role of this gene as a modulator of IFN-gamma action, which is required for normal postnatal growth and survival. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SRPR | signal recognition particle receptor (docking protein)|The gene encodes a subunit of the endoplasmic reticulum signal recognition particle receptor that, in conjunction with the signal recognition particle, is involved in the targeting and translocation of signal sequence tagged secretory and membrane proteins across the endoplasmic reticulum. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| TMA16 | translation machinery associated 16 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| SOCS2 | suppressor of cytokine signaling 2|This gene encodes a member of the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family. SOCS family members are cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine receptor signaling via the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activation of transcription pathway (the JAK/STAT pathway). SOCS family proteins interact with major molecules of signaling complexes to block further signal transduction, in part, by proteasomal depletion of receptors or signal-transducing proteins via ubiquitination. The expression of this gene can be induced by a subset of cytokines, including erythropoietin, GM-CSF, IL10, interferon (IFN)-gamma and by cytokine receptors such as growth horomone receptor. The protein encoded by this gene interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) and is thought to be involved in the regulation of IGF1R mediated cell signaling. This gene has pseudogenes on chromosomes 20 and 22. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| PPP2CA | protein phosphatase 2, catalytic subunit, alpha isozyme|This gene encodes the phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit. Protein phosphatase 2A is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases, and it is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. It consists of a common heteromeric core enzyme, which is composed of a catalytic subunit and a constant regulatory subunit, that associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. This gene encodes an alpha isoform of the catalytic subunit. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PACSIN1 | protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons 1| |
| PPP2CB | protein phosphatase 2, catalytic subunit, beta isozyme|This gene encodes the phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit. Protein phosphatase 2A is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases, and it is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. It consists of a common heteromeric core enzyme, which is composed of a catalytic subunit and a constant regulatory subunit, that associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. This gene encodes a beta isoform of the catalytic subunit. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| CCNY | cyclin Y|Cyclins, such as CCNY, control cell division cycles and regulate cyclin-dependent kinases (e.g., CDC2; MIM 116940) (Li et al., 2009 [PubMed 18060517]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2009] |
| SRPX | sushi-repeat containing protein, X-linked| |
| CCNF | cyclin F|This gene encodes a member of the cyclin family. Cyclins are important regulators of cell cycle transitions through their ability to bind and activate cyclin-dependent protein kinases. This member also belongs to the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of the ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbxs class and it was one of the first proteins in which the F-box motif was identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCNC | cyclin C|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin family of proteins. The encoded protein interacts with cyclin-dependent kinase 8 and induces the phophorylation of the carboxy-terminal domain of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II. The level of mRNAs for this gene peaks in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCNO | cyclin O|This gene encodes a member of the cyclin protein family, and the encoded protein is involved in regulation of the cell cycle. Disruption of this gene is associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia-19. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. This gene, which has a previous symbol of UNG2, was erroneously identified as a uracil DNA glycosylase in PubMed ID: 2001396. A later publication, PubMed ID: 8419333, identified this gene's product as a cyclin protein family member. The UNG2 symbol is also used as a specific protein isoform name for the UNG gene (GeneID 7374), so confusion exists in the scientific literature and in some databases for these two genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| CCNH | cyclin H|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with CDK7 kinase and ring finger protein MAT1. The kinase complex is able to phosphorylate CDK2 and CDC2 kinases, thus functions as a CDK-activating kinase (CAK). This cyclin and its kinase partner are components of TFIIH, as well as RNA polymerase II protein complexes. They participate in two different transcriptional regulation processes, suggesting an important link between basal transcription control and the cell cycle machinery. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 4. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| CCNI | cyclin I|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin shows the highest similarity with cyclin G. The transcript of this gene was found to be expressed constantly during cell cycle progression. The function of this cyclin has not yet been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCNJ | cyclin J| |
| CCNK | cyclin K|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transcription cyclin family. These cyclins may regulate transcription through their association with and activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) that phosphorylate the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II. This gene product may play a dual role in regulating CDK and RNA polymerase II activities. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TBRG1 | transforming growth factor beta regulator 1| |
| TBRG4 | transforming growth factor beta regulator 4| |
| GREM1 | gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist|This gene encodes a member of the BMP (bone morphogenic protein) antagonist family. Like BMPs, BMP antagonists contain cystine knots and typically form homo- and heterodimers. The CAN (cerberus and dan) subfamily of BMP antagonists, to which this gene belongs, is characterized by a C-terminal cystine knot with an eight-membered ring. The antagonistic effect of the secreted glycosylated protein encoded by this gene is likely due to its direct binding to BMP proteins. As an antagonist of BMP, this gene may play a role in regulating organogenesis, body patterning, and tissue differentiation. In mouse, this protein has been shown to relay the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signal from the polarizing region to the apical ectodermal ridge during limb bud outgrowth. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| MUCL1 | mucin-like 1| |
| NCKAP5 | NCK-associated protein 5| |
| GSK3B | glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta|The protein encoded by this gene is a serine-threonine kinase, belonging to the glycogen synthase kinase subfamily. It is involved in energy metabolism, neuronal cell development, and body pattern formation. Polymorphisms in this gene have been implicated in modifying risk of Parkinson disease, and studies in mice show that overexpression of this gene may be relevant to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| IL1R2 | interleukin 1 receptor, type II|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine receptor that belongs to the interleukin 1 receptor family. This protein binds interleukin alpha (IL1A), interleukin beta (IL1B), and interleukin 1 receptor, type I(IL1R1/IL1RA), and acts as a decoy receptor that inhibits the activity of its ligands. Interleukin 4 (IL4) is reported to antagonize the activity of interleukin 1 by inducing the expression and release of this cytokine. This gene and three other genes form a cytokine receptor gene cluster on chromosome 2q12. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants and protein isoforms. Alternative splicing produces both membrane-bound and soluble proteins. A soluble protein is also produced by proteolytic cleavage. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| IL1R1 | interleukin 1 receptor, type I|This gene encodes a cytokine receptor that belongs to the interleukin-1 receptor family. The encoded protein is a receptor for interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. It is an important mediator involved in many cytokine-induced immune and inflammatory responses. This gene is located in a cluster of related cytokine receptor genes on chromosome 2q12. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| PTN | pleiotrophin| |
| JMY | junction mediating and regulatory protein, p53 cofactor| |
| LRRK1 | leucine-rich repeat kinase 1| |
| LRRK2 | leucine-rich repeat kinase 2|This gene is a member of the leucine-rich repeat kinase family and encodes a protein with an ankryin repeat region, a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain, a kinase domain, a DFG-like motif, a RAS domain, a GTPase domain, a MLK-like domain, and a WD40 domain. The protein is present largely in the cytoplasm but also associates with the mitochondrial outer membrane. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Parkinson disease-8. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PTH | parathyroid hormone|The protein encoded by this gene is a hormone secreted by parathyroid cells. This hormone elevates blood Ca2+ level by dissolving the salts in bone and preventing their renal excretion. Defects in this gene are a cause of familial isolated hypoparathyroidism (FIH). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLEKHJ1 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family J member 1| |
| COPE | coatomer protein complex, subunit epsilon|The product of this gene is an epsilon subunit of coatomer protein complex. Coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles. It is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins. Coatomer complex consists of at least the alpha, beta, beta', gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta subunits. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| INVS | inversin|This gene encodes a protein containing multiple ankyrin domains and two IQ calmodulin-binding domains. The encoded protein may function in renal tubular development and function, and in left-right axis determination. This protein interacts with nephrocystin and infers a connection between primary cilia function and left-right axis determination. A similar protein in mice interacts with calmodulin. Mutations in this gene have been associated with nephronophthisis type 2. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| ABHD11 | abhydrolase domain containing 11|This gene encodes a protein containing an alpha/beta hydrolase fold domain. This gene is deleted in Williams syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at 7q11.23. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ABHD12 | abhydrolase domain containing 12|This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), the main endocannabinoid lipid transmitter that acts on cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2. The endocannabinoid system is involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including neurotransmission, mood, appetite, pain appreciation, addiction behavior, and inflammation. Mutations in this gene are associated with the neurodegenerative disease, PHARC (polyneuropathy, hearing loss, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, and cataract), resulting from an inborn error of endocannabinoid metabolism. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| NGRN | neugrin, neurite outgrowth associated| |
| CRMP1 | collapsin response mediator protein 1|This gene encodes a member of a family of cytosolic phosphoproteins expressed exclusively in the nervous system. The encoded protein is thought to be a part of the semaphorin signal transduction pathway implicated in semaphorin-induced growth cone collapse during neural development. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TGFB1I1 | transforming growth factor beta 1 induced transcript 1|This gene encodes a coactivator of the androgen receptor, a transcription factor which is activated by androgen and has a key role in male sexual differentiation. The encoded protein is thought to regulate androgen receptor activity and may have a role to play in the treatment of prostate cancer. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| FN3K | fructosamine 3 kinase|A high concentration of glucose can result in non-enzymatic oxidation of proteins by reaction of glucose and lysine residues (glycation). Proteins modified in this way, fructosamines, are less active or functional. This gene encodes an enzyme which catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructosamines which may result in deglycation. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| PTS | 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase|The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes the elimination of inorganic triphosphate from dihydroneopterin triphosphate, which is the second and irreversible step in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin from GTP. Tetrahydrobiopterin, also known as BH(4), is an essential cofactor and regulator of various enzyme activities, including enzymes involved in serotonin biosynthesis and NO synthase activity. Mutations in this gene result in hyperphenylalaninemia. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| MRPL10 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L10|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. Sequence analysis identified three transcript variants that encode two different isoforms. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 5q. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| MRPL11 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L11|This nuclear gene encodes a 39S subunit component of the mitochondial ribosome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes for this gene are found on chromosomes 5 and 12. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| MRPL12 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L12|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein which forms homodimers. In prokaryotic ribosomes, two L7/L12 dimers and one L10 protein form the L8 protein complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPL13 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L13|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPL14 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L14|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found at 17p13.3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C16orf62 | chromosome 16 open reading frame 62| |
| MRPL16 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L16|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPL17 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L17|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPL18 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L18|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein that belongs to the L18P ribosomal protein family. Three polymorphic sites exist in this gene, one of which is three nt in length which causes an extra aa near the N-terminus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDC25B | cell division cycle 25B|CDC25B is a member of the CDC25 family of phosphatases. CDC25B activates the cyclin dependent kinase CDC2 by removing two phosphate groups and it is required for entry into mitosis. CDC25B shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm due to nuclear localization and nuclear export signals. The protein is nuclear in the M and G1 phases of the cell cycle and moves to the cytoplasm during S and G2. CDC25B has oncogenic properties, although its role in tumor formation has not been determined. Multiple transcript variants for this gene exist. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDC25A | cell division cycle 25A|CDC25A is a member of the CDC25 family of phosphatases. CDC25A is required for progression from G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle. It activates the cyclin-dependent kinase CDC2 by removing two phosphate groups. CDC25A is specifically degraded in response to DNA damage, which prevents cells with chromosomal abnormalities from progressing through cell division. CDC25A is an oncogene, although its exact role in oncogenesis has not been demonstrated. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UAP1 | UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1| |
| LTB4R | leukotriene B4 receptor| |
| ZNF639 | zinc finger protein 639|This gene encodes a member of the Kruppel-like zinc finger family of proteins. Amplification and overexpression of this gene have been observed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The encoded protein has been shown to bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner and may regulate HIV-1 gene expression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| ARPC5 | actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 5, 16kDa|This gene encodes one of seven subunits of the human Arp2/3 protein complex. The Arp2/3 protein complex has been implicated in the control of actin polymerization in cells and has been conserved through evolution. The exact role of the protein encoded by this gene, the p16 subunit, has yet to be determined. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| RNF40 | ring finger protein 40, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger, a motif known to be involved in protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. This protein was reported to interact with the tumor suppressor protein RB1. Studies of the rat counterpart suggested that this protein may function as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, and facilitate the ubiquitination and degradation of syntaxin 1, which is an essential component of the neurotransmitter release machinery. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| ZNF823 | zinc finger protein 823| |
| DCUN1D2 | DCN1, defective in cullin neddylation 1, domain containing 2| |
| DCUN1D3 | DCN1, defective in cullin neddylation 1, domain containing 3| |
| DCUN1D4 | DCN1, defective in cullin neddylation 1, domain containing 4| |
| DCUN1D5 | DCN1, defective in cullin neddylation 1, domain containing 5| |
| TMPRSS15 | transmembrane protease, serine 15|This gene encodes an enzyme that converts the pancreatic proenzyme trypsinogen to trypsin, which activates other proenzymes including chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypeptidases. The precursor protein is cleaved into two chains that form a heterodimer linked by a disulfide bond. This protein is a member of the trypsin family of peptidases. Mutations in this gene cause enterokinase deficiency, a malabsorption disorder characterized by diarrhea and failure to thrive. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ITPR2 | inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor family, whose members are second messenger intracellular calcium release channels. These proteins mediate a rise in cytoplasmic calcium in response to receptor activated production of inositol triphosphate. Inositol triphosphate receptor-mediated signaling is involved in many processes including cell migration, cell division, smooth muscle contraction, and neuronal signaling. This protein is a type 2 receptor that consists of a cytoplasmic amino-terminus that binds inositol triphosphate, six membrane-spanning helices that contribute to the ion pore, and a short cytoplasmic carboxy-terminus. A mutation in this gene has been associated with anhidrosis, suggesting that intracellular calcium release mediated by this protein is required for eccrine sweat production. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| ITPR3 | inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 3|This gene encodes a receptor for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, a second messenger that mediates the release of intracellular calcium. The receptor contains a calcium channel at the C-terminus and the ligand-binding site at the N-terminus. Knockout studies in mice suggest that type 2 and type 3 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors play a key role in exocrine secretion underlying energy metabolism and growth. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| ZNF829 | zinc finger protein 829| |
| RHOJ | ras homolog family member J|This gene encodes one of the many small GTP-binding proteins in the Rho family shown to be associated with focal adhesions in endothelial cells (PMID: 21148427, 22103495). The encoded protein is activated by vascular endothelial growth factor and may regulate angiogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| PADI1 | peptidyl arginine deiminase, type I|This gene encodes a member of the peptidyl arginine deiminase family of enzymes, which catalyze the post-translational deimination of proteins by converting arginine residues into citrullines in the presence of calcium ions. The family members have distinct substrate specificities and tissue-specific expression patterns. The type I enzyme is involved in the late stages of epidermal differentiation, where it deiminates filaggrin and keratin K1, which maintains hydration of the stratum corneum, and hence the cutaneous barrier function. This enzyme may also play a role in hair follicle formation. This gene exists in a cluster with four other paralogous genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KDSR | 3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the reduction of 3-ketodihydrosphingosine to dihydrosphingosine. The putative active site residues of the encoded protein are found on the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. A chromosomal rearrangement involving this gene is a cause of follicular lymphoma, also known as type II chronic lymphatic leukemia. The mutation of a conserved residue in the bovine ortholog causes spinal muscular atrophy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DEPTOR | DEP domain containing MTOR-interacting protein| |
| LRIG2 | leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 2| |
| LRIG1 | leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1| |
| SNCG | synuclein, gamma (breast cancer-specific protein 1)|This gene encodes a member of the synuclein family of proteins which are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Mutations in this gene have also been associated with breast tumor development. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| ERCC6L2 | excision repair cross-complementation group 6-like 2|This gene encodes a member of the Snf2 family of helicase-like proteins. The encoded protein may play a role in DNA repair and mitochondrial function. Mutations in this gene have been associated with bone marrow failure syndrome 2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| MTTP | microsomal triglyceride transfer protein|MTP encodes the large subunit of the heterodimeric microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) completes the heterodimeric microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, which has been shown to play a central role in lipoprotein assembly. Mutations in MTP can cause abetalipoproteinemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CASKIN2 | CASK interacting protein 2|This gene encodes a large protein that contains six ankyrin repeats, as well as a Src homology 3 (SH3) domain and two sterile alpha motif (SAM) domains, which may be involved in protein-protein interactions. The C-terminal portion of this protein is proline-rich and contains a conserved region. A related protein interacts with calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| RNF128 | ring finger protein 128, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|The protein encoded by this gene is a type I transmembrane protein that localizes to the endocytic pathway. This protein contains a RING zinc-finger motif and has been shown to possess E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Expression of this gene in retrovirally transduced T cell hybridoma significantly inhibits activation-induced IL2 and IL4 cytokine production. Induced expression of this gene was observed in anergic CD4(+) T cells, which suggested a role in the induction of anergic phenotype. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AIFM2 | apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated, 2|This gene encodes a flavoprotein oxidoreductase that binds single stranded DNA and is thought to contribute to apoptosis in the presence of bacterial and viral DNA. The expression of this gene is also found to be induced by tumor suppressor protein p53 in colon cancer cells. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| AIFM3 | apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated, 3| |
| RNF125 | ring finger protein 125, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This gene encodes a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase that contains a RING finger domain in the N-terminus and three zinc-binding and one ubiquitin-interacting motif in the C-terminus. As a result of myristoylation, this protein associates with membranes and is primarily localized to intracellular membrane systems. The encoded protein may function as a positive regulator in the T-cell receptor signaling pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| IL17RD | interleukin 17 receptor D|This gene encodes a membrane protein belonging to the interleukin-17 receptor (IL-17R) protein family. The encoded protein is a component of the interleukin-17 receptor signaling complex, and the interaction between this protein and IL-17R does not require the interleukin (PMID: 19079364). The gene product also affects fibroblast growth factor signaling, inhibiting or stimulating growth through MAPK/ERK signaling (PMID: 21663947, 18096367). [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| IL17RC | interleukin 17 receptor C|This gene encodes a single-pass type I membrane protein that shares similarity with the interleukin-17 receptor (IL-17RA). Unlike IL-17RA, which is predominantly expressed in hemopoietic cells, and binds with high affinity to only IL-17A, this protein is expressed in nonhemopoietic tissues, and binds both IL-17A and IL-17F with similar affinities. The proinflammatory cytokines, IL-17A and IL-17F, have been implicated in the progression of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been detected for this gene, and it has been proposed that soluble, secreted proteins lacking transmembrane and intracellular domains may function as extracellular antagonists to cytokine signaling. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| LRRC10B | leucine rich repeat containing 10B| |
| RNF121 | ring finger protein 121|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger, a motif present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and known to be involved in protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been noted for this gene, however, not all are likely to encode viable protein products. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| EBF1 | early B-cell factor 1| |
| ACAN | aggrecan|This gene is a member of the aggrecan/versican proteoglycan family. The encoded protein is an integral part of the extracellular matrix in cartilagenous tissue and it withstands compression in cartilage. Mutations in this gene may be involved in skeletal dysplasia and spinal degeneration. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been observed in this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LAP3 | leucine aminopeptidase 3| |
| POT1 | protection of telomeres 1|This gene is a member of the telombin family and encodes a nuclear protein involved in telomere maintenance. Specifically, this protein functions as a member of a multi-protein complex that binds to the TTAGGG repeats of telomeres, regulating telomere length and protecting chromosome ends from illegitimate recombination, catastrophic chromosome instability, and abnormal chromosome segregation. Increased transcriptional expression of this gene is associated with stomach carcinogenesis and its progression. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD302 | CD302 molecule|CD302 is a C-type lectin receptor involved in cell adhesion and migration, as well as endocytosis and phagocytosis (Kato et al., 2007 [PubMed 17947679]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2008] |
| SACS | sacsin molecular chaperone|This gene encodes the sacsin protein, which includes a UbL domain at the N-terminus, a DnaJ domain, and a HEPN domain at the C-terminus. The gene is highly expressed in the central nervous system, also found in skin, skeletal muscles and at low levels in the pancreas. This gene includes a very large exon spanning more than 12.8 kb. Mutations in this gene result in autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by early-onset cerebellar ataxia with spasticity and peripheral neuropathy. The authors of a publication on the effects of siRNA-mediated sacsin knockdown concluded that sacsin protects against mutant ataxin-1 and suggest that "the large multi-domain sacsin protein is able to recruit Hsp70 chaperone action and has the potential to regulate the effects of other ataxia proteins" (Parfitt et al., PubMed: 19208651). A pseudogene associated with this gene is located on chromosome 11. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| FAM217B | family with sequence similarity 217, member B| |
| MUC5B | mucin 5B, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming|This gene encodes a member of the mucin family of proteins, which are highly glycosylated macromolecular components of mucus secretions. This family member is the major gel-forming mucin in mucus. It is a major contributor to the lubricating and viscoelastic properties of whole saliva, normal lung mucus and cervical mucus. This gene has been found to be up-regulated in some human diseases, including sinus mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), CRS with nasal polyposis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and H. pylori-associated gastric disease, and it may be involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| OPN5 | opsin 5|Opsins are members of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor superfamily. This opsin gene is expressed in the eye, brain, testes, and spinal cord. This gene belongs to the seven-exon subfamily of mammalian opsin genes that includes peropsin (RRH) and retinal G protein coupled receptor (RGR). Like these other seven-exon opsin genes, this family member may encode a protein with photoisomerase activity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| OPN4 | opsin 4|Opsins are members of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor superfamily. This gene encodes a photoreceptive opsin protein that is expressed within the ganglion and amacrine cell layers of the retina. In mouse, retinal ganglion cell axons expressing this gene projected to the suprachiasmatic nucleus and other brain nuclei involved in circadian photoentrainment. In mouse, this protein is coupled to a transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel through a G protein signaling pathway and produces a physiologic light response via membrane depolarization and increased intracellular calcium. The protein functions as a sensory photopigment and may also have photoisomerase activity. Experiments with knockout mice indicate that this gene attenuates, but does not abolish, photoentrainment. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OPN3 | opsin 3|Opsins are members of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor superfamily. In addition to the visual opsins, mammals possess several photoreceptive non-visual opsins that are expressed in extraocular tissues. This gene, opsin 3, is strongly expressed in brain and testis and weakly expressed in liver, placenta, heart, lung, skeletal muscle, kidney, and pancreas. The gene may also be expressed in the retina. The protein has the canonical features of a photoreceptive opsin protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LMNA | lamin A/C|The nuclear lamina consists of a two-dimensional matrix of proteins located next to the inner nuclear membrane. The lamin family of proteins make up the matrix and are highly conserved in evolution. During mitosis, the lamina matrix is reversibly disassembled as the lamin proteins are phosphorylated. Lamin proteins are thought to be involved in nuclear stability, chromatin structure and gene expression. Vertebrate lamins consist of two types, A and B. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Mutations in this gene lead to several diseases: Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, familial partial lipodystrophy, limb girdle muscular dystrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| NCOR1 | nuclear receptor corepressor 1|This gene encodes a protein that mediates ligand-independent transcription repression of thyroid-hormone and retinoic-acid receptors by promoting chromatin condensation and preventing access of the transcription machinery. It is part of a complex which also includes histone deacetylases and transcriptional regulators similar to the yeast protein Sin3p. This gene is located between the Charcot-Marie-Tooth and Smith-Magenis syndrome critical regions on chromosome 17. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 17 and 20.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| SCAPER | S-phase cyclin A-associated protein in the ER| |
| TEK | TEK tyrosine kinase, endothelial|This gene encodes a receptor that belongs to the protein tyrosine kinase Tie2 family. The encoded protein possesses a unique extracellular region that contains two immunoglobulin-like domains, three epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains and three fibronectin type III repeats. The ligand angiopoietin-1 binds to this receptor and mediates a signaling pathway that functions in embryonic vascular development. Mutations in this gene are associated with inherited venous malformations of the skin and mucous membranes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Additional alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but their full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| AVEN | apoptosis, caspase activation inhibitor| |
| ANKRD54 | ankyrin repeat domain 54| |
| HIST2H2AB | histone cluster 2, H2ab|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2A family. Transcripts from this gene contain a palindromic termination element. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TEC | tec protein tyrosine kinase|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Tec family of non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinases containing a pleckstrin homology domain. Tec family kinases are involved in the intracellular signaling mechanisms of cytokine receptors, lymphocyte surface antigens, heterotrimeric G-protein coupled receptors, and integrin molecules. They are also key players in the regulation of the immune functions. Tec kinase is an integral component of T cell signaling and has a distinct role in T cell activation. This gene may be associated with myelodysplastic syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| REPS1 | RALBP1 associated Eps domain containing 1|This gene encodes a signaling adaptor protein with two EH domains that interacts with proteins that participate in signaling, endocytosis and cytoskeletal changes. The encoded protein has been found in association with intersectin 1 and Src homology 3-domain growth factor receptor-bound 2-like (endophilin) interacting protein 1 when intersectin 1 was isolated from clathrin-coated pits. The encoded protein has also been shown to interact with amphiphysin, a cytoplasmic protein at the surface of synaptic vesicles. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| TEF | thyrotrophic embryonic factor|This gene encodes a member of the PAR (proline and acidic amino acid-rich) subfamily of basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors. It is expressed in a broad range of cells and tissues in adult animals, however, during embryonic development, TEF expression appears to be restricted to the developing anterior pituitary gland, coincident with the appearance of thyroid-stimulating hormone, beta (TSHB). Indeed, TEF can bind to, and transactivate the TSHB promoter. It shows homology (in the functional domains) with other members of the PAR-bZIP subfamily of transcription factors, which include albumin D box-binding protein (DBP), human hepatic leukemia factor (HLF) and chicken vitellogenin gene-binding protein (VBP); VBP is considered the chicken homologue of TEF. Different members of the subfamily can readily form heterodimers, and share DNA-binding, and transcriptional regulatory properties. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| REPS2 | RALBP1 associated Eps domain containing 2|The product of this gene is part of a protein complex that regulates the endocytosis of growth factor receptors. The encoded protein directly interacts with a GTPase activating protein that functions downstream of the small G protein Ral. Its expression can negatively affect receptor internalization and inhibit growth factor signaling. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPN3 | GPN-loop GTPase 3| |
| GPN2 | GPN-loop GTPase 2| |
| GPN1 | GPN-loop GTPase 1|This gene encodes a guanosine triphosphatase enzyme. The encoded protein may play a role in DNA repair and may function in activation of transcription. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| TMEM30A | transmembrane protein 30A| |
| NFKB1 | nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1|This gene encodes a 105 kD protein which can undergo cotranslational processing by the 26S proteasome to produce a 50 kD protein. The 105 kD protein is a Rel protein-specific transcription inhibitor and the 50 kD protein is a DNA binding subunit of the NF-kappa-B (NFKB) protein complex. NFKB is a transcription regulator that is activated by various intra- and extra-cellular stimuli such as cytokines, oxidant-free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial or viral products. Activated NFKB translocates into the nucleus and stimulates the expression of genes involved in a wide variety of biological functions. Inappropriate activation of NFKB has been associated with a number of inflammatory diseases while persistent inhibition of NFKB leads to inappropriate immune cell development or delayed cell growth. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| NFKB2 | nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 2 (p49/p100)|This gene encodes a subunit of the transcription factor complex nuclear factor-kappa-B (NFkB). The NFkB complex is expressed in numerous cell types and functions as a central activator of genes involved in inflammation and immune function. The protein encoded by this gene can function as both a transcriptional activator or repressor depending on its dimerization partner. The p100 full-length protein is co-translationally processed into a p52 active form. Chromosomal rearrangements and translocations of this locus have been observed in B cell lymphomas, some of which may result in the formation of fusion proteins. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 18. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| TES | testin LIM domain protein|Cancer-associated chromosomal changes often involve regions containing fragile sites. This gene maps to a commom fragile site on chromosome 7q31.2 designated FRA7G. This gene is similar to mouse Testin, a testosterone-responsive gene encoding a Sertoli cell secretory protein containing three LIM domains. LIM domains are double zinc-finger motifs that mediate protein-protein interactions between transcription factors, cytoskeletal proteins and signaling proteins. This protein is a negative regulator of cell growth and may act as a tumor suppressor. This scaffold protein may also play a role in cell adhesion, cell spreading and in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Multiple protein isoforms are encoded by transcript variants of this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| EBF3 | early B-cell factor 3|This gene encodes a member of the early B-cell factor (EBF) family of DNA binding transcription factors. EBF proteins are involved in B-cell differentiation, bone development and neurogenesis, and may also function as tumor suppressors. The encoded protein inhibits cell survival through the regulation of genes involved in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and aberrant methylation or deletion of this gene may play a role in multiple malignancies including glioblastoma multiforme and gastric carcinoma. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| DNPEP | aspartyl aminopeptidase|The protein encoded by this gene is an aminopeptidase which prefers acidic amino acids, and specifically favors aspartic acid over glutamic acid. It is thought to be a cytosolic protein involved in general metabolism of intracellular proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAP2C | RAP2C, member of RAS oncogene family|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ras-related protein subfamily of the Ras GTPase superfamily. Members of this family are small GTPases that act as molecular switches to regulate cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. This protein has been reported to activate in vitro transcriptional activity of the serum response element. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012] |
| RAB40AL | RAB40A, member RAS oncogene family-like|This gene encodes a member of the Rab40 subfamily of Rab small GTP-binding proteins that contains a C-terminal suppressors of cytokine signaling box. Disruptions in this gene are associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| SIAH1 | siah E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1|This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the seven in absentia homolog (SIAH) family. The protein is an E3 ligase and is involved in ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of specific proteins. The activity of this ubiquitin ligase has been implicated in the development of certain forms of Parkinson's disease, the regulation of the cellular response to hypoxia and induction of apoptosis. Alternative splicing results in several additional transcript variants, some encoding different isoforms and others that have not been fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SIAH2 | siah E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2|This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the seven in absentia homolog (SIAH) family. The protein is an E3 ligase and is involved in ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of specific proteins. The activity of this ubiquitin ligase has been implicated in regulating cellular response to hypoxia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NSA2 | NSA2 ribosome biogenesis homolog (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a nucleolar protein involved in cell cycle regulation and proliferation. This gene was identified based on sequence similarity to a highly conserved Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene encoding a pre-ribosomal protein, which is involved in large ribosomal subunit biogenesis. The encoded protein is found at elevated levels in diabetic nephropathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Several related pseudogenes have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| MAMDC2 | MAM domain containing 2| |
| GPR125 | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor A3|This gene encodes a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. This membrane protein may play a role in tumor angiogenesis through its interaction with the human homolog of the Drosophila disc large tumor suppressor gene. This gene is mapped to a candidate region of chromosome 4 which may be associated with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| LYZL4 | lysozyme-like 4|Lysozymes (see LYZ; MIM 153450), especially C-type lysozymes, are well-recognized bacteriolytic factors widely distributed in the animal kingdom and play a mainly protective role in host defense. LYZL4 is a member of a family of lysozyme-like genes (Zhang et al., 2005 [PubMed 16014814]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2009] |
| CLPTM1L | CLPTM1-like| |
| DDX20 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 20|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein, which has an ATPase activity and is a component of the survival of motor neurons (SMN) complex. This protein interacts directly with SMN, the spinal muscular atrophy gene product, and may play a catalytic role in the function of the SMN complex on RNPs. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PHLPP2 | PH domain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase 2| |
| LDOC1L | leucine zipper, down-regulated in cancer 1-like| |
| PDZRN3 | PDZ domain containing ring finger 3|This gene encodes a member of the LNX (Ligand of Numb Protein-X) family of RING-type ubiquitin E3 ligases. This protein may function in vascular morphogenesis and the differentiation of adipocytes, osteoblasts and myoblasts. This protein may be targeted for degradation by the human papilloma virus E6 protein. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| EMILIN3 | elastin microfibril interfacer 3| |
| EMILIN2 | elastin microfibril interfacer 2| |
| EMILIN1 | elastin microfibril interfacer 1|This gene encodes an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is characterized by an N-terminal microfibril interface domain, a coiled-coiled alpha-helical domain, a collagenous domain and a C-terminal globular C1q domain. The encoded protein associates with elastic fibers at the interface between elastin and microfibrils and may play a role in the development of elastic tissues including large blood vessels, dermis, heart and lung. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| DAPP1 | dual adaptor of phosphotyrosine and 3-phosphoinositides| |
| PIAS2 | protein inhibitor of activated STAT, 2|This gene encodes a member of the protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) family. PIAS proteins function as SUMO E3 ligases and play important roles in many cellular processes by mediating the sumoylation of target proteins. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. Isoforms of the encoded protein enhance the sumoylation of specific target proteins including the p53 tumor suppressor protein, c-Jun, and the androgen receptor. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 4. The symbol MIZ1 has also been associated with ZBTB17 which is a different gene located on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| PIAS3 | protein inhibitor of activated STAT, 3|This gene encodes a member of the PIAS [protein inhibitor of activated STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription)] family of transcriptional modulators. The protein functions as a SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier)-E3 ligase which catalyzes the covalent attachment of a SUMO protein to specific target substrates. It directly binds to several transcription factors and either blocks or enhances their activity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been identified, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CTGF | connective tissue growth factor|The protein encoded by this gene is a mitogen that is secreted by vascular endothelial cells. The encoded protein plays a role in chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, cell adhesion in many cell types, and is related to platelet-derived growth factor. Certain polymorphisms in this gene have been linked with a higher incidence of systemic sclerosis. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| PIAS1 | protein inhibitor of activated STAT, 1|This gene encodes a member of the mammalian PIAS [protein inhibitor of activated STAT-1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-1)] family. This member contains a putative zinc-binding motif and a highly acidic region. It inhibits STAT1-mediated gene activation and the DNA binding activity, binds to Gu protein/RNA helicase II/DEAD box polypeptide 21, and interacts with androgen receptor (AR). It functions in testis as a nuclear receptor transcriptional coregulator and may have a role in AR initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PIAS4 | protein inhibitor of activated STAT, 4| |
| HIVEP1 | human immunodeficiency virus type I enhancer binding protein 1|This gene encodes a transcription factor belonging to the ZAS family, members of which are large proteins that contain a ZAS domain - a modular protein structure consisting of a pair of C2H2 zinc fingers with an acidic-rich region and a serine/threonine-rich sequence. These proteins bind specifically to the DNA sequence motif, GGGACTTTCC, found in the enhancer elements of several viral promoters, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and to related sequences found in the enhancer elements of a number of cellular promoters. This protein binds to this sequence motif, suggesting a role in the transcriptional regulation of both viral and cellular genes. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| HIVEP2 | human immunodeficiency virus type I enhancer binding protein 2|This gene encodes a member of a family of closely related, large, zinc finger-containing transcription factors. The encoded protein regulates transcription by binding to regulatory regions of various cellular and viral genes that maybe involved in growth, development and metastasis. The protein contains the ZAS domain comprised of two widely separated regions of zinc finger motifs, a stretch of highly acidic amino acids and a serine/threonine-rich sequence. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| HIVEP3 | human immunodeficiency virus type I enhancer binding protein 3|This gene encodes a member of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhancer-binding protein family. Members of this protein family contain multiple zinc finger and acid-rich (ZAS) domains and serine-threonine rich regions. This protein acts as a transcription factor and is able to regulate nuclear factor kappaB-mediated transcription by binding the kappaB motif in target genes. This protein also binds the recombination signal sequence that flanks the V, D, and J regions of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptors. Alternate splicing results in both coding and non-coding transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| ZNF311 | zinc finger protein 311| |
| FAM115A | TRPM8 channel-associated factor 1| |
| RASL12 | RAS-like, family 12| |
| ZNF316 | zinc finger protein 316| |
| ZNF317 | zinc finger protein 317| |
| ZNF318 | zinc finger protein 318| |
| ZNF319 | zinc finger protein 319| |
| TEX30 | testis expressed 30| |
| TEX37 | testis expressed 37| |
| TEX36 | testis expressed 36| |
| TEX35 | testis expressed 35| |
| TAF9B | TAF9B RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 31kDa|Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the activities of more than 70 polypeptides. The protein that coordinates these activities is transcription factor IID (TFIID), which binds to the core promoter to position the polymerase properly, serves as the scaffold for assembly of the remainder of the transcription complex, and acts as a channel for regulatory signals. TFIID is composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins known as TBP-associated factors or TAFs. TAFs may participate in basal transcription, serve as coactivators, function in promoter recognition or modify general transcription factors (GTFs) to facilitate complex assembly and transcription initiation. This gene encodes a protein that is similar to one of the small subunits of TFIID, TBP-associated factor 9, and is also a subunit of TFIID. TAF9 and TAF9b share some functions but also have distinct roles in the transcriptional regulatory process. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OVOL2 | ovo-like zinc finger 2| |
| OVOL1 | ovo-like zinc finger 1|This gene encodes a putative zinc finger containing transcription factor that is highly similar to homologous protein in Drosophila and mouse. Based on known functions in these species, this protein is likely involved in hair formation and spermatogenesis in human as well. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| P2RX1 | purinergic receptor P2X, ligand gated ion channel, 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the P2X family of G-protein-coupled receptors. These proteins can form homo-and heterotimers and function as ATP-gated ion channels and mediate rapid and selective permeability to cations. This protein is primarily localized to smooth muscle where binds ATP and mediates synaptic transmission between neurons and from neurons to smooth muscle and may being responsible for sympathetic vasoconstriction in small arteries, arterioles and vas deferens. Mouse studies suggest that this receptor is essential for normal male reproductive function. This protein may also be involved in promoting apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| P2RX3 | purinergic receptor P2X, ligand gated ion channel, 3|The product of this gene belongs to the family of purinoceptors for ATP. This receptor functions as a ligand-gated ion channel and may transduce ATP-evoked nociceptor activation. Mouse studies suggest that this receptor is important for peripheral pain responses, and also participates in pathways controlling urinary bladder volume reflexes. It is possible that the development of selective antagonists for this receptor may have a therapeutic potential in pain relief and in the treatment of disorders of urine storage. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| P2RX2 | purinergic receptor P2X, ligand gated ion channel, 2|The product of this gene belongs to the family of purinoceptors for ATP. This receptor functions as a ligand-gated ion channel. Binding to ATP mediates synaptic transmission between neurons and from neurons to smooth muscle. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| P2RX5 | purinergic receptor P2X, ligand gated ion channel, 5|The product of this gene belongs to the family of purinoceptors for ATP. This receptor functions as a ligand-gated ion channel. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the neighboring downstream gene, TAX1BP3 (Tax1 binding protein 3). [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| M1AP | meiosis 1 associated protein|This gene encodes a protein that is likely to function in progression of meiosis. A similar protein in mouse plays a role in gametogenesis in both sexes. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| P2RX7 | purinergic receptor P2X, ligand gated ion channel, 7|The product of this gene belongs to the family of purinoceptors for ATP. This receptor functions as a ligand-gated ion channel and is responsible for ATP-dependent lysis of macrophages through the formation of membrane pores permeable to large molecules. Activation of this nuclear receptor by ATP in the cytoplasm may be a mechanism by which cellular activity can be coupled to changes in gene expression. Multiple alternatively spliced variants have been identified, most of which fit nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) criteria. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| P2RX6 | purinergic receptor P2X, ligand gated ion channel, 6|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P2X receptors, which are ATP-gated ion channels and mediate rapid and selective permeability to cations. This gene is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle, and regulated by p53. The encoded protein is associated with VE-cadherin at the adherens junctions of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene, which is also located on chromosome 22, has been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| FAM27E3 | family with sequence similarity 27, member E3| |
| HADHB | hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase/enoyl-CoA hydratase (trifunctional protein), beta subunit|This gene encodes the beta subunit of the mitochondrial trifunctional protein, which catalyzes the last three steps of mitochondrial beta-oxidation of long chain fatty acids. The mitochondrial membrane-bound heterocomplex is composed of four alpha and four beta subunits, with the beta subunit catalyzing the 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase activity. The encoded protein can also bind RNA and decreases the stability of some mRNAs. The genes of the alpha and beta subunits of the mitochondrial trifunctional protein are located adjacent to each other in the human genome in a head-to-head orientation. Mutations in this gene result in trifunctional protein deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| HADHA | hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase/enoyl-CoA hydratase (trifunctional protein), alpha subunit|This gene encodes the alpha subunit of the mitochondrial trifunctional protein, which catalyzes the last three steps of mitochondrial beta-oxidation of long chain fatty acids. The mitochondrial membrane-bound heterocomplex is composed of four alpha and four beta subunits, with the alpha subunit catalyzing the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and enoyl-CoA hydratase activities. Mutations in this gene result in trifunctional protein deficiency or LCHAD deficiency. The genes of the alpha and beta subunits of the mitochondrial trifunctional protein are located adjacent to each other in the human genome in a head-to-head orientation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GSTP1 | glutathione S-transferase pi 1|Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of enzymes that play an important role in detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of many hydrophobic and electrophilic compounds with reduced glutathione. Based on their biochemical, immunologic, and structural properties, the soluble GSTs are categorized into 4 main classes: alpha, mu, pi, and theta. This GST family member is a polymorphic gene encoding active, functionally different GSTP1 variant proteins that are thought to function in xenobiotic metabolism and play a role in susceptibility to cancer, and other diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPS19BP1 | ribosomal protein S19 binding protein 1| |
| STPG2 | sperm-tail PG-rich repeat containing 2| |
| OR4C12 | olfactory receptor, family 4, subfamily C, member 12|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COL21A1 | collagen, type XXI, alpha 1|This gene encodes the alpha chain of type XXI collagen, a member of the FACIT collagen family (fibril-associated collagens with interrupted helices). Type XXI collagen is localized to tissues containing type I collagen so, like other members of this collagen family, it may serve to maintain the integrity of the extracellular matrix. An alternatively spliced transcript variant has been described, but its full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RMDN2 | regulator of microtubule dynamics 2| |
| PGRMC2 | progesterone receptor membrane component 2| |
| PGRMC1 | progesterone receptor membrane component 1|This gene encodes a putative membrane-associated progesterone steroid receptor. The protein is expressed predominantly in the liver and kidney. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| KBTBD6 | kelch repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 6| |
| AP4M1 | adaptor-related protein complex 4, mu 1 subunit|This gene encodes a subunit of the heterotetrameric AP-4 complex. The encoded protein belongs to the adaptor complexes medium subunits family. This AP-4 complex is involved in the recognition and sorting of cargo proteins with tyrosine-based motifs from the trans-golgi network to the endosomal-lysosomal system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPR132 | G protein-coupled receptor 132|This gene encodes a member of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. The receptors are seven-pass transmembrane proteins that respond to extracellular cues and activate intracellular signal transduction pathways. This protein was reported to be a receptor for lysophosphatidylcholine action, but PubMedID: 15653487 retracts this finding and instead suggests this protein to be an effector of lysophosphatidylcholine action. This protein may have proton-sensing activity and may be a receptor for oxidized free fatty acids. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| ALS2 | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2 (juvenile)|The protein encoded by this gene contains an ATS1/RCC1-like domain, a RhoGEF domain, and a vacuolar protein sorting 9 (VPS9) domain, all of which are guanine-nucleotide exchange factors that activate members of the Ras superfamily of GTPases. The protein functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the small GTPase RAB5. The protein localizes with RAB5 on early endosomal compartments, and functions as a modulator for endosomal dynamics. Mutations in this gene result in several forms of juvenile lateral sclerosis and infantile-onset ascending spastic paralysis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| PLXNB1 | plexin B1| |
| CXCL13 | chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13|B lymphocyte chemoattractant, independently cloned and named Angie, is an antimicrobial peptide and CXC chemokine strongly expressed in the follicles of the spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches. It preferentially promotes the migration of B lymphocytes (compared to T cells and macrophages), apparently by stimulating calcium influx into, and chemotaxis of, cells expressing Burkitt's lymphoma receptor 1 (BLR-1). It may therefore function in the homing of B lymphocytes to follicles. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| RTF1 | Rtf1, Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component, homolog (S. cerevisiae)|This locus may represent a gene involved in regulation of transcription elongation and chromatin remodeling, based on studies of similar proteins in other organisms. The encoded protein may bind single-stranded DNA. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| DENND1C | DENN/MADD domain containing 1C|Clathrin (see MIM 118955)-mediated endocytosis is a major mechanism for internalization of proteins and lipids. Members of the connecdenn family, such as DENND1C, function as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the early endosomal small GTPase RAB35 (MIM 604199) and bind to clathrin and clathrin adaptor protein-2 (AP2; see MIM 601024). Thus, connecdenns link RAB35 activation with the clathrin machinery (Marat and McPherson, 2010 [PubMed 20154091]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| LRRC58 | leucine rich repeat containing 58| |
| LRRC59 | leucine rich repeat containing 59| |
| SLCO1C1 | solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1C1|This gene encodes a member of the organic anion transporter family. The encoded protein is a transmembrane receptor that mediates the sodium-independent uptake of thyroid hormones in brain tissues. This protein has particularly high affinity for the thyroid hormones thyroxine, tri-iodothyronine and reverse tri-iodothyronine. Polymorphisms in the gene encoding this protein may be associated with fatigue and depression in patients suffering from hyperthyroidism. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| DIS3 | DIS3 exosome endoribonuclease and 3'-5' exoribonuclease| |
| NEUROG1 | neurogenin 1| |
| PIF1 | PIF1 5'-to-3' DNA helicase|This gene encodes a DNA-dependent adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-metabolizing enzyme that functions as a 5' to 3' DNA helicase. The encoded protein can resolve G-quadruplex structures and RNA-DNA hybrids at the ends of chromosomes. It also prevents telomere elongation by inhibiting the actions of telomerase. Alternative splicing and the use of alternative start codons results in multiple isoforms that are differentially localized to either the mitochondria or the nucleus. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| SDHA | succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A, flavoprotein (Fp)|This gene encodes a major catalytic subunit of succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, a complex of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The complex is composed of four nuclear-encoded subunits and is localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Mutations in this gene have been associated with a form of mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency known as Leigh Syndrome. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 3q29. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| BAP1 | BRCA1 associated protein-1 (ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase)|This gene belongs to the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase subfamily of deubiquitinating enzymes that are involved in the removal of ubiquitin from proteins. The encoded enzyme binds to the breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) via the RING finger domain of the latter and acts as a tumor suppressor. In addition, the enzyme may be involved in regulation of transcription, regulation of cell cycle and growth, response to DNA damage and chromatin dynamics. Germline mutations in this gene may be associated with tumor predisposition syndrome (TPDS), which involves increased risk of cancers including malignant mesothelioma, uveal melanoma and cutaneous melanoma. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| SDHB | succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit B, iron sulfur (Ip)|Complex II of the respiratory chain, which is specifically involved in the oxidation of succinate, carries electrons from FADH to CoQ. The complex is composed of four nuclear-encoded subunits and is localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane. The iron-sulfur subunit is highly conserved and contains three cysteine-rich clusters which may comprise the iron-sulfur centers of the enzyme. Sporadic and familial mutations in this gene result in paragangliomas and pheochromocytoma, and support a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and tumorigenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SDHD | succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, integral membrane protein|This gene encodes a member of complex II of the respiratory chain, which is responsible for the oxidation of succinate. The encoded protein is one of two integral membrane proteins anchoring the complex to the matrix side of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Mutations in this gene are associated with the formation of tumors, including hereditary paraganglioma. Transmission of disease occurs almost exclusively through the paternal allele, suggesting that this locus may be maternally imprinted. There are pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 7, and 18. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013] |
| SHARPIN | SHANK-associated RH domain interactor| |
| ZCCHC13 | zinc finger, CCHC domain containing 13|This gene appears to represent an intronless retrocopy of a related multi-exon gene located on chromosome 3. However, the CDS of this intronless gene remains relatively intact, it is conserved in other mammalian species, it is known to be transcribed, and it is therefore thought to encode a functional protein. The encoded protein contains six CCHC-type zinc fingers, and is thus thought to function as a transcription factor. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| ZCCHC12 | zinc finger, CCHC domain containing 12| |
| ZCCHC11 | zinc finger, CCHC domain containing 11|ZCCHC11 is an RNA uridyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.52) that uses UTP to add uridines to the 3-prime end of substrate RNA molecules (Jones et al., 2009 [PubMed 19701194]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2011] |
| ZCCHC10 | zinc finger, CCHC domain containing 10| |
| ZCCHC17 | zinc finger, CCHC domain containing 17| |
| ZCCHC14 | zinc finger, CCHC domain containing 14| |
| AP1M2 | adaptor-related protein complex 1, mu 2 subunit|This gene encodes a subunit of the heterotetrameric adaptor-related protein comlex 1 (AP-1), which belongs to the adaptor complexes medium subunits family. This protein is capable of interacting with tyrosine-based sorting signals. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| AP1M1 | adaptor-related protein complex 1, mu 1 subunit|The protein encoded by this gene is the medium chain of the trans-Golgi network clathrin-associated protein complex AP-1. The other components of this complex are beta-prime-adaptin, gamma-adaptin, and the small chain AP1S1. This complex is located at the Golgi vesicle and links clathrin to receptors in coated vesicles. These vesicles are involved in endocytosis and Golgi processing. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct protein isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FBXO18 | F-box protein, helicase, 18|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family, members of which are characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into three classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbx class. It contains an F-box motif and seven conserved helicase motifs, and has both DNA-dependent ATPase and DNA unwinding activities. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCDC146 | coiled-coil domain containing 146| |
| CCDC141 | coiled-coil domain containing 141| |
| ANKS4B | ankyrin repeat and sterile alpha motif domain containing 4B| |
| DROSHA | drosha, ribonuclease type III|Members of the ribonuclease III superfamily of double-stranded (ds) RNA-specific endoribonucleases participate in diverse RNA maturation and decay pathways in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells (Fortin et al., 2002 [PubMed 12191433]). The RNase III Drosha is the core nuclease that executes the initiation step of microRNA (miRNA) processing in the nucleus (Lee et al., 2003 [PubMed 14508493]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CCDC149 | coiled-coil domain containing 149| |
| CCDC148 | coiled-coil domain containing 148| |
| CYP3A43 | cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 43|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. The encoded protein has a low level of testosterone hydroxylase activity, and may play a role in aging mechanisms and cancer progression. This gene is part of a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes on chromosome 7q21.1. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| CMAS | cytidine monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase|Sialic acids are a family of nine-carbon sugars on cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids that play a pivotal role in determining the structure and function of many animal tissues. The pattern of cell surface sialylation is highly regulated during embryonic development and N-glycosylation is a common post-translational modification during cellular differentiation. Sialic acids play important roles in cell-cell communications and immune responses. Sialylated glycoprotein and glycolipid formation requires the activation of a sialic acid to a cytidine monophosphate (CMP) diester by the enzyme encoded by this gene: CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| SMG7 | SMG7 nonsense mediated mRNA decay factor|This gene encodes a protein that is essential for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD); a process whereby transcripts with premature termination codons are targeted for rapid degradation by a mRNA decay complex. The mRNA decay complex consists, in part, of this protein along with proteins SMG5 and UPF1. The N-terminal domain of this protein is thought to mediate its association with SMG5 or UPF1 while the C-terminal domain interacts with the mRNA decay complex. This protein may therefore couple changes in UPF1 phosphorylation state to the degradation of NMD-candidate transcripts. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| SMG6 | SMG6 nonsense mediated mRNA decay factor|This gene encodes a component of the telomerase ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the replication and maintenance of chromosome ends. The encoded protein also plays a role in the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway, providing the endonuclease activity near the premature translation termination codon that is needed to initiate NMD. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct protein isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| SMG1 | SMG1 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase|This gene encodes a protein involved in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) as part of the mRNA surveillance complex. The protein has kinase activity and is thought to function in NMD by phosphorylating the regulator of nonsense transcripts 1 protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| RAET1G | retinoic acid early transcript 1G|Members of the RAET1 family, such as RAET1G, are major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related genes located within a 180-kb cluster on chromosome 6q24.2-q25.3. RAET1 proteins contain MHC class I-like alpha-1 and alpha-2 domains. RAET1E (MIM 609243) and RAET1G differ from the other RAET1 proteins (e.g., RAET1I, or ULBP1; MIM 605697) in that they have type I membrane-spanning sequences at their C termini rather than glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor sequences. (Radosavljevic et al., 2002 [PubMed 11827464]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| NFRKB | nuclear factor related to kappaB binding protein| |
| TKTL2 | transketolase-like 2| |
| FKBP11 | FK506 binding protein 11, 19 kDa|FKBP11 belongs to the FKBP family of peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases, which catalyze the folding of proline-containing polypeptides. The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity of FKBP proteins is inhibited by the immunosuppressant compounds FK506 and rapamycin (Rulten et al., 2006 [PubMed 16596453]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SYS1 | Sys1 golgi trafficking protein|SYS1 forms a complex with ADP-ribosylation factor-related protein ARFRP1 (MIM 604699) and targets ARFRP1 to the Golgi apparatus (Behnia et al., 2004 [PubMed 15077113]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2009] |
| SMG8 | SMG8 nonsense mediated mRNA decay factor| |
| FAM114A1 | family with sequence similarity 114, member A1| |
| GRWD1 | glutamate-rich WD repeat containing 1|This gene encodes a glutamate-rich protein that contains five WD-repeat motifs. The encoded protein may play a critical role in ribosome biogenesis and may also play a role in histone methylation through interactions with CUL4-DDB1 ubiquitin E3 ligase. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| FAM114A2 | family with sequence similarity 114, member A2| |
| MOB4 | MOB family member 4, phocein|This gene was identified based on its similarity with the mouse counterpart. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggest that the expression of this gene may be regulated during oocyte maturation and preimplantation following zygotic gene activation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. Naturally occurring read-through transcription occurs between this locus and the neighboring locus HSPE1.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| TBX20 | T-box 20|This gene encodes a T-box family member. The T-box family members share a common DNA binding domain, termed the T-box, and they are transcription factors involved in the regulation of developmental processes. This gene is essential for heart development. Mutations in this gene are associated with diverse cardiac pathologies, including defects in septation, valvulogenesis and cardiomyopathy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| FAM3B | family with sequence similarity 3, member B| |
| PCDH11X | protocadherin 11 X-linked|This gene belongs to the protocadherin gene family, a subfamily of the cadherin superfamily. The encoded protein consists of an extracellular domain containing 7 cadherin repeats, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tail that differs from those of the classical cadherins. The gene is located in a major X/Y block of homology and its Y homolog, despite divergence leading to coding region changes, is the most closely related cadherin family member. The protein is thought to play a fundamental role in cell-cell recognition essential for the segmental development and function of the central nervous system. Disruption of this gene may be associated with developmental dyslexia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| PCDH11Y | protocadherin 11 Y-linked|This gene belongs to the protocadherin family, a subfamily of the cadherin superfamily. The encoded protein consists of an extracellular domain containing seven cadherin repeats, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail that differs from those of the classical cadherins. This gene is located on the Y chromosome in a block of X/Y homology and is very closely related to its paralog on the X chromosome. The protein is thought to play a role in cell-cell recognition during development of the central nervous system. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| IGF1R | insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor|This receptor binds insulin-like growth factor with a high affinity. It has tyrosine kinase activity. The insulin-like growth factor I receptor plays a critical role in transformation events. Cleavage of the precursor generates alpha and beta subunits. It is highly overexpressed in most malignant tissues where it functions as an anti-apoptotic agent by enhancing cell survival. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| TBX22 | T-box 22|This gene is a member of a phylogenetically conserved family of genes that share a common DNA-binding domain, the T-box. T-box genes encode transcription factors involved in the regulation of developmental processes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the inherited X-linked disorder, Cleft palate with ankyloglossia, and it is believed to play a major role in human palatogenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LHB | luteinizing hormone beta polypeptide|This gene is a member of the glycoprotein hormone beta chain family and encodes the beta subunit of luteinizing hormone (LH). Glycoprotein hormones are heterodimers consisting of a common alpha subunit and an unique beta subunit which confers biological specificity. LH is expressed in the pituitary gland and promotes spermatogenesis and ovulation by stimulating the testes and ovaries to synthesize steroids. The genes for the beta chains of chorionic gonadotropin and for luteinizing hormone are contiguous on chromosome 19q13.3. Mutations in this gene are associated with hypogonadism which is characterized by infertility and pseudohermaphroditism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAB11FIP2 | RAB11 family interacting protein 2 (class I)| |
| IFNG | interferon, gamma|This gene encodes a member of the type II interferon family. The protein encoded is a soluble cytokine with antiviral, immunoregulatory and anti-tumor properties and is a potent activator of macrophages. Mutations in this gene are associated with aplastic anemia.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| SLC45A4 | solute carrier family 45, member 4| |
| IFNE | interferon, epsilon| |
| SLC45A1 | solute carrier family 45, member 1|This gene was isolated initially from a region on chromosome 1p that is frequently deleted in human neuroblastoma, although no causal relationship has since been demonstrated. The encoded protein belongs to the glycoside-pentoside-hexuronide cation symporter transporter family and may play a role in glucose uptake. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| PTGR1 | prostaglandin reductase 1|This gene encodes an enzyme that is involved in the inactivation of the chemotactic factor, leukotriene B4. The encoded protein specifically catalyzes the NADP+ dependent conversion of leukotriene B4 to 12-oxo-leukotriene B4. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| PTGR2 | prostaglandin reductase 2|This gene encodes an enzyme involved in the metabolism of prostaglandins. The encoded protein catalyzes the NADPH-dependent conversion of 15-keto-prostaglandin E2 to 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-prostaglandin E2. This protein may also be involved in regulating activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| TACO1 | translational activator of mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I|This gene encodes a mitochondrial protein that function as a translational activator of mitochondrially-encoded cytochrome c oxidase 1. Mutations in this gene are associated with Leigh syndrome.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| MTUS1 | microtubule associated tumor suppressor 1|This gene encodes a protein which contains a C-terminal domain able to interact with the angiotension II (AT2) receptor and a large coiled-coil region allowing dimerization. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. One of the transcript variants has been shown to encode a mitochondrial protein that acts as a tumor suppressor and partcipates in AT2 signaling pathways. Other variants may encode nuclear or transmembrane proteins but it has not been determined whether they also participate in AT2 signaling pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OSBPL8 | oxysterol binding protein-like 8|This gene encodes a member of the oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) family, a group of intracellular lipid receptors. Like most members, the encoded protein contains an N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain and a highly conserved C-terminal OSBP-like sterol-binding domain. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OSBPL9 | oxysterol binding protein-like 9|This gene encodes a member of the oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) family, a group of intracellular lipid receptors. Most members contain an N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain and a highly conserved C-terminal OSBP-like sterol-binding domain, although some members contain only the sterol-binding domain. This family member functions as a cholesterol transfer protein that regulates Golgi structure and function. Multiple transcript variants, most of which encode distinct isoforms, have been identified. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 3, 11 and 12. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| IFRD1 | interferon-related developmental regulator 1|This gene is an immediate early gene that encodes a protein related to interferon-gamma. This protein may function as a transcriptional co-activator/repressor that controls the growth and differentiation of specific cell types during embryonic development and tissue regeneration. Mutations in this gene are associated with sensory/motor neuropathy with ataxia. This gene may also be involved in modulating the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis lung disease. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| IFRD2 | interferon-related developmental regulator 2| |
| GMIP | GEM interacting protein|This gene encodes a member of the ARHGAP family of Rho/Rac/Cdc42-like GTPase activating proteins. The encoded protein interacts with the Ras-related protein Gem through its N-terminal domain. Separately, it interacts with RhoA through a RhoGAP domain, and stimulates RhoA-dependent GTPase activity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| OSBPL2 | oxysterol binding protein-like 2|This gene encodes a member of the oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) family, a group of intracellular lipid receptors. Most members contain an N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain and a highly conserved C-terminal OSBP-like sterol-binding domain, although the encoded protein contains only the sterol-binding domain. In vitro studies have shown that the encoded protein can bind strongly to phosphatic acid and weakly to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate, but cannot bind to 25-hydroxycholesterol. The protein associates with the Golgi apparatus. Transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| OSBPL3 | oxysterol binding protein-like 3|This gene encodes a member of the oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) family, a group of intracellular lipid receptors. Most members contain an N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain and a highly conserved C-terminal OSBP-like sterol-binding domain. The encoded protein is involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| ALS2CL | ALS2 C-terminal like| |
| OSBPL6 | oxysterol binding protein-like 6|This gene encodes a member of the oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) family, a group of intracellular lipid receptors. Most members contain an N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain and a highly conserved C-terminal OSBP-like sterol-binding domain. Transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OSBPL5 | oxysterol binding protein-like 5|This gene encodes a member of the oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) family, a group of intracellular lipid receptors that play a key role in the maintenance of cholesterol balance in the body. Most members contain an N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain and a highly conserved C-terminal OSBP-like sterol-binding domain. This gene has been shown to be imprinted, with preferential expression from the maternal allele only in placenta. Transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| ADRA1A | adrenoceptor alpha 1A|Alpha-1-adrenergic receptors (alpha-1-ARs) are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. They activate mitogenic responses and regulate growth and proliferation of many cells. There are 3 alpha-1-AR subtypes: alpha-1A, -1B and -1D, all of which signal through the Gq/11 family of G-proteins and different subtypes show different patterns of activation. This gene encodes alpha-1A-adrenergic receptor. Alternative splicing of this gene generates four transcript variants, which encode four different isoforms with distinct C-termini but having similar ligand binding properties. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADRA1B | adrenoceptor alpha 1B|Alpha-1-adrenergic receptors (alpha-1-ARs) are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. They activate mitogenic responses and regulate growth and proliferation of many cells. There are 3 alpha-1-AR subtypes: alpha-1A, -1B and -1D, all of which signal through the Gq/11 family of G-proteins and different subtypes show different patterns of activation. This gene encodes alpha-1B-adrenergic receptor, which induces neoplastic transformation when transfected into NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and other cell lines. Thus, this normal cellular gene is identified as a protooncogene. This gene comprises 2 exons and a single large intron of at least 20 kb that interrupts the coding region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TEX9 | testis expressed 9| |
| ABO | ABO blood group (transferase A, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase; transferase B, alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase)|This gene encodes proteins related to the first discovered blood group system, ABO. Which allele is present in an individual determines the blood group. The 'O' blood group is caused by a deletion of guanine-258 near the N-terminus of the protein which results in a frameshift and translation of an almost entirely different protein. Individuals with the A, B, and AB alleles express glycosyltransferase activities that convert the H antigen into the A or B antigen. Other minor alleles have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD3EAP | CD3e molecule, epsilon associated protein| |
| TUBB4B | tubulin, beta 4B class IVb| |
| TUBB4A | tubulin, beta 4A class IVa|This gene encodes a member of the beta tubulin family. Beta tubulins are one of two core protein families (alpha and beta tubulins) that heterodimerize and assemble to form microtubules. Mutations in this gene cause hypomyelinating leukodystrophy-6 and autosomal dominant torsion dystonia-4. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| TEX2 | testis expressed 2| |
| POLH | polymerase (DNA directed), eta|This gene encodes a member of the Y family of specialized DNA polymerases. It copies undamaged DNA with a lower fidelity than other DNA-directed polymerases. However, it accurately replicates UV-damaged DNA; when thymine dimers are present, this polymerase inserts the complementary nucleotides in the newly synthesized DNA, thereby bypassing the lesion and suppressing the mutagenic effect of UV-induced DNA damage. This polymerase is thought to be involved in hypermutation during immunoglobulin class switch recombination. Mutations in this gene result in XPV, a variant type of xeroderma pigmentosum. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| ARHGAP17 | Rho GTPase activating protein 17|RICH1 is a GTPase-activating protein (GAP). GAPs stimulate the intrinsic GTP hydrolysis of small G proteins, such as RHOA (MIM 165390), RAC1 (MIM 602048), and CDC42 (MIM 116952).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| STARD8 | StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain containing 8|This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of Rho GTPase activating proteins that contain a steroidogenic acute regulatory protein related lipid transfer domain. The encoded protein localizes to focal adhesions and may be involved in regulating cell morphology. This protein may also function as a tumor suppressor. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| ARHGAP15 | Rho GTPase activating protein 15|RHO GTPases (see ARHA; MIM 165390) regulate diverse biologic processes, and their activity is regulated by RHO GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), such as ARHGAP15 (Seoh et al., 2003 [PubMed 12650940]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ARHGAP12 | Rho GTPase activating protein 12|This gene encodes a member of a large family of proteins that activate Rho-type guanosine triphosphate (GTP) metabolizing enzymes. The encoded protein may be involved in suppressing tumor formation by regulating cell invasion and adhesion. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| ADTRP | androgen-dependent TFPI-regulating protein| |
| ARHGAP10 | Rho GTPase activating protein 10| |
| CWC15 | CWC15 spliceosome-associated protein| |
| STARD7 | StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain containing 7|Although the function of this gene is not known, its existence is supported by mRNA and EST data. The predicted gene product contains a region similar to the STAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain, which is often present in proteins involved in the cell signaling mediated by lipid binding. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, although some transcripts occur only in cancer cell lines. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STARD4 | StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain containing 4|Cholesterol homeostasis is regulated, at least in part, by sterol regulatory element (SRE)-binding proteins (e.g., SREBP1; MIM 184756) and by liver X receptors (e.g., LXRA; MIM 602423). Upon sterol depletion, LXRs are inactive and SREBPs are cleaved, after which they bind promoter SREs and activate genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake. Sterol transport is mediated by vesicles or by soluble protein carriers, such as steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR; MIM 600617). STAR is homologous to a family of proteins containing a 200- to 210-amino acid STAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain, including STARD4 (Soccio et al., 2002 [PubMed 12011452]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ARHGAP19 | Rho GTPase activating protein 19|Members of the ARHGAP family, such as ARHGAP19, encode negative regulators of Rho GTPases (see RHOA; MIM 165390), which are involved in cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation, actin remodeling, and G1 cell cycle progression (Lv et al., 2007 [PubMed 17454002]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| IL7R | interleukin 7 receptor|The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for interleukine 7 (IL7). The function of this receptor requires the interleukin 2 receptor, gamma chain (IL2RG), which is a common gamma chain shared by the receptors of various cytokines, including interleukine 2, 4, 7, 9, and 15. This protein has been shown to play a critical role in the V(D)J recombination during lymphocyte development. This protein is also found to control the accessibility of the TCR gamma locus by STAT5 and histone acetylation. Knockout studies in mice suggested that blocking apoptosis is an essential function of this protein during differentiation and activation of T lymphocytes. The functional defects in this protein may be associated with the pathogenesis of the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| CAPZB | capping protein (actin filament) muscle Z-line, beta|This gene encodes the beta subunit of the barbed-end actin binding protein, which belongs to the F-actin capping protein family. The capping protein is a heterodimeric actin capping protein that blocks actin filament assembly and disassembly at the fast growing (barbed) filament ends and functions in regulating actin filament dynamics as well as in stabilizing actin filament lengths in muscle and nonmuscle cells. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 2. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| C1QL1 | complement component 1, q subcomponent-like 1| |
| GABRG3 | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, gamma 3|This gene encodes a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor. GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain where it acts at GABA-A receptors, which are ligand-gated chloride channels. Chloride conductance of these channels can be modulated by agents such as benzodiazepines that bind to the GABA-A receptor. GABA-A receptors are pentameric, consisting of proteins from several subunit classes: alpha, beta, gamma, delta and rho. The protein encoded by this gene is a gamma subunit, which contains the benzodiazepine binding site. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| ADARB2 | adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B2 (non-functional)|This gene encodes a member of the double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase family of RNA-editing enzymes and may play a regulatory role in RNA editing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GABRG1 | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, gamma 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ligand-gated ionic channel family. It is an integral membrane protein and plays an important role in inhibiting neurotransmission by binding to the benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. This gene is clustered with three other family members on chromosome 4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C1orf27 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 27| |
| DCHS2 | dachsous cadherin-related 2| |
| IMPAD1 | inositol monophosphatase domain containing 1|This gene encodes a member of the inositol monophosphatase family. The encoded protein is localized to the Golgi apparatus and catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphoadenosine phosphate (PAP) to adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Mutations in this gene are a cause of GRAPP type chondrodysplasia with joint dislocations, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| FZD10 | frizzled class receptor 10|This gene is a member of the frizzled gene family. Members of this family encode 7-transmembrane domain proteins that are receptors for the Wingless type MMTV integration site family of signaling proteins. Most frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway. Using array analysis, expression of this intronless gene is significantly up-regulated in two cases of primary colon cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CHKA | choline kinase alpha|The major pathway for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine occurs via the CDP-choline pathway. The protein encoded by this gene is the initial enzyme in the sequence and may play a regulatory role. The encoded protein also catalyzes the phosphorylation of ethanolamine. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CHKB | choline kinase beta|Choline kinase (CK) and ethanolamine kinase (EK) catalyze the phosphorylation of choline/ethanolamine to phosphocholine/phosphoethanolamine. This is the first enzyme in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine in all animal cells. The highly purified CKs from mammalian sources and their recombinant gene products have been shown to have EK activity also, indicating that both activities reside on the same protein. The choline kinase-like protein encoded by CHKL belongs to the choline/ethanolamine kinase family; however, its exact function is not known. Read-through transcripts are expressed from this locus that include exons from the downstream CPT1B locus. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| SIRT6 | sirtuin 6|This gene encodes a member of the sirtuin family of proteins, homologs to the yeast Sir2 protein. Members of the sirtuin family are characterized by a sirtuin core domain and grouped into four classes. The functions of human sirtuins have not yet been determined; however, yeast sirtuin proteins are known to regulate epigenetic gene silencing and suppress recombination of rDNA. Studies suggest that the human sirtuins may function as intracellular regulatory proteins with mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. The protein encoded by this gene is included in class IV of the sirtuin family. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| BMS1 | BMS1 ribosome biogenesis factor|This gene likely encodes a ribosome assembly protein. A similar protein in yeast functions in 35S-rRNA processing, which includes a series of cleavage steps critical for formation of 40S ribosomes. Related pseudogenes exist on chromosomes 2, 9, 10, 15, 16, and 22.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| RASL11A | RAS-like, family 11, member A|RASL11A is a member of the small GTPase protein family with a high degree of similarity to RAS (see HRAS, MIM 190020) proteins.[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2008] |
| CCDC57 | coiled-coil domain containing 57| |
| DMC1 | DNA meiotic recombinase 1|This gene encodes a member of the superfamily of recombinases (also called DNA strand-exchange proteins). Recombinases are important for repairing double-strand DNA breaks during mitosis and meiosis. This protein, which is evolutionarily conserved, is reported to be essential for meiotic homologous recombination and may thus play an important role in generating diversity of genetic information. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| BCDIN3D | BCDIN3 domain containing| |
| AHSA1 | AHA1, activator of heat shock 90kDa protein ATPase homolog 1 (yeast)| |
| AHSA2 | AHA1, activator of heat shock 90kDa protein ATPase homolog 2 (yeast)| |
| MRI1 | methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase 1| |
| MED30 | mediator complex subunit 30|The multiprotein TRAP/Mediator complex facilitates gene expression through a wide variety of transcriptional activators. MED30 is a component of this complex that appears to be metazoan specific (Baek et al., 2002 [PubMed 11909976]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| POLR1E | polymerase (RNA) I polypeptide E, 53kDa| |
| PPP1R3G | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3G| |
| MAPK1IP1L | mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 interacting protein 1-like| |
| PPP1R3F | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3F|This gene encodes a protein that has been identified as one of several type-1 protein phosphatase (PP1) regulatory subunits. One or two of these subunits, together with the well-conserved catalytic subunit, can form the PP1 holoenzyme, where the regulatory subunit functions to regulate substrate specificity and/or targeting to a particular cellular compartment. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| DST | dystonin|This gene encodes a member of the plakin protein family of adhesion junction plaque proteins. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been defined. It has been reported that some isoforms are expressed in neural and muscle tissue, anchoring neural intermediate filaments to the actin cytoskeleton, and some isoforms are expressed in epithelial tissue, anchoring keratin-containing intermediate filaments to hemidesmosomes. Consistent with the expression, mice defective for this gene show skin blistering and neurodegeneration. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| DSP | desmoplakin|Desmosomes are intercellular junctions that tightly link adjacent cells. Desmoplakin is an obligate component of functional desmosomes that anchors intermediate filaments to desmosomal plaques. The N-terminus of desmoplakin is required for localization to the desmosome and interacts with the N-terminal region of plakophilin 1 and plakoglobin. The C-terminus of desmoplakin binds with intermediate filaments. In the mid-region of desmoplakin, a coiled-coiled rod domain is responsible for homodimerization. Mutations in this gene are the cause of several cardiomyopathies and keratodermas as well as the autoimmune disease paraneoplastic pemphigus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HID1 | HID1 domain containing| |
| OCIAD1 | OCIA domain containing 1| |
| GLMN | glomulin, FKBP associated protein|This gene encodes a phosphorylated protein that is a member of a Skp1-Cullin-F-box-like complex. The protein is essential for normal development of the vasculature and mutations in this gene have been associated with glomuvenous malformations, also called glomangiomas. Alternatively spliced variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described but the full-length nature of only one has been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| THBD | thrombomodulin|The protein encoded by this intronless gene is an endothelial-specific type I membrane receptor that binds thrombin. This binding results in the activation of protein C, which degrades clotting factors Va and VIIIa and reduces the amount of thrombin generated. Mutations in this gene are a cause of thromboembolic disease, also known as inherited thrombophilia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DSE | dermatan sulfate epimerase|The protein encoded by this gene is a tumor-rejection antigen. This antigen possesses tumor epitopes capable of inducing HLA-A24-restricted and tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in cancer patients and may be useful for specific immunotherapy. This gene product is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DCDC2 | doublecortin domain containing 2|This gene encodes a doublecortin domain-containing family member. The doublecortin domain has been demonstrated to bind tubulin and enhance microtubule polymerization. This family member is thought to function in neuronal migration where it may affect the signaling of primary cilia. Mutations in this gene have been associated with reading disability (RD) type 2, also referred to as developmental dyslexia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| GSTO2 | glutathione S-transferase omega 2|The protein encoded by this gene is an omega class glutathione S-transferase (GST). GSTs are involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and carcinogens. Four transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| PDAP1 | PDGFA associated protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a phosphoprotein that may upregulate the PDGFA-stimulated growth of fibroblasts and also downregulate the mitogenicity of PDGFB. The encoded protein in rodents has been shown to bind PDGFA with a low affinity. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| CENPBD1 | CENPB DNA-binding domains containing 1| |
| GSTO1 | glutathione S-transferase omega 1|The protein encoded by this gene is an omega class glutathione S-transferase (GST) with glutathione-dependent thiol transferase and dehydroascorbate reductase activities. GSTs are involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and carcinogens. The encoded protein acts as a homodimer and is found in the cytoplasm. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| CCNE1 | cyclin E1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK2, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein accumulates at the G1-S phase boundary and is degraded as cells progress through S phase. Overexpression of this gene has been observed in many tumors, which results in chromosome instability, and thus may contribute to tumorigenesis. This protein was found to associate with, and be involved in, the phosphorylation of NPAT protein (nuclear protein mapped to the ATM locus), which participates in cell-cycle regulated histone gene expression and plays a critical role in promoting cell-cycle progression in the absence of pRB. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene, which encode distinct isoforms, have been described. Two additional splice variants were reported but detailed nucleotide sequence information is not yet available. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ERMP1 | endoplasmic reticulum metallopeptidase 1| |
| NPC1L1 | NPC1-like 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a multi-pass membrane protein. It contains a conserved N-terminal Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) domain and a putative sterol-sensing domain (SSD) which includes a YQRL motif functioning as a plasma membrane to trans-Golgi network transport signal in other proteins. This protein takes up free cholesterol into cells through vesicular endocytosis and plays a critical role in the absorption of intestinal cholesterol. It also has the ability to transport alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E). The drug ezetimibe targets this protein and inhibits the absorption of intestinal cholesterol and alpha-tocopherol. In addition, this protein may play a critical role in regulating lipid metabolism. Polymorphic variations in this gene are associated with plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| TTC33 | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 33| |
| TTC32 | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 32| |
| TTC31 | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 31| |
| TTC37 | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 37|This gene encodes a protein with twenty tetratricopeptide (TPR) repeats. Tetratricopeptide repeat containing motifs are found in a variety of proteins and may mediate protein-protein interactions and chaperone activity. Mutations in this gene are associated with trichohepatoenteric syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| TTC36 | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 36| |
| FAM153A | family with sequence similarity 153, member A| |
| TTC38 | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 38| |
| TRUB2 | TruB pseudouridine (psi) synthase family member 2|Pseudouridine is an abundant component of rRNAs and tRNAs and is enzymatically generated by isomerization of uridine by pseudouridine synthase (Zucchini et al., 2003 [PubMed 12736709]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ARSH | arylsulfatase family, member H|Sulfatases, such as ARSH, hydrolyze sulfate esters from sulfated steroids, carbohydrates, proteoglycans, and glycolipids. They are involved in hormone biosynthesis, modulation of cell signaling, and degradation of macromolecules (Sardiello et al., 2005 [PubMed 16174644]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| TEKT4 | tektin 4| |
| BCLAF1 | BCL2-associated transcription factor 1|This gene encodes a transcriptional repressor that interacts with several members of the BCL2 family of proteins. Overexpression of this protein induces apoptosis, which can be suppressed by co-expression of BCL2 proteins. The protein localizes to dot-like structures throughout the nucleus, and redistributes to a zone near the nuclear envelope in cells undergoing apoptosis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LRMP | lymphoid-restricted membrane protein|The protein encode dby this gene is expressed in a developmentally regulated manner in lymphoid cell lines and tissues. The protein is localized to the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| QPCTL | glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like| |
| ITPRIP | inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor interacting protein|This gene encodes a membrane-associated protein that binds the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (ITPR). The encoded protein enhances the sensitivity of ITPR to intracellular calcium signaling. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| SLC22A23 | solute carrier family 22, member 23|SLC22A23 belongs to a large family of transmembrane proteins that function as uniporters, symporters, and antiporters to transport organic ions across cell membranes (Jacobsson et al., 2007 [PubMed 17714910]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PLEK | pleckstrin| |
| AJAP1 | adherens junctions associated protein 1| |
| DDTL | D-dopachrome tautomerase-like| |
| SLC22A24 | solute carrier family 22, member 24|SLC22A24 belongs to a large family of transmembrane proteins that function as uniporters, symporters, and antiporters to transport organic ions across cell membranes (Jacobsson et al., 2007 [PubMed 17714910]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| HMGB3 | high mobility group box 3|This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins containing one or more high mobility group DNA-binding motifs. The encoded protein plays an important role in maintaining stem cell populations, and may be aberrantly expressed in tumor cells. A mutation in this gene was associated with microphthalmia, syndromic 13. There are numerous pseudogenes of this gene on multiple chromosomes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| MARCKS | myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate|The protein encoded by this gene is a substrate for protein kinase C. It is localized to the plasma membrane and is an actin filament crosslinking protein. Phosphorylation by protein kinase C or binding to calcium-calmodulin inhibits its association with actin and with the plasma membrane, leading to its presence in the cytoplasm. The protein is thought to be involved in cell motility, phagocytosis, membrane trafficking and mitogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MLKL | mixed lineage kinase domain-like| |
| EEF1A1 | eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1|This gene encodes an isoform of the alpha subunit of the elongation factor-1 complex, which is responsible for the enzymatic delivery of aminoacyl tRNAs to the ribosome. This isoform (alpha 1) is expressed in brain, placenta, lung, liver, kidney, and pancreas, and the other isoform (alpha 2) is expressed in brain, heart and skeletal muscle. This isoform is identified as an autoantigen in 66% of patients with Felty syndrome. This gene has been found to have multiple copies on many chromosomes, some of which, if not all, represent different pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM13C | family with sequence similarity 13, member C| |
| MINOS1 | mitochondrial inner membrane organizing system 1| |
| SETX | senataxin|This gene encodes a protein named for its homology to the Sen1p protein of fungi which has RNA helicase activity encoded by a domain at the C-terminal end of the protein. The protein encoded by this gene contains a DNA/RNA helicase domain at its C-terminal end which suggests that it may be involved in both DNA and RNA processing. Mutations in this gene have been associated with ataxia-ocular apraxia-2 (AOA2) and an autosomal dominant form of juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS4). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HMGB1 | high mobility group box 1| |
| CCBE1 | collagen and calcium binding EGF domains 1|This gene is thought to function in extracellular matrix remodeling and migration. It is predominantly expressed in the ovary, but down regulated in ovarian cancer cell lines and primary carcinomas, suggesting its role as a tumour suppressor. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Hennekam lymphangiectasia-lymphedema syndrome, a generalized lymphatic dysplasia in humans. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| ZNF83 | zinc finger protein 83| |
| AUH | AU RNA binding protein/enoyl-CoA hydratase|The methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase, mitochondrial protein binds to the AU-rich element (ARE), a common element found in the 3' UTR of rapidly decaying mRNA such as c-fos, c-myc and granulocyte/ macrophage colony stimulating factor. ARE elements are involved in directing RNA to rapid degradation and deadenylation. AUH is also homologous to enol-CoA hydratase, an enzyme involved in fatty acid degradation, and has been shown to have intrinsic hydratase enzymatic activity. AUH is thus a bifunctional chimera between RNA binding and metabolic enzyme activity. A possible subcellular localization in the mitochondria has been demonstrated for the mouse homolog of this protein which shares 92% identity with the human protein. It has been suggested that AUH may have a novel role as a mitochondrial located AU-binding protein. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| ZNF80 | zinc finger protein 80| |
| ZNF85 | zinc finger protein 85| |
| ZNF84 | zinc finger protein 84| |
| FRMPD4 | FERM and PDZ domain containing 4|This gene encodes a multi-domain (WW, PDZ, FERM) containing protein. Through its interaction with other proteins (such as PSD-95), it functions as a positive regulator of dendritic spine morphogenesis and density, and is required for the maintenance of excitatory synaptic transmission. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| FAM57A | family with sequence similarity 57, member A| |
| FRMPD3 | FERM and PDZ domain containing 3| |
| MAX | MYC associated factor X|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLHZ) family of transcription factors. It is able to form homodimers and heterodimers with other family members, which include Mad, Mxi1 and Myc. Myc is an oncoprotein implicated in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The homodimers and heterodimers compete for a common DNA target site (the E box) and rearrangement among these dimer forms provides a complex system of transcriptional regulation. Mutations of this gene have been reported to be associated with hereditary pheochromocytoma. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 7. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| FYCO1 | FYVE and coiled-coil domain containing 1|This gene encodes a protein that contains a RUN domain, FYVE-type zinc finger domain and Golgi dynamics (GOLD) domain. The encoded protein plays a role in microtubule plus end-directed transport of autophagic vesicles through interactions with the small GTPase Rab7, phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P) and the autophagosome marker LC3. Mutations in this gene are a cause of autosomal recessive congenital cataract-2 (CATC2). [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| PDE10A | phosphodiesterase 10A|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family. It plays a role in signal transduction by regulating the intracellular concentration of cyclic nucleotides. This protein can hydrolyze both cAMP and cGMP to the corresponding nucleoside 5' monophosphate, but has higher affinity for cAMP, and is more efficient with cAMP as substrate. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| FLRT1 | fibronectin leucine rich transmembrane protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the fibronectin leucine rich transmembrane protein (FLRT) family. The family members may function in cell adhesion and/or receptor signalling. Their protein structures resemble small leucine-rich proteoglycans found in the extracellular matrix. The encoded protein shares sequence similarity with two other family members, FLRT2 and FLRT3. This gene is expressed in kidney and brain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CAPZA3 | capping protein (actin filament) muscle Z-line, alpha 3|This gene encodes an actin capping protein, one of the F-actin capping protein alpha subunit family. The encoded protein is predominantly localized to the neck region of ejaculated sperm, other immunohistochemical signals were found in the tail and postacrosomal regions. The encoded protein may also form heterodimers of alpha and beta subunits. This protein may be important in determining sperm architecture and male fertility. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPNS1 | spinster homolog 1 (Drosophila)| |
| CAPZA1 | capping protein (actin filament) muscle Z-line, alpha 1|CAPZA1 is a member of the F-actin capping protein alpha subunit family. This gene encodes the alpha subunit of the barbed-end actin binding protein. The protein regulates growth of the actin filament by capping the barbed end of growing actin filaments. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SCARF2 | scavenger receptor class F, member 2|The protein encoded by this gene is similar to SCARF1/SREC-I, a scavenger receptor protein that mediates the binding and degradation of acetylated low density lipoprotein (Ac-LDL). This protein has only little activity of internalizing modified low density lipoproteins (LDL), but it can interact with SCARF1 through its extracellular domain. The association of this protein with SCARF1 is suppressed by the presence of scavenger ligands. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SCARF1 | scavenger receptor class F, member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a scavenger receptor that is expressed in endothelial cells. It regulates the uptake of chemically modified low density lipoproteins, including acetylated low density lipoprotein (Ac-LDL), and it may be involved in atherogenesis. This gene is regulated by the transcription factors ZNF444/EZF-2 and SP1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2013] |
| RAB2A | RAB2A, member RAS oncogene family|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Rab family, members of which are small molecular weight guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) that contain highly conserved domains involved in GTP binding and hydrolysis. The Rabs are membrane-bound proteins, involved in vesicular fusion and trafficking. This protein is a resident of pre-Golgi intermediates, and is required for protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi complex. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| GEMIN2 | gem (nuclear organelle) associated protein 2|This gene encodes one of the proteins found in the SMN complex, which consists of several gemin proteins and the protein known as the survival of motor neuron protein. The SMN complex is localized to a subnuclear compartment called gems (gemini of coiled bodies) and is required for assembly of spliceosomal snRNPs and for pre-mRNA splicing. This protein interacts directly with the survival of motor neuron protein and it is required for formation of the SMN complex. A knockout mouse targeting the mouse homolog of this gene exhibited disrupted snRNP assembly and motor neuron degeneration. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| GTF2H2C | GTF2H2 family member C| |
| HLA-C | major histocompatibility complex, class I, C|HLA-C belongs to the HLA class I heavy chain paralogues. This class I molecule is a heterodimer consisting of a heavy chain and a light chain (beta-2 microglobulin). The heavy chain is anchored in the membrane. Class I molecules play a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from endoplasmic reticulum lumen. They are expressed in nearly all cells. The heavy chain is approximately 45 kDa and its gene contains 8 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the alpha1 and alpha2 domain, which both bind the peptide, exon 4 encodes the alpha3 domain, exon 5 encodes the transmembrane region, and exons 6 and 7 encode the cytoplasmic tail. Polymorphisms within exon 2 and exon 3 are responsible for the peptide binding specificity of each class one molecule. Typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow and kidney transplantation. Over one hundred HLA-C alleles have been described [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LMO3 | LIM domain only 3 (rhombotin-like 2)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the rhombotin family of cysteine-rich LIM domain oncogenes. This gene is predominantly expressed in the brain. Related family members, LMO1 and LMO2 on chromosome 11, have been reported to be involved in chromosomal translocations in T-cell leukemia. Many alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| PHGDH | phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase|This gene encodes the enzyme which is involved in the early steps of L-serine synthesis in animal cells. L-serine is required for D-serine and other amino acid synthesis. The enzyme requires NAD/NADH as a cofactor and forms homotetramers for activity. Mutations in this gene have been found in a family with congenital microcephaly, psychomotor retardation and other symptoms. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, however the full-length nature of most are not known. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| GEMIN7 | gem (nuclear organelle) associated protein 7|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the core SMN complex, which is required for pre-mRNA splicing in the nucleus. The encoded protein is found in the nucleoplasm, in nuclear "gems" (Gemini of Cajal bodies), and in the cytoplasm. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GEMIN4 | gem (nuclear organelle) associated protein 4|The product of this gene is part of a large complex localized to the cytoplasm, nucleoli, and to discrete nuclear bodies called Gemini bodies (gems). The complex functions in spliceosomal snRNP assembly in the cytoplasm, and regenerates spliceosomes required for pre-mRNA splicing in the nucleus. The encoded protein directly interacts with a DEAD box protein and several spliceosome core proteins. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GEMIN5 | gem (nuclear organelle) associated protein 5|This gene encodes a WD repeat protein that is a component of the survival of motor neurons (SMN) complex. The SMN complex plays a critical role in mRNA splicing through the assembly of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), and may also mediate the assembly and transport of other classes of ribonucleoproteins. The encoded protein is the snRNA-binding component of the SMN complex. Dysregulation of this gene may play a role in alternative mRNA splicing and tumor cell motility. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| BPIFC | BPI fold containing family C| |
| C4orf46 | chromosome 4 open reading frame 46|This gene encodes a small, conserved protein of unknown function that is expressed in a variety of tissues. There are pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes 6, 8, 16, and X. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013] |
| PBRM1 | polybromo 1|This locus encodes a subunit of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes. The encoded protein has been identified as in integral component of complexes necessary for ligand-dependent transcriptional activation by nuclear hormone receptors. Mutations at this locus have been associated with primary clear cell renal cell carcinoma. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| C4orf48 | chromosome 4 open reading frame 48| |
| TRPC4AP | transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 4 associated protein| |
| ERBB2 | erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2|This gene encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases. This protein has no ligand binding domain of its own and therefore cannot bind growth factors. However, it does bind tightly to other ligand-bound EGF receptor family members to form a heterodimer, stabilizing ligand binding and enhancing kinase-mediated activation of downstream signalling pathways, such as those involving mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. Allelic variations at amino acid positions 654 and 655 of isoform a (positions 624 and 625 of isoform b) have been reported, with the most common allele, Ile654/Ile655, shown here. Amplification and/or overexpression of this gene has been reported in numerous cancers, including breast and ovarian tumors. Alternative splicing results in several additional transcript variants, some encoding different isoforms and others that have not been fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRBA1 | KRAB-A domain containing 1| |
| ERBB3 | erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 3|This gene encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases. This membrane-bound protein has a neuregulin binding domain but not an active kinase domain. It therefore can bind this ligand but not convey the signal into the cell through protein phosphorylation. However, it does form heterodimers with other EGF receptor family members which do have kinase activity. Heterodimerization leads to the activation of pathways which lead to cell proliferation or differentiation. Amplification of this gene and/or overexpression of its protein have been reported in numerous cancers, including prostate, bladder, and breast tumors. Alternate transcriptional splice variants encoding different isoforms have been characterized. One isoform lacks the intermembrane region and is secreted outside the cell. This form acts to modulate the activity of the membrane-bound form. Additional splice variants have also been reported, but they have not been thoroughly characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LARP1B | La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 1B|This gene encodes a protein containing domains found in the La related protein of Drosophila melanogaster. La motif-containing proteins are thought to be RNA-binding proteins, where the La motif and adjacent amino acids fold into an RNA recognition motif. The La motif is also found in proteins unrelated to the La protein. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and multiple variants, encoding distinct isoforms, are described. Additional splice variation has been identified but the full-length nature of these transcripts has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| MX1 | MX dynamin-like GTPase 1|This gene encodes a guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-metabolizing protein that participates in the cellular antiviral response. The encoded protein is induced by type I and type II interferons and antagonizes the replication process of several different RNA and DNA viruses. There is a related gene located adjacent to this gene on chromosome 21, and there are multiple pseudogenes located in a cluster on chromosome 4. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| MCRS1 | microspherule protein 1| |
| C10orf88 | chromosome 10 open reading frame 88| |
| C15orf59 | chromosome 15 open reading frame 59| |
| CER1 | cerberus 1, DAN family BMP antagonist|This gene encodes a cytokine member of the cysteine knot superfamily, characterized by nine conserved cysteines and a cysteine knot region. The cerberus-related cytokines, together with Dan and DRM/Gremlin, represent a group of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists that can bind directly to BMPs and inhibit their activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C15orf57 | chromosome 15 open reading frame 57| |
| TRMU | tRNA 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate methyltransferase|This nuclear gene encodes a mitochondrial tRNA-modifying enzyme. The encoded protein catalyzes the 2-thiolation of uridine on the wobble positions of tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu), and tRNA(Gln), resulting in the formation of 5-taurinomethyl-2-thiouridine moieties. Mutations in this gene may cause transient infantile liver failure. Polymorphisms in this gene may also influence the severity of deafness caused by mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA mutations. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| AFAP1 | actin filament associated protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a Src binding partner. It may represent a potential modulator of actin filament integrity in response to cellular signals, and may function as an adaptor protein by linking Src family members and/or other signaling proteins to actin filaments. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| LARS2 | leucyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial|This gene encodes a class 1 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial leucyl-tRNA synthetase. Each of the twenty aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyzes the aminoacylation of a specific tRNA or tRNA isoaccepting family with the cognate amino acid. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C15orf52 | chromosome 15 open reading frame 52| |
| ERAL1 | Era-like 12S mitochondrial rRNA chaperone 1| |
| DDX17 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box helicase 17|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure, such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and splicesosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein, which is an ATPase activated by a variety of RNA species, but not by dsDNA. This protein, and that encoded by DDX5 gene, are more closely related to each other than to any other member of the DEAD box family. This gene can encode multiple isoforms due to both alternative splicing and the use of alternative translation initiation codons, including a non-AUG (CUG) start codon. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011] |
| ZNF124 | zinc finger protein 124|This gene encodes a protein with an amino-terminal KRAB-A box and multiple repeated Kruppel-type (C2H2) zinc finger motifs at its carboxy terminus. The encoded protein may function as a transcription factor. Expression of this gene is increased after vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulation in human leukemia cell lines and results in inhibition of apoptotic cell death induced by irradiation or exposure to etoposide. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| SHC2 | SHC (Src homology 2 domain containing) transforming protein 2| |
| DDX10 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 10|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein, and it may be involved in ribosome assembly. Fusion of this gene and the nucleoporin gene, NUP98, by inversion 11 (p15q22) chromosome translocation is found in the patients with de novo or therapy-related myeloid malignancies. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DDX11 | DEAD/H (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp/His) box helicase 11|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein, which is an enzyme that possesses both ATPase and DNA helicase activities. This gene is a homolog of the yeast CHL1 gene, and may function to maintain chromosome transmission fidelity and genome stability. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GJB1 | gap junction protein, beta 1, 32kDa|This gene encodes a member of the gap junction protein family. The gap junction proteins are membrane-spanning proteins that assemble to form gap junction channels that facilitate the transfer of ions and small molecules between cells. According to sequence similarities at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, the gap junction proteins are divided into two categories, alpha and beta. Mutations in this gene cause X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, an inherited peripheral neuropathy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| GJB3 | gap junction protein, beta 3, 31kDa|This gene is a member of the connexin gene family. The encoded protein is a component of gap junctions, which are composed of arrays of intercellular channels that provide a route for the diffusion of low molecular weight materials from cell to cell. Mutations in this gene can cause non-syndromic deafness or erythrokeratodermia variabilis, a skin disorder. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GJB2 | gap junction protein, beta 2, 26kDa|This gene encodes a member of the gap junction protein family. The gap junctions were first characterized by electron microscopy as regionally specialized structures on plasma membranes of contacting adherent cells. These structures were shown to consist of cell-to-cell channels that facilitate the transfer of ions and small molecules between cells. The gap junction proteins, also known as connexins, purified from fractions of enriched gap junctions from different tissues differ. According to sequence similarities at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, the gap junction proteins are divided into two categories, alpha and beta. Mutations in this gene are responsible for as much as 50% of pre-lingual, recessive deafness. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| GJB5 | gap junction protein, beta 5, 31.1kDa|This gene encodes a member of the beta-type (group I) connexin family. The encoded protein is a gap junction protein involved in intercellular communication related to epidermal differentiation and environmental sensing. This gene has been linked to non-small cell lung cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| GJB4 | gap junction protein, beta 4, 30.3kDa|This gene encodes a transmembrane connexin protein that is a component of gap junctions. Mutations in this gene have been associated with erythrokeratodermia variabilis, progressive symmetric erythrokeratoderma and hearing impairment. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| DDX18 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 18|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein, and it is activated by Myc protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GJB6 | gap junction protein, beta 6, 30kDa|Gap junctions allow the transport of ions and metabolites between the cytoplasm of adjacent cells. They are formed by two hemichannels, made up of six connexin proteins assembled in groups. Each connexin protein has four transmembrane segments, two extracellular loops, a cytoplasmic loop formed between the two inner transmembrane segments, and the N- and C-terminus both being in the cytoplasm. The specificity of the gap junction is determined by which connexin proteins comprise the hemichannel. In the past, connexin protein names were based on their molecular weight, however the new nomenclature uses sequential numbers based on which form (alpha or beta) of the gap junction is present. This gene encodes one of the connexin proteins. Mutations in this gene have been found in some forms of deafness and in some families with hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GRIN3A | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl-D-aspartate 3A|This gene encodes a subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which belong to the superfamily of glutamate-regulated ion channels, and function in physiological and pathological processes in the central nervous system. This subunit shows greater than 90% identity to the corresponding subunit in rat. Studies in the knockout mouse deficient in this subunit suggest that this gene may be involved in the development of synaptic elements by modulating NMDA receptor activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GRIN3B | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl-D-aspartate 3B| |
| PSMC1 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, ATPase, 1|The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes one of the ATPase subunits, a member of the triple-A family of ATPases which have a chaperone-like activity. This subunit and a 20S core alpha subunit interact specifically with the hepatitis B virus X protein, a protein critical to viral replication. This subunit also interacts with the adenovirus E1A protein and this interaction alters the activity of the proteasome. Finally, this subunit interacts with ataxin-7, suggesting a role for the proteasome in the development of spinocerebellar ataxia type 7, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PSMC2 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, ATPase, 2|The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes one of the ATPase subunits, a member of the triple-A family of ATPases which have a chaperone-like activity. This subunit has been shown to interact with several of the basal transcription factors so, in addition to participation in proteasome functions, this subunit may participate in the regulation of transcription. This subunit may also compete with PSMC3 for binding to the HIV tat protein to regulate the interaction between the viral protein and the transcription complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| OR6B3 | olfactory receptor, family 6, subfamily B, member 3|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PSMC4 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, ATPase, 4|The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. This gene encodes a member of the triple-A family of ATPases that is a component of the 19S regulatory subunit and plays a role in 26S proteasome assembly. The encoded protein interacts with gankyrin, a liver oncoprotein, and may also play a role in Parkinson's disease through interactions with synphilin-1. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| PSMC5 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, ATPase, 5|The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes one of the ATPase subunits, a member of the triple-A family of ATPases which have a chaperone-like activity. In addition to participation in proteasome functions, this subunit may participate in transcriptional regulation since it has been shown to interact with the thyroid hormone receptor and retinoid X receptor-alpha. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| PSMC6 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, ATPase, 6|The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes one of the ATPase subunits, a member of the triple-A family of ATPases which have a chaperone-like activity. Pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 8 and 12. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HECW1 | HECT, C2 and WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1| |
| ARFIP1 | ADP-ribosylation factor interacting protein 1| |
| ARFIP2 | ADP-ribosylation factor interacting protein 2| |
| KIF18A | kinesin family member 18A|KIF18A is a member of the kinesin superfamily of microtubule-associated molecular motors (see MIM 148760) that use hydrolysis of ATP to produce force and movement along microtubules (Luboshits and Benayahu, 2005 [PubMed 15878648]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2008] |
| KIF18B | kinesin family member 18B| |
| CEP85 | centrosomal protein 85kDa|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the centrosome-associated family of proteins. The centrosome is a subcellular organelle in the animal cell that functions as a microtubule organizing center and is involved in cell-cycle progression. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| SLC9A8 | solute carrier family 9, subfamily A (NHE8, cation proton antiporter 8), member 8|Sodium-hydrogen exchangers (NHEs), such as SLC9A8, are integral transmembrane proteins that exchange extracellular Na+ for intracellular H+. NHEs have multiple functions, including intracellular pH homeostasis, cell volume regulation, and electroneutral NaCl absorption in epithelia (Xu et al., 2008 [PubMed 18209477]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2009] |
| KIAA1551 | KIAA1551| |
| LAMP2 | lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of membrane glycoproteins. This glycoprotein provides selectins with carbohydrate ligands. It may play a role in tumor cell metastasis. It may also function in the protection, maintenance, and adhesion of the lysosome. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIP10 | thyroid hormone receptor interactor 10| |
| TRIP11 | thyroid hormone receptor interactor 11|This gene was identified based on the interaction of its protein product with thyroid hormone receptor beta. This protein is associated with the Golgi apparatus. The N-terminal region of the protein binds Golgi membranes and the C-terminal region binds the minus ends of microtubules; thus, the protein is thought to play a role in assembly and maintenance of the Golgi ribbon structure around the centrosome. Mutations in this gene cause achondrogenesis type IA.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| TRIP12 | thyroid hormone receptor interactor 12| |
| TRIP13 | thyroid hormone receptor interactor 13|This gene encodes a protein that interacts with thyroid hormone receptors, also known as hormone-dependent transcription factors. The gene product interacts specifically with the ligand binding domain. This gene is one of several that may play a role in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| CPVL | carboxypeptidase, vitellogenic-like|The protein encoded by this gene is a carboxypeptidase and bears strong sequence similarity to serine carboxypeptidases. Carboxypeptidases are a large class of proteases that act to cleave a single amino acid from the carboxy termini of proteins or peptides. The exact function of this protein, however, has not been determined. At least two alternatively spliced transcripts which encode the same protein have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HLA-G | major histocompatibility complex, class I, G|HLA-G belongs to the HLA class I heavy chain paralogues. This class I molecule is a heterodimer consisting of a heavy chain and a light chain (beta-2 microglobulin). The heavy chain is anchored in the membrane. HLA-G is expressed on fetal derived placental cells. The heavy chain is approximately 45 kDa and its gene contains 8 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the alpha1 and alpha2 domain, which both bind the peptide, exon 4 encodes the alpha3 domain, exon 5 encodes the transmembrane region, and exon 6 encodes the cytoplasmic tail. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IFT172 | intraflagellar transport 172|This gene encodes a subunit of the intraflagellar transport subcomplex IFT-B. Subcomplexes IFT-A and IFT-B are necessary for ciliary assembly and maintenance. Mutations in this gene have been associated with skeletal ciliopathies, with or without polydactyly, such as such short-rib thoracic dysplasias 1, 9 or 10. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| GATA1 | GATA binding protein 1 (globin transcription factor 1)|This gene encodes a protein which belongs to the GATA family of transcription factors. The protein plays an important role in erythroid development by regulating the switch of fetal hemoglobin to adult hemoglobin. Mutations in this gene have been associated with X-linked dyserythropoietic anemia and thrombocytopenia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BAIAP2L1 | BAI1-associated protein 2-like 1|This gene encodes a member of the IMD (IRSp53/MIM homology domain) family. Members of this family can be subdivided in two groups, the IRSp53-like and MIM-like, based on the presence or absence of the SH3 (Src homology 3) domain. The protein encoded by this gene contains a conserved IMD, also known as F-actin bundling domain, at the N-terminus, and a canonical SH3 domain near the C-terminus, so it belongs to the IRSp53-like group. This protein is the substrate for insulin receptor tyrosine kinase and binds to the small GTPase Rac. It is involved in signal transduction pathways that link deformation of the plasma membrane and remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. It also promotes actin assembly and membrane protrusions when overexpressed in mammalian cells, and is essential to the formation of a potent actin assembly complex during EHEC (Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli) pedestal formation. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| CERK | ceramide kinase|CERK converts ceramide to ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P), a sphingolipid metabolite. Both CERK and C1P have been implicated in various cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, phagocytosis, and inflammation (Kim et al., 2006 [PubMed 16488390]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| FN3KRP | fructosamine 3 kinase related protein|A high concentration of glucose can result in non-enzymatic oxidation of proteins by reaction of glucose and lysine residues (glycation). Proteins modified in this way are less active or functional. This gene encodes an enzyme which catalyzes the phosphorylation of psicosamines and ribulosamines compared to the neighboring gene which encodes a highly similar enzyme, fructosamine-3-kinase, which has different substrate specificity. The activity of both enzymes may result in deglycation of proteins to restore their function. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| NCLN | nicalin| |
| C9orf156 | chromosome 9 open reading frame 156| |
| HIST3H2A | histone cluster 3, H2a|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2A family. Transcripts from this gene contain a palindromic termination element. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RGCC | regulator of cell cycle|This gene is thought to regulate cell cycle progression. It is induced by p53 in response to DNA damage, or by sublytic levels of complement system proteins that result in activation of the cell cycle. The encoded protein localizes to the cytoplasm during interphase and to centrosomes during mitosis. The protein forms a complex with polo-like kinase 1. The protein also translocates to the nucleus in response to treatment with complement system proteins, and can associate with and increase the kinase activity of cell division cycle 2 protein. In different assays and cell types, overexpression of this protein has been shown to activate or suppress cell cycle progression. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HIST3H2BB | histone cluster 3, H2bb|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2B family. Transcripts from this gene contain a palindromic termination element. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DNAL4 | dynein, axonemal, light chain 4|This gene encodes an axonemal dynein light chain which functions as a component of the outer dynein arms complex. This complex acts as the molecular motor that provides the force to move cilia in an ATP-dependent manner. The encoded protein is expressed in tissues with motile cilia or flagella and may be involved in the movement of sperm flagella. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| DNAL1 | dynein, axonemal, light chain 1|This gene encodes an axonemal dynein light chain which functions as a component of the outer dynein arms complex. This complex acts as the molecular motor that provides the force to move cilia in an ATP-dependent manner. The encoded protein is expressed in tissues with motile cilia or flagella and may be involved in the movement of sperm flagella. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| LIN7A | lin-7 homolog A (C. elegans)| |
| TGM1 | transglutaminase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane protein that catalyzes the addition of an alkyl group from an akylamine to a glutamine residue of a protein, forming an alkylglutamine in the protein. This protein alkylation leads to crosslinking of proteins and catenation of polyamines to proteins. This gene contains either one or two copies of a 22 nt repeat unit in its 3' UTR. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive lamellar ichthyosis (LI) and nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (NCIE). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GRHPR | glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase|This gene encodes an enzyme with hydroxypyruvate reductase, glyoxylate reductase, and D-glycerate dehydrogenase enzymatic activities. The enzyme has widespread tissue expression and has a role in metabolism. Type II hyperoxaluria is caused by mutations in this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TGM3 | transglutaminase 3|Transglutaminases are enzymes that catalyze the crosslinking of proteins by epsilon-gamma glutamyl lysine isopeptide bonds. While the primary structure of transglutaminases is not conserved, they all have the same amino acid sequence at their active sites and their activity is calcium-dependent. The protein encoded by this gene consists of two polypeptide chains activated from a single precursor protein by proteolysis. The encoded protein is involved the later stages of cell envelope formation in the epidermis and hair follicle. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TGM4 | transglutaminase 4| |
| TGM5 | transglutaminase 5|This gene encodes a member of the transglutaminase family. The encoded protein catalyzes formation of protein cross-links between glutamine and lysine residues, often resulting in stabilization of protein assemblies. This reaction is calcium dependent. Mutations in this gene have been associated with acral peeling skin syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| SMG5 | SMG5 nonsense mediated mRNA decay factor|SMG5 is involved in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (Ohnishi et al., 2003 [PubMed 14636577]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| FNBP1 | formin binding protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the formin-binding-protein family. The protein contains an N-terminal Fer/Cdc42-interacting protein 4 (CIP4) homology (FCH) domain followed by a coiled-coil domain, a proline-rich motif, a second coiled-coil domain, a Rho family protein-binding domain (RBD), and a C-terminal SH3 domain. This protein binds sorting nexin 2 (SNX2), tankyrase (TNKS), and dynamin; an interaction between this protein and formin has not been demonstrated yet in human. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MARCH5 | membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 5|MARCH5 is a ubiquitin ligase of the mitochondrial outer membrane that plays a role in the control of mitochondrial morphology by regulating mitofusin-2 (MFN2; MIM 608507) and DRP1 (DNM1L; MIM 603850) (Nakamura et al., 2006 [PubMed 16936636]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MARCH4 | membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 4, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|MARCH4 is a member of the MARCH family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases (EC 6.3.2.19). MARCH enzymes add ubiquitin (see MIM 191339) to target lysines in substrate proteins, thereby signaling their vesicular transport between membrane compartments. MARCH4 reduces surface accumulation of several membrane glycoproteins by directing them to the endosomal compartment (Bartee et al., 2004 [PubMed 14722266]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010] |
| MARCH7 | membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 7, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|MARCH7 is a member of the MARCH family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases (EC 6.3.2.19). MARCH proteins add ubiquitin (see MIM 191339) to target lysines in substrate proteins, thereby signaling their vesicular transport between membrane compartments (Bartee et al., 2004 [PubMed 14722266]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2010] |
| MARCH6 | membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 6, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This gene encodes a member of a family of membrane-associated E3 ubiquitin ligases containing RING-CH-type zinc finger motifs. Ubiquitination of type II deiodinase by the encoded protein is an important regulatory step in thyroid hormone signalling. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| MARCH1 | membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 1, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|MARCH1 is a member of the MARCH family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases (EC 6.3.2.19). MARCH proteins add ubiquitin (see MIM 191339) to target lysines in substrate proteins, thereby signaling their vesicular transport between membrane compartments. MARCH1 downregulates the surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules (see MIM 142880) and other glycoproteins by directing them to the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment (Bartee et al., 2004 [PubMed 14722266]; Thibodeau et al., 2008 [PubMed 18389477]; De Gassart et al., 2008 [PubMed 18305173]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2010] |
| MARCH3 | membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 3, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This gene encodes a member of the membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) family. The encoded protein is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that may be involved in regulation of the endosomal transport pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| MARCH2 | membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|MARCH2 is a member of the MARCH family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases (EC 6.3.2.19). MARCH enzymes add ubiquitin (see MIM 191339) to target lysines in substrate proteins, thereby signaling their vesicular transport between membrane compartments. MARCH2 reduces surface accumulation of several glycoproteins and appears to regulate early endosome-to-trans-Golgi network (TGN) trafficking (Bartee et al., 2004 [PubMed 14722266]; Nakamura et al., 2005 [PubMed 15689499]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2010] |
| FOXI1 | forkhead box I1|This gene belongs to the forkhead family of transcription factors which is characterized by a distinct forkhead domain. The specific function of this gene has not yet been determined; however, it is possible that this gene plays an important role in the development of the cochlea and vestibulum, as well as embryogenesis. Mutations in this gene may be associated with the common cavity phenotype. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BTN3A2 | butyrophilin, subfamily 3, member A2|This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, which resides in the juxta-telomeric region of the major histocompatability class 1 locus and is clustered with the other family members on chromosome 6. The encoded protein may be involved in the adaptive immune response. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| TMEM174 | transmembrane protein 174| |
| TMEM175 | transmembrane protein 175| |
| MARCH9 | membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 9|MARCH9 is a member of the MARCH family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases (EC 6.3.2.19). MARCH enzymes add ubiquitin (see MIM 191339) to target lysines in substrate proteins, thereby signaling their vesicular transport between membrane compartments. MARCH9 induces internalization of several membrane glycoproteins and directs them to the endosomal compartment (Bartee et al., 2004 [PubMed 14722266]; Hoer et al., 2007 [PubMed 17174307]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010] |
| TMEM173 | transmembrane protein 173|This gene encodes a five transmembrane protein that functions as a major regulator of the innate immune response to viral and bacterial infections. The encoded protein is a pattern recognition receptor that detects cytosolic nucleic acids and transmits signals that activate type I interferon responses. The encoded protein has also been shown to play a role in apoptotic signaling by associating with type II major histocompatibility complex. Mutations in this gene are the cause of infantile-onset STING-associated vasculopathy. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| TMEM171 | transmembrane protein 171| |
| EIF3H | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit H| |
| EIF3I | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit I| |
| EIF3J | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit J|This gene encodes a core subunit of the eukaryotic initiation factor 3 complex, which participates in the initiation of translation by aiding in the recruitment of protein and mRNA components to the 40S ribosome. There are pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes 1, 3, and 9. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| FOXH1 | forkhead box H1|FOXH1 encodes a human homolog of Xenopus forkhead activin signal transducer-1. FOXH1 protein binds SMAD2 and activates an activin response element via binding the DNA motif TGT(G/T)(T/G)ATT. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EIF3L | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit L| |
| EIF3M | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit M|This gene encodes a protein that is part of the eurkaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complete (eIF-3) required for protein synthesis. Elevated levels of the encoded protein are present in cancer cell lines. Inactivation of the encoded protein has been shown to interfere with translation of herpes virus mRNAs by preventing the association of mRNAs with the ribosomes. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the X chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| CLIP2 | CAP-GLY domain containing linker protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of cytoplasmic linker proteins, which have been proposed to mediate the interaction between specific membranous organelles and microtubules. This protein was found to associate with both microtubules and an organelle called the dendritic lamellar body. This gene is hemizygously deleted in Williams syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at 7q11.23. Alternative splicing of this gene generates 2 transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EIF3A | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit A| |
| EIF3B | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit B| |
| BTN3A1 | butyrophilin, subfamily 3, member A1|The butyrophilin (BTN) genes are a group of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-associated genes that encode type I membrane proteins with 2 extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig) domains and an intracellular B30.2 (PRYSPRY) domain. Three subfamilies of human BTN genes are located in the MHC class I region: the single-copy BTN1A1 gene (MIM 601610) and the BTN2 (e.g., BTN2A1; MIM 613590) and BTN3 (e.g., BNT3A1) genes, which have undergone tandem duplication, resulting in 3 copies of each (summary by Smith et al., 2010 [PubMed 20208008]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| EIF3D | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit D|Eukaryotic translation initiation factor-3 (eIF3), the largest of the eIFs, is a multiprotein complex composed of at least ten nonidentical subunits. The complex binds to the 40S ribosome and helps maintain the 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits in a dissociated state. It is also thought to play a role in the formation of the 40S initiation complex by interacting with the ternary complex of eIF2/GTP/methionyl-tRNA, and by promoting mRNA binding. The protein encoded by this gene is the major RNA binding subunit of the eIF3 complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EIF3E | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit E| |
| EIF3F | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit F| |
| EIF3G | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit G| |
| FGFBP2 | fibroblast growth factor binding protein 2|This gene encodes a member of the fibroblast growth factor binding protein family. The encoded protein is a serum protein that is selectively secreted by cytotoxic lymphocytes and may be involved in cytotoxic lymphocyte-mediated immunity. An increase in the amount of gene product may be associated with atopic asthma and mild extrinsic asthma.[provided by RefSeq Staff, Oct 2008] |
| FGFBP1 | fibroblast growth factor binding protein 1|This gene encodes a secreted fibroblast growth factor carrier protein. The encoded protein plays a critical role in cell proliferation, differentiation and migration by binding to fibroblast growth factors and potentiating their biological effects on target cells. The encoded protein may also play a role in tumor growth as an angiogenic switch molecule, and expression of this gene has been associated with several types of cancer including pancreatic and colorectal adenocarcinoma. A pseudogene of this gene is also located on the short arm of chromosome 4. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| FADD | Fas (TNFRSF6)-associated via death domain|The protein encoded by this gene is an adaptor molecule that interacts with various cell surface receptors and mediates cell apoptotic signals. Through its C-terminal death domain, this protein can be recruited by TNFRSF6/Fas-receptor, tumor necrosis factor receptor, TNFRSF25, and TNFSF10/TRAIL-receptor, and thus it participates in the death signaling initiated by these receptors. Interaction of this protein with the receptors unmasks the N-terminal effector domain of this protein, which allows it to recruit caspase-8, and thereby activate the cysteine protease cascade. Knockout studies in mice also suggest the importance of this protein in early T cell development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARMC10 | armadillo repeat containing 10|This gene encodes a protein that contains an armadillo repeat and transmembrane domain. The encoded protein decreases the transcriptional activity of the tumor suppressor protein p53 through direct interaction with the DNA-binding domain of p53, and may play a role in cell growth and survival. Upregulation of this gene may play a role in hepatocellular carcinoma. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 3. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| MKKS | McKusick-Kaufman syndrome|This gene encodes a protein which shares sequence similarity with other members of the type II chaperonin family. The encoded protein is a centrosome-shuttling protein and plays an important role in cytokinesis. This protein also interacts with other type II chaperonin members to form a complex known as the BBSome, which involves ciliary membrane biogenesis. This protein is encoded by a downstream open reading frame (dORF). Several upstream open reading frames (uORFs) have been identified, which repress the translation of the dORF, and two of which can encode small mitochondrial membrane proteins. Mutations in this gene have been observed in patients with Bardet-Biedl syndrome type 6, also known as McKusick-Kaufman syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| NOL11 | nucleolar protein 11| |
| NOL10 | nucleolar protein 10| |
| ELSPBP1 | epididymal sperm binding protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the sperm-coating protein family of epididymal origin. This protein and its canine homolog are the first known examples of proteins with four tandemly arranged fibronectin type 2 (Fn2) domains in the Fn2-module protein family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NOL12 | nucleolar protein 12| |
| CDKN2B | cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (p15, inhibits CDK4)|This gene lies adjacent to the tumor suppressor gene CDKN2A in a region that is frequently mutated and deleted in a wide variety of tumors. This gene encodes a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, which forms a complex with CDK4 or CDK6, and prevents the activation of the CDK kinases, thus the encoded protein functions as a cell growth regulator that controls cell cycle G1 progression. The expression of this gene was found to be dramatically induced by TGF beta, which suggested its role in the TGF beta induced growth inhibition. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene, which encode distinct proteins, have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WT1 | Wilms tumor 1|This gene encodes a transcription factor that contains four zinc-finger motifs at the C-terminus and a proline/glutamine-rich DNA-binding domain at the N-terminus. It has an essential role in the normal development of the urogenital system, and it is mutated in a small subset of patients with Wilms tumor. This gene exhibits complex tissue-specific and polymorphic imprinting pattern, with biallelic, and monoallelic expression from the maternal and paternal alleles in different tissues. Multiple transcript variants have been described. In several variants, there is evidence for the use of a non-AUG (CUG) translation initiation codon upstream of, and in-frame with the first AUG. Authors of PMID:7926762 also provide evidence that WT1 mRNA undergoes RNA editing in human and rat, and that this process is tissue-restricted and developmentally regulated. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015] |
| EPHA4 | EPH receptor A4|This gene belongs to the ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein-tyrosine kinase family. EPH and EPH-related receptors have been implicated in mediating developmental events, particularly in the nervous system. Receptors in the EPH subfamily typically have a single kinase domain and an extracellular region containing a Cys-rich domain and 2 fibronectin type III repeats. The ephrin receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| CDKN2D | cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2D (p19, inhibits CDK4)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the INK4 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. This protein has been shown to form a stable complex with CDK4 or CDK6, and prevent the activation of the CDK kinases, thus function as a cell growth regulator that controls cell cycle G1 progression. The abundance of the transcript of this gene was found to oscillate in a cell-cycle dependent manner with the lowest expression at mid G1 and a maximal expression during S phase. The negative regulation of the cell cycle involved in this protein was shown to participate in repressing neuronal proliferation, as well as spermatogenesis. Two alternatively spliced variants of this gene, which encode an identical protein, have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NME5 | NME/NM23 family member 5| |
| PLXNB3 | plexin B3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the plexin family. It functions as a receptor for semaphorin 5A, and plays a role in axon guidance, invasive growth and cell migration. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| INPP5B | inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase, 75kDa|This gene encodes a member of a family of inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatases. These enzymes function in the regulation of calcium signaling by inactivating inositol phosphates. The encoded protein is localized to the cytosol and mitochondria, and associates with membranes through an isoprenyl modification near the C-terminus. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| EDEM2 | ER degradation enhancer, mannosidase alpha-like 2|In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), misfolded proteins are retrotranslocated to the cytosol and degraded by the proteasome in a process known as ER-associated degradation (ERAD). EDEM2 belongs to a family of proteins involved in ERAD of glycoproteins (Mast et al., 2005 [PubMed 15537790]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| EDEM3 | ER degradation enhancer, mannosidase alpha-like 3|Quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ensures that only properly folded proteins are retained in the cell through recognition and degradation of misfolded or unassembled proteins. EDEM3 belongs to a group of proteins that accelerate degradation of misfolded glycoproteins in the ER (Hirao et al., 2006 [PubMed 16431915]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| EDEM1 | ER degradation enhancer, mannosidase alpha-like 1| |
| GRPEL1 | GrpE-like 1, mitochondrial (E. coli)| |
| NME1 | NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1|This gene (NME1) was identified because of its reduced mRNA transcript levels in highly metastatic cells. Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK) exists as a hexamer composed of 'A' (encoded by this gene) and 'B' (encoded by NME2) isoforms. Mutations in this gene have been identified in aggressive neuroblastomas. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Co-transcription of this gene and the neighboring downstream gene (NME2) generates naturally-occurring transcripts (NME1-NME2), which encodes a fusion protein comprised of sequence sharing identity with each individual gene product. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NTPCR | nucleoside-triphosphatase, cancer-related| |
| TENM3 | teneurin transmembrane protein 3| |
| INPP5F | inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase F|The protein encoded by this gene is an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) 5-phosphatase and contains a Sac domain. The activity of this protein is specific for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| SAP30L | SAP30-like| |
| CSTF2T | cleavage stimulation factor, 3' pre-RNA, subunit 2, 64kDa, tau variant| |
| UBTD2 | ubiquitin domain containing 2| |
| LARP4B | La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 4B|This gene encodes a member of an evolutionarily conserved protein family implicated in RNA metabolism and translation. Members of this family are characterized by the presence of an La motif, which is often located adjacent to one or more RNA recognition motifs (RRM). Together, the two motifs constitute the functional region of the protein and enable its interaction with the RNA substrate. This protein family is divided into five sub-families: the genuine La proteins and four La-related protein (LARP) sub-families. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to LARP sub-family 4. It is a cytoplasmic protein that may play a stimulatory role in translation. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| UBTD1 | ubiquitin domain containing 1|The degradation of many proteins is carried out by the ubiquitin pathway in which proteins are targeted for degradation by covalent conjugation of the polypeptide ubiquitin. This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the ubiquitin family of proteins. The encoded protein is thought to regulate E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes belonging to the UBE2D family. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| TAS1R1 | taste receptor, type 1, member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a G protein-coupled receptor and is a component of the heterodimeric amino acid taste receptor T1R1+3. The T1R1+3 receptor responds to L-amino acids but not to D-enantiomers or other compounds. Most amino acids that are perceived as sweet activate T1R1+3, and this activation is strictly dependent on an intact T1R1+3 heterodimer. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| TAS1R3 | taste receptor, type 1, member 3|The TAS1R3 gene encodes the human homolog of mouse Sac, a major determinant of differences between sweet-sensitive and -insensitive mouse strains in their responsiveness to sucrose, saccharine, and other sweeteners (Max et al., 2001 [PubMed 11326277]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2010] |
| TAS1R2 | taste receptor, type 1, member 2| |
| CCL2 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2|This gene is one of several cytokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines are a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine is a member of the CC subfamily which is characterized by two adjacent cysteine residues. This cytokine displays chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not for neutrophils or eosinophils. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by monocytic infiltrates, like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. It binds to chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| CCL3 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3|This locus represents a small inducible cytokine. The encoded protein, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha, plays a role in inflammatory responses through binding to the receptors CCR1, CCR4 and CCR5. Polymorphisms at this locus may be associated with both resistance and susceptibility to infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| NFATC2 | nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 2|This gene is a member of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family. The product of this gene is a DNA-binding protein with a REL-homology region (RHR) and an NFAT-homology region (NHR). This protein is present in the cytosol and only translocates to the nucleus upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, where it becomes a member of the nuclear factors of activated T cells transcription complex. This complex plays a central role in inducing gene transcription during the immune response. Alternate transcriptional splice variants encoding different isoforms have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| RPL37A | ribosomal protein L37a|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L37AE family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. The protein contains a C4-type zinc finger-like domain. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NFATC4 | nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 4|This gene encodes a member of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) protein family. The encoded protein is part of a DNA-binding transcription complex. This complex consists of at least two components: a preexisting cytosolic component that translocates to the nucleus upon T cell receptor stimulation and an inducible nuclear component. NFAT proteins are activated by the calmodulin-dependent phosphatase, calcineurin. The encoded protein plays a role in the inducible expression of cytokine genes in T cells, especially in the induction of interleukin-2 and interleukin-4. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| TNFAIP8L2 | tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 8-like 2| |
| TNFAIP8L1 | tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 8-like 1| |
| CCL5 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5|This gene is one of several chemokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines form a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of the N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine, a member of the CC subfamily, functions as a chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T helper cells and eosinophils. It causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. This cytokine is one of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ cells. It functions as one of the natural ligands for the chemokine receptor chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5), and it suppresses in vitro replication of the R5 strains of HIV-1, which use CCR5 as a coreceptor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| CCL8 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 8|This antimicrobial gene is one of several chemokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines form a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine is a member of the CC subfamily which is characterized by two adjacent cysteine residues. This cytokine displays chemotactic activity for monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils and eosinophils. By recruiting leukocytes to sites of inflammation this cytokine may contribute to tumor-associated leukocyte infiltration and to the antiviral state against HIV infection. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| FAM73A | family with sequence similarity 73, member A| |
| FAM73B | family with sequence similarity 73, member B| |
| KRT84 | keratin 84, type II|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. As a type II hair keratin, it is a basic protein which heterodimerizes with type I keratins to form hair and nails. The type II hair keratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q13 and are grouped into two distinct subfamilies based on structure similarity. One subfamily, consisting of KRTHB1, KRTHB3, and KRTHB6, is highly related. The other less-related subfamily includes KRTHB2, KRTHB4, and KRTHB5. All hair keratins are expressed in the hair follicle; this hair keratin is contained primarily in the filiform tongue papilla, among other hair keratins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AP2B1 | adaptor-related protein complex 2, beta 1 subunit|The protein encoded by this gene is one of two large chain components of the assembly protein complex 2, which serves to link clathrin to receptors in coated vesicles. The encoded protein is found on the cytoplasmic face of coated vesicles in the plasma membrane. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HSBP1 | heat shock factor binding protein 1|The heat-shock response is elicited by exposure of cells to thermal and chemical stress and through the activation of HSFs (heat shock factors) results in the elevated expression of heat-shock induced genes. Heat shock factor binding protein 1 (HSBP1), is a 76-amino-acid protein that binds to heat shock factor 1(HSF1), which is a transcription factor involved in the HS response. During HS response, HSF1 undergoes conformational transition from an inert non-DNA-binding monomer to active functional trimers. HSBP1 is nuclear-localized and interacts with the active trimeric state of HSF1 to negatively regulate HSF1 DNA-binding activity. Overexpression of HSBP1 in mammalian cells represses the transactivation activity of HSF1. When overexpressed in C.elegans HSBP1 has severe effects on survival of the animals after thermal and chemical stress consistent with a role of HSBP1 as a negative regulator of heat shock response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HCCS | holocytochrome c synthase|The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme that covalently links a heme group to the apoprotein of cytochrome c. Defects in this gene are a cause of microphthalmia syndromic type 7 (MCOPS7). Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| GFER | growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration|The hepatotrophic factor designated augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) is thought to be one of the factors responsible for the extraordinary regenerative capacity of mammalian liver. It has also been called hepatic regenerative stimulation substance (HSS). The gene resides on chromosome 16 in the interval containing the locus for polycystic kidney disease (PKD1). The putative gene product is 42% similar to the scERV1 protein of yeast. The yeast scERV1 gene had been found to be essential for oxidative phosphorylation, the maintenance of mitochondrial genomes, and the cell division cycle. The human gene is both the structural and functional homolog of the yeast scERV1 gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GATAD1 | GATA zinc finger domain containing 1|The protein encoded by this gene contains a zinc finger at the N-terminus, and is thought to bind to a histone modification site that regulates gene expression. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive dilated cardiomyopathy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| CYP26B1 | cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily B, polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. The encoded protein is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, and functions as a critical regulator of all-trans retinoic acid levels by the specific inactivation of all-trans retinoic acid to hydroxylated forms. Mutations in this gene are associated with radiohumeral fusions and other skeletal and craniofacial anomalies, and increased levels of the encoded protein are associated with atherosclerotic lesions. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2013] |
| TUBD1 | tubulin, delta 1| |
| RRBP1 | ribosome binding protein 1|This gene encodes a ribosome-binding protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Studies suggest that this gene plays a role in ER proliferation, secretory pathways and secretory cell differentiation, and mediation of ER-microtubule interactions. Alternative splicing has been observed and protein isoforms are characterized by regions of N-terminal decapeptide and C-terminal heptad repeats. Splicing of the tandem repeats results in variations in ribosome-binding affinity and secretory function. The full-length nature of variants which differ in repeat length has not been determined. Pseudogenes of this gene have been identified on chromosomes 3 and 7, and RRBP1 has been excluded as a candidate gene in the cause of Alagille syndrome, the result of a mutation in a nearby gene on chromosome 20p12. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| PABPC1L2A | poly(A) binding protein, cytoplasmic 1-like 2A| |
| PPP1R14B | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 14B| |
| PPP1R14C | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 14C|The degree of protein phosphorylation is regulated by a balance of protein kinase and phosphatase activities. Protein phosphatase-1 (PP1; see MIM 176875) is a signal-transducing phosphatase that influences neuronal activity, protein synthesis, metabolism, muscle contraction, and cell division. PPP1R14C is an inhibitor of PP1 (Liu et al., 2002 [PubMed 11812771]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2010] |
| HAP1 | huntingtin-associated protein 1|Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of striatal neurons, is caused by an expansion of a polyglutamine tract in the HD protein huntingtin. This gene encodes a protein that interacts with huntingtin, with two cytoskeletal proteins (dynactin and pericentriolar autoantigen protein 1), and with a hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate. The interactions with cytoskeletal proteins and a kinase substrate suggest a role for this protein in vesicular trafficking or organelle transport. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLEK2 | pleckstrin 2| |
| UBP1 | upstream binding protein 1 (LBP-1a)| |
| CA14 | carbonic anhydrase XIV|Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. They show extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. CA XIV is predicted to be a type I membrane protein and shares highest sequence similarity with the other transmembrane CA isoform, CA XII; however, they have different patterns of tissue-specific expression and thus may play different physiologic roles. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD40 | CD40 molecule, TNF receptor superfamily member 5|This gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. The encoded protein is a receptor on antigen-presenting cells of the immune system and is essential for mediating a broad variety of immune and inflammatory responses including T cell-dependent immunoglobulin class switching, memory B cell development, and germinal center formation. AT-hook transcription factor AKNA is reported to coordinately regulate the expression of this receptor and its ligand, which may be important for homotypic cell interactions. Adaptor protein TNFR2 interacts with this receptor and serves as a mediator of the signal transduction. The interaction of this receptor and its ligand is found to be necessary for amyloid-beta-induced microglial activation, and thus is thought to be an early event in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. Mutations affecting this gene are the cause of autosomal recessive hyper-IgM immunodeficiency type 3 (HIGM3). Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| PID1 | phosphotyrosine interaction domain containing 1| |
| ANXA10 | annexin A10|This gene encodes a member of the annexin family. Members of this calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein family play a role in the regulation of cellular growth and in signal transduction pathways. The function of this gene has not yet been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SDSL | serine dehydratase-like| |
| RALY | RALY heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein|This gene encodes a member of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) gene family. This protein may play a role in pre-mRNA splicing and in embryonic development. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| SRRT | serrate, RNA effector molecule| |
| DNTT | DNA nucleotidylexotransferase|This gene is a member of the DNA polymerase type-X family and encodes a template-independent DNA polymerase that catalyzes the addition of deoxynucleotides to the 3'-hydroxyl terminus of oligonucleotide primers. In vivo, the encoded protein is expressed in a restricted population of normal and malignant pre-B and pre-T lymphocytes during early differentiation, where it generates antigen receptor diversity by synthesizing non-germ line elements (N-regions) at the junctions of rearranged Ig heavy chain and T cell receptor gene segments. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms of this gene have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHGB6 | protocadherin gamma subfamily B, 6|This gene is a member of the protocadherin gamma gene cluster, one of three related clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. These gene clusters have an immunoglobulin-like organization, suggesting that a novel mechanism may be involved in their regulation and expression. The gamma gene cluster includes 22 genes divided into 3 subfamilies. Subfamily A contains 12 genes, subfamily B contains 7 genes and 2 pseudogenes, and the more distantly related subfamily C contains 3 genes. The tandem array of 22 large, variable region exons are followed by a constant region, containing 3 exons shared by all genes in the cluster. Each variable region exon encodes the extracellular region, which includes 6 cadherin ectodomains and a transmembrane region. The constant region exons encode the common cytoplasmic region. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been described for the gamma cluster genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDH12 | protocadherin 12|This gene belongs to the protocadherin gene family, a subfamily of the cadherin superfamily. The encoded protein consists of an extracellular domain containing 6 cadherin repeats, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tail that differs from those of the classical cadherins. The gene localizes to the region on chromosome 5 where the protocadherin gene clusters reside. The exon organization of this transcript is similar to that of the gene cluster transcripts, notably the first large exon, but no significant sequence homology exists. The function of this cellular adhesion protein is undetermined but mouse protocadherin 12 does not bind catenins and appears to have no affect on cell migration or growth. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDH10 | protocadherin 10|This gene belongs to the protocadherin gene family, a subfamily of the cadherin superfamily. This family member contains 6 extracellular cadherin domains, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tail differing from those of the classical cadherins. The encoded protein is a cadherin-related neuronal receptor thought to function in the establishment of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. This gene plays a role in inhibiting cancer cell motility and cell migration. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| PCDH17 | protocadherin 17|This gene belongs to the protocadherin gene family, a subfamily of the cadherin superfamily. The encoded protein contains six extracellular cadherin domains, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail differing from those of the classical cadherins. The encoded protein may play a role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UBA3 | ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 3|The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme family. The encoded enzyme associates with AppBp1, an amyloid beta precursor protein binding protein, to form a heterodimer, and then the enzyme complex activates NEDD8, a ubiquitin-like protein, which regulates cell division, signaling and embryogenesis. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDH15 | protocadherin-related 15|This gene is a member of the cadherin superfamily. Family members encode integral membrane proteins that mediate calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion. It plays an essential role in maintenance of normal retinal and cochlear function. Mutations in this gene result in hearing loss and Usher Syndrome Type IF (USH1F). Extensive alternative splicing resulting in multiple isoforms has been observed in the mouse ortholog. Similar alternatively spliced transcripts are inferred to occur in human, and additional variants are likely to occur. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| ALKBH6 | alkB, alkylation repair homolog 6 (E. coli)| |
| FGFR1OP | FGFR1 oncogene partner|This gene encodes a largely hydrophilic centrosomal protein that is required for anchoring microtubules to subcellular structures. A t(6;8)(q27;p11) chromosomal translocation, fusing this gene and the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) gene, has been found in cases of myeloproliferative disorder. The resulting chimeric protein contains the N-terminal leucine-rich region of this encoded protein fused to the catalytic domain of FGFR1. Alterations in this gene may also be associated with Crohn's disease, Graves' disease, and vitiligo. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different proteins have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| ALKBH4 | alkB, alkylation repair homolog 4 (E. coli)| |
| PCDH19 | protocadherin 19|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the delta-2 protocadherin subclass of the cadherin superfamily. The encoded protein is thought to be a calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein that is primarily expressed in the brain. Defects in this gene are a cause of epilepsy female-restricted with mental retardation (EFMR). Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| ALKBH2 | alkB, alkylation repair homolog 2 (E. coli)|The Escherichia coli AlkB protein protects against the cytotoxicity of methylating agents by repair of the specific DNA lesions generated in single-stranded DNA. ALKBH2 and ALKBH3 (MIM 610603) are E. coli AlkB homologs that catalyze the removal of 1-methyladenine and 3-methylcytosine (Duncan et al., 2002 [PubMed 12486230]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ALKBH3 | alkB, alkylation repair homolog 3 (E. coli)|The Escherichia coli AlkB protein protects against the cytotoxicity of methylating agents by repair of the specific DNA lesions generated in single-stranded DNA. ALKBH2 (MIM 610602) and ALKBH3 are E. coli AlkB homologs that catalyze the removal of 1-methyladenine and 3-methylcytosine (Duncan et al., 2002 [PubMed 12486230]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| RALA | v-ral simian leukemia viral oncogene homolog A (ras related)|The product of this gene belongs to the small GTPase superfamily, Ras family of proteins. GTP-binding proteins mediate the transmembrane signaling initiated by the occupancy of certain cell surface receptors. This gene encodes a low molecular mass ras-like GTP-binding protein that shares about 50% similarity with other ras proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ALKBH1 | alkB, alkylation repair homolog 1 (E. coli)|This gene encodes a homolog to the E. coli alkB gene product. The E. coli alkB protein is part of the adaptive response mechanism of DNA alkylation damage repair. It is involved in damage reversal by oxidative demethylation of 1-methyladenine and 3-methylcytosine. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ISX | intestine-specific homeobox|Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This gene is a member of the RAXLX homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OR10G3 | olfactory receptor, family 10, subfamily G, member 3|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C8orf59 | chromosome 8 open reading frame 59| |
| SCD | stearoyl-CoA desaturase (delta-9-desaturase)|This gene encodes an enzyme involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, primarily the synthesis of oleic acid. Transcripts of approximately 3.9 and 5.2 kb, differing only by alternative polyadenlyation signals, have been detected. A gene encoding a similar enzyme is located on chromosome 4 and a pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| CHCHD2P9 | coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 2 pseudogene 9| |
| LSM3 | LSM3 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae)|Sm-like proteins were identified in a variety of organisms based on sequence homology with the Sm protein family (see SNRPD2; MIM 601061). Sm-like proteins contain the Sm sequence motif, which consists of 2 regions separated by a linker of variable length that folds as a loop. The Sm-like proteins are thought to form a stable heteromer present in tri-snRNP particles, which are important for pre-mRNA splicing.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| DBF4B | DBF4 zinc finger B|This gene encodes a regulator of the cell division cycle 7 homolog (S. cerevisiae) protein, a serine-threonine kinase which links cell cycle regulation to genome duplication. This protein localizes to the nucleus and, in complex with the cell division cycle 7 homolog (S. cerevisiae) protein, may facilitate M phase progression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| CALCOCO2 | calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2|This gene encodes a coiled-coil domain-containing protein. The encoded protein functions as a receptor for ubiquitin-coated bacteria and plays an important role in innate immunity by mediating macroautophagy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| DNAJB9 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 9|This gene is a member of the J protein family. J proteins function in many cellular processes by regulating the ATPase activity of 70 kDa heat shock proteins. This gene is a member of the type 2 subgroup of DnaJ proteins. The encoded protein is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. This protein is induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress and plays a role in protecting stressed cells from apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| DNAJB8 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 8|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the DNAJ/HSP40 family of proteins that regulate chaperone activity. This family member suppresses aggregation and toxicity of polyglutamine proteins, and the C-terminal tail is essential for this activity. It has been implicated as a cancer-testis antigen and as a cancer stem-like cell antigen involved in renal cell carcinoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| DACH2 | dachshund family transcription factor 2|This gene is one of two genes which encode a protein similar to the Drosophila protein dachshund, a transcription factor involved in cell fate determination in the eye, limb and genital disc of the fly. The encoded protein contains two characteristic dachshund domains: an N-terminal domain responsible for DNA binding and a C-terminal domain responsible for protein-protein interactions. This gene is located on the X chromosome and is subject to inactivation by DNA methylation. The encoded protein may be involved in regulation of organogenesis and myogenesis, and may play a role in premature ovarian failure. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| DNAJB3 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 3| |
| DNAJB2 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 2|This gene is almost exclusively expressed in the brain, mainly in the neuronal layers. It encodes a protein that shows sequence similarity to bacterial DnaJ protein and the yeast homologs. In bacteria, this protein is implicated in protein folding and protein complex dissociation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| DNAJB1 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 1| |
| ERCC6L | excision repair cross-complementation group 6-like| |
| DNAJB7 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 7|The protein encoded by this intronless gene belongs to the evolutionarily conserved DNAJ/HSP40 family of proteins, which regulate molecular chaperone activity by stimulating ATPase activity. DNAJ proteins may have up to 3 distinct domains: a conserved 70-amino acid J domain, usually at the N terminus; a glycine/phenylalanine (G/F)-rich region; and a cysteine-rich domain containing 4 motifs resembling a zinc finger domain.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| DNAJB6 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 6|This gene encodes a member of the DNAJ protein family. DNAJ family members are characterized by a highly conserved amino acid stretch called the 'J-domain' and function as one of the two major classes of molecular chaperones involved in a wide range of cellular events, such as protein folding and oligomeric protein complex assembly. This family member may also play a role in polyglutamine aggregation in specific neurons. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants; however, not all variants have been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DNAJB5 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 5|DNAJB5 belongs to the evolutionarily conserved DNAJ/HSP40 protein family. For background information on the DNAJ family, see MIM 608375.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| DNAJB4 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 4|DNAJB4 belongs to the evolutionarily conserved DNAJ/HSP40 protein family. For background information on the DNAJ family, see MIM 608375.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| AMDHD1 | amidohydrolase domain containing 1| |
| AMDHD2 | amidohydrolase domain containing 2| |
| FGF18 | fibroblast growth factor 18|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth, and invasion. It has been shown in vitro that this protein is able to induce neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Studies of the similar proteins in mouse and chick suggested that this protein is a pleiotropic growth factor that stimulates proliferation in a number of tissues, most notably the liver and small intestine. Knockout studies of the similar gene in mice implied the role of this protein in regulating proliferation and differentiation of midline cerebellar structures. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IL27 | interleukin 27|The protein encoded by this gene is one of the subunits of a heterodimeric cytokine complex. This protein is related to interleukin 12A (IL12A). It interacts with Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 3 (EBI3), a protein similar to interleukin 12B (IL12B), and forms a complex that has been shown to drive rapid expansion of naive but not memory CD4(+) T cells. The complex is also found to synergize strongly with interleukin 12 to trigger interferon gamma (IFNG) production of naive CD4(+) T cells. The biological effects of this cytokine are mediated by the class I cytokine receptor (WSX1/TCRR). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DIDO1 | death inducer-obliterator 1|Apoptosis, a major form of cell death, is an efficient mechanism for eliminating unwanted cells and is of central importance for development and homeostasis in metazoan animals. In mice, the death inducer-obliterator-1 gene is upregulated by apoptotic signals and encodes a cytoplasmic protein that translocates to the nucleus upon apoptotic signal activation. When overexpressed, the mouse protein induced apoptosis in cell lines growing in vitro. This gene is similar to the mouse gene and therefore is thought to be involved in apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcripts have been found for this gene, encoding multiple isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SFXN3 | sideroflexin 3| |
| KISS1 | KiSS-1 metastasis-suppressor|This gene is a metastasis suppressor gene that suppresses metastases of melanomas and breast carcinomas without affecting tumorigenicity. The encoded protein may inhibit chemotaxis and invasion and thereby attenuate metastasis in malignant melanomas. Studies suggest a putative role in the regulation of events downstream of cell-matrix adhesion, perhaps involving cytoskeletal reorganization. A protein product of this gene, kisspeptin, stimulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced gonadotropin secretion and regulates the pubertal activation of GnRH nuerons. A polymorphism in the terminal exon of this mRNA results in two protein isoforms. An adenosine present at the polymorphic site represents the third position in a stop codon. When the adenosine is absent, a downstream stop codon is utilized and the encoded protein extends for an additional seven amino acid residues. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| RAB21 | RAB21, member RAS oncogene family|This gene belongs to the Rab family of monomeric GTPases, which are involved in the control of cellular membrane traffic. The encoded protein plays a role in the targeted trafficking of integrins via its association with integrin alpha tails. As a consequence, the encoded protein is involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and migration. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| FRK | fyn-related Src family tyrosine kinase|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the TYR family of protein kinases. This tyrosine kinase is a nuclear protein and may function during G1 and S phase of the cell cycle and suppress growth. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPP1R13B | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 13B|This gene encodes a member of the ASPP (apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53) family of p53 interacting proteins. The protein contains four ankyrin repeats and an SH3 domain involved in protein-protein interactions. ASPP proteins are required for the induction of apoptosis by p53-family proteins. They promote DNA binding and transactivation of p53-family proteins on the promoters of proapoptotic genes. Expression of this gene is regulated by the E2F transcription factor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NIPAL2 | NIPA-like domain containing 2| |
| NIPAL3 | NIPA-like domain containing 3| |
| ZNF808 | zinc finger protein 808| |
| NIPAL4 | NIPA-like domain containing 4|This gene likely encodes a membrane receptor. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| FRY | furry homolog (Drosophila)| |
| HELZ | helicase with zinc finger|HELZ is a member of the superfamily I class of RNA helicases. RNA helicases alter the conformation of RNA by unwinding double-stranded regions, thereby altering the biologic activity of the RNA molecule and regulating access to other proteins (Wagner et al., 1999 [PubMed 10471385]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ZNF800 | zinc finger protein 800| |
| COL17A1 | collagen, type XVII, alpha 1|This gene encodes the alpha chain of type XVII collagen. Unlike most collagens, collagen XVII is a transmembrane protein. Collagen XVII is a structural component of hemidesmosomes, multiprotein complexes at the dermal-epidermal basement membrane zone that mediate adhesion of keratinocytes to the underlying membrane. Mutations in this gene are associated with both generalized atrophic benign and junctional epidermolysis bullosa. Two homotrimeric forms of type XVII collagen exist. The full length form is the transmembrane protein. A soluble form, referred to as either ectodomain or LAD-1, is generated by proteolytic processing of the full length form. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PSG9 | pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 9|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (PSG) family. This protein family and the closely related carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) gene family are both members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and are organized as a large gene cluster. This protein is thought to inhibit platelet-fibrinogen interactions. Several studies suggest that reduced serum concentrations of PSGs are associated with fetal growth restrictions, while up-regulation of this gene has been observed in colorectal cancers. Several pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosome 19. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode multiple protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| FAM65B | family with sequence similarity 65, member B|The protein encoded by this gene stimulates the formation of a non-mitotic multinucleate syncytium from proliferative cytotrophoblasts during trophoblast differentiation. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| FAM65A | family with sequence similarity 65, member A| |
| GRIK1 | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1|Glutamate receptors are the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain and are activated in a variety of normal neurophysiologic processes. This gene product belongs to the kainate family of glutamate receptors, which are composed of four subunits and function as ligand-activated ion channels. The subunit encoded by this gene is subject to RNA editing (CAG->CGG; Q->R) within the second transmembrane domain, which is thought to alter the properties of ion flow. Alternative splicing, resulting in transcript variants encoding different isoforms, has been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GRIK2 | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 2|Glutamate receptors are the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain and are activated in a variety of normal neurophysiologic processes. This gene product belongs to the kainate family of glutamate receptors, which are composed of four subunits and function as ligand-activated ion channels. The subunit encoded by this gene is subject to RNA editing at multiple sites within the first and second transmembrane domains, which is thought to alter the structure and function of the receptor complex. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have also been described for this gene. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive mental retardation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GRIK3 | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 3|Glutamate receptors are the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain and are activated in a variety of normal neurophysiologic processes. This gene product belongs to the kainate family of glutamate receptors, which are composed of four subunits and function as ligand-activated ion channels. It is not certain if the subunit encoded by this gene is subject to RNA editing as the other 2 family members (GRIK1 and GRIK2). A Ser310Ala polymorphism has been associated with schizophrenia, and there are conflicting reports of its association with the pathogenesis of delirium tremens in alcoholics. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GRIK4 | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 4|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the glutamate-gated ionic channel family. Glutamate functions as the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system through activation of ligand-gated ion channels and G protein-coupled membrane receptors. The protein encoded by this gene forms functional heteromeric kainate-preferring ionic channels with the subunits encoded by related gene family members. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| GRIK5 | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 5|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the glutamate-gated ionic channel family. Glutamate functions as the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system through activation of ligand-gated ion channels and G protein-coupled membrane receptors. The protein encoded by this gene forms functional heteromeric kainate-preferring ionic channels with the subunits encoded by related gene family members. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| TTLL3 | tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family member 3| |
| RNF149 | ring finger protein 149| |
| RAB28 | RAB28, member RAS oncogene family|This gene encodes a member of the Rab subfamily of Ras-related small GTPases. The encoded protein may be involved in regulating intracellular trafficking. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 9 and X. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| SLC22A5 | solute carrier family 22 (organic cation/carnitine transporter), member 5|Polyspecific organic cation transporters in the liver, kidney, intestine, and other organs are critical for elimination of many endogenous small organic cations as well as a wide array of drugs and environmental toxins. The encoded protein is a plasma integral membrane protein which functions both as an organic cation transporter and as a sodium-dependent high affinity carnitine transporter. The encoded protein is involved in the active cellular uptake of carnitine. Mutations in this gene are the cause of systemic primary carnitine deficiency (CDSP), an autosomal recessive disorder manifested early in life by hypoketotic hypoglycemia and acute metabolic decompensation, and later in life by skeletal myopathy or cardiomyopathy. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| SGSH | N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase|This gene encodes one of several enzymes involved in the lysosomal degradation of heparan sulfate. Mutations in this gene are associated with Sanfilippo syndrome A, one type of the lysosomal storage disease mucopolysaccaridosis III, which results from impaired degradation of heparan sulfate. Transcripts of varying sizes have been reported but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNF141 | ring finger protein 141|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger, a motif known to be involved in protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions. Abundant expression of this gene was found in the testicular tissue of fertile men, but was not detected in azoospermic patients. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggest that this gene may function as a testis specific transcription factor during spermatogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNF145 | ring finger protein 145| |
| ZNF717 | zinc finger protein 717| |
| C1S | complement component 1, s subcomponent|This gene encodes a serine protease, which is a major constituent of the human complement subcomponent C1. C1s associates with two other complement components C1r and C1q in order to yield the first component of the serum complement system. Defects in this gene are the cause of selective C1s deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| GRSF1 | G-rich RNA sequence binding factor 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a cellular protein that binds RNAs containing the G-rich element. The protein is localized in the cytoplasm, and has been shown to stimulate translation of viral mRNAs in vitro. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SYNRG | synergin, gamma|This gene encodes a protein that interacts with the gamma subunit of AP1 clathrin-adaptor complex. The AP1 complex is located at the trans-Golgi network and associates specific proteins with clathrin-coated vesicles. This encoded protein may act to connect the AP1 complex to other proteins. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HELB | helicase (DNA) B|This gene encodes a DNA-dependent ATPase which catalyzes the unwinding of DNA necessary for DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. This gene is thought to function specifically during the S phase entry of the cell cycle. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| MSH4 | mutS homolog 4|This gene encodes a member of the DNA mismatch repair mutS family. This member is a meiosis-specific protein that is not involved in DNA mismatch correction, but is required for reciprocal recombination and proper segregation of homologous chromosomes at meiosis I. This protein and MSH5 form a heterodimer which binds uniquely to a Holliday Junction and its developmental progenitor, thus provoking ADP-ATP exchange, and stabilizing the interaction between parental chromosomes during meiosis double-stranded break repair. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| MSH5 | mutS homolog 5|This gene encodes a member of the mutS family of proteins that are involved in DNA mismatch repair and meiotic recombination. This protein is similar to a Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein that participates in segregation fidelity and crossing-over events during meiosis. This protein plays a role in promoting ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis. This protein forms hetero-oligomers with another member of this family, mutS homolog 4. Polymorphisms in this gene have been linked to various human diseases, including IgA deficiency, common variable immunodeficiency, and premature ovarian failure. Alternative splicing results multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the downstream chromosome 6 open reading frame 26 (C6orf26) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| MSH6 | mutS homolog 6|This gene encodes a member of the DNA mismatch repair MutS family. In E. coli, the MutS protein helps in the recognition of mismatched nucleotides prior to their repair. A highly conserved region of approximately 150 aa, called the Walker-A adenine nucleotide binding motif, exists in MutS homologs. The encoded protein heterodimerizes with MSH2 to form a mismatch recognition complex that functions as a bidirectional molecular switch that exchanges ADP and ATP as DNA mismatches are bound and dissociated. Mutations in this gene may be associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer, colorectal cancer, and endometrial cancer. Transcripts variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| CALU | calumenin|The product of this gene is a calcium-binding protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and it is involved in such ER functions as protein folding and sorting. This protein belongs to a family of multiple EF-hand proteins (CERC) that include reticulocalbin, ERC-55, and Cab45 and the product of this gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| MYOCD | myocardin|This gene encodes a nuclear protein, which is expressed in heart, aorta, and in smooth muscle cell-containing tissues. It functions as a transcriptional co-activator of serum response factor (SRF) and modulates expression of cardiac and smooth muscle-specific SRF-target genes, and thus may play a crucial role in cardiogenesis and differentiation of the smooth muscle cell lineage. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| FAM219B | family with sequence similarity 219, member B| |
| FAM219A | family with sequence similarity 219, member A|The protein encoded by this gene has homologs that have been identified in mouse, macaque, etc organisms. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| CD320 | CD320 molecule|This gene encodes the transcobalamin receptor that is expressed at the cell surface. It mediates the cellular uptake of transcobalamin bound cobalamin (vitamin B12), and is involved in B-cell proliferation and immunoglobulin secretion. Mutations in this gene are associated with methylmalonic aciduria. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| MUC3A | mucin 3A, cell surface associated|The mucin genes encode epithelial glycoproteins, some of which are secreted and some membrane bound. Each of the genes contains at least one large domain of tandemly repeated sequence that encodes the peptide sequence rich in serine and/or threonine residues, which carries most of the O-linked glycosylation (Gendler and Spicer, 1995 [PubMed 7778880]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2008] |
| C1R | complement component 1, r subcomponent| |
| PCDH18 | protocadherin 18|This gene belongs to the protocadherin gene family, a subfamily of the cadherin superfamily. This gene encodes a protein which contains 6 extracellular cadherin domains, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tail differing from those of the classical cadherins. Although its specific function is undetermined, the cadherin-related neuronal receptor is thought to play a role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| XCR1 | chemokine (C motif) receptor 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a chemokine receptor belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. The family members are characterized by the presence of 7 transmembrane domains and numerous conserved amino acids. This receptor is most closely related to RBS11 and the MIP1-alpha/RANTES receptor. It transduces a signal by increasing the intracellular calcium ions level. The viral macrophage inflammatory protein-II is an antagonist of this receptor and blocks signaling. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RASGRF1 | Ras protein-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) similar to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC25 gene product. Functional analysis has demonstrated that this protein stimulates the dissociation of GDP from RAS protein. The studies of the similar gene in mouse suggested that the Ras-GEF activity of this protein in brain can be activated by Ca2+ influx, muscarinic receptors, and G protein beta-gamma subunit. Mouse studies also indicated that the Ras-GEF signaling pathway mediated by this protein may be important for long-term memory. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| C16orf45 | chromosome 16 open reading frame 45| |
| XPR1 | xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 1| |
| NFXL1 | nuclear transcription factor, X-box binding-like 1| |
| PACSIN3 | protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons 3|This gene is a member of the protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons family. The encoded protein is involved in linking the actin cytoskeleton with vesicle formation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| PACSIN2 | protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons 2|This gene is a member of the protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons family. The encoded protein is involved in linking the actin cytoskeleton with vesicle formation by regulating tubulin polymerization. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| GREM2 | gremlin 2, DAN family BMP antagonist|This gene encodes a member of the BMP (bone morphogenic protein) antagonist family. Like BMPs, BMP antagonists contain cystine knots and typically form homo- and heterodimers. The CAN (cerberus and dan) subfamily of BMP antagonists, to which this gene belongs, is characterized by a C-terminal cystine knot with an eight-membered ring. The antagonistic effect of the secreted glycosylated protein encoded by this gene is likely due to its direct binding to BMP proteins. As an antagonist of BMP, this gene may play a role in regulating organogenesis, body patterning, and tissue differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COPA | coatomer protein complex, subunit alpha|In eukaryotic cells, protein transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi compartments is mediated in part by non-clathrin-coated vesicular coat proteins (COPs). Seven coat proteins have been identified, and they represent subunits of a complex known as coatomer. The subunits are designated alpha-COP, beta-COP, beta-prime-COP, gamma-COP, delta-COP, epsilon-COP, and zeta-COP. The alpha-COP, encoded by COPA, shares high sequence similarity with RET1P, the alpha subunit of the coatomer complex in yeast. Also, the N-terminal 25 amino acids of alpha-COP encode the bioactive peptide, xenin, which stimulates exocrine pancreatic secretion and may act as a gastrointestinal hormone. Alternative splicing results in multiple splice forms encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DHH | desert hedgehog|This gene encodes a member of the hedgehog family. The hedgehog gene family encodes signaling molecules that play an important role in regulating morphogenesis. This protein is predicted to be made as a precursor that is autocatalytically cleaved; the N-terminal portion is soluble and contains the signalling activity while the C-terminal portion is involved in precursor processing. More importantly, the C-terminal product covalently attaches a cholesterol moiety to the N-terminal product, restricting the N-terminal product to the cell surface and preventing it from freely diffusing throughout the organism. Defects in this protein have been associated with partial gonadal dysgenesis (PGD) accompanied by minifascicular polyneuropathy. This protein may be involved in both male gonadal differentiation and perineurial development. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| HACE1 | HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1| |
| INTU | inturned planar cell polarity protein| |
| PADI3 | peptidyl arginine deiminase, type III|This gene encodes a member of the peptidyl arginine deiminase family of enzymes, which catalyze the post-translational deimination of proteins by converting arginine residues into citrullines in the presence of calcium ions. The family members have distinct substrate specificities and tissue-specific expression patterns. The type III enzyme modulates hair structural proteins, such as filaggrin in the hair follicle and trichohyalin in the inner root sheath, during hair follicle formation. Together with the type I enzyme, this enzyme may also play a role in terminal differentiation of the epidermis. This gene exists in a cluster with four other paralogous genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PADI2 | peptidyl arginine deiminase, type II|This gene encodes a member of the peptidyl arginine deiminase family of enzymes, which catalyze the post-translational deimination of proteins by converting arginine residues into citrullines in the presence of calcium ions. The family members have distinct substrate specificities and tissue-specific expression patterns. The type II enzyme is the most widely expressed family member. Known substrates for this enzyme include myelin basic protein in the central nervous system and vimentin in skeletal muscle and macrophages. This enzyme is thought to play a role in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative human disorders, including Alzheimer disease and multiple sclerosis, and it has also been implicated in glaucoma pathogenesis. This gene exists in a cluster with four other paralogous genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PADI4 | peptidyl arginine deiminase, type IV|This gene is a member of a gene family which encodes enzymes responsible for the conversion of arginine residues to citrulline residues. This gene may play a role in granulocyte and macrophage development leading to inflammation and immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDK20 | cyclin-dependent kinase 20|The protein encoded by this gene contains a kinase domain most closely related to the cyclin-dependent protein kinases. The encoded kinase may activate cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and is involved in cell growth. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| CDC16 | cell division cycle 16|This gene encodes a component protein of the APC complex, which is composed of eight proteins and functions as a protein ubiquitin ligase. The APC complex is a cyclin degradation system that governs exit from mitosis. Each component protein of the APC complex is highly conserved among eukaryotic organisms. This protein and two other APC complex proteins, CDC23 and CDC27, contain a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR), a protein domain that may be involved in protein-protein interaction. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AGTPBP1 | ATP/GTP binding protein 1|NNA1 is a zinc carboxypeptidase that contains nuclear localization signals and an ATP/GTP-binding motif that was initially cloned from regenerating spinal cord neurons of the mouse.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002] |
| HIST2H2AC | histone cluster 2, H2ac|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2A family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LATS1 | large tumor suppressor kinase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a putative serine/threonine kinase that localizes to the mitotic apparatus and complexes with cell cycle controller CDC2 kinase in early mitosis. The protein is phosphorylated in a cell-cycle dependent manner, with late prophase phosphorylation remaining through metaphase. The N-terminal region of the protein binds CDC2 to form a complex showing reduced H1 histone kinase activity, indicating a role as a negative regulator of CDC2/cyclin A. In addition, the C-terminal kinase domain binds to its own N-terminal region, suggesting potential negative regulation through interference with complex formation via intramolecular binding. Biochemical and genetic data suggest a role as a tumor suppressor. This is supported by studies in knockout mice showing development of soft-tissue sarcomas, ovarian stromal cell tumors and a high sensitivity to carcinogenic treatments. Two protein-coding transcripts and one non-protein coding transcript have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| PM20D2 | peptidase M20 domain containing 2| |
| TOE1 | target of EGR1, member 1 (nuclear)| |
| ITPR1 | inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 1|This gene encodes an intracellular receptor for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Upon stimulation by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, this receptor mediates calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutations in this gene cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 15, a disease associated with an heterogeneous group of cerebellar disorders. Multiple transcript variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| SHC4 | SHC (Src homology 2 domain containing) family, member 4| |
| GPIHBP1 | glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored high density lipoprotein binding protein 1|This gene encodes a capillary endothelial cell protein that facilitates the lipolytic processing of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The encoded protein is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein that is a member of the lymphocyte antigen 6 (Ly6) family. This protein plays a major role in transporting lipoprotein lipase (LPL) from the subendothelial spaces to the capillary lumen. Mutations in this gene are the cause of hyperlipoproteinemia, type 1D. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| NRIP1 | nuclear receptor interacting protein 1|Nuclear receptor interacting protein 1 (NRIP1) is a nuclear protein that specifically interacts with the hormone-dependent activation domain AF2 of nuclear receptors. Also known as RIP140, this protein modulates transcriptional activity of the estrogen receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NRIP2 | nuclear receptor interacting protein 2| |
| NRIP3 | nuclear receptor interacting protein 3| |
| GPR135 | G protein-coupled receptor 135| |
| GPR137 | G protein-coupled receptor 137| |
| VTI1A | vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs 1A| |
| TWISTNB | TWIST neighbor| |
| VTI1B | vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs 1B| |
| ATP6V1C2 | ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 42kDa, V1 subunit C2|This gene encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of eukaryotic intracellular organelles. V-ATPase dependent organelle acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. V-ATPase is composed of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. The V1 domain consists of three A,three B, and two G subunits, as well as a C, D, E, F, and H subunit. The V1 domain contains the ATP catalytic site. This gene encodes alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different V1 domain C subunit isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATP6V1C1 | ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 42kDa, V1 subunit C1|This gene encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of intracellular compartments of eukaryotic cells. V-ATPase dependent acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. V-ATPase is composed of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. The V1 domain consists of three A and three B subunits, two G subunits plus the C, D, E, F, and H subunits. The V1 domain contains the ATP catalytic site. The V0 domain consists of five different subunits: a, c, c', c'', and d. Additional isoforms of many of the V1 and V0 subunit proteins are encoded by multiple genes or alternatively spliced transcript variants. This gene is one of two genes that encode the V1 domain C subunit proteins and is found ubiquitously. This C subunit is analogous but not homologous to gamma subunit of F-ATPases. Previously, this gene was designated ATP6D. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DDOST | dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit (non-catalytic)|This gene encodes a component of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex which catalyzes the transfer of high-mannose oligosaccharides to asparagine residues on nascent polypeptides in the lumen of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The protein complex co-purifies with ribosomes. The product of this gene is also implicated in the processing of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), which form from non-enzymatic reactions between sugars and proteins or lipids and are associated with aging and hyperglycemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AHNAK | AHNAK nucleoprotein| |
| FAM210A | family with sequence similarity 210, member A| |
| VCAM1 | vascular cell adhesion molecule 1|This gene is a member of the Ig superfamily and encodes a cell surface sialoglycoprotein expressed by cytokine-activated endothelium. This type I membrane protein mediates leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and signal transduction, and may play a role in the development of artherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Three alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| RPN1 | ribophorin I|This gene encodes a type I integral membrane protein found only in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The encoded protein is part of an N-oligosaccharyl transferase complex that links high mannose oligosaccharides to asparagine residues found in the Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif of nascent polypeptide chains. This protein forms part of the regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome and may mediate binding of ubiquitin-like domains to this proteasome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDKN2AIP | CDKN2A interacting protein| |
| RPN2 | ribophorin II|This gene encodes a type I integral membrane protein found only in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The encoded protein is part of an N-oligosaccharyl transferase complex that links high mannose oligosaccharides to asparagine residues found in the Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif of nascent polypeptide chains. This protein is similar in sequence to the yeast oligosaccharyl transferase subunit SWP1. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| ATF7IP | activating transcription factor 7 interacting protein|ATF7IP is a multifunctional nuclear protein that associates with heterochromatin. It can act as a transcriptional coactivator or corepressor depending upon its binding partners (summary by Liu et al., 2009 [PubMed 19106100]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| TSKU | tsukushi, small leucine rich proteoglycan| |
| TOMM6 | translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 6 homolog (yeast)| |
| TOMM7 | translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 7 homolog (yeast)|This gene encodes a subunit of the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane. The encoded protein regulates the assembly and stability of the translocase complex. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| PPP1R3E | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3E| |
| PPP1R3D | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3D|Phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues in proteins is a crucial step in the regulation of many cellular functions ranging from hormonal regulation to cell division and even short-term memory. The level of phosphorylation is controlled by the opposing actions of protein kinases and protein phosphatases. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is 1 of 4 major serine/threonine-specific protein phosphatases which have been identified in eukaryotic cells. PP1 associates with various regulatory subunits that dictate its subcellular localization and modulate its substrate specificity. Several subunits that target PP1 to glycogen have been identified. This gene encodes a glycogen-targeting subunit of PP1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPP1R3C | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3C|This gene encodes a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase-1 (PP1). PP1 catalyzes reversible protein phosphorylation, which is important in a wide range of cellular activities: neuronal, muscular, RNA splicing, protein synthesis, cell death, and glycogen metabolism, to name just a few. By interacting with different regulatory subunits, PP1 is directed to different parts of the cell, to different substrates, or to respond to extracellular signals. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| PPP1R3B | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3B|This gene encodes the catalytic subunit of the serine/theonine phosphatase, protein phosphatase-1. The encoded protein is expressed in liver and skeletal muscle tissue and may be involved in regulating glycogen synthesis in these tissues. This gene may be a involved in type 2 diabetes and maturity-onset diabetes of the young. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| PPP1R3A | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3A|The glycogen-associated form of protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) derived from skeletal muscle is a heterodimer composed of a 37-kD catalytic subunit and a 124-kD targeting and regulatory subunit. This gene encodes the regulatory subunit which binds to muscle glycogen with high affinity, thereby enhancing dephosphorylation of glycogen-bound substrates for PP1 such as glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase kinase. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TFIP11 | tuftelin interacting protein 11|TFIP11 is a nuclear speckle-localized protein that may play a role in spliceosome disassembly in Cajal bodies (Stanek et al., 2008 [PubMed 18367544]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2009] |
| SYNE4 | spectrin repeat containing, nuclear envelope family member 4| |
| AHCTF1 | AT hook containing transcription factor 1| |
| GOPC | golgi-associated PDZ and coiled-coil motif containing|This gene encodes a Golgi protein with a PDZ domain. The PDZ domain is globular and proteins which contain them bind other proteins through short motifs near the C-termini. Mice which are deficient in the orthologous protein have globozoospermia and are infertile. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| PPP2R3B | protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B'', beta|Protein phosphatase 2 (formerly named type 2A) is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases and is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. Protein phosphatase 2 holoenzymes are heterotrimeric proteins composed of a structural subunit A, a catalytic subunit C, and a regulatory subunit B. The regulatory subunit is encoded by a diverse set of genes that have been grouped into the B/PR55, B'/PR61, and B''/PR72 families. These different regulatory subunits confer distinct enzymatic specificities and intracellular localizations to the holozenzyme. The product of this gene belongs to the B'' family. The B'' family has been further divided into subfamilies. The product of this gene belongs to the beta subfamily of regulatory subunit B''. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| LUC7L3 | LUC7-like 3 (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a protein with an N-terminal half that contains cysteine/histidine motifs and leucine zipper-like repeats, and the C-terminal half is rich in arginine and glutamate residues (RE domain) and arginine and serine residues (RS domain). This protein localizes with a speckled pattern in the nucleus, and could be involved in the formation of splicesome via the RE and RS domains. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| LUC7L2 | LUC7-like 2 (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a protein that contains a C2H2-type zinc finger, coiled-coil region and arginine, serine-rich (RS) domain. A similar protein in mouse interacts with sodium channel modifier 1, and the encoded protein may be involved in the recognition of non-consensus splice donor sites in association with the U1 snRNP spliceosomal subunit. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| FAM131A | family with sequence similarity 131, member A| |
| FAM131B | family with sequence similarity 131, member B| |
| FAM131C | family with sequence similarity 131, member C| |
| HAL | histidine ammonia-lyase|Histidine ammonia-lyase is a cytosolic enzyme catalyzing the first reaction in histidine catabolism, the nonoxidative deamination of L-histidine to trans-urocanic acid. Histidine ammonia-lyase defects cause histidinemia which is characterized by increased histidine and histamine and decreased urocanic acid in body fluids. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| TBXAS1 | thromboxane A synthase 1 (platelet)|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. However, this protein is considered a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily on the basis of sequence similarity rather than functional similarity. This endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein catalyzes the conversion of prostglandin H2 to thromboxane A2, a potent vasoconstrictor and inducer of platelet aggregation. The enzyme plays a role in several pathophysiological processes including hemostasis, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| CAMKMT | calmodulin-lysine N-methyltransferase|This gene encodes a class I protein methyltransferase that acts in the formation of trimethyllysine in calmodulin. The protein contains a AdoMet-binding motif and may play a role in calcium-dependent signaling. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012] |
| HIST1H1A | histone cluster 1, H1a|Histones are basic nuclear proteins responsible for nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H1 family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the large histone gene cluster on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ERLEC1 | endoplasmic reticulum lectin 1|This gene encodes a resident endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein that functions in N-glycan recognition. This protein is thought to be involved in ER-associated degradation via its interaction with the membrane-associated ubiquitin ligase complex. It also functions as a regulator of multiple cellular stress-response pathways in a manner that promotes metastatic cell survival. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 21. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| TPSB2 | tryptase beta 2 (gene/pseudogene)|Tryptases comprise a family of trypsin-like serine proteases, the peptidase family S1. Tryptases are enzymatically active only as heparin-stabilized tetramers, and they are resistant to all known endogenous proteinase inhibitors. Several tryptase genes are clustered on chromosome 16p13.3. These genes are characterized by several distinct features. They have a highly conserved 3' UTR and contain tandem repeat sequences at the 5' flank and 3' UTR which are thought to play a role in regulation of the mRNA stability. These genes have an intron immediately upstream of the initiator Met codon, which separates the site of transcription initiation from protein coding sequence. This feature is characteristic of tryptases but is unusual in other genes. The alleles of this gene exhibit an unusual amount of sequence variation, such that the alleles were once thought to represent two separate genes, beta II and beta III. Beta tryptases appear to be the main isoenzymes expressed in mast cells, whereas in basophils, alpha-tryptases predominate. Tryptases have been implicated as mediators in the pathogenesis of asthma and other allergic and inflammatory disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SH3GLB2 | SH3-domain GRB2-like endophilin B2| |
| CDO1 | cysteine dioxygenase type 1| |
| PPP1R37 | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 37| |
| PPP1R36 | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 36| |
| PPP1R35 | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 35| |
| TRPS1 | trichorhinophalangeal syndrome I|This gene encodes a transcription factor that represses GATA-regulated genes and binds to a dynein light chain protein. Binding of the encoded protein to the dynein light chain protein affects binding to GATA consensus sequences and suppresses its transcriptional activity. Defects in this gene are a cause of tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome (TRPS) types I-III. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TLE6 | transducin-like enhancer of split 6| |
| PPP1R32 | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 32| |
| CCRL2 | chemokine (C-C motif) receptor-like 2|This gene encodes a chemokine receptor like protein, which is predicted to be a seven transmembrane protein and most closely related to CCR1. Chemokines and their receptors mediated signal transduction are critical for the recruitment of effector immune cells to the site of inflammation. This gene is expressed at high levels in primary neutrophils and primary monocytes, and is further upregulated on neutrophil activation and during monocyte to macrophage differentiation. The function of this gene is unknown. This gene is mapped to the region where the chemokine receptor gene cluster is located. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LRRC70 | leucine rich repeat containing 70| |
| ZNF619 | zinc finger protein 619| |
| NME4 | NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 4|The nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinases (EC 2.7.4.6) are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze transfer of gamma-phosphates, via a phosphohistidine intermediate, between nucleoside and dioxynucleoside tri- and diphosphates. The enzymes are products of the nm23 gene family, which includes NME4 (Milon et al., 1997 [PubMed 9099850]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2008] |
| INPP5A | inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase, 40kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane-associated type I inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) 5-phosphatase. InsP3 5-phosphatases hydrolyze Ins(1,4,5)P3, which mobilizes intracellular calcium and acts as a second messenger mediating cell responses to various stimulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NME6 | NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 6|Nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinases (EC 2.7.4.6), such as NME6, are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze transfer of gamma-phosphates, via a phosphohistidine intermediate, between nucleoside and dioxynucleoside tri- and diphosphates (Mehus et al., 1999 [PubMed 10453732]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2010] |
| NME7 | NME/NM23 family member 7| |
| INPP5D | inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase, 145kDa|This gene is a member of the inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase (INPP5) family and encodes a protein with an N-terminal SH2 domain, an inositol phosphatase domain, and two C-terminal protein interaction domains. Expression of this protein is restricted to hematopoietic cells where its movement from the cytosol to the plasma membrane is mediated by tyrosine phosphorylation. At the plasma membrane, the protein hydrolyzes the 5' phosphate from phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate and inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate, thereby affecting multiple signaling pathways. The protein is also partly localized to the nucleus, where it may be involved in nuclear inositol phosphate signaling processes. Overall, the protein functions as a negative regulator of myeloid cell proliferation and survival. Mutations in this gene are associated with defects and cancers of the immune system. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| INPP5E | inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase, 72 kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) 5-phosphatase. InsP3 5-phosphatases hydrolyze Ins(1,4,5)P3, which mobilizes intracellular calcium and acts as a second messenger mediating cell responses to various stimulation. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggest that this protein may hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate on the cytoplasmic Golgi membrane and thereby regulate Golgi-vesicular trafficking. Mutations in this gene cause Joubert syndrome; a clinically and genetically heterogenous group of disorders characterized by midbrain-hindbrain malformation and various associated ciliopathies that include retinal dystrophy, nephronophthisis, liver fibrosis and polydactyly.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| NME2 | NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2|Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK) exists as a hexamer composed of 'A' (encoded by NME1) and 'B' (encoded by this gene) isoforms. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. Read-through transcription from the neighboring upstream gene (NME1) generates naturally-occurring transcripts (NME1-NME2) that encode a fusion protein comprised of sequence sharing identity with each individual gene product. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| NME3 | NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 3| |
| INPP5J | inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase J| |
| INPP5K | inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase K|This gene encodes a protein with 5-phosphatase activity toward polyphosphate inositol. The protein localizes to the cytosol in regions lacking actin stress fibers. It is thought that this protein may negatively regulate the actin cytoskeleton. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| NME8 | NME/NM23 family member 8|This gene encodes a protein with an N-terminal thioredoxin domain and three C-terminal nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK) domains, but the NDK domains are thought to be catalytically inactive. The sea urchin ortholog of this gene encodes a component of sperm outer dynein arms, and the protein is implicated in ciliary function. Mutations in this gene are implicated in primary ciliary dyskinesia type 6.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| NME9 | NME/NM23 family member 9| |
| RAI14 | retinoic acid induced 14| |
| FREM2 | FRAS1 related extracellular matrix protein 2|This gene encodes an integral membrane protein containing numerous CSPG (chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan element) repeats and Calx-beta domains. The encoded protein localizes to the basement membrane, forming a ternary complex that plays a role in epidermal-dermal interactions. This protein is important for the integrity of skin and renal epithelia. Mutations in this gene are associated with Fraser syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| FREM1 | FRAS1 related extracellular matrix 1|This gene encodes a basement membrane protein that may play a role in craniofacial and renal development. Mutations in this gene have been associated with bifid nose with or without anorectal and renal anomalies. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. PubMed ID 19940113 describes one such variant that initiates transcription within a distinct, internal exon; the resulting shorter isoform (named Toll-like/interleukin-1 receptor regulator, TILRR) is suggested to be a co-receptor of the interleukin 1 receptor family and may regulate receptor function and Toll-like receptor/interleukin 1 receptor signal transduction, contributing to the control of inflammatory response activation. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011] |
| MSANTD4 | Myb/SANT-like DNA-binding domain containing 4 with coiled-coils| |
| MSANTD2 | Myb/SANT-like DNA-binding domain containing 2| |
| MSANTD3 | Myb/SANT-like DNA-binding domain containing 3| |
| HELT | helt bHLH transcription factor| |
| CNST | consortin, connexin sorting protein|Targeting of numerous transmembrane proteins to the cell surface is thought to depend on their recognition by cargo receptors that interact with the adaptor machinery for anterograde traffic at the distal end of the Golgi complex. Consortin (CNST) is an integral membrane protein that acts as a binding partner of connexins, the building blocks of gap junctions, and acts as a trans-Golgi network (TGN) receptor involved in connexin targeting to the plasma membrane and recycling from the cell surface (del Castillo et al., 2010 [PubMed 19864490]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2010] |
| HELQ | helicase, POLQ-like|HEL308 is a single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase and DNA helicase (Marini and Wood, 2002 [PubMed 11751861]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CHI3L1 | chitinase 3-like 1 (cartilage glycoprotein-39)|Chitinases catalyze the hydrolysis of chitin, which is an abundant glycopolymer found in insect exoskeletons and fungal cell walls. The glycoside hydrolase 18 family of chitinases includes eight human family members. This gene encodes a glycoprotein member of the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family. The protein lacks chitinase activity and is secreted by activated macrophages, chondrocytes, neutrophils and synovial cells. The protein is thought to play a role in the process of inflammation and tissue remodeling. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| CLSPN | claspin|The product of this gene is an essential upstream regulator of checkpoint kinase 1 and triggers a checkpoint arrest of the cell cycle in response to replicative stress or DNA damage. The protein is also required for efficient DNA replication during a normal S phase. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| FGFR1 | fibroblast growth factor receptor 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family, where amino acid sequence is highly conserved between members and throughout evolution. FGFR family members differ from one another in their ligand affinities and tissue distribution. A full-length representative protein consists of an extracellular region, composed of three immunoglobulin-like domains, a single hydrophobic membrane-spanning segment and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain. The extracellular portion of the protein interacts with fibroblast growth factors, setting in motion a cascade of downstream signals, ultimately influencing mitogenesis and differentiation. This particular family member binds both acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors and is involved in limb induction. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Pfeiffer syndrome, Jackson-Weiss syndrome, Antley-Bixler syndrome, osteoglophonic dysplasia, and autosomal dominant Kallmann syndrome 2. Chromosomal aberrations involving this gene are associated with stem cell myeloproliferative disorder and stem cell leukemia lymphoma syndrome. Alternatively spliced variants which encode different protein isoforms have been described; however, not all variants have been fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EPB42 | erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.2|Erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.2 is an ATP-binding protein which may regulate the association of protein 3 with ankyrin. It probably has a role in erythrocyte shape and mechanical property regulation. Mutations in the EPB42 gene are associated with recessive spherocytic elliptocytosis and recessively transmitted hereditary hemolytic anemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EPB41 | erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1|The protein encoded by this gene, together with spectrin and actin, constitute the red cell membrane cytoskeletal network. This complex plays a critical role in erythrocyte shape and deformability. Mutations in this gene are associated with type 1 elliptocytosis (EL1). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| DFNB31 | deafness, autosomal recessive 31|This gene is thought to function in the organization and stabilization of sterocilia elongation and actin cystoskeletal assembly, based on studies of the related mouse gene. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive non-syndromic deafness and Usher Syndrome. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| GSKIP | GSK3B interacting protein|This gene encodes a protein that is involved as a negative regulator of GSK3-beta in the Wnt signaling pathway. The encoded protein may play a role in the retinoic acid signaling pathway by regulating the functional interactions between GSK3-beta, beta-catenin and cyclin D1, and it regulates the beta-catenin/N-cadherin pool. The encoded protein contains a GSK3-beta interacting domain (GID) in its C-terminus, which is similar to the GID of Axin. The protein also contains an evolutionarily conserved RII-binding domain, which facilitates binding with protein kinase-A and GSK3-beta, enabling its role as an A-kinase anchoring protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| MATR3 | matrin 3|This gene encodes a nuclear matrix protein, which is proposed to stabilize certain messenger RNA species. Mutations of this gene are associated with distal myopathy 2, which often includes vocal cord and pharyngeal weakness. Alternatively spliced transcript variants, including read-through transcripts composed of the upstream small nucleolar RNA host gene 4 (non-protein coding) and matrin 3 gene sequence, have been identified. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 1 and X. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| MYADM | myeloid-associated differentiation marker| |
| RBAK | RB-associated KRAB zinc finger|This gene encodes a nuclear protein which interacts with the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma 1. The two interacting proteins are thought to act as a transcriptional repressor for promoters which are activated by the E2F1 transcription factor. This protein contains a Kruppel-associated box (KRAB), which is a transcriptional repressor motif. Read-through transcripts that include exons from the downstream gene LOC389458 are expressed from this locus. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| MUC19 | mucin 19, oligomeric|This gene encodes a member of the gel-forming mucin protein family. Mucin family members are glycoproteins that have tandem repeats which are extensively O-glycosylated. The structural features of mucin proteins are responsible for the gel-like properties of mucus. The encoded protein may be involved in disruption of the ocular surface in Sjogren syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| TRANK1 | tetratricopeptide repeat and ankyrin repeat containing 1| |
| CYP4F3 | cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily F, polypeptide 3|This gene, CYP4F3, encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. The enzyme starts the process of inactivating and degrading leukotriene B4, a potent mediator of inflammation. This gene is part of a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes on chromosome 19. Another member of this family, CYP4F8, is approximately 18 kb away. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| TEKT3 | tektin 3|This gene product belongs to the tektin family of proteins. Tektins comprise a family of filament-forming proteins that are coassembled with tubulins to form ciliary and flagellar microtubules. The exact function of this gene is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VPS37D | vacuolar protein sorting 37 homolog D (S. cerevisiae)| |
| VPS37C | vacuolar protein sorting 37 homolog C (S. cerevisiae)|VPS37C is a subunit of ESCRT-I (endosomal sorting complex required for transport I), a complex in the class E vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) pathway required for sorting ubiquitinated transmembrane proteins into internal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (Eastman et al., 2005 [PubMed 15509564]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| VPS37B | vacuolar protein sorting 37 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)| |
| VPS37A | vacuolar protein sorting 37 homolog A (S. cerevisiae)|This gene belongs to the VPS37 family, and encodes a component of the ESCRT-I (endosomal sorting complex required for transport I) protein complex, required for the sorting of ubiquitinated transmembrane proteins into internal vesicles of multivesicular bodies. Expression of this gene is downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma, and mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia-53. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 5. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| PNPLA3 | patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a triacylglycerol lipase that mediates triacylglycerol hydrolysis in adipocytes. The encoded protein, which appears to be membrane bound, may be involved in the balance of energy usage/storage in adipocytes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PNPLA2 | patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2|This gene encodes an enzyme which catalyzes the first step in the hydrolysis of triglycerides in adipose tissue. Mutations in this gene are associated with neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| TIAM2 | T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 2|This gene encodes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor. A highly similar mouse protein specifically activates ras-related C3 botulinum substrate 1, converting this Rho-like guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) from a guanosine diphosphate-bound inactive state to a guanosine triphosphate-bound active state. The encoded protein may play a role in neural cell development. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PNPLA7 | patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 7|Human patatin-like phospholipases, such as PNPLA7, have been implicated in regulation of adipocyte differentiation and have been induced by metabolic stimuli (Wilson et al., 2006 [PubMed 16799181]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2008] |
| PNPLA6 | patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 6|This gene encodes a phospholipase that deacetylates intracellular phosphatidylcholine to produce glycerophosphocholine. It is thought to function in neurite outgrowth and process elongation during neuronal differentiation. The protein is anchored to the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum in both neurons and non-neuronal cells. Mutations in this gene result in autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia, and the protein is the target for neurodegeneration induced by organophosphorus compounds and chemical warfare agents. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| GUCA2A | guanylate cyclase activator 2A (guanylin)| |
| SHC3 | SHC (Src homology 2 domain containing) transforming protein 3| |
| PNPLA8 | patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 8|This gene encodes a member of the patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein family. Members of this family are phospholipases which catalyze the cleavage of fatty acids from membrane phospholipids. The product of this gene is a calcium-independent phospholipase. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the X chromosome. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| CLUH | clustered mitochondria (cluA/CLU1) homolog| |
| UNC5A | unc-5 homolog A (C. elegans)|UNC5A belongs to a family of netrin-1 (MIM 601614) receptors thought to mediate the chemorepulsive effect of netrin-1 on specific axons. For more information on UNC5 proteins, see UNC5C (MIM 603610).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| GFOD2 | glucose-fructose oxidoreductase domain containing 2| |
| GFOD1 | glucose-fructose oxidoreductase domain containing 1| |
| ASB3 | ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing (ASB) family of proteins. They contain ankyrin repeat sequence and SOCS box domain. The SOCS box serves to couple suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins and their binding partners with the elongin B and C complex, possibly targeting them for degradation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| HOMEZ | homeobox and leucine zipper encoding| |
| KATNAL1 | katanin p60 subunit A-like 1| |
| KATNAL2 | katanin p60 subunit A-like 2| |
| PRKAR1A | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, alpha|cAMP is a signaling molecule important for a variety of cellular functions. cAMP exerts its effects by activating the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which transduces the signal through phosphorylation of different target proteins. The inactive kinase holoenzyme is a tetramer composed of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. Four different regulatory subunits and three catalytic subunits have been identified in humans. This gene encodes one of the regulatory subunits. This protein was found to be a tissue-specific extinguisher that down-regulates the expression of seven liver genes in hepatoma x fibroblast hybrids. Mutations in this gene cause Carney complex (CNC). This gene can fuse to the RET protooncogene by gene rearrangement and form the thyroid tumor-specific chimeric oncogene known as PTC2. A nonconventional nuclear localization sequence (NLS) has been found for this protein which suggests a role in DNA replication via the protein serving as a nuclear transport protein for the second subunit of the Replication Factor C (RFC40). Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| ATG10 | autophagy related 10|Autophagy is a process for the bulk degradation of cytosolic compartments by lysosomes. ATG10 is an E2-like enzyme involved in 2 ubiquitin-like modifications essential for autophagosome formation: ATG12 (MIM 609608)-ATG5 (MIM 604261) conjugation and modification of a soluble form of MAP-LC3 (MAP1LC3A; MIM 601242), a homolog of yeast Apg8, to a membrane-bound form (Nemoto et al., 2003 [PubMed 12890687]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SFPQ | splicing factor proline/glutamine-rich| |
| ATG13 | autophagy related 13| |
| ATG14 | autophagy related 14| |
| SRMS | src-related kinase lacking C-terminal regulatory tyrosine and N-terminal myristylation sites| |
| KIAA0754 | KIAA0754| |
| KIAA0753 | KIAA0753| |
| ATG12 | autophagy related 12|Autophagy is a process of bulk protein degradation in which cytoplasmic components, including organelles, are enclosed in double-membrane structures called autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes or vacuoles for degradation. ATG12 is the human homolog of a yeast protein involved in autophagy (Mizushima et al., 1998 [PubMed 9852036]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SAFB2 | scaffold attachment factor B2| |
| SMPD3 | sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase II)| |
| MRC2 | mannose receptor, C type 2|This gene encodes a member of the mannose receptor family of proteins that contain a fibronectin type II domain and multiple C-type lectin-like domains. The encoded protein plays a role in extracellular matrix remodeling by mediating the internalization and lysosomal degradation of collagen ligands. Expression of this gene may play a role in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of several malignancies including breast cancer, gliomas and metastatic bone disease. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| COL12A1 | collagen, type XII, alpha 1|This gene encodes the alpha chain of type XII collagen, a member of the FACIT (fibril-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices) collagen family. Type XII collagen is a homotrimer found in association with type I collagen, an association that is thought to modify the interactions between collagen I fibrils and the surrounding matrix. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LCK | LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase|This gene is a member of the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs). The encoded protein is a key signaling molecule in the selection and maturation of developing T-cells. It contains N-terminal sites for myristylation and palmitylation, a PTK domain, and SH2 and SH3 domains which are involved in mediating protein-protein interactions with phosphotyrosine-containing and proline-rich motifs, respectively. The protein localizes to the plasma membrane and pericentrosomal vesicles, and binds to cell surface receptors, including CD4 and CD8, and other signaling molecules. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPR45 | G protein-coupled receptor 45|This intronless gene encodes a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. Members of this protein family contain seven putative transmembrane domains and may mediate signaling processes to the interior of the cell via activation of heterotrimeric G proteins. This protein may function in the central nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VSTM2L | V-set and transmembrane domain containing 2 like| |
| PF4V1 | platelet factor 4 variant 1| |
| SEC14L2 | SEC14-like 2 (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a cytosolic protein which belongs to a family of lipid-binding proteins including Sec14p, alpha-tocopherol transfer protein, and cellular retinol-binding protein. The encoded protein stimulates squalene monooxygenase which is a downstream enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| SEC14L1 | SEC14-like 1 (S. cerevisiae)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the SEC14 cytosolic factor family. It has similarity to yeast SEC14 and to Japanese flying squid RALBP which suggests a possible role of the gene product in an intracellular transport system. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene; some variants represent read-through transcripts that include exons from the upstream gene C17orf86. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| SEC14L4 | SEC14-like 4 (S. cerevisiae)|The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to the protein encoded by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEC14 gene. The SEC14 protein is a phophatidylinositol transfer protein that is essential for biogenesis of Golgi-derived transport vesicles, and thus is required for the export of yeast secretory proteins from the Golgi complex. The specific function of this protein has not yet been determined. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| C1orf43 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 43| |
| PTAFR | platelet-activating factor receptor|This gene encodes a seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor for platelet-activating factor (PAF) that localizes to lipid rafts and/or caveolae in the cell membrane. PAF (1-0-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine) is a phospholipid that plays a significant role in oncogenic transformation, tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and pro-inflammatory processes. Binding of PAF to the PAF-receptor (PAFR) stimulates numerous signal transduction pathways including phospholipase C, D, A2, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and the phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Following PAFR activation, cells become rapidly desensitized and this refractory state is dependent on PAFR phosphorylation, internalization, and down-regulation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| UPF2 | UPF2 regulator of nonsense transcripts homolog (yeast)|This gene encodes a protein that is part of a post-splicing multiprotein complex involved in both mRNA nuclear export and mRNA surveillance. mRNA surveillance detects exported mRNAs with truncated open reading frames and initiates nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). When translation ends upstream from the last exon-exon junction, this triggers NMD to degrade mRNAs containing premature stop codons. This protein is located in the perinuclear area. It interacts with translation release factors and the proteins that are functional homologs of yeast Upf1p and Upf3p. Two splice variants have been found for this gene; both variants encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SNED1 | sushi, nidogen and EGF-like domains 1| |
| IL1A | interleukin 1, alpha|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This cytokine is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in various immune responses, inflammatory processes, and hematopoiesis. This cytokine is produced by monocytes and macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed and released in response to cell injury, and thus induces apoptosis. This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. It has been suggested that the polymorphism of these genes is associated with rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IL1B | interleukin 1, beta|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This cytokine is produced by activated macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed to its active form by caspase 1 (CASP1/ICE). This cytokine is an important mediator of the inflammatory response, and is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2/COX2) by this cytokine in the central nervous system (CNS) is found to contribute to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| THSD7B | thrombospondin, type I, domain containing 7B| |
| PHTF2 | putative homeodomain transcription factor 2| |
| PHTF1 | putative homeodomain transcription factor 1| |
| THSD7A | thrombospondin, type I, domain containing 7A|The protein encoded by this gene is found almost exclusively in endothelial cells from placenta and umbilical cord. The encoded protein appears to interact with alpha(V)beta(3) integrin and paxillin to inhibit endothelial cell migration and tube formation. This protein may be involved in cytoskeletal organization. Variations in this gene may be associated with low bone mineral density in osteoporosis. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| RBM8A | RNA binding motif protein 8A|This gene encodes a protein with a conserved RNA-binding motif. The protein is found predominantly in the nucleus, although it is also present in the cytoplasm. It is preferentially associated with mRNAs produced by splicing, including both nuclear mRNAs and newly exported cytoplasmic mRNAs. It is thought that the protein remains associated with spliced mRNAs as a tag to indicate where introns had been present, thus coupling pre- and post-mRNA splicing events. Previously, it was thought that two genes encode this protein, RBM8A and RBM8B; it is now thought that the RBM8B locus is a pseudogene. There are two alternate translation start codons with this gene, which result in two forms of the protein. An allele mutation and a low-frequency noncoding single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in this gene cause thrombocytopenia-absent radius (TAR) syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| CASK | calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (MAGUK family)|This gene encodes a calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase. The encoded protein is a MAGUK (membrane-associated guanylate kinase) protein family member. These proteins are scaffold proteins and the encoded protein is located at synapses in the brain. Mutations in this gene are associated with FG syndrome 4, mental retardation and microcephaly with pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia, and a form of X-linked mental retardation. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| EHHADH | enoyl-CoA, hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase|The protein encoded by this gene is a bifunctional enzyme and is one of the four enzymes of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway. The N-terminal region of the encoded protein contains enoyl-CoA hydratase activity while the C-terminal region contains 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity. Defects in this gene are a cause of peroxisomal disorders such as Zellweger syndrome. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| CAST | calpastatin|The protein encoded by this gene is an endogenous calpain (calcium-dependent cysteine protease) inhibitor. It consists of an N-terminal domain L and four repetitive calpain-inhibition domains (domains 1-4), and it is involved in the proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein. The calpain/calpastatin system is involved in numerous membrane fusion events, such as neural vesicle exocytosis and platelet and red-cell aggregation. The encoded protein is also thought to affect the expression levels of genes encoding structural or regulatory proteins. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| WBP1L | WW domain binding protein 1-like| |
| KRT6B | keratin 6B, type II|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. As many as six of this type II cytokeratin (KRT6) have been identified; the multiplicity of the genes is attributed to successive gene duplication events. The genes are expressed with family members KRT16 and/or KRT17 in the filiform papillae of the tongue, the stratified epithelial lining of oral mucosa and esophagus, the outer root sheath of hair follicles, and the glandular epithelia. Mutations in these genes have been associated with pachyonychia congenita. The type II cytokeratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q12-q13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRT6C | keratin 6C, type II|Keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into epithelial keratins and hair keratins. The type II keratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| VCPIP1 | valosin containing protein (p97)/p47 complex interacting protein 1| |
| ARL3 | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 3|ADP-ribosylation factor-like 3 is a member of the ADP-ribosylation factor family of GTP-binding proteins. ARL3 binds guanine nucleotides but lacks ADP-ribosylation factor activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| THRAP3 | thyroid hormone receptor associated protein 3| |
| AMER1 | APC membrane recruitment protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene upregulates trancriptional activation by the Wilms tumor protein and interacts with many other proteins, including CTNNB1, APC, AXIN1, and AXIN2. Defects in this gene are a cause of osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis (OSCS). [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| COMT | catechol-O-methyltransferase|Catechol-O-methyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to catecholamines, including the neurotransmitters dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. This O-methylation results in one of the major degradative pathways of the catecholamine transmitters. In addition to its role in the metabolism of endogenous substances, COMT is important in the metabolism of catechol drugs used in the treatment of hypertension, asthma, and Parkinson disease. COMT is found in two forms in tissues, a soluble form (S-COMT) and a membrane-bound form (MB-COMT). The differences between S-COMT and MB-COMT reside within the N-termini. Several transcript variants are formed through the use of alternative translation initiation sites and promoters. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| WBP11 | WW domain binding protein 11|This gene encodes a nuclear protein, which colocalizes with mRNA splicing factors and intermediate filament-containing perinuclear networks. This protein has 95% amino acid sequence identity to the mouse Wbp11 protein. It contains two proline-rich regions that bind to the WW domain of Npw38, a nuclear protein, and thus this protein is also called Npw38-binding protein NpwBP. The Npw38-NpwBP complex may function as a component of an mRNA factory in the nucleus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZBTB9 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 9| |
| MCM2 | minichromosome maintenance complex component 2|The protein encoded by this gene is one of the highly conserved mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) that are involved in the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. The hexameric protein complex formed by MCM proteins is a key component of the pre-replication complex (pre_RC) and may be involved in the formation of replication forks and in the recruitment of other DNA replication related proteins. This protein forms a complex with MCM4, 6, and 7, and has been shown to regulate the helicase activity of the complex. This protein is phosphorylated, and thus regulated by, protein kinases CDC2 and CDC7. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been defined. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| ZC3HAV1L | zinc finger CCCH-type, antiviral 1-like| |
| ADAM23 | ADAM metallopeptidase domain 23|This gene encodes a member of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain) family. Members of this family are membrane-anchored proteins structurally related to snake venom disintegrins and have been implicated in a variety of biological processes involving cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, including fertilization, muscle development, and neurogenesis. It is reported that inactivation of this gene is associated with tumorigenesis in human cancers. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| ADAM22 | ADAM metallopeptidase domain 22|This gene encodes a member of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain) family. Members of this family are membrane-anchored proteins structurally related to snake venom disintegrins, and have been implicated in a variety of biological processes involving cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, including fertilization, muscle development, and neurogenesis. Unlike other members of the ADAM protein family, the protein encoded by this gene lacks metalloprotease activity since it has no zinc-binding motif. This gene is highly expressed in the brain and may function as an integrin ligand in the brain. In mice, it has been shown to be essential for correct myelination in the peripheral nervous system. Alternative splicing results in several transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| GLCE | glucuronic acid epimerase|Heparan sulfate (HS) is a negatively charged cell surface polysaccharide required for the biologic activities of circulating extracellular ligands. GLCE is responsible for epimerization of D-glucuronic acid (GlcA) to L-iduronic acid (IdoA) of HS, which endows the nascent polysaccharide chain with the ability to bind growth factors and cytokines (Ghiselli and Agrawal, 2005 [PubMed 15853773]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2008] |
| ARL6 | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ARF-like (ADP ribosylation factor-like) sub-family of the ARF family of GTP-binding proteins which are involved in regulation of intracellular traffic. Mutations in this gene are associated with Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. A vision-specific transcript encoding a different protein has been described (PMID: 20333246). [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| ADAM29 | ADAM metallopeptidase domain 29|This gene encodes a member of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain) family. Members of this family are membrane-anchored proteins structurally related to snake venom disintegrins, and have been implicated in a variety of biological processes involving cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, including fertilization, muscle development, and neurogenesis. The protein encoded by this gene is highly expressed in testis and may be involved in human spermatogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADAM28 | ADAM metallopeptidase domain 28|This gene encodes a member of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain) family. Members of this family are membrane-anchored proteins structurally related to snake venom disintegrins, and have been implicated in a variety of biological processes involving cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, including fertilization, muscle development, and neurogenesis. The protein encoded by this gene is a lymphocyte-expressed ADAM protein. This gene is present in a gene cluster with other members of the ADAM family on chromosome 8. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| TARDBP | TAR DNA binding protein|HIV-1, the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), contains an RNA genome that produces a chromosomally integrated DNA during the replicative cycle. Activation of HIV-1 gene expression by the transactivator Tat is dependent on an RNA regulatory element (TAR) located downstream of the transcription initiation site. The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional repressor that binds to chromosomally integrated TAR DNA and represses HIV-1 transcription. In addition, this protein regulates alternate splicing of the CFTR gene. A similar pseudogene is present on chromosome 20. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRKRIP1 | PRKR interacting protein 1 (IL11 inducible)| |
| IL19 | interleukin 19|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the IL10 cytokine subfamily. This cytokine is found to be preferentially expressed in monocytes. It can bind the IL20 receptor complex and lead to the activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). A similar cytokine in mouse is reported to up-regulate the expression of IL6 and TNF-alpha and induce apoptosis, which suggests a role of this cytokine in inflammatory responses. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AIF1L | allograft inflammatory factor 1-like| |
| IL10 | interleukin 10|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine produced primarily by monocytes and to a lesser extent by lymphocytes. This cytokine has pleiotropic effects in immunoregulation and inflammation. It down-regulates the expression of Th1 cytokines, MHC class II Ags, and costimulatory molecules on macrophages. It also enhances B cell survival, proliferation, and antibody production. This cytokine can block NF-kappa B activity, and is involved in the regulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Knockout studies in mice suggested the function of this cytokine as an essential immunoregulator in the intestinal tract. Mutations in this gene are associated with an increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and rheumatoid arthritis.[provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| IL11 | interleukin 11|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the gp130 family of cytokines. These cytokines drive the assembly of multisubunit receptor complexes, all of which contain at least one molecule of the transmembrane signaling receptor IL6ST (gp130). This cytokine is shown to stimulate the T-cell-dependent development of immunoglobulin-producing B cells. It is also found to support the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocyte progenitor cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| GSTM2 | glutathione S-transferase mu 2 (muscle)|Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-transferase that belongs to the mu class. The mu class of enzymes functions in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with glutathione. The genes encoding the mu class of enzymes are organized in a gene cluster on chromosome 1p13.3 and are known to be highly polymorphic. These genetic variations can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of certain drugs. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IL13 | interleukin 13|This gene encodes an immunoregulatory cytokine produced primarily by activated Th2 cells. This cytokine is involved in several stages of B-cell maturation and differentiation. It up-regulates CD23 and MHC class II expression, and promotes IgE isotype switching of B cells. This cytokine down-regulates macrophage activity, thereby inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This cytokine is found to be critical to the pathogenesis of allergen-induced asthma but operates through mechanisms independent of IgE and eosinophils. This gene, IL3, IL5, IL4, and CSF2 form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 5q, with this gene particularly close to IL4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GSTM4 | glutathione S-transferase mu 4|Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-transferase that belongs to the mu class. The mu class of enzymes functions in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with glutathione. The genes encoding the mu class of enzymes are organized in a gene cluster on chromosome 1p13.3 and are known to be highly polymorphic. These genetic variations can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of certain drugs. Diversification of these genes has occurred in regions encoding substrate-binding domains, as well as in tissue expression patterns, to accommodate an increasing number of foreign compounds. Multiple transcript variants, each encoding a distinct protein isoform, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GSTM5 | glutathione S-transferase mu 5|Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-transferase that belongs to the mu class. The mu class of enzymes functions in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with glutathione. The genes encoding the mu class of enzymes are organized in a gene cluster on chromosome 1p13.3 and are known to be highly polymorphic. These genetic variations can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of certain drugs. Diversification of these genes has occurred in regions encoding substrate-binding domains, as well as in tissue expression patterns, to accommodate an increasing number of foreign compounds. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CARD10 | caspase recruitment domain family, member 10|The caspase recruitment domain (CARD) is a protein module that consists of 6 or 7 antiparallel alpha helices. It participates in apoptosis signaling through highly specific protein-protein homophilic interactions. Like several other CARD proteins, CARD10 belongs to the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family and activates NF-kappa-B (NFKB; see MIM 164011) through BCL10 (MIM 603517) (Wang et al., 2001 [PubMed 11259443]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PALLD | palladin, cytoskeletal associated protein|This gene encodes a cytoskeletal protein that is required for organizing the actin cytoskeleton. The protein is a component of actin-containing microfilaments, and it is involved in the control of cell shape, adhesion, and contraction. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with a susceptibility to pancreatic cancer type 1, and also with a risk for myocardial infarction. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| PIP4K2C | phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase, type II, gamma| |
| KRT9 | keratin 9, type I|This gene encodes the type I keratin 9, an intermediate filament chain expressed only in the terminally differentiated epidermis of palms and soles. Mutations in this gene cause epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF251 | zinc finger protein 251| |
| EFHD2 | EF-hand domain family, member D2| |
| COLGALT1 | collagen beta(1-O)galactosyltransferase 1| |
| TTF2 | transcription termination factor, RNA polymerase II|This gene encodes a member of the SWI2/SNF2 family of proteins, which play a critical role in altering protein-DNA interactions. The encoded protein has been shown to have dsDNA-dependent ATPase activity and RNA polymerase II termination activity. This protein interacts with cell division cycle 5-like, associates with human splicing complexes, and plays a role in pre-mRNA splicing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| METTL21C | methyltransferase like 21C| |
| TTF1 | transcription termination factor, RNA polymerase I|This gene encodes a transcription termination factor that is localized to the nucleolus and plays a critical role in ribosomal gene transcription. The encoded protein mediates the termination of RNA polymerase I transcription by binding to Sal box terminator elements downstream of pre-rRNA coding regions. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. This gene shares the symbol/alias 'TFF1' with another gene, NK2 homeobox 1, also known as thyroid transcription factor 1, which plays a role in the regulation of thyroid-specific gene expression. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011] |
| PINX1 | PIN2/TERF1 interacting, telomerase inhibitor 1| |
| KRCC1 | lysine-rich coiled-coil 1| |
| AEBP1 | AE binding protein 1|This gene encodes a member of carboxypeptidase A protein family. The encoded protein may function as a transcriptional repressor and play a role in adipogenesis and smooth muscle cell differentiation. Studies in mice suggest that this gene functions in wound healing and abdominal wall development. Overexpression of this gene is associated with glioblastoma. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| GNAZ | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha z polypeptide|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a G protein subfamily that mediates signal transduction in pertussis toxin-insensitive systms. This encoded protein may play a role in maintaining the ionic balance of perilymphatic and endolymphatic cochlear fluids. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AEBP2 | AE binding protein 2| |
| NOXA1 | NADPH oxidase activator 1|This gene encodes a protein which activates NADPH oxidases, enzymes which catalyze a reaction generating reactive oxygen species. The encoded protein contains four N-terminal tetratricopeptide domains and a C-terminal Src homology 3 domain. Interaction between the encoded protein and proteins in the oxidase regulatory complex occur via the tetratricopeptide domains. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| DAD1 | defender against cell death 1|DAD1, the defender against apoptotic cell death, was initially identified as a negative regulator of programmed cell death in the temperature sensitive tsBN7 cell line. The DAD1 protein disappeared in temperature-sensitive cells following a shift to the nonpermissive temperature, suggesting that loss of the DAD1 protein triggered apoptosis. DAD1 is believed to be a tightly associated subunit of oligosaccharyltransferase both in the intact membrane and in the purified enzyme, thus reflecting the essential nature of N-linked glycosylation in eukaryotes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RCHY1 | ring finger and CHY zinc finger domain containing 1, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|The protein encoded by this gene has ubiquitin ligase activity. It mediates E3-dependent ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of target proteins, including tumor protein 53, histone deacetylase 1, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B, thus regulating their levels and cell cycle progression. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| GDF9 | growth differentiation factor 9|This gene encodes a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. The encoded preproprotein is processed into a secreted factor that is required for ovarian folliculogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| GDF3 | growth differentiation factor 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family and the TGF-beta superfamily. This group of proteins is characterized by a polybasic proteolytic processing site which is cleaved to produce a mature protein containing seven conserved cysteine residues. The members of this family are regulators of cell growth and differentiation in both embryonic and adult tissues. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CBR4 | carbonyl reductase 4| |
| GDF1 | growth differentiation factor 1|This gene encodes a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family and the TGF-beta superfamily. This group of proteins is characterized by a polybasic proteolytic processing site that is cleaved to produce a mature protein containing seven conserved cysteine residues. The members of this family are regulators of cell growth and differentiation in both embryonic and adult tissues. Studies in rodents suggest that this protein is involved in the establishment of left-right asymmetry in early embryogenesis and in neural development in later embryogenesis. This protein is transcribed from a bicistronic mRNA that also encodes the longevity assurance gene. Mutations in this gene are associated with several congenital cardiovascular malformations. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| GDF7 | growth differentiation factor 7|This gene encodes a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family. BMPs belong to the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of secreted signalling molecules that regulate diverse processes in growth, repair and embryonic development. In mouse, this gene functions as an inductive signal from the roof plate required for the specification of neuronal identity in the dorsal spinal cord. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GDF6 | growth differentiation factor 6|This gene encodes a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family and the TGF-beta superfamily of secreted signaling molecules. It is required for normal formation of some bones and joints in the limbs, skull, and axial skeleton. Mutations in this gene result in colobomata, which are congenital abnormalities in ocular development, and in Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS), which is a congenital disorder of spinal segmentation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GDF5 | growth differentiation factor 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family and the TGF-beta superfamily. This group of proteins is characterized by a polybasic proteolytic processing site which is cleaved to produce a mature protein containing seven conserved cysteine residues. The members of this family are regulators of cell growth and differentiation in both embryonic and adult tissues. Mutations in this gene are associated with acromesomelic dysplasia, Hunter-Thompson type; brachydactyly, type C; and chondrodysplasia, Grebe type. These associations confirm that the gene product plays a role in skeletal development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EIF4E2 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E family member 2| |
| GALNTL5 | polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-like 5| |
| DTYMK | deoxythymidylate kinase (thymidylate kinase)| |
| ANXA1 | annexin A1|This gene encodes a membrane-localized protein that binds phospholipids. This protein inhibits phospholipase A2 and has anti-inflammatory activity. Loss of function or expression of this gene has been detected in multiple tumors. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| CPT1C | carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C|This gene encodes a member of the carnitine/choline acetyltransferase family. The encoded protein regulates the beta-oxidation and transport of long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria, and may play a role in the regulation of feeding behavior and whole-body energy homeostasis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple protein isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| CPT1B | carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)|The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the carnitine/choline acetyltransferase family, is the rate-controlling enzyme of the long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway in muscle mitochondria. This enzyme is required for the net transport of long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, and read-through transcripts are expressed from the upstream locus that include exons from this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| ANXA5 | annexin A5|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the annexin family of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins some of which have been implicated in membrane-related events along exocytotic and endocytotic pathways. Annexin 5 is a phospholipase A2 and protein kinase C inhibitory protein with calcium channel activity and a potential role in cellular signal transduction, inflammation, growth and differentiation. Annexin 5 has also been described as placental anticoagulant protein I, vascular anticoagulant-alpha, endonexin II, lipocortin V, placental protein 4 and anchorin CII. The gene spans 29 kb containing 13 exons, and encodes a single transcript of approximately 1.6 kb and a protein product with a molecular weight of about 35 kDa. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANXA4 | annexin A4|Annexin IV (ANX4) belongs to the annexin family of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins. Although their functions are still not clearly defined, several members of the annexin family have been implicated in membrane-related events along exocytotic and endocytotic pathways. ANX4 has 45 to 59% identity with other members of its family and shares a similar size and exon-intron organization. Isolated from human placenta, ANX4 encodes a protein that has possible interactions with ATP, and has in vitro anticoagulant activity and also inhibits phospholipase A2 activity. ANX4 is almost exclusively expressed in epithelial cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANXA7 | annexin A7|Annexin VII is a member of the annexin family of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins.The Annexin VII gene contains 14 exons and spans approximately 34 kb of DNA. An alternatively spliced cassette exon results in two mRNA transcripts of 2.0 and 2.4 kb which are predicted to generate two protein isoforms differing in their N-terminal domain. The alternative splicing event is tissue specific and the mRNA containing the cassette exon is prevalent in brain, heart and skeletal muscle. The transcripts also differ in their 3'-non coding regions by the use of two alternative poly(A) signals. Annexin VII encodes a protein with a molecular weight of approximately 51 kDa with a unique, highly hydrophobic N-terminal domain of 167 amino acids and a conserved C-terminal region of 299 amino acids. The latter domain is composed of alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic segments. Structural analysis of the protein suggests that Annexin VII is a membrane binding protein with diverse properties, including voltage-sensitive calcium channel activity, ion selectivity and membrane fusion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANXA6 | annexin A6|Annexin VI belongs to a family of calcium-dependent membrane and phospholipid binding proteins. Several members of the annexin family have been implicated in membrane-related events along exocytotic and endocytotic pathways. The annexin VI gene is approximately 60 kbp long and contains 26 exons. It encodes a protein of about 68 kDa that consists of eight 68-amino acid repeats separated by linking sequences of variable lengths. It is highly similar to human annexins I and II sequences, each of which contain four such repeats. Annexin VI has been implicated in mediating the endosome aggregation and vesicle fusion in secreting epithelia during exocytosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| ANXA9 | annexin A9|The annexins are a family of calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins. Members of the annexin family contain 4 internal repeat domains, each of which includes a type II calcium-binding site. The calcium-binding sites are required for annexins to aggregate and cooperatively bind anionic phospholipids and extracellular matrix proteins. This gene encodes a divergent member of the annexin protein family in which all four homologous type II calcium-binding sites in the conserved tetrad core contain amino acid substitutions that ablate their function. However, structural analysis suggests that the conserved putative ion channel formed by the tetrad core is intact. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANXA8 | annexin A8|This gene encodes a member of the annexin family of evolutionarily conserved Ca2+ and phospholipid binding proteins. The encoded protein may function as an an anticoagulant that indirectly inhibits the thromboplastin-specific complex. Overexpression of this gene has been associated with acute myelocytic leukemia. A highly similar duplicated copy of this gene is found in close proximity on the long arm of chromosome 10. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MEST | mesoderm specific transcript|This gene encodes a member of the alpha/beta hydrolase superfamily. It is imprinted, exhibiting preferential expression from the paternal allele in fetal tissues, and isoform-specific imprinting in lymphocytes. The loss of imprinting of this gene has been linked to certain types of cancer and may be due to promotor switching. The encoded protein may play a role in development. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been identified for this gene. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on the short arm of chromosomes 3 and 4, and the long arm of chromosomes 6 and 15. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| MCM7 | minichromosome maintenance complex component 7|The protein encoded by this gene is one of the highly conserved mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) that are essential for the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. The hexameric protein complex formed by the MCM proteins is a key component of the pre-replication complex (pre_RC) and may be involved in the formation of replication forks and in the recruitment of other DNA replication related proteins. The MCM complex consisting of this protein and MCM2, 4 and 6 proteins possesses DNA helicase activity, and may act as a DNA unwinding enzyme. Cyclin D1-dependent kinase, CDK4, is found to associate with this protein, and may regulate the binding of this protein with the tumorsuppressor protein RB1/RB. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MCM6 | minichromosome maintenance complex component 6|The protein encoded by this gene is one of the highly conserved mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) that are essential for the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. The hexameric protein complex formed by the MCM proteins is a key component of the pre-replication complex (pre_RC) and may be involved in the formation of replication forks and in the recruitment of other DNA replication related proteins. The MCM complex consisting of this protein and MCM2, 4 and 7 proteins possesses DNA helicase activity, and may act as a DNA unwinding enzyme. The phosphorylation of the complex by CDC2 kinase reduces the helicase activity, suggesting a role in the regulation of DNA replication. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the intron regions of this gene are associated with differential transcriptional activation of the promoter of the neighboring lactase gene and, thereby, influence lactose intolerance in early adulthood. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| MCM5 | minichromosome maintenance complex component 5|The protein encoded by this gene is structurally very similar to the CDC46 protein from S. cerevisiae, a protein involved in the initiation of DNA replication. The encoded protein is a member of the MCM family of chromatin-binding proteins and can interact with at least two other members of this family. The encoded protein is upregulated in the transition from the G0 to G1/S phase of the cell cycle and may actively participate in cell cycle regulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UBASH3B | ubiquitin associated and SH3 domain containing B|This gene encodes a protein that contains a ubiquitin associated domain at the N-terminus, an SH3 domain, and a C-terminal domain with similarities to the catalytic motif of phosphoglycerate mutase. The encoded protein was found to inhibit endocytosis of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| POU5F1 | POU class 5 homeobox 1|This gene encodes a transcription factor containing a POU homeodomain that plays a key role in embryonic development and stem cell pluripotency. Aberrant expression of this gene in adult tissues is associated with tumorigenesis. This gene can participate in a translocation with the Ewing's sarcoma gene on chromosome 21, which also leads to tumor formation. Alternative splicing, as well as usage of alternative AUG and non-AUG translation initiation codons, results in multiple isoforms. One of the AUG start codons is polymorphic in human populations. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 1, 3, 8, 10, and 12. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2013] |
| DUSP18 | dual specificity phosphatase 18|Dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) constitute a large heterogeneous subgroup of the type I cysteine-based protein-tyrosine phosphatase superfamily. DUSPs are characterized by their ability to dephosphorylate both tyrosine and serine/threonine residues. They have been implicated as major modulators of critical signaling pathways. DUSP18 contains the consensus DUSP C-terminal catalytic domain but lacks the N-terminal CH2 domain found in the MKP (mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase) class of DUSPs (see MIM 600714) (summary by Patterson et al., 2009 [PubMed 19228121]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2009] |
| ZDHHC20 | zinc finger, DHHC-type containing 20| |
| DUSP14 | dual specificity phosphatase 14|Dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) constitute a large heterogeneous subgroup of the type I cysteine-based protein-tyrosine phosphatase superfamily. DUSPs are characterized by their ability to dephosphorylate both tyrosine and serine/threonine residues. They have been implicated as major modulators of critical signaling pathways. DUSP14 contains the consensus DUSP C-terminal catalytic domain but lacks the N-terminal CH2 domain found in the MKP (mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase) class of DUSPs (see MIM 600714) (summary by Patterson et al., 2009 [PubMed 19228121]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2009] |
| ZDHHC23 | zinc finger, DHHC-type containing 23| |
| DUSP11 | dual specificity phosphatase 11 (RNA/RNP complex 1-interacting)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein phosphatase subfamily. These phosphatases inactivate their target kinases by dephosphorylating both the phosphoserine/threonine and phosphotyrosine residues. They negatively regulate members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily (MAPK/ERK, SAPK/JNK, p38), which is associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation. Different members of the family of dual specificity phosphatases show distinct substrate specificities for various MAP kinases, different tissue distribution and subcellular localization, and different modes of inducibility of their expression by extracellular stimuli. This gene product is localized to the nucleus and binds directly to RNA and splicing factors, and thus it is suggested to participate in nuclear mRNA metabolism. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| DUSP10 | dual specificity phosphatase 10|Dual specificity protein phosphatases inactivate their target kinases by dephosphorylating both the phosphoserine/threonine and phosphotyrosine residues. They negatively regulate members of the MAP kinase superfamily, which is associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation. Different members of this family of dual specificity phosphatases show distinct substrate specificities for MAP kinases, different tissue distribution and subcellular localization, and different modes of expression induction by extracellular stimuli. This gene product binds to and inactivates p38 and SAPK/JNK. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| DUSP13 | dual specificity phosphatase 13|Members of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase superfamily cooperate with protein kinases to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. This superfamily is separated into two families based on the substrate that is dephosphorylated. One family, the dual specificity phosphatases (DSPs) acts on both phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine/threonine residues. This gene encodes different but related DSP proteins through the use of non-overlapping open reading frames, alternate splicing, and presumed different transcription promoters. Expression of the distinct proteins from this gene has been found to be tissue specific and the proteins may be involved in postnatal development of specific tissues. A protein encoded by the upstream ORF was found in skeletal muscle, whereas the encoded protein from the downstream ORF was found only in testis. In mouse, a similar pattern of expression was found. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants were described, but the full-length sequence of only some were determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MCM8 | minichromosome maintenance complex component 8|The protein encoded by this gene is one of the highly conserved mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) that are essential for the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. The hexameric protein complex formed by the mini-chromosome maintenance proteins is a key component of the pre-replication complex and may be involved in the formation of replication forks and in the recruitment of other DNA replication related proteins. This protein contains the central domain that is conserved among the mini-chromosome maintenance proteins. The encoded protein may interact with other mini-chromosome maintenance proteins and play a role in DNA replication. This gene may be associated with length of reproductive lifespan and menopause. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| SQSTM1 | sequestosome 1|This gene encodes a multifunctional protein that binds ubiquitin and regulates activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) signaling pathway. The protein functions as a scaffolding/adaptor protein in concert with TNF receptor-associated factor 6 to mediate activation of NF-kB in response to upstream signals. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding either the same or different isoforms have been identified for this gene. Mutations in this gene result in sporadic and familial Paget disease of bone. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| CSH2 | chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family of hormones and plays an important role in growth control. The gene is located at the growth hormone locus on chromosome 17 along with four other related genes in the same transcriptional orientation; an arrangement which is thought to have evolved by a series of gene duplications. Although the five genes share a remarkably high degree of sequence identity, they are expressed selectively in different tissues. Alternative splicing generates additional isoforms of each of the five growth hormones. This particular family member is expressed mainly in the placenta and utilizes multiple transcription initiation sites. Expression of the identical mature proteins for chorionic somatomammotropin hormones 1 and 2 is upregulated during development, while the ratio of 1 to 2 increases by term. Structural and expression differences provide avenues for developmental regulation and tissue specificity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CSH1 | chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 1 (placental lactogen)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family of hormones and plays an important role in growth control. The gene is located at the growth hormone locus on chromosome 17 along with four other related genes in the same transcriptional orientation; an arrangement which is thought to have evolved by a series of gene duplications. Although the five genes share a remarkably high degree of sequence identity, they are expressed selectively in different tissues. Alternative splicing generates additional isoforms of each of the five growth hormones, leading to further diversity and potential for specialization. This particular family member is expressed mainly in the placenta and utilizes multiple transcription initiation sites. Expression of the identical mature proteins for chorionic somatomammotropin hormones 1 and 2 is upregulated during development, although the ratio of 1 to 2 increases by term. Mutations in this gene result in placental lactogen deficiency and Silver-Russell syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EPC2 | enhancer of polycomb homolog 2 (Drosophila)| |
| EPC1 | enhancer of polycomb homolog 1 (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a member of the polycomb group (PcG) family. The encoded protein is a component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex and can act as both a transcriptional activator and repressor. The encoded protein has been linked to apoptosis, DNA repair, skeletal muscle differentiation, gene silencing, and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| C3orf20 | chromosome 3 open reading frame 20| |
| HSPB11 | heat shock protein family B (small), member 11| |
| OPRD1 | opioid receptor, delta 1| |
| WNT9A | wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 9A|The WNT gene family consists of structurally related genes that encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. This gene is a member of the WNT gene family. It is expressed in gastric cancer cell lines. The protein encoded by this gene shows 75% amino acid identity to chicken Wnt14, which has been shown to play a central role in initiating synovial joint formation in the chick limb. This gene is clustered with another family member, WNT3A, in the chromosome 1q42 region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EMX2 | empty spiracles homeobox 2|This gene encodes a homeobox-containing transcription factor that is the homolog to the 'empty spiracles' gene in Drosophila. Research on this gene in humans has focused on its expression in three tissues: dorsal telencephalon, olfactory neuroepithelium, and urogenetial system. It is expressed in the dorsal telencephalon during development in a low rostral-lateral to high caudal-medial gradient and is proposed to pattern the neocortex into defined functional areas. It is also expressed in embryonic and adult olfactory neuroepithelia where it complexes with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and possibly regulates mRNA transport or translation. In the developing urogenital system, it is expressed in epithelial tissues and is negatively regulated by HOXA10. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct proteins.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| AGFG1 | ArfGAP with FG repeats 1|The protein encoded by this gene is related to nucleoporins, a class of proteins that mediate nucleocytoplasmic transport. The encoded protein binds the activation domain of the human immunodeficiency virus Rev protein when Rev is assembled onto its RNA target, and is required for the nuclear export of Rev-directed RNAs. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| M6PR | mannose-6-phosphate receptor (cation dependent)|This gene encodes a member of the P-type lectin family. P-type lectins play a critical role in lysosome function through the specific transport of mannose-6-phosphate-containing acid hydrolases from the Golgi complex to lysosomes. The encoded protein functions as a homodimer and requires divalent cations for ligand binding. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| SSX5 | synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint 5|The product of this gene belongs to the family of highly homologous synovial sarcoma X (SSX) breakpoint proteins. These proteins may function as transcriptional repressors. They are also capable of eliciting spontaneous humoral and cellular immune responses in cancer patients, and are potentially useful targets in cancer vaccine-based immunotherapy. While some of the related SSX genes are involved in t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2) translocations that are characteristically found in all synovial sarcomas, this gene does not appear to be involved in such translocations. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| SSX2 | synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint 2|The product of this gene belongs to the family of highly homologous synovial sarcoma X (SSX) breakpoint proteins. These proteins may function as transcriptional repressors. They are also capable of eliciting spontaneous humoral and cellular immune responses in cancer patients, and are potentially useful targets in cancer vaccine-based immunotherapy. This gene, and also the SSX1 and SSX4 family members, have been involved in t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2) translocations that are characteristically found in all synovial sarcomas. This translocation results in the fusion of the synovial sarcoma translocation gene on chromosome 18 to one of the SSX genes on chromosome X. The encoded hybrid proteins are likely responsible for transforming activity. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. This gene also has an identical duplicate, GeneID: 727837, located about 45 kb downstream in the opposite orientation on chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| SSX3 | synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint 3|The product of this gene belongs to the family of highly homologous synovial sarcoma X (SSX) breakpoint proteins. These proteins may function as transcriptional repressors. They are also capable of eliciting spontaneous humoral and cellular immune responses in cancer patients, and are potentially useful targets in cancer vaccine-based immunotherapy. While some of the related SSX genes are involved in t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2) translocations that are characteristically found in all synovial sarcomas, this gene does not appear to be involved in such translocations. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| USH2A | Usher syndrome 2A (autosomal recessive, mild)|This gene encodes a protein that contains laminin EGF motifs, a pentaxin domain, and many fibronectin type III motifs. The protein is found in the basement membrane, and may be important in development and homeostasis of the inner ear and retina. Mutations within this gene have been associated with Usher syndrome type IIa and retinitis pigmentosa. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| SSX1 | synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint 1|The product of this gene belongs to the family of highly homologous synovial sarcoma X (SSX) breakpoint proteins. These proteins may function as transcriptional repressors. They are also capable of eliciting spontaneous humoral and cellular immune responses in cancer patients, and are potentially useful targets in cancer vaccine-based immunotherapy. This gene, and also the SSX2 and SSX4 family members, have been involved in t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2) translocations that are characteristically found in all synovial sarcomas. This translocation results in the fusion of the synovial sarcoma translocation gene on chromosome 18 to one of the SSX genes on chromosome X. The encoded hybrid proteins are likely responsible for transforming activity. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| ISL1 | ISL LIM homeobox 1|This gene encodes a member of the LIM/homeodomain family of transcription factors. The encoded protein binds to the enhancer region of the insulin gene, among others, and may play an important role in regulating insulin gene expression. The encoded protein is central to the development of pancreatic cell lineages and may also be required for motor neuron generation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ISL2 | ISL LIM homeobox 2| |
| MRGBP | MRG/MORF4L binding protein| |
| PKMYT1 | protein kinase, membrane associated tyrosine/threonine 1|This gene encodes a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. The encoded protein is a membrane-associated kinase that negatively regulates the G2/M transition of the cell cycle by phosphorylating and inactivating cyclin-dependent kinase 1. The activity of the encoded protein is regulated by polo-like kinase 1. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| PIBF1 | progesterone immunomodulatory binding factor 1| |
| MROH8 | maestro heat-like repeat family member 8|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the maestro heat-like repeat family. The exact function of this gene is not known, however, in a genome-wide association study using hippocampal atrophy as a quantitative trait, this gene has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (PMID:19668339). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| KIFAP3 | kinesin-associated protein 3|The small G protein GDP dissociation stimulator (smg GDS) is a regulator protein having two activities on a group of small G proteins including the Rho and Rap1 family members and Ki-Ras; one is to stimulate their GDP/GTP exchange reactions, and the other is to inhibit their interactions with membranes. The protein encoded by this gene contains 9 'Armadillo' repeats and interacts with the smg GDS protein through these repeats. This protein, which is highly concentrated around the endoplasmic reticulum, is phosphorylated by v-src, and this phosphorylation reduces the affinity of the protein for smg GDS. It is thought that this protein serves as a linker between human chromosome-associated polypeptide (HCAP) and KIF3A/B, a kinesin superfamily protein in the nucleus, and that it plays a role in the interaction of chromosomes with an ATPase motor protein. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| CYP4Z2P | cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily Z, polypeptide 2, pseudogene| |
| MROH5 | maestro heat-like repeat family member 5| |
| MS4A7 | membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 7|This gene encodes a member of the membrane-spanning 4A gene family, members of which are characterized by common structural features and similar intron/exon splice boundaries and display unique expression patterns in hematopoietic cells and nonlymphoid tissues. This family member is associated with mature cellular function in the monocytic lineage, and it may be a component of a receptor complex involved in signal transduction. This gene is localized to 11q12, in a cluster of other family members. At least four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding two distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MROH6 | maestro heat-like repeat family member 6| |
| MS4A2 | membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 2|The allergic response involves the binding of allergen to receptor-bound IgE followed by cell activation and the release of mediators responsible for the manifestations of allergy. The IgE-receptor, a tetramer composed of an alpha, beta, and 2 disulfide-linked gamma chains, is found on the surface of mast cells and basophils. This gene encodes the beta subunit of the high affinity IgE receptor which is a member of the membrane-spanning 4A gene family. Members of this nascent protein family are characterized by common structural features and similar intron/exon splice boundaries and display unique expression patterns among hematopoietic cells and nonlymphoid tissues. This family member is localized to 11q12, among a cluster of membrane-spanning 4A gene family members. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct proteins. Additional transcript variants have been described but require experimental validation. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| MS4A3 | membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 3 (hematopoietic cell-specific)|This gene encodes a member of the membrane-spanning 4A gene family. Members of this protein family are characterized by common structural features and similar intron/exon splice boundaries and display unique expression patterns among hematopoietic cells and nonlymphoid tissues. This family member likely plays a role in signal transduction and may function as a subunit associated with receptor complexes. The gene encoding this protein is localized to 11q12, among a cluster of related family members. Alternative splicing may result in multiple transcript variants; however, not all variants have been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MS4A1 | membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 1|This gene encodes a member of the membrane-spanning 4A gene family. Members of this nascent protein family are characterized by common structural features and similar intron/exon splice boundaries and display unique expression patterns among hematopoietic cells and nonlymphoid tissues. This gene encodes a B-lymphocyte surface molecule which plays a role in the development and differentiation of B-cells into plasma cells. This family member is localized to 11q12, among a cluster of family members. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants which encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF141 | zinc finger protein 141| |
| ZNF140 | zinc finger protein 140| |
| ZNF143 | zinc finger protein 143| |
| ZNF142 | zinc finger protein 142|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Kruppel family of C2H2-type zinc finger proteins. It contains 31 C2H2-type zinc fingers and may be involved in transcriptional regulation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| LGSN | lengsin, lens protein with glutamine synthetase domain|This gene encodes a protein with similarity to the GS I members of the glutamine synthetase superfamily. The encoded protein is referred to as a pseudo-glutamine synthetase because it has no glutamine synthesis activity and may function as a chaperone protein. This protein is localized to the lens and may be associated with cataract disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| LPAR4 | lysophosphatidic acid receptor 4|This gene encodes a member of the lysophosphatidic acid receptor family. It may also be related to the P2Y receptors, a family of receptors that bind purine and pyrimidine nucleotides and are coupled to G proteins. The encoded protein may play a role in monocytic differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| BCS1L | BC1 (ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase) synthesis-like|This gene encodes a homolog of the S. cerevisiae bcs1 protein which is involved in the assembly of complex III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The encoded protein does not contain a mitochondrial targeting sequence but experimental studies confirm that it is imported into mitochondria. Mutations in this gene are associated with mitochondrial complex III deficiency and the GRACILE syndrome. Five alternatively spliced transcripts encoding the same protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| ZNF146 | zinc finger protein 146| |
| ZNF148 | zinc finger protein 148| |
| CPT2 | carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear protein which is transported to the mitochondrial inner membrane. Together with carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, the encoded protein oxidizes long-chain fatty acids in the mitochondria. Defects in this gene are associated with mitochondrial long-chain fatty-acid (LCFA) oxidation disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DSC2 | desmocollin 2|This gene encodes a member of the desmocollin protein subfamily. Desmocollins, along with desmogleins, are cadherin-like transmembrane glycoproteins that are major components of the desmosome. Desmosomes are cell-cell junctions that help resist shearing forces and are found in high concentrations in cells subject to mechanical stress. This gene is found in a cluster with other desmocollin family members on chromosome 18. Mutations in this gene are associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia-11, and reduced protein expression has been described in several types of cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| DSC3 | desmocollin 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a calcium-dependent glycoprotein that is a member of the desmocollin subfamily of the cadherin superfamily. These desmosomal family members, along with the desmogleins, are found primarily in epithelial cells where they constitute the adhesive proteins of the desmosome cell-cell junction and are required for cell adhesion and desmosome formation. The desmosomal family members are arranged in two clusters on chromosome 18, occupying less than 650 kb combined. Mutations in this gene are a cause of hypotrichosis and recurrent skin vesicles disorder. The protein can act as an autoantigen in pemphigus diseases, and it is also considered to be a biomarker for some cancers. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| DSC1 | desmocollin 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a calcium-dependent glycoprotein that is a member of the desmocollin subfamily of the cadherin superfamily. These desmosomal family members, along with the desmogleins, are found primarily in epithelial cells where they constitute the adhesive proteins of the desmosome cell-cell junction and are required for cell adhesion and desmosome formation. The desmosomal family members are arranged in two clusters on chromosome 18, occupying less than 650 kb combined. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PYGB | phosphorylase, glycogen; brain|The protein encoded by this gene is a glycogen phosphorylase found predominantly in the brain. The encoded protein forms homodimers which can associate into homotetramers, the enzymatically active form of glycogen phosphorylase. The activity of this enzyme is positively regulated by AMP and negatively regulated by ATP, ADP, and glucose-6-phosphate. This enzyme catalyzes the rate-determining step in glycogen degradation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COX8A | cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIIA (ubiquitous)|The protein encoded by this gene is the terminal enzyme of the respiratory chain, coupling the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen, with the concomitant production of a proton electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. In addition to 3 mitochondrially encoded subunits, which perform the catalytic function, the eukaryotic enzyme contains nuclear-encoded smaller subunits, ranging in number from 4 in some organisms to 10 in mammals. It has been proposed that nuclear-encoded subunits may be involved in the modulation of the catalytic function. This gene encodes one of the nuclear-encoded subunits. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PYGL | phosphorylase, glycogen, liver|This gene encodes a homodimeric protein that catalyses the cleavage of alpha-1,4-glucosidic bonds to release glucose-1-phosphate from liver glycogen stores. This protein switches from inactive phosphorylase B to active phosphorylase A by phosphorylation of serine residue 15. Activity of this enzyme is further regulated by multiple allosteric effectors and hormonal controls. Humans have three glycogen phosphorylase genes that encode distinct isozymes that are primarily expressed in liver, brain and muscle, respectively. The liver isozyme serves the glycemic demands of the body in general while the brain and muscle isozymes supply just those tissues. In glycogen storage disease type VI, also known as Hers disease, mutations in liver glycogen phosphorylase inhibit the conversion of glycogen to glucose and results in moderate hypoglycemia, mild ketosis, growth retardation and hepatomegaly. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| MAGOH | mago-nashi homolog, proliferation-associated (Drosophila)|Drosophila that have mutations in their mago nashi (grandchildless) gene produce progeny with defects in germplasm assembly and germline development. This gene encodes the mammalian mago nashi homolog. In mammals, mRNA expression is not limited to the germ plasm, but is expressed ubiquitously in adult tissues and can be induced by serum stimulation of quiescent fibroblasts. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PFAS | phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase|Purines are necessary for many cellular processes, including DNA replication, transcription, and energy metabolism. Ten enzymatic steps are required to synthesize inosine monophosphate (IMP) in the de novo pathway of purine biosynthesis. The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes the fourth step of IMP biosynthesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCTD5 | potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 5| |
| DDX3X | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box helicase 3, X-linked|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the large DEAD-box protein family, that is defined by the presence of the conserved Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD) motif, and has ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity. This protein has been reported to display a high level of RNA-independent ATPase activity, and unlike most DEAD-box helicases, the ATPase activity is thought to be stimulated by both RNA and DNA. This protein has multiple conserved domains and is thought to play roles in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Nuclear roles include transcriptional regulation, mRNP assembly, pre-mRNA splicing, and mRNA export. In the cytoplasm, this protein is thought to be involved in translation, cellular signaling, and viral replication. Misregulation of this gene has been implicated in tumorigenesis. This gene has a paralog located in the nonrecombining region of the Y chromosome. Pseudogenes sharing similarity to both this gene and the DDX3Y paralog are found on chromosome 4 and the X chromosome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| C20orf27 | chromosome 20 open reading frame 27| |
| C20orf24 | chromosome 20 open reading frame 24| |
| SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble|The protein encoded by this gene binds copper and zinc ions and is one of two isozymes responsible for destroying free superoxide radicals in the body. The encoded isozyme is a soluble cytoplasmic protein, acting as a homodimer to convert naturally-occuring but harmful superoxide radicals to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The other isozyme is a mitochondrial protein. Mutations in this gene have been implicated as causes of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Rare transcript variants have been reported for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VWA7 | von Willebrand factor A domain containing 7| |
| TMF1 | TATA element modulatory factor 1| |
| TANC1 | tetratricopeptide repeat, ankyrin repeat and coiled-coil containing 1| |
| RANGAP1 | Ran GTPase activating protein 1|This gene encodes a protein that associates with the nuclear pore complex and participates in the regulation of nuclear transport. The encoded protein interacts with Ras-related nuclear protein 1 (RAN) and regulates guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding and exchange. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| FCGBP | Fc fragment of IgG binding protein| |
| BAMBI | BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor|This gene encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein related to the type I receptors of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family, whose members play important roles in signal transduction in many developmental and pathological processes. The encoded protein however is a pseudoreceptor, lacking an intracellular serine/threonine kinase domain required for signaling. Similar proteins in frog, mouse and zebrafish function as negative regulators of TGF-beta, which has led to the suggestion that the encoded protein may function to limit the signaling range of the TGF-beta family during early embryogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNN4 | potassium channel, calcium activated intermediate/small conductance subfamily N alpha, member 4|The protein encoded by this gene is part of a potentially heterotetrameric voltage-independent potassium channel that is activated by intracellular calcium. Activation is followed by membrane hyperpolarization, which promotes calcium influx. The encoded protein may be part of the predominant calcium-activated potassium channel in T-lymphocytes. This gene is similar to other KCNN family potassium channel genes, but it differs enough to possibly be considered as part of a new subfamily. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNN3 | potassium channel, calcium activated intermediate/small conductance subfamily N alpha, member 3|Action potentials in vertebrate neurons are followed by an afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that may persist for several seconds and may have profound consequences for the firing pattern of the neuron. Each component of the AHP is kinetically distinct and is mediated by different calcium-activated potassium channels. This gene belongs to the KCNN family of potassium channels. It encodes an integral membrane protein that forms a voltage-independent calcium-activated channel, which is thought to regulate neuronal excitability by contributing to the slow component of synaptic AHP. This gene contains two CAG repeat regions in the coding sequence. It was thought that expansion of one or both of these repeats could lead to an increased susceptibility to schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, but studies indicate that this is probably not the case. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| KCNN2 | potassium channel, calcium activated intermediate/small conductance subfamily N alpha, member 2|Action potentials in vertebrate neurons are followed by an afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that may persist for several seconds and may have profound consequences for the firing pattern of the neuron. Each component of the AHP is kinetically distinct and is mediated by different calcium-activated potassium channels. The protein encoded by this gene is activated before membrane hyperpolarization and is thought to regulate neuronal excitability by contributing to the slow component of synaptic AHP. This gene is a member of the KCNN family of potassium channel genes. The encoded protein is an integral membrane protein that forms a voltage-independent calcium-activated channel with three other calmodulin-binding subunits. Alternate splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| KCNN1 | potassium channel, calcium activated intermediate/small conductance subfamily N alpha, member 1|Action potentials in vertebrate neurons are followed by an afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that may persist for several seconds and may have profound consequences for the firing pattern of the neuron. Each component of the AHP is kinetically distinct and is mediated by different calcium-activated potassium channels. The protein encoded by this gene is activated before membrane hyperpolarization and is thought to regulate neuronal excitability by contributing to the slow component of synaptic AHP. The encoded protein is an integral membrane protein that forms a voltage-independent calcium-activated channel with three other calmodulin-binding subunits. This gene is a member of the KCNN family of potassium channel genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TG | thyroglobulin|Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a glycoprotein homodimer produced predominantly by the thryroid gland. It acts as a substrate for the synthesis of thyroxine and triiodothyronine as well as the storage of the inactive forms of thyroid hormone and iodine. Thyroglobulin is secreted from the endoplasmic reticulum to its site of iodination, and subsequent thyroxine biosynthesis, in the follicular lumen. Mutations in this gene cause thyroid dyshormonogenesis, manifested as goiter, and are associated with moderate to severe congenital hypothyroidism. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) such as Graves disease and Hashimoto thryoiditis. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| PMS1 | PMS1 postmeiotic segregation increased 1 (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the DNA mismatch repair mutL/hexB family. This protein is thought to be involved in the repair of DNA mismatches, and it can form heterodimers with MLH1, a known DNA mismatch repair protein. Mutations in this gene cause hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer type 3 (HNPCC3) either alone or in combination with mutations in other genes involved in the HNPCC phenotype, which is also known as Lynch syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PMS2 | PMS2 postmeiotic segregation increased 2 (S. cerevisiae)|This gene is one of the PMS2 gene family members found in clusters on chromosome 7. The product of this gene is involved in DNA mismatch repair. It forms a heterodimer with MLH1 and this complex interacts with other complexes bound to mismatched bases. Mutations in this gene are associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, Turcot syndrome, and are a cause of supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATXN7L3B | ataxin 7-like 3B| |
| HNRNPLL | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L-like|HNRNPLL is a master regulator of activation-induced alternative splicing in T cells. In particular, it alters splicing of CD45 (PTPRC; MIM 151460), a tyrosine phosphatase essential for T-cell development and activation (Oberdoerffer et al., 2008 [PubMed 18669861]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2008] |
| SLC22A2 | solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 2|Polyspecific organic cation transporters in the liver, kidney, intestine, and other organs are critical for elimination of many endogenous small organic cations as well as a wide array of drugs and environmental toxins. This gene is one of three similar cation transporter genes located in a cluster on chromosome 6. The encoded protein contains twelve putative transmembrane domains and is a plasma integral membrane protein. It is found primarily in the kidney, where it may mediate the first step in cation reabsorption. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SNRPA1 | small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide A'| |
| BAALC | brain and acute leukemia, cytoplasmic|This gene was identified by gene expression studies in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The gene is conserved among mammals and is not found in lower organisms. Tissues that express this gene develop from the neuroectoderm. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different proteins have been described for this gene; however, some of the transcript variants are found only in AML cell lines. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PKIG | protein kinase (cAMP-dependent, catalytic) inhibitor gamma|This gene encodes a member of the protein kinase inhibitor family. Studies of a similar protein in mice suggest that this protein acts as a potent competitive cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor, and is a predominant form of inhibitor in various tissues. The encoded protein may be involved in osteogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| MST1R | macrophage stimulating 1 receptor|This gene encodes a cell surface receptor for macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP) with tyrosine kinase activity. The mature form of this protein is a heterodimer of disulfide-linked alpha and beta subunits, generated by proteolytic cleavage of a single-chain precursor. The beta subunit undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation upon stimulation by MSP. This protein is expressed on the ciliated epithelia of the mucociliary transport apparatus of the lung, and together with MSP, thought to be involved in host defense. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms with different structural and biochemical properties have been described (PMID:8816464). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| PKIA | protein kinase (cAMP-dependent, catalytic) inhibitor alpha|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor family. This protein was demonstrated to interact with and inhibit the activities of both C alpha and C beta catalytic subunits of the PKA. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PKIB | protein kinase (cAMP-dependent, catalytic) inhibitor beta|This gene encodes a member of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor family. The encoded protein may play a role in the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway by interacting with the catalytic subunit of PKA, and overexpression of this gene may play a role in prostate cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| HUNK | hormonally up-regulated Neu-associated kinase| |
| PARD3B | par-3 family cell polarity regulator beta| |
| GRIP1 | glutamate receptor interacting protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the glutamate receptor interacting protein family. The encoded scaffold protein binds to and mediates the trafficking and membrane organization of a number of transmembrane proteins. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| UPF1 | UPF1 regulator of nonsense transcripts homolog (yeast)|This gene encodes a protein that is part of a post-splicing multiprotein complex involved in both mRNA nuclear export and mRNA surveillance. mRNA surveillance detects exported mRNAs with truncated open reading frames and initiates nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). When translation ends upstream from the last exon-exon junction, this triggers NMD to degrade mRNAs containing premature stop codons. This protein is located only in the cytoplasm. When translation ends, it interacts with the protein that is a functional homolog of yeast Upf2p to trigger mRNA decapping. Use of multiple polyadenylation sites has been noted for this gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| GRIP2 | glutamate receptor interacting protein 2| |
| SLC19A2 | solute carrier family 19 (thiamine transporter), member 2|This gene encodes the thiamin transporter protein. Mutations in this gene cause thiamin-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome (TRMA), which is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by diabetes mellitus, megaloblastic anemia and sensorineural deafness. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC19A3 | solute carrier family 19 (thiamine transporter), member 3|This gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane thiamine transporter that lacks folate transport activity. Mutations in this gene cause biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease (BBGD); a recessive disorder manifested in childhood that progresses to chronic encephalopathy, dystonia, quadriparesis, and death if untreated. Patients with BBGD have bilateral necrosis in the head of the caudate nucleus and in the putamen. Administration of high doses of biotin in the early progression of the disorder eliminates pathological symptoms while delayed treatment results in residual paraparesis, mild mental retardation, or dystonia. Administration of thiamine is ineffective in the treatment of this disorder. Experiments have failed to show that this protein can transport biotin. Mutations in this gene also cause a Wernicke's-like encephalopathy.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| SLC19A1 | solute carrier family 19 (folate transporter), member 1|The membrane protein encoded by this gene is a transporter of folate and is involved in the regulation of intracellular concentrations of folate. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| NIT2 | nitrilase family, member 2| |
| NIT1 | nitrilase 1|This gene encodes a member of the nitrilase protein family with homology to bacterial and plant nitrilases, enzymes that cleave nitriles and organic amides to the corresponding carboxylic acids plus ammonia. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| CCDC66 | coiled-coil domain containing 66| |
| CCDC60 | coiled-coil domain containing 60| |
| FOXK1 | forkhead box K1| |
| RAX2 | retina and anterior neural fold homeobox 2|This gene encodes a homeodomain-containing protein that plays a role in eye development. Mutation of this gene causes age-related macular degeneration type 6, an eye disorder resulting in accumulations of protein and lipid beneath the retinal pigment epithelium and within the Bruch's membrane. Defects in this gene can also cause cone-rod dystrophy type 11, a disease characterized by the initial degeneration of cone photoreceptor cells and resulting in loss of color vision and visual acuity, followed by the degeneration of rod photoreceptor cells, which progresses to night blindness and the loss of peripheral vision. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TYSND1 | trypsin domain containing 1|This gene encodes a protease that removes the N-terminal peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS2) from proteins produced in the cytosol, thereby facilitating their import into the peroxisome. The encoded protein is also capable of removing the C-terminal peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS1) from proteins in the peroxisomal matrix. The full-length protein undergoes self-cleavage to produce shorter, potentially inactive, peptides. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| CCDC69 | coiled-coil domain containing 69| |
| DPY19L2 | dpy-19-like 2 (C. elegans)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the dpy-19 family. It is highly expressed in testis, and is required for sperm head elongation and acrosome formation during spermatogenesis. Mutations in this gene are associated with an infertility disorder, spermatogenic failure type 9 (SPGF9). [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| ANKRD36BP1 | ankyrin repeat domain 36B pseudogene 1| |
| IGFLR1 | IGF-like family receptor 1| |
| EP400 | E1A binding protein p400| |
| RPAP2 | RNA polymerase II associated protein 2| |
| TMEM110 | transmembrane protein 110| |
| PIM2 | Pim-2 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase|This gene encodes a protooncogene that acts as a serine/threonine protein kinase. Studies determined the encoded protein functions to prevent apoptosis and to promote cell survival.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| TMEM115 | transmembrane protein 115| |
| TMEM116 | transmembrane protein 116| |
| NAGS | N-acetylglutamate synthase|The N-acetylglutamate synthase gene encodes a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the formation of N-acetylglutamate (NAG) from glutamate and acetyl coenzyme-A. NAG is a cofactor of carbamyl phosphate synthetase I (CPSI), the first enzyme of the urea cycle in mammals. This gene may regulate ureagenesis by altering NAG availability and, thereby, CPSI activity. Deficiencies in N-acetylglutamate synthase have been associated with hyperammonemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CRYGC | crystallin, gamma C|This gene encodes a member of the beta/gamma-crystallin family of proteins. Crystallins constitute the major proteins of vertebrate eye lens and maintain the transparency and refractive index of the lens. This gene and several family members are present in a gene cluster on chromosome 2. Mutations in this gene have been shown to cause multiple types of cataract, including Coppock-like cataract and zonular pulverulent cataract, among others. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| KANSL1L | KAT8 regulatory NSL complex subunit 1-like| |
| CRYGD | crystallin, gamma D|Crystallins are separated into two classes: taxon-specific, or enzyme, and ubiquitous. The latter class constitutes the major proteins of vertebrate eye lens and maintains the transparency and refractive index of the lens. Since lens central fiber cells lose their nuclei during development, these crystallins are made and then retained throughout life, making them extremely stable proteins. Mammalian lens crystallins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma families; beta and gamma crystallins are also considered as a superfamily. Alpha and beta families are further divided into acidic and basic groups. Seven protein regions exist in crystallins: four homologous motifs, a connecting peptide, and N- and C-terminal extensions. Gamma-crystallins are a homogeneous group of highly symmetrical, monomeric proteins typically lacking connecting peptides and terminal extensions. They are differentially regulated after early development. Four gamma-crystallin genes (gamma-A through gamma-D) and three pseudogenes (gamma-E, gamma-F, gamma-G) are tandemly organized in a genomic segment as a gene cluster. Whether due to aging or mutations in specific genes, gamma-crystallins have been involved in cataract formation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TNR | tenascin R|This gene encodes a member of the tenascin family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins. The encoded protein is restricted to the central nervous system. The protein may play a role in neurite outgrowth, neural cell adhesion and modulation of sodium channel function. It is a constituent of perineuronal nets. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| CDON | cell adhesion associated, oncogene regulated|This gene encodes a cell surface receptor that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein contains three fibronectin type III domains and five immunoglobulin-like C2-type domains. This protein is a member of a cell-surface receptor complex that mediates cell-cell interactions between muscle precursor cells and positively regulates myogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| TAF13 | TAF13 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 18kDa|Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the activities of more than 70 polypeptides. The protein that coordinates these activities is transcription factor IID (TFIID), which binds to the core promoter to position the polymerase properly, serves as the scaffold for assembly of the remainder of the transcription complex, and acts as a channel for regulatory signals. TFIID is composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins known as TBP-associated factors or TAFs. TAFs may participate in basal transcription, serve as coactivators, function in promoter recognition or modify general transcription factors (GTFs) to facilitate complex assembly and transcription initiation. This gene encodes a small subunit associated with a subset of TFIID complexes. This subunit interacts with TBP and with two other small subunits of TFIID, TAF10 and TAF11. There is a pseudogene located on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MED12L | mediator complex subunit 12-like|The protein encoded by this gene is part of the Mediator complex, which is involved in transcriptional coactivation of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. The Mediator complex links gene-specific transcriptional activators with the basal transcription machinery. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| SLC35A4 | solute carrier family 35, member A4| |
| SLC35A5 | solute carrier family 35, member A5| |
| SLC35A1 | solute carrier family 35 (CMP-sialic acid transporter), member A1|The protein encoded by this gene is found in the membrane of the Golgi apparatus, where it transports nucleotide sugars into the Golgi. One such nucleotide sugar is CMP-sialic acid, which is imported into the Golgi by the encoded protein and subsequently glycosylated. Defects in this gene are a cause of congenital disorder of glycosylation type 2F (CDG2F). Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| SLC35A2 | solute carrier family 35 (UDP-galactose transporter), member A2|This gene encodes a member of the nucleotide-sugar transporter family. The encoded protein is a multi-pass membrane protein. It transports UDP-galactose from the cytosol into Golgi vesicles, where it serves as a glycosyl donor for the generation of glycans. Mutations in this gene cause congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIm (CDG2M). Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| SLC35A3 | solute carrier family 35 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) transporter), member A3|This gene encodes a UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transporter found in the golgi apparatus membrane. In cattle, a missense mutation in this gene causes complex vertebral malformation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| ANKRD18A | ankyrin repeat domain 18A| |
| MPDZ | multiple PDZ domain protein| |
| NXF5 | nuclear RNA export factor 5|This gene is one member of a family of nuclear RNA export factor genes. The encoded protein can bind RNA, and is implicated in mRNA nuclear export. However, this protein has lost several C-terminal protein domains found in other family members that are required for export activity, and may be an evolving pseudogene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but most are candidates for nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) and may not express proteins in vivo. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| CES1 | carboxylesterase 1|This gene encodes a member of the carboxylesterase large family. The family members are responsible for the hydrolysis or transesterification of various xenobiotics, such as cocaine and heroin, and endogenous substrates with ester, thioester, or amide bonds. They may participate in fatty acyl and cholesterol ester metabolism, and may play a role in the blood-brain barrier system. This enzyme is the major liver enzyme and functions in liver drug clearance. Mutations of this gene cause carboxylesterase 1 deficiency. Three transcript variants encoding three different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| ELK4 | ELK4, ETS-domain protein (SRF accessory protein 1)|This gene is a member of the Ets family of transcription factors and of the ternary complex factor (TCF) subfamily. Proteins of the TCF subfamily form a ternary complex by binding to the the serum response factor and the serum reponse element in the promoter of the c-fos proto-oncogene. The protein encoded by this gene is phosphorylated by the kinases, MAPK1 and MAPK8. Several transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FLG2 | filaggrin family member 2| |
| FAF1 | Fas (TNFRSF6) associated factor 1|Interaction of Fas ligand (TNFSF6) with the FAS antigen (TNFRSF6) mediates programmed cell death, also called apoptosis, in a number of organ systems. The protein encoded by this gene binds to FAS antigen and can initiate apoptosis or enhance apoptosis initiated through FAS antigen. Initiation of apoptosis by the protein encoded by this gene requires a ubiquitin-like domain but not the FAS-binding domain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ASIC4 | acid sensing (proton gated) ion channel family member 4|This gene belongs to the superfamily of acid-sensing ion channels, which are proton-gated, amiloride-sensitive sodium channels. These channels have been implicated in synaptic transmission, pain perception as well as mechanoperception. This gene is predominantly expressed in the pituitary gland, and was considered a candidate for paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis (PDC), a movement disorder, however, no correlation was found between mutations in this gene and PDC. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| FAF2 | Fas associated factor family member 2|The protein encoded by this gene is highly expressed in peripheral blood of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), compared to normal individuals. It may play a role in regulating the resistance to apoptosis that is observed in T cells and eosinophils of AD patients. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ASIC1 | acid sensing (proton gated) ion channel 1|This gene encodes a member of the acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) family of proteins, which are part of the degenerin/epithelial sodium channel (DEG/ENaC) superfamily. Members of the ASIC family are sensitive to amiloride and function in neurotransmission. The encoded proteins function in learning, pain transduction, touch sensation, and development of memory and fear. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| PGM1 | phosphoglucomutase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is an isozyme of phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and belongs to the phosphohexose mutase family. There are several PGM isozymes, which are encoded by different genes and catalyze the transfer of phosphate between the 1 and 6 positions of glucose. In most cell types, this PGM isozyme is predominant, representing about 90% of total PGM activity. In red cells, PGM2 is a major isozyme. This gene is highly polymorphic. Mutations in this gene cause glycogen storage disease type 14. Alternativley spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified in this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| PGM2 | phosphoglucomutase 2| |
| PGM3 | phosphoglucomutase 3|This gene encodes a member of the phosphohexose mutase family. The encoded protein mediates both glycogen formation and utilization by catalyzing the interconversion of glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate. A non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in this gene may play a role in resistance to diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| ABCB11 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 11|The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MDR/TAP subfamily. Members of the MDR/TAP subfamily are involved in multidrug resistance. The protein encoded by this gene is the major canalicular bile salt export pump in man. Mutations in this gene cause a form of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestases which are a group of inherited disorders with severe cholestatic liver disease from early infancy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ABCB10 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 10|The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MDR/TAP subfamily. Members of the MDR/TAP subfamily are involved in multidrug resistance. The function of this mitochondrial protein is unknown. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| APLN | apelin|This gene encodes a peptide that functions as an endogenous ligand for the G protein coupled receptor APJ. The encoded protein is synthesized as a prepropeptide that is processed into biologically active C-terminal fragments. The peptide fragments activate different tissue specific signaling pathways that regulate diverse biological functions including fluid homeostasis, cardiovascular function and insulin secretion. This protein also functions as a coreceptor for the human immunodeficiency virus 1.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| TMEM44 | transmembrane protein 44| |
| SART3 | squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T cells 3|The protein encoded by this gene is an RNA-binding nuclear protein that is a tumor-rejection antigen. This antigen possesses tumor epitopes capable of inducing HLA-A24-restricted and tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in cancer patients and may be useful for specific immunotherapy. This gene product is found to be an important cellular factor for HIV-1 gene expression and viral replication. It also associates transiently with U6 and U4/U6 snRNPs during the recycling phase of the spliceosome cycle. This encoded protein is thought to be involved in the regulation of mRNA splicing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CYHR1 | cysteine/histidine-rich 1| |
| SBK1 | SH3 domain binding kinase 1| |
| APLF | aprataxin and PNKP like factor|C2ORF13 is a component of the cellular response to chromosomal DNA single- and double-strand breaks (Iles et al., 2007 [PubMed 17353262]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SLC25A40 | solute carrier family 25, member 40|SLC25A40 belongs to the SLC25 family of mitochondrial carrier proteins (Haitina et al., 2006 [PubMed 16949250]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| TCEANC2 | transcription elongation factor A (SII) N-terminal and central domain containing 2| |
| PMP22 | peripheral myelin protein 22|This gene encodes an integral membrane protein that is a major component of myelin in the peripheral nervous system. Studies suggest two alternately used promoters drive tissue-specific expression. Various mutations of this gene are causes of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Type IA, Dejerine-Sottas syndrome, and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| SLC25A43 | solute carrier family 25, member 43|This gene encodes a member of the mitochondrial carrier family of proteins.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| SLC25A44 | solute carrier family 25, member 44|SLC25A44 belongs to the SLC25 family of mitochondrial carrier proteins (Haitina et al., 2006 [PubMed 16949250]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SLC25A46 | solute carrier family 25, member 46|SLC25A46 belongs to the SLC25 family of mitochondrial carrier proteins (Haitina et al., 2006 [PubMed 16949250]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SLC25A47 | solute carrier family 25, member 47| |
| CDC27 | cell division cycle 27|The protein encoded by this gene shares strong similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein Cdc27, and the gene product of Schizosaccharomyces pombe nuc 2. This protein is a component of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), which is composed of eight protein subunits and is highly conserved in eukaryotic cells. This complex catalyzes the formation of cyclin B-ubiquitin conjugate, which is responsible for the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of B-type cyclins. The protein encoded by this gene and three other members of the APC complex contain tetratricopeptide (TPR) repeats, which are important for protein-protein interactions. This protein was shown to interact with mitotic checkpoint proteins including Mad2, p55CDC and BUBR1, and it may thus be involved in controlling the timing of mitosis. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 2, 22 and Y. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| CDC26 | cell division cycle 26|The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc26, a component of cell cycle anaphase-promoting complex (APC). APC is composed of a group of highly conserved proteins and functions as a cell cycle-regulated ubiquitin-protein ligase. APC thus is responsible for the cell cycle regulated proteolysis of various proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TAF11 | TAF11 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 28kDa|Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the activities of more than 70 polypeptides. The protein that coordinates these activities is transcription factor IID (TFIID), which binds to the core promoter to position the polymerase properly, serves as the scaffold for assembly of the remainder of the transcription complex, and acts as a channel for regulatory signals. TFIID is composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins known as TBP-associated factors or TAFs. TAFs may participate in basal transcription, serve as coactivators, function in promoter recognition or modify general transcription factors (GTFs) to facilitate complex assembly and transcription initiation. This gene encodes a small subunit of TFIID that is present in all TFIID complexes and interacts with TBP. This subunit also interacts with another small subunit, TAF13, to form a heterodimer with a structure similar to the histone core structure. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| HOXD12 | homeobox D12|This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, located on different chromosomes, consisting of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXD genes located in a cluster on chromosome 2. Deletions that remove the entire HOXD gene cluster or the 5' end of this cluster have been associated with severe limb and genital abnormalities. The exact role of this gene has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HOXD13 | homeobox D13|This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, located on different chromosomes, consisting of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXD genes located in a cluster on chromosome 2. Deletions that remove the entire HOXD gene cluster or the 5' end of this cluster have been associated with severe limb and genital abnormalities. Mutations in this particular gene cause synpolydactyly. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HOXD10 | homeobox D10|This gene is a member of the Abd-B homeobox family and encodes a protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. It is included in a cluster of homeobox D genes located on chromosome 2. The encoded nuclear protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is expressed in the developing limb buds and is involved in differentiation and limb development. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Wilm's tumor and congenital vertical talus (also known as "rocker-bottom foot" deformity or congenital convex pes valgus) and/or a foot deformity resembling that seen in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DBT | dihydrolipoamide branched chain transacylase E2|The branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKD) is an inner-mitochondrial enzyme complex involved in the breakdown of the branched-chain amino acids isoleucine, leucine, and valine. The BCKD complex is thought to be composed of a core of 24 transacylase (E2) subunits, and associated decarboxylase (E1), dehydrogenase (E3), and regulatory subunits. This gene encodes the transacylase (E2) subunit. Mutations in this gene result in maple syrup urine disease, type 2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NUP153 | nucleoporin 153kDa|Nuclear pore complexes regulate the transport of macromolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. They are composed of at least 100 different polypeptide subunits, many of which belong to the nucleoporin family. Nucleoporins are glycoproteins found in nuclear pores and contain characteristic pentapeptide XFXFG repeats as well as O-linked N-acetylglucosamine residues oriented towards the cytoplasm. The protein encoded by this gene has three distinct domains: a N-terminal region containing a pore targeting and an RNA-binding domain domain, a central region containing multiple zinc finger motifs, and a C-terminal region containing multiple XFXFG repeats. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| PITPNA | phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, alpha|This gene encodes a member of a family of lipid-binding proteins that transfer molecules of phosphatidylinositol or phosphatidylcholine between membrane surfaces. The protein is implicated in phospholipase C signaling and in the production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) by phosphoinositide-3-kinase.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| PDZD4 | PDZ domain containing 4| |
| PDZD3 | PDZ domain containing 3|Guanylyl cyclase C (GCC, or GUCY2C; MIM 601330) produces cGMP following the binding of either endogenous ligands or heat-stable enterotoxins secreted by E. coli and other enteric bacteria. Activation of GCC initiates a signaling cascade that leads to phosphorylation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR; MIM 602421), followed by a net efflux of ions and water into the intestinal lumen. IKEPP is a regulatory protein that associates with GCC and regulates the amount of cGMP produced following receptor stimulation (Scott et al., 2002 [PubMed 11950846]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| TOX2 | TOX high mobility group box family member 2| |
| STON1 | stonin 1|Endocytosis of cell surface proteins is mediated by a complex molecular machinery that assembles on the inner surface of the plasma membrane. This gene encodes one of two human homologs of the Drosophila melanogaster stoned B protein. This protein is related to components of the endocytic machinery and exhibits a modular structure consisting of an N-terminal proline-rich domain, a central region of homology specific to the human stoned B-like proteins, and a C-terminal region homologous to the mu subunits of adaptor protein (AP) complexes. Read-through transcription of this gene into the neighboring downstream gene, which encodes TFIIA-alpha/beta-like factor, generates a transcript (SALF), which encodes a fusion protein comprised of sequence sharing identity with each individual gene product. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| ANKEF1 | ankyrin repeat and EF-hand domain containing 1| |
| BEST1 | bestrophin 1|This gene encodes a member of the bestrophin gene family. This small gene family is characterized by proteins with a highly conserved N-terminus with four to six transmembrane domains. Bestrophins may form chloride ion channels or may regulate voltage-gated L-type calcium-ion channels. Bestrophins are generally believed to form calcium-activated chloride-ion channels in epithelial cells but they have also been shown to be highly permeable to bicarbonate ion transport in retinal tissue. Mutations in this gene are responsible for juvenile-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD2), also known as Best macular dystrophy, in addition to adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy (AVMD) and other retinopathies. Alternative splicing results in multiple variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| LIN54 | lin-54 DREAM MuvB core complex component|LIN54 is a component of the LIN, or DREAM, complex, an essential regulator of cell cycle genes (Schmit et al., 2009 [PubMed 19725879]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2010] |
| LIN52 | lin-52 DREAM MuvB core complex component| |
| PDZD9 | PDZ domain containing 9| |
| PDZD8 | PDZ domain containing 8| |
| WWTR1 | WW domain containing transcription regulator 1| |
| TNC | tenascin C|This gene encodes an extracellular matrix protein with a spatially and temporally restricted tissue distribution. This protein is homohexameric with disulfide-linked subunits, and contains multiple EGF-like and fibronectin type-III domains. It is implicated in guidance of migrating neurons as well as axons during development, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal regeneration. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| TXNDC11 | thioredoxin domain containing 11| |
| SORCS1 | sortilin-related VPS10 domain containing receptor 1|This gene encodes one family member of vacuolar protein sorting 10 (VPS10) domain-containing receptor proteins. The VPS10 domain name comes from the yeast carboxypeptidase Y sorting receptor Vps10 protein. Members of this gene family are large with many exons but the CDS lengths are usually less than 3700 nt. Very large introns typically separate the exons encoding the VPS10 domain; the remaining exons are separated by much smaller-sized introns. These genes are strongly expressed in the central nervous system. Two of the five family members (sortilin and sortilin-related receptor) are synthesized as preproproteins; it is not yet known if this encoded protein is also a preproprotein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SORCS3 | sortilin-related VPS10 domain containing receptor 3|This gene encodes a type-I receptor transmembrane protein that is a member of the vacuolar protein sorting 10 receptor family. Proteins of this family are defined by a vacuolar protein sorting 10 domain at the N-terminus. The N-terminal segment of this domain has a consensus motif for proprotein convertase processing, and the C-terminal segment of this domain is characterized by ten conserved cysteine residues. The vacuolar protein sorting 10 domain is followed by a leucine-rich segment, a transmembrane domain, and a short C-terminal cytoplasmic domain that interacts with adaptor molecules. The transcript is expressed at high levels in the brain, and candidate gene studies suggest that genetic variation in this gene is associated with Alzheimer's disease. Consistent with this observation, knockdown of the gene in cell culture results in an increase in amyloid precursor protein processing. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| RPL35A | ribosomal protein L35a|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L35AE family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. The rat protein has been shown to bind to both initiator and elongator tRNAs, and thus, it is located at the P site, or P and A sites, of the ribosome. Although this gene was originally mapped to chromosome 18, it has been established that it is located at 3q29-qter. Transcript variants utilizing alternative transcription initiation sites and alternative polyA signals exist. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CARS2 | cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial (putative)|This gene encodes a putative member of the class I family of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. These enzymes play a critical role in protein biosynthesis by charging tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. This protein is encoded by the nuclear genome but is likely to be imported to the mitochondrion where it is thought to catalyze the ligation of cysteine to tRNA molecules. A splice-site mutation in this gene has been associated with a novel progressive myoclonic epilepsy disease with similar symptoms to MERRF syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015] |
| PXDC1 | PX domain containing 1| |
| ROBO4 | roundabout, axon guidance receptor, homolog 4 (Drosophila)| |
| FYTTD1 | forty-two-three domain containing 1| |
| GPKOW | G patch domain and KOW motifs|This gene encodes a putative RNA-binding protein containing G-patch and KOW (Kyprides, Ouzounis, Woese) domains. The encoded protein interacts directly with protein kinase A and protein kinase X and is also found associated with the spliceosome. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| TNPO2 | transportin 2| |
| TNPO3 | transportin 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear import receptor for serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins such as the splicing factors SFRS1 and SFRS2. The encoded protein has also been shown to be involved in HIV-1 infection, apparently through interaction with the HIV-1 capsid protein. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms as well as a noncoding transcript have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| TNPO1 | transportin 1|This gene encodes the beta subunit of the karyopherin receptor complex which interacts with nuclear localization signals to target nuclear proteins to the nucleus. The karyopherin receptor complex is a heterodimer of an alpha subunit which recognizes the nuclear localization signal and a beta subunit which docks the complex at nucleoporins. Alternate splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NANOG | Nanog homeobox| |
| RRH | retinal pigment epithelium-derived rhodopsin homolog|Opsins are members of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor superfamily. This gene belongs to the seven-exon subfamily of mammalian opsin genes that includes opsin 5 and retinal G protein coupled receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GCN1L1 | GCN1 general control of amino-acid synthesis 1-like 1 (yeast)| |
| WRNIP1 | Werner helicase interacting protein 1|Werner's syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by accelerated aging that is caused by defects in the Werner syndrome ATP-dependent helicase gene (WRN). The protein encoded by this gene interacts with the exonuclease-containing N-terminal portion of the Werner protein. This protein has a ubiquitin-binding zinc-finger domain in the N-terminus, an ATPase domain, and two leucine zipper motifs in the C-terminus. It has sequence similarity to replication factor C family proteins and is conserved from E. coli to human. This protein likely accumulates at sites of DNA damage by interacting with polyubiquinated proteins and also binds to DNA polymerase delta and increases the initiation frequency of DNA polymerase delta-mediated DNA synthesis. This protein also interacts with nucleoporins at nuclear pore complexes. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been isolated for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| PIK3R2 | phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 2 (beta)|Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is a lipid kinase that phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol and similar compounds, creating second messengers important in growth signaling pathways. PI3K functions as a heterodimer of a regulatory and a catalytic subunit. The protein encoded by this gene is a regulatory component of PI3K. Two transcript variants, one protein coding and the other non-protein coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| MAPK1 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 1|This gene encodes a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases, also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. The activation of this kinase requires its phosphorylation by upstream kinases. Upon activation, this kinase translocates to the nucleus of the stimulated cells, where it phosphorylates nuclear targets. One study also suggests that this protein acts as a transcriptional repressor independent of its kinase activity. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein, but differing in the UTRs, have been reported for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| MAPK6 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 6|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family, and is most closely related to mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases). MAP kinases also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), are activated through protein phosphorylation cascades and act as integration points for multiple biochemical signals. This kinase is localized in the nucleus, and has been reported to be activated in fibroblasts upon treatment with serum or phorbol esters. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPP1R12A | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 12A|Myosin phosphatase target subunit 1, which is also called the myosin-binding subunit of myosin phosphatase, is one of the subunits of myosin phosphatase. Myosin phosphatase regulates the interaction of actin and myosin downstream of the guanosine triphosphatase Rho. The small guanosine triphosphatase Rho is implicated in myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, which results in contraction of smooth muscle and interaction of actin and myosin in nonmuscle cells. The guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound, active form of RhoA (GTP.RhoA) specifically interacted with the myosin-binding subunit (MBS) of myosin phosphatase, which regulates the extent of phosphorylation of MLC. Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase), which is activated by GTP. RhoA, phosphorylated MBS and consequently inactivated myosin phosphatase. Overexpression of RhoA or activated RhoA in NIH 3T3 cells increased phosphorylation of MBS and MLC. Thus, Rho appears to inhibit myosin phosphatase through the action of Rho-kinase. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| MAPK4 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 4|Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family. Tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors activate mitogen-activated protein kinases which then translocate into the nucleus and phosphorylate nuclear targets. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| PPP1R12C | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 12C|The gene encodes a subunit of myosin phosphatase. The encoded protein regulates the catalytic activity of protein phosphatase 1 delta and assembly of the actin cytoskeleton. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| MAPK8 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 8|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase is activated by various cell stimuli, and targets specific transcription factors, and thus mediates immediate-early gene expression in response to cell stimuli. The activation of this kinase by tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is found to be required for TNF-alpha induced apoptosis. This kinase is also involved in UV radiation induced apoptosis, which is thought to be related to cytochrom c-mediated cell death pathway. Studies of the mouse counterpart of this gene suggested that this kinase play a key role in T cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Five alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| MAPK9 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 9|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase targets specific transcription factors, and thus mediates immediate-early gene expression in response to various cell stimuli. It is most closely related to MAPK8, both of which are involved in UV radiation induced apoptosis, thought to be related to the cytochrome c-mediated cell death pathway. This gene and MAPK8 are also known as c-Jun N-terminal kinases. This kinase blocks the ubiquitination of tumor suppressor p53, and thus it increases the stability of p53 in nonstressed cells. Studies of this gene's mouse counterpart suggest a key role in T-cell differentiation. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| SGPP1 | sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 1|Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite that regulates diverse biologic processes. SGPP1 catalyzes the degradation of S1P via salvage and recycling of sphingosine into long-chain ceramides (Mandala et al., 2000 [PubMed 10859351]; Le Stunff et al., 2007 [PubMed 17895250]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009] |
| WTAP | Wilms tumor 1 associated protein|The Wilms tumor suppressor gene WT1 appears to play a role in both transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of certain cellular genes. This gene encodes a WT1-associating protein, which is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein. Like WT1 protein, this protein is localized throughout the nucleoplasm as well as in speckles and partially colocalizes with splicing factors. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants encoding three different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| LYL1 | lymphoblastic leukemia associated hematopoiesis regulator 1|This gene represents a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor. The encoded protein may play roles in blood vessel maturation and hematopoeisis. A translocation between this locus and the T cell receptor beta locus (GeneID 6957) on chromosome 7 has been associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| ATP8A2 | ATPase, aminophospholipid transporter, class I, type 8A, member 2| |
| ATP8A1 | ATPase, aminophospholipid transporter (APLT), class I, type 8A, member 1|The P-type adenosinetriphosphatases (P-type ATPases) are a family of proteins which use the free energy of ATP hydrolysis to drive uphill transport of ions across membranes. Several subfamilies of P-type ATPases have been identified. One subfamily catalyzes transport of heavy metal ions. Another subfamily transports non-heavy metal ions (NMHI). The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the third subfamily of P-type ATPases and acts to transport amphipaths, such as phosphatidylserine. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HIF3A | hypoxia inducible factor 3, alpha subunit|The protein encoded by this gene is the alpha-3 subunit of one of several alpha/beta-subunit heterodimeric transcription factors that regulate many adaptive responses to low oxygen tension (hypoxia). The alpha-3 subunit lacks the transactivation domain found in factors containing either the alpha-1 or alpha-2 subunits. It is thought that factors containing the alpha-3 subunit are negative regulators of hypoxia-inducible gene expression. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| CD5L | CD5 molecule-like| |
| C1QTNF9 | C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 9| |
| BCOR | BCL6 corepressor|The protein encoded by this gene was identified as an interacting corepressor of BCL6, a POZ/zinc finger transcription repressor that is required for germinal center formation and may influence apoptosis. This protein selectively interacts with the POZ domain of BCL6, but not with eight other POZ proteins. Specific class I and II histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been shown to interact with this protein, which suggests a possible link between the two classes of HDACs. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome Y.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| THNSL2 | threonine synthase-like 2 (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a threonine synthase-like protein. A similar enzyme in mouse can catalyze the degradation of O-phospho-homoserine to a-ketobutyrate, phosphate, and ammonia. This protein also has phospho-lyase activity on both gamma and beta phosphorylated substrates. In mouse an alternatively spliced form of this protein has been shown to act as a cytokine and can induce the production of the inflammatory cytokine IL6 in osteoblasts. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| THNSL1 | threonine synthase-like 1 (S. cerevisiae)| |
| METTL8 | methyltransferase like 8| |
| METTL9 | methyltransferase like 9| |
| ZMYM6NB | ZMYM6 neighbor| |
| CCL13 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 13|This antimicrobial gene is one of several Cys-Cys (CC) cytokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils and eosinophils, but not neutrophils. This chemokine plays a role in accumulation of leukocytes during inflammation. It may also be involved in the recruitment of monocytes into the arterial wall during artherosclerosis. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| VPS35 | vacuolar protein sorting 35 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|This gene belongs to a group of vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) genes. The encoded protein is a component of a large multimeric complex, termed the retromer complex, involved in retrograde transport of proteins from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. The close structural similarity between the yeast and human proteins that make up this complex suggests a similarity in function. Expression studies in yeast and mammalian cells indicate that this protein interacts directly with VPS35, which serves as the core of the retromer complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCL15 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 15|This gene is located in a cluster of similar genes in the same region of chromosome 17. These genes encode CC cytokines, which are secreted proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The product of this gene is chemotactic for T cells and monocytes, and acts through C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1). The proprotein is further processed into numerous smaller functional peptides. Naturally-occurring readthrough transcripts occur from this gene into the downstream gene, CCL14 (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14). [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| CCL16 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 16|This gene is one of several cytokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for lymphocytes and monocytes but not for neutrophils. This cytokine also shows a potent myelosuppressive activity and suppresses proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells. The expression of this gene is upregulated by IL-10. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VPS36 | vacuolar protein sorting 36 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a protein that is a subunit of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport II (ESCRT-II). This protein complex functions in sorting of ubiquitinated membrane proteins during endocytosis. A similar protein complex in rat is associated with RNA polymerase elongation factor II. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| VPS39 | vacuolar protein sorting 39 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a protein that may promote clustering and fusion of late endosomes and lysosomes. The protein may also act as an adaptor protein that modulates the transforming growth factor-beta response by coupling the transforming growth factor-beta receptor complex to the Smad pathway. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| METTL1 | methyltransferase like 1|This gene is similar in sequence to the S. cerevisiae YDL201w gene. The gene product contains a conserved S-adenosylmethionine-binding motif and is inactivated by phosphorylation. Alternative splice variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| METTL3 | methyltransferase like 3|This gene encodes the 70 kDa subunit of MT-A which is part of N6-adenosine-methyltransferase. This enzyme is involved in the posttranscriptional methylation of internal adenosine residues in eukaryotic mRNAs, forming N6-methyladenosine. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| METTL4 | methyltransferase like 4| |
| METTL5 | methyltransferase like 5| |
| METTL6 | methyltransferase like 6| |
| STAT5B | signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT family of transcription factors. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. This protein mediates the signal transduction triggered by various cell ligands, such as IL2, IL4, CSF1, and different growth hormones. It has been shown to be involved in diverse biological processes, such as TCR signaling, apoptosis, adult mammary gland development, and sexual dimorphism of liver gene expression. This gene was found to fuse to retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RARA) gene in a small subset of acute promyelocytic leukemias (APLL). The dysregulation of the signaling pathways mediated by this protein may be the cause of the APLL. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STAT5A | signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT family of transcription factors. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. This protein is activated by, and mediates the responses of many cell ligands, such as IL2, IL3, IL7 GM-CSF, erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, and different growth hormones. Activation of this protein in myeloma and lymphoma associated with a TEL/JAK2 gene fusion is independent of cell stimulus and has been shown to be essential for tumorigenesis. The mouse counterpart of this gene is found to induce the expression of BCL2L1/BCL-X(L), which suggests the antiapoptotic function of this gene in cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| FDX1L | ferredoxin 1-like|This gene encodes a member of the ferredoxin family. The encoded protein contains a 2Fe-2S ferredoxin-type domain and is essential for heme A and Fe/S protein biosynthesis. Mutation in FDX1L gene is associated with mitochondrial muscle myopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| KCTD3 | potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 3| |
| C1orf101 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 101| |
| KCTD1 | potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 1| |
| KCTD7 | potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 7|This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing protein family. Family members are identified on a structural basis and contain an amino-terminal domain similar to the T1 domain present in the voltage-gated potassium channel. Mutations in this gene have been associated with progressive myoclonic epilepsy-3. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| C1orf105 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 105| |
| C1orf106 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 106| |
| KCTD4 | potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 4| |
| C1orf109 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 109| |
| KCTD9 | potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 9| |
| KCTD8 | potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 8| |
| MPZL3 | myelin protein zero-like 3| |
| UST | uronyl-2-sulfotransferase|Uronyl 2-sulfotransferase transfers sulfate to the 2-position of uronyl residues, such as iduronyl residues in dermatan sulfate and glucuronyl residues in chondroitin sulfate (Kobayashi et al., 1999 [PubMed 10187838]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| GLTSCR1L | GLTSCR1-like| |
| SERPINA1 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is secreted and is a serine protease inhibitor whose targets include elastase, plasmin, thrombin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and plasminogen activator. Defects in this gene can cause emphysema or liver disease. Several transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SERPINA3 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a plasma protease inhibitor and member of the serine protease inhibitor class. Polymorphisms in this protein appear to be tissue specific and influence protease targeting. Variations in this protein's sequence have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease, and deficiency of this protein has been associated with liver disease. Mutations have been identified in patients with Parkinson disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SERPINA4 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 4| |
| HCFC2 | host cell factor C2|This gene encodes one of two proteins which interact with VP16, a herpes simplex virus protein that initiates virus infection. Both the encoded protein and the original Herpes host cell factor interact with VP16 through a beta-propeller domain. The original Herpes host cell factor, however, is effective at initiating viral infection while the encoded protein is not. Transcripts of varying length due to alternative polyadenylation signals have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SERPINA6 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 6|This gene encodes an alpha-globulin protein with corticosteroid-binding properties. This is the major transport protein for glucorticoids and progestins in the blood of most vertebrates. The gene localizes to a chromosomal region containing several closely related serine protease inhibitors which may have evolved by duplication events. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EXOC6B | exocyst complex component 6B|In yeast and rat, Sec15 is part of a multiprotein complex that is required for targeted exocytosis.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| ZC3HC1 | zinc finger, C3HC-type containing 1|This gene encodes an F-box-containing protein that is a component of an SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that regulates the onset of cell division. The G2/M transition in the cell cycle requires the interaction of the proteins cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1. The activated ubiquitin ligase complex targets the protein cyclin B1 for degradation, preventing this transition to mitosis. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| NRAS | neuroblastoma RAS viral (v-ras) oncogene homolog|This is an N-ras oncogene encoding a membrane protein that shuttles between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane. This shuttling is regulated through palmitoylation and depalmitoylation by the ZDHHC9-GOLGA7 complex. The encoded protein, which has intrinsic GTPase activity, is activated by a guanine nucleotide-exchange factor and inactivated by a GTPase activating protein. Mutations in this gene have been associated with somatic rectal cancer, follicular thyroid cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, Noonan syndrome, and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| PDZD11 | PDZ domain containing 11| |
| NRAP | nebulin-related anchoring protein| |
| PXK | PX domain containing serine/threonine kinase|This gene encodes a phox (PX) domain-containing protein which may be involved in synaptic transmission and the ligand-induced internalization and degradation of epidermal growth factors. Variations in this gene may be associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| FOXRED2 | FAD-dependent oxidoreductase domain containing 2| |
| FOXRED1 | FAD-dependent oxidoreductase domain containing 1|This gene encodes a protein that contains a FAD-dependent oxidoreductase domain. The encoded protein is localized to the mitochondria and may function as a chaperone protein required for the function of mitochondrial complex I. Mutations in this gene are associated with mitochondrial complex I deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| CREB3L1 | cAMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 1|The protein encoded by this gene is normally found in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, upon stress to the ER, the encoded protein is cleaved and the released cytoplasmic transcription factor domain translocates to the nucleus. There it activates the transcription of target genes by binding to box-B elements. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| PXN | paxillin|This gene encodes a cytoskeletal protein involved in actin-membrane attachment at sites of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (focal adhesion). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. These isoforms exhibit different expression pattern, and have different biochemical, as well as physiological properties (PMID:9054445). [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| ACSS2 | acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2|This gene encodes a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the activation of acetate for use in lipid synthesis and energy generation. The protein acts as a monomer and produces acetyl-CoA from acetate in a reaction that requires ATP. Expression of this gene is regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, transcription factors that activate genes required for the synthesis of cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acids. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| CABLES1 | Cdk5 and Abl enzyme substrate 1|This gene encodes a protein involved in regulation of the cell cycle through interactions with several cyclin-dependent kinases. One study (PMID: 16177568) reported aberrant splicing of transcripts from this gene which results in removal of the cyclin binding domain only in human cancer cells, and reduction in gene expression was shown in colorectal cancers (PMID: 17982127).Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| CABLES2 | Cdk5 and Abl enzyme substrate 2| |
| MTUS2 | microtubule associated tumor suppressor candidate 2| |
| ATXN7L1 | ataxin 7-like 1| |
| ESF1 | ESF1, nucleolar pre-rRNA processing protein, homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| SHBG | sex hormone-binding globulin|This gene encodes a steroid binding protein that was first described as a plasma protein secreted by the liver but is now thought to participate in the regulation of steroid responses. The encoded protein transports androgens and estrogens in the blood, binding each steroid molecule as a dimer formed from identical or nearly identical monomers. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| TMEM120A | transmembrane protein 120A| |
| ROPN1 | rhophilin associated tail protein 1| |
| ASZ1 | ankyrin repeat, SAM and basic leucine zipper domain containing 1| |
| NCCRP1 | non-specific cytotoxic cell receptor protein 1 homolog (zebrafish)| |
| FOXD4L6 | forkhead box D4-like 6| |
| PACS1 | phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 1|This gene encodes a protein with a putative role in the localization of trans-Golgi network (TGN) membrane proteins. Mouse and rat homologs have been identified and studies of the homologous rat protein indicate a role in directing TGN localization of furin by binding to the protease's phosphorylated cytosolic domain. In addition, the human protein plays a role in HIV-1 Nef-mediated downregulation of cell surface MHC-I molecules to the TGN, thereby enabling HIV-1 to escape immune surveillance. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PACS2 | phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2| |
| FAM63A | family with sequence similarity 63, member A| |
| SBNO2 | strawberry notch homolog 2 (Drosophila)| |
| SBNO1 | strawberry notch homolog 1 (Drosophila)| |
| FAM63B | family with sequence similarity 63, member B| |
| USPL1 | ubiquitin specific peptidase like 1| |
| RNF166 | ring finger protein 166| |
| RNF165 | ring finger protein 165|Encoded in regions involved in pericentric inversions in patients with bipolar affective disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SV2B | synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2B| |
| RNF169 | ring finger protein 169| |
| RNF168 | ring finger protein 168, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This gene encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase protein that contains a RING finger, a motif present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and known to be involved in protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions. The protein is involved in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Mutations in this gene result in Riddle syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| SEC23A | Sec23 homolog A (S. cerevisiae)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SEC23 subfamily of the SEC23/SEC24 family. It is part of a protein complex and found in the ribosome-free transitional face of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and associated vesicles. This protein has similarity to yeast Sec23p component of COPII. COPII is the coat protein complex responsible for vesicle budding from the ER. The encoded protein is suggested to play a role in the ER-Golgi protein trafficking. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C8orf76 | chromosome 8 open reading frame 76| |
| UPF3B | UPF3 regulator of nonsense transcripts homolog B (yeast)|This gene encodes a protein that is part of a post-splicing multiprotein complex involved in both mRNA nuclear export and mRNA surveillance. The encoded protein is one of two functional homologs to yeast Upf3p. mRNA surveillance detects exported mRNAs with truncated open reading frames and initiates nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). When translation ends upstream from the last exon-exon junction, this triggers NMD to degrade mRNAs containing premature stop codons. This protein binds to the mRNA and remains bound after nuclear export, acting as a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein. It forms with Y14 a complex that binds specifically 20 nt upstream of exon-exon junctions. This gene is located on the long arm of chromosome X. Two splice variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UPF3A | UPF3 regulator of nonsense transcripts homolog A (yeast)|This gene encodes a protein that is part of a post-splicing multiprotein complex involved in both mRNA nuclear export and mRNA surveillance. The encoded protein is one of two functional homologs to yeast Upf3p. mRNA surveillance detects exported mRNAs with truncated open reading frames and initiates nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). When translation ends upstream from the last exon-exon junction, this triggers NMD to degrade mRNAs containing premature stop codons. This protein binds to the mRNA and remains bound after nuclear export, acting as a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein. It forms with Y14 a complex that binds specifically 20 nt upstream of exon-exon junctions. This gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 13. Two splice variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZBTB43 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 43| |
| ZBTB44 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 44| |
| ZBTB45 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 45| |
| ZBTB46 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 46| |
| ZBTB47 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 47| |
| ZBTB48 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 48| |
| ZBTB49 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 49| |
| PKDREJ | polycystin (PKD) family receptor for egg jelly|This intronless gene encodes a member of the polycystin protein family. The encoded protein contains 11 transmembrane domains, a receptor for egg jelly (REJ) domain, a G-protein-coupled receptor proteolytic site (GPS) domain, and a polycystin-1, lipoxygenase, alpha-toxin (PLAT) domain. This protein may play a role in human reproduction. Alternative splice variants have been described but their biological natures have not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF609 | zinc finger protein 609| |
| SYNPO | synaptopodin|Synaptopodin is an actin-associated protein that may play a role in actin-based cell shape and motility. The name synaptopodin derives from the protein's associations with postsynaptic densities and dendritic spines and with renal podocytes (Mundel et al., 1997 [PubMed 9314539]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CTC1 | CTS telomere maintenance complex component 1|This gene encodes a component of the CST complex. This complex plays an essential role in protecting telomeres from degradation. This protein also forms a heterodimer with the CST complex subunit STN1 to form the enzyme alpha accessory factor. This enzyme regulates DNA replication. Mutations in this gene are the cause of cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts. Alternate splicing results in both coding and non-coding variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| P4HA2 | prolyl 4-hydroxylase, alpha polypeptide II|This gene encodes a component of prolyl 4-hydroxylase, a key enzyme in collagen synthesis composed of two identical alpha subunits and two beta subunits. The encoded protein is one of several different types of alpha subunits and provides the major part of the catalytic site of the active enzyme. In collagen and related proteins, prolyl 4-hydroxylase catalyzes the formation of 4-hydroxyproline that is essential to the proper three-dimensional folding of newly synthesized procollagen chains. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| P4HA3 | prolyl 4-hydroxylase, alpha polypeptide III|This gene encodes a component of prolyl 4-hydroxylase, a key enzyme in collagen synthesis composed of two identical alpha subunits and two beta subunits. The encoded protein is one of several different types of alpha subunits and provides the major part of the catalytic site of the active enzyme. In collagen and related proteins, prolyl 4-hydroxylase catalyzes the formation of 4-hydroxyproline that is essential to the proper three-dimensional folding of newly synthesized procollagen chains. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| ANP32D | acidic (leucine-rich) nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family, member D|Phosphoprotein 32 (PP32) is a tumor suppressor that can inhibit several types of cancers, including prostate and breast cancers. The protein encoded by this gene is one of at least two proteins that are similar in amino acid sequence to PP32 and are part of the same acidic nuclear phosphoprotein gene family. However, unlike PP32, the encoded protein is tumorigenic. The tumor suppressor function of PP32 has been localized to a 25 amino acid region that is absent in the protein encoded by this gene. This gene does not contain introns. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TLCD1 | TLC domain containing 1| |
| ANP32B | acidic (leucine-rich) nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family, member B| |
| ANP32C | acidic (leucine-rich) nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family, member C|Phosphoprotein 32 (PP32) is a tumor suppressor that can inhibit several types of cancers, including prostate and breast cancers. The protein encoded by this gene is one of at least two proteins that are similar in amino acid sequence to PP32 and are part of the same acidic nuclear phosphoprotein gene family. However, unlike PP32, the encoded protein is tumorigenic. The tumor suppressor function of PP32 has been localized to a 25 amino acid region that is divergent between PP32 and the protein encoded by this gene. This gene does not contain introns. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANP32A | acidic (leucine-rich) nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family, member A| |
| FDXR | ferredoxin reductase|This gene encodes a mitochondrial flavoprotein that initiates electron transport for cytochromes P450 receiving electrons from NADPH. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| HPSE2 | heparanase 2 (inactive)|This gene encodes a heparanase enzyme. The encoded protein is a endoglycosidase that degrades heparin sulfate proteoglycans located on the extracellular matrix and cell surface. This protein may be involved in biological processes involving remodeling of the extracellular matrix including angiogenesis and tumor progression. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| SEMA3C | sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), short basic domain, secreted, (semaphorin) 3C| |
| TAT | tyrosine aminotransferase|This nuclear gene encodes a mitochondrial protein tyrosine aminotransferase which is present in the liver and catalyzes the conversion of L-tyrosine into p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. Mutations in this gene cause tyrosinemia (type II, Richner-Hanhart syndrome), a disorder accompanied by major skin and corneal lesions, with possible mental retardation. A regulator gene for tyrosine aminotransferase is X-linked. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZFYVE19 | zinc finger, FYVE domain containing 19| |
| NTNG1 | netrin G1|Netrin G1 (NTNG1) belongs to a conserved family of proteins that act as axon guidance cues during vertebrate nervous system development (Nakashiba et al., 2000 [PubMed 10964959]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| NTNG2 | netrin G2| |
| RPF1 | ribosome production factor 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| RPF2 | ribosome production factor 2 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| ZFYVE16 | zinc finger, FYVE domain containing 16|This gene encodes an endosomal protein that belongs to the FYVE zinc finger family of proteins. The encoded protein is thought to regulate membrane trafficking in the endosome. This protein functions as a scaffold protein in the transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway and is involved in positive and negative feedback regulation of the bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| ALMS1 | Alstrom syndrome protein 1|This gene encodes a protein containing a large tandem-repeat domain as well as additional low complexity regions. The encoded protein functions in microtubule organization, particularly in the formation and maintanance of cilia. Mutations in this gene cause Alstrom syndrome. There is a pseudogene for this gene located adjacent in the same region of chromosome 2. Alternative splice variants have been described but their full length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| TAZ | tafazzin|This gene encodes a protein that is expressed at high levels in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Mutations in this gene have been associated with a number of clinical disorders including Barth syndrome, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic DCM, endocardial fibroelastosis, and left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. A long form and a short form of each of these isoforms is produced; the short form lacks a hydrophobic leader sequence and may exist as a cytoplasmic protein rather than being membrane-bound. Other alternatively spliced transcripts have been described but the full-length nature of all these transcripts is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRR23B | proline rich 23B| |
| MRPL54 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L54|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPL55 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L55|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. Multiple transcript variants encoding two different isoforms were identified through sequence analysis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRIM1 | primase, DNA, polypeptide 1 (49kDa)|The replication of DNA in eukaryotic cells is carried out by a complex chromosomal replication apparatus, in which DNA polymerase alpha and primase are two key enzymatic components. Primase, which is a heterodimer of a small subunit and a large subunit, synthesizes small RNA primers for the Okazaki fragments made during discontinuous DNA replication. The protein encoded by this gene is the small, 49 kDa primase subunit. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC43A1 | solute carrier family 43 (amino acid system L transporter), member 1|SLC43A1 belongs to the system L family of plasma membrane carrier proteins that transports large neutral amino acids (Babu et al., 2003 [PubMed 12930836]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MRPL52 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L52|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein which has no bacterial homolog. Multiple transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms were identified through sequence analysis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRIM2 | primase, DNA, polypeptide 2 (58kDa)|This gene encodes the 58 kilodalton subunit of DNA primase, an enzyme that plays a key role in the replication of DNA. The encoded protein forms a heterodimer with a 49 kilodalton subunit. This heterodimer functions as a DNA-directed RNA polymerase to synthesize small RNA primers that are used to create Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand of the DNA. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. This gene has a related pseudogene, which is also present on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| DDB1 | damage-specific DNA binding protein 1, 127kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is the large subunit (p127) of the heterodimeric DNA damage-binding (DDB) complex while another protein (p48) forms the small subunit. This protein complex functions in nucleotide-excision repair and binds to DNA following UV damage. Defective activity of this complex causes the repair defect in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group E (XPE) - an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by photosensitivity and early onset of carcinomas. However, it remains for mutation analysis to demonstrate whether the defect in XPE patients is in this gene or the gene encoding the small subunit. In addition, Best vitelliform mascular dystrophy is mapped to the same region as this gene on 11q, but no sequence alternations of this gene are demonstrated in Best disease patients. The protein encoded by this gene also functions as an adaptor molecule for the cullin 4 (CUL4) ubiquitin E3 ligase complex by facilitating the binding of substrates to this complex and the ubiquitination of proteins. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| THY1 | Thy-1 cell surface antigen| |
| IL18 | interleukin 18|The protein encoded by this gene is a proinflammatory cytokine that augments natural killer cell activity in spleen cells, and stimulates interferon gamma production in T-helper type I cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| ZNF688 | zinc finger protein 688| |
| STK11 | serine/threonine kinase 11|This gene, which encodes a member of the serine/threonine kinase family, regulates cell polarity and functions as a tumor suppressor. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the growth of polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, pigmented macules on the skin and mouth, and other neoplasms. Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene have been observed but have not been thoroughly characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIQK | triple QxxK/R motif containing| |
| ALOXE3 | arachidonate lipoxygenase 3|This gene is a member of the lipoxygenase family, which are catabolized by arachidonic acid-derived compounds. The encoded enzyme is a hydroperoxide isomerase that synthesizes a unique type of epoxy alcohol (8R-hydroxy-11R,12R-epoxyeicosa-5Z,9E,14Z-trienoic acid) from 12R-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12R-HPETE). This epoxy alcohol can activate the the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), which is implicated in epidermal differentiation. Loss of function of the enzyme encoded by this gene results in ichthyosis, implicating the function of this gene in the differentiation of human skin. This gene is part of a cluster of lipoxygenase genes on 17p13.1. Mutations in this gene result in nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (NCIE). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| ZNF680 | zinc finger protein 680| |
| ZNF681 | zinc finger protein 681| |
| ZNF687 | zinc finger protein 687| |
| ZNF684 | zinc finger protein 684| |
| AP5M1 | adaptor-related protein complex 5, mu 1 subunit| |
| IQCC | IQ motif containing C| |
| TRAF3IP3 | TRAF3 interacting protein 3|The gene encodes a protein that mediates cell growth by modulating the c-Jun N-terminal kinase signal transduction pathway. The encoded protein may also interact with a large multi-protein assembly containing the phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| PCDHGC3 | protocadherin gamma subfamily C, 3|This gene is a member of the protocadherin gamma gene cluster, one of three related clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. These gene clusters have an immunoglobulin-like organization, suggesting that a novel mechanism may be involved in their regulation and expression. The gamma gene cluster includes 22 genes divided into 3 subfamilies. Subfamily A contains 12 genes, subfamily B contains 7 genes and 2 pseudogenes, and the more distantly related subfamily C contains 3 genes. The tandem array of 22 large, variable region exons are followed by a constant region, containing 3 exons shared by all genes in the cluster. Each variable region exon encodes the extracellular region, which includes 6 cadherin ectodomains and a transmembrane region. The constant region exons encode the common cytoplasmic region. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been described for the gamma cluster genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHGC4 | protocadherin gamma subfamily C, 4|This gene is a member of the protocadherin gamma gene cluster, one of three related clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. These gene clusters have an immunoglobulin-like organization, suggesting that a novel mechanism may be involved in their regulation and expression. The gamma gene cluster includes 22 genes divided into 3 subfamilies. Subfamily A contains 12 genes, subfamily B contains 7 genes and 2 pseudogenes, and the more distantly related subfamily C contains 3 genes. The tandem array of 22 large, variable region exons are followed by a constant region, containing 3 exons shared by all genes in the cluster. Each variable region exon encodes the extracellular region, which includes 6 cadherin ectodomains and a transmembrane region. The constant region exons encode the common cytoplasmic region. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been described for the gamma cluster genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHGC5 | protocadherin gamma subfamily C, 5|This gene is a member of the protocadherin gamma gene cluster, one of three related clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. These gene clusters have an immunoglobulin-like organization, suggesting that a novel mechanism may be involved in their regulation and expression. The gamma gene cluster includes 22 genes divided into 3 subfamilies. Subfamily A contains 12 genes, subfamily B contains 7 genes and 2 pseudogenes, and the more distantly related subfamily C contains 3 genes. The tandem array of 22 large, variable region exons are followed by a constant region, containing 3 exons shared by all genes in the cluster. Each variable region exon encodes the extracellular region, which includes 6 cadherin ectodomains and a transmembrane region. The constant region exons encode the common cytoplasmic region. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been described for the gamma cluster genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IQCE | IQ motif containing E| |
| TRAF3IP2 | TRAF3 interacting protein 2|This gene encodes a protein involved in regulating responses to cytokines by members of the Rel/NF-kappaB transcription factor family. These factors play a central role in innate immunity in response to pathogens, inflammatory signals and stress. This gene product interacts with TRAF proteins (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors) and either I-kappaB kinase or MAP kinase to activate either NF-kappaB or Jun kinase. Several alternative transcripts encoding different isoforms have been identified. Another transcript, which does not encode a protein and is transcribed in the opposite orientation, has been identified. Overexpression of this transcript has been shown to reduce expression of at least one of the protein encoding transcripts, suggesting it has a regulatory role in the expression of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| IQCK | IQ motif containing K|This gene belongs to the IQ motif-containing family of proteins. The IQ motif serves as a binding site for different EF-hand proteins such as calmodulin. This gene was identified as a potential candidate gene for obsessive-compulsive disorder in a genome-wide association study. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| IQCJ | IQ motif containing J| |
| MUC15 | mucin 15, cell surface associated| |
| IQCH | IQ motif containing H| |
| MUC13 | mucin 13, cell surface associated|Epithelial mucins, such as MUC13, are a family of secreted and cell surface glycoproteins expressed by ductal and glandular epithelial tissues (Williams et al., 2001 [PubMed 11278439]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2008] |
| TNS1 | tensin 1|The protein encoded by this gene localizes to focal adhesions, regions of the plasma membrane where the cell attaches to the extracellular matrix. This protein crosslinks actin filaments and contains a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, which is often found in molecules involved in signal transduction. This protein is a substrate of calpain II. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| PPP1R9B | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 9B|This gene encodes a scaffold protein that functions as a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1a. Expression of this gene is particularly high in dendritic spines, suggesting that the encoded protein may play a role in receiving signals from the central nervous system. The encoded protein has putative tumor suppressor function and decreased expression has been observed in tumors. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| WDTC1 | WD and tetratricopeptide repeats 1| |
| MBTD1 | mbt domain containing 1| |
| SYAP1 | synapse associated protein 1| |
| ANGPTL7 | angiopoietin-like 7| |
| ANGPTL6 | angiopoietin-like 6| |
| POP1 | processing of precursor 1, ribonuclease P/MRP subunit (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes the protein subunit of two different small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complexes: the endoribonuclease for mitochondrial RNA processing complex and the ribonuclease P complex. The encoded protein is a ribonuclease that localizes to the nucleus and functions in pre-RNA processing. This protein is also an autoantigen in patients suffering from connective tissue diseases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| ANGPTL4 | angiopoietin-like 4|This gene encodes a glycosylated, secreted protein containing a C-terminal fibrinogen domain. The encoded protein is induced by peroxisome proliferation activators and functions as a serum hormone that regulates glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. This protein can also act as an apoptosis survival factor for vascular endothelial cells and can prevent metastasis by inhibiting vascular growth and tumor cell invasion. The C-terminal domain may be proteolytically-cleaved from the full-length secreted protein. Decreased expression of this gene has been associated with type 2 diabetes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. This gene was previously referred to as ANGPTL2 but has been renamed ANGPTL4. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| ANGPTL3 | angiopoietin-like 3|This gene encodes a member of a family of secreted proteins that function in angiogenesis. The encoded protein, which is expressed predominantly in the liver, is further processed into an N-terminal coiled-coil domain-containing chain and a C-terminal fibrinogen chain. The N-terminal chain is important for lipid metablism, while the C-terminal chain may be involved in angiogenesis. Mutations in this gene cause familial hypobetalipoproteinemia type 2. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013] |
| ANGPTL2 | angiopoietin-like 2|Angiopoietins are members of the vascular endothelial growth factor family and the only known growth factors largely specific for vascular endothelium. Angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, and angiopoietin-4 participate in the formation of blood vessels. ANGPTL2 protein is a secreted glycoprotein with homology to the angiopoietins and may exert a function on endothelial cells through autocrine or paracrine action. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPR119 | G protein-coupled receptor 119|This gene encodes a member of the rhodopsin subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors that is expressed in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract. The encoded protein is activated by lipid amides including lysophosphatidylcholine and oleoylethanolamide and may be involved in glucose homeostasis. This protein is a potential drug target in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| GSTM1 | glutathione S-transferase mu 1|Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-transferase that belongs to the mu class. The mu class of enzymes functions in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with glutathione. The genes encoding the mu class of enzymes are organized in a gene cluster on chromosome 1p13.3 and are known to be highly polymorphic. These genetic variations can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of certain drugs. Null mutations of this class mu gene have been linked with an increase in a number of cancers, likely due to an increased susceptibility to environmental toxins and carcinogens. Multiple protein isoforms are encoded by transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACE2 | angiotensin I converting enzyme 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme family of dipeptidyl carboxydipeptidases and has considerable homology to human angiotensin 1 converting enzyme. This secreted protein catalyzes the cleavage of angiotensin I into angiotensin 1-9, and angiotensin II into the vasodilator angiotensin 1-7. The organ- and cell-specific expression of this gene suggests that it may play a role in the regulation of cardiovascular and renal function, as well as fertility. In addition, the encoded protein is a functional receptor for the spike glycoprotein of the human coronaviruses SARS and HCoV-NL63. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPR115 | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor F4| |
| GPR114 | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G5| |
| GPR113 | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor F3| |
| GPR112 | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G4|This gene encodes a G-protein coupled receptor belonging to a large family of diverse integral membrane proteins that participate in various physiological functions. Members of this superfamily are characterized by a signature 7-transmembrane domain motif. The ligand for this family member is unknown, and it is therefore an orphan receptor. This receptor is known to be expressed in normal enterochromaffin cells and in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinoma cells, and it is therefore considered to be a novel biomarker or target for immunotherapy. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| CTCF | CCCTC-binding factor (zinc finger protein)|This gene is a member of the BORIS + CTCF gene family and encodes a transcriptional regulator protein with 11 highly conserved zinc finger (ZF) domains. This nuclear protein is able to use different combinations of the ZF domains to bind different DNA target sequences and proteins. Depending upon the context of the site, the protein can bind a histone acetyltransferase (HAT)-containing complex and function as a transcriptional activator or bind a histone deacetylase (HDAC)-containing complex and function as a transcriptional repressor. If the protein is bound to a transcriptional insulator element, it can block communication between enhancers and upstream promoters, thereby regulating imprinted expression. Mutations in this gene have been associated with invasive breast cancers, prostate cancers, and Wilms' tumors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| SRSF10 | serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 10|This gene product is a member of the serine-arginine (SR) family of proteins, which are involved in constitutive and regulated RNA splicing. Members of this family are characterized by N-terminal RNP1 and RNP2 motifs, which are required for binding to RNA, and multiple C-terminal SR/RS repeats, which are important in mediating association with other cellular proteins. This protein interacts with the oncoprotein TLS, and abrogates the influence of TLS on adenovirus E1A pre-mRNA splicing. This gene has pseudogenes on chromosomes 4, 9, 14, 18, and 20. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| MMP14 | matrix metallopeptidase 14 (membrane-inserted)|Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. However, the protein encoded by this gene is a member of the membrane-type MMP (MT-MMP) subfamily; each member of this subfamily contains a potential transmembrane domain suggesting that these proteins are expressed at the cell surface rather than secreted. This protein activates MMP2 protein, and this activity may be involved in tumor invasion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RASGRP3 | RAS guanyl releasing protein 3 (calcium and DAG-regulated)|Members of the RAS (see HRAS; MIM 190020) subfamily of GTPases function in signal transduction as GTP/GDP-regulated switches that cycle between inactive GDP- and active GTP-bound states. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), such as RASGRP3, serve as RAS activators by promoting acquisition of GTP to maintain the active GTP-bound state and are the key link between cell surface receptors and RAS activation (Rebhun et al., 2000 [PubMed 10934204]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MMP16 | matrix metallopeptidase 16 (membrane-inserted)|Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. The encoded protein activates MMP2 by cleavage. This gene was once referred to as MT-MMP2, but was renamed as MT-MMP3 or MMP16. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| GSTM3 | glutathione S-transferase mu 3 (brain)|Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-transferase that belongs to the mu class. The mu class of enzymes functions in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with glutathione. The genes encoding the mu class of enzymes are organized in a gene cluster on chromosome 1p13.3 and are known to be highly polymorphic. These genetic variations can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of certain drugs. Mutations of this class mu gene have been linked with a slight increase in a number of cancers, likely due to exposure with environmental toxins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| MMP10 | matrix metallopeptidase 10|Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. The enzyme encoded by this gene degrades proteoglycans and fibronectin. The gene is part of a cluster of MMP genes which localize to chromosome 11q22.3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SEC23IP | SEC23 interacting protein|This gene encodes a member of the phosphatidic acid preferring-phospholipase A1 family. The encoded protein is localized to endoplasmic reticulum exit sites and plays a critical role in ER-Golgi transport as part of the multimeric coat protein II complex. An orthologous gene in frogs is required for normal neural crest cell development, suggesting that this gene may play a role in Waardenburg syndrome neural crest defects. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| MMP12 | matrix metallopeptidase 12|Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. It is thought that the protein encoded by this gene is cleaved at both ends to yield the active enzyme, but this processing has not been fully described. The enzyme degrades soluble and insoluble elastin. It may play a role in aneurysm formation and studies in mice suggest a role in the development of emphysema. The gene is part of a cluster of MMP genes which localize to chromosome 11q22.3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MMP13 | matrix metallopeptidase 13|Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. The protein encoded by this gene cleaves type II collagen more efficiently than types I and III. It may be involved in articular cartilage turnover and cartilage pathophysiology associated with osteoarthritis. The gene is part of a cluster of MMP genes which localize to chromosome 11q22.3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DSTYK | dual serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinase|This gene encodes a dual serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinase which is expressed in multiple tissues. It is thought to function as a regulator of cell death. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| FKBP3 | FK506 binding protein 3, 25kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunophilin protein family, which play a role in immunoregulation and basic cellular processes involving protein folding and trafficking. This encoded protein is a cis-trans prolyl isomerase that binds the immunosuppressants FK506 and rapamycin, as well as histone deacetylases, the transcription factor YY1, casein kinase II, and nucleolin. It has a higher affinity for rapamycin than for FK506 and thus may be an important target molecule for immunosuppression by rapamycin. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| MMP19 | matrix metallopeptidase 19|This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins that are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. The encoded protein is secreted as an inactive proprotein, which is activated upon cleavage by extracellular proteases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| IL15 | interleukin 15|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that regulates T and natural killer cell activation and proliferation. This cytokine and interleukine 2 share many biological activities. They are found to bind common hematopoietin receptor subunits, and may compete for the same receptor, and thus negatively regulate each other's activity. The number of CD8+ memory cells is shown to be controlled by a balance between this cytokine and IL2. This cytokine induces the activation of JAK kinases, as well as the phosphorylation and activation of transcription activators STAT3, STAT5, and STAT6. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggested that this cytokine may increase the expression of apoptosis inhibitor BCL2L1/BCL-x(L), possibly through the transcription activation activity of STAT6, and thus prevent apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| MYO18A | myosin XVIIIA| |
| MYO18B | myosin XVIIIB|The protein encoded by this gene may regulate muscle-specific genes when in the nucleus and may influence intracellular trafficking when in the cytoplasm. The encoded protein functions as a homodimer and may interact with F actin. Mutations in this gene are associated with lung cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRG4 | proteoglycan 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a large proteoglycan that is synthesized by chondrocytes located at the surface of articular cartilage and by some synovial lining cells. This protein contains both chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate glycosaminoglycans. It functions as a boundary lubricant at the cartilage surface and contributes to the elastic absorption and energy dissipation of synovial fluid. Mutations in this gene result in camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| PRG2 | proteoglycan 2, bone marrow (natural killer cell activator, eosinophil granule major basic protein)|The protein encoded by this gene is the predominant constituent of the crystalline core of the eosinophil granule. High levels of the proform of this protein are also present in placenta and pregnancy serum, where it exists as a complex with several other proteins including pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPPA), angiotensinogen (AGT), and C3dg. This protein may be involved in antiparasitic defense mechanisms as a cytotoxin and helminthotoxin, and in immune hypersensitivity reactions. The encoded protein contains a peptide that displays potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. It is directly implicated in epithelial cell damage, exfoliation, and bronchospasm in allergic diseases. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| ZNF219 | zinc finger protein 219| |
| CMTM4 | CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 4|This gene belongs to the chemokine-like factor gene superfamily, a novel family that is similar to the chemokine and the transmembrane 4 superfamilies of signaling molecules. This gene is one of several chemokine-like factor genes located in a cluster on chromosome 16. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HSCB | HscB mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster co-chaperone| |
| PPP1R15A | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 15A|This gene is a member of a group of genes whose transcript levels are increased following stressful growth arrest conditions and treatment with DNA-damaging agents. The induction of this gene by ionizing radiation occurs in certain cell lines regardless of p53 status, and its protein response is correlated with apoptosis following ionizing radiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPP1R1C | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1C|Protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) is a major serine/threonine phosphatase that regulates a variety of cellular functions. PP1 consists of a catalytic subunit (see PPP1CA; MIM 176875) and regulatory subunits that determine the subcellular localization of PP1 or regulate its function. PPP1R1C belongs to a group of PP1 inhibitory subunits that are themselves regulated by phosphorylation (Wang et al., 2008 [PubMed 18310074]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2010] |
| PPP1R1B | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1B|This gene encodes a bifunctional signal transduction molecule. Dopaminergic and glutamatergic receptor stimulation regulates its phosphorylation and function as a kinase or phosphatase inhibitor. As a target for dopamine, this gene may serve as a therapeutic target for neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| GCG | glucagon|The protein encoded by this gene is actually a preproprotein that is cleaved into four distinct mature peptides. One of these, glucagon, is a pancreatic hormone that counteracts the glucose-lowering action of insulin by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Glucagon is a ligand for a specific G-protein linked receptor whose signalling pathway controls cell proliferation. Two of the other peptides are secreted from gut endocrine cells and promote nutrient absorption through distinct mechanisms. Finally, the fourth peptide is similar to glicentin, an active enteroglucagon. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GSX2 | GS homeobox 2| |
| TIMM23B | translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23 homolog B (yeast)| |
| PPP1R15B | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 15B|PPP1R15B promotes dephosphorylation of the transcription initiation factor EIF2-alpha (EIF2S1; MIM 603907) through recruitment of protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) catalytic subunits (see MIM 176875) (Harding et al., 2009 [PubMed 19181853]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2010] |
| NF2 | neurofibromin 2 (merlin)|This gene encodes a protein that is similar to some members of the ERM (ezrin, radixin, moesin) family of proteins that are thought to link cytoskeletal components with proteins in the cell membrane. This gene product has been shown to interact with cell-surface proteins, proteins involved in cytoskeletal dynamics and proteins involved in regulating ion transport. This gene is expressed at high levels during embryonic development; in adults, significant expression is found in Schwann cells, meningeal cells, lens and nerve. Mutations in this gene are associated with neurofibromatosis type II which is characterized by nervous system and skin tumors and ocular abnormalities. Two predominant isoforms and a number of minor isoforms are produced by alternatively spliced transcripts. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NF1 | neurofibromin 1|This gene product appears to function as a negative regulator of the ras signal transduction pathway. Mutations in this gene have been linked to neurofibromatosis type 1, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia and Watson syndrome. The mRNA for this gene is subject to RNA editing (CGA>UGA->Arg1306Term) resulting in premature translation termination. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have also been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CMTM5 | CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 5|This gene encodes a member of the chemokine-like factor superfamily. This family of genes encodes multi-pass membrane proteins that are similar to both the chemokine and the transmembrane 4 superfamilies of signaling molecules. The encoded protein may exhibit tumor suppressor activity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| BLMH | bleomycin hydrolase|Bleomycin hydrolase (BMH) is a cytoplasmic cysteine peptidase that is highly conserved through evolution; however, the only known activity of the enzyme is metabolic inactivation of the glycopeptide bleomycin (BLM), an essential component of combination chemotherapy regimens for cancer. The protein contains the signature active site residues of the cysteine protease papain superfamily. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDAN1 | codanin 1|This gene encodes a protein that appears to play a role in nuclear envelope integrity, possibly related to microtubule attachments. Mutations in this gene cause congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I, a disease resulting in morphological and functional abnormalities of erythropoiesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| IL5RA | interleukin 5 receptor, alpha|The protein encoded by this gene is an interleukin 5 specific subunit of a heterodimeric cytokine receptor. The receptor is comprised of a ligand specific alpha subunit and a signal transducing beta subunit shared by the receptors for interleukin 3 (IL3), colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2/GM-CSF), and interleukin 5 (IL5). The binding of this protein to IL5 depends on the beta subunit. The beta subunit is activated by the ligand binding, and is required for the biological activities of IL5. This protein has been found to interact with syndecan binding protein (syntenin), which is required for IL5 mediated activation of the transcription factor SOX4. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding four distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| KCNK18 | potassium channel, two pore domain subfamily K, member 18|Potassium channels play a role in many cellular processes including maintenance of the action potential, muscle contraction, hormone secretion, osmotic regulation, and ion flow. This gene encodes a member of the superfamily of potassium channel proteins containing two pore-forming P domains and the encoded protein functions as an outward rectifying potassium channel. A mutation in this gene has been found to be associated with migraine with aura.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| FAM133B | family with sequence similarity 133, member B| |
| KCNK17 | potassium channel, two pore domain subfamily K, member 17|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of potassium channel proteins containing two pore-forming P domains. This channel is an open rectifier which primarily passes outward current under physiological K+ concentrations. This gene is activated at alkaline pH. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| KCNK15 | potassium channel, two pore domain subfamily K, member 15|This gene encodes one of the members of the superfamily of potassium channel proteins containing two pore-forming P domains. The product of this gene has not been shown to be a functional channel, however, it may require other non-pore-forming proteins for activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZC2HC1C | zinc finger, C2HC-type containing 1C| |
| KCNK10 | potassium channel, two pore domain subfamily K, member 10|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of potassium channel proteins containing two pore-forming P domains. This channel is an open rectifier which primarily passes outward current under physiological K+ concentrations, and is stimulated strongly by arachidonic acid and to a lesser degree by membrane stretching, intracellular acidification, and general anaesthetics. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| NCAPD3 | non-SMC condensin II complex, subunit D3|Condensin complexes I and II play essential roles in mitotic chromosome assembly and segregation. Both condensins contain 2 invariant structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) subunits, SMC2 (MIM 605576) and SMC4 (MIM 605575), but they contain different sets of non-SMC subunits. NCAPD3 is 1 of 3 non-SMC subunits that define condensin II (Ono et al., 2003 [PubMed 14532007]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PPP1R11 | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 11|This gene encodes a specific inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) with a differential sensitivity toward the metal-independent and metal-dependent forms of PP1. The gene is located within the major histocompatibility complex class I region on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPP1R10 | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 10|This gene encodes a protein phosphatase 1 binding protein. The encoded protein plays a role in many cellular processes including cell cycle progression, DNA repair and apoptosis by regulating the activity of protein phosphatase 1. This gene lies within the major histocompatibility complex class I region on chromosome 6, and alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| MMACHC | methylmalonic aciduria (cobalamin deficiency) cblC type, with homocystinuria|The exact function of the protein encoded by this gene is not known, however, its C-terminal region shows similarity to TonB, a bacterial protein involved in energy transduction for cobalamin (vitamin B12) uptake. Hence, it is postulated that this protein may have a role in the binding and intracellular trafficking of cobalamin. Mutations in this gene are associated with methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria type cblC. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| PPP1R17 | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 17|The protein encoded by this gene is found primarily in cerebellar Purkinje cells, where it functions as a protein phosphatase inhibitor. The encoded protein is a substrate for cGMP-dependent protein kinase. An allele of this gene was discovered that increases susceptibility to hypercholesterolemia. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| PPP1R18 | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 18|Protein phosphatase-1 (PP1; see MIM 176875) interacts with regulatory subunits that target the enzyme to different cellular locations and change its activity toward specific substrates. Phostensin is a regulatory subunit that targets PP1 to F-actin (see MIM 102610) cytoskeleton (Kao et al., 2007 [PubMed 17374523]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| C7orf25 | chromosome 7 open reading frame 25| |
| C7orf26 | chromosome 7 open reading frame 26| |
| SLC9A3 | solute carrier family 9, subfamily A (NHE3, cation proton antiporter 3), member 3| |
| TCN1 | transcobalamin I (vitamin B12 binding protein, R binder family)|This gene encodes a member of the vitamin B12-binding protein family. This family of proteins, alternatively referred to as R binders, is expressed in various tissues and secretions. This protein is a major constituent of secondary granules in neutrophils and facilitates the transport of cobalamin into cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TCN2 | transcobalamin II|This gene encodes a member of the vitamin B12-binding protein family. This family of proteins, alternatively referred to as R binders, is expressed in various tissues and secretions. This plasma protein binds cobalamin and mediates the transport of cobalamin into cells. This protein and other mammalian cobalamin-binding proteins, such as transcobalamin I and gastric intrisic factor, may have evolved by duplication of a common ancestral gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| ZNF426 | zinc finger protein 426| |
| ZNF350 | zinc finger protein 350| |
| ZNF423 | zinc finger protein 423|The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear protein that belongs to the family of Kruppel-like C2H2 zinc finger proteins. It functions as a DNA-binding transcription factor by using distinct zinc fingers in different signaling pathways. Thus, it is thought that this gene may have multiple roles in signal transduction during development. Mutations in this gene are associated with nephronophthisis-14 and Joubert syndrome-19. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| ZNF420 | zinc finger protein 420| |
| SIRPB1 | signal-regulatory protein beta 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the signal-regulatory-protein (SIRP) family, and also belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. SIRP family members are receptor-type transmembrane glycoproteins known to be involved in the negative regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase-coupled signaling processes. This protein was found to interact with TYROBP/DAP12, a protein bearing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs. This protein was also reported to participate in the recruitment of tyrosine kinase SYK. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| ATXN7 | ataxin 7|The autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (ADCA) are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of the cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord. Clinically, ADCA has been divided into three groups: ADCA types I-III. ADCAI is genetically heterogeneous, with five genetic loci, designated spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6, being assigned to five different chromosomes. ADCAII, which always presents with retinal degeneration (SCA7), and ADCAIII often referred to as the 'pure' cerebellar syndrome (SCA5), are most likely homogeneous disorders. Several SCA genes have been cloned and shown to contain CAG repeats in their coding regions. ADCA is caused by the expansion of the CAG repeats, producing an elongated polyglutamine tract in the corresponding protein. The expanded repeats are variable in size and unstable, usually increasing in size when transmitted to successive generations. This locus has been mapped to chromosome 3, and it has been determined that the diseased allele associated with spinocerebellar ataxia-7 contains 38-130 CAG repeats (near the N-terminus), compared to 7-17 in the normal allele. The encoded protein is a component of the SPT3/TAF9/GCN5 acetyltransferase (STAGA) and TBP-free TAF-containing (TFTC) chromatin remodeling complexes, and it thus plays a role in transcriptional regulation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| ZNF358 | zinc finger protein 358| |
| ATXN3 | ataxin 3|Machado-Joseph disease, also known as spinocerebellar ataxia-3, is an autosomal dominant neurologic disorder. The protein encoded by this gene contains (CAG)n repeats in the coding region, and the expansion of these repeats from the normal 13-36 to 68-79 is one cause of Machado-Joseph disease. There is a negative correlation between the age of onset and CAG repeat numbers. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| ZNF428 | zinc finger protein 428| |
| ZNF429 | zinc finger protein 429| |
| SOAT2 | sterol O-acyltransferase 2|Summary:This gene is a member of a small family of acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferases. The gene encodes a membrane-bound enzyme localized in the endoplasmic reticulum that produces intracellular cholesterol esters from long-chain fatty acyl CoA and cholesterol. The cholesterol esters are then stored as cytoplasmic lipid droplets inside the cell. The enzyme is implicated in cholesterol absorption in the intestine and in the assembly and secretion of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins such as very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but their full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COLGALT2 | collagen beta(1-O)galactosyltransferase 2| |
| SOAT1 | sterol O-acyltransferase 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the acyltransferase family. It is located in the endoplasmic reticulum, and catalyzes the formation of fatty acid-cholesterol esters. This gene has been implicated in the formation of beta-amyloid and atherosclerotic plaques by controlling the equilibrium between free cholesterol and cytoplasmic cholesteryl esters. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| OR8D2 | olfactory receptor, family 8, subfamily D, member 2 (gene/pseudogene)|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SCMH1 | sex comb on midleg homolog 1 (Drosophila)| |
| SRGAP1 | SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 1| |
| SRGAP3 | SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 3| |
| SRGAP2 | SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 2|This locus encodes a member of the SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein family. The encoded protein stimulates GTPase activity of Rac1, and plays a role in cortical neuron development. This locus has several paralogs on human chromosome 1 resulting from segmental duplication. While this locus itself is conserved among various species, the paralogs are found only in the genus Homo, and not in the genomes of non-human great apes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this locus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| EFHD1 | EF-hand domain family, member D1|EFHD1 is an EF-hand domain-containing protein that displays increased expression during neuronal differentiation (Tominaga and Tomooka, 2002 [PubMed 12270117]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| DLK1 | delta-like 1 homolog (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a transmembrane protein containing six epidermal growth factor repeats. The protein is involved in the differentiation of several cell types, including adipocytes; it is also thought to be a tumor suppressor. It is one of several imprinted genes located in a region of on chr 14q32. Certain mutations in this imprinted region can cause phenotypes similar to maternal and paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 (UPD14). This gene is expressed from the paternal allele. A polymorphism within this gene has been associated with child and adolescent obesity. The mode of inheritance for this polymorphism is polar overdominance; this non-Mendelian inheritance pattern was first described in sheep with the callipyge phenotype, which is characterized by muscle hypertrophy and decreased fat mass. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| DLK2 | delta-like 2 homolog (Drosophila)| |
| CCDC181 | coiled-coil domain containing 181| |
| CCDC180 | coiled-coil domain containing 180| |
| AP1AR | adaptor-related protein complex 1 associated regulatory protein| |
| GPRC5C | G protein-coupled receptor, class C, group 5, member C|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the type 3 G protein-coupled receptor family. Members of this superfamily are characterized by a signature 7-transmembrane domain motif. The specific function of this protein is unknown; however, this protein may mediate the cellular effects of retinoic acid on the G protein signal transduction cascade. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPRC5B | G protein-coupled receptor, class C, group 5, member B|This gene encodes a member of the type 3 G protein-coupled receptor family. Members of this superfamily are characterized by a signature 7-transmembrane domain motif. The encoded protein may modulate insulin secretion and increased protein expression is associated with type 2 diabetes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| NEDD8 | neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 8| |
| NEDD9 | neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 9|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CRK-associated substrates family. Members of this family are adhesion docking molecules that mediate protein-protein interactions for signal transduction pathways. This protein is a focal adhesion protein that acts as a scaffold to regulate signaling complexes important in cell attachment, migration and invasion as well as apoptosis and the cell cycle. This protein has also been reported to have a role in cancer metastasis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| STRIP2 | striatin interacting protein 2| |
| ALG1L | ALG1, chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol beta-mannosyltransferase-like| |
| P2RY14 | purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 14|The product of this gene belongs to the family of G-protein coupled receptors, which contains several receptor subtypes with different pharmacological selectivity for various adenosine and uridine nucleotides. This receptor is a P2Y purinergic receptor for UDP-glucose and other UDP-sugars coupled to G-proteins. It has been implicated in extending the known immune system functions of P2Y receptors by participating in the regulation of the stem cell compartment, and it may also play a role in neuroimmune function. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NEDD1 | neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 1| |
| SMC3 | structural maintenance of chromosomes 3|This gene belongs to the SMC3 subfamily of SMC proteins. The encoded protein occurs in certain cell types as either an intracellular, nuclear protein or a secreted protein. The nuclear form, known as structural maintenance of chromosomes 3, is a component of the multimeric cohesin complex that holds together sister chromatids during mitosis, enabling proper chromosome segregation. Post-translational modification of the encoded protein by the addition of chondroitin sulfate chains gives rise to the secreted proteoglycan bamacan, an abundant basement membrane protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SMC2 | structural maintenance of chromosomes 2|Members of the structural maintenance of chromosomes, or SMC, family (e.g., SMC1A; MIM 300040) are critical for mitotic chromosome condensation in frogs and for DNA repair in mammals.[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| SMC5 | structural maintenance of chromosomes 5| |
| PYROXD2 | pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase domain 2| |
| PYROXD1 | pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase domain 1| |
| SMC6 | structural maintenance of chromosomes 6| |
| GARNL3 | GTPase activating Rap/RanGAP domain-like 3| |
| SFR1 | SWI5-dependent recombination repair 1| |
| MAGEB2 | melanoma antigen family B2|This gene is a member of the MAGEB gene family. The members of this family have their entire coding sequences located in the last exon, and the encoded proteins show 50 to 68% sequence identity to each other. The promoters and first exons of the MAGEB genes show considerable variability, suggesting that the existence of this gene family enables the same function to be expressed under different transcriptional controls. This gene is localized in the DSS (dosage-sensitive sex reversal) critical region. It is expressed in testis and placenta, and in a significant fraction of tumors of various histological types. The MAGEB genes are clustered on chromosome Xp22-p21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AREL1 | apoptosis resistant E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1| |
| WBSCR17 | Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosome region 17|This gene encodes an N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. This gene is located centromeric to the common deleted region in Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS), a multisystem developmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at 7q11.23. This protein may play a role in membrane trafficking. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| ABTB1 | ankyrin repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 1|This gene encodes a protein with an ankyrin repeat region and two BTB/POZ domains, which are thought to be involved in protein-protein interactions. Expression of this gene is activated by the phosphatase and tensin homolog, a tumor suppressor. Alternate splicing results in three transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| SMCP | sperm mitochondria-associated cysteine-rich protein|Sperm mitochondria differ in morphology and subcellular localization from those of somatic cells. They are elongated, flattened, and arranged circumferentially to form a helical coiled sheath in the midpiece of the sperm flagellum. The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the capsule associated with the mitochondrial outer membranes and is thought to function in the organization and stabilization of the helical structure of the sperm's mitochondrial sheath. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LEPR | leptin receptor|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the gp130 family of cytokine receptors that are known to stimulate gene transcription via activation of cytosolic STAT proteins. This protein is a receptor for leptin (an adipocyte-specific hormone that regulates body weight), and is involved in the regulation of fat metabolism, as well as in a novel hematopoietic pathway that is required for normal lymphopoiesis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with obesity and pituitary dysfunction. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. It is noteworthy that this gene and LEPROT gene (GeneID:54741) share the same promoter and the first 2 exons, however, encode distinct proteins (PMID:9207021).[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| KIAA0226 | KIAA0226|The protein encoded by this gene is a negative regulator of autophagy and endocytic trafficking and controls endosome maturation. This protein contains two conserved domains, an N-terminal RUN domain and a C-terminal DUF4206 domain. The RUN domain is involved in Ras-like GTPase signaling, and the DUF4206 domain contains a diacylglycerol (DAG) binding-like motif. Mutation in this gene results in deletion of the DAG binding-like motif and causes a recessive ataxia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| LTB | lymphotoxin beta (TNF superfamily, member 3)|Lymphotoxin beta is a type II membrane protein of the TNF family. It anchors lymphotoxin-alpha to the cell surface through heterotrimer formation. The predominant form on the lymphocyte surface is the lymphotoxin-alpha 1/beta 2 complex (e.g. 1 molecule alpha/2 molecules beta) and this complex is the primary ligand for the lymphotoxin-beta receptor. The minor complex is lymphotoxin-alpha 2/beta 1. LTB is an inducer of the inflammatory response system and involved in normal development of lymphoid tissue. Lymphotoxin-beta isoform b is unable to complex with lymphotoxin-alpha suggesting a function for lymphotoxin-beta which is independent of lympyhotoxin-alpha. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LTA | lymphotoxin alpha|The encoded protein, a member of the tumor necrosis factor family, is a cytokine produced by lymphocytes. The protein is highly inducible, secreted, and forms heterotrimers with lymphotoxin-beta which anchor lymphotoxin-alpha to the cell surface. This protein also mediates a large variety of inflammatory, immunostimulatory, and antiviral responses, is involved in the formation of secondary lymphoid organs during development and plays a role in apoptosis. Genetic variations in this gene are associated with susceptibility to leprosy type 4, myocardial infarction, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and psoriatic arthritis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| GRIPAP1 | GRIP1 associated protein 1|This gene encodes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the Ras family of small G proteins (RasGEF). The encoded protein interacts in a complex with glutamate receptor interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) and plays a role in the regulation of AMPA receptor function. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| TINAG | tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen|This gene encodes a glycoprotein that is restricted within the kidney to the basement membranes underlying the epithelium of Bowman's capsule and proximal and distal tubules. Autoantibodies against this protein are found in sera of patients with tubulointerstital nephritis, membranous nephropathy and anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis. Ontogeny studies suggest that the expression of this antigen is developmentally regulated in a precise spatial and temporal pattern throughout nephrogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| LTF | lactotransferrin|This gene is a member of the transferrin family of genes and its protein product is found in the secondary granules of neutrophils. The protein is a major iron-binding protein in milk and body secretions with an antimicrobial activity, making it an important component of the non-specific immune system. The protein demonstrates a broad spectrum of properties, including regulation of iron homeostasis, host defense against a broad range of microbial infections, anti-inflammatory activity, regulation of cellular growth and differentiation and protection against cancer development and metastasis. Antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic activity has been found for this protein and its peptides. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| ALG10 | ALG10, alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase|This gene encodes a membrane-associated protein that adds the third glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation. That is, it transfers the terminal glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) onto the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Glc2Man9GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol. The rat protein homolog was shown to specifically modulate the gating function of the rat neuronal ether-a-go-go (EAG) potassium ion channel. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| ALG11 | ALG11, alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase|This gene encodes a GDP-Man:Man3GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol-alpha1,2-mannosyltransferase which is localized to the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and catalyzes the transfer of the fourth and fifth mannose residue from GDP-mannose (GDP-Man) to Man3GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol and Man4GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol resulting in the production of Man5GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol. Mutations in this gene are associated with congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ip (CDGIP). This gene overlaps but is distinct from the UTP14, U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein, homolog C (yeast) gene. A pseudogene of the GDP-Man:Man3GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol-alpha1,2-mannosyltransferase has been identified on chromosome 19. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| ALG12 | ALG12, alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase|This gene encodes a member of the glycosyltransferase 22 family. The encoded protein catalyzes the addition of the eighth mannose residue in an alpha-1,6 linkage onto the dolichol-PP-oligosaccharide precursor (dolichol-PP-Man(7)GlcNAc(2)) required for protein glycosylation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ig (CDG-Ig)characterized by abnormal N-glycosylation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SHISA5 | shisa family member 5|This gene encodes a member of the shisa family. The encoded protein is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, and together with p53 induces apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| ALG14 | ALG14, UDP-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit|This gene is a member of the glycosyltransferase 1 family. The encoded protein and ALG13 are thought to be subunits of UDP-GlcNAc transferase, which catalyzes the first two committed steps in endoplasmic reticulum N-linked glycosylation. Mutations in this gene have been linked to congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMSWTA). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015] |
| OFD1 | oral-facial-digital syndrome 1|This gene is located on the X chromosome and encodes a centrosomal protein. A knockout mouse model has been used to study the effect of mutations in this gene. The mouse gene is also located on the X chromosome, however, unlike the human gene it is not subject to X inactivation. Mutations in this gene are associated with oral-facial-digital syndrome type I and Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome type 2. Many pseudogenes have been identified; a single pseudogene is found on chromosome 5 while as many as fifteen have been found on the Y chromosome. Alternatively spliced transcripts have been described for this gene but the biological validity of these transcripts has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RIOK2 | RIO kinase 2| |
| RIOK3 | RIO kinase 3|This gene was identified by the similarity of its product to the Aspergillus nidulans SUDD protein, an extragenic suppressor of the heat-sensitive bimD6 mutation that fails to attach properly to the spindle microtubules at a restrictive temperature. The specific function of this gene has not yet been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RIOK1 | RIO kinase 1|This gene includes two alternatively spliced transcript variants, which encode different isoforms. The function of this gene has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LTV1 | LTV1 ribosome biogenesis factor| |
| MICALL1 | MICAL-like 1| |
| MICALL2 | MICAL-like 2| |
| DDHD2 | DDHD domain containing 2|This gene encodes a phospholipase enzyme containing sterile-alpha-motif (SAM), WWE, and DDHD domains. This protein participates in membrane trafficking between the endoplastic reticulum and the Golgi body. Mutations in this gene can cause autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia 54. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| NAAA | N-acylethanolamine acid amidase|This gene encodes an N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing enzyme which is highly similar to acid ceramidase. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BANF1 | barrier to autointegration factor 1|The protein encoded by this gene was first identified by its ability to protect retroviruses from intramolecular integration and therefore promote intermolecular integration into the host cell genome. The protein forms a homodimer which localizes to both the nucleus and cytoplasm and is specifically associated with chromosomes during mitosis. This protein binds to double stranded DNA in a non-specific manner and also binds to LEM-domain containing proteins of the nuclear envelope. This protein is thought to facilitate nuclear reassembly by binding with both DNA and inner nuclear membrane proteins and thereby recruit chromatin to the nuclear periphery. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| MEF2BNB | MEF2B neighbor| |
| RBMS1 | RNA binding motif, single stranded interacting protein 1|This gene encodes a member of a small family of proteins which bind single stranded DNA/RNA. These proteins are characterized by the presence of two sets of ribonucleoprotein consensus sequence (RNP-CS) that contain conserved motifs, RNP1 and RNP2, originally described in RNA binding proteins, and required for DNA binding. These proteins have been implicated in such diverse functions as DNA replication, gene transcription, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Several transcript variants, resulting from alternative splicing and encoding different isoforms, have been described. A pseudogene for this locus is found on chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| LMOD1 | leiomodin 1 (smooth muscle)|The leiomodin 1 protein has a putative membrane-spanning region and 2 types of tandemly repeated blocks. The transcript is expressed in all tissues tested, with the highest levels in thyroid, eye muscle, skeletal muscle, and ovary. Increased expression of leiomodin 1 may be linked to Graves' disease and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LMOD3 | leiomodin 3 (fetal)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the leiomodin family of proteins. This protein contains three actin-binding domains, a tropomyosin domain, a leucine-rich repeat domain, and a Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein homology 2 domain (WH2). Localization of this protein to the pointed ends of thin filaments has been observed, and there is evidence that this protein acts as a catalyst of actin nucleation, and is important to the organization of sarcomeric thin filaments in skeletal muscles. Mutations in this gene have been associated as one cause of Nemaline myopathy, as other genes have also been linked to this disorder. Nemaline myopathy is a disorder characterized by nonprogressive generalized muscle weakness and protein inclusions (nemaline bodies) in skeletal myofibers. Patients with mutations in this gene often present with a severe congenital form of the disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| CNOT2 | CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 2|This gene encodes a subunit of the multi-component CCR4-NOT complex. The CCR4-NOT complex regulates mRNA synthesis and degradation and is also thought to be involved in mRNA splicing, transport and localization. The encoded protein interacts with histone deacetylases and functions as a repressor of polymerase II transcription. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| AHSP | alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein| |
| PLA2G12A | phospholipase A2, group XIIA|Secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) enzymes liberate arachidonic acid from phospholipids for production of eicosanoids and exert a variety of physiologic and pathologic effects. Group XII sPLA2s, such as PLA2G12A, have relatively low specific activity and are structurally and functionally distinct from other sPLA2s (Gelb et al., 2000 [PubMed 11031251]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ARL8B | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 8B| |
| ARL8A | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 8A| |
| CALML6 | calmodulin-like 6| |
| LTA4H | leukotriene A4 hydrolase| |
| C1orf68 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 68| |
| TTC7B | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7B| |
| TTC7A | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A|This gene encodes a protein containing tetratricopeptide repeats. Mutations in this gene disrupt intestinal development and can cause early onset inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal atresia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| C1orf61 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 61| |
| GYG1 | glycogenin 1|This gene encodes a member of the glycogenin family. Glycogenin is a glycosyltransferase that catalyzes the formation of a short glucose polymer from uridine diphosphate glucose in an autoglucosylation reaction. This reaction is followed by elongation and branching of the polymer, catalyzed by glycogen synthase and branching enzyme, to form glycogen. This gene is expressed in muscle and other tissues. Mutations in this gene result in glycogen storage disease XV. This gene has pseudogenes on chromosomes 1, 8 and 13 respectively. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| PYGM | phosphorylase, glycogen, muscle|This gene encodes a muscle enzyme involved in glycogenolysis. Highly similar enzymes encoded by different genes are found in liver and brain. Mutations in this gene are associated with McArdle disease (myophosphorylase deficiency), a glycogen storage disease of muscle. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| C1orf64 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 64| |
| GYG2 | glycogenin 2|This gene encodes a member of the the glycogenin family. Glycogenin is a self-glucosylating protein involved in the initiation reactions of glycogen biosynthesis. A gene on chromosome 3 encodes the muscle glycogenin and this X-linked gene encodes the glycogenin mainly present in liver; both are involved in blood glucose homeostasis. This gene has a short version on chromosome Y, which is 3' truncated and can not make a functional protein. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| NUBP2 | nucleotide binding protein 2|This gene encodes an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and metal-binding protein that is required for the assembly of cyotosolic iron-sulfur proteins. The encoded protein functions in a heterotetramer with nucleotide-binding protein 1 (NUBP1). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2013] |
| TRIM8 | tripartite motif containing 8|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This protein localizes to nuclear bodies. Its structure is similar to some tumor suppressor proteins and its gene maps to a locus thought to contain tumor suppressor genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TWIST1 | twist family bHLH transcription factor 1|Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors have been implicated in cell lineage determination and differentiation. The protein encoded by this gene is a bHLH transcription factor and shares similarity with another bHLH transcription factor, Dermo1. The strongest expression of this mRNA is in placental tissue; in adults, mesodermally derived tissues express this mRNA preferentially. Mutations in this gene have been found in patients with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TWIST2 | twist family bHLH transcription factor 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a basic helix-loop-helix type transcription factor and shares similarity with Twist. This protein may inhibit osteoblast maturation and maintain cells in a preosteoblast phenotype during osteoblast development. This gene may be upregulated in certain cancers. Mutations in this gene cause focal facial dermal dysplasia 3, Setleis type. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| CDC25C | cell division cycle 25C|This gene is highly conserved during evolution and it plays a key role in the regulation of cell division. The encoded protein is a tyrosine phosphatase and belongs to the Cdc25 phosphatase family. It directs dephosphorylation of cyclin B-bound CDC2 and triggers entry into mitosis. It is also thought to suppress p53-induced growth arrest. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, however, the full-length nature of many of them is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPTBN2 | spectrin, beta, non-erythrocytic 2|Spectrins are principle components of a cell's membrane-cytoskeleton and are composed of two alpha and two beta spectrin subunits. The protein encoded by this gene (SPTBN2), is called spectrin beta non-erythrocytic 2 or beta-III spectrin. It is related to, but distinct from, the beta-II spectrin gene which is also known as spectrin beta non-erythrocytic 1 (SPTBN1). SPTBN2 regulates the glutamate signaling pathway by stabilizing the glutamate transporter EAAT4 at the surface of the plasma membrane. Mutations in this gene cause a form of spinocerebellar ataxia, SCA5, that is characterized by neurodegeneration, progressive locomotor incoordination, dysarthria, and uncoordinated eye movements. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| HNF1B | HNF1 homeobox B|This gene encodes a member of the homeodomain-containing superfamily of transcription factors. The protein binds to DNA as either a homodimer, or a heterodimer with the related protein hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha. The gene has been shown to function in nephron development, and regulates development of the embryonic pancreas. Mutations in this gene result in renal cysts and diabetes syndrome and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and expression of this gene is altered in some types of cancer. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| PFN3 | profilin 3|The product of this gene belongs to the profilin family of proteins. This protein binds to actin and affects the structure of the cytoskeleton. It also may be involved in spermatogenesis. It is a single exon gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CRISP3 | cysteine-rich secretory protein 3| |
| ADRA2B | adrenoceptor alpha 2B|This intronless gene encodes a seven-pass transmembrane protein. This protein is a member of a subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors that regulate neurotransmitter release from sympathetic nerves and from adrenergic neurons in the central nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| TMEM216 | transmembrane protein 216|This locus encodes a transmembrane domain-containing protein. Mutations at this locus have been associated with Meckel-Gruber Syndrome Type 2, and Joubert Syndrome 2, also known as Cerebello-oculorenal Syndrome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| KLF12 | Kruppel-like factor 12|Activator protein-2 alpha (AP-2 alpha) is a developmentally-regulated transcription factor and important regulator of gene expression during vertebrate development and carcinogenesis. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Kruppel-like zinc finger protein family and can repress expression of the AP-2 alpha gene by binding to a specific site in the AP-2 alpha gene promoter. Repression by the encoded protein requires binding with a corepressor, CtBP1. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PDIK1L | PDLIM1 interacting kinase 1 like| |
| IL37 | interleukin 37|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This cytokine can bind to, and may be a ligand for interleukin 18 receptor (IL18R1/IL-1Rrp). This cytokine also binds to interleukin 18 binding protein (IL18BP), an inhibitory binding protein of interleukin 18 (IL18), and subsequently forms a complex with IL18 receptor beta subunit, and through which it inhibits the activity of IL18. This gene along with eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. Five alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IL34 | interleukin 34|Interleukin-34 is a cytokine that promotes the differentiation and viability of monocytes and macrophages through the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R; MIM 164770) (Lin et al., 2008 [PubMed 18467591]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2008] |
| EBAG9 | estrogen receptor binding site associated, antigen, 9|This gene was identified as an estrogen-responsive gene. Regulation of transcription by estrogen is mediated by estrogen receptor, which binds to the estrogen-responsive element found in the 5'-flanking region of this gene. The encoded protein is a tumor-associated antigen that is expressed at high frequency in a variety of cancers. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene has been defined on chromosome 10. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| IL32 | interleukin 32|This gene encodes a member of the cytokine family. The protein contains a tyrosine sulfation site, 3 potential N-myristoylation sites, multiple putative phosphorylation sites, and an RGD cell-attachment sequence. Expression of this protein is increased after the activation of T-cells by mitogens or the activation of NK cells by IL-2. This protein induces the production of TNFalpha from macrophage cells. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IL33 | interleukin 33|IL33 (MIM 608678) is a member of the IL1 (see MIM 147760) family that potently drives production of T helper-2 (Th2)-associated cytokines (e.g., IL4; MIM 147780). IL33 is a ligand for IL33R (IL1RL1; MIM 601203), an IL1 family receptor that is selectively expressed on Th2 cells and mast cells (summary by Yagami et al., 2010 [PubMed 20926795]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2011] |
| ADRA2C | adrenoceptor alpha 2C|Alpha-2-adrenergic receptors are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. They include 3 highly homologous subtypes: alpha2A, alpha2B, and alpha2C. These receptors have a critical role in regulating neurotransmitter release from sympathetic nerves and from adrenergic neurons in the central nervous system. The mouse studies revealed that both the alpha2A and alpha2C subtypes were required for normal presynaptic control of transmitter release from sympathetic nerves in the heart and from central noradrenergic neurons. The alpha2A subtype inhibited transmitter release at high stimulation frequencies, whereas the alpha2C subtype modulated neurotransmission at lower levels of nerve activity. This gene encodes the alpha2C subtype, which contains no introns in either its coding or untranslated sequences. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VIL1 | villin 1|This gene encodes a member of a family of calcium-regulated actin-binding proteins. This protein represents a dominant part of the brush border cytoskeleton which functions in the capping, severing, and bundling of actin filaments. Two mRNAs of 2.7 kb and 3.5 kb have been observed; they result from utilization of alternate poly-adenylation signals present in the terminal exon. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIM3 | tripartite motif containing 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family, also called the 'RING-B-box-coiled-coil' (RBCC) subgroup of RING finger proteins. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This protein localizes to cytoplasmic filaments. It is similar to a rat protein which is a specific partner for the tail domain of myosin V, a class of myosins which are involved in the targeted transport of organelles. The rat protein can also interact with alpha-actinin-4. Thus it is suggested that this human protein may play a role in myosin V-mediated cargo transport. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same isoform have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIM2 | tripartite motif containing 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to cytoplasmic filaments. It plays a neuroprotective role and functions as an E3-ubiquitin ligase in proteasome-mediated degradation of target proteins. Mutations in this gene can cause early-onset axonal neuropathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| HMBOX1 | homeobox containing 1| |
| COX14 | COX14 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor|This gene encodes a small single-pass transmembrane protein that localizes to mitochondria. This protein may play a role in coordinating the early steps of cytochrome c oxidase (COX; also known as complex IV) subunit assembly and, in particular, the synthesis and assembly of the COX I subunit of the holoenzyme. Mutations in this gene have been associated with mitochondrial complex IV deficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| COX15 | cytochrome c oxidase assembly homolog 15 (yeast)|Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. This component is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may function in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes a protein which is not a structural subunit, but may be essential for the biogenesis of COX formation and may function in the hydroxylation of heme O, according to the yeast mutant studies. This protein is predicted to contain 5 transmembrane domains localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Alternative splicing of this gene generates two transcript variants diverging in the 3' region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COX16 | COX16 cytochrome c oxidase assembly homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| GDF2 | growth differentiation factor 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family and the TGF-beta superfamily. This group of proteins is characterized by a polybasic proteolytic processing site which is cleaved to produce a mature protein containing seven conserved cysteine residues. The members of this family are regulators of cell growth and differentiation in both embryonic and adult tissues. Studies in rodents suggest that this protein plays a role in the adult liver and in differentiation of cholinergic central nervous system neurons. Mutations in this gene are associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| CAMK2N2 | calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor 2|This gene encodes a protein that is highly similar to the rat CaM-KII inhibitory protein, an inhibitor of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMKII). CAMKII regulates numerous physiological functions, including neuronal synaptic plasticity through the phosphorylation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-type glutamate (AMPA) receptors. Studies of the similar protein in rat suggest that this protein may function as a negative regulator of CaM-KII and may act to inhibit the phosphorylation of AMPA receptors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CAMK2N1 | calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor 1| |
| COX17 | COX17 cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone|Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. This component is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may function in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes a protein which is not a structural subunit, but may be involved in the recruitment of copper to mitochondria for incorporation into the COX apoenzyme. This protein shares 92% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat Cox17 proteins. This gene is no longer considered to be a candidate gene for COX deficiency. A pseudogene COX17P has been found on chromosome 13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MDN1 | MDN1, midasin homolog (yeast)| |
| CBR1 | carbonyl reductase 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family, which function as NADPH-dependent oxidoreductases having wide specificity for carbonyl compounds, such as quinones, prostaglandins, and various xenobiotics. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| PDGFRA | platelet-derived growth factor receptor, alpha polypeptide|This gene encodes a cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor for members of the platelet-derived growth factor family. These growth factors are mitogens for cells of mesenchymal origin. The identity of the growth factor bound to a receptor monomer determines whether the functional receptor is a homodimer or a heterodimer, composed of both platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha and beta polypeptides. Studies suggest that this gene plays a role in organ development, wound healing, and tumor progression. Mutations in this gene have been associated with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, somatic and familial gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and a variety of other cancers. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| AGXT2 | alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a class III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent mitochondrial aminotransferase. It catalyzes the conversion of glyoxylate to glycine using L-alanine as the amino donor. It is an important regulator of methylarginines and is involved in the control of blood pressure in kidney. Polymorphisms in this gene affect methylarginine and beta-aminoisobutyrate metabolism, and are associated with carotid atherosclerosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| PTK2B | protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta|This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase which is involved in calcium-induced regulation of ion channels and activation of the map kinase signaling pathway. The encoded protein may represent an important signaling intermediate between neuropeptide-activated receptors or neurotransmitters that increase calcium flux and the downstream signals that regulate neuronal activity. The encoded protein undergoes rapid tyrosine phosphorylation and activation in response to increases in the intracellular calcium concentration, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation, membrane depolarization, or protein kinase C activation. This protein has been shown to bind CRK-associated substrate, nephrocystin, GTPase regulator associated with FAK, and the SH2 domain of GRB2. The encoded protein is a member of the FAK subfamily of protein tyrosine kinases but lacks significant sequence similarity to kinases from other subfamilies. Four transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CBR3 | carbonyl reductase 3|Carbonyl reductase 3 catalyzes the reduction of a large number of biologically and pharmacologically active carbonyl compounds to their corresponding alcohols. The enzyme is classified as a monomeric NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase. CBR3 contains three exons spanning 11.2 kilobases and is closely linked to another carbonyl reductase gene - CBR1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DAB2 | Dab, mitogen-responsive phosphoprotein, homolog 2 (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a mitogen-responsive phosphoprotein. It is expressed in normal ovarian epithelial cells, but is down-regulated or absent from ovarian carcinoma cell lines, suggesting its role as a tumor suppressor. This protein binds to the SH3 domains of GRB2, an adaptor protein that couples tyrosine kinase receptors to SOS (a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ras), via its C-terminal proline-rich sequences, and may thus modulate growth factor/Ras pathways by competing with SOS for binding to GRB2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| DAB1 | Dab, reelin signal transducer, homolog 1 (Drosophila)|The laminar organization of multiple neuronal types in the cerebral cortex is required for normal cognitive function. In mice, the disabled-1 gene plays a central role in brain development, directing the migration of cortical neurons past previously formed neurons to reach their proper layer. This gene is similar to disabled-1, and the protein encoded by this gene is thought to be a signal transducer that interacts with protein kinase pathways to regulate neuronal positioning in the developing brain. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been reported, but their full length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| POTEKP | POTE ankyrin domain family, member K, pseudogene| |
| HYOU1 | hypoxia up-regulated 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family. This gene uses alternative transcription start sites. A cis-acting segment found in the 5' UTR is involved in stress-dependent induction, resulting in the accumulation of this protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) under hypoxic conditions. The protein encoded by this gene is thought to play an important role in protein folding and secretion in the ER. Since suppression of the protein is associated with accelerated apoptosis, it is also suggested to have an important cytoprotective role in hypoxia-induced cellular perturbation. This protein has been shown to be up-regulated in tumors, especially in breast tumors, and thus it is associated with tumor invasiveness. This gene also has an alternative translation initiation site, resulting in a protein that lacks the N-terminal signal peptide. This signal peptide-lacking protein, which is only 3 amino acids shorter than the mature protein in the ER, is thought to have a housekeeping function in the cytosol. In rat, this protein localizes to both the ER by a carboxy-terminal peptide sequence and to mitochondria by an amino-terminal targeting signal. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| ANKRD13A | ankyrin repeat domain 13A| |
| MKLN1 | muskelin 1, intracellular mediator containing kelch motifs|Muskelin is an intracellular protein that acts as a mediator of cell spreading and cytoskeletal responses to the extracellular matrix component thrombospondin I (MIM 188060) (Adams et al., 1998 [PubMed 9724633]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| EEFSEC | eukaryotic elongation factor, selenocysteine-tRNA-specific| |
| NXF3 | nuclear RNA export factor 3|This gene is one member of a family of nuclear RNA export factor genes. Common domain features of this family are a noncanonical RNP-type RNA-binding domain (RBD), 4 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a nuclear transport factor 2 (NTF2)-like domain that allows heterodimerization with NTF2-related export protein-1 (NXT1), and a ubiquitin-associated domain that mediates interactions with nucleoporins. The LRRs and NTF2-like domains are required for export activity. Alternative splicing seems to be a common mechanism in this gene family. The encoded protein of this gene has shortened LRR and ubiquitin-associated domains and its RDB is unable to bind RNA. It is located in the nucleoplasm but is not associated with either the nuclear envelope or the nucleolus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UBE2V1 | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 1|Ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzyme variant proteins constitute a distinct subfamily within the E2 protein family. They have sequence similarity to other ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes but lack the conserved cysteine residue that is critical for the catalytic activity of E2s. The protein encoded by this gene is located in the nucleus and can cause transcriptional activation of the human FOS proto-oncogene. It is thought to be involved in the control of differentiation by altering cell cycle behavior. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been described for this gene, and multiple pseudogenes of this gene have been identified. Co-transcription of this gene and the neighboring upstream gene generates a rare transcript (Kua-UEV), which encodes a fusion protein comprised of sequence sharing identity with each individual gene product. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| RAB5A | RAB5A, member RAS oncogene family| |
| RAB5C | RAB5C, member RAS oncogene family|Members of the Rab protein family are small GTPases of the Ras superfamily that are thought to ensure fidelity in the process of docking and/or fusion of vesicles with their correct acceptor compartment (Han et al., 1996 [PubMed 8646882]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| RAB5B | RAB5B, member RAS oncogene family| |
| AMACR | alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase|This gene encodes a racemase. The encoded enzyme interconverts pristanoyl-CoA and C27-bile acylCoAs between their (R)- and (S)-stereoisomers. The conversion to the (S)-stereoisomers is necessary for degradation of these substrates by peroxisomal beta-oxidation. Encoded proteins from this locus localize to both mitochondria and peroxisomes. Mutations in this gene may be associated with adult-onset sensorimotor neuropathy, pigmentary retinopathy, and adrenomyeloneuropathy due to defects in bile acid synthesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the upstream neighboring C1QTNF3 (C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 3) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| PROM1 | prominin 1|This gene encodes a pentaspan transmembrane glycoprotein. The protein localizes to membrane protrusions and is often expressed on adult stem cells, where it is thought to function in maintaining stem cell properties by suppressing differentiation. Mutations in this gene have been shown to result in retinitis pigmentosa and Stargardt disease. Expression of this gene is also associated with several types of cancer. This gene is expressed from at least five alternative promoters that are expressed in a tissue-dependent manner. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| NHEJ1 | nonhomologous end-joining factor 1|Double-strand breaks in DNA result from genotoxic stresses and are among the most damaging of DNA lesions. This gene encodes a DNA repair factor essential for the nonhomologous end-joining pathway, which preferentially mediates repair of double-stranded breaks. Mutations in this gene cause different kinds of severe combined immunodeficiency disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KPTN | kaptin (actin binding protein)|This gene encodes a filamentous-actin-associated protein, which is involved in actin dynamics and plays an important role in neuromorphogenesis. Mutations in this gene result in recessive mental retardation-41. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| SLC41A1 | solute carrier family 41 (magnesium transporter), member 1| |
| SLC41A3 | solute carrier family 41, member 3| |
| SLC41A2 | solute carrier family 41 (magnesium transporter), member 2| |
| KCNC1 | potassium channel, voltage gated Shaw related subfamily C, member 1|This gene encodes a member of a family of integral membrane proteins that mediate the voltage-dependent potassium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Alternative splicing is thought to result in two transcript variants encoding isoforms that differ at their C-termini. These isoforms have had conflicting names in the literature: the longer isoform has been called both "b" and "alpha", while the shorter isoform has been called both "a" and "beta" (PMIDs 1432046, 12091563). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| SCARB2 | scavenger receptor class B, member 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a type III glycoprotein that is located primarily in limiting membranes of lysosomes and endosomes. Earlier studies in mice and rat suggested that this protein may participate in membrane transportation and the reorganization of endosomal/lysosomal compartment. The protein deficiency in mice was reported to impair cell membrane transport processes and cause pelvic junction obstruction, deafness, and peripheral neuropathy. Further studies in human showed that this protein is a ubiquitously expressed protein and that it is involved in the pathogenesis of HFMD (hand, foot, and mouth disease) caused by enterovirus-71 and possibly by coxsackievirus A16. Mutations in this gene caused an autosomal recessive progressive myoclonic epilepsy-4 (EPM4), also known as action myoclonus-renal failure syndrome (AMRF). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| SCARB1 | scavenger receptor class B, member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a plasma membrane receptor for high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). The encoded protein mediates cholesterol transfer to and from HDL. In addition, this protein is a receptor for hepatitis C virus glycoprotein E2. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| SNAP23 | synaptosomal-associated protein, 23kDa|Specificity of vesicular transport is regulated, in part, by the interaction of a vesicle-associated membrane protein termed synaptobrevin/VAMP with a target compartment membrane protein termed syntaxin. These proteins, together with SNAP25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa), form a complex which serves as a binding site for the general membrane fusion machinery. Synaptobrevin/VAMP and syntaxin are believed to be involved in vesicular transport in most, if not all cells, while SNAP25 is present almost exclusively in the brain, suggesting that a ubiquitously expressed homolog of SNAP25 exists to facilitate transport vesicle/target membrane fusion in other tissues. The protein encoded by this gene is structurally and functionally similar to SNAP25 and binds tightly to multiple syntaxins and synaptobrevins/VAMPs. It is an essential component of the high affinity receptor for the general membrane fusion machinery and is an important regulator of transport vesicle docking and fusion. Two alternative transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CSF1 | colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage)|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that controls the production, differentiation, and function of macrophages. The active form of the protein is found extracellularly as a disulfide-linked homodimer, and is thought to be produced by proteolytic cleavage of membrane-bound precursors. The encoded protein may be involved in development of the placenta. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| CSF2 | colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that controls the production, differentiation, and function of granulocytes and macrophages. The active form of the protein is found extracellularly as a homodimer. This gene has been localized to a cluster of related genes at chromosome region 5q31, which is known to be associated with interstitial deletions in the 5q- syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. Other genes in the cluster include those encoding interleukins 4, 5, and 13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AZU1 | azurocidin 1|Azurophil granules, specialized lysosomes of the neutrophil, contain at least 10 proteins implicated in the killing of microorganisms. The protein encoded by this gene is an azurophil granule antibiotic protein, with monocyte chemotactic and antimicrobial activity. It is also an important multifunctional inflammatory mediator. This encoded protein is a member of the serine protease gene family but it is not a serine proteinase, because the active site serine and histidine residues are replaced. The genes encoding this protein, neutrophil elastase 2, and proteinase 3 are in a cluster located at chromosome 19pter. All 3 genes are expressed coordinately and their protein products are packaged together into azurophil granules during neutrophil differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| CACNB3 | calcium channel, voltage-dependent, beta 3 subunit|This gene encodes a regulatory beta subunit of the voltage-dependent calcium channel. Beta subunits are composed of five domains, which contribute to the regulation of surface expression and gating of calcium channels and may also play a role in the regulation of transcription factors and calcium transport. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| SAYSD1 | SAYSVFN motif domain containing 1| |
| WNT7A | wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 7A|This gene is a member of the WNT gene family, which consists of structurally related genes that encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. This gene is involved in the development of the anterior-posterior axis in the female reproductive tract, and also plays a critical role in uterine smooth muscle pattering and maintenance of adult uterine function. Mutations in this gene are associated with Fuhrmann and Al-Awadi/Raas-Rothschild/Schinzel phocomelia syndromes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WNT7B | wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 7B|This gene is a member of the WNT gene family, which consists of structurally related genes that encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. Among members of the human WNT family, this gene product is most similar to WNT7A protein. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| CPT1A | carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (liver)|The mitochondrial oxidation of long-chain fatty acids is initiated by the sequential action of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (which is located in the outer membrane and is detergent-labile) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (which is located in the inner membrane and is detergent-stable), together with a carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase. CPT I is the key enzyme in the carnitine-dependent transport across the mitochondrial inner membrane and its deficiency results in a decreased rate of fatty acid beta-oxidation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ERAP1 | endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is an aminopeptidase involved in trimming HLA class I-binding precursors so that they can be presented on MHC class I molecules. The encoded protein acts as a monomer or as a heterodimer with ERAP2. This protein may also be involved in blood pressure regulation by inactivation of angiotensin II. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| LECT2 | leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2|This gene encodes a secreted, 16 kDa protein that acts as a chemotactic factor to neutrophils and stimulates the growth of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. This protein has high sequence similarity to the chondromodulin repeat regions of the chicken myb-induced myeloid 1 protein. A polymorphism in this gene may be associated with rheumatoid arthritis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNC2 | potassium channel, voltage gated Shaw related subfamily C, member 2|The Shaker gene family of Drosophila encodes components of voltage-gated potassium channels and is comprised of four subfamilies. Based on sequence similarity, this gene is similar to one of these subfamilies, namely the Shaw subfamily. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the delayed rectifier class of channel proteins and is an integral membrane protein that mediates the voltage-dependent potassium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| RRAD | Ras-related associated with diabetes| |
| EMR2 | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E2|This gene encodes a member of the class B seven-span transmembrane (TM7) subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors. These proteins are characterized by an extended extracellular region with a variable number of N-terminal epidermal growth factor-like domains coupled to a TM7 domain via a mucin-like spacer domain. The encoded protein is expressed mainly in myeloid cells where it promotes cell-cell adhesion through interaction with chondroitin sulfate chains. This gene is situated in a cluster of related genes on chromosome 19. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| NMRK2 | nicotinamide riboside kinase 2| |
| NMRK1 | nicotinamide riboside kinase 1|Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is essential for life in all organisms, both as a coenzyme for oxidoreductases and as a source of ADP-ribosyl groups used in various reactions. Nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, collectively known as niacin, are the vitamin precursors of NAD+. Nicotinamide riboside kinases, such as NRK1, function to synthesize NAD+ through nicotinamide mononucleotide using nicotinamide riboside as the precursor (Bieganowski and Brenner, 2004 [PubMed 15137942]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| LRRN4CL | LRRN4 C-terminal like| |
| CNTN3 | contactin 3 (plasmacytoma associated)| |
| CNTN1 | contactin 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored neuronal membrane protein that functions as a cell adhesion molecule. It may play a role in the formation of axon connections in the developing nervous system. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| CNTN6 | contactin 6|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored neuronal membrane protein that functions as a cell adhesion molecule. It may play a role in the formation of axon connections in the developing nervous system. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| PLA2G1B | phospholipase A2, group IB (pancreas)|This gene encodes a secreted member of the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) class of enzymes, which is produced by the pancreatic acinar cells. The encoded calcium-dependent enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 position of membrane glycerophospholipids to release arachidonic acid (AA) and lysophospholipids. AA is subsequently converted by downstream metabolic enzymes to several bioactive lipophilic compounds (eicosanoids), including prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs). The enzyme may be involved in several physiological processes including cell contraction, cell proliferation and pathological response. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| CNTN5 | contactin 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and contactin family, which mediate cell surface interactions during nervous system development. This protein is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored neuronal membrane protein that functions as a cell adhesion molecule. It may play a role in the formation of axon connections in the developing nervous system. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| TPST2 | tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase 2|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the O-sulfation of tyrosine residues within acidic regions of proteins. The encoded protein is a type II integral membrane protein found in the Golgi body. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C11orf48 | |
| DDX58 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases which are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving RNA binding and alteration of RNA secondary structure. This gene encodes a protein containing RNA helicase-DEAD box protein motifs and a caspase recruitment domain (CARD). It is involved in viral double-stranded (ds) RNA recognition and the regulation of immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRR13 | proline rich 13| |
| DDX52 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 52| |
| DDX53 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 53|This intronless gene encodes a protein which contains several domains found in members of the DEAD-box helicase protein family. Other members of this protein family participate in ATP-dependent RNA unwinding. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| DDX50 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 50|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this DEAD box protein family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box enzyme that may be involved in ribosomal RNA synthesis or processing. This gene and DDX21, also called RH-II/GuA, have similar genomic structures and are in tandem orientation on chromosome 10, suggesting that the two genes arose by gene duplication in evolution. This gene has pseudogenes on chromosomes 2, 3 and 4. Alternative splicing of this gene generates multiple transcript variants, but the full length nature of all the other variants but one has not been defined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF160 | zinc finger protein 160|The protein encoded by this gene is a Kruppel-related zinc finger protein which is characterized by the presence of an N-terminal repressor domain, the Kruppel-associated box (KRAB). The KRAB domain is a potent repressor of transcription; thus this protein may function in transcription regulation. Three alternative transcripts encoding the same protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DDX56 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box helicase 56|This gene encodes a member of the DEAD box protein family. DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. The protein encoded by this gene shows ATPase activity in the presence of polynucleotides and associates with nucleoplasmic 65S preribosomal particles. This gene may be involved in ribosome synthesis, most likely during assembly of the large 60S ribosomal subunit. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| CSRNP1 | cysteine-serine-rich nuclear protein 1|This gene encodes a protein that localizes to the nucleus and expression of this gene is induced in response to elevated levels of axin. The Wnt signalling pathway, which is negatively regulated by axin, is important in axis formation in early development and impaired regulation of this signalling pathway is often involved in tumors. A decreased level of expression of this gene in tumors compared to the level of expression in their corresponding normal tissues suggests that this gene product has a tumor suppressor function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CSRNP2 | cysteine-serine-rich nuclear protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the CSRNP family of nuclear proteins that share conserved regions, including cysteine- and serine- rich regions, a basic domain, a transcriptional activation domain, and bind the sequence 'AGAGTG', thus have the hallmark of transcription factors. Studies in mice suggest that these genes may have redundant functions. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| CSRNP3 | cysteine-serine-rich nuclear protein 3| |
| GATM | glycine amidinotransferase (L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase)|This gene encodes a mitochondrial enzyme that belongs to the amidinotransferase family. This enzyme is involved in creatine biosynthesis, whereby it catalyzes the transfer of a guanido group from L-arginine to glycine, resulting in guanidinoacetic acid, the immediate precursor of creatine. Mutations in this gene cause arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency, an inborn error of creatine synthesis characterized by mental retardation, language impairment, and behavioral disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDC42BPG | CDC42 binding protein kinase gamma (DMPK-like)| |
| FAM129A | family with sequence similarity 129, member A| |
| CDC42BPA | CDC42 binding protein kinase alpha (DMPK-like)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase family. This kinase contains multiple functional domains. Its kinase domain is highly similar to that of the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK). This kinase also contains a Rac interactive binding (CRIB) domain, and has been shown to bind CDC42. It may function as a CDC42 downstream effector mediating CDC42 induced peripheral actin formation, and promoting cytoskeletal reorganization. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, and the full-length nature of two of them has been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FOCAD | focadhesin| |
| FAM129B | family with sequence similarity 129, member B| |
| TXNRD2 | thioredoxin reductase 2|This gene encodes a member of the class I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family. The encoded protein is a selenocysteine-containing flavoenzyme that maintains thioredoxins in a reduced state, thereby playing a key role in regulating the cellular redox environment. Mammals have three related thioredoxin reductases. This gene encodes a mitochondrial form important for scavenging of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| TXNRD3 | thioredoxin reductase 3|This gene encodes a member of the family of pyridine nucleotide oxidoreductases. This protein catalyzes the reduction of thioredoxin, and is implicated in the defense against oxidative stress. It contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue (which is essential for catalytic activity), encoded by a UGA codon, at the penultimate C-terminal position. The 3' UTR of Sec-containing genes have a common stem-loop structure, the sec insertion sequence (SECIS), which is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| COX6C | cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIc|Cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. It is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may be involved in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes subunit VIc, which has 77% amino acid sequence identity with mouse subunit VIc. This gene is up-regulated in prostate cancer cells. A pseudogene has been found on chromosomes 16p12. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| GATC | glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase, subunit C| |
| WDR90 | WD repeat domain 90| |
| BUB1 | BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase|This gene encodes a serine/threonine-protein kinase that play a central role in mitosis. The encoded protein functions in part by phosphorylating members of the mitotic checkpoint complex and activating the spindle checkpoint. This protein also plays a role in inhibiting the activation of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome. This protein may also function in the DNA damage response. Mutations in this gene have been associated with aneuploidy and several forms of cancer. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| RNPS1 | RNA binding protein S1, serine-rich domain|This gene encodes a protein that is part of a post-splicing multiprotein complex involved in both mRNA nuclear export and mRNA surveillance. mRNA surveillance detects exported mRNAs with truncated open reading frames and initiates nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). When translation ends upstream from the last exon-exon junction, this triggers NMD to degrade mRNAs containing premature stop codons. This protein binds to the mRNA and remains bound after nuclear export, acting as a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein. This protein contains many serine residues. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| BUB3 | BUB3 mitotic checkpoint protein|This gene encodes a protein involved in spindle checkpoint function. The encoded protein contains four WD repeat domains and has sequence similarity with the yeast BUB3 protein. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRR15 | proline rich 15| |
| UBE2E1 | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2E 1|The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| UBE2E3 | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2E 3|The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. The encoded protein shares 100% sequence identity with the mouse and rat counterparts, which indicates that this enzyme is highly conserved in eukaryotes. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| UBE2E2 | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2E 2| |
| LAT | linker for activation of T cells|The protein encoded by this gene is phosphorylated by ZAP-70/Syk protein tyrosine kinases following activation of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) signal transduction pathway. This transmembrane protein localizes to lipid rafts and acts as a docking site for SH2 domain-containing proteins. Upon phosphorylation, this protein recruits multiple adaptor proteins and downstream signaling molecules into multimolecular signaling complexes located near the site of TCR engagement. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CNGA2 | cyclic nucleotide gated channel alpha 2|The protein encoded by this gene represents the alpha subunit of a cyclic nucleotide-gated olfactory channel. The encoded protein contains a carboxy-terminal leucine zipper that mediates channel formation. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| CNGA3 | cyclic nucleotide gated channel alpha 3|This gene encodes a member of the cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel protein family which is required for normal vision and olfactory signal transduction. Mutations in this gene are associated with achromatopsia (rod monochromacy) and color blindness. Two alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADSSL1 | adenylosuccinate synthase like 1|ADSSL1 is a muscle isozyme of adenylosuccinate synthase (EC 6.3.4.4), which catalyzes the initial reaction in the conversion of inosine monophosphate (IMP) to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) (Sun et al., 2005 [PubMed 15786719]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2008] |
| CLEC2L | C-type lectin domain family 2, member L| |
| DNAH2 | dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 2|Dyneins are microtubule-associated motor protein complexes composed of several heavy, light, and intermediate chains. The axonemal dyneins, found in cilia and flagella, are components of the outer and inner dynein arms attached to the peripheral microtubule doublets. DNAH2 is an axonemal inner arm dynein heavy chain (Chapelin et al., 1997 [PubMed 9256245]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| DNAH3 | dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 3| |
| EGLN1 | egl-9 family hypoxia-inducible factor 1|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) alpha proteins. HIF is a transcriptional complex that plays a central role in mammalian oxygen homeostasis. This protein functions as a cellular oxygen sensor, and under normal oxygen concentration, modification by prolyl hydroxylation is a key regulatory event that targets HIF subunits for proteasomal destruction via the von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitylation complex. Mutations in this gene are associated with erythrocytosis familial type 3 (ECYT3). [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| DNAH1 | dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 1| |
| DNAH6 | dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 6|Dyneins are microtubule-associated motor protein complexes composed of several heavy, light, and intermediate chains. Two major classes of dyneins, axonemal and cytoplasmic, have been identified. DNAH6 is an axonemal dynein heavy chain (DHC) (Vaughan et al., 1996 [PubMed 8812413]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| DNAH7 | dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 7|DNAH7 is a component of the inner dynein arm of ciliary axonemes (Zhang et al., 2002 [PubMed 11877439]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| DNAH5 | dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 5|This gene encodes a dynein protein, which is part of a microtubule-associated motor protein complex consisting of heavy, light, and intermediate chains. This protein is an axonemal heavy chain dynein. It functions as a force-generating protein with ATPase activity, whereby the release of ADP is thought to produce the force-producing power stroke. Mutations in this gene cause primary ciliary dyskinesia type 3, as well as Kartagener syndrome, which are both diseases due to ciliary defects. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| NYAP1 | neuronal tyrosine-phosphorylated phosphoinositide-3-kinase adaptor 1| |
| DNAH8 | dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 8|The protein encoded by this gene is a heavy chain of an axonemal dynein involved in sperm and respiratory cilia motility. Axonemal dyneins generate force through hydrolysis of ATP and binding to microtubules. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| DNAH9 | dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 9|This gene encodes the heavy chain subunit of axonemal dynein, a large multi-subunit molecular motor. Axonemal dynein attaches to microtubules and hydrolyzes ATP to mediate the movement of cilia and flagella. The gene expresses at least two transcript variants; additional variants have been described, but their full length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MCM4 | minichromosome maintenance complex component 4|The protein encoded by this gene is one of the highly conserved mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) that are essential for the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. The hexameric protein complex formed by MCM proteins is a key component of the pre-replication complex (pre_RC) and may be involved in the formation of replication forks and in the recruitment of other DNA replication related proteins. The MCM complex consisting of this protein and MCM2, 6 and 7 proteins possesses DNA helicase activity, and may act as a DNA unwinding enzyme. The phosphorylation of this protein by CDC2 kinase reduces the DNA helicase activity and chromatin binding of the MCM complex. This gene is mapped to a region on the chromosome 8 head-to-head next to the PRKDC/DNA-PK, a DNA-activated protein kinase involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MYBPC3 | myosin binding protein C, cardiac|MYBPC3 encodes the cardiac isoform of myosin-binding protein C. Myosin-binding protein C is a myosin-associated protein found in the cross-bridge-bearing zone (C region) of A bands in striated muscle. MYBPC3, the cardiac isoform, is expressed exclussively in heart muscle. Regulatory phosphorylation of the cardiac isoform in vivo by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) upon adrenergic stimulation may be linked to modulation of cardiac contraction. Mutations in MYBPC3 are one cause of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MYBPC2 | myosin binding protein C, fast type|This gene encodes a member of the myosin-binding protein C family. This family includes the fast-, slow- and cardiac-type isoforms, each of which is a myosin-associated protein found in the cross-bridge-bearing zone (C region) of A bands in striated muscle. The protein encoded by this locus is referred to as the fast-type isoform. Mutations in the related but distinct genes encoding the slow-type and cardiac-type isoforms have been associated with distal arthrogryposis, type 1 and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, respectively. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| RPL7L1 | ribosomal protein L7-like 1| |
| DUSP19 | dual specificity phosphatase 19|Dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) constitute a large heterogeneous subgroup of the type I cysteine-based protein-tyrosine phosphatase superfamily. DUSPs are characterized by their ability to dephosphorylate both tyrosine and serine/threonine residues. They have been implicated as major modulators of critical signaling pathways. DUSP19 contains a variation of the consensus DUSP C-terminal catalytic domain, with the last serine residue replaced by alanine, and lacks the N-terminal CH2 domain found in the MKP (mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase) class of DUSPs (see MIM 600714) (summary by Patterson et al., 2009 [PubMed 19228121]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2009] |
| PCNT | pericentrin|The protein encoded by this gene binds to calmodulin and is expressed in the centrosome. It is an integral component of the pericentriolar material (PCM). The protein contains a series of coiled-coil domains and a highly conserved PCM targeting motif called the PACT domain near its C-terminus. The protein interacts with the microtubule nucleation component gamma-tubulin and is likely important to normal functioning of the centrosomes, cytoskeleton, and cell-cycle progression. Mutations in this gene cause Seckel syndrome-4 and microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPR17 | G protein-coupled receptor 17| |
| TMEM131 | transmembrane protein 131| |
| TMEM134 | transmembrane protein 134| |
| TMEM135 | transmembrane protein 135| |
| CCDC47 | coiled-coil domain containing 47| |
| TPM3 | tropomyosin 3|This gene encodes a member of the tropomyosin family of actin-binding proteins. Tropomyosins are dimers of coiled-coil proteins that provide stability to actin filaments and regulate access of other actin-binding proteins. Mutations in this gene result in autosomal dominant nemaline myopathy and other muscle disorders. This locus is involved in translocations with other loci, including anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK) and neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1 (NTRK1), which result in the formation of fusion proteins that act as oncogenes. There are numerous pseudogenes for this gene on different chromosomes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| TMEM139 | transmembrane protein 139| |
| CCDC43 | coiled-coil domain containing 43| |
| CCDC42 | coiled-coil domain containing 42| |
| CCDC40 | coiled-coil domain containing 40|This gene encodes a protein that is necessary for motile cilia function. It functions in correct left-right axis formation by regulating the assembly of the inner dynein arm and the dynein regulatory complexes, which control ciliary beat. Mutations in this gene cause ciliary dyskinesia type 15, a disorder due to defects in cilia motility. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| SPRY3 | sprouty homolog 3 (Drosophila)| |
| SPRY2 | sprouty homolog 2 (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the sprouty family. The encoded protein contains a carboxyl-terminal cysteine-rich domain essential for the inhibitory activity on receptor tyrosine kinase signaling proteins and is required for growth factor stimulated translocation of the protein to membrane ruffles. In primary dermal endothelial cells this gene is transiently upregulated in response to fibroblast growth factor two. This protein is indirectly involved in the non-cell autonomous inhibitory effect on fibroblast growth factor two signaling. The protein interacts with Cas-Br-M (murine) ectropic retroviral transforming sequence, and can function as a bimodal regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. This protein may play a role in alveoli branching during lung development as shown by a similar mouse protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPRY1 | sprouty homolog 1, antagonist of FGF signaling (Drosophila)| |
| ATP6V1F | ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 14kDa, V1 subunit F|This gene encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of eukaryotic intracellular organelles. V-ATPase dependent organelle acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. V-ATPase is composed of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. The V1 domain consists of three A and three B subunits, two G subunits plus the C, D, E, F, and H subunits. The V1 domain contains the ATP catalytic site. The V0 domain consists of five different subunits: a, c, c', c", and d. Additional isoforms of many of the V1 and V0 subunit proteins are encoded by multiple genes or alternatively spliced transcript variants. This encoded protein is the V1 domain F subunit protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRPC6 | transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6|The protein encoded by this gene forms a receptor-activated calcium channel in the cell membrane. The channel is activated by diacylglycerol and is thought to be under the control of a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system. Activation of this channel occurs independently of protein kinase C and is not triggered by low levels of intracellular calcium. Defects in this gene are a cause of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 2 (FSGS2). [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| PRPF40A | PRP40 pre-mRNA processing factor 40 homolog A (S. cerevisiae)| |
| TRPC4 | transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 4|This gene encodes a member of the canonical subfamily of transient receptor potential cation channels. The encoded protein forms a non-selective calcium-permeable cation channel that is activated by Gq-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinases, and plays a role in multiple processes including endothelial permeability, vasodilation, neurotransmitter release and cell proliferation. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with generalized epilepsy with photosensitivity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| SPRY4 | sprouty homolog 4 (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a member of a family of cysteine- and proline-rich proteins. The encoded protein is an inhibitor of the receptor-transduced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Activity of this protein impairs the formation of active GTP-RAS. Nucleotide variation in this gene has been associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 17 with or without anosmia. Alternative splicing results in a multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| CNGA1 | cyclic nucleotide gated channel alpha 1|The protein encoded by this gene is involved in phototransduction. Along with another protein, the encoded protein forms a cGMP-gated cation channel in the plasma membrane, allowing depolarization of rod photoreceptors. This represents the last step in the phototransduction pathway. Defects in this gene are a cause of retinitis pigmentosa autosomal recessive (ARRP) disease. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| RASSF10 | Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family (N-terminal) member 10| |
| FBXW8 | F-box and WD repeat domain containing 8|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family, members of which are characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into three classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene contains a WD-40 domain, in addition to an F-box motif, so it belongs to the Fbw class. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COASY | CoA synthase|Coenzyme A (CoA) functions as a carrier of acetyl and acyl groups in cells and thus plays an important role in numerous synthetic and degradative metabolic pathways in all organisms. In eukaryotes, CoA and its derivatives are also involved in membrane trafficking and signal transduction. This gene encodes the bifunctional protein coenzyme A synthase (CoAsy) which carries out the last two steps in the biosynthesis of CoA from pantothenic acid (vitamin B5). The phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase domain of this bifunctional protein catalyzes the conversion of 4'-phosphopantetheine into dephospho-coenzyme A (dpCoA) while its dephospho-CoA kinase domain completes the final step by phosphorylating dpCoA to form CoA. Mutations in this gene are associated with neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). Alternative splicing results in multiple isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| DUSP16 | dual specificity phosphatase 16|This gene encodes a mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase that is a member of the dual specificity protein phosphatase subfamily. These phosphatases inactivate their target kinases by dephosphorylating both the phosphoserine/threonine and phosphotyrosine residues. The encoded protein specifically regulates the c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| RASL10B | RAS-like, family 10, member B| |
| CDKL5 | cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5|This gene is a member of Ser/Thr protein kinase family and encodes a phosphorylated protein with protein kinase activity. Mutations in this gene have been associated with X-linked infantile spasm syndrome (ISSX), also known as X-linked West syndrome, and Rett syndrome (RTT). Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIM33 | tripartite motif containing 33|The protein encoded by this gene is thought to be a transcriptional corepressor. However, molecules that interact with this protein have not yet been identified. The protein is a member of the tripartite motif family. This motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants for this gene have been described, however, the full-length nature of one variant has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DIRAS2 | DIRAS family, GTP-binding RAS-like 2|DIRAS2 belongs to a distinct branch of the functionally diverse Ras (see HRAS; MIM 190020) superfamily of monomeric GTPases.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| CDKL1 | cyclin-dependent kinase-like 1 (CDC2-related kinase)|This gene product is a member of a large family of CDC2-related serine/threonine protein kinases. It accumulates primarily in the nucleus. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| CDKL3 | cyclin-dependent kinase-like 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) family. CDK family members are highly similar to the gene products of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc28, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc2, and are known to be important regulators of cell cycle progression. This gene was identified as a gene absent in leukemic patients with chromosome 5q deletion. This loss may be an important determinant of dysmyelopoiesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDKL2 | cyclin-dependent kinase-like 2 (CDC2-related kinase)|This gene product is a member of a large family of CDC2-related serine/threonine protein kinases. It accumulates primarily in the cytoplasm, with lower levels in the nucleus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANXA3 | annexin A3|This gene encodes a member of the annexin family. Members of this calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein family play a role in the regulation of cellular growth and in signal transduction pathways. This protein functions in the inhibition of phopholipase A2 and cleavage of inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate to form inositol 1-phosphate. This protein may also play a role in anti-coagulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FBXO22 | F-box protein 22|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of the ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbxs class and, as a transcriptional target of the tumor protein p53, is thought to be involved in degradation of specific proteins in response to p53 induction. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| FBXO21 | F-box protein 21|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbxs class. Alternative splicing of this gene generates 2 transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| USF1 | upstream transcription factor 1|This gene encodes a member of the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper family, and can function as a cellular transcription factor. The encoded protein can activate transcription through pyrimidine-rich initiator (Inr) elements and E-box motifs. This gene has been linked to familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL). Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been defined on chromosome 21. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013] |
| FBXO27 | F-box protein 27|Members of the F-box protein family, such as FBXO27, are characterized by an approximately 40-amino acid F-box motif. SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases. F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains (Jin et al., 2004 [PubMed 15520277]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MCM9 | minichromosome maintenance complex component 9|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) protein family that are essential for the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. Binding of this protein to chromatin has been shown to be a pre-requisite for recruiting the MCM2-7 helicase to DNA replication origins. This protein also binds, and is a positive regulator of, the chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1, CDT1. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| FBXO25 | F-box protein 25|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbxs class. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FBXO24 | F-box protein 24|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of the ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbxs class. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| TBX19 | T-box 19|This gene is a member of a phylogenetically conserved family of genes that share a common DNA-binding domain, the T-box. T-box genes encode transcription factors involved in the regulation of developmental processes. Mutations in this gene were found in patients with isolated deficiency of pituitary POMC-derived ACTH, suggesting an essential role for this gene in differentiation of the pituitary POMC lineage. ACTH deficiency is characterized by adrenal insufficiency symptoms such as weight loss, lack of appetite (anorexia), weakness, nausea, vomiting, and low blood pressure. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DUSP12 | dual specificity phosphatase 12|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein phosphatase subfamily. These phosphatases inactivate their target kinases by dephosphorylating both the phosphoserine/threonine and phosphotyrosine residues. They negatively regulate members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily (MAPK/ERK, SAPK/JNK, p38), which is associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation. Different members of the family of dual specificity phosphatases show distinct substrate specificities for various MAP kinases, different tissue distribution and subcellular localization, and different modes of inducibility of their expression by extracellular stimuli. This gene product is the human ortholog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae YVH1 protein tyrosine phosphatase. It is localized predominantly in the nucleus, and is novel in that it contains, and is regulated by a zinc finger domain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OR8K5 | olfactory receptor, family 8, subfamily K, member 5|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NPFFR2 | neuropeptide FF receptor 2|This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of G-protein-coupled neuropeptide receptors. This protein is activated by the neuropeptides A-18-amide (NPAF) and F-8-amide (NPFF) and may function in pain modulation and regulation of the opioid system. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| XK | X-linked Kx blood group|This locus controls the synthesis of the Kell blood group 'precursor substance' (Kx). Mutations in this gene have been associated with McLeod syndrome, an X-linked, recessive disorder characterized by abnormalities in the neuromuscular and hematopoietic systems. The encoded protein has structural characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic membrane transport proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TNFSF18 | tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 18|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This cytokine is a ligand for receptor TNFRSF18/AITR/GITR. It has been shown to modulate T lymphocyte survival in peripheral tissues. This cytokine is also found to be expressed in endothelial cells, and is thought to be important for interaction between T lymphocytes and endothelial cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GNB5 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta 5|Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes. This gene encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms exist. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GNB4 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 4|Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes. This gene encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AMBRA1 | autophagy/beclin-1 regulator 1| |
| MRGPRX2 | MAS-related GPR, member X2| |
| AIM1 | absent in melanoma 1| |
| ANXA2 | annexin A2|This gene encodes a member of the annexin family. Members of this calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein family play a role in the regulation of cellular growth and in signal transduction pathways. This protein functions as an autocrine factor which heightens osteoclast formation and bone resorption. This gene has three pseudogenes located on chromosomes 4, 9 and 10, respectively. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AIM2 | absent in melanoma 2|AIM2 is a member of the IFI20X /IFI16 family. It plays a putative role in tumorigenic reversion and may control cell proliferation. Interferon-gamma induces expression of AIM2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OPN1LW | opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive|This gene encodes for a light absorbing visual pigment of the opsin gene family. The encoded protein is called red cone photopigment or long-wavelength sensitive opsin. Opsins are G-protein coupled receptors with seven transmembrane domains, an N-terminal extracellular domain, and a C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. This gene and the medium-wavelength opsin gene are tandemly arrayed on the X chromosome and frequent unequal recombination and gene conversion may occur between these sequences. X chromosomes may have fusions of the medium- and long-wavelength opsin genes or may have more than one copy of these genes. Defects in this gene are the cause of partial, protanopic colorblindness. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C11orf84 | chromosome 11 open reading frame 84| |
| PACRG | PARK2 co-regulated|This gene encodes a protein that is conserved across metazoans. In vertebrates, this gene is linked in a head-to-head arrangement with the adjacent parkin gene, which is associated with autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson's disease. These genes are co-regulated in various tissues and they share a bi-directional promoter. Both genes are associated with susceptibility to leprosy. The parkin co-regulated gene protein forms a large molecular complex with chaperones, including heat shock proteins 70 and 90, and chaperonin components. This protein is also a component of Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease patients, and it suppresses unfolded Pael receptor-induced neuronal cell death. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SEPT2 | septin 2| |
| C11orf87 | chromosome 11 open reading frame 87| |
| C11orf80 | chromosome 11 open reading frame 80| |
| UNC80 | unc-80 homolog (C. elegans)| |
| SKA3 | spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 3|This gene encodes a component of the spindle and kinetochore-associated protein complex that regulates microtubule attachment to the kinetochores during mitosis. The encoded protein localizes to the outer kinetechore and may be required for normal chromosome segregation and cell division. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| FAM107A | family with sequence similarity 107, member A| |
| MYBPC1 | myosin binding protein C, slow type|This gene encodes a member of the myosin-binding protein C family. Myosin-binding protein C family members are myosin-associated proteins found in the cross-bridge-bearing zone (C region) of A bands in striated muscle. The encoded protein is the slow skeletal muscle isoform of myosin-binding protein C and plays an important role in muscle contraction by recruiting muscle-type creatine kinase to myosin filaments. Mutations in this gene are associated with distal arthrogryposis type I. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| FAM107B | family with sequence similarity 107, member B| |
| MCMBP | minichromosome maintenance complex binding protein|This gene encodes a protein which is a component of the hexameric minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex which regulates initiation and elongation of DNA. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| SRXN1 | sulfiredoxin 1| |
| CRHR2 | corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family, and the subfamily of corticotropin releasing hormone receptor. This receptor shows high affinity for corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), and also binds CRH-related peptides such as urocortin. CRH is synthesized in the hypothalamus, and plays an important role in coordinating the endocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses to stress and immune challenge. Studies in mice suggest that this receptor maybe involved in mediating cardiovascular homeostasis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| CKAP2L | cytoskeleton associated protein 2-like|The protein encoded by this gene is thought to be a mitotic spindle protein important to neural stem or progenitor cells. Mutations in this gene have been associated with spindle organization defects, including mitotic spindle defects, lagging chromosomes, and chromatin bridges. There is evidence that mutations in this gene are associated with Filippi syndrome, characterized by growth defects, microcephaly, intellectual disability, facial feature defects, and syndactyly. There is a pseudogene of this gene on chromosome 20. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| CRHR1 | corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1|This gene encodes a G-protein coupled receptor that binds neuropeptides of the corticotropin releasing hormone family that are major regulators of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathway. The encoded protein is essential for the activation of signal transduction pathways that regulate diverse physiological processes including stress, reproduction, immune response and obesity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Readthrough transcription also exists between this gene and upstream GeneID:401884 (ADP-ribosylation factor 3 pseudogene), and the readthrough transcripts encode isoforms that share similarity with the products of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| ETFA | electron-transfer-flavoprotein, alpha polypeptide|ETFA participates in catalyzing the initial step of the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. It shuttles electrons between primary flavoprotein dehydrogenases and the membrane-bound electron transfer flavoprotein ubiquinone oxidoreductase. Defects in electron-transfer-flavoprotein have been implicated in type II glutaricaciduria in which multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies result in large excretion of glutaric, lactic, ethylmalonic, butyric, isobutyric, 2-methyl-butyric, and isovaleric acids. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TGFBR2 | transforming growth factor, beta receptor II (70/80kDa)|This gene encodes a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family and the TGFB receptor subfamily. The encoded protein is a transmembrane protein that has a protein kinase domain, forms a heterodimeric complex with another receptor protein, and binds TGF-beta. This receptor/ligand complex phosphorylates proteins, which then enter the nucleus and regulate the transcription of a subset of genes related to cell proliferation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Marfan Syndrome, Loeys-Deitz Aortic Aneurysm Syndrome, and the development of various types of tumors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GTF2A1 | general transcription factor IIA, 1, 19/37kDa|Accurate transcription initiation on TATA-containing class II genes involves the ordered assembly of RNA polymerase II (POLR2A; MIM 180660) and several general initiation factors (summarized by DeJong and Roeder, 1993 [PubMed 8224848]). One of these factors is TFIIA, which when purified from HeLa extracts consists of 35-, 19-, and 12-kD subunits.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2010] |
| GTF2A2 | general transcription factor IIA, 2, 12kDa|Accurate transcription initiation on TATA-containing class II genes involves the ordered assembly of RNA polymerase II (POLR2A; MIM 180660) and the general initiation factors TFIIA, TFIIB (MIM 189963), TFIID (MIM 313650), TFIIE (MIM 189962), TFIIF (MIM 189968), TFIIG/TFIIJ, and TFIIH (MIM 189972). The first step involves recognition of the TATA element by the TATA-binding subunit (TBP; MIM 600075) and may be regulated by TFIIA, a factor that interacts with both TBP and a TBP-associated factor (TAF; MIM 600475) in TFIID. TFIIA has 2 subunits (43 and 12 kD) in yeast and 3 subunits in higher eukaryotes. In HeLa extracts, it consists of a 35-kD alpha subunit and a 19-kD beta subunit encoded by the N- and C-terminal regions of GTF2A1 (MIM 600520), respectively, and a 12-kD gamma subunit encoded by GTF2A2 (DeJong et al., 1995 [PubMed 7724559]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CRYBA2 | crystallin, beta A2|Crystallins are separated into two classes: taxon-specific, or enzyme, and ubiquitous. The latter class constitutes the major proteins of the vertebrate eye, which function to maintain the transparency and refractive index of the lens. Since lens central fiber cells lose their nuclei during development, these crystallins are made and then retained throughout life, making them extremely stable proteins. Mammalian lens crystallins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma families; beta and gamma crystallins are also defined as a superfamily. Alpha and beta families are further divided into acidic and basic groups. Seven protein regions exist in crystallins: four homologous motifs, a connecting peptide, and N- and C-terminal extensions. Beta-crystallins, the most heterogeneous, differ by the presence of the C-terminal extension (present in the basic group but absent in the acidic group). Beta-crystallins form aggregates of different sizes and are able to form homodimers through self-association or heterodimers with other beta-crystallins. This gene is a beta acidic group member. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding identical proteins have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPA2 | replication protein A2, 32kDa| |
| IL18BP | interleukin 18 binding protein|The protein encoded by this gene functions as an inhibitor of the proinflammatory cytokine, IL18. It binds IL18, prevents the binding of IL18 to its receptor, and thus inhibits IL18-induced IFN-gamma production, resulting in reduced T-helper type 1 immune responses. This protein is constitutively expressed and secreted in mononuclear cells. Elevated level of this protein is detected in the intestinal tissues of patients with Crohn's disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| IQGAP1 | IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the IQGAP family. The protein contains four IQ domains, one calponin homology domain, one Ras-GAP domain and one WW domain. It interacts with components of the cytoskeleton, with cell adhesion molecules, and with several signaling molecules to regulate cell morphology and motility. Expression of the protein is upregulated by gene amplification in two gastric cancer cell lines. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IQGAP2 | IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 2|This gene encodes a member of the IQGAP family. The protein contains three IQ domains, one calponin homology domain, one Ras-GAP domain and one WW domain. It interacts with components of the cytoskeleton, with cell adhesion molecules, and with several signaling molecules to regulate cell morphology and motility. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IQGAP3 | IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 3| |
| XXYLT1 | xyloside xylosyltransferase 1| |
| SLIRP | SRA stem-loop interacting RNA binding protein|Steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA, or SRA1; MIM 603819) is a complex RNA molecule containing multiple stable stem-loop structures that functions in coactivation of nuclear receptors. SLIRP interacts with stem-loop structure-7 of SRA (STR7) and modulates nuclear receptor transactivation (Hatchell et al., 2006 [PubMed 16762838]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CXorf40A | chromosome X open reading frame 40A| |
| SCGB1D1 | secretoglobin, family 1D, member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the lipophilin subfamily, part of the uteroglobin superfamily, and is an ortholog of prostatein, the major secretory glycoprotein of the rat ventral prostate gland. This gene product represents one component of a heterodimeric molecule present in human tears whose elution profile is consistent with prostatein, a tetrameric molecule composed of three peptide components in heterodimers. Assuming that human lipophilins are the functional counterparts of prostatein, they may be transcriptionally regulated by steroid hormones, with the ability to bind androgens, other steroids and possibly bind and concentrate estramustine, a chemotherapeutic agent widely used for prostate cancer. Although the gene has been reported to be on chromosome 15, this sequence appears to be from a cluster of genes on chromosome 11 that includes mammaglobin 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SCGB1D2 | secretoglobin, family 1D, member 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the lipophilin subfamily, part of the uteroglobin superfamily, and is an ortholog of prostatein, the major secretory glycoprotein of the rat ventral prostate gland. Lipophilin gene products are widely expressed in normal tissues, especially in endocrine-responsive organs. Assuming that human lipophilins are the functional counterparts of prostatein, they may be transcriptionally regulated by steroid hormones, with the ability to bind androgens, other steroids and possibly bind and concentrate estramustine, a chemotherapeutic agent widely used for prostate cancer. Although the gene has been reported to be on chromosome 10, this sequence appears to be from a cluster of genes on chromosome 11 that includes mammaglobin 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NDUFS2 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 2, 49kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase)|The protein encoded by this gene is a core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (complex I). Mammalian mitochondrial complex I is composed of at least 43 different subunits, 7 of which are encoded by the mitochondrial genome, and the rest are the products of nuclear genes. The iron-sulfur protein fraction of complex I is made up of 7 subunits, including this gene product. Complex I catalyzes the NADH oxidation with concomitant ubiquinone reduction and proton ejection out of the mitochondria. Mutations in this gene are associated with mitochondrial complex I deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| MSMO1 | methylsterol monooxygenase 1|Sterol-C4-mehtyl oxidase-like protein was isolated based on its similarity to the yeast ERG25 protein. It contains a set of putative metal binding motifs with similarity to that seen in a family of membrane desaturases-hydroxylases. The protein is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and is believed to function in cholesterol biosynthesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDYL | chromodomain protein, Y-like|Chromodomain Y is a primate-specific Y-chromosomal gene family expressed exclusively in the testis and implicated in infertility. Although the Y-linked genes are testis-specific, this autosomal gene is ubiquitously expressed. The Y-linked genes arose by retrotransposition of an mRNA from this gene, followed by amplification of the retroposed gene. Proteins encoded by this gene superfamily possess a chromodomain, a motif implicated in chromatin binding and gene suppression, and a catalytic domain believed to be involved in histone acetylation. Multiple proteins are encoded by transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPE | ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase| |
| NOD2 | nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2|This gene is a member of the Nod1/Apaf-1 family and encodes a protein with two caspase recruitment (CARD) domains and six leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). The protein is primarily expressed in the peripheral blood leukocytes. It plays a role in the immune response to intracellular bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) by recognizing the muramyl dipeptide (MDP) derived from them and activating the NFKB protein. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Crohn disease and Blau syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| HCLS1 | hematopoietic cell-specific Lyn substrate 1| |
| NDUFS4 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 4, 18kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase)|This gene encodes an accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), or NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, the first multi-subunit enzyme complex of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Complex I plays a vital role in cellular ATP production, the primary source of energy for many crucial processes in living cells. It removes electrons from NADH and passes them by a series of different protein-coupled redox centers to the electron acceptor ubiquinone. In well-coupled mitochondria, the electron flux leads to ATP generation via the building of a proton gradient across the inner membrane. Complex I is composed of at least 41 subunits, of which 7 are encoded by the mitochondrial genome and the remainder by nuclear genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPTSSB | serine palmitoyltransferase, small subunit B|Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT; EC 2.3.1.50) catalyzes the first committed and rate-limiting step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. SSSPTB is a small SPT subunit that stimulates SPT activity and confers acyl-CoA preference to the SPT catalytic heterodimer of SPTLC1 (MIM 605712) and either SPTLC2 (MIM 605713) or SPTLC3 (MIM 611120) (Han et al., 2009 [PubMed 19416851]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| TCP10L | t-complex 10-like| |
| SEPHS1 | selenophosphate synthetase 1|This gene encodes an enzyme that synthesizes selenophosphate from selenide and ATP. Selenophosphate is the selenium donor used to synthesize selenocysteine, which is co-translationally incorporated into selenoproteins at in-frame UGA codons. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| WNT9B | wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 9B|The WNT gene family consists of structurally related genes that encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. This gene is a member of the WNT gene family. Study of its expression in the teratocarcinoma cell line NT2 suggests that it may be implicated in the early process of neuronal differentiation of NT2 cells induced by retinoic acid. This gene is clustered with WNT3, another family member, in the chromosome 17q21 region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RP1 | retinitis pigmentosa 1 (autosomal dominant)|This gene encodes a member of the doublecortin family. The protein encoded by this gene contains two doublecortin domains, which bind microtubules and regulate microtubule polymerization. The encoded protein is a photoreceptor microtubule-associated protein and is required for correct stacking of outer segment disc. This protein and the RP1L1 protein, another retinal-specific protein, play essential and synergistic roles in affecting photosensitivity and outer segment morphogenesis of rod photoreceptors. Because of its response to in vivo retinal oxygen levels, this protein was initially named ORP1 (oxygen-regulated protein-1). This protein was subsequently designated RP1 (retinitis pigmentosa 1) when it was found that mutations in this gene cause autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Mutations in this gene also cause autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. Transcript variants resulted from an alternative promoter and alternative splicings have been found, which overlap the current reference sequence and has several exons upstream and downstream of the current reference sequence. However, the biological validity and full-length nature of some variants cannot be determined at this time.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| ARNTL | aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like|The protein encoded by this gene is a basic helix-loop-helix protein that forms a heterodimer with CLOCK. This heterodimer binds E-box enhancer elements upstream of Period (PER1, PER2, PER3) and Cryptochrome (CRY1, CRY2) genes and activates transcription of these genes. PER and CRY proteins heterodimerize and repress their own transcription by interacting in a feedback loop with CLOCK/ARNTL complexes. Defects in this gene have been linked to infertility, problems with gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis, and altered sleep patterns. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| RP2 | retinitis pigmentosa 2 (X-linked recessive)|The RP2 locus has been implicated as one cause of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. The predicted gene product shows homology with human cofactor C, a protein involved in the ultimate step of beta-tubulin folding. Progressive retinal degeneration may therefore be due to the accumulation of incorrectly-folded photoreceptor or neuron-specific tubulin isoforms followed by progressive cell death [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRI1 | KRI1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|This gene overlaps with the gene for cysteine endopeptidase AUT-like 4 in a head-to-tail orientation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RP9 | retinitis pigmentosa 9 (autosomal dominant)|The protein encoded by this gene can be bound and phosphorylated by the protooncogene PIM1 product, a serine/threonine protein kinase . This protein localizes in nuclear speckles containing the splicing factors, and has a role in pre-mRNA splicing. CBF1-interacting protein (CIR), a corepressor of CBF1, can also bind to this protein and effects alternative splicing. Mutations in this gene result in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa-9. This gene has a pseudogene (GeneID: 441212), which is located in tandem array approximately 166 kb distal to this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| TECPR1 | tectonin beta-propeller repeat containing 1|This gene encodes a tethering factor involved in autophagy. The encoded protein is found at autolysosomes, and is involved in targeting protein aggregates, damaged mitochondria, and bacterial pathogens for autophagy [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| TECPR2 | tectonin beta-propeller repeat containing 2| |
| IFNL2 | interferon, lambda 2|This gene encodes a cytokine distantly related to type I interferons and the IL-10 family. This gene, interleukin 28B (IL28B), and interleukin 29 (IL29) are three closely related cytokine genes that form a cytokine gene cluster on a chromosomal region mapped to 19q13. Expression of the cytokines encoded by the three genes can be induced by viral infection. All three cytokines have been shown to interact with a heterodimeric class II cytokine receptor that consists of interleukin 10 receptor, beta (IL10RB) and interleukin 28 receptor, alpha (IL28RA). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDY1 | chromodomain protein, Y-linked, 1|This gene encodes a protein containing a chromodomain and a histone acetyltransferase catalytic domain. Chromodomain proteins are components of heterochromatin-like complexes and can act as gene repressors. This protein is localized to the nucleus of late spermatids where histone hyperacetylation takes place. Histone hyperacetylation is thought to facilitate the transition in which protamines replace histones as the major DNA-packaging protein. The human chromosome Y has two identical copies of this gene within a palindromic region; this record represents the more telomeric copy. Chromosome Y also contains a pair of closely related genes in another more telomeric palindrome as well as several related pseudogenes. Two protein isoforms are encoded by transcript variants of this gene. Additional transcript variants have been described, but their full-length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NDUFS8 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 8, 23kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase)|This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, or Complex I, a multimeric enzyme of the respiratory chain responsible for NADH oxidation, ubiquinone reduction, and the ejection of protons from mitochondria. The encoded protein is involved in the binding of two of the six to eight iron-sulfur clusters of Complex I and, as such, is required in the electron transfer process. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Leigh syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| YKT6 | YKT6 v-SNARE homolog (S. cerevisiae)|This gene product is one of the SNARE recognition molecules implicated in vesicular transport between secretory compartments. It is a membrane associated, isoprenylated protein that functions at the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi transport step. This protein is highly conserved from yeast to human and can functionally complement the loss of the yeast homolog in the yeast secretory pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DYNC1H1 | dynein, cytoplasmic 1, heavy chain 1|Dyneins are a group of microtubule-activated ATPases that function as molecular motors. They are divided into two subgroups of axonemal and cytoplasmic dyneins. The cytoplasmic dyneins function in intracellular motility, including retrograde axonal transport, protein sorting, organelle movement, and spindle dynamics. Molecules of conventional cytoplasmic dynein are comprised of 2 heavy chain polypeptides and a number of intermediate and light chains.This gene encodes a member of the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain family. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| TUBA4A | tubulin, alpha 4a|Microtubules of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton perform essential and diverse functions and are composed of a heterodimer of alpha and beta tubulin. The genes encoding these microtubule constituents are part of the tubulin superfamily, which is composed of six distinct families. Genes from the alpha, beta and gamma tubulin families are found in all eukaryotes. The alpha and beta tubulins represent the major components of microtubules, while gamma tubulin plays a critical role in the nucleation of microtubule assembly. There are multiple alpha and beta tubulin genes and they are highly conserved among and between species. This gene encodes an alpha tubulin that is a highly conserved homolog of a rat testis-specific alpha tubulin. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| TUBA4B | tubulin, alpha 4b| |
| CALD1 | caldesmon 1|This gene encodes a calmodulin- and actin-binding protein that plays an essential role in the regulation of smooth muscle and nonmuscle contraction. The conserved domain of this protein possesses the binding activities to Ca(2+)-calmodulin, actin, tropomyosin, myosin, and phospholipids. This protein is a potent inhibitor of the actin-tropomyosin activated myosin MgATPase, and serves as a mediating factor for Ca(2+)-dependent inhibition of smooth muscle contraction. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCNB3 | cyclin B3|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as positive regulators of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and thereby play an essential role in the control of the cell cycle. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns, which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. Studies of similar genes in chicken and drosophila suggest that this cyclin may associate with CDC2 and CDK2 kinases, and may be required for proper spindle reorganization and restoration of the interphase nucleus. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| CCNB2 | cyclin B2|Cyclin B2 is a member of the cyclin family, specifically the B-type cyclins. The B-type cyclins, B1 and B2, associate with p34cdc2 and are essential components of the cell cycle regulatory machinery. B1 and B2 differ in their subcellular localization. Cyclin B1 co-localizes with microtubules, whereas cyclin B2 is primarily associated with the Golgi region. Cyclin B2 also binds to transforming growth factor beta RII and thus cyclin B2/cdc2 may play a key role in transforming growth factor beta-mediated cell cycle control. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCNB1 | cyclin B1|The protein encoded by this gene is a regulatory protein involved in mitosis. The gene product complexes with p34(cdc2) to form the maturation-promoting factor (MPF). Two alternative transcripts have been found, a constitutively expressed transcript and a cell cycle-regulated transcript, that is expressed predominantly during G2/M phase. The different transcripts result from the use of alternate transcription initiation sites. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VPS18 | vacuolar protein sorting 18 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|Vesicle mediated protein sorting plays an important role in segregation of intracellular molecules into distinct organelles. Genetic studies in yeast have identified more than 40 vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) genes involved in vesicle transport to vacuoles. This gene encodes the human homolog of yeast class C Vps18 protein. The mammalian class C Vps proteins are predominantly associated with late endosomes/lysosomes, and like their yeast counterparts, may mediate vesicle trafficking steps in the endosome/lysosome pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VPS16 | vacuolar protein sorting 16 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|Vesicle mediated protein sorting plays an important role in segregation of intracellular molecules into distinct organelles. Genetic studies in yeast have identified more than 40 vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) genes involved in vesicle transport to vacuoles. This gene encodes the human homolog of yeast class C Vps16 protein. The mammalian class C Vps proteins are predominantly associated with late endosomes/lysosomes, and like their yeast counterparts, may mediate vesicle trafficking steps in the endosome/lysosome pathway. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| NUP62CL | nucleoporin 62kDa C-terminal like|This gene encodes a protein containing a domain found in nucleoporins which are glycoproteins found in nuclear pore complexes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| CSTF1 | cleavage stimulation factor, 3' pre-RNA, subunit 1, 50kDa|This gene encodes one of three subunits which combine to form cleavage stimulation factor (CSTF). CSTF is involved in the polyadenylation and 3'end cleavage of pre-mRNAs. Similar to mammalian G protein beta subunits, this protein contains transducin-like repeats. Several transcript variants with different 5' UTR, but encoding the same protein, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FIBP | fibroblast growth factor (acidic) intracellular binding protein|Acidic fibroblast growth factor is mitogenic for a variety of different cell types and acts by stimulating mitogenesis or inducing morphological changes and differentiation. The FIBP protein is an intracellular protein that binds selectively to acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF). It is postulated that FIBP may be involved in the mitogenic action of aFGF. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CSTF3 | cleavage stimulation factor, 3' pre-RNA, subunit 3, 77kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is one of three (including CSTF1 and CSTF2) cleavage stimulation factors that combine to form the cleavage stimulation factor complex (CSTF). This complex is involved in the polyadenylation and 3' end cleavage of pre-mRNAs. The encoded protein functions as a homodimer and interacts directly with both CSTF1 and CSTF2 in the CSTF complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CSTF2 | cleavage stimulation factor, 3' pre-RNA, subunit 2, 64kDa|This gene encodes a nuclear protein with an RRM (RNA recognition motif) domain. The protein is a member of the cleavage stimulation factor (CSTF) complex that is involved in the 3' end cleavage and polyadenylation of pre-mRNAs. Specifically, this protein binds GU-rich elements within the 3'-untranslated region of mRNAs. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ERBB4 | erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4|This gene is a member of the Tyr protein kinase family and the epidermal growth factor receptor subfamily. It encodes a single-pass type I membrane protein with multiple cysteine rich domains, a transmembrane domain, a tyrosine kinase domain, a phosphotidylinositol-3 kinase binding site and a PDZ domain binding motif. The protein binds to and is activated by neuregulins and other factors and induces a variety of cellular responses including mitogenesis and differentiation. Multiple proteolytic events allow for the release of a cytoplasmic fragment and an extracellular fragment. Mutations in this gene have been associated with cancer. Alternatively spliced variants which encode different protein isoforms have been described; however, not all variants have been fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ILF3 | interleukin enhancer binding factor 3, 90kDa|This gene encodes a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) binding protein that complexes with other proteins, dsRNAs, small noncoding RNAs, and mRNAs to regulate gene expression and stabilize mRNAs. This protein (NF90, ILF3) forms a heterodimer with a 45 kDa transcription factor (NF45, ILF2) required for T-cell expression of interleukin 2. This complex has been shown to affect the redistribution of nuclear mRNA to the cytoplasm. Knockdown of NF45 or NF90 protein retards cell growth, possibly by inhibition of mRNA stabilization. In contrast, an isoform (NF110) of this gene that is predominantly restricted to the nucleus has only minor effects on cell growth when its levels are reduced. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| ILF2 | interleukin enhancer binding factor 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor required for T-cell expression of the interleukin 2 gene. It also binds RNA and is an essential component for encapsidation and protein priming of hepatitis B viral polymerase. The encoded 45 kDa protein (NF45, ILF2) forms a complex with the 90 kDa interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3 (NF90, ILF3), and this complex has been shown to affect the redistribution of nuclear mRNA to the cytoplasm, to repair DNA breaks by nonhomologous end joining, and to negatively regulate the microRNA processing pathway. Knockdown of NF45 or NF90 protein retards cell growth, possibly by inhibition of mRNA stabilization. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been found on chromosomes 3 and 14. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| POU2F2 | POU class 2 homeobox 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a homeobox-containing transcription factor of the POU domain family. The encoded protein binds the octamer sequence 5'-ATTTGCAT-3', a common transcription factor binding site in immunoglobulin gene promoters. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| POU2F3 | POU class 2 homeobox 3|This gene encodes a member of the POU domain family of transcription factors. POU domain transcription factors bind to a specific octamer DNA motif and regulate cell type-specific differentiation pathways. The encoded protein is primarily expressed in the epidermis, and plays a critical role in keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. The encoded protein is also a candidate tumor suppressor protein, and aberrant promoter methylation of this gene may play a role in cervical cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| POU2F1 | POU class 2 homeobox 1|The OCT1 transcription factor was among the first identified members of the POU transcription factor family (summarized by Sturm et al., 1993 [PubMed 8314572]). Members of this family contain the POU domain, a 160-amino acid region necessary for DNA binding to the octameric sequence ATGCAAAT.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2010] |
| BPTF | bromodomain PHD finger transcription factor|This gene was identified by the reactivity of its encoded protein to a monoclonal antibody prepared against brain homogenates from patients with Alzheimer's disease. Analysis of the original protein (fetal Alz-50 reactive clone 1, or FAC1), identified as an 810 aa protein containing a DNA-binding domain and a zinc finger motif, suggested it might play a role in the regulation of transcription. High levels of FAC1 were detected in fetal brain and in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. The protein encoded by this gene is actually much larger than originally thought, and it also contains a C-terminal bromodomain characteristic of proteins that regulate transcription during proliferation. The encoded protein is highly similar to the largest subunit of the Drosophila NURF (nucleosome remodeling factor) complex. In Drosophila, the NURF complex, which catalyzes nucleosome sliding on DNA and interacts with sequence-specific transcription factors, is necessary for the chromatin remodeling required for transcription. Two alternative transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described completely. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C1orf122 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 122| |
| C1orf123 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 123| |
| PCCB | propionyl CoA carboxylase, beta polypeptide|The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) enzyme, which is involved in the catabolism of propionyl-CoA. PCC is a mitochondrial enzyme that probably acts as a dodecamer of six alpha subunits and six beta subunits. This gene encodes the beta subunit of PCC. Defects in this gene are a cause of propionic acidemia type II (PA-2). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| ACSM3 | acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 3| |
| SYMPK | symplekin|This gene encodes a nuclear protein that functions in the regulation of polyadenylation and promotes gene expression. The protein forms a high-molecular weight complex with components of the polyadenylation machinery. It is thought to serve as a scaffold for recruiting regulatory factors to the polyadenylation complex. It also participates in 3'-end maturation of histone mRNAs, which do not undergo polyadenylation. The protein also localizes to the cytoplasmic plaques of tight junctions in some cell types. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LRRC16A | leucine rich repeat containing 16A| |
| SIVA1 | SIVA1, apoptosis-inducing factor|This gene encodes a protein with an important role in the apoptotic (programmed cell death) pathway induced by the CD27 antigen, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TFNR) superfamily. The CD27 antigen cytoplasmic tail binds to the N-terminus of this protein. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct proteins have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FCHO1 | FCH domain only 1| |
| OGN | osteoglycin|This gene encodes a protein which induces ectopic bone formation in conjunction with transforming growth factor beta. This protein is a small proteoglycan which contains tandem leucine-rich repeats (LRR). Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCT4 | chaperonin containing TCP1, subunit 4 (delta)|The chaperonin containing TCP1 (MIM 186980) complex (CCT), also called the TCP1 ring complex, consists of 2 back-to-back rings, each containing 8 unique but homologous subunits, such as CCT4. CCT assists the folding of newly translated polypeptide substrates through multiple rounds of ATP-driven release and rebinding of partially folded intermediate forms. Substrates of CCT include the cytoskeletal proteins actin (see MIM 102560) and tubulin (see MIM 191130), as well as alpha-transducin (MIM 139330) (Won et al., 1998 [PubMed 9819444]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SOX30 | SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 30|This gene encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of the cell fate. The encoded protein acts as a transcriptional regulator when present in a complex with other proteins. It can activate p53 transcription to promote tumor cell apoptosis in lung cancer. The protein may be involved in the differentiation of developing male germ cells. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 5. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| SFRP4 | secreted frizzled-related protein 4|Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) is a member of the SFRP family that contains a cysteine-rich domain homologous to the putative Wnt-binding site of Frizzled proteins. SFRPs act as soluble modulators of Wnt signaling. The expression of SFRP4 in ventricular myocardium correlates with apoptosis related gene expression. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CEP135 | centrosomal protein 135kDa|This gene encodes a centrosomal protein, which acts as a scaffolding protein during early centriole biogenesis, and is also required for centriole-centriole cohesion during interphase. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive primary microcephaly-8. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| TPD52 | tumor protein D52| |
| AKAP3 | A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 3|This gene encodes a member of A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs), a family of functionally related proteins that target protein kinase A to discrete locations within the cell. The encoded protein is reported to participate in protein-protein interactions with the R-subunit of the protein kinase A as well as sperm-associated proteins. This protein is expressed in spermatozoa and localized to the acrosomal region of the sperm head as well as the length of the principal piece. It may function as a regulator of motility, capacitation, and the acrosome reaction. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| PZP | pregnancy-zone protein| |
| CLN6 | ceroid-lipofuscinosis, neuronal 6, late infantile, variant|This gene is one of eight which have been associated with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL). Also referred to as Batten disease, NCL comprises a class of autosomal recessive, neurodegenerative disorders affecting children. The genes responsible likely encode proteins involved in the degradation of post-translationally modified proteins in lysosomes. The primary defect in NCL disorders is thought to be associated with lysosomal storage function. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| CLN5 | ceroid-lipofuscinosis, neuronal 5|This gene is one of eight which have been associated with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL). Also referred to as Batten disease, NCL comprises a class of autosomal recessive, neurodegenerative disorders affecting children. The genes responsible likely encode proteins involved in the degradation of post-translationally modified proteins in lysosomes. The primary defect in NCL disorders is thought to be associated with lysosomal storage function.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| CLN3 | ceroid-lipofuscinosis, neuronal 3|This gene encodes a protein that is involved in lysosomal function. Mutations in this, as well as other neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (CLN) genes, cause neurodegenerative diseases commonly known as Batten disease or collectively known as neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs). Many alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SACM1L | SAC1 suppressor of actin mutations 1-like (yeast)| |
| ATP5G3 | ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit C3 (subunit 9)|This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene is one of three genes that encode subunit c of the proton channel. Each of the three genes have distinct mitochondrial import sequences but encode the identical mature protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different proteins have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| CLN8 | ceroid-lipofuscinosis, neuronal 8 (epilepsy, progressive with mental retardation)|This gene encodes a transmembrane protein belonging to a family of proteins containing TLC domains, which are postulated to function in lipid synthesis, transport, or sensing. The protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and may recycle between the ER and ER-Golgi intermediate compartment. Mutations in this gene are associated with progressive epilepsy with mental retardation (EMPR), which is a subtype of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL). Patients with mutations in this gene have altered levels of sphingolipid and phospholipids in the brain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AUP1 | ancient ubiquitous protein 1|The protein encoded this gene is involved in several pathways including quality control of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplet accumulation. Lipid droplets are organelles in the cytoplasm that store neutral lipids such as cholesterol esters and trigylycerides to prevent the overabundance of free cholesterol and fatty acids in cells, but also to act as storage for other metabolic processes, such as membrane biogenesis. Reduced expression of this gene results in reduced lipid droplet clustering, a function that is dependent on ubiquitination of the protein. This protein contains multiple domains including a hydrophobic N-terminal domain, an acetyltranferase domain, a ubiquitin-binding CUE domain, and a UBE2B2-binding domain (G2BR). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| CLNK | cytokine-dependent hematopoietic cell linker|MIST is a member of the SLP76 family of adaptors (see LCP2, MIM 601603; BLNK, MIM 604515). MIST plays a role in the regulation of immunoreceptor signaling, including PLC-gamma (PLCG1; MIM 172420)-mediated B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling and FC-epsilon R1 (see FCER1A, MIM 147140)-mediated mast cell degranulation (Cao et al., 1999 [PubMed 10562326]; Goitsuka et al., 2000, 2001 [PubMed 10744659] [PubMed 11463797]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ACSM2B | acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 2B| |
| TJP1 | tight junction protein 1|This gene encodes a protein located on a cytoplasmic membrane surface of intercellular tight junctions. The encoded protein may be involved in signal transduction at cell-cell junctions. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| CPLX2 | complexin 2|Proteins encoded by the complexin/synaphin gene family are cytosolic proteins that function in synaptic vesicle exocytosis. These proteins bind syntaxin, part of the SNAP receptor. The protein product of this gene binds to the SNAP receptor complex and disrupts it, allowing transmitter release. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UBE2K | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2K|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. This protein interacts with RING finger proteins, and it can ubiquitinate huntingtin, the gene product for Huntington's disease. Known functions for this protein include a role in aggregate formation of expanded polyglutamine proteins and the suppression of apoptosis in polyglutamine diseases, a role in the dislocation of newly synthesized MHC class I heavy chains from the endoplasmic reticulum, and involvement in foam cell formation. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TOR1AIP2 | torsin A interacting protein 2| |
| TOR1AIP1 | torsin A interacting protein 1|This gene encodes a type 2 integral membrane protein that binds A- and B-type laminins. The encoded protein localizes to the inner nuclear membrane and may be involved in maintaining the attachment of the nuclear membrane to the nuclear lamina during cell division. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| PCDHGB2 | protocadherin gamma subfamily B, 2|This gene is a member of the protocadherin gamma gene cluster, one of three related clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. These gene clusters have an immunoglobulin-like organization, suggesting that a novel mechanism may be involved in their regulation and expression. The gamma gene cluster includes 22 genes divided into 3 subfamilies. Subfamily A contains 12 genes, subfamily B contains 7 genes and 2 pseudogenes, and the more distantly related subfamily C contains 3 genes. The tandem array of 22 large, variable region exons are followed by a constant region, containing 3 exons shared by all genes in the cluster. Each variable region exon encodes the extracellular region, which includes 6 cadherin ectodomains and a transmembrane region. The constant region exons encode the common cytoplasmic region. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been described for the gamma cluster genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNF185 | ring finger protein 185| |
| LIMA1 | LIM domain and actin binding 1|This gene encodes a cytoskeleton-associated protein that inhibits actin filament depolymerization and cross-links filaments in bundles. It is downregulated in some cancer cell lines. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene, and expression of some of the variants maybe independently regulated. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| RNF187 | ring finger protein 187| |
| RNF186 | ring finger protein 186| |
| RNF181 | ring finger protein 181|RNF181 binds the integrin alpha-IIb (ITGA2B; MIM 607759)/beta-3 (ITGB3; MIM 173470) complex and has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity (Brophy et al., 2008 [PubMed 18331836]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2008] |
| TCF7L1 | transcription factor 7-like 1 (T-cell specific, HMG-box)|This gene encodes a member of the T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor family of transcription factors. These transcription factors are activated by beta catenin, mediate the Wnt signaling pathway and are antagonized by the transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway. The encoded protein contains a high mobility group-box DNA binding domain and participates in the regulation of cell cycle genes and cellular senescence. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| RNF183 | ring finger protein 183| |
| RNF182 | ring finger protein 182| |
| CHMP2A | charged multivesicular body protein 2A|CHMP2A belongs to the chromatin-modifying protein/charged multivesicular body protein (CHMP) family. These proteins are components of ESCRT-III (endosomal sorting complex required for transport III), a complex involved in degradation of surface receptor proteins and formation of endocytic multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Some CHMPs have both nuclear and cytoplasmic/vesicular distributions, and one such CHMP, CHMP1A (MIM 164010), is required for both MVB formation and regulation of cell cycle progression (Tsang et al., 2006 [PubMed 16730941]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| BMPR2 | bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type II (serine/threonine kinase)|This gene encodes a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor family of transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. The ligands of this receptor are BMPs, which are members of the TGF-beta superfamily. BMPs are involved in endochondral bone formation and embryogenesis. These proteins transduce their signals through the formation of heteromeric complexes of two different types of serine (threonine) kinase receptors: type I receptors of about 50-55 kD and type II receptors of about 70-80 kD. Type II receptors bind ligands in the absence of type I receptors, but they require their respective type I receptors for signaling, whereas type I receptors require their respective type II receptors for ligand binding. Mutations in this gene have been associated with primary pulmonary hypertension, both familial and fenfluramine-associated, and with pulmonary venoocclusive disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PNPO | pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase|The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes the terminal, rate-limiting step in the synthesis of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, also known as vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 is a required co-factor for enzymes involved in both homocysteine metabolism and synthesis of neurotransmitters such as catecholamine. Mutations in this gene result in pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase (PNPO) deficiency, a form of neonatal epileptic encephalopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| SPESP1 | sperm equatorial segment protein 1|The encoded protein is a human alloantigen involved in sperm-egg binding and fusion. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| PPAN | peter pan homolog (Drosophila)|The protein encoded by this gene is an evolutionarily conserved protein similar to yeast SSF1 as well as to the gene product of the Drosophila gene peter pan (ppan). SSF1 is known to be involved in the second step of mRNA splicing. Both SSF1 and ppan are essential for cell growth and proliferation. Exogenous expression of this gene was reported to reduce the anchorage-independent growth of some tumor cells. Read-through transcription of this gene with P2RY11/P2Y(11), an adjacent downstream gene that encodes an ATP receptor, has been found. These read-through transcripts are ubiquitously present and up-regulated during granulocyte differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| ZBTB22 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 22| |
| RBX1 | ring-box 1, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This locus encodes a RING finger-like domain-containing protein. The encoded protein interacts with cullin proteins and likely plays a role in ubiquitination processes necessary for cell cycle progression. This protein may also affect protein turnover. Related pseudogenes exist on chromosomes 2 and 5.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| ZBTB20 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 20| |
| ZBTB21 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 21| |
| GBF1 | golgi brefeldin A resistant guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1|This gene encodes a member of the Sec7 domain family. The encoded protein is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that regulates the recruitment of proteins to membranes by mediating GDP to GTP exchange. The encoded protein is localized to the Golgi apparatus and plays a role in vesicular trafficking by activating ADP ribosylation factor 1. The encoded protein has also been identified as an important host factor for viral replication. Multiple transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| ZBTB24 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 24|This gene encodes a protein similar to a protein in rodents which is induced by bone morphogenic protein 2 in vitro. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| ZBTB25 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 25| |
| SMIM3 | small integral membrane protein 3| |
| APBB1IP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein-binding, family B, member 1 interacting protein| |
| CTSW | cathepsin W|The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the peptidase C1 family, is a cysteine proteinase that may have a specific function in the mechanism or regulation of T-cell cytolytic activity. The encoded protein is found associated with the membrane inside the endoplasmic reticulum of natural killer and cytotoxic T-cells. Expression of this gene is up-regulated by interleukin-2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HBZ | hemoglobin, zeta|Zeta-globin is an alpha-like hemoglobin. The zeta-globin polypeptide is synthesized in the yolk sac of the early embryo, while alpha-globin is produced throughout fetal and adult life. The zeta-globin gene is a member of the human alpha-globin gene cluster that includes five functional genes and two pseudogenes. The order of genes is: 5' - zeta - pseudozeta - mu - pseudoalpha-1 - alpha-2 -alpha-1 - theta1 - 3'. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| CAMTA1 | calmodulin binding transcription activator 1| |
| CDYL2 | chromodomain protein, Y-like 2| |
| SKI | SKI proto-oncogene|This gene encodes the nuclear protooncogene protein homolog of avian sarcoma viral (v-ski) oncogene. It functions as a repressor of TGF-beta signaling, and may play a role in neural tube development and muscle differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| FAM71E1 | family with sequence similarity 71, member E1| |
| GOLGA6B | golgin A6 family, member B|This gene is found in a large, low copy repeat sequence or duplicon that is found in multiple copies, which are greater than 90% similar, on chromosome 15. Duplicons are associated with deletions, inversions and other chromosomal rearrangements that underlie genomic disease. This gene is a member of the golgin gene family, whose protein products localize to the Golgi apparatus. The majority of the related gene copies are thought to be transcribed pseudogenes. It is not known whether this gene is a pseudogene or if it encodes a golgin protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TNS3 | tensin 3| |
| MS4A5 | membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 5|This gene encodes a member of the membrane-spanning 4A gene family. Members of this nascent protein family are characterized by common structural features and similar intron/exon splice boundaries and display unique expression patterns among hematopoietic cells and nonlymphoid tissues. Though this member is not expressed in hematopoietic cells specifically, it may be involved in signal transduction like many of its related family members. The gene encoding this protein is localized to 11q12, among a cluster of family members. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MFF | mitochondrial fission factor|This is a nuclear gene encoding a protein that functions in mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission. The encoded protein recruits dynamin-1-like protein (DNM1L) to mitochondria. There are multiple pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes 1, 5, and X. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| MROH1 | maestro heat-like repeat family member 1| |
| LIMCH1 | LIM and calponin homology domains 1| |
| ZNF133 | zinc finger protein 133| |
| CLDND1 | claudin domain containing 1| |
| C16orf87 | chromosome 16 open reading frame 87| |
| SYT12 | synaptotagmin XII|This gene is a member of the synaptotagmin gene family and encodes a protein similar to other family members that mediate calcium-dependent regulation of membrane trafficking in synaptic transmission. Studies of the orthologous gene in rat have shown that the encoded protein selectively modulates spontaneous synaptic-vesicle exocytosis and may also be involved in regulating calcium independent secretion in nonneuronal cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. The gene has previously been referred to as synaptotagmin XI but has been renamed synaptotagmin XII to be standard with mouse and rat official nomenclature.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| SYT13 | synaptotagmin XIII|This gene encodes a member of the large synaptotagmin protein family. Family members have an extracellular N-terminal transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic C terminus with two tandem C2 domains (C2A and C2B). Synaptotogmin family members can form homo- and heteromeric complexes with each other. They also have different biochemical properties and developmental profiles, and patterns of tissue distribution. Synaptotagmins function as membrane traffickers in multicellular organisms. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| SYT11 | synaptotagmin XI|This gene is a member of the synaptotagmin gene family and encodes a protein similar to other family members that are known calcium sensors and mediate calcium-dependent regulation of membrane trafficking in synaptic transmission. The encoded protein is also a substrate for ubiquitin-E3-ligase parkin. The gene has previously been referred to as synaptotagmin XII but has been renamed synaptotagmin XI to be consistent with mouse and rat official nomenclature. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| SYT16 | synaptotagmin XVI| |
| SYT17 | synaptotagmin XVII| |
| SYT14 | synaptotagmin XIV|This gene is a member of the synaptotagmin gene family and encodes a protein similar to other family members that mediate membrane trafficking in synaptic transmission. The encoded protein is a calcium-independent synaptotagmin. Mutations in this gene are a cause of autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia-11 (SCAR11), and a t(1;3) translocation of this gene has been associated with neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 4. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| JMJD1C | jumonji domain containing 1C| |
| TM4SF20 | transmembrane 4 L six family member 20| |
| GEM | GTP binding protein overexpressed in skeletal muscle|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the RAD/GEM family of GTP-binding proteins. It is associated with the inner face of the plasma membrane and could play a role as a regulatory protein in receptor-mediated signal transduction. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RIC8B | RIC8 guanine nucleotide exchange factor B| |
| RIC8A | RIC8 guanine nucleotide exchange factor A| |
| NEDD4L | neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 4-like, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This gene encodes a member of the Nedd4 family of HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligases. HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligases transfer ubiquitin from E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes to protein substrates, thus targeting specific proteins for lysosomal degradation. The encoded protein mediates the ubiquitination of multiple target substrates and plays a critical role in epithelial sodium transport by regulating the cell surface expression of the epithelial sodium channel, ENaC. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with essential hypertension. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| BAHCC1 | BAH domain and coiled-coil containing 1| |
| EHBP1 | EH domain binding protein 1|This gene encodes an Eps15 homology domain binding protein. The encoded protein may play a role in endocytic trafficking. A single nucleotide polymorphism in this gene is associated with an aggressive form of prostate cancer. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| DDT | A chlorophenylethane that is 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-diphenylethane substituted by additional chloro substituents at positions 4 of the phenyl substituents. It is a commonly used organochlorine insecticide. |
| PCDHGA8 | protocadherin gamma subfamily A, 8|This gene is a member of the protocadherin gamma gene cluster, one of three related clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. These gene clusters have an immunoglobulin-like organization, suggesting that a novel mechanism may be involved in their regulation and expression. The gamma gene cluster includes 22 genes divided into 3 subfamilies. Subfamily A contains 12 genes, subfamily B contains 7 genes and 2 pseudogenes, and the more distantly related subfamily C contains 3 genes. The tandem array of 22 large, variable region exons are followed by a constant region, containing 3 exons shared by all genes in the cluster. Each variable region exon encodes the extracellular region, which includes 6 cadherin ectodomains and a transmembrane region. The constant region exons encode the common cytoplasmic region. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been described for the gamma cluster genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DDO | D-aspartate oxidase|The protein encoded by this gene is a peroxisomal flavoprotein that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of D-aspartate and N-methyl D-aspartate. Flavin adenine dinucleotide or 6-hydroxyflavin adenine dinucleotide can serve as the cofactor in this reaction. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DDN | dendrin| |
| DTNBP1 | dystrobrevin binding protein 1|This gene encodes a protein that may play a role in organelle biogenesis associated with melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and lysosomes. A similar protein in mouse is a component of a protein complex termed biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC-1), and binds to alpha- and beta-dystrobrevins, which are components of the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DPC). Mutations in this gene are associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 7. This gene may also be associated with schizophrenia. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DDC | dopa decarboxylase (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase)|The encoded protein catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) to dopamine, L-5-hydroxytryptophan to serotonin and L-tryptophan to tryptamine. Defects in this gene are the cause of aromatic L-amino-acid decarboxylase deficiency (AADCD). AADCD deficiency is an inborn error in neurotransmitter metabolism that leads to combined serotonin and catecholamine deficiency. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| LAMC3 | laminin, gamma 3|Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Laminins are composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively) and they form a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. Several isoforms of each chain have been described. Different alpha, beta and gamma chain isomers combine to give rise to different heterotrimeric laminin isoforms which are designated by Arabic numerals in the order of their discovery, i.e. alpha1beta1gamma1 heterotrimer is laminin 1. The biological functions of the different chains and trimer molecules are largely unknown, but some of the chains have been shown to differ with respect to their tissue distribution, presumably reflecting diverse functions in vivo. This gene encodes the gamma chain isoform laminin, gamma 3. The gamma 3 chain is most similar to the gamma 1 chain, and contains all the 6 domains expected of the gamma chain. It is a component of laminin 12. The gamma 3 chain is broadly expressed in skin, heart, lung, and the reproductive tracts. In skin, it is seen within the basement membrane of the dermal-epidermal junction at points of nerve penetration. Gamma 3 is also a prominent element of the apical surface of ciliated epithelial cells of lung, oviduct, epididymis, ductus deferens, and seminiferous tubules. The distribution of gamma 3-containing laminins along ciliated epithelial surfaces suggests that the apical laminins are important in the morphogenesis and structural stability of the ciliated processes of these cells. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| PCDHGA1 | protocadherin gamma subfamily A, 1|This gene is a member of the protocadherin gamma gene cluster, one of three related clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. These gene clusters have an immunoglobulin-like organization, suggesting that a novel mechanism may be involved in their regulation and expression. The gamma gene cluster includes 22 genes divided into 3 subfamilies. Subfamily A contains 12 genes, subfamily B contains 7 genes and 2 pseudogenes, and the more distantly related subfamily C contains 3 genes. The tandem array of 22 large, variable region exons are followed by a constant region, containing 3 exons shared by all genes in the cluster. Each variable region exon encodes the extracellular region, which includes 6 cadherin ectodomains and a transmembrane region. The constant region exons encode the common cytoplasmic region. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been described for the gamma cluster genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHGA6 | protocadherin gamma subfamily A, 6|This gene is a member of the protocadherin gamma gene cluster, one of three related clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. These gene clusters have an immunoglobulin-like organization, suggesting that a novel mechanism may be involved in their regulation and expression. The gamma gene cluster includes 22 genes divided into 3 subfamilies. Subfamily A contains 12 genes, subfamily B contains 7 genes and 2 pseudogenes, and the more distantly related subfamily C contains 3 genes. The tandem array of 22 large, variable region exons are followed by a constant region, containing 3 exons shared by all genes in the cluster. Each variable region exon encodes the extracellular region, which includes 6 cadherin ectodomains and a transmembrane region. The constant region exons encode the common cytoplasmic region. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been described for the gamma cluster genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHGA7 | protocadherin gamma subfamily A, 7|This gene is a member of the protocadherin gamma gene cluster, one of three related clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. These gene clusters have an immunoglobulin-like organization, suggesting that a novel mechanism may be involved in their regulation and expression. The gamma gene cluster includes 22 genes divided into 3 subfamilies. Subfamily A contains 12 genes, subfamily B contains 7 genes and 2 pseudogenes, and the more distantly related subfamily C contains 3 genes. The tandem array of 22 large, variable region exons are followed by a constant region, containing 3 exons shared by all genes in the cluster. Each variable region exon encodes the extracellular region, which includes 6 cadherin ectodomains and a transmembrane region. The constant region exons encode the common cytoplasmic region. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been described for the gamma cluster genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHGA5 | protocadherin gamma subfamily A, 5|This gene is a member of the protocadherin gamma gene cluster, one of three related clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. These gene clusters have an immunoglobulin-like organization, suggesting that a novel mechanism may be involved in their regulation and expression. The gamma gene cluster includes 22 genes divided into 3 subfamilies. Subfamily A contains 12 genes, subfamily B contains 7 genes and 2 pseudogenes, and the more distantly related subfamily C contains 3 genes. The tandem array of 22 large, variable region exons are followed by a constant region, containing 3 exons shared by all genes in the cluster. Each variable region exon encodes the extracellular region, which includes 6 cadherin ectodomains and a transmembrane region. The constant region exons encode the common cytoplasmic region. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been described for the gamma cluster genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RWDD4 | RWD domain containing 4| |
| CCDC102B | coiled-coil domain containing 102B| |
| GSTT1 | glutathione S-transferase theta 1|The protein encoded by this gene, glutathione S-transferase (GST) theta 1 (GSTT1), is a member of a superfamily of proteins that catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione to a variety of electrophilic and hydrophobic compounds. Human GSTs can be divided into five main classes: alpha, mu, pi, theta, and zeta. The theta class includes GSTT1 and GSTT2. GSTT1 and GSTT2 share 55% amino acid sequence identity and both may play an important role in human carcinogenesis. The GSTT1 and GSTT2 genes have a similar structure, being composed of five exons with identical exon/intron boundaries. This GSTT1 gene is haplotype-specific and is absent from 38% of the population. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Two related pseudogenes, which are also located on chromosome 22, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| RWDD1 | RWD domain containing 1| |
| CDC14B | cell division cycle 14B|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein tyrosine phosphatase family. This protein is highly similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc14, a protein tyrosine phosphatase involved in the exit of cell mitosis and initiation of DNA replication, which suggests the role in cell cycle control. This protein has been shown to interact with and dephosphorylates tumor suppressor protein p53, and is thought to regulate the function of p53. Alternative splice of this gene results in 3 transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDC14A | cell division cycle 14A|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein tyrosine phosphatase family. It is highly similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc14, a protein tyrosine phosphatase involved in the exit of cell mitosis and initiation of DNA replication, suggesting a role in cell cycle control. This protein has been shown to interact with, and dephosphorylate tumor suppressor protein p53, and is thought to regulate the function of p53. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPR179 | G protein-coupled receptor 179|This gene encodes a member of the glutamate receptor subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors. The encoded protein has an EGF-like calcium binding domain and a seven transmembrane domain in the N-terminal region of the protein. Mutations in this gene are associated with congenital stationary night blindness type 1E. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| WWC3 | WWC family member 3|This gene encodes a member of the WWC family of proteins, which also includes the WWC1 (KIBRA) gene product and the WWC2 gene product. The protein encoded by this gene includes a C2 domain, which is known to mediate homodimerization in the related WWC1 gene product. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| ATP6V1G2 | ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 13kDa, V1 subunit G2|This gene encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of intracellular compartments of eukaryotic cells. V-ATPase dependent acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. V-ATPase is composed of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. The V1 domain consists of three A and three B subunits, two G subunits plus the C, D, E, F, and H subunits. The V1 domain contains the ATP catalytic site. The V0 domain consists of five different subunits: a, c, c', c'', and d. Additional isoforms of many of the V1 and V0 subunit proteins are encoded by multiple genes or alternatively spliced transcript variants. This encoded protein is one of three V1 domain G subunit proteins. This gene had previous gene symbols of ATP6G and ATP6G2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the downstream DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 39B (DDX39B) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| ATP6V1G1 | ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 13kDa, V1 subunit G1|This gene encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of eukaryotic intracellular organelles. V-ATPase dependent organelle acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. V-ATPase is composed of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. The V1 domain consists of three A, three B, and two G subunits, as well as a C, D, E, F, and H subunit. The V1 domain contains the ATP catalytic site. The protein encoded by this gene is one of three V1 domain G subunit proteins. Pseudogenes of this gene have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WWC2 | WW and C2 domain containing 2| |
| LAMTOR4 | late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor, MAPK and MTOR activator 4| |
| LAMTOR5 | late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor, MAPK and MTOR activator 5|This gene encodes a protein that specifically complexes with the C-terminus of hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx). The function of this protein is to negatively regulate HBx activity and thus to alter the replication life cycle of the virus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LRRC37B | leucine rich repeat containing 37B| |
| PHF2 | PHD finger protein 2|This gene encodes a protein which contains a zinc finger-like PHD (plant homeodomain) finger, distinct from other classes of zinc finger motifs, and a hydrophobic and highly conserved domain. The PHD finger shows the typical Cys4-His-Cys3 arrangement. PHD finger genes are thought to belong to a diverse group of transcriptional regulators possibly affecting eukaryotic gene expression by influencing chromatin structure. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PHF3 | PHD finger protein 3|This gene encodes a member of a PHD finger-containing gene family. This gene may function as a transcription factor and may be involved in glioblastomas development. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| LAMTOR2 | late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor, MAPK and MTOR activator 2|The product of this gene is highly conserved with a mouse protein associated with the cytoplasmic face of late endosomes and lysosomes. The mouse protein interacts with MAPK scaffold protein 1, a component of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In humans, a mutation in this gene has been associated with a primary immunodeficiency syndrome, and suggests a role for this protein in endosomal biogenesis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| GPR176 | G protein-coupled receptor 176|Members of the G protein-coupled receptor family, such as GPR176, are cell surface receptors involved in responses to hormones, growth factors, and neurotransmitters (Hata et al., 1995 [PubMed 7893747]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2008] |
| VPS28 | vacuolar protein sorting 28 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a protein subunit of the ESCRT-I complex (endosomal complexes required for transport), which functions in the transport and sorting of proteins into subcellular vesicles. This complex can also be hijacked to facilitate the budding of enveloped viruses from the cell membrane. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| MEIOB | meiosis specific with OB domains| |
| SH3YL1 | SH3 and SYLF domain containing 1| |
| OBP2A | odorant binding protein 2A|This gene encodes a small extracellular protein belonging to the lipocalin superfamily. The protein is thought to transport small, hydrophobic, volatile molecules or odorants through the nasal mucus to olfactory receptors, and may also function as a scavenger of highly concentrated or toxic odors. The protein is expressed as a monomer in the nasal mucus, and can bind diverse types of odorants with a higher affinity for aldehydes and fatty acids. This gene and a highly similar family member are located in a cluster of lipocalin genes on chromosome 9. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAP1GDS1 | RAP1, GTP-GDP dissociation stimulator 1|The smg GDP dissociation stimulator (smgGDS) protein is a stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein with GTPase activity (Riess et al., 1993 [PubMed 8262526]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2010] |
| DDX31 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 31|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this DEAD box protein family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a member of this family. The function of this member has not been determined. Alternative splicing of this gene generates 2 transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TCHH | trichohyalin|Trichohyalin confers mechanical strength to the hair follicle inner root sheath and to other toughened epithelial tissues, such as the hard palate and filiform ridges of the tongue, by forming multiple complex crosslinks with itself and with other structural proteins (Steinert et al., 2003 [PubMed 12853460]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2009] |
| WHSC1L1 | Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1-like 1|This gene is related to the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate-1 gene and encodes a protein with PWWP (proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline) domains. This protein methylates histone H3 at lysine residues 4 and 27, which represses gene transcription. Two alternatively spliced variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, May 2015] |
| RAX | retina and anterior neural fold homeobox|This gene encodes a homeobox-containing transcription factor that functions in eye development. The gene is expressed early in the eye primordia, and is required for retinal cell fate determination and also regulates stem cell proliferation. Mutations in this gene have been reported in patients with defects in ocular development, including microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| STRN4 | striatin, calmodulin binding protein 4| |
| ZNF232 | zinc finger protein 232| |
| STRN3 | striatin, calmodulin binding protein 3| |
| SDR16C5 | short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 16C, member 5|RDHE2 belongs to a family of short-chain alcohol dehydrogenases/reductases that catalyze the first and rate-limiting step that generates retinaldehyde from retinol (Matsuzaka et al., 2002 [PubMed 12372410]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SCGB2A1 | secretoglobin, family 2A, member 1| |
| C10orf2 | chromosome 10 open reading frame 2|This gene encodes a hexameric DNA helicase which unwinds short stretches of double-stranded DNA in the 5' to 3' direction and, along with mitochondrial single-stranded DNA binding protein and mtDNA polymerase gamma, is thought to play a key role in mtDNA replication. The protein localizes to the mitochondrial matrix and mitochondrial nucleoids. Mutations in this gene cause infantile onset spinocerebellar ataxia (IOSCA) and progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO) and are also associated with several mitochondrial depletion syndromes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| SS18L2 | synovial sarcoma translocation gene on chromosome 18-like 2|Synovial sarcomas occur most frequently in the extremities around large joints. More than 90% of cases have a recurrent and specific chromosomal translocation, t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2), in which the 5-prime end of the SS18 gene (MIM 600192) is fused in-frame to the 3-prime end of the SSX1 (MIM 312820), SSX2 (MIM 300192), or SSX4 (MIM 300326) gene. The SS18L2 gene is homologous to SS18.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002] |
| SS18L1 | synovial sarcoma translocation gene on chromosome 18-like 1|This gene encodes a calcium-responsive transactivator which is an essential subunit of a neuron-specific chromatin-remodeling complex. The structure of this gene is similar to that of the SS18 gene. Mutations in this gene are involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| VARS2 | valyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial|This gene encodes a mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, which catalyzes the attachment of valine to tRNA(Val) for mitochondrial translation. Mutations in this gene cause combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-20, and are also associated with early-onset mitochondrial encephalopathies. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014] |
| TP53AIP1 | tumor protein p53 regulated apoptosis inducing protein 1|This gene is specifically expressed in the thymus, and encodes a protein that is localized to the mitochondrion. The expression of this gene is inducible by p53, and it is thought to play an important role in mediating p53-dependent apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| ERN1 | endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1|The protein encoded by this gene is the ER to nucleus signalling 1 protein, a human homologue of the yeast Ire1 gene product. This protein possesses intrinsic kinase activity and an endoribonuclease activity and it is important in altering gene expression as a response to endoplasmic reticulum-based stress signals. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPS26 | ribosomal protein S26|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S26E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CST5 | cystatin D|The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a variety of human fluids and secretions. The cystatin locus on chromosome 20 contains the majority of the type 2 cystatin genes and pseudogenes. This gene is located in the cystatin locus and encodes a protein found in saliva and tears. The encoded protein may play a protective role against proteinases present in the oral cavity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPS24 | ribosomal protein S24|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S24E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. Mutations in this gene result in Diamond-Blackfan anemia. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| PRDX4 | peroxiredoxin 4|The protein encoded by this gene is an antioxidant enzyme and belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. The protein is localized to the cytoplasm. Peroxidases of the peroxiredoxin family reduce hydrogen peroxide and alkyl hydroperoxides to water and alcohol with the use of reducing equivalents derived from thiol-containing donor molecules. This protein has been found to play a regulatory role in the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPS23 | ribosomal protein S23|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S12P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. The protein shares significant amino acid similarity with S. cerevisiae ribosomal protein S28. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RIMBP2 | RIMS binding protein 2| |
| NDN | necdin, melanoma antigen (MAGE) family member|This intronless gene is located in the Prader-Willi syndrome deletion region. It is an imprinted gene and is expressed exclusively from the paternal allele. Studies in mouse suggest that the protein encoded by this gene may suppress growth in postmitotic neurons. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PHC2 | polyhomeotic homolog 2 (Drosophila)|In Drosophila melanogaster, the 'Polycomb' group (PcG) of genes are part of a cellular memory system that is responsible for the stable inheritance of gene activity. PcG proteins form a large multimeric, chromatin-associated protein complex. The protein encoded by this gene has homology to the Drosophila PcG protein 'polyhomeotic' (Ph) and is known to heterodimerize with EDR1 and colocalize with BMI1 in interphase nuclei of human cells. The specific function in human cells has not yet been determined. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPS28 | ribosomal protein S28|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S28E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATRN | attractin|Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms exist for this gene. One of the isoforms is a membrane-bound protein with sequence similarity to the mouse mahogany protein, a receptor involved in controlling obesity. The other two isoforms are secreted proteins involved in the initial immune cell clustering during inflammatory responses that may regulate the chemotactic activity of chemokines. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| OR1E2 | olfactory receptor, family 1, subfamily E, member 2|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OPRK1 | opioid receptor, kappa 1| |
| UGT1A10 | UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A10|This gene encodes a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, an enzyme of the glucuronidation pathway that transforms small lipophilic molecules, such as steroids, bilirubin, hormones, and drugs, into water-soluble, excretable metabolites. This gene is part of a complex locus that encodes several UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. The locus includes thirteen unique alternate first exons followed by four common exons. Four of the alternate first exons are considered pseudogenes. Each of the remaining nine 5' exons may be spliced to the four common exons, resulting in nine proteins with different N-termini and identical C-termini. Each first exon encodes the substrate binding site, and is regulated by its own promoter. The enzyme encoded by this gene has glucuronidase activity on mycophenolic acid, coumarins, and quinolines. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MVB12B | multivesicular body subunit 12B|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the ESCRT-I complex, a heterotetramer, which mediates the sorting of ubiquitinated cargo protein from the plasma membrane to the endosomal vesicle. ESCRT-I complex plays an essential role in HIV budding and endosomal protein sorting. Depletion and overexpression of this and related protein (MVB12A) inhibit HIV-1 infectivity and induce unusual viral assembly defects, indicating a role for MVB12 subunits in regulating ESCRT-mediated virus budding. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| NDP | Norrie disease (pseudoglioma)|This gene encodes a secreted protein with a cystein-knot motif that activates the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. The protein forms disulfide-linked oligomers in the extracellular matrix. Mutations in this gene result in Norrie disease and X-linked exudative vitreoretinopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| CHMP1A | charged multivesicular body protein 1A|This gene encodes a member of the CHMP/Chmp family of proteins which are involved in multivesicular body sorting of proteins to the interiors of lysosomes. The initial prediction of the protein sequence encoded by this gene suggested that the encoded protein was a metallopeptidase. The nomenclature has been updated recently to reflect the correct biological function of this encoded protein. Several transcripts encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| MVB12A | multivesicular body subunit 12A| |
| UCHL1 | ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1 (ubiquitin thiolesterase)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the peptidase C12 family. This enzyme is a thiol protease that hydrolyzes a peptide bond at the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin. This gene is specifically expressed in the neurons and in cells of the diffuse neuroendocrine system. Mutations in this gene may be associated with Parkinson disease.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| UCHL3 | ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L3 (ubiquitin thiolesterase)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the deubiquitinating enzyme family. Members of this family are proteases that catalyze the removal of ubiquitin from polypeptides and are divided into five classes, depending on the mechanism of catalysis. This protein may hydrolyze the ubiquitinyl-N-epsilon amide bond of ubiquitinated proteins to regenerate ubiquitin for another catalytic cycle. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| NFYC | nuclear transcription factor Y, gamma|This gene encodes one subunit of a trimeric complex forming a highly conserved transcription factor that binds with high specificity to CCAAT motifs in the promoters of a variety of genes. The encoded protein, subunit C, forms a tight dimer with the B subunit, a prerequisite for subunit A association. The resulting trimer binds to DNA with high specificity and affinity. Subunits B and C each contain a histone-like motif. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| TRAC | T cell receptor alpha constant| |
| HSD11B1L | hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 1-like|This gene is a member of the hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase family. The encoded protein is similar to an enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of inactive to active glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisone). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| RARRES3 | retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene induced) 3|Retinoids exert biologic effects such as potent growth inhibitory and cell differentiation activities and are used in the treatment of hyperproliferative dermatological diseases. These effects are mediated by specific nuclear receptor proteins that are members of the steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily of transcriptional regulators. RARRES1, RARRES2, and RARRES3 are genes whose expression is upregulated by the synthetic retinoid tazarotene. RARRES3 is thought act as a tumor suppressor or growth regulator. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PREB | prolactin regulatory element binding|This gene encodes a protein that specifically binds to a Pit1-binding element of the prolactin (PRL) promoter. This protein may act as a transcriptional regulator and is thought to be involved in some of the developmental abnormalities observed in patients with partial trisomy 2p. This gene overlaps the abhydrolase domain containing 1 (ABHD1) gene on the opposite strand. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COL13A1 | collagen, type XIII, alpha 1|This gene encodes the alpha chain of one of the nonfibrillar collagens. The function of this gene product is not known, however, it has been detected at low levels in all connective tissue-producing cells so it may serve a general function in connective tissues. Unlike most of the collagens, which are secreted into the extracellular matrix, collagen XIII contains a transmembrane domain and the protein has been localized to the plasma membrane. The transcripts for this gene undergo complex and extensive splicing involving at least eight exons. Like other collagens, collagen XIII is a trimer; it is not known whether this trimer is composed of one or more than one alpha chain isomer. A number of alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but the full length nature of some of them has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF407 | zinc finger protein 407|This gene encodes a zinc finger protein whose exact function is not known. It may be involved in transcriptional regulation. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| ZNF408 | zinc finger protein 408| |
| FAM9A | family with sequence similarity 9, member A|This gene is a member of a gene family which arose through duplication on the X chromosome. The encoded protein may be a nuclear protein that is localized to the nucleolus, and has some similarity to a synaptonemal complex protein. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| ARPC5L | actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 5-like| |
| GPSM2 | G-protein signaling modulator 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a family of proteins that modulate activation of G proteins, which transduce extracellular signals received by cell surface receptors into integrated cellular responses. The N-terminal half of this protein contains 10 copies of leu-gly-asn (LGN) repeat, and the C-terminal half contains 4 GoLoco motifs, which are involved in guanine nucleotide exchange. This protein may play a role in neuroblast division and in the development of normal hearing. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness (DFNB82).[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| GPSM3 | G-protein signaling modulator 3| |
| GPSM1 | G-protein signaling modulator 1|G-protein signaling modulators (GPSMs) play diverse functional roles through their interaction with G-protein subunits. This gene encodes a receptor-independent activator of G protein signaling, which is one of several factors that influence the basal activity of G-protein signaling systems. The protein contains seven tetratricopeptide repeats in its N-terminal half and four G-protein regulatory (GPR) motifs in its C-terminal half. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| CSAG1 | chondrosarcoma associated gene 1|This gene encodes a member of a family of tumor antigens. The protein is expressed in chondrosarcomas, but may also be expressed in normal tissues such as testis. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AIMP2 | aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 2|The JTV1 gene is located on chromosome 7p22 flanked by two genes, HRI and PMS2. JTV1 and HRI overlap slightly and are arranged in a tail-to-tail fashion. JTV1 and PMS2 are separated by approximately 200 base pairs and are arranged head-to-head. JTV1 is transcribed in the opposite direction compared to HRI and PMS2. The function of the JTV1 gene product is unknown. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AIMP1 | aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that is specifically induced by apoptosis, and it is involved in the control of angiogenesis, inflammation, and wound healing. The release of this cytokine renders the tumor-associated vasculature sensitive to tumor necrosis factor. The precursor protein is identical to the p43 subunit, which is associated with the multi-tRNA synthetase complex, and it modulates aminoacylation activity of tRNA synthetase in normal cells. This protein is also involved in the stimulation of inflammatory responses after proteolytic cleavage in tumor cells. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 20. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| PRELID1 | PRELI domain containing 1|This gene encodes a member of the late embryogenesis abundant motif-containing protein family. The encoded protein is localized to mitochondria and may function as a cytoprotectant by regulating cell death and differentiation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Several related pseudogenes have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| CBL | Cbl proto-oncogene, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This gene is a proto-oncogene that encodes a RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase. The encoded protein is one of the enzymes required for targeting substrates for degradation by the proteasome. This protein mediates the transfer of ubiquitin from ubiquitin conjugating enzymes (E2) to specific substrates. This protein also contains an N-terminal phosphotyrosine binding domain that allows it to interact with numerous tyrosine-phosphorylated substrates and target them for proteasome degradation. As such it functions as a negative regulator of many signal transduction pathways. This gene has been found to be mutated or translocated in many cancers including acute myeloid leukaemia. Mutations in this gene are also the cause of Noonan syndrome-like disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| ADPGK | ADP-dependent glucokinase|ADPGK (EC 2.7.1.147) catalyzes the ADP-dependent phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate and may play a role in glycolysis, possibly during ischemic conditions (Ronimus and Morgan, 2004 [PubMed 14975750]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PRELID2 | PRELI domain containing 2| |
| SOD2 | superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial|This gene is a member of the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family. It encodes a mitochondrial protein that forms a homotetramer and binds one manganese ion per subunit. This protein binds to the superoxide byproducts of oxidative phosphorylation and converts them to hydrogen peroxide and diatomic oxygen. Mutations in this gene have been associated with idiopathic cardiomyopathy (IDC), premature aging, sporadic motor neuron disease, and cancer. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HSH2D | hematopoietic SH2 domain containing|T-cell activation requires 2 signals: recognition of antigen by the T-cell receptor (see TCR; MIM 186880) and a costimulatory signal provided primarily by CD28 (MIM 186760) in naive T cells. HSH2 is a target of both of these signaling pathways (Greene et al., 2003 [PubMed 12960172]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MIEN1 | migration and invasion enhancer 1| |
| H6PD | hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (glucose 1-dehydrogenase)|There are 2 forms of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. G form is X-linked and H form, encoded by this gene, is autosomally linked. This H form shows activity with other hexose-6-phosphates, especially galactose-6-phosphate, whereas the G form is specific for glucose-6-phosphate. Both forms are present in most tissues, but H form is not found in red cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DDX3Y | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box helicase 3, Y-linked|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the DEAD-box RNA helicase family, characterized by nine conserved motifs, included the conserved Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD) motif. These motifs are thought to be involved in ATP binding, hydrolysis, RNA binding, and in the formation of intramolecular interactions. This protein shares high similarity to DDX3X, on the X chromosome, but a deletion of this gene is not complemented by DDX3X. Mutations in this gene result in male infertility, a reduction in germ cell numbers, and can result in Sertoli-cell only sydrome. Pseudogenes sharing similarity to both this gene and the DDX3X paralog are found on chromosome 4 and the X chromosome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| PRDM4 | PR domain containing 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor of the PR-domain protein family. It contains a PR-domain and multiple zinc finger motifs. Transcription factors of the PR-domain family are known to be involved in cell differentiation and tumorigenesis. An elevated expression level of this gene has been observed in PC12 cells treated with nerve growth factor, beta polypeptide (NGF). This gene is located in a chromosomal region that is thought to contain tumor suppressor genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PDRG1 | p53 and DNA-damage regulated 1| |
| VWA8 | von Willebrand factor A domain containing 8| |
| FAM171B | family with sequence similarity 171, member B| |
| CBS | cystathionine-beta-synthase|The protein encoded by this gene acts as a homotetramer to catalyze the conversion of homocysteine to cystathionine, the first step in the transsulfuration pathway. The encoded protein is allosterically activated by adenosyl-methionine and uses pyridoxal phosphate as a cofactor. Defects in this gene can cause cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency (CBSD), which can lead to homocystinuria. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| VWA9 | von Willebrand factor A domain containing 9| |
| SMARCA5 | SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins. Members of this family have helicase and ATPase activities and are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the chromatin remodeling and spacing factor RSF, a facilitator of the transcription of class II genes by RNA polymerase II. The encoded protein is similar in sequence to the Drosophila ISWI chromatin remodeling protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VPS33B | vacuolar protein sorting 33 homolog B (yeast)|Vesicle mediated protein sorting plays an important role in segregation of intracellular molecules into distinct organelles. Genetic studies in yeast have identified more than 40 vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) genes involved in vesicle transport to vacuoles. This gene is a member of the Sec-1 domain family, and encodes the human ortholog of rat Vps33b which is homologous to the yeast class C Vps33 protein. The mammalian class C vacuolar protein sorting proteins are predominantly associated with late endosomes/lysosomes, and like their yeast counterparts, may mediate vesicle trafficking steps in the endosome/lysosome pathway. Mutations in this gene are associated with arthrogryposis-renal dysfunction-cholestasis syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| VPS33A | vacuolar protein sorting 33 homolog A (S. cerevisiae)|Vesicle mediated protein sorting plays an important role in segregation of intracellular molecules into distinct organelles. Genetic studies in yeast have identified more than 40 vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) genes involved in vesicle transport to vacuoles. This gene is a member of the Sec-1 domain family, and it encodes a protein similar to the yeast class C Vps33 protein. The mammalian class C VPS proteins are predominantly associated with late endosomes/lysosomes, and like their yeast counterparts, may mediate vesicle trafficking steps in the endosome/lysosome pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC22A7 | solute carrier family 22 (organic anion transporter), member 7|The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the sodium-independent transport and excretion of organic anions, some of which are potentially toxic. The encoded protein is an integral membrane protein and appears to be localized to the basolateral membrane of the kidney. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ULK1 | unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1| |
| CNTNAP3B | contactin associated protein-like 3B| |
| ECEL1 | endothelin converting enzyme-like 1|This gene encodes a member of the M13 family of endopeptidases. Members of this family are zinc-containing type II integral-membrane proteins that are important regulators of neuropeptide and peptide hormone activity. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive distal arthrogryposis, type 5D. This gene has multiple pseudogenes on chromosome 2. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| TERT | telomerase reverse transcriptase|Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein polymerase that maintains telomere ends by addition of the telomere repeat TTAGGG. The enzyme consists of a protein component with reverse transcriptase activity, encoded by this gene, and an RNA component which serves as a template for the telomere repeat. Telomerase expression plays a role in cellular senescence, as it is normally repressed in postnatal somatic cells resulting in progressive shortening of telomeres. Deregulation of telomerase expression in somatic cells may be involved in oncogenesis. Studies in mouse suggest that telomerase also participates in chromosomal repair, since de novo synthesis of telomere repeats may occur at double-stranded breaks. Alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms of telomerase reverse transcriptase have been identified; the full-length sequence of some variants has not been determined. Alternative splicing at this locus is thought to be one mechanism of regulation of telomerase activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NBAS | neuroblastoma amplified sequence|This gene encodes a protein with two leucine zipper domains, a ribosomal protein S14 signature domain and a Sec39 like domain. The protein is thought to be involved in Golgi-to-ER transport. Mutations in this gene are associated with short stature, optic nerve atrophy, and Pelger-Huet anomaly. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| GYLTL1B | glycosyltransferase-like 1B| |
| SLC22A1 | solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 1|Polyspecific organic cation transporters in the liver, kidney, intestine, and other organs are critical for elimination of many endogenous small organic cations as well as a wide array of drugs and environmental toxins. This gene is one of three similar cation transporter genes located in a cluster on chromosome 6. The encoded protein contains twelve putative transmembrane domains and is a plasma integral membrane protein. Two transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene, but only the longer variant encodes a functional transporter. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC4A10 | solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate transporter, member 10|This gene belongs to a small family of sodium-coupled bicarbonate transporters (NCBTs) that regulate the intracellular pH of neurons, the secretion of bicarbonate ions across the choroid plexus, and the pH of the brain extracellular fluid. The protein encoded by this gene was initially identified as a sodium-driven chloride bicarbonate exchanger (NCBE) though there is now evidence that its sodium/bicarbonate cotransport activity is independent of any chloride ion countertransport under physiological conditions. This gene is now classified as a member A10 of the SLC4 family of transmembrane solute carriers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| ZNF362 | zinc finger protein 362| |
| STAC2 | SH3 and cysteine rich domain 2| |
| PRDM2 | PR domain containing 2, with ZNF domain|This tumor suppressor gene is a member of a nuclear histone/protein methyltransferase superfamily. It encodes a zinc finger protein that can bind to retinoblastoma protein, estrogen receptor, and the TPA-responsive element (MTE) of the heme-oxygenase-1 gene. Although the functions of this protein have not been fully characterized, it may (1) play a role in transcriptional regulation during neuronal differentiation and pathogenesis of retinoblastoma, (2) act as a transcriptional activator of the heme-oxygenase-1 gene, and (3) be a specific effector of estrogen action. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| SAFB | scaffold attachment factor B|This gene encodes a DNA-binding protein which has high specificity for scaffold or matrix attachment region DNA elements (S/MAR DNA). This protein is thought to be involved in attaching the base of chromatin loops to the nuclear matrix but there is conflicting evidence as to whether this protein is a component of chromatin or a nuclear matrix protein. Scaffold attachment factors are a specific subset of nuclear matrix proteins (NMP) that specifically bind to S/MAR. The encoded protein is thought to serve as a molecular base to assemble a 'transcriptosome complex' in the vicinity of actively transcribed genes. It is involved in the regulation of heat shock protein 27 transcription, can act as an estrogen receptor co-repressor and is a candidate for breast tumorigenesis. This gene is arranged head-to-head with a similar gene whose product has the same functions. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| KIAA0247 | sushi domain containing 6| |
| IL11RA | interleukin 11 receptor, alpha|Interleukin 11 is a stromal cell-derived cytokine that belongs to a family of pleiotropic and redundant cytokines that use the gp130 transducing subunit in their high affinity receptors. This gene encodes the IL-11 receptor, which is a member of the hematopoietic cytokine receptor family. This particular receptor is very similar to ciliary neurotrophic factor, since both contain an extracellular region with a 2-domain structure composed of an immunoglobulin-like domain and a cytokine receptor-like domain. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| AKAP8L | A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 8-like| |
| PPP6R2 | protein phosphatase 6, regulatory subunit 2|Protein phosphatase regulatory subunits, such as SAPS2, modulate the activity of protein phosphatase catalytic subunits by restricting substrate specificity, recruiting substrates, and determining the intracellular localization of the holoenzyme. SAPS2 is a regulatory subunit for the protein phosphatase-6 catalytic subunit (PPP6C; MIM 612725) (Stefansson and Brautigan, 2006 [PubMed 16769727]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| NIF3L1 | NIF3 NGG1 interacting factor 3-like 1 (S. cerevisiae)| |
| FLNA | filamin A, alpha|The protein encoded by this gene is an actin-binding protein that crosslinks actin filaments and links actin filaments to membrane glycoproteins. The encoded protein is involved in remodeling the cytoskeleton to effect changes in cell shape and migration. This protein interacts with integrins, transmembrane receptor complexes, and second messengers. Defects in this gene are a cause of several syndromes, including periventricular nodular heterotopias (PVNH1, PVNH4), otopalatodigital syndromes (OPD1, OPD2), frontometaphyseal dysplasia (FMD), Melnick-Needles syndrome (MNS), and X-linked congenital idiopathic intestinal pseudoobstruction (CIIPX). Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| TMBIM6 | transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif containing 6| |
| ZNF366 | zinc finger protein 366| |
| FLNB | filamin B, beta|This gene encodes a member of the filamin family. The encoded protein interacts with glycoprotein Ib alpha as part of the process to repair vascular injuries. The platelet glycoprotein Ib complex includes glycoprotein Ib alpha, and it binds the actin cytoskeleton. Mutations in this gene have been found in several conditions: atelosteogenesis type 1 and type 3; boomerang dysplasia; autosomal dominant Larsen syndrome; and spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| TMBIM1 | transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif containing 1| |
| CASP6 | caspase 6, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase|This gene encodes a protein which is a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes which undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. This protein is processed by caspases 7, 8 and 10, and is thought to function as a downstream enzyme in the caspase activation cascade. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants that encode different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CASP7 | caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase|This gene encodes a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes which undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. The precursor of the encoded protein is cleaved by caspase 3 and 10, is activated upon cell death stimuli and induces apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| CASP4 | caspase 4, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase|This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes composed of a prodomain and a large and small protease subunit. Activation of caspases requires proteolytic processing at conserved internal aspartic residues to generate a heterodimeric enzyme consisting of the large and small subunits. This caspase is able to cleave and activate its own precursor protein, as well as caspase 1 precursor. When overexpressed, this gene induces cell apoptosis. Alternative splicing results in transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EFCAB6 | EF-hand calcium binding domain 6|This gene encodes a protein which directly binds the oncogene DJ-1 and androgen receptor to form a ternary complex in cells. This binding protein recruits histone-deacetylase complexes in order to repress transcription activity of androgen receptor. This protein may also play a role in spermatogenesis and fertilization. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| CASP2 | caspase 2, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase|This gene encodes a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Caspases mediate cellular apoptosis through the proteolytic cleavage of specific protein substrates. The encoded protein may function in stress-induced cell death pathways, cell cycle maintenance, and the suppression of tumorigenesis. Increased expression of this gene may play a role in neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and temporal lobe epilepsy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| CASP3 | caspase 3, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase|This gene encodes a protein which is a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes which undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. This protein cleaves and activates caspases 6, 7 and 9, and the protein itself is processed by caspases 8, 9 and 10. It is the predominant caspase involved in the cleavage of amyloid-beta 4A precursor protein, which is associated with neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CASP1 | caspase 1, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase|This gene encodes a protein which is a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes which undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce 2 subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. This gene was identified by its ability to proteolytically cleave and activate the inactive precursor of interleukin-1, a cytokine involved in the processes such as inflammation, septic shock, and wound healing. This gene has been shown to induce cell apoptosis and may function in various developmental stages. Studies of a similar gene in mouse suggest a role in the pathogenesis of Huntington disease. Alternative splicing results in transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| EFCAB1 | EF-hand calcium binding domain 1| |
| DRD4 | dopamine receptor D4|This gene encodes the D4 subtype of the dopamine receptor. The D4 subtype is a G-protein coupled receptor which inhibits adenylyl cyclase. It is a target for drugs which treat schizophrenia and Parkinson disease. Mutations in this gene have been associated with various behavioral phenotypes, including autonomic nervous system dysfunction, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and the personality trait of novelty seeking. This gene contains a polymorphic number (2-10 copies) of tandem 48 nt repeats; the sequence shown contains four repeats. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DRD5 | dopamine receptor D5|This gene encodes the D5 subtype of the dopamine receptor. The D5 subtype is a G-protein coupled receptor which stimulates adenylyl cyclase. This receptor is expressed in neurons in the limbic regions of the brain. It has a 10-fold higher affinity for dopamine than the D1 subtype. Pseudogenes related to this gene reside on chromosomes 1 and 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DRD2 | dopamine receptor D2|This gene encodes the D2 subtype of the dopamine receptor. This G-protein coupled receptor inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity. A missense mutation in this gene causes myoclonus dystonia; other mutations have been associated with schizophrenia. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. A third variant has been described, but it has not been determined whether this form is normal or due to aberrant splicing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DRD3 | dopamine receptor D3|This gene encodes the D3 subtype of the five (D1-D5) dopamine receptors. The activity of the D3 subtype receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. This receptor is localized to the limbic areas of the brain, which are associated with cognitive, emotional, and endocrine functions. Genetic variation in this gene may be associated with susceptibility to hereditary essential tremor 1. Alternative splicing of this gene results in transcript variants encoding different isoforms, although some variants may be subject to nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CASP8 | caspase 8, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase|This gene encodes a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes composed of a prodomain, a large protease subunit, and a small protease subunit. Activation of caspases requires proteolytic processing at conserved internal aspartic residues to generate a heterodimeric enzyme consisting of the large and small subunits. This protein is involved in the programmed cell death induced by Fas and various apoptotic stimuli. The N-terminal FADD-like death effector domain of this protein suggests that it may interact with Fas-interacting protein FADD. This protein was detected in the insoluble fraction of the affected brain region from Huntington disease patients but not in those from normal controls, which implicated the role in neurodegenerative diseases. Many alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described, although not all variants have had their full-length sequences determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CASP9 | caspase 9, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase|This gene encodes a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes which undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. This protein can undergo autoproteolytic processing and activation by the apoptosome, a protein complex of cytochrome c and the apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1; this step is thought to be one of the earliest in the caspase activation cascade. This protein is thought to play a central role in apoptosis and to be a tumor suppressor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| LSG1 | large 60S subunit nuclear export GTPase 1|This gene encodes a protein related to the yeast large subunit GTPase 1. The encoded protein is necessary for cell viability and may localize in the endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus and cytoplasm.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| FASLG | Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)|This gene is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. The primary function of the encoded transmembrane protein is the induction of apoptosis triggered by binding to FAS. The FAS/FASLG signaling pathway is essential for immune system regulation, including activation-induced cell death (AICD) of T cells and cytotoxic T lymphocyte induced cell death. It has also been implicated in the progression of several cancers. Defects in this gene may be related to some cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| SDCBP2 | syndecan binding protein (syntenin) 2|The protein encoded by this gene contains two class II PDZ domains. PDZ domains facilitate protein-protein interactions by binding to the cytoplasmic C-terminus of transmembrane proteins, and PDZ-containing proteins mediate cell signaling and the organization of protein complexes. The encoded protein binds to phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and plays a role in nuclear PIP2 organization and cell division. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the upstream FKBP1A (FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa) gene, as represented in GeneID:100528031. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| PICALM | phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein|This gene encodes a clathrin assembly protein, which recruits clathrin and adaptor protein complex 2 (AP2) to cell membranes at sites of coated-pit formation and clathrin-vesicle assembly. The protein may be required to determine the amount of membrane to be recycled, possibly by regulating the size of the clathrin cage. The protein is involved in AP2-dependent clathrin-mediated endocytosis at the neuromuscular junction. A chromosomal translocation t(10;11)(p13;q14) leading to the fusion of this gene and the MLLT10 gene is found in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia and malignant lymphomas. The polymorphisms of this gene are associated with the risk of Alzheimer disease. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| UBE2QL1 | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2Q family-like 1| |
| DOLPP1 | dolichyldiphosphatase 1|A similar gene has been characterized in mice and encodes dolichyl pyrophosphate (Dol-P-P) phosphatase. This protein dephosphorylates dolichyl pyrophosphate so that it may be re-utilized as a glycosyl carrier lipid by the oligosaccharyltransferase multisubunit complex in the ER. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants and protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| GLG1 | golgi glycoprotein 1| |
| AKT2 | v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2|This gene is a putative oncogene encoding a protein belonging to a subfamily of serine/threonine kinases containing SH2-like (Src homology 2-like) domains. The gene was shown to be amplified and overexpressed in 2 of 8 ovarian carcinoma cell lines and 2 of 15 primary ovarian tumors. Overexpression contributes to the malignant phenotype of a subset of human ductal pancreatic cancers. The encoded protein is a general protein kinase capable of phophorylating several known proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SETD1B | SET domain containing 1B|SET1B is a component of a histone methyltransferase complex that produces trimethylated histone H3 at Lys4 (Lee et al., 2007 [PubMed 17355966]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| UPB1 | ureidopropionase, beta|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the CN hydrolase family. Beta-ureidopropionase catalyzes the last step in the pyrimidine degradation pathway. The pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine are degraded via the consecutive action of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DHPDH), dihydropyrimidinase (DHP) and beta-ureidopropionase (UP) to beta-alanine and beta-aminoisobutyric acid, respectively. UP deficiencies are associated with N-carbamyl-beta-amino aciduria and may lead to abnormalities in neurological activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TTC9C | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 9C| |
| MRC1 | mannose receptor, C type 1|The recognition of complex carbohydrate structures on glycoproteins is an important part of several biological processes, including cell-cell recognition, serum glycoprotein turnover, and neutralization of pathogens. The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane receptor that mediates the endocytosis of glycoproteins by macrophages. The protein has been shown to bind high-mannose structures on the surface of potentially pathogenic viruses, bacteria, and fungi so that they can be neutralized by phagocytic engulfment.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011] |
| NOSIP | nitric oxide synthase interacting protein|The protein encoded by this gene may modulate the activity and localization of nitric oxide synthase (endothelial and neuronal) and thus nitric oxide production. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| TRMT13 | tRNA methyltransferase 13 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| RNF43 | ring finger protein 43|The protein encoded by this gene is a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase and is predicted to contain a transmembrane domain, a protease-associated domain, an ectodomain, and a cytoplasmic RING domain. This protein is thought to negatively regulate Wnt signaling, and expression of this gene results in an increase in ubiquitination of frizzled receptors, an alteration in their subcellular distribution, resulting in reduced surface levels of these receptors. Mutations in this gene have been reported in multiple tumor cells, including colorectal and endometrial cancers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015] |
| PKD1L3 | polycystic kidney disease 1-like 3|This gene encodes a member of the polycystin protein family. The encoded protein contains 11 transmembrane domains, a latrophilin/CL-1-like GPCR proteolytic site (GPS) domain, and a polycystin-1, lipoxygenase, alpha-toxin (PLAT) domain. This protein may function as a component of cation channel pores.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| ANAPC15 | anaphase promoting complex subunit 15| |
| ANAPC16 | anaphase promoting complex subunit 16| |
| ANAPC11 | anaphase promoting complex subunit 11| |
| ANAPC10 | anaphase promoting complex subunit 10|ANAPC10 is a core subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), or cyclosome, a ubiquitin protein ligase that is essential for progression through the cell cycle. APC initiates sister chromatid separation by ubiquitinating the anaphase inhibitor securin (PTTG1; MIM 604147) and triggers exit from mitosis by ubiquitinating cyclin B (CCNB1; MIM 123836), the activating subunit of cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK1; MIM 116940) (summary by Wendt et al., 2001 [PubMed 11524682]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2011] |
| ANAPC13 | anaphase promoting complex subunit 13|This gene encodes a component of the anaphase promoting complex, a large ubiquitin-protein ligase that controls cell cycle progression by regulating the degradation of cell cycle regulators such as B-type cyclins. The encoded protein is evolutionarily conserved and is required for the integrity and ubiquitin ligase activity of the anaphase promoting complex. Pseudogenes and splice variants have been found for this gene; however, the biological validity of some of the splice variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| TOMM20L | translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 homolog (yeast)-like| |
| MYC | v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog|The protein encoded by this gene is a multifunctional, nuclear phosphoprotein that plays a role in cell cycle progression, apoptosis and cellular transformation. It functions as a transcription factor that regulates transcription of specific target genes. Mutations, overexpression, rearrangement and translocation of this gene have been associated with a variety of hematopoietic tumors, leukemias and lymphomas, including Burkitt lymphoma. There is evidence to show that alternative translation initiations from an upstream, in-frame non-AUG (CUG) and a downstream AUG start site result in the production of two isoforms with distinct N-termini. The synthesis of non-AUG initiated protein is suppressed in Burkitt's lymphomas, suggesting its importance in the normal function of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MYB | v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog|This gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the MYB family of transcription factor genes. The protein contains three domains, an N-terminal DNA-binding domain, a central transcriptional activation domain and a C-terminal domain involved in transcriptional repression. This protein plays an essential role in the regulation of hematopoiesis and may play a role in tumorigenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| ENTPD7 | ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 7| |
| ENTPD6 | ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 6 (putative)|ENTPD6 is similar to E-type nucleotidases (NTPases). NTPases, such as CD39, mediate catabolism of extracellular nucleotides. ENTPD6 contains 4 apyrase-conserved regions which is characteristic of NTPases. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRT28 | keratin 28, type I|This gene encodes a member of the type I (acidic) keratin family, which belongs to the superfamily of intermediate filament (IF) proteins. Keratins are heteropolymeric structural proteins which form the intermediate filament. These filaments, along with actin microfilaments and microtubules, compose the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells. The type I keratin genes are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q12-q21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| ENTPD4 | ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 4|This gene encodes a member of the apyrase protein family. Apyrases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleotide diphosphates and triphosphates in a calcium or magnesium-dependent manner. The encoded protein is an endo-apyrase and may play a role in salvaging nucleotides from lysosomes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and these isoforms may differ in divalent cation dependence and substrate specificity. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| ENTPD2 | ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is the type 2 enzyme of the ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase family (E-NTPDase). E-NTPDases are a family of ecto-nucleosidases that hydrolyze 5'-triphosphates. This ecto-ATPase is an integral membrane protein. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ENTPD1 | ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1| |
| KRT23 | keratin 23, type I|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin family. The keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into cytokeratins and hair keratins. The type I cytokeratins consist of acidic proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains. The type I cytokeratin genes are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q12-q21. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase|This gene encodes a member of the lipoxygenase gene family and plays a dual role in the synthesis of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid. The encoded protein, which is expressed specifically in bone marrow-derived cells, catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to 5(S)-hydroperoxy-6-trans-8,11,14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid, and further to the allylic epoxide 5(S)-trans-7,9-trans-11,14-cis-eicosatetrenoic acid (leukotriene A4). Leukotrienes are important mediators of a number of inflammatory and allergic conditions. Mutations in the promoter region of this gene lead to a diminished response to antileukotriene drugs used in the treatment of asthma and may also be associated with atherosclerosis and several cancers. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| RLN3 | relaxin 3|Relaxins are known endocrine and autocrine/paracrine hormones, belonging to the insulin gene superfamily. In the human there are three non-allelic relaxin genes, RLN1, RLN2 and RLN3. RLN1 and RLN2 share high sequence homology. Relaxin is produced by the ovary, and targets the mammalian reproductive system to ripen the cervix, elongate the pubic symphysis and inhibit uterine contraction. It may have additional roles in enhancing sperm motility, regulating blood pressure, controlling heart rate and releasing oxytocin and vasopressin. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the relaxin family. The active form of the encoded protein consists of an A chain and a B chain but their cleavage sites are not definitely described yet. It may play a role in neuropeptide signaling processes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRT26 | keratin 26, type I|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin superfamily. This keratin protein is a type I keratin that is specific for the inner root sheath of the hair follicle. This gene exists in a cluster with other keratin genes on chromosome 17q21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| KRT27 | keratin 27, type I|This gene encodes a member of the type I (acidic) keratin family, which belongs to the superfamily of intermediate filament (IF) proteins. Keratins are heteropolymeric structural proteins which form the intermediate filament. These filaments, along with actin microfilaments and microtubules, compose the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells. The type I keratin genes are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q12-q21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| KRT24 | keratin 24, type I|This gene encodes a member of the type I (acidic) keratin family, which belongs to the superfamily of intermediate filament (IF) proteins. Keratins are heteropolymeric structural proteins which form the intermediate filament. These filaments, along with actin microfilaments and microtubules, compose the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells. The type I keratin genes are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q12-q21. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| KRT25 | keratin 25, type I|This gene encodes a member of the type I (acidic) keratin family, which belongs to the superfamily of intermediate filament (IF) proteins. Keratins are heteropolymeric structural proteins which form the intermediate filament. These filaments, along with actin microfilaments and microtubules, compose the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells. The type I keratin genes are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q12-q21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| SNAPC3 | small nuclear RNA activating complex, polypeptide 3, 50kDa| |
| SNAPC2 | small nuclear RNA activating complex, polypeptide 2, 45kDa|This gene encodes a subunit of the snRNA-activating protein complex which is associated with the TATA box-binding protein. The encoded protein is necessary for RNA polymerase II and III dependent small-nuclear RNA gene transcription. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| SNAPC1 | small nuclear RNA activating complex, polypeptide 1, 43kDa| |
| SNAPC5 | small nuclear RNA activating complex, polypeptide 5, 19kDa| |
| SNAPC4 | small nuclear RNA activating complex, polypeptide 4, 190kDa| |
| TRMT1L | tRNA methyltransferase 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)-like|This gene encodes a protein that has some similarity to N2,N2-dimethylguanosine tRNA methyltransferase from other organisms. Studies of the mouse ortholog have shown that this protein plays a role in motor coordination and exploratory behavior, and it may also be involved in modulating postnatal neuronal functions. Alternatively spliced transcripts have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| RNF41 | ring finger protein 41, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This gene encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase. The encoded protein plays a role in type 1 cytokine receptor signaling by controlling the balance between JAK2-associated cytokine receptor degradation and ectodomain shedding. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| SLC4A5 | solute carrier family 4 (sodium bicarbonate cotransporter), member 5|This gene encodes a member of the sodium bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC) family, part of the bicarbonate transporter superfamily. Sodium bicarbonate cotransporters are involved in intracellular pH regulation and electroneural or electrogenic sodium bicarbonate transport. This protein is thought to be an integral membrane protein. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, but the biological validity of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC4A4 | solute carrier family 4 (sodium bicarbonate cotransporter), member 4|This gene encodes a sodium bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC) involved in the regulation of bicarbonate secretion and absorption and intracellular pH. Mutations in this gene are associated with proximal renal tubular acidosis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| HYAL3 | hyaluronoglucosaminidase 3|This gene encodes a member of the hyaluronidase family. Hyaluronidases are endoglycosidase enzymes that degrade hyaluronan, one of the major glycosaminoglycans of the extracellular matrix. The regulated turnover of hyaluronan plays a critical role in many biological processes including cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. The encoded protein may also play an important role in sperm function. This gene is one of several related genes in a region of chromosome 3p21.3 associated with tumor suppression, and the expression of specific transcript variants may be indicative of tumor status. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and some isoforms may lack hyaluronidase activity. This gene overlaps and is on the same strand as N-acetyltransferase 6 (GCN5-related), and some transcripts of each gene share a portion of the first exon. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| DENR | density-regulated protein|This gene encodes a protein whose expression was found to increase in cultured cells at high density but not during growth arrest. This gene was also shown to have increased expression in cells overexpressing HER-2/neu proto-oncogene. The protein contains an SUI1 domain. In budding yeast, SUI1 is a translation initiation factor that along with eIF-2 and the initiator tRNA-Met, directs the ribosome to the proper translation start site. Proteins similar to SUI have been found in mammals, insects, and plants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HYAL1 | hyaluronoglucosaminidase 1|This gene encodes a lysosomal hyaluronidase. Hyaluronidases intracellularly degrade hyaluronan, one of the major glycosaminoglycans of the extracellular matrix. Hyaluronan is thought to be involved in cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. This enzyme is active at an acidic pH and is the major hyaluronidase in plasma. Mutations in this gene are associated with mucopolysaccharidosis type IX, or hyaluronidase deficiency. The gene is one of several related genes in a region of chromosome 3p21.3 associated with tumor suppression. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TNFRSF10A | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10a|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor is activated by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TNFSF10/TRAIL), and thus transduces cell death signal and induces cell apoptosis. Studies with FADD-deficient mice suggested that FADD, a death domain containing adaptor protein, is required for the apoptosis mediated by this protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NCSTN | nicastrin|This gene encodes a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is an integral component of the multimeric gamma-secretase complex. The encoded protein cleaves integral membrane proteins, including Notch receptors and beta-amyloid precursor protein, and may be a stabilizing cofactor required for gamma-secretase complex assembly. The cleavage of beta-amyloid precursor protein yields amyloid beta peptide, the main component of the neuritic plaque and the hallmark lesion in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease; however, the nature of the encoded protein's role in Alzheimer's disease is not known for certain. Mutations in this gene are associated with familial acne inversa. A pseudogene of this gene is present on chromosome 21. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| LACE1 | lactation elevated 1|This gene encodes a protein with possible ATPase function. The protein contains a P-loop motif and a five-domain structure that is conserved in fly, yeast, and bacteria. Two conserved estrogen receptor binding sites are located within 2.5 kb of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SNAPIN | SNAP-associated protein|The protein encoded by this gene is a coiled-coil-forming protein that associates with the SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor) complex of proteins and the BLOC-1 (biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles) complex. Biochemical studies have identified additional binding partners. As part of the SNARE complex, it is required for vesicle docking and fusion and regulates neurotransmitter release. The BLOC-1 complex is required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. Mutations in gene products that form the BLOC-1 complex have been identified in mouse strains that are models of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| PXDN | peroxidasin|This gene encodes a heme-containing peroxidase that is secreted into the extracellular matrix. It is involved in extracellular matrix formation, and may function in the physiological and pathological fibrogenic response in fibrotic kidney. Mutations in this gene cause corneal opacification and other ocular anomalies, and also microphthalmia and anterior segment dysgenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014] |
| SPC24 | SPC24, NDC80 kinetochore complex component| |
| ADCYAP1 | adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (pituitary)|This gene encodes a secreted proprotein that is further processed into multiple mature peptides. These peptides stimulate adenylate cyclase and increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, resulting in the transcriptional activation of target genes. The products of this gene are key mediators of neuroendocrine stress responses. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013] |
| METAP1 | methionyl aminopeptidase 1| |
| ZFP14 | ZFP14 zinc finger protein| |
| METAP2 | methionyl aminopeptidase 2|This gene is a member of the methionyl aminopeptidase family and encodes a protein that binds 2 cobalt or manganese ions. This protein functions both by protecting the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 from inhibitory phosphorylation and by removing the amino-terminal methionine residue from nascent protein. Increased expression of this gene is associated with various forms of cancer and the anti-cancer drugs fumagillin and ovalicin inhibit the protein by irreversibly binding to its active site. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CLCA2 | chloride channel accessory 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the calcium sensitive chloride conductance protein family. To date, all members of this gene family map to the same site on chromosome 1p31-p22 and share high degrees of homology in size, sequence and predicted structure, but differ significantly in their tissue distributions. Since this protein is expressed predominantly in trachea and lung, it is suggested to play a role in the complex pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis. It may also serve as adhesion molecule for lung metastatic cancer cells, mediating vascular arrest and colonization, and furthermore, it has been implicated to act as a tumor suppressor gene for breast cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZADH2 | zinc binding alcohol dehydrogenase domain containing 2| |
| PNMA1 | paraneoplastic Ma antigen 1|This gene encodes a neuron- and testis-specific protein that is also expressed in some paraneoplastic syndromes affecting the nervous system. Some patients with neurologic disorders develop antibodies against the protein encoded by this gene. The identification of the antineuronal antibodies in the sera of these patients has facilitated the diagnosis of paraneoplastic neurological disorders and the early detection of the associated tumors. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| PNMA3 | paraneoplastic Ma antigen 3|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the paraneoplastic antigen MA (PNMA) family, which shares homology with retroviral Gag proteins. The PNMA antigens are highly expressed in the brain and also in a range of tumors associated with serious neurological phenotypes. PMID:16407312 reports the presence of a functional -1 ribosomal frameshift signal (consisting of a heptanucleotide shift motif followed 3' by a pseudoknot structure) in this gene, however, the frame-shifted product has not been characterized. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| PNMA2 | paraneoplastic Ma antigen 2| |
| KLHDC9 | kelch domain containing 9| |
| CLCA1 | chloride channel accessory 1|This gene encodes a member of the calcium sensitive chloride conductance protein family. To date, all members of this gene family map to the same region on chromosome 1p31-p22 and share a high degree of homology in size, sequence, and predicted structure, but differ significantly in their tissue distributions. The encoded protein is expressed as a precursor protein that is processed into two cell-surface-associated subunits, although the site at which the precursor is cleaved has not been precisely determined. The encoded protein may be involved in mediating calcium-activated chloride conductance in the intestine. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AHCYL1 | adenosylhomocysteinase-like 1|The protein encoded by this gene interacts with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 1 and may be involved in the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine to L-homocysteine and adenosine. Several transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| SMO | smoothened, frizzled class receptor|The protein encoded by this gene is a G protein-coupled receptor that interacts with the patched protein, a receptor for hedgehog proteins. The encoded protein tranduces signals to other proteins after activation by a hedgehog protein/patched protein complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| LANCL2 | LanC lantibiotic synthetase component C-like 2 (bacterial)| |
| PILRA | paired immunoglobin-like type 2 receptor alpha|Cell signaling pathways rely on a dynamic interaction between activating and inhibiting processes. SHP-1-mediated dephosphorylation of protein tyrosine residues is central to the regulation of several cell signaling pathways. Two types of inhibitory receptor superfamily members are immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-bearing receptors and their non-ITIM-bearing, activating counterparts. Control of cell signaling via SHP-1 is thought to occur through a balance between PILRalpha-mediated inhibition and PILRbeta-mediated activation. These paired immunoglobulin-like receptor genes are located in a tandem head-to-tail orientation on chromosome 7. This particular gene encodes the ITIM-bearing member of the receptor pair, which functions in the inhibitory role. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and three variants, each encoding a distinct isoform, are described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PILRB | paired immunoglobin-like type 2 receptor beta|The paired immunoglobin-like type 2 receptors consist of highly related activating and inhibitory receptors that are involved in the regulation of many aspects of the immune system. The paired immunoglobulin-like receptor genes are located in a tandem head-to-tail orientation on chromosome 7. This gene encodes the activating member of the receptor pair and contains a truncated cytoplasmic tail relative to its inhibitory counterpart (PILRA), that has a long cytoplasmic tail with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory (ITIM) motifs. This gene is thought to have arisen from a duplication of the inhibitory PILRA gene and evolved to acquire its activating function. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| LANCL1 | LanC lantibiotic synthetase component C-like 1 (bacterial)|This gene encodes a loosely associated peripheral membrane protein related to the LanC family of bacterial membrane-associated proteins involved in the biosynthesis of antimicrobial peptides. This protein may play a role as a peptide-modifying enzyme component in eukaryotic cells. Previously considered a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily, this protein is now in the LanC family. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| SRP14 | signal recognition particle 14kDa (homologous Alu RNA binding protein)| |
| BRMS1 | breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1|This gene reduces the metastatic potential, but not the tumorogenicity, of human breast cancer and melanoma cell lines. The protein encoded by this gene localizes primarily to the nucleus and is a component of the mSin3a family of histone deacetylase complexes (HDAC). The protein contains two coiled-coil motifs and several imperfect leucine zipper motifs. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SRP19 | signal recognition particle 19kDa| |
| NPEPPS | aminopeptidase puromycin sensitive|This gene encodes the puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase, a zinc metallopeptidase which hydrolyzes amino acids from the N-terminus of its substrate. The protein has been localized to both the cytoplasm and to cellular membranes. This enzyme degrades enkaphalins in the brain, and studies in mouse suggest that it is involved in proteolytic events regulating the cell cycle. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PROCR | protein C receptor, endothelial|The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for activated protein C, a serine protease activated by and involved in the blood coagulation pathway. The encoded protein is an N-glycosylated type I membrane protein that enhances the activation of protein C. Mutations in this gene have been associated with venous thromboembolism and myocardial infarction, as well as with late fetal loss during pregnancy. The encoded protein may also play a role in malarial infection and has been associated with cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| ODF3 | outer dense fiber of sperm tails 3|ODF3 is a component of sperm flagella outer dense fibers, which add stiffness, elastic recoil, and protection against shearing forces during sperm movement.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| RAB7B | RAB7B, member RAS oncogene family| |
| TMEM170A | transmembrane protein 170A| |
| GNPNAT1 | glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase 1| |
| ODF4 | outer dense fiber of sperm tails 4|This gene encodes a protein that is localized in the outer dense fibers of the tails of mature sperm. This protein is thought to have some important role in the sperm tail. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EFEMP1 | EGF containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the fibulin family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins. Like all members of this family, the encoded protein contains tandemly repeated epidermal growth factor-like repeats followed by a C-terminus fibulin-type domain. This gene is upregulated in malignant gliomas and may play a role in the aggressive nature of these tumors. Mutations in this gene are associated with Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode the same protein have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| EFEMP2 | EGF containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 2|A large number of extracellular matrix proteins have been found to contain variations of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain and have been implicated in functions as diverse as blood coagulation, activation of complement and determination of cell fate during development. The protein encoded by this gene contains four EGF2 domains and six calcium-binding EGF2 domains. This gene is necessary for elastic fiber formation and connective tissue development. Defects in this gene are cause of an autosomal recessive cutis laxa syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| RHNO1 | RAD9-HUS1-RAD1 interacting nuclear orphan 1| |
| FCGR2C | Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity IIc, receptor for (CD32) (gene/pseudogene)|This gene encodes one of three members of a family of low-affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptors found on the surface of many immune response cells. The encoded protein is a transmembrane glycoprotein and may be involved in phagocytosis and clearing of immune complexes. An allelic polymorphism in this gene results in both coding and non-coding variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| ITPKB | inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase B|The protein encoded by this protein regulates inositol phosphate metabolism by phosphorylation of second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. The activity of this encoded protein is responsible for regulating the levels of a large number of inositol polyphosphates that are important in cellular signaling. Both calcium/calmodulin and protein phosphorylation mechanisms control its activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIF3B | kinesin family member 3B|The protein encoded by this gene acts as a heterodimer with kinesin family member 3A to aid in chromosome movement during mitosis and meiosis. The encoded protein is a plus end-directed microtubule motor and can interact with the SMC3 subunit of the cohesin complex. In addition, the encoded protein may be involved in the intracellular movement of membranous organelles. This protein and kinesin family member 3A form the kinesin II subfamily of the kinesin superfamily. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIF3C | kinesin family member 3C| |
| KIF3A | kinesin family member 3A| |
| HADH | hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase|This gene is a member of the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene family. The encoded protein functions in the mitochondrial matrix to catalyze the oxidation of straight-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoAs as part of the beta-oxidation pathway. Its enzymatic activity is highest with medium-chain-length fatty acids. Mutations in this gene cause one form of familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. The human genome contains a related pseudogene of this gene on chromosome 15. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| MRAP2 | melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein 2| |
| TMEFF2 | transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains 2|This gene encodes a member of the tomoregulin family of transmembrane proteins. This protein has been shown to function as both an oncogene and a tumor suppressor depending on the cellular context and may regulate prostate cancer cell invasion. Multiple soluble forms of this protein have been identified that arise from both an alternative splice variant and ectodomain shedding. Additionally, this gene has been found to be hypermethylated in multiple cancer types. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| ASPM | asp (abnormal spindle) homolog, microcephaly associated (Drosophila)|This gene is the human ortholog of the Drosophila melanogaster 'abnormal spindle' gene (asp), which is essential for normal mitotic spindle function in embryonic neuroblasts. Studies in mouse also suggest a role of this gene in mitotic spindle regulation, with a preferential role in regulating neurogenesis. Mutations in this gene are associated with microcephaly primary type 5. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| SCTR | secretin receptor|The protein encoded by this gene is a G protein-coupled receptor and belongs to the glucagon-VIP-secretin receptor family. It binds secretin which is the most potent regulator of pancreatic bicarbonate, electrolyte and volume secretion. Secretin and its receptor are suggested to be involved in pancreatic cancer and autism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WNT5B | wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5B|The WNT gene family consists of structurally related genes which encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. This gene is a member of the WNT gene family. It encodes a protein which shows 94% and 80% amino acid identity to the mouse Wnt5b protein and the human WNT5A protein, respectively. Alternative splicing of this gene generates 2 transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WNT5A | wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5A|The WNT gene family consists of structurally related genes which encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. This gene encodes a member of the WNT family that signals through both the canonical and non-canonical WNT pathways. This protein is a ligand for the seven transmembrane receptor frizzled-5 and the tyrosine kinase orphan receptor 2. This protein plays an essential role in regulating developmental pathways during embryogenesis. This protein may also play a role in oncogenesis. Mutations in this gene are the cause of autosomal dominant Robinow syndrome. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| NCF2 | neutrophil cytosolic factor 2|This gene encodes neutrophil cytosolic factor 2, the 67-kilodalton cytosolic subunit of the multi-protein NADPH oxidase complex found in neutrophils. This oxidase produces a burst of superoxide which is delivered to the lumen of the neutrophil phagosome. Mutations in this gene, as well as in other NADPH oxidase subunits, can result in chronic granulomatous disease, a disease that causes recurrent infections by catalase-positive organisms. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| NCF1 | neutrophil cytosolic factor 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a 47 kDa cytosolic subunit of neutrophil NADPH oxidase. This oxidase is a multicomponent enzyme that is activated to produce superoxide anion. Mutations in this gene have been associated with chronic granulomatous disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SERGEF | secretion regulating guanine nucleotide exchange factor| |
| NCF4 | neutrophil cytosolic factor 4, 40kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytosolic regulatory component of the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH-oxidase, a multicomponent enzyme system important for host defense. This protein is preferentially expressed in cells of myeloid lineage. It interacts primarily with neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 (NCF2/p67-phox) to form a complex with neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (NCF1/p47-phox), which further interacts with the small G protein RAC1 and translocates to the membrane upon cell stimulation. This complex then activates flavocytochrome b, the membrane-integrated catalytic core of the enzyme system. The PX domain of this protein can bind phospholipid products of the PI(3) kinase, which suggests its role in PI(3) kinase-mediated signaling events. The phosphorylation of this protein was found to negatively regulate the enzyme activity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| USP38 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 38| |
| KNTC1 | kinetochore associated 1|This gene encodes a protein that is one of many involved in mechanisms to ensure proper chromosome segregation during cell division. Experimental evidence indicated that the encoded protein functioned in a similar manner to that of the Drosophila rough deal protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STAMBP | STAM binding protein|Cytokine-mediated signal transduction in the JAK-STAT cascade requires the involvement of adaptor molecules. One such signal-transducing adaptor molecule contains an SH3 domain that is required for induction of MYC and cell growth. The protein encoded by this gene binds to the SH3 domain of the signal-transducing adaptor molecule, and plays a critical role in cytokine-mediated signaling for MYC induction and cell cycle progression. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein isoform have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCDC67 | coiled-coil domain containing 67| |
| TLR10 | toll-like receptor 10|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is most highly expressed in lymphoid tissues such as spleen, lymph node, thymus, and tonsil. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants which encode different protein isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| VDR | vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor|This gene encodes the nuclear hormone receptor for vitamin D3. This receptor also functions as a receptor for the secondary bile acid lithocholic acid. The receptor belongs to the family of trans-acting transcriptional regulatory factors and shows sequence similarity to the steroid and thyroid hormone receptors. Downstream targets of this nuclear hormone receptor are principally involved in mineral metabolism though the receptor regulates a variety of other metabolic pathways, such as those involved in the immune response and cancer. Mutations in this gene are associated with type II vitamin D-resistant rickets. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the initiation codon results in an alternate translation start site three codons downstream. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| HNRNPH1 | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (H)|This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins that complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA. These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some may shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene has three repeats of quasi-RRM domains that bind to RNA and is very similar to the family member HNRPF. This gene may be associated with hereditary lymphedema type I. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| HNRNPH3 | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H3 (2H9)|This gene belongs to the subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene has two repeats of quasi-RRM domains that bind to RNAs. It is localized in nuclear bodies of the nucleus. This protein is involved in the splicing process and it also participates in early heat shock-induced splicing arrest by transiently leaving the hnRNP complexes. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been noted for this gene, however, not all are fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HNRNPH2 | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H2 (H')|This gene belongs to the subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene has three repeats of quasi-RRM domains that binds to RNAs. It is very similar to the family member HNRPH1. This gene is thought to be involved in Fabray disease and X-linked agammaglobulinemia phenotype. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. Read-through transcription between this locus and the ribosomal protein L36a gene has been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| GATS | GATS, stromal antigen 3 opposite strand| |
| FOXK2 | forkhead box K2|The protein encoded by this gene contains a fork head DNA binding domain. This protein can bind to the purine-rich motifs of the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR), and to the similar purine-rich motif in the interleukin 2 (IL2) promoter. It may be involved in the regulation of viral and cellular promoter elements. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TBC1D8 | TBC1 domain family, member 8 (with GRAM domain)| |
| TBC1D9 | TBC1 domain family, member 9 (with GRAM domain)| |
| GABRA1 | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 1|This gene encodes a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor. GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain where it acts at GABA-A receptors, which are ligand-gated chloride channels. Chloride conductance of these channels can be modulated by agents such as benzodiazepines that bind to the GABA-A receptor. GABA-A receptors are pentameric, consisting of proteins from several subunit classes: alpha, beta, gamma, delta and rho. Mutations in this gene cause juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and childhood absence epilepsy type 4. Multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAD51AP1 | RAD51 associated protein 1| |
| MRPS35 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S35|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that has had confusing nomenclature in the literature. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 3p, 5q, and 10q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| MRPS34 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S34|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| TBC1D2 | TBC1 domain family, member 2| |
| MRPS36 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S36|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. The mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) consists of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 3p, 4q, 8p, 11q, 12q, and 20p. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPS31 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S31|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. The 28S subunit of the mammalian mitoribosome may play a crucial and characteristic role in translation initiation. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that has also been associated with type 1 diabetes; however, its relationship to the etiology of this disease remains to be clarified. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene have been found on chromosomes 3 and 13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RBM11 | RNA binding motif protein 11| |
| MRPS33 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S33|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. The 28S subunit of the mammalian mitoribosome may play a crucial and characteristic role in translation initiation. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that is one of the more highly conserved mitochondrial ribosomal proteins among mammals, Drosophila and C. elegans. Splice variants that differ in the 5' UTR have been found for this gene; all variants encode the same protein. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 1q, 4p, 4q, and 20q [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TBC1D7 | TBC1 domain family, member 7|This gene encodes a member of the TBC-domain containing protein family. The encoded protein functions as a subunit of the tuberous sclerosis TSC1-TSC2 complex which plays a role in the regulation of cellular growth and differentiation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive megalencephaly. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| HSPA12A | heat shock 70kDa protein 12A| |
| PTCH2 | patched 2|This gene encodes a transmembrane receptor of the patched gene family. The encoded protein may function as a tumor suppressor in the hedgehog signaling pathway. Alterations in this gene have been associated with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, and susceptibility to congenital macrostomia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| SAP30BP | SAP30 binding protein| |
| FAM127C | family with sequence similarity 127, member C| |
| FAM127B | family with sequence similarity 127, member B| |
| FAM127A | family with sequence similarity 127, member A| |
| TBXA2R | thromboxane A2 receptor|This gene encodes a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family. The protein interacts with thromboxane A2 to induce platelet aggregation and regulate hemostasis. A mutation in this gene results in a bleeding disorder. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| SEL1L | sel-1 suppressor of lin-12-like (C. elegans)|The protein encoded by this gene is part of a protein complex required for the retrotranslocation or dislocation of misfolded proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum lumen to the cytosol, where they are degraded by the proteasome in a ubiquitin-dependent manner. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| CGB8 | chorionic gonadotropin, beta polypeptide 8|This gene is a member of the glycoprotein hormone beta chain family and encodes the beta 8 subunit of chorionic gonadotropin (CG). Glycoprotein hormones are heterodimers consisting of a common alpha subunit and an unique beta subunit which confers biological specificity. CG is produced by the trophoblastic cells of the placenta and stimulates the ovaries to synthesize the steroids that are essential for the maintenance of pregnancy. The beta subunit of CG is encoded by 6 genes which are arranged in tandem and inverted pairs on chromosome 19q13.3 and contiguous with the luteinizing hormone beta subunit gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UBE2N | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2N|The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. Studies in mouse suggest that this protein plays a role in DNA postreplication repair. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SNUPN | snurportin 1|The nuclear import of the spliceosomal snRNPs U1, U2, U4 and U5, is dependent on the presence of a complex nuclear localization signal. The latter is composed of the 5'-2,2,7-terminal trimethylguanosine (m3G) cap structure of the U snRNA and the Sm core domain. The protein encoded by this gene interacts specifically with m3G-cap and functions as an snRNP-specific nuclear import receptor. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PDSS2 | prenyl (decaprenyl) diphosphate synthase, subunit 2|The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme that synthesizes the prenyl side-chain of coenzyme Q, or ubiquinone, one of the key elements in the respiratory chain. The gene product catalyzes the formation of all trans-polyprenyl pyrophosphates from isopentyl diphosphate in the assembly of polyisoprenoid side chains, the first step in coenzyme Q biosynthesis. Defects in this gene are a cause of coenzyme Q10 deficiency.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| PDSS1 | prenyl (decaprenyl) diphosphate synthase, subunit 1|The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme that elongates the prenyl side-chain of coenzyme Q, or ubiquinone, one of the key elements in the respiratory chain. The gene product catalyzes the formation of all trans-polyprenyl pyrophosphates from isopentyl diphosphate in the assembly of polyisoprenoid side chains, the first step in coenzyme Q biosynthesis. The protein may be peripherally associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane, though no transit peptide has been definitively identified to date. Defects in this gene are a cause of coenzyme Q10 deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| INO80 | INO80 complex subunit|This gene encodes a subunit of the chromatin remodeling complex, which is classified into subfamilies depending on sequence features apart from the conserved ATPase domain. This protein is the catalytic ATPase subunit of the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex, which is characterized by a DNA-binding domain. This protein is proposed to bind DNA and be recruited by the YY1 transcription factor to activate certain genes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| UNC13D | unc-13 homolog D (C. elegans)|This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the UNC13 family, containing similar domain structure as other family members but lacking an N-terminal phorbol ester-binding C1 domain present in other Munc13 proteins. The protein appears to play a role in vesicle maturation during exocytosis and is involved in regulation of cytolytic granules secretion. Mutations in this gene are associated with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 3, a genetically heterogeneous, rare autosomal recessive disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UNC13B | unc-13 homolog B (C. elegans)|This gene is expressed in the kidney cortical epithelial cells and is upregulated by hyperglycemia. The encoded protein shares a high level of similarity to the rat homolog, and contains 3 C2 domains and a diacylglycerol-binding C1 domain. Hyperglycemia increases the levels of diacylglycerol, which has been shown to induce apoptosis in cells transfected with this gene and thus contribute to the renal cell complications of hyperglycemia. Studies in other species also indicate a role for this protein in the priming step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UNC13C | unc-13 homolog C (C. elegans)| |
| UNC13A | unc-13 homolog A (C. elegans)|This gene encodes a member of the UNC13 family. UNC13 proteins bind to phorbol esters and diacylglycerol and play important roles in neurotransmitter release at synapses. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| NRSN1 | neurensin 1| |
| KCNB2 | potassium channel, voltage gated Shab related subfamily B, member 2|Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. Four sequence-related potassium channel genes - shaker, shaw, shab, and shal - have been identified in Drosophila, and each has been shown to have human homolog(s). This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, shab-related subfamily. This member is a delayed rectifier potassium channel. The gene is expressed in gastrointestinal smooth muscle cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNB1 | potassium channel, voltage gated Shab related subfamily B, member 1|Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. Four sequence-related potassium channel genes - shaker, shaw, shab, and shal - have been identified in Drosophila, and each has been shown to have human homolog(s). This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, shab-related subfamily. This member is a delayed rectifier potassium channel and its activity is modulated by some other family members. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIAA2013 | KIAA2013| |
| HNRNPUL2 | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U-like 2| |
| HNRNPUL1 | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U-like 1|This gene encodes a nuclear RNA-binding protein of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) family. This protein binds specifically to adenovirus E1B-55kDa oncoprotein. It may play an important role in nucleocytoplasmic RNA transport, and its function is modulated by E1B-55kDa in adenovirus-infected cells. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Additional variants have also been found, but their full-length natures have not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DEGS1 | delta(4)-desaturase, sphingolipid 1|This gene encodes a member of the membrane fatty acid desaturase family which is responsible for inserting double bonds into specific positions in fatty acids. This protein contains three His-containing consensus motifs that are characteristic of a group of membrane fatty acid desaturases. It is predicted to be a multiple membrane-spanning protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Overexpression of this gene inhibited biosynthesis of the EGF receptor, suggesting a possible role of a fatty acid desaturase in regulating biosynthetic processing of the EGF receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| GABRA3 | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 3|GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain where it acts at GABA-A receptors, which are ligand-gated chloride channels. Chloride conductance of these channels can be modulated by agents such as benzodiazepines that bind to the GABA-A receptor. At least 16 distinct subunits of GABA-A receptors have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PARVA | parvin, alpha|This gene encodes a member of the parvin family of actin-binding proteins. Parvins are associated with focal contacts and contain calponin homology domains that bind to actin filaments. The encoded protein is part of the integrin-linked kinase signaling complex and plays a role in cell adhesion, motility and survival. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| SPAST | spastin|This gene encodes a member of the AAA (ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities) protein family. Members of this protein family share an ATPase domain and have roles in diverse cellular processes including membrane trafficking, intracellular motility, organelle biogenesis, protein folding, and proteolysis. The encoded ATPase may be involved in the assembly or function of nuclear protein complexes. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. Other alternative splice variants have been described but their full length sequences have not been determined. Mutations associated with this gene cause the most frequent form of autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia 4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CNTLN | centlein, centrosomal protein| |
| OSGIN2 | oxidative stress induced growth inhibitor family member 2| |
| OSGIN1 | oxidative stress induced growth inhibitor 1|This gene encodes an oxidative stress response protein that regulates cell death. Expression of the gene is regulated by p53 and is induced by DNA damage. The protein regulates apoptosis by inducing cytochrome c release from mitochondria. It also appears to be a key regulator of both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecules. The loss of this protein correlates with uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation. Naturally occurring read-through transcription exists between this gene and the neighboring upstream malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MLYCD) gene, but the read-through transcripts are unlikely to produce a protein product. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| STOML3 | stomatin (EPB72)-like 3| |
| PPP1R26 | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 26| |
| STOML1 | stomatin (EPB72)-like 1| |
| PARVG | parvin, gamma|Members of the parvin family, including PARVG, are actin-binding proteins associated with focal contacts.[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2004] |
| EMP2 | epithelial membrane protein 2|This gene encodes a tetraspan protein of the PMP22/EMP family. The encoded protein regulates cell membrane composition. It has been associated with various functions including endocytosis, cell signaling, cell proliferation, cell migration, cell adhesion, cell death, cholesterol homeostasis, urinary albumin excretion, and embryo implantation. It is known to negatively regulate caveolin-1, a scaffolding protein which is the main component of the caveolae plasma membrane invaginations found in most cell types. Through activation of PTK2 it positively regulates vascular endothelial growth factor A. It also modulates the function of specific integrin isomers in the plasma membrane. Up-regulation of this gene has been linked to cancer progression in multiple different tissues. Mutations in this gene have been associated with nephrotic syndrome type 10 (NPHS10). [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015] |
| EMP3 | epithelial membrane protein 3| |
| NRSN2 | neurensin 2| |
| EMP1 | epithelial membrane protein 1| |
| MLYCD | malonyl-CoA decarboxylase|The product of this gene catalyzes the breakdown of malonyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide. Malonyl-CoA is an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis, and also inhibits the transport of fatty acyl CoAs into mitochondria. Consequently, the encoded protein acts to increase the rate of fatty acid oxidation. It is found in mitochondria, peroxisomes, and the cytoplasm. Mutations in this gene result in malonyl-CoA decarboyxlase deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZMAT5 | zinc finger, matrin-type 5| |
| AMOT | angiomotin|This gene belongs to the motin family of angiostatin binding proteins characterized by conserved coiled-coil domains and C-terminal PDZ binding motifs. The encoded protein is expressed predominantly in endothelial cells of capillaries as well as larger vessels of the placenta where it may mediate the inhibitory effect of angiostatin on tube formation and the migration of endothelial cells toward growth factors during the formation of new blood vessels. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GABRA2 | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 2|GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain where it acts at GABA-A receptors, which are ligand-gated chloride channels. Chloride conductance of these channels can be modulated by agents such as benzodiazepines that bind to the GABA-A receptor. At least 16 distinct subunits of GABA-A receptors have been identified. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| TEAD1 | TEA domain family member 1 (SV40 transcriptional enhancer factor)|This gene encodes a ubiquitous transcriptional enhancer factor that is a member of the TEA/ATTS domain family. This protein directs the transactivation of a wide variety of genes and, in placental cells, also acts as a transcriptional repressor. Mutations in this gene cause Sveinsson's chorioretinal atrophy. Additional transcript variants have been described but their full-length natures have not been experimentally verified. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| TMSB4X | thymosin beta 4, X-linked|This gene encodes an actin sequestering protein which plays a role in regulation of actin polymerization. The protein is also involved in cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. This gene escapes X inactivation and has a homolog on chromosome Y. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMSB4Y | thymosin beta 4, Y-linked|This gene lies within the male specific region of chromosome Y. Its homolog on chromosome X escapes X inactivation and encodes an actin sequestering protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCDC23 | coiled-coil domain containing 23| |
| CCDC22 | coiled-coil domain containing 22|This gene encodes a protein containing a coiled-coil domain. The encoded protein functions in the regulation of NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) by interacting with COMMD (copper metabolism Murr1 domain-containing) proteins. The mouse orthologous protein has been shown to bind copines, which are calcium-dependent, membrane-binding proteins that may function in calcium signaling. This human gene has been identified as a novel candidate gene for syndromic X-linked intellectual disability. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| CCDC25 | coiled-coil domain containing 25| |
| CCDC24 | coiled-coil domain containing 24| |
| RUNDC3A | RUN domain containing 3A| |
| CNTNAP1 | contactin associated protein 1|The gene product was initially identified as a 190-kD protein associated with the contactin-PTPRZ1 complex. The 1,384-amino acid protein, also designated p190 or CASPR for 'contactin-associated protein,' includes an extracellular domain with several putative protein-protein interaction domains, a putative transmembrane domain, and a 74-amino acid cytoplasmic domain. Northern blot analysis showed that the gene is transcribed predominantly in brain as a transcript of 6.2 kb, with weak expression in several other tissues tested. The architecture of its extracellular domain is similar to that of neurexins, and this protein may be the signaling subunit of contactin, enabling recruitment and activation of intracellular signaling pathways in neurons. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| DCAF12 | DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 12|This gene encodes a WD repeat-containing protein that interacts with the COP9 signalosome, a macromolecular complex that interacts with cullin-RING E3 ligases and regulates their activity by hydrolyzing cullin-Nedd8 conjugates. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| CNTNAP3 | contactin associated protein-like 3|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the NCP family of cell-recognition molecules. This family represents a distinct subgroup of the neurexins. NCP proteins mediate neuron-glial interactions in vertebrates and glial-glial contact in invertebrates. The protein encoded by this gene may play a role in cell recognition within the nervous system. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described but their biological nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DCAF10 | DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 10| |
| DCAF17 | DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 17|This gene encodes a nuclear transmembrane protein that associates with cullin 4A/damaged DNA binding protein 1 ubiquitin ligase complex. Mutations in this gene are associated with Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| DCAF16 | DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 16| |
| DCAF15 | DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 15| |
| MIS12 | MIS12 kinetochore complex component| |
| TRPA1 | transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1|The structure of the protein encoded by this gene is highly related to both the protein ankyrin and transmembrane proteins. The specific function of this protein has not yet been determined; however, studies indicate the function may involve a role in signal transduction and growth control. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LEPRE1 | prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1|This gene encodes an enzyme that is a member of the collagen prolyl hydroxylase family. These enzymes are localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and their activity is required for proper collagen synthesis and assembly. Mutations in this gene are associated with osteogenesis imperfecta type VIII. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. Other variants may exist, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| PAPSS1 | 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 1|Three-prime-phosphoadenosine 5-prime-phosphosulfate (PAPS) is the sulfate donor cosubstrate for all sulfotransferase (SULT) enzymes (Xu et al., 2000 [PubMed 10679223]). SULTs catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many endogenous and exogenous compounds, including drugs and other xenobiotics. In humans, PAPS is synthesized from adenosine 5-prime triphosphate (ATP) and inorganic sulfate by 2 isoforms, PAPSS1 and PAPSS2 (MIM 603005).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| TXN | thioredoxin|The protein encoded by this gene acts as a homodimer and is involved in many redox reactions. The encoded protein is active in the reversible S-nitrosylation of cysteines in certain proteins, which is part of the response to intracellular nitric oxide. This protein is found in the cytoplasm. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| PAPSS2 | 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 2|Sulfation is a common modification of endogenous (lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates) and exogenous (xenobiotics and drugs) compounds. In mammals, the sulfate source is 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), created from ATP and inorganic sulfate. Two different tissue isoforms encoded by different genes synthesize PAPS. This gene encodes one of the two PAPS synthetases. Defects in this gene cause the Pakistani type of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TXK | TXK tyrosine kinase| |
| CDKN3 | cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the dual specificity protein phosphatase family. It was identified as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, and has been shown to interact with, and dephosphorylate CDK2 kinase, thus prevent the activation of CDK2 kinase. This gene was reported to be deleted, mutated, or overexpressed in several kinds of cancers. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| ZWILCH | zwilch kinetochore protein| |
| BLZF1 | basic leucine zipper nuclear factor 1| |
| WARS2 | tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial|Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA by their cognate amino acid. Because of their central role in linking amino acids with nucleotide triplets contained in tRNAs, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are thought to be among the first proteins that appeared in evolution. Two forms of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase exist, a cytoplasmic form, named WARS, and a mitochondrial form, named WARS2. This gene encodes the mitochondrial tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. Two alternative transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LSM10 | LSM10, U7 small nuclear RNA associated| |
| ADRBK1 | adrenergic, beta, receptor kinase 1|The product of this gene phosphorylates the beta-2-adrenergic receptor and appears to mediate agonist-specific desensitization observed at high agonist concentrations. This protein is an ubiquitous cytosolic enzyme that specifically phosphorylates the activated form of the beta-adrenergic and related G-protein-coupled receptors. Abnormal coupling of beta-adrenergic receptor to G protein is involved in the pathogenesis of the failing heart. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SOD3 | superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular|This gene encodes a member of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) protein family. SODs are antioxidant enzymes that catalyze the dismutation of two superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. The product of this gene is thought to protect the brain, lungs, and other tissues from oxidative stress. The protein is secreted into the extracellular space and forms a glycosylated homotetramer that is anchored to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell surfaces through an interaction with heparan sulfate proteoglycan and collagen. A fraction of the protein is cleaved near the C-terminus before secretion to generate circulating tetramers that do not interact with the ECM. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRMT10A | tRNA methyltransferase 10 homolog A (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the tRNA (Guanine-1)-methyltransferase family. A similar gene in yeast modifies several different tRNA species. Mutations in this gene are associated with microcephaly, short stature, and impaired glucose metabolism. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| UBE2G2 | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2G 2|The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. The encoded protein shares 100% sequence identity with the mouse counterpart. This gene is ubiquitously expressed, with high expression seen in adult muscle. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| UBE2G1 | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2G 1|The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family and catalyzes the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to other proteins. The protein may be involved in degradation of muscle-specific proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRMT10B | tRNA methyltransferase 10 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)| |
| SLC35E1 | solute carrier family 35, member E1| |
| SLC35E2 | solute carrier family 35, member E2| |
| SLC35E3 | solute carrier family 35, member E3| |
| SLC35E4 | solute carrier family 35, member E4| |
| DCAF5 | DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 5| |
| PLCL2 | phospholipase C-like 2| |
| MAP7D3 | MAP7 domain containing 3|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the MAP7 (microtubule-associated protein 7) family. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| MAP7D2 | MAP7 domain containing 2| |
| MAP7D1 | MAP7 domain containing 1| |
| PPP1R12B | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 12B|Myosin phosphatase is a protein complex comprised of three subunits: a catalytic subunit (PP1c-delta, protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit delta), a large regulatory subunit (MYPT, myosin phosphatase target) and small regulatory subunit (sm-M20). Two isoforms of MYPT have been isolated--MYPT1 and MYPT2, the first of which is widely expressed, and the second of which may be specific to heart, skeletal muscle, and brain. Each of the MYPT isoforms functions to bind PP1c-delta and increase phosphatase activity. This locus encodes both MYTP2 and M20. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. Related pseudogenes have been defined on the Y chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| PLCL1 | phospholipase C-like 1| |
| PRPF38A | pre-mRNA processing factor 38A| |
| RPP38 | ribonuclease P/MRP 38kDa subunit| |
| OPRM1 | opioid receptor, mu 1|This gene encodes one of at least three opioid receptors in humans; the mu opioid receptor (MOR). The MOR is the principal target of endogenous opioid peptides and opioid analgesic agents such as beta-endorphin and enkephalins. The MOR also has an important role in dependence to other drugs of abuse, such as nicotine, cocaine, and alcohol via its modulation of the dopamine system. The NM_001008503.2:c.118A>G allele has been associated with opioid and alcohol addiction and variations in pain sensitivity but evidence for it having a causal role is conflicting. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Though the canonical MOR belongs to the superfamily of 7-transmembrane-spanning G-protein-coupled receptors some isoforms of this gene have only 6 transmembrane domains. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2013] |
| WDSUB1 | WD repeat, sterile alpha motif and U-box domain containing 1| |
| GLYAT | glycine-N-acyltransferase|The glycine-N-acyltransferase protein conjugates glycine with acyl-CoA substrates in the mitochondria. The protein is thought to be important in the detoxification of endogenous and xenobiotic acyl-CoA's. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| G3BP2 | GTPase activating protein (SH3 domain) binding protein 2| |
| MYOZ2 | myozenin 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a family of sarcomeric proteins that bind to calcineurin, a phosphatase involved in calcium-dependent signal transduction in diverse cell types. These family members tether calcineurin to alpha-actinin at the z-line of the sarcomere of cardiac and skeletal muscle cells, and thus they are important for calcineurin signaling. Mutations in this gene cause cardiomyopathy familial hypertrophic type 16, a hereditary heart disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| FAM101B | family with sequence similarity 101, member B| |
| FAM101A | family with sequence similarity 101, member A| |
| TTC39B | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 39B| |
| ALDH9A1 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 9 family, member A1|This protein belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family of proteins. It has a high activity for oxidation of gamma-aminobutyraldehyde and other amino aldehydes. The enzyme catalyzes the dehydrogenation of gamma-aminobutyraldehyde to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This isozyme is a tetramer of identical 54-kD subunits. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD38 | CD38 molecule|CD38 is a novel multifunctional ectoenzyme widely expressed in cells and tissues especially in leukocytes. CD38 also functions in cell adhesion,signal transduction and calcium signaling. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BPHL | biphenyl hydrolase-like (serine hydrolase)|This gene encodes a member of the serine protease family of hydrolytic enzymes which contain a serine in their active site. The encoded protein may play a role in activation of the antiviral prodrug valacyclovir. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| PDE6C | phosphodiesterase 6C, cGMP-specific, cone, alpha prime|This gene encodes the alpha-prime subunit of cone phosphodiesterase, which is composed of a homodimer of two alpha-prime subunits and 3 smaller proteins of 11, 13, and 15 kDa. Mutations in this gene are associated with cone dystrophy type 4 (COD4). [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| TSSK1B | testis-specific serine kinase 1B|TSSK1 belongs to a family of serine/threonine kinases highly expressed in testis (Hao et al., 2004 [PubMed 15044604]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| IFNAR2 | interferon (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane protein that forms one of the two chains of a receptor for interferons alpha and beta. Binding and activation of the receptor stimulates Janus protein kinases, which in turn phosphorylate several proteins, including STAT1 and STAT2. Multiple transcript variants encoding at least two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IFNAR1 | interferon (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane protein that forms one of the two chains of a receptor for interferons alpha and beta. Binding and activation of the receptor stimulates Janus protein kinases, which in turn phosphorylate several proteins, including STAT1 and STAT2. The encoded protein also functions as an antiviral factor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPM6A | glycoprotein M6A| |
| RNF24 | ring finger protein 24|The protein encoded by this gene contains similarity to the Drosophila goliath protein and thus may function as a transcription factor. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| SGPL1 | sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1| |
| APBB1 | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein-binding, family B, member 1 (Fe65)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Fe65 protein family. It is an adaptor protein localized in the nucleus. It interacts with the Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein (APP), transcription factor CP2/LSF/LBP1 and the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. APP functions as a cytosolic anchoring site that can prevent the gene product's nuclear translocation. This encoded protein could play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. It is thought to regulate transcription. Also it is observed to block cell cycle progression by downregulating thymidylate synthase expression. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| APBB2 | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein-binding, family B, member 2|The protein encoded by this gene interacts with the cytoplasmic domains of amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein and amyloid beta (A4) precursor-like protein 2. This protein contains two phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domains, which are thought to function in signal transduction. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with Alzheimer's disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| APBB3 | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein-binding, family B, member 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the APBB protein family. It is found in the cytoplasm and binds to the intracellular domain of the Alzheimer's disease beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) as well as to other APP-like proteins. It is thought that the protein encoded by this gene may modulate the internalization of APP. Multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HEXA | hexosaminidase A (alpha polypeptide)|This gene encodes the alpha subunit of the lysosomal enzyme beta-hexosaminidase that, together with the cofactor GM2 activator protein, catalyzes the degradation of the ganglioside GM2, and other molecules containing terminal N-acetyl hexosamines. Beta-hexosaminidase is composed of two subunits, alpha and beta, which are encoded by separate genes. Both beta-hexosaminidase alpha and beta subunits are members of family 20 of glycosyl hydrolases. Mutations in the alpha or beta subunit genes lead to an accumulation of GM2 ganglioside in neurons and neurodegenerative disorders termed the GM2 gangliosidoses. Alpha subunit gene mutations lead to Tay-Sachs disease (GM2-gangliosidosis type I). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| NOB1 | NIN1/RPN12 binding protein 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|In yeast, over 200 protein and RNA cofactors are required for ribosome assembly, and these are generally conserved in eukaryotes. These factors orchestrate modification and cleavage of the initial 35S precursor rRNA transcript into the mature 18S, 5.8S, and 25S rRNAs, folding of the rRNA, and binding of ribosomal proteins and 5S RNA. Nob1 is involved in pre-rRNA processing. In a late cytoplasmic processing step, Nob1 cleaves a 20S rRNA intermediate at cleavage site D to produce the mature 18S rRNA (Lamanna and Karbstein, 2009 [PubMed 19706509]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| SEZ6 | seizure related 6 homolog (mouse)| |
| LIME1 | Lck interacting transmembrane adaptor 1|This gene encodes a transmembrane adaptor protein that links the T and B-cell receptor stimulation to downstream signaling pathways via its association with the Src family kinases Lck and Lyn, respectively. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015] |
| IRAK2 | interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 2|IRAK2 encodes the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 2, one of two putative serine/threonine kinases that become associated with the interleukin-1 receptor (IL1R) upon stimulation. IRAK2 is reported to participate in the IL1-induced upregulation of NF-kappaB. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IRAK3 | interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 3|This gene encodes a member of the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase protein family. Members of this family are essential components of the Toll/IL-R immune signal transduction pathways. This protein is primarily expressed in monocytes and macrophages and functions as a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor signaling. Mutations in this gene are associated with a susceptibility to asthma. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| IRAK1 | interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1|This gene encodes the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1, one of two putative serine/threonine kinases that become associated with the interleukin-1 receptor (IL1R) upon stimulation. This gene is partially responsible for IL1-induced upregulation of the transcription factor NF-kappa B. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IRAK4 | interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4|This gene encodes a kinase that activates NF-kappaB in both the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathways. The protein is essential for most innate immune responses. Mutations in this gene result in IRAK4 deficiency and recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| UNKL | unkempt family zinc finger-like|This gene encodes a RING finger protein that may function in Rac signaling. It can bind to Brg/Brm-associated factor 60b and can promote its ubiquitination. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| WDR6 | WD repeat domain 6|This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. The encoded protein interacts with serine/threonine kinase 11, and is implicated in cell growth arrest. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| WDR5 | WD repeat domain 5|This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. This protein contains 7 WD repeats. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WDR4 | WD repeat domain 4|This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. This gene is excluded as a candidate for a form of nonsyndromic deafness (DFNB10), but is still a candidate for other disorders mapped to 21q22.3 as well as for the development of Down syndrome phenotypes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| WRB | tryptophan rich basic protein|This gene encodes a basic nuclear protein of unknown function. The gene is widely expressed in adult and fetal tissues. Since the region proposed to contain the gene(s) for congenital heart disease (CHD) in Down syndrome (DS) patients has been restricted to 21q22.2-22.3, this gene, which maps to 21q22.3, has a potential role in the pathogenesis of Down syndrome congenital heart disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| DIAPH1 | diaphanous-related formin 1|This gene is a homolog of the Drosophila diaphanous gene, and has been linked to autosomal dominant, fully penetrant, nonsyndromic sensorineural progressive low-frequency hearing loss. Actin polymerization involves proteins known to interact with diaphanous protein in Drosophila and mouse. It has therefore been speculated that this gene may have a role in the regulation of actin polymerization in hair cells of the inner ear. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WDR1 | WD repeat domain 1|This gene encodes a protein containing 9 WD repeats. WD repeats are approximately 30- to 40-amino acid domains containing several conserved residues, mostly including a trp-asp at the C-terminal end. WD domains are involved in protein-protein interactions. The encoded protein may help induce the disassembly of actin filaments. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DIAPH3 | diaphanous-related formin 3|This gene encodes a member of the diaphanous subfamily of the formin family. Members of this family are involved in actin remodeling and regulate cell movement and adhesion. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal dominant auditory neuropathy 1. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| WRN | Werner syndrome, RecQ helicase-like|This gene encodes a member of the RecQ subfamily and the DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) subfamily of DNA and RNA helicases. DNA helicases are involved in many aspects of DNA metabolism, including transcription, replication, recombination, and repair. This protein contains a nuclear localization signal in the C-terminus and shows a predominant nucleolar localization. It possesses an intrinsic 3' to 5' DNA helicase activity, and is also a 3' to 5' exonuclease. Based on interactions between this protein and Ku70/80 heterodimer in DNA end processing, this protein may be involved in the repair of double strand DNA breaks. Defects in this gene are the cause of Werner syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by premature aging. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SMR3B | submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B| |
| CMBL | carboxymethylenebutenolidase homolog (Pseudomonas)|CMBL (EC 3.1.1.45) is a cysteine hydrolase of the dienelactone hydrolase family that is highly expressed in liver cytosol. CMBL preferentially cleaves cyclic esters, and it activates medoxomil-ester prodrugs in which the medoxomil moiety is linked to an oxygen atom (Ishizuka et al., 2010 [PubMed 20177059]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010] |
| SMARCD3 | SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily d, member 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins, whose members display helicase and ATPase activities and which are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SNF/SWI and has sequence similarity to the yeast Swp73 protein. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the biological validity of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SMARCD2 | SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily d, member 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins, whose members display helicase and ATPase activities and which are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SNF/SWI and has sequence similarity to the yeast Swp73 protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SMARCD1 | SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily d, member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins, whose members display helicase and ATPase activities and which are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SNF/SWI and has sequence similarity to the yeast Swp73 protein. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MFI2 | antigen p97 (melanoma associated) identified by monoclonal antibodies 133.2 and 96.5|The protein encoded by this gene is a cell-surface glycoprotein found on melanoma cells. The protein shares sequence similarity and iron-binding properties with members of the transferrin superfamily. The importance of the iron binding function has not yet been identified. This gene resides in the same region of chromosome 3 as members of the transferrin superfamily. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF736 | zinc finger protein 736| |
| GATA4 | GATA binding protein 4|This gene encodes a member of the GATA family of zinc-finger transcription factors. Members of this family recognize the GATA motif which is present in the promoters of many genes. This protein is thought to regulate genes involved in embryogenesis and in myocardial differentiation and function, and is necessary for normal testicular development. Mutations in this gene have been associated with cardiac septal defects. Additionally, alterations in gene expression have been associated with several cancer types. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| GATA5 | GATA binding protein 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that contains two GATA-type zinc fingers. The encoded protein is known to bind to hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha (HNF-1alpha), and this interaction is essential for cooperative activation of the intestinal lactase-phlorizin hydrolase promoter. In other organisms, similar proteins may be involved in the establishment of cardiac smooth muscle cell diversity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GATA2 | GATA binding protein 2|This gene encodes a member of the GATA family of zinc-finger transcription factors that are named for the consensus nucleotide sequence they bind in the promoter regions of target genes. The encoded protein plays an essential role in regulating transcription of genes involved in the development and proliferation of hematopoietic and endocrine cell lineages. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| GATA3 | GATA binding protein 3|This gene encodes a protein which belongs to the GATA family of transcription factors. The protein contains two GATA-type zinc fingers and is an important regulator of T-cell development and plays an important role in endothelial cell biology. Defects in this gene are the cause of hypoparathyroidism with sensorineural deafness and renal dysplasia. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| COX6A2 | cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIa polypeptide 2|Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. It is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may be involved in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes polypeptide 2 (heart/muscle isoform) of subunit VIa, and polypeptide 2 is present only in striated muscles. Polypeptide 1 (liver isoform) of subunit VIa is encoded by a different gene, and is found in all non-muscle tissues. These two polypeptides share 66% amino acid sequence identity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SVOPL | SVOP-like| |
| POLR3F | polymerase (RNA) III (DNA directed) polypeptide F, 39 kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is one of more than a dozen subunits forming eukaryotic RNA polymerase III (RNA Pol III), which transcribes 5S ribosomal RNA and tRNA genes. This protein has been shown to bind both TFIIIB90 and TBP, two subunits of RNA polymerase III transcription initiation factor IIIB (TFIIIB). Unlike most of the other RNA Pol III subunits, the encoded protein is unique to this polymerase. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| POLR3G | polymerase (RNA) III (DNA directed) polypeptide G (32kD)| |
| CCND1 | cyclin D1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein has been shown to interact with tumor suppressor protein Rb and the expression of this gene is regulated positively by Rb. Mutations, amplification and overexpression of this gene, which alters cell cycle progression, are observed frequently in a variety of tumors and may contribute to tumorigenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCND3 | cyclin D3|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activtiy is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein has been shown to interact with and be involved in the phosphorylation of tumor suppressor protein Rb. The CDK4 activity associated with this cyclin was reported to be necessary for cell cycle progression through G2 phase into mitosis after UV radiation. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| CCND2 | cyclin D2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with CDK4 or CDK6 and functions as a regulatory subunit of the complex, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein has been shown to interact with and be involved in the phosphorylation of tumor suppressor protein Rb. Knockout studies of the homologous gene in mouse suggest the essential roles of this gene in ovarian granulosa and germ cell proliferation. High level expression of this gene was observed in ovarian and testicular tumors. Mutations in this gene are associated with megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome 3 (MPPH3). [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| CEP290 | centrosomal protein 290kDa|This gene encodes a protein with 13 putative coiled-coil domains, a region with homology to SMC chromosome segregation ATPases, six KID motifs, three tropomyosin homology domains and an ATP/GTP binding site motif A. The protein is localized to the centrosome and cilia and has sites for N-glycosylation, tyrosine sulfation, phosphorylation, N-myristoylation, and amidation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Joubert syndrome and nephronophthisis and the presence of antibodies against this protein is associated with several forms of cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TCF15 | transcription factor 15 (basic helix-loop-helix)|The protein encoded by this gene is found in the nucleus and may be involved in the early transcriptional regulation of patterning of the mesoderm. The encoded basic helix-loop-helix protein requires dimerization with another basic helix-loop-helix protein for efficient DNA binding. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SCNM1 | sodium channel modifier 1|SCNM1 is a zinc finger protein and putative splicing factor. In mice, Scnm1 modifies phenotypic expression of Scn8a (MIM 600702) mutations (Buchner et al., 2003 [PubMed 12920299]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009] |
| TCF12 | transcription factor 12|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) E-protein family that recognizes the consensus binding site (E-box) CANNTG. This encoded protein is expressed in many tissues, among them skeletal muscle, thymus, B- and T-cells, and may participate in regulating lineage-specific gene expression through the formation of heterodimers with other bHLH E-proteins. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPL49 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L49|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 5q and 8p. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| TCF19 | transcription factor 19|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the Plant Homeo Domain finger family of transcription factors. The encoded protein is thought to function during the G1/S transition in the cell cycle. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| NTS | neurotensin|This gene encodes a common precursor for two peptides, neuromedin N and neurotensin. Neurotensin is a secreted tridecapeptide, which is widely distributed throughout the central nervous system, and may function as a neurotransmitter or a neuromodulator. It may be involved in dopamine-associated pathophysiological events, in the maintenance of gut structure and function, and in the regulation of fat metabolism. Neurotensin also exhibits antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. Tissue-specific processing may lead to the formation in some tissues of larger forms of neuromedin N and neurotensin. The large forms may represent more stable peptides that are also biologically active. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| TNKS | tankyrase, TRF1-interacting ankyrin-related ADP-ribose polymerase| |
| PDE6G | phosphodiesterase 6G, cGMP-specific, rod, gamma|This gene encodes the gamma subunit of cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase, which is composed of alpha- and beta- catalytic subunits and two identical, inhibitory gamma subunits. This gene is expressed in rod photoreceptors and functions in the phototransduction signaling cascade. It is also expressed in a variety of other tissues, and has been shown to regulate the c-Src protein kinase and G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| ACVR1C | activin A receptor, type IC|ACVR1C is a type I receptor for the TGFB (see MIM 190180) family of signaling molecules. Upon ligand binding, type I receptors phosphorylate cytoplasmic SMAD transcription factors, which then translocate to the nucleus and interact directly with DNA or in complex with other transcription factors (Bondestam et al., 2001 [PubMed 12063393]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ACVR1B | activin A receptor, type IB|This gene encodes an activin A type IB receptor. Activins are dimeric growth and differentiation factors which belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. Activins signal through a heteromeric complex of receptor serine kinases which include at least two type I and two type II receptors. This protein is a type I receptor which is essential for signaling. Mutations in this gene are associated with pituitary tumors. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| C1GALT1C1 | C1GALT1-specific chaperone 1|This gene encodes a type II transmembrane protein that is similar to the core 1 beta1,3-galactosyltransferase 1, which catalyzes the synthesis of the core-1 structure, also known as Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen, on O-linked glycans. This gene product lacks the galactosyltransferase activity itself, but instead acts as a molecular chaperone required for the folding, stability and full activity of the core 1 beta1,3-galactosyltransferase 1. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Tn syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| RPS27A | ribosomal protein S27a|Ubiquitin, a highly conserved protein that has a major role in targeting cellular proteins for degradation by the 26S proteosome, is synthesized as a precursor protein consisting of either polyubiquitin chains or a single ubiquitin fused to an unrelated protein. This gene encodes a fusion protein consisting of ubiquitin at the N terminus and ribosomal protein S27a at the C terminus. When expressed in yeast, the protein is post-translationally processed, generating free ubiquitin monomer and ribosomal protein S27a. Ribosomal protein S27a is a component of the 40S subunit of the ribosome and belongs to the S27AE family of ribosomal proteins. It contains C4-type zinc finger domains and is located in the cytoplasm. Pseudogenes derived from this gene are present in the genome. As with ribosomal protein S27a, ribosomal protein L40 is also synthesized as a fusion protein with ubiquitin; similarly, ribosomal protein S30 is synthesized as a fusion protein with the ubiquitin-like protein fubi. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode the same proteins have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| MSH2 | mutS homolog 2|This locus is frequently mutated in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). When cloned, it was discovered to be a human homolog of the E. coli mismatch repair gene mutS, consistent with the characteristic alterations in microsatellite sequences (RER+ phenotype) found in HNPCC. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| UROS | uroporphyrinogen III synthase|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the fourth step of porphyrin biosynthesis in the heme biosynthetic pathway. Defects in this gene cause congenital erythropoietic porphyria (Gunther's disease). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAGEE2 | melanoma antigen family E2|This gene encodes a member of the E subfamily of MAGE (melanoma antigen-encoding gene) gene family. The gene is intronless and the encoded protein has two of the MAGE domains which are characteristic of MAGE family proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| MAGEE1 | melanoma antigen family E1|This gene encodes an alpha-dystrobrevin-associated MAGE (melanoma-associated antigen) protein, which is a member of the MAGE family. The protein contains a nuclear localization signal in the N-terminus, 30 12-amino acid repeats beginning at nt 60 with the consensus sequence ASEGPSTSVLPT, and two MAGE domains in the C-terminus. It may play a signaling role in brain, muscle, and peripheral nerve. This gene is located on X chromosome in a region containing loci linked to mental retardation. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| KDM2A | lysine (K)-specific demethylase 2A|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbls class and, in addition to an F-box, contains at least six highly degenerated leucine-rich repeats. This family member plays a role in epigenetic silencing. It nucleates at CpG islands and specifically demethylates both mono- and di-methylated lysine-36 of histone H3. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| UROD | uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase|This gene encodes an enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway. This enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the conversion of uroporphyrinogen to coproporphyrinogen through the removal of four carboxymethyl side chains. Mutations and deficiency in this enzyme are known to cause familial porphyria cutanea tarda and hepatoerythropoetic porphyria.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| GABBR1 | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B receptor, 1|Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. GABA exerts its effects through ionotropic [GABA(A/C)] receptors, to produce fast synaptic inhibition, and metabotropic [GABA(B)] receptors, to produce slow, prolonged inhibitory signals. The GABA(B) receptor consists of a heterodimer of two related 7-transmembrane receptors, GABA(B) receptor 1 and GABA(B) receptor 2. The GABA(B) receptor 1 gene is mapped to chromosome 6p21.3 within the HLA class I region close to the HLA-F gene. Susceptibility loci for multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and schizophrenia have also been mapped in this region. Alternative splicing of this gene generates multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| GABBR2 | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B receptor, 2|The multi-pass membrane protein encoded by this gene belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 3 family and GABA-B receptor subfamily. The GABA-B receptors inhibit neuronal activity through G protein-coupled second-messenger systems, which regulate the release of neurotransmitters, and the activity of ion channels and adenylyl cyclase. This receptor subunit forms an active heterodimeric complex with GABA-B receptor subunit 1, neither of which is effective on its own. Allelic variants of this gene have been associated with nicotine dependence.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| SERPINE1 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 1|This gene encodes a member of the serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) superfamily. This member is the principal inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase (uPA), and hence is an inhibitor of fibrinolysis. Defects in this gene are the cause of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 deficiency (PAI-1 deficiency), and high concentrations of the gene product are associated with thrombophilia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| SERPINE2 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 2|This gene encodes a member of the serpin family of proteins, a group of proteins that inhibit serine proteases. Thrombin, urokinase, plasmin and trypsin are among the proteases that this family member can inhibit. This gene is a susceptibility gene for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and for emphysema. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| SH2D5 | SH2 domain containing 5| |
| SOX18 | SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 18|This gene encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of the cell fate. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional regulator after forming a protein complex with other proteins. This protein plays a role in hair, blood vessel, and lymphatic vessel development. Mutations in this gene have been associated with recessive and dominant forms of hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SSTR1 | somatostatin receptor 1|Somatostatins are peptide hormones that regulate diverse cellular functions such as neurotransmission, cell proliferation, and endocrine signaling as well as inhibiting the release of many hormones and other secretory proteins. Somatostatin has two active forms of 14 and 28 amino acids. The biological effects of somatostatins are mediated by a family of G-protein coupled somatostatin receptors that are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of somatostatin receptors having seven transmembrane segments. Somatostatin receptors form homodimers and heterodimers with other members of the superfamily as well as with other G-protein coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. This somatostatin receptor has greater affinity for somatostatin-14 than -28. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| TNNT3 | troponin T type 3 (skeletal, fast)|The binding of Ca(2+) to the trimeric troponin complex initiates the process of muscle contraction. Increased Ca(2+) concentrations produce a conformational change in the troponin complex that is transmitted to tropomyosin dimers situated along actin filaments. The altered conformation permits increased interaction between a myosin head and an actin filament which, ultimately, produces a muscle contraction. The troponin complex has protein subunits C, I, and T. Subunit C binds Ca(2+) and subunit I binds to actin and inhibits actin-myosin interaction. Subunit T binds the troponin complex to the tropomyosin complex and is also required for Ca(2+)-mediated activation of actomyosin ATPase activity. There are 3 different troponin T genes that encode tissue-specific isoforms of subunit T for fast skeletal-, slow skeletal-, and cardiac-muscle. This gene encodes fast skeletal troponin T protein; also known as troponin T type 3. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding additional distinct troponin T type 3 isoforms. A developmentally regulated switch between fetal/neonatal and adult troponin T type 3 isoforms occurs. Additional splice variants have been described but their biological validity has not been established. Mutations in this gene may cause distal arthrogryposis multiplex congenita type 2B (DA2B). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| TNNT2 | troponin T type 2 (cardiac)|The protein encoded by this gene is the tropomyosin-binding subunit of the troponin complex, which is located on the thin filament of striated muscles and regulates muscle contraction in response to alterations in intracellular calcium ion concentration. Mutations in this gene have been associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as well as with dilated cardiomyopathy. Transcripts for this gene undergo alternative splicing that results in many tissue-specific isoforms, however, the full-length nature of some of these variants has not yet been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SOX10 | SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 10|This gene encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of the cell fate. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional activator after forming a protein complex with other proteins. This protein acts as a nucleocytoplasmic shuttle protein and is important for neural crest and peripheral nervous system development. Mutations in this gene are associated with Waardenburg-Shah and Waardenburg-Hirschsprung disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SOX11 | SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 11|This intronless gene encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of the cell fate. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional regulator after forming a protein complex with other proteins. The protein may function in the developing nervous system and play a role in tumorigenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SOX12 | SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 12|Members of the SOX family of transcription factors are characterized by the presence of a DNA-binding high mobility group (HMG) domain, homologous to the HMG box of sex-determining region Y (SRY). Forming a subgroup of the HMG domain superfamily, SOX proteins have been implicated in cell fate decisions in a diverse range of developmental processes. SOX transcription factors have diverse tissue-specific expression patterns during early development and have been proposed to act as target-specific transcription factors and/or as chromatin structure regulatory elements. The protein encoded by this gene was identified as a SOX family member based on conserved domains, and its expression in various tissues suggests a role in both differentiation and maintenance of several cell types. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| SOX13 | SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 13|This gene encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of cell fate. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional regulator after forming a protein complex with other proteins. It has also been determined to be a type-1 diabetes autoantigen, also known as islet cell antibody 12. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SOX14 | SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 14|This intronless gene encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of the cell fate. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional regulator after forming a protein complex with other proteins. Mutations in this gene are suggested to be responsible for the limb defects associated with blepharophimosis, ptosis, epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES) and Mobius syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SOX15 | SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 15|This gene encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of the cell fate. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional regulator after forming a protein complex with other proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SOX17 | SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 17|This gene encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of the cell fate. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional regulator after forming a protein complex with other proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EPPK1 | epiplakin 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the plakin family of proteins, which play a role in the organization of cytoskeletal architecture. This family member is composed of several highly homologous plakin repeats. It may function to maintain the integrity of keratin intermediate filament networks in epithelial cells. Studies of the orthologous mouse protein suggest that it accelerates keratinocyte migration during wound healing. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2013] |
| C4A | complement component 4A (Rodgers blood group)|This gene encodes the acidic form of complement factor 4, part of the classical activation pathway. The protein is expressed as a single chain precursor which is proteolytically cleaved into a trimer of alpha, beta, and gamma chains prior to secretion. The trimer provides a surface for interaction between the antigen-antibody complex and other complement components. The alpha chain is cleaved to release C4 anaphylatoxin, an antimicrobial peptide and a mediator of local inflammation. Deficiency of this protein is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and type I diabetes mellitus. This gene localizes to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region on chromosome 6. Varying haplotypes of this gene cluster exist, such that individuals may have 1, 2, or 3 copies of this gene. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| DMAP1 | DNA methyltransferase 1 associated protein 1|This gene encodes a subunit of several, distinct complexes involved in the repression or activation of transcription. The encoded protein can independently repress transcription and is targeted to replication foci throughout S phase by interacting directly with the N-terminus of DNA methyltransferase 1. During late S phase, histone deacetylase 2 is added to this complex, providing a means to deacetylate histones in transcriptionally inactive heterochromatin following replication. The encoded protein is also a component of the nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4 complex and interacts with the transcriptional corepressor tumor susceptibility gene 101 and the pro-apoptotic death-associated protein 6, among others. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PGM5 | phosphoglucomutase 5|Phosphoglucomutases (EC 5.2.2.2.), such as PGM5, are phosphotransferases involved in interconversion of glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate. PGM activity is essential in formation of carbohydrates from glucose-6-phosphate and in formation of glucose-6-phosphate from galactose and glycogen (Edwards et al., 1995 [PubMed 8586438]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SNX31 | sorting nexin 31| |
| SNX30 | sorting nexin family member 30| |
| SNX33 | sorting nexin 33| |
| SNX32 | sorting nexin 32| |
| PDLIM4 | PDZ and LIM domain 4|This gene encodes a protein which may be involved in bone development. Mutations in this gene are associated with susceptibility to osteoporosis. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| IRGQ | immunity-related GTPase family, Q| |
| PDLIM7 | PDZ and LIM domain 7 (enigma)|The protein encoded by this gene is representative of a family of proteins composed of conserved PDZ and LIM domains. LIM domains are proposed to function in protein-protein recognition in a variety of contexts including gene transcription and development and in cytoskeletal interaction. The LIM domains of this protein bind to protein kinases, whereas the PDZ domain binds to actin filaments. The gene product is involved in the assembly of an actin filament-associated complex essential for transmission of ret/ptc2 mitogenic signaling. The biological function is likely to be that of an adapter, with the PDZ domain localizing the LIM-binding proteins to actin filaments of both skeletal muscle and nonmuscle tissues. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DPCD | deleted in primary ciliary dyskinesia homolog (mouse)| |
| PDLIM2 | PDZ and LIM domain 2 (mystique)|This gene encodes a member of the ALP subfamily of PDZ-LIM domain proteins. The encoded protein suppresses anchorage-dependent growth and promotes cell migration and adhesion through interactions with the actin cytoskeleton via the PDZ domain. The encoded protein is also a putative tumor suppressor protein, and decreased expression of this gene is associated with several malignancies including breast cancer and adult T-cell leukemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| PDLIM3 | PDZ and LIM domain 3|The protein encoded by this gene contains a PDZ domain and a LIM domain, indicating that it may be involved in cytoskeletal assembly. In support of this, the encoded protein has been shown to bind the spectrin-like repeats of alpha-actinin-2 and to colocalize with alpha-actinin-2 at the Z lines of skeletal muscle. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. Aberrant alternative splicing of this gene may play a role in myotonic dystrophy. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| HNRNPCL1 | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C-like 1| |
| MARS | methionyl-tRNA synthetase|This gene encodes a member of the class I family of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. These enzymes play a critical role in protein biosynthesis by charging tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. The encoded protein is a component of the multi-tRNA synthetase complex and catalyzes the ligation of methionine to tRNA molecules. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| MCM3 | minichromosome maintenance complex component 3|The protein encoded by this gene is one of the highly conserved mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) that are involved in the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. The hexameric protein complex formed by MCM proteins is a key component of the pre-replication complex (pre_RC) and may be involved in the formation of replication forks and in the recruitment of other DNA replication related proteins. This protein is a subunit of the protein complex that consists of MCM2-7. It has been shown to interact directly with MCM5/CDC46. This protein also interacts with and is acetylated by MCM3AP, a chromatin-associated acetyltransferase. The acetylation of this protein inhibits the initiation of DNA replication and cell cycle progression. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| IRGC | immunity-related GTPase family, cinema| |
| INSIG2 | insulin induced gene 2|The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to the protein product encoded by gene INSIG1. Both INSIG1 protein and this protein are endoplasmic reticulum proteins that block the processing of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) by binding to SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), and thus prevent SCAP from escorting SREBPs to the Golgi. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ASIC3 | acid sensing (proton gated) ion channel 3|This gene encodes a member of the degenerin/epithelial sodium channel (DEG/ENaC) superfamily. The members of this family are amiloride-sensitive sodium channels that contain intracellular N and C termini, two hydrophobic transmembrane regions, and a large extracellular loop, which has many cysteine residues with conserved spacing. The member encoded by this gene is an acid sensor and may play an important role in the detection of lasting pH changes. In addition, a heteromeric association between this member and acid-sensing (proton-gated) ion channel 2 has been observed as proton-gated channels sensitive to gadolinium. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| INSIG1 | insulin induced gene 1|Oxysterols regulate cholesterol homeostasis through the liver X receptor (LXR)- and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-mediated signaling pathways. This gene is an insulin-induced gene. It encodes an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein that plays a critical role in regulating cholesterol concentrations in cells. This protein binds to the sterol-sensing domains of SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) and HMG CoA reductase, and is essential for the sterol-mediated trafficking of the two proteins. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| RPRD2 | regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA domain containing 2| |
| MCCC2 | methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (beta)|This gene encodes the small subunit of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase. This enzyme functions as a heterodimer and catalyzes the carboxylation of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA to form 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA. Mutations in this gene are associated with 3-Methylcrotonylglycinuria, an autosomal recessive disorder of leucine catabolism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FTO | fat mass and obesity associated|This gene is a nuclear protein of the AlkB related non-haem iron and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase superfamily but the exact physiological function of this gene is not known. Other non-heme iron enzymes function to reverse alkylated DNA and RNA damage by oxidative demethylation. Studies in mice and humans indicate a role in nervous and cardiovascular systems and a strong association with body mass index, obesity risk, and type 2 diabetes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| ZDHHC1 | zinc finger, DHHC-type containing 1| |
| TNK2 | tyrosine kinase, non-receptor, 2|This gene encodes a tyrosine kinase that binds Cdc42Hs in its GTP-bound form and inhibits both the intrinsic and GTPase-activating protein (GAP)-stimulated GTPase activity of Cdc42Hs. This binding is mediated by a unique sequence of 47 amino acids C-terminal to an SH3 domain. The protein may be involved in a regulatory mechanism that sustains the GTP-bound active form of Cdc42Hs and which is directly linked to a tyrosine phosphorylation signal transduction pathway. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified from this gene, but the full-length nature of only two transcript variants has been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZDHHC3 | zinc finger, DHHC-type containing 3| |
| ZDHHC2 | zinc finger, DHHC-type containing 2| |
| ZDHHC5 | zinc finger, DHHC-type containing 5| |
| ZDHHC4 | zinc finger, DHHC-type containing 4| |
| ZDHHC7 | zinc finger, DHHC-type containing 7| |
| ZDHHC6 | zinc finger, DHHC-type containing 6| |
| ZDHHC9 | zinc finger, DHHC-type containing 9|This gene encodes an integral membrane protein that is a member of the zinc finger DHHC domain-containing protein family. The encoded protein forms a complex with golgin subfamily A member 7 and functions as a palmitoyltransferase. This protein specifically palmitoylates HRAS and NRAS. Mutations in this gene are associated with X-linked mental retardation. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| ZDHHC8 | zinc finger, DHHC-type containing 8|This gene encodes a four transmembrane protein that is a member of the zinc finger DHHC domain-containing protein family. The encoded protein may function as a palmitoyltransferase. Defects in this gene may be associated with a susceptibility to schizophrenia. Alternate splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 22.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| FAM207A | family with sequence similarity 207, member A| |
| NBEAL1 | neurobeachin-like 1| |
| IGFBP6 | insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6| |
| NBEAL2 | neurobeachin-like 2|The protein encoded by this gene contains a beige and Chediak-Higashi (BEACH) domain and multiple WD40 domains, and may play a role in megakaryocyte alpha-granule biogenesis. Mutations in this gene are a cause of gray platelet syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| TTC39C | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 39C| |
| HES1 | hes family bHLH transcription factor 1|This protein belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors. It is a transcriptional repressor of genes that require a bHLH protein for their transcription. The protein has a particular type of basic domain that contains a helix interrupting protein that binds to the N-box rather than the canonical E-box. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ABCA9 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 9|This gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and the encoded protein contains two transmembrane domains and two nucleotide binding folds. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intracellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, and White). This gene is a member of the ABC1 subfamily and is clustered with four other ABC1 family members on chromosome 17q24. Transcriptional expression of this gene is induced during monocyte differentiation into macrophages and is suppressed by cholesterol import. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HES4 | hes family bHLH transcription factor 4| |
| C8orf37 | chromosome 8 open reading frame 37|This gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed protein of unknown function. It has high levels of mRNA expression in the brain, heart, and retina and the protein co-localizes with polyglutamylated tubulin at the base of the primary cilium in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive cone-rod dystrophy (arCRD) and retinitis pigmentosa (arRP). [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| C8orf34 | chromosome 8 open reading frame 34| |
| HES7 | hes family bHLH transcription factor 7|This gene encodes a member of the hairy and enhancer of split family of bHLH transcription factors. The mouse ortholog of this gene is regulated by Notch signaling. The protein functions as a transcriptional repressor, and is implicated in correct patterning of the axial skeleton. A mutation in this gene has been shown to result in spondylocostal dysostosis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| KLHL25 | kelch-like family member 25| |
| KLHL24 | kelch-like family member 24| |
| KLHL26 | kelch-like family member 26| |
| KLHL21 | kelch-like family member 21| |
| KLHL20 | kelch-like family member 20|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the kelch family of proteins, which is characterized by a 44-56 amino acid repeat motif. The kelch motif appears in many different polypeptide contexts and contains multiple potential protein-protein contact sites. Members of this family are present both throughout the cell and extracellularly, with diverse activities. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KLHL23 | kelch-like family member 23| |
| KLHL22 | kelch-like family member 22| |
| GABRR1 | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, rho 1|GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain where it acts at GABA receptors, which are ligand-gated chloride channels. GABRR1 is a member of the rho subunit family. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| GABRR2 | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, rho 2|GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain where it acts at GABA receptors, which are ligand-gated chloride channels. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the rho subunit family and is a component of the GABA receptor complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KLHL29 | kelch-like family member 29| |
| KLHL28 | kelch-like family member 28| |
| POLG | polymerase (DNA directed), gamma|Mitochondrial DNA polymerase is heterotrimeric, consisting of a homodimer of accessory subunits plus a catalytic subunit. The protein encoded by this gene is the catalytic subunit of mitochondrial DNA polymerase. The encoded protein contains a polyglutamine tract near its N-terminus that may be polymorphic. Defects in this gene are a cause of progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions 1 (PEOA1), sensory ataxic neuropathy dysarthria and ophthalmoparesis (SANDO), Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome (AHS), and mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome (MNGIE). Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TAF12 | TAF12 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 20kDa|Control of transcription by RNA polymerase II involves the basal transcription machinery which is a collection of proteins. These proteins with RNA polymerase II, assemble into complexes which are modulated by transactivator proteins that bind to cis-regulatory elements located adjacent to the transcription start site. Some modulators interact directly with the basal complex, whereas others may act as bridging proteins linking transactivators to the basal transcription factors. Some of these associated factors are weakly attached while others are tightly associated with TBP in the TFIID complex. Among the latter are the TAF proteins. Different TAFs are predicted to mediate the function of distinct transcriptional activators for a variety of gene promoters and RNA polymerases. TAF12 interacts directly with TBP as well as with TAF2I. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| POLE | polymerase (DNA directed), epsilon, catalytic subunit|This gene encodes the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase epsilon. The enzyme is involved in DNA repair and chromosomal DNA replication. Mutations in this gene have been associated with colorectal cancer 12 and facial dysmorphism, immunodeficiency, livedo, and short stature. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| TAF10 | TAF10 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 30kDa|Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the activities of more than 70 polypeptides. The protein that coordinates these activities is transcription factor IID (TFIID), which binds to the core promoter to position the polymerase properly, serves as the scaffold for assembly of the remainder of the transcription complex, and acts as a channel for regulatory signals. TFIID is composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins known as TBP-associated factors or TAFs. TAFs may participate in basal transcription, serve as coactivators, function in promoter recognition or modify general transcription factors (GTFs) to facilitate complex assembly and transcription initiation. This gene encodes one of the small subunits of TFIID that is associated with a subset of TFIID complexes. Studies with human and mammalian cells have shown that this subunit is required for transcriptional activation by the estrogen receptor, for progression through the cell cycle, and may also be required for certain cellular differentiation programs. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIM59 | tripartite motif containing 59| |
| POLB | polymerase (DNA directed), beta|The protein encoded by this gene is a DNA polymerase involved in base excision and repair, also called gap-filling DNA synthesis. The encoded protein, acting as a monomer, is normally found in the cytoplasm, but it translocates to the nucleus upon DNA damage. Several transcript variants of this gene exist, but the full-length nature of only one has been described to date. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| TAF15 | TAF15 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 68kDa|This gene encodes a member of the TET family of RNA-binding proteins. The encoded protein plays a role in RNA polymerase II gene transcription as a component of a distinct subset of multi-subunit transcription initiation factor TFIID complexes. Translocations involving this gene play a role in acute leukemia and extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, and mutations in this gene may play a role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| TRIM55 | tripartite motif containing 55|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING zinc finger, a motif known to be involved in protein-protein interactions. This protein associates transiently with microtubules, myosin, and titin during muscle sarcomere assembly. It may act as a transient adaptor and plays a regulatory role in the assembly of sarcomeres. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| POLN | polymerase (DNA directed) nu|This gene encodes a DNA polymerase type-A family member. The encoded protein plays a role in DNA repair and homologous recombination. This gene shares its 5' exons with some transcripts from overlapping GeneID: 79441, which encodes an augmentin-like protein complex subunit. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| POLM | polymerase (DNA directed), mu| |
| POLL | polymerase (DNA directed), lambda|This gene encodes a DNA polymerase. DNA polymerases catalyze DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of a DNA strand. This particular polymerase, which is a member of the X family of DNA polymerases, likely plays a role in non-homologous end joining and other DNA repair processes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| TRIM51 | tripartite motif-containing 51| |
| TRIM50 | tripartite motif containing 50| |
| POLI | polymerase (DNA directed) iota| |
| TRIM52 | tripartite motif containing 52| |
| NDUFV3 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 3, 10kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is one of at least forty-one subunits that make up the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex. This complex is part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and serves to catalyze the rotenone-sensitive oxidation of NADH and the reduction of ubiquinone. The encoded protein is one of three proteins found in the flavoprotein fraction of the complex. The specific function of the encoded protein is unknown. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| R3HDML | R3H domain containing-like| |
| NDUFV1 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 1, 51kDa|The mitochondrial respiratory chain provides energy to cells via oxidative phosphorylation and consists of four membrane-bound electron-transporting protein complexes (I-IV) and an ATP synthase (complex V). This gene encodes a 51 kDa subunit of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex I; a large complex with at least 45 nuclear and mitochondrial encoded subunits that liberates electrons from NADH and channels them to ubiquinone. This subunit carries the NADH-binding site as well as flavin mononucleotide (FMN)- and Fe-S-biding sites. Defects in complex I are a common cause of mitochondrial dysfunction; a syndrome that occurs in approximately 1 in 10,000 live births. Mitochondrial complex I deficiency is linked to myopathies, encephalomyopathies, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Leigh syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| CFI | complement factor I|This gene encodes a serine proteinase that is essential for regulating the complement cascade. The encoded preproprotein is cleaved to produce both heavy and light chains, which are linked by disulfide bonds to form a heterodimeric glycoprotein. This heterodimer can cleave and inactivate the complement components C4b and C3b, and it prevents the assembly of the C3 and C5 convertase enzymes. Defects in this gene cause complement factor I deficiency, an autosomal recessive disease associated with a susceptibility to pyogenic infections. Mutations in this gene have been associated with a predisposition to atypical hemolytic uraemic syndrome, a disease characterized by acute renal failure, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Primary glomerulonephritis with immmune deposits is another condition associated with mutation of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCNDBP1 | cyclin D-type binding-protein 1|This gene was identified by the interaction of its gene product with Grap2, a leukocyte-specific adaptor protein important for immune cell signaling. The protein encoded by this gene was shown to interact with cyclin D. Transfection of this gene in cells was reported to reduce the phosphorylation of Rb gene product by cyclin D-dependent protein kinase, and inhibit E2F1-mediated transcription activity. This protein was also found to interact with helix-loop-helix protein E12 and is thought to be a negative regulator of liver-specific gene expression. Several alternatively spliced variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| CD27 | CD27 molecule|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor is required for generation and long-term maintenance of T cell immunity. It binds to ligand CD70, and plays a key role in regulating B-cell activation and immunoglobulin synthesis. This receptor transduces signals that lead to the activation of NF-kappaB and MAPK8/JNK. Adaptor proteins TRAF2 and TRAF5 have been shown to mediate the signaling process of this receptor. CD27-binding protein (SIVA), a proapoptotic protein, can bind to this receptor and is thought to play an important role in the apoptosis induced by this receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLAC9 | placenta-specific 9| |
| SSBP2 | single-stranded DNA binding protein 2|SSBP2 is a subunit of a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding complex involved in the maintenance of genome stability (Huang et al., 2009) [PubMed 19683501].[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2010] |
| C2orf16 | chromosome 2 open reading frame 16| |
| C2orf15 | chromosome 2 open reading frame 15| |
| TOM1 | target of myb1 (chicken)|This gene was identified as a target of the v-myb oncogene. The encoded protein shares its N-terminal domain in common with proteins associated with vesicular trafficking at the endosome. It is recruited to the endosomes by its interaction with endofin. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| GGN | gametogenetin|This gene is a germ cell-specific gene that encodes proteins that interact with POG (proliferation of germ cells). Alternatively spliced transcript variants of a similar mouse gene encode at least three different proteins, namely gametogenetin protein 1a, gametogenetin protein 2, and gametogenetin protein 3, which show a perinuclear, cytoplasmic, and nucleolar localization, respectively. These proteins regulate the localization of POG and may play a role in spermatogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GGH | gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (conjugase, folylpolygammaglutamyl hydrolase)|This gene catalyzes the hydrolysis of folylpoly-gamma-glutamates and antifolylpoly-gamma-glutamates by the removal of gamma-linked polyglutamates and glutamate. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NUS1 | nuclear undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| LAMA1 | laminin, alpha 1|This gene encodes one of the alpha 1 subunits of laminin. The laminins are a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins that have a heterotrimeric structure consisting of an alpha, beta and gamma chain. These proteins make up a major component of the basement membrane and have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Mutations in this gene may be associated with Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| IL17F | interleukin 17F|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that shares sequence similarity with IL17. This cytokine is expressed by activated T cells, and has been shown to stimulate the production of several other cytokines, including IL6, IL8, and CSF2/GM_CSF. This cytokine is also found to inhibit the angiogenesis of endothelial cells and induce endothelial cells to produce IL2, TGFB1/TGFB, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PSMD6 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 6|This gene encodes a member of the protease subunit S10 family. The encoded protein is a subunit of the 26S proteasome which colocalizes with DNA damage foci and is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquinated proteins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| LAMA4 | laminin, alpha 4|Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Laminins are composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively) and they form a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. Several isoforms of each chain have been described. Different alpha, beta and gamma chain isomers combine to give rise to different heterotrimeric laminin isoforms which are designated by Arabic numerals in the order of their discovery, i.e. alpha1beta1gamma1 heterotrimer is laminin 1. The biological functions of the different chains and trimer molecules are largely unknown, but some of the chains have been shown to differ with respect to their tissue distribution, presumably reflecting diverse functions in vivo. This gene encodes the alpha chain isoform laminin, alpha 4. The domain structure of alpha 4 is similar to that of alpha 3, both of which resemble truncated versions of alpha 1 and alpha 2, in that approximately 1,200 residues at the N-terminus (domains IV, V and VI) have been lost. Laminin, alpha 4 contains the C-terminal G domain which distinguishes all alpha chains from the beta and gamma chains. The RNA analysis from adult and fetal tissues revealed developmental regulation of expression, however, the exact function of laminin, alpha 4 is not known. Tissue-specific utilization of alternative polyA-signal has been described in literature. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| INIP | INTS3 and NABP interacting protein|SOSSC is a subunit of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding complexes involved in the maintenance of genome stability (Huang et al., 2009) [PubMed 19683501].[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2010] |
| IL17B | interleukin 17B|The protein encoded by this gene is a T cell-derived cytokine that shares sequence similarity with IL17. This cytokine was reported to stimulate the release of TNF alpha (TNF) and IL1 beta (IL1B) from a monocytic cell line. Immunohistochemical analysis of several nerve tissues indicated that this cytokine is primarily localized to neuronal cell bodies. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IL17C | interleukin 17C|The protein encoded by this gene is a T cell-derived cytokine that shares the sequence similarity with IL17. This cytokine was reported to stimulate the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta from a monocytic cell line. The expression of this cytokine was found to be restricted to activated T cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PSD4 | pleckstrin and Sec7 domain containing 4| |
| CHRDL1 | chordin-like 1|This gene encodes an antagonist of bone morphogenetic protein 4. The encoded protein may play a role in topographic retinotectal projection and in the regulation of retinal angiogenesis in response to hypoxia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| SLC25A42 | solute carrier family 25, member 42|This gene encodes a solute carrier family 25 protein. Solute carrier family 25 proteins are localized to mitochondria and play critical roles in the transport of molecules across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The encoded protein is a mitochondrial transporter for coenzyme A (CoA) and adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| CHRDL2 | chordin-like 2|This gene encodes a member of the chordin family of proteins. Chordin family members are secreted proteins that share a cysteine-rich pro-collagen repeat domain and associate with members of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily. In vitro assays demonstrate a direct interaction between the encoded protein and human activin A. This gene is expressed in many tissues including osteoblasts, where it is differentially expressed during differentiation. In addition, its expression is upregulated in human osteoarthritic joint cartilage, suggesting a role in adult cartilage regeneration. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| TUT1 | terminal uridylyl transferase 1, U6 snRNA-specific|This gene encodes a nucleotidyl transferase that functions as both a terminal uridylyltransferase and a nuclear poly(A) polymerase. The encoded enzyme specifically adds and removes nucleotides from the 3' end of small nuclear RNAs and select mRNAs and may function in controlling gene expression and cell proliferation.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| NREP | neuronal regeneration related protein| |
| WDR63 | WD repeat domain 63| |
| TMEM170B | transmembrane protein 170B| |
| IGSF3 | immunoglobulin superfamily, member 3| |
| WDR60 | WD repeat domain 60|This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD) and may facilitate the formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. The encoded protein contains four WD repeats and may play a role in the formation of cilia. Mutations in this gene have been associated with short-rib polydactyly and Jeune syndromes. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| GPR153 | G protein-coupled receptor 153| |
| TAF1B | TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, RNA polymerase I, B, 63kDa|Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase I requires the formation of a complex composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and three TBP-associated factors (TAFs) specific for RNA polymerase I. This complex, known as SL1, binds to the core promoter of ribosomal RNA genes to position the polymerase properly and acts as a channel for regulatory signals. This gene encodes one of the SL1-specific TAFs. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TAF1A | TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, RNA polymerase I, A, 48kDa|This gene encodes a subunit of the RNA polymerase I complex, Selectivity Factor I (SLI). The encoded protein is a TATA box-binding protein-associated factor that plays a role in the assembly of the RNA polymerase I preinitiation complex. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| F3 | coagulation factor III (thromboplastin, tissue factor)|This gene encodes coagulation factor III which is a cell surface glycoprotein. This factor enables cells to initiate the blood coagulation cascades, and it functions as the high-affinity receptor for the coagulation factor VII. The resulting complex provides a catalytic event that is responsible for initiation of the coagulation protease cascades by specific limited proteolysis. Unlike the other cofactors of these protease cascades, which circulate as nonfunctional precursors, this factor is a potent initiator that is fully functional when expressed on cell surfaces. There are 3 distinct domains of this factor: extracellular, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic. This protein is the only one in the coagulation pathway for which a congenital deficiency has not been described. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| F5 | coagulation factor V (proaccelerin, labile factor)|This gene encodes an essential cofactor of the blood coagulation cascade. This factor circulates in plasma, and is converted to the active form by the release of the activation peptide by thrombin during coagulation. This generates a heavy chain and a light chain which are held together by calcium ions. The activated protein is a cofactor that participates with activated coagulation factor X to activate prothrombin to thrombin. Defects in this gene result in either an autosomal recessive hemorrhagic diathesis or an autosomal dominant form of thrombophilia, which is known as activated protein C resistance. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| GPR155 | G protein-coupled receptor 155| |
| F7 | coagulation factor VII (serum prothrombin conversion accelerator)|This gene encodes coagulation factor VII which is a vitamin K-dependent factor essential for hemostasis. This factor circulates in the blood in a zymogen form, and is converted to an active form by either factor IXa, factor Xa, factor XIIa, or thrombin by minor proteolysis. Upon activation of the factor VII, a heavy chain containing a catalytic domain and a light chain containing 2 EGF-like domains are generated, and two chains are held together by a disulfide bond. In the presence of factor III and calcium ions, the activated factor then further activates the coagulation cascade by converting factor IX to factor IXa and/or factor X to factor Xa. Defects in this gene can cause coagulopathy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| F8 | coagulation factor VIII, procoagulant component|This gene encodes coagulation factor VIII, which participates in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation; factor VIII is a cofactor for factor IXa which, in the presence of Ca+2 and phospholipids, converts factor X to the activated form Xa. This gene produces two alternatively spliced transcripts. Transcript variant 1 encodes a large glycoprotein, isoform a, which circulates in plasma and associates with von Willebrand factor in a noncovalent complex. This protein undergoes multiple cleavage events. Transcript variant 2 encodes a putative small protein, isoform b, which consists primarily of the phospholipid binding domain of factor VIIIc. This binding domain is essential for coagulant activity. Defects in this gene results in hemophilia A, a common recessive X-linked coagulation disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| F9 | coagulation factor IX|This gene encodes vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor IX that circulates in the blood as an inactive zymogen. This factor is converted to an active form by factor XIa, which excises the activation peptide and thus generates a heavy chain and a light chain held together by one or more disulfide bonds. The role of this activated factor IX in the blood coagulation cascade is to activate factor X to its active form through interactions with Ca+2 ions, membrane phospholipids, and factor VIII. Alterations of this gene, including point mutations, insertions and deletions, cause factor IX deficiency, which is a recessive X-linked disorder, also called hemophilia B or Christmas disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SSBP4 | single stranded DNA binding protein 4| |
| GPR158 | G protein-coupled receptor 158| |
| GSTZ1 | glutathione S-transferase zeta 1|This gene is a member of the glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) super-family which encodes multifunctional enzymes important in the detoxification of electrophilic molecules, including carcinogens, mutagens, and several therapeutic drugs, by conjugation with glutathione. This enzyme also plays a significant role in the catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine. Thus defects in this enzyme may lead to severe metabolic disorders including alkaptonuria, phenylketonuria and tyrosinaemia. Several transcript variants of this gene encode multiple protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ASCL3 | achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 3|Basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, such as ASCL3, are essential for the determination of cell fate and the development and differentiation of numerous tissues (Jonsson et al., 2004 [PubMed 15475265]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ATP6V1E2 | ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 31kDa, V1 subunit E2| |
| KRTCAP2 | keratinocyte associated protein 2| |
| KRTCAP3 | keratinocyte associated protein 3| |
| HTR3D | 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 3D, ionotropic|The protein encoded this gene belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel receptor superfamily. This gene encodes subunit D of the type 3 receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a mitogen and a hormone. This hormone has been linked to neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety, depression, and migraine. Serotonin receptors causes fast and depolarizing responses in neurons following activation. The genes encoding subunits C, D and E of this type 3 receptor form a cluster on chromosome 3. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| HTR3B | 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 3B, ionotropic|The product of this gene belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel receptor superfamily. This gene encodes subunit B of the type 3 receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. This receptor causes fast, depolarizing responses in neurons after activation. It is not functional as a homomeric complex, but a pentaheteromeric complex with subunit A (HTR3A) displays the full functional features of this receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| HTR3C | 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 3C, ionotropic|The product of this gene belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel receptor superfamily. This gene encodes subunit C of the type 3 receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. This receptor causes fast, depolarizing responses in neurons after activation. Genes encoding subunits C, D and E form a cluster on chromosome 3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AOC1 | amine oxidase, copper containing 1|This gene encodes a metal-binding membrane glycoprotein that oxidatively deaminates putrescine, histamine, and related compounds. The encoded protein is inhibited by amiloride, a diuretic that acts by closing epithelial sodium ion channels. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| HTR3A | 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 3A, ionotropic|The product of this gene belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel receptor superfamily. This gene encodes subunit A of the type 3 receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. This receptor causes fast, depolarizing responses in neurons after activation. It appears that the heteromeric combination of A and B subunits is necessary to provide the full functional features of this receptor, since either subunit alone results in receptors with very low conductance and response amplitude. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM8B | transmembrane protein 8B| |
| ZBTB6 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 6| |
| CT45A3 | cancer/testis antigen family 45, member A3| |
| CFD | complement factor D (adipsin)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the trypsin family of peptidases. The encoded protein is a component of the alternative complement pathway best known for its role in humoral suppression of infectious agents. This protein is also a serine protease that is secreted by adipocytes into the bloodstream. Finally, the encoded protein has a high level of expression in fat, suggesting a role for adipose tissue in immune system biology. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FCAMR | Fc receptor, IgA, IgM, high affinity| |
| HS2ST1 | heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase 1|Heparan sulfate biosynthetic enzymes are key components in generating a myriad of distinct heparan sulfate fine structures that carry out multiple biologic activities. This gene encodes a member of the heparan sulfate biosynthetic enzyme family that transfers sulfate to the 2 position of the iduronic acid residue of heparan sulfate. The disruption of this gene resulted in no kidney formation in knockout embryonic mice, indicating that the absence of this enzyme may interfere with the signaling required for kidney formation. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different proteins have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| RBPMS | RNA binding protein with multiple splicing|This gene encodes a member of the RNA recognition motif family of RNA-binding proteins. The RNA recognition motif is between 80-100 amino acids in length and family members contain one to four copies of the motif. The RNA recognition motif consists of two short stretches of conserved sequence, as well as a few highly conserved hydrophobic residues. The encoded protein has a single, putative RNA recognition motif in its N-terminus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| EI24 | etoposide induced 2.4|This gene encodes a putative tumor suppressor and has higher expression in p53-expressing cells than in control cells and is an immediate-early induction target of p53-mediated apoptosis. The encoded protein may suppress cell growth by inducing apoptotic cell death through the caspase 9 and mitochondrial pathways. This gene is located on human chromosome 11q24, a region frequently altered in cancers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene have been defined on chromosomes 1, 3, 7, and 8. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| SGMS2 | sphingomyelin synthase 2|Sphingomyelin, a major component of cell and Golgi membranes, is made by the transfer of phosphocholine from phosphatidylcholine onto ceramide, with diacylglycerol as a side product. The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme that catalyzes this reaction primarily at the cell membrane. The synthesis is reversible, and this enzyme can catalyze the reaction in either direction. The encoded protein is required for cell growth. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. There is evidence for more variants, but the full-length nature of their transcripts has not been determined.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| SGMS1 | sphingomyelin synthase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is predicted to be a five-pass transmembrane protein. This gene may be predominately expressed in brain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MITF | microphthalmia-associated transcription factor|This gene encodes a transcription factor that contains both basic helix-loop-helix and leucine zipper structural features. It regulates the differentiation and development of melanocytes retinal pigment epithelium and is also responsible for pigment cell-specific transcription of the melanogenesis enzyme genes. Heterozygous mutations in the this gene cause auditory-pigmentary syndromes, such as Waardenburg syndrome type 2 and Tietz syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRC1 | protein regulator of cytokinesis 1|This gene encodes a protein that is involved in cytokinesis. The protein is present at high levels during the S and G2/M phases of mitosis but its levels drop dramatically when the cell exits mitosis and enters the G1 phase. It is located in the nucleus during interphase, becomes associated with mitotic spindles in a highly dynamic manner during mitosis, and localizes to the cell mid-body during cytokinesis. This protein has been shown to be a substrate of several cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). It is necessary for polarizing parallel microtubules and concentrating the factors responsible for contractile ring assembly. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| CDC20 | cell division cycle 20|CDC20 appears to act as a regulatory protein interacting with several other proteins at multiple points in the cell cycle. It is required for two microtubule-dependent processes, nuclear movement prior to anaphase and chromosome separation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPTOR | regulatory associated protein of MTOR, complex 1|This gene encodes a component of a signaling pathway that regulates cell growth in response to nutrient and insulin levels. The encoded protein forms a stoichiometric complex with the mTOR kinase, and also associates with eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein-1 and ribosomal protein S6 kinase. The protein positively regulates the downstream effector ribosomal protein S6 kinase, and negatively regulates the mTOR kinase. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| EPS15 | epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 15|This gene encodes a protein that is part of the EGFR pathway. The protein is present at clatherin-coated pits and is involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis of EGF. Notably, this gene is rearranged with the HRX/ALL/MLL gene in acute myelogeneous leukemias. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| QKI | QKI, KH domain containing, RNA binding|The protein encoded by this gene is an RNA-binding protein that regulates pre-mRNA splicing, export of mRNAs from the nucleus, protein translation, and mRNA stability. The encoded protein is involved in myelinization and oligodendrocyte differentiation and may play a role in schizophrenia. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| SETMAR | SET domain and mariner transposase fusion gene|This gene encodes a fusion protein that contains an N-terminal histone-lysine N-methyltransferase domain and a C-terminal mariner transposase domain. The encoded protein binds DNA and functions in DNA repair activities including non-homologous end joining and double strand break repair. The SET domain portion of this protein specifically methylates histone H3 lysines 4 and 36. This gene exists as a fusion gene only in anthropoid primates, other organisms lack mariner transposase domain. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| PPFIA2 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, f polypeptide (PTPRF), interacting protein (liprin), alpha 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the LAR protein-tyrosine phosphatase-interacting protein (liprin) family. Liprins interact with members of LAR family of transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatases, which are known to be important for axon guidance and mammary gland development. It has been proposed that liprins are multivalent proteins that form complex structures and act as scaffolds for the recruitment and anchoring of LAR family of tyrosine phosphatases. This protein has been shown to bind the calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (MAGUK family) protein (also known as CASK) and proposed to regulate higher-order brain functions in mammals. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| PPFIA3 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, f polypeptide (PTPRF), interacting protein (liprin), alpha 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the LAR protein-tyrosine phosphatase-interacting protein (liprin) family. Liprins interact with members of LAR family of transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatases, which are known to be important for axon guidance and mammary gland development. Liprin family protein has been shown to localize phosphatase LAR to cell focal adhesions and may be involved in the molecular organization of presynaptic active zones. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPHLN1 | periphilin 1|The protein encoded by this gene is one of the several proteins that become sequentially incorporated into the cornified cell envelope during the terminal differentiation of keratinocyte at the outer layers of epidermis. This protein interacts with periplakin, which is known as a precursor of the cornified cell envelope. The cellular localization pattern and insolubility of this protein suggest that it may play a role in epithelial differentiation and contribute to epidermal integrity and barrier formation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPFIA1 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, f polypeptide (PTPRF), interacting protein (liprin), alpha 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the LAR protein-tyrosine phosphatase-interacting protein (liprin) family. Liprins interact with members of LAR family of transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatases, which are known to be important for axon guidance and mammary gland development. This protein binds to the intracellular membrane-distal phosphatase domain of tyrosine phosphatase LAR, and appears to localize LAR to cell focal adhesions. This interaction may regulate the disassembly of focal adhesion and thus help orchestrate cell-matrix interactions. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RTDR1 | radial spoke head 14 homolog (Chlamydomonas)|This gene encodes a protein with no known function but with slight similarity to a yeast vacuolar protein. The gene is located in a region deleted in pediatric rhabdoid tumors of the brain, kidney and soft tissues, but mutations in this gene have not been associated with the disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TM4SF1 | transmembrane 4 L six family member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is a cell surface antigen and is highly expressed in different carcinomas. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAB21L2 | mab-21-like 2 (C. elegans)|This gene is similar to the C. elegans MAB-21 cell fate-determining gene, a downstream target of transforming growth factor-beta signaling. It is thought that this gene may be involved in neural development. The protein encoded by this gene is primarily nuclear, although some cytoplasmic localization has been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LMCD1 | LIM and cysteine-rich domains 1|This gene encodes a member of the LIM-domain family of zinc finger proteins. The encoded protein contains an N-terminal cysteine-rich domain and two C-terminal LIM domains. The presence of LIM domains suggests involvement in protein-protein interactions. The protein may act as a co-regulator of transcription along with other transcription factors. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| PRMT2 | protein arginine methyltransferase 2| |
| AOC3 | amine oxidase, copper containing 3|This gene encodes a member of the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase family. Copper amine oxidases catalyze the oxidative conversion of amines to aldehydes in the presence of copper and quinone cofactor. The encoded protein is localized to the cell surface, has adhesive properties as well as monoamine oxidase activity, and may be involved in leukocyte trafficking. Alterations in levels of the encoded protein may be associated with many diseases, including diabetes mellitus. A pseudogene of this gene has been described and is located approximately 9-kb downstream on the same chromosome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2013] |
| TOX4 | TOX high mobility group box family member 4| |
| ZNF649 | zinc finger protein 649| |
| DYNLRB2 | dynein, light chain, roadblock-type 2| |
| RYBP | RING1 and YY1 binding protein| |
| HSD17B2 | hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 2| |
| ZNF645 | zinc finger protein 645|This gene encodes a member of the zinc finger domain-containing protein family. This family member contains both a RING-type and a C2H2-type of zinc finger domain, and it may function as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Protein localization suggests a role in human sperm production and quality control. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| HSD17B4 | hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a bifunctional enzyme that is involved in the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway for fatty acids. It also acts as a catalyst for the formation of 3-ketoacyl-CoA intermediates from both straight-chain and 2-methyl-branched-chain fatty acids. Defects in this gene that affect the peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation activity are a cause of D-bifunctional protein deficiency (DBPD). An apparent pseudogene of this gene is present on chromosome 8. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| CREB5 | cAMP responsive element binding protein 5|The product of this gene belongs to the CRE (cAMP response element)-binding protein family. Members of this family contain zinc-finger and bZIP DNA-binding domains. The encoded protein specifically binds to CRE as a homodimer or a heterodimer with c-Jun or CRE-BP1, and functions as a CRE-dependent trans-activator. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HSD17B6 | hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 6|The protein encoded by this gene has both oxidoreductase and epimerase activities and is involved in androgen catabolism. The oxidoreductase activity can convert 3 alpha-adiol to dihydrotestosterone, while the epimerase activity can convert androsterone to epi-androsterone. Both reactions use NAD+ as the preferred cofactor. This gene is a member of the retinol dehydrogenase family. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| HSD17B7 | hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 7|HSD17B7 encodes an enzyme that functions both as a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.62) in the biosynthesis of sex steroids and as a 3-ketosteroid reductase (EC 1.1.1.270) in the biosynthesis of cholesterol (Marijanovic et al., 2003 [PubMed 12829805]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2010] |
| ALDH3B2 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B2|This gene encodes a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase family, a group of isozymes that may play a major role in the detoxification of aldehydes generated by alcohol metabolism and lipid peroxidation. The gene of this particular family member is over 10 kb in length. The expression of these transcripts is restricted to the salivary gland among the human tissues examined. Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ALDH3B1 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B1|This gene encodes a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase protein family. Aldehyde dehydrogenases are a family of isozymes that may play a major role in the detoxification of aldehydes generated by alcohol metabolism and lipid peroxidation. The encoded protein is able to oxidize long-chain fatty aldehydes in vitro, and may play a role in protection from oxidative stress. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| PRMT1 | protein arginine methyltransferase 1|This gene encodes a member of the protein arginine N-methyltransferase (PRMT) family. Post-translational modification of target proteins by PRMTs plays an important regulatory role in many biological processes, whereby PRMTs methylate arginine residues by transferring methyl groups from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to terminal guanidino nitrogen atoms. The encoded protein is a type I PRMT and is responsible for the majority of cellular arginine methylation activity. Increased expression of this gene may play a role in many types of cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 5. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| CYR61 | cysteine-rich, angiogenic inducer, 61|The secreted protein encoded by this gene is growth factor-inducible and promotes the adhesion of endothelial cells. The encoded protein interacts with several integrins and with heparan sulfate proteoglycan. This protein also plays a role in cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix formation. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| NUP155 | nucleoporin 155kDa|Nucleoporins are proteins that play an important role in the assembly and functioning of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) which regulates the movement of macromolecules across the nuclear envelope (NE). The protein encoded by this gene plays a role in the fusion of NE vesicles and formation of the double membrane NE. The protein may also be involved in cardiac physiology and may be associated with the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. A pseudogene associated with this gene is located on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| RTN4 | reticulon 4|This gene belongs to the family of reticulon encoding genes. Reticulons are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, and are involved in neuroendocrine secretion or in membrane trafficking in neuroendocrine cells. The product of this gene is a potent neurite outgrowth inhibitor which may also help block the regeneration of the central nervous system in higher vertebrates. Alternatively spliced transcript variants derived both from differential splicing and differential promoter usage and encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MIS18BP1 | MIS18 binding protein 1| |
| FBP2 | fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 2|This gene encodes a gluconeogenesis regulatory enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KPNB1 | karyopherin (importin) beta 1|Nucleocytoplasmic transport, a signal- and energy-dependent process, takes place through nuclear pore complexes embedded in the nuclear envelope. The import of proteins containing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) requires the NLS import receptor, a heterodimer of importin alpha and beta subunits also known as karyopherins. Importin alpha binds the NLS-containing cargo in the cytoplasm and importin beta docks the complex at the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear pore complex. In the presence of nucleoside triphosphates and the small GTP binding protein Ran, the complex moves into the nuclear pore complex and the importin subunits dissociate. Importin alpha enters the nucleoplasm with its passenger protein and importin beta remains at the pore. Interactions between importin beta and the FG repeats of nucleoporins are essential in translocation through the pore complex. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the importin beta family. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013] |
| HGS | hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate|The protein encoded by this gene regulates endosomal sorting and plays a critical role in the recycling and degradation of membrane receptors. The encoded protein sorts monoubiquitinated membrane proteins into the multivesicular body, targeting these proteins for lysosome-dependent degradation. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| RTN2 | reticulon 2|This gene belongs to the family of reticulon encoding genes. Reticulons are necessary for proper generation of tubular endoplasmic reticulum and likely play a role in intracellular vesicular transport. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. Mutations at this locus have been associated with autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia-12. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| PRMT7 | protein arginine methyltransferase 7|Arginine methylation is an apparently irreversible protein modification catalyzed by arginine methyltransferases, such as PMT7, using S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) as the methyl donor. Arginine methylation is implicated in signal transduction, RNA transport, and RNA splicing (Miranda et al., 2004 [PubMed 15044439]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ABR | active BCR-related|This gene encodes a protein that is similar to the protein encoded by the breakpoint cluster region gene located on chromosome 22. The protein encoded by this gene contains a GTPase-activating protein domain, a domain found in members of the Rho family of GTP-binding proteins. Functional studies in mice determined that this protein plays a role in vestibular morphogenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been reported for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| IGHD | immunoglobulin heavy constant delta| |
| TRIM22 | tripartite motif containing 22|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This protein localizes to the cytoplasm and its expression is induced by interferon. The protein down-regulates transcription from the HIV-1 LTR promoter region, suggesting that function of this protein may be to mediate interferon's antiviral effects. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| ACTR6 | ARP6 actin-related protein 6 homolog (yeast)| |
| HGF | hepatocyte growth factor (hepapoietin A; scatter factor)|Hepatocyte growth factor regulates cell growth, cell motility, and morphogenesis by activating a tyrosine kinase signaling cascade after binding to the proto-oncogenic c-Met receptor. Hepatocyte growth factor is secreted by mesenchymal cells and acts as a multi-functional cytokine on cells of mainly epithelial origin. Its ability to stimulate mitogenesis, cell motility, and matrix invasion gives it a central role in angiogenesis, tumorogenesis, and tissue regeneration. It is secreted as a single inactive polypeptide and is cleaved by serine proteases into a 69-kDa alpha-chain and 34-kDa beta-chain. A disulfide bond between the alpha and beta chains produces the active, heterodimeric molecule. The protein belongs to the plasminogen subfamily of S1 peptidases but has no detectable protease activity. Alternative splicing of this gene produces multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HGD | homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase|This gene encodes the enzyme homogentisate 1,2 dioxygenase. This enzyme is involved in the catabolism of the amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine. Mutations in this gene are the cause of the autosomal recessive metabolism disorder alkaptonuria.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| SLC25A4 | solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; adenine nucleotide translocator), member 4|This gene is a member of the mitochondrial carrier subfamily of solute carrier protein genes. The product of this gene functions as a gated pore that translocates ADP from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix and ATP from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytoplasm. The protein forms a homodimer embedded in the inner mitochondria membrane. Mutations in this gene have been shown to result in autosomal dominant progressive external opthalmoplegia and familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| IGHM | immunoglobulin heavy constant mu|Immunoglobulins (Ig) are the antigen recognition molecules of B cells. An Ig molecule is made up of 2 identical heavy chains and 2 identical light chains (see MIM 147200) joined by disulfide bonds so that each heavy chain is linked to a light chain and the 2 heavy chains are linked together. Each Ig heavy chain has an N-terminal variable (V) region containing the antigen-binding site and a C-terminal constant (C) region, encoded by an individual C region gene, that determines the isotype of the antibody and provides effector or signaling functions. The heavy chain V region is encoded by 1 each of 3 types of genes: V genes (see MIM 147070), joining (J) genes (see MIM 147010), and diversity (D) genes (see MIM 146910). The C region genes are clustered downstream of the V region genes within the heavy chain locus on chromosome 14. The IGHM gene encodes the C region of the mu heavy chain, which defines the IgM isotype. Naive B cells express the transmembrane forms of IgM and IgD (see IGHD; MIM 1471770) on their surface. During an antibody response, activated B cells can switch to the expression of individual downstream heavy chain C region genes by a process of somatic recombination known as isotype switching. In addition, secreted Ig forms that act as antibodies can be produced by alternative RNA processing of the heavy chain C region sequences. Although the membrane forms of all Ig isotypes are monomeric, secreted IgM forms pentamers, and occasionally hexamers, in plasma (summary by Janeway et al., 2005).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2010] |
| BACE1 | beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1|Cerebral deposition of amyloid beta peptide is an early and critical feature of Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid beta peptide is generated by proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by two proteases, one of which is the protein encoded by this gene. The encoded protein, a member of the peptidase A1 protein family, is a type I integral membrane glycoprotein and aspartic protease that is found mainly in the Golgi. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| BACE2 | beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 2|This gene encodes an integral membrane glycoprotein that functions as an aspartic protease. The encoded protein cleaves amyloid precursor protein into amyloid beta peptide, which is a critical step in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. The protein precursor is further processed into an active mature peptide. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| PARD3 | par-3 family cell polarity regulator|This gene encodes a member of the PARD protein family. PARD family members interact with other PARD family members and other proteins; they affect asymmetrical cell division and direct polarized cell growth. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| ATP4A | ATPase, H+/K+ exchanging, alpha polypeptide|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a family of P-type cation-transporting ATPases. The gastric H+, K+-ATPase is a heterodimer consisting of a high molecular weight catalytic alpha subunit and a smaller but heavily glycosylated beta subunit. This enzyme is a proton pump that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of H(+) and K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. It is also responsible for gastric acid secretion. This gene encodes a catalytic alpha subunit of the gastric H+, K+-ATPase. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATP4B | ATPase, H+/K+ exchanging, beta polypeptide|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a family of P-type cation-transporting ATPases. The gastric H+, K+-ATPase is a heterodimer consisting of a high molecular weight catalytic alpha subunit and a smaller but heavily glycosylated beta subunit. This enzyme is a proton pump that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of H(+) and K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. It is also responsible for gastric acid secretion. This gene encodes the beta subunit of the gastric H+, K+-ATPase. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C7orf60 | chromosome 7 open reading frame 60| |
| IER5 | immediate early response 5|This gene encodes a protein that is similar to other immediate early response proteins. In the mouse, a similar gene may play an important role in mediating the cellular response to mitogenic signals. Studies in rats found the expression of a similar gene to be increased after waking and sleep deprivation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLU7 | SLU7 splicing factor homolog (S. cerevisiae)|Pre-mRNA splicing occurs in two sequential transesterification steps. The protein encoded by this gene is a splicing factor that has been found to be essential during the second catalytic step in the pre-mRNA splicing process. It associates with the spliceosome and contains a zinc knuckle motif that is found in other splicing factors and is involved in protein-nucleic acid and protein-protein interactions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IER2 | immediate early response 2| |
| IER3 | immediate early response 3|This gene functions in the protection of cells from Fas- or tumor necrosis factor type alpha-induced apoptosis. Partially degraded and unspliced transcripts are found after virus infection in vitro, but these transcripts are not found in vivo and do not generate a valid protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CILP | cartilage intermediate layer protein, nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase|Major alterations in the composition of the cartilage extracellular matrix occur in joint disease, such as osteoarthrosis. This gene encodes the cartilage intermediate layer protein (CILP), which increases in early osteoarthrosis cartilage. The encoded protein was thought to encode a protein precursor for two different proteins; an N-terminal CILP and a C-terminal homolog of NTPPHase, however, later studies identified no nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase (NPP) activity. The full-length and the N-terminal domain of this protein was shown to function as an IGF-1 antagonist. An allelic variant of this gene has been associated with lumbar disc disease. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| ZNF468 | zinc finger protein 468| |
| FLRT2 | fibronectin leucine rich transmembrane protein 2|This gene encodes a member of the fibronectin leucine rich transmembrane protein (FLRT) family. FLRT family members may function in cell adhesion and/or receptor signalling. Their protein structures resemble small leucine-rich proteoglycans found in the extracellular matrix. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF462 | zinc finger protein 462| |
| ZNF391 | zinc finger protein 391| |
| CYB561D2 | cytochrome b561 family, member D2| |
| ZNF461 | zinc finger protein 461| |
| ZNF394 | zinc finger protein 394| |
| PSKH2 | protein serine kinase H2| |
| PSKH1 | protein serine kinase H1| |
| ZNF397 | zinc finger protein 397|This gene encodes a protein with a N-terminal SCAN domain, and the longer isoform contains nine C2H2-type zinc finger repeats in the C-terminal domain. The protein localizes to centromeres during interphase and early prophase, and different isoforms can repress or activate transcription in transfection studies. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Additional variants have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| IL1RL1 | interleukin 1 receptor-like 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 receptor family. Studies of the similar gene in mouse suggested that this receptor can be induced by proinflammatory stimuli, and may be involved in the function of helper T cells. This gene, interleukin 1 receptor, type I (IL1R1), interleukin 1 receptor, type II (IL1R2) and interleukin 1 receptor-like 2 (IL1RL2) form a cytokine receptor gene cluster in a region mapped to chromosome 2q12. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IL1RL2 | interleukin 1 receptor-like 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 receptor family. An experiment with transient gene expression demonstrated that this receptor was incapable of binding to interleukin 1 alpha and interleukin 1 beta with high affinity. This gene and four other interleukin 1 receptor family genes, including interleukin 1 receptor, type I (IL1R1), interleukin 1 receptor, type II (IL1R2), interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1), and interleukin 18 receptor 1 (IL18R1), form a cytokine receptor gene cluster in a region mapped to chromosome 2q12. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HUWE1 | HECT, UBA and WWE domain containing 1, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This gene encodes a protein containing a C-terminal HECT (E6AP type E3 ubiquitin protein ligase) domain that functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. The encoded protein is required for the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl1 (myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (BCL2-related)). This protein also ubiquitinates the p53 tumor suppressor, core histones, and DNA polymerase beta. Mutations in this gene are associated with Turner type X-linked syndromic mental retardation. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| PKP4 | plakophilin 4|Armadillo-like proteins are characterized by a series of armadillo repeats, first defined in the Drosophila 'armadillo' gene product, that are typically 42 to 45 amino acids in length. These proteins can be divided into subfamilies based on their number of repeats, their overall sequence similarity, and the dispersion of the repeats throughout their sequences. Members of the p120(ctn)/plakophilin subfamily of Armadillo-like proteins, including CTNND1, CTNND2, PKP1, PKP2, PKP4, and ARVCF. PKP4 may be a component of desmosomal plaque and other adhesion plaques and is thought to be involved in regulating junctional plaque organization and cadherin function. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| PKP3 | plakophilin 3|This gene encodes a member of the arm-repeat (armadillo) and plakophilin gene families. Plakophilin proteins contain numerous armadillo repeats, localize to cell desmosomes and nuclei, and participate in linking cadherins to intermediate filaments in the cytoskeleton. This protein may act in cellular desmosome-dependent adhesion and signaling pathways. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| PKP2 | plakophilin 2|This gene encodes a member of the arm-repeat (armadillo) and plakophilin gene families. Plakophilin proteins contain numerous armadillo repeats, localize to cell desmosomes and nuclei, and participate in linking cadherins to intermediate filaments in the cytoskeleton. This gene product may regulate the signaling activity of beta-catenin. Two alternately spliced transcripts encoding two protein isoforms have been identified. A processed pseudogene with high similarity to this locus has been mapped to chromosome 12p13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PKP1 | plakophilin 1|This gene encodes a member of the arm-repeat (armadillo) and plakophilin gene families. Plakophilin proteins contain numerous armadillo repeats, localize to cell desmosomes and nuclei, and participate in linking cadherins to intermediate filaments in the cytoskeleton. This protein may be involved in molecular recruitment and stabilization during desmosome formation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the ectodermal dysplasia/skin fragility syndrome. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| SDE2 | SDE2 telomere maintenance homolog (S. pombe)| |
| NUDT22 | nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 22| |
| NUDT21 | nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 21|The protein encoded by this gene is one subunit of a cleavage factor required for 3' RNA cleavage and polyadenylation processing. The interaction of the protein with the RNA is one of the earliest steps in the assembly of the 3' end processing complex and facilitates the recruitment of other processing factors. This gene encodes the 25kD subunit of the protein complex, which is composed of four polypeptides. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ROS1 | ROS proto-oncogene 1 , receptor tyrosine kinase|This proto-oncogene, highly-expressed in a variety of tumor cell lines, belongs to the sevenless subfamily of tyrosine kinase insulin receptor genes. The protein encoded by this gene is a type I integral membrane protein with tyrosine kinase activity. The protein may function as a growth or differentiation factor receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PEBP1 | phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1| |
| PEBP4 | phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4|The phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-binding proteins, including PEBP4, are an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins with pivotal biologic functions, such as lipid binding and inhibition of serine proteases (Wang et al., 2004 [PubMed 15302887]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2008] |
| POPDC2 | popeye domain containing 2|This gene encodes a member of the POP family of proteins which contain three putative transmembrane domains. This membrane associated protein is predominantly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle, and may have an important function in these tissues. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPOCK1 | sparc/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domains proteoglycan (testican) 1|This gene encodes the protein core of a seminal plasma proteoglycan containing chondroitin- and heparan-sulfate chains. The protein's function is unknown, although similarity to thyropin-type cysteine protease-inhibitors suggests its function may be related to protease inhibition. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM173A | family with sequence similarity 173, member A| |
| ZNF705G | zinc finger protein 705G| |
| SPIN4 | spindlin family, member 4| |
| SPIN1 | spindlin 1| |
| METTL7A | methyltransferase like 7A| |
| METTL7B | methyltransferase like 7B| |
| IFT52 | intraflagellar transport 52| |
| TEP1 | telomerase-associated protein 1|This gene product is a component of the ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for telomerase activity which catalyzes the addition of new telomeres on the chromosome ends. The telomerase-associated proteins are conserved from ciliates to humans. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IFT57 | intraflagellar transport 57| |
| CANX | calnexin|This gene encodes a member of the calnexin family of molecular chaperones. The encoded protein is a calcium-binding, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein that interacts transiently with newly synthesized N-linked glycoproteins, facilitating protein folding and assembly. It may also play a central role in the quality control of protein folding by retaining incorrectly folded protein subunits within the ER for degradation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CEP192 | centrosomal protein 192kDa| |
| LPP | LIM domain containing preferred translocation partner in lipoma|This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of LIM domain proteins that are characterized by an N-terminal proline-rich region and three C-terminal LIM domains. The encoded protein localizes to the cell periphery in focal adhesions and may be involved in cell-cell adhesion and cell motility. This protein also shuttles through the nucleus and may function as a transcriptional co-activator. This gene is located at the junction of certain disease-related chromosomal translocations, which result in the expression of chimeric proteins that may promote tumor growth. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| LPO | lactoperoxidase|This gene encodes an oxidoreductase secreted from salivary, mammary, and other mucosal glands that functions as a natural antibacterial agent. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| UTP14A | UTP14, U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein, homolog A (yeast)|This gene encodes a member of the uridine triphosphate 14 family. As an essential component of a large ribonucleoprotein complex bound to the U3 small nucleolar RNA, the encoded protein is involved in ribosome biogenesis and 18S rRNA synthesis. An autosomal retrotransposed copy of this X-linked gene exists on chromosome 13. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| TNFRSF21 | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 21|This gene encodes a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. The encoded protein activates nuclear factor kappa-B and mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (also called c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1), and induces cell apoptosis. Through its death domain, the encoded receptor interacts with tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated death domain (TRADD) protein, which is known to mediate signal transduction of tumor necrosis factor receptors. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this gene plays a role in T-helper cell activation, and may be involved in inflammation and immune regulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| UTP14C | UTP14, U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein, homolog C (yeast)| |
| EIF4A1 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A1| |
| TNFRSF25 | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 25|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor is expressed preferentially in the tissues enriched in lymphocytes, and it may play a role in regulating lymphocyte homeostasis. This receptor has been shown to stimulate NF-kappa B activity and regulate cell apoptosis. The signal transduction of this receptor is mediated by various death domain containing adaptor proteins. Knockout studies in mice suggested the role of this gene in the removal of self-reactive T cells in the thymus. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported, most of which are potentially secreted molecules. The alternative splicing of this gene in B and T cells encounters a programmed change upon T-cell activation, which predominantly produces full-length, membrane bound isoforms, and is thought to be involved in controlling lymphocyte proliferation induced by T-cell activation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TEX264 | testis expressed 264| |
| PROSER1 | proline and serine rich 1|This gene encodes a conserved protein containing proline and serine rich regions. These regions may be important in protein-protein interactions. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| PROSER2 | proline and serine rich 2| |
| HTATIP2 | HIV-1 Tat interactive protein 2, 30kDa| |
| LPA | lipoprotein, Lp(a)|The protein encoded by this gene is a serine proteinase that inhibits the activity of tissue-type plasminogen activator I. The encoded protein constitutes a substantial portion of lipoprotein(a) and is proteolytically cleaved, resulting in fragments that attach to atherosclerotic lesions and promote thrombogenesis. Elevated plasma levels of this protein are linked to atherosclerosis. Depending on the individual, the encoded protein contains 2-43 copies of kringle-type domains. The allele represented here contains 15 copies of the kringle-type repeats and corresponds to that found in the reference genome sequence. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| SAMD9L | sterile alpha motif domain containing 9-like| |
| SLX4IP | SLX4 interacting protein| |
| C1QC | complement component 1, q subcomponent, C chain|This gene encodes a major constituent of the human complement subcomponent C1q. C1q associates with C1r and C1s in order to yield the first component of the serum complement system. A deficiency in C1q has been associated with lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis. C1q is composed of 18 polypeptide chains: six A-chains, six B-chains, and six C-chains. Each chain contains a collagen-like region located near the N-terminus, and a C-terminal globular region. The A-, B-, and C-chains are arranged in the order A-C-B on chromosome 1. This gene encodes the C-chain polypeptide of human complement subcomponent C1q. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C1QB | complement component 1, q subcomponent, B chain|This gene encodes a major constituent of the human complement subcomponent C1q. C1q associates with C1r and C1s in order to yield the first component of the serum complement system. Deficiency of C1q has been associated with lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis. C1q is composed of 18 polypeptide chains: six A-chains, six B-chains, and six C-chains. Each chain contains a collagen-like region located near the N terminus and a C-terminal globular region. The A-, B-, and C-chains are arranged in the order A-C-B on chromosome 1. This gene encodes the B-chain polypeptide of human complement subcomponent C1q [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C1QA | complement component 1, q subcomponent, A chain|This gene encodes a major constituent of the human complement subcomponent C1q. C1q associates with C1r and C1s in order to yield the first component of the serum complement system. Deficiency of C1q has been associated with lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis. C1q is composed of 18 polypeptide chains: six A-chains, six B-chains, and six C-chains. Each chain contains a collagen-like region located near the N terminus and a C-terminal globular region. The A-, B-, and C-chains are arranged in the order A-C-B on chromosome 1. This gene encodes the A-chain polypeptide of human complement subcomponent C1q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| APOL2 | apolipoprotein L, 2|This gene is a member of the apolipoprotein L gene family. The encoded protein is found in the cytoplasm, where it may affect the movement of lipids or allow the binding of lipids to organelles. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAMLD1 | mastermind-like domain containing 1|This gene encodes a mastermind-like domain containing protein. This protein may function as a transcriptional co-activator. Mutations in this gene are the cause of X-linked hypospadias type 2. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| PKHD1 | polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 (autosomal recessive)|The protein encoded by this gene is predicted to have a single transmembrane (TM)-spanning domain and multiple copies of an immunoglobulin-like plexin-transcription-factor domain. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Other alternatively spliced transcripts have been described, but the full length sequences have not been determined. Several of these transcripts are predicted to encode truncated products which lack the TM and may be secreted. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, also known as polycystic kidney and hepatic disease-1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CNOT4 | CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the CCR4-NOT complex, a global transcriptional regulator. The encoded protein interacts with CNOT1 and has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| ELMO1 | engulfment and cell motility 1|This gene encodes a member of the engulfment and cell motility protein family. These proteins interact with dedicator of cytokinesis proteins to promote phagocytosis and cell migration. Increased expression of this gene and dedicator of cytokinesis 1 may promote glioma cell invasion, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with diabetic nephropathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| DDAH2 | dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2|This gene encodes a dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. The encoded enzyme functions in nitric oxide generation by regulating the cellular concentrations of methylarginines, which in turn inhibit nitric oxide synthase activity. The protein may be localized to the mitochondria. Alternative splicing resulting in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| ELMO3 | engulfment and cell motility 3|The protein encoded by this gene is similar to a C. elegans protein that functions in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and in cell migration. Other members of this small family of engulfment and cell motility (ELMO) proteins have been shown to interact with the dedicator of cyto-kinesis 1 protein to promote phagocytosis and effect cell shape changes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HUS1B | HUS1 checkpoint homolog b (S. pombe)|The protein encoded by this gene is most closely related to HUS1, a component of a cell cycle checkpoint protein complex involved in cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage. This protein can interact with the check point protein RAD1 but not with RAD9. Overexpression of this protein has been shown to induce cell death, which suggests a related but distinct role of this protein, as compared to the HUS1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIF5C | kinesin family member 5C| |
| MBLAC2 | metallo-beta-lactamase domain containing 2| |
| VSIG8 | V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 8| |
| CRELD2 | cysteine-rich with EGF-like domains 2| |
| VSIG4 | V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 4|This gene encodes a v-set and immunoglobulin-domain containing protein that is structurally related to the B7 family of immune regulatory proteins. The encoded protein may be a negative regulator of T-cell responses. This protein is also a receptor for the complement component 3 fragments C3b and iC3b. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| CRELD1 | cysteine-rich with EGF-like domains 1|This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of epidermal growth factor-related proteins. The encoded protein is characterized by a cysteine-rich with epidermal growth factor-like domain. This protein may function as a cell adhesion molecule. Mutations in this gene are the cause of atrioventricular septal defect. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| NOS2 | nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible|Nitric oxide is a reactive free radical which acts as a biologic mediator in several processes, including neurotransmission and antimicrobial and antitumoral activities. This gene encodes a nitric oxide synthase which is expressed in liver and is inducible by a combination of lipopolysaccharide and certain cytokines. Three related pseudogenes are located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KAT5 | K(lysine) acetyltransferase 5|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the MYST family of histone acetyl transferases (HATs) and was originally isolated as an HIV-1 TAT-interactive protein. HATs play important roles in regulating chromatin remodeling, transcription and other nuclear processes by acetylating histone and nonhistone proteins. This protein is a histone acetylase that has a role in DNA repair and apoptosis and is thought to play an important role in signal transduction. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EIF4A3 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A3|This gene encodes a member of the DEAD box protein family. DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure, such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear matrix protein. Its amino acid sequence is highly similar to the amino acid sequences of the translation initiation factors eIF4AI and eIF4AII, two other members of the DEAD box protein family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ITGB2 | integrin, beta 2 (complement component 3 receptor 3 and 4 subunit)|This gene encodes an integrin beta chain, which combines with multiple different alpha chains to form different integrin heterodimers. Integrins are integral cell-surface proteins that participate in cell adhesion as well as cell-surface mediated signalling. The encoded protein plays an important role in immune response and defects in this gene cause leukocyte adhesion deficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| SLC29A2 | solute carrier family 29 (equilibrative nucleoside transporter), member 2|The uptake of nucleosides by transporters, such as SLC29A2, is essential for nucleotide synthesis by salvage pathways in cells that lack de novo biosynthetic pathways. Nucleoside transport also plays a key role in the regulation of many physiologic processes through its effect on adenosine concentration at the cell surface (Griffiths et al., 1997 [PubMed 9396714]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2008] |
| SLC29A1 | solute carrier family 29 (equilibrative nucleoside transporter), member 1|This gene is a member of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter family. The gene encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein that localizes to the plasma and mitochondrial membranes and mediates the cellular uptake of nucleosides from the surrounding medium. The protein is categorized as an equilibrative (as opposed to concentrative) transporter that is sensitive to inhibition by nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR). Nucleoside transporters are required for nucleotide synthesis in cells that lack de novo nucleoside synthesis pathways, and are also necessary for the uptake of cytotoxic nucleosides used for cancer and viral chemotherapies. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARL4D | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4D|ADP-ribosylation factor 4D is a member of the ADP-ribosylation factor family of GTP-binding proteins. ARL4D is closely similar to ARL4A and ARL4C and each has a nuclear localization signal and an unusually high guanine nucleotide exchange rate. This protein may play a role in membrane-associated intracellular trafficking. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SHPRH | SNF2 histone linker PHD RING helicase, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|SHPRH is a ubiquitously expressed protein that contains motifs characteristics of several DNA repair proteins, transcription factors, and helicases. SHPRH is a functional homolog of S. cerevisiae RAD5 (Unk et al., 2006 [PubMed 17108083]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ARL4C | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4C|ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4C is a member of the ADP-ribosylation factor family of GTP-binding proteins. ARL4C is closely similar to ARL4A and ARL4D and each has a nuclear localization signal and an unusually high guanine nucleotide exchange rate. This protein may play a role in cholesterol transport. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARL4A | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4A|ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4A is a member of the ADP-ribosylation factor family of GTP-binding proteins. ARL4A is similar to ARL4C and ARL4D and each has a nuclear localization signal and an unusually high guaninine nucleotide exchange rate. ARL4A is located in both the nuclear and extranuclear cell compartments. Multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADORA2A | adenosine A2a receptor|This gene encodes a member of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, which is subdivided into classes and subtypes. The receptors are seven-pass transmembrane proteins that respond to extracellular cues and activate intracellular signal transduction pathways. This protein, an adenosine receptor of A2A subtype, uses adenosine as the preferred endogenous agonist and preferentially interacts with the G(s) and G(olf) family of G proteins to increase intracellular cAMP levels. It plays an important role in many biological functions, such as cardiac rhythm and circulation, cerebral and renal blood flow, immune function, pain regulation, and sleep. It has been implicated in pathophysiological conditions such as inflammatory diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A read-through transcript composed of the upstream SPECC1L (sperm antigen with calponin homology and coiled-coil domains 1-like) and ADORA2A (adenosine A2a receptor) gene sequence has been identified, but it is thought to be non-coding. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| ADORA2B | adenosine A2b receptor|This gene encodes an adenosine receptor that is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. This integral membrane protein stimulates adenylate cyclase activity in the presence of adenosine. This protein also interacts with netrin-1, which is involved in axon elongation. The gene is located near the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TIRAP | toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain containing adaptor protein|The innate immune system recognizes microbial pathogens through Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Different TLRs recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns and all TLRs have a Toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain, which is responsible for signal transduction. The protein encoded by this gene is a TIR adaptor protein involved in the TLR4 signaling pathway of the immune system. It activates NF-kappa-B, MAPK1, MAPK3 and JNK, which then results in cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants; however, not all variants have been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPATA5L1 | spermatogenesis associated 5-like 1| |
| RSC1A1 | regulatory solute carrier protein, family 1, member 1| |
| EIF4A2 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A2| |
| CDK14 | cyclin-dependent kinase 14|PFTK1 is a member of the CDC2 (MIM 116940)-related protein kinase family (Yang and Chen, 2001 [PubMed 11313143]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| EDA | ectodysplasin A|The protein encoded by this gene is a type II membrane protein that can be cleaved by furin to produce a secreted form. The encoded protein, which belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family, acts as a homotrimer and may be involved in cell-cell signaling during the development of ectodermal organs. Defects in this gene are a cause of ectodermal dysplasia, anhidrotic, which is also known as X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Several transcript variants encoding many different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLXDC2 | plexin domain containing 2| |
| PLXDC1 | plexin domain containing 1| |
| FKTN | fukutin|The protein encoded by this gene is a putative transmembrane protein that is localized to the cis-Golgi compartment, where it may be involved in the glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan in skeletal muscle. The encoded protein is thought to be a glycosyltransferase and could play a role in brain development. Defects in this gene are a cause of Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD), Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS), limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2M (LGMD2M), and dilated cardiomyopathy type 1X (CMD1X). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| C6orf201 | chromosome 6 open reading frame 201| |
| CSK | c-src tyrosine kinase| |
| JAM3 | junctional adhesion molecule 3|Tight junctions represent one mode of cell-to-cell adhesion in epithelial or endothelial cell sheets, forming continuous seals around cells and serving as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space. The protein encoded by this immunoglobulin superfamily gene member is localized in the tight junctions between high endothelial cells. Unlike other proteins in this family, the this protein is unable to adhere to leukocyte cell lines and only forms weak homotypic interactions. The encoded protein is a member of the junctional adhesion molecule protein family and acts as a receptor for another member of this family. A mutation in an intron of this gene is associated with hemorrhagic destruction of the brain, subependymal calcification, and congenital cataracts. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011] |
| SCN8A | sodium channel, voltage gated, type VIII alpha subunit|This gene encodes a member of the sodium channel alpha subunit gene family. The encoded protein forms the ion pore region of the voltage-gated sodium channel. This protein is essential for the rapid membrane depolarization that occurs during the formation of the action potential in excitable neurons. Mutations in this gene are associated with mental retardation, pancerebellar atrophy and ataxia. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| CNOT11 | CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 11| |
| CNOT10 | CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 10| |
| MRAS | muscle RAS oncogene homolog|This gene encodes a member of the Ras family of small GTPases. These membrane-associated proteins function as signal transducers in multiple processes including cell growth and differentiation, and dysregulation of Ras signaling has been associated with many types of cancer. The encoded protein may play a role in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha and MAP kinase signaling pathways. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| MRAP | melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein|This gene encodes a melanocortin receptor-interacting protein. The encoded protein regulates trafficking and function of the melanocortin 2 receptor in the adrenal gland. The encoded protein can also modulate signaling of other melanocortin receptors. Mutations in this gene have been associated with familial glucocorticoid deficiency type 2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| PDZD2 | PDZ domain containing 2|Proteins containing PDZ domains have been shown frequently to bind the C-termini of transmembrane receptors or ion channels. They have also been shown to bind to other PDZ domain proteins and could possibly be involved in intracellular signalling. The protein encoded by this gene contains six PDZ domains and shares sequence similarity with pro-interleukin-16 (pro-IL-16). Like pro-IL-16, the encoded protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and is thought to be cleaved by a caspase to produce a secreted peptide containing two PDZ domains. In addition, this gene is upregulated in primary prostate tumors and may be involved in the early stages of prostate tumorigenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GALNT8 | polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 8|This gene encodes a member of the UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family of enzymes. GalNAc-Ts initiate mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus by catalyzing the transfer of GalNAc to serine and threonine residues on target proteins. They are characterized by an N-terminal transmembrane domain, a stem region, a lumenal catalytic domain containing a GT1 motif and Gal/GalNAc transferase motif, and a C-terminal ricin/lectin-like domain. GalNAc-Ts have different, but overlapping, substrate specificities and patterns of expression. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GALNT9 | polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 9|This gene encodes a member of the UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family of enzymes. GalNAc-Ts initiate mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus by catalyzing the transfer of GalNAc to serine and threonine residues on target proteins. They are characterized by an N-terminal transmembrane domain, a stem region, a lumenal catalytic domain containing a GT1 motif and Gal/GalNAc transferase motif, and a C-terminal ricin/lectin-like domain. GalNAc-Ts have different, but overlapping, substrate specificities and patterns of expression. This gene is expressed specifically in the brain, with highest expression in the cerebellum. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DPYSL4 | dihydropyrimidinase-like 4| |
| TELO2 | telomere maintenance 2|This gene encodes a protein that functions as an S-phase checkpoint protein in the cell cycle. The protein may also play a role in DNA repair.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| GALNT6 | polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 6|This gene encodes a member of the UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family of enzymes. GalNAc-Ts initiate mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus by catalyzing the transfer of GalNAc to serine and threonine residues on target proteins. They are characterized by an N-terminal transmembrane domain, a stem region, a lumenal catalytic domain containing a GT1 motif and Gal/GalNAc transferase motif, and a C-terminal ricin/lectin-like domain. GalNAc-Ts have different, but overlapping, substrate specificities and patterns of expression. The encoded protein is capable of glycosylating fibronectin peptide in vitro and is expressed in a fibroblast cell line, indicating that it may be involved in the synthesis of oncofetal fibronectin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GALNT7 | polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 7|This gene encodes GalNAc transferase 7, a member of the GalNAc-transferase family. The enzyme encoded by this gene controls the initiation step of mucin-type O-linked protein glycosylation and transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine to serine and threonine amino acid residues. This enzyme is a type II transmembrane protein and shares common sequence motifs with other family members. Unlike other family members, this enzyme shows exclusive specificity for partially GalNAc-glycosylated acceptor substrates and shows no activity with non-glycosylated peptides. This protein may function as a follow-up enzyme in the initiation step of O-glycosylation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SARM1 | sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1| |
| GALNT2 | polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2|This gene encodes a member of the glycosyltransferase 2 protein family. Members of this family initiate mucin-type O-glycoslation of peptides in the Golgi apparatus. The encoded protein may be involved in O-linked glycosylation of the immunoglobulin A1 hinge region. This gene may influence triglyceride levels, and may be involved Type 2 diabetes, as well as several types of cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| GNL3L | guanine nucleotide binding protein-like 3 (nucleolar)-like|The protein encoded by this gene appears to be a nucleolar GTPase that is essential for ribosomal pre-rRNA processing and cell proliferation. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| PAAF1 | proteasomal ATPase-associated factor 1|This gene encodes a WD repeat-containing protein involved in regulation of association of proteasome components. During HIV infection, the encoded protein is thought to promote provirus transcription through recruitment of the 19S regulatory complex. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| FAM103A1 | family with sequence similarity 103, member A1| |
| TRIM49B | tripartite motif containing 49B| |
| DMWD | dystrophia myotonica, WD repeat containing| |
| CD74 | CD74 molecule, major histocompatibility complex, class II invariant chain|The protein encoded by this gene associates with class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and is an important chaperone that regulates antigen presentation for immune response. It also serves as cell surface receptor for the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) which, when bound to the encoded protein, initiates survival pathways and cell proliferation. This protein also interacts with amyloid precursor protein (APP) and suppresses the production of amyloid beta (Abeta). Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| CD70 | CD70 molecule|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This cytokine is a ligand for TNFRSF27/CD27. It is a surface antigen on activated, but not on resting, T and B lymphocytes. It induces proliferation of costimulated T cells, enhances the generation of cytolytic T cells, and contributes to T cell activation. This cytokine is also reported to play a role in regulating B-cell activation, cytotoxic function of natural killer cells, and immunoglobulin sythesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD72 | CD72 molecule| |
| CLOCK | clock circadian regulator|The protein encoded by this gene plays a central role in the regulation of circadian rhythms. The protein encodes a transcription factor of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family and contains DNA binding histone acetyltransferase activity. The encoded protein forms a heterodimer with ARNTL (BMAL1) that binds E-box enhancer elements upstream of Period (PER1, PER2, PER3) and Cryptochrome (CRY1, CRY2) genes and activates transcription of these genes. PER and CRY proteins heterodimerize and repress their own transcription by interacting in a feedback loop with CLOCK/ARNTL complexes. Polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with behavioral changes in certain populations and with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| RFC5 | replication factor C (activator 1) 5, 36.5kDa|The elongation of primed DNA templates by DNA polymerase delta and DNA polymerase epsilon requires the accessory proteins proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and replication factor C (RFC). RFC, also named activator 1, is a protein complex consisting of five distinct subunits of 140, 40, 38, 37, and 36 kD. This gene encodes the 36 kD subunit. This subunit can interact with the C-terminal region of PCNA. It forms a core complex with the 38 and 40 kDa subunits. The core complex possesses DNA-dependent ATPase activity, which was found to be stimulated by PCNA in an in vitro system. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 9. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| ZFHX4 | zinc finger homeobox 4| |
| NOXO1 | NADPH oxidase organizer 1|This gene encodes an NADPH oxidase (NOX) organizer, which positively regulates NOX1 and NOX3. The protein contains a PX domain and two SH3 domains. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| HTN1 | histatin 1|This gene encodes a member of the histatin family of small, histidine-rich, cationic proteins. They function as antimicrobial peptides and are important components of the innate immune system. Histatins are found in saliva and exhibit antibacterial, antifungal activities and function in wound healing. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014] |
| RFC1 | replication factor C (activator 1) 1, 145kDa|This gene encodes the large subunit of replication factor C, a five subunit DNA polymerase accessory protein, which is a DNA-dependent ATPase required for eukaryotic DNA replication and repair. The large subunit acts as an activator of DNA polymerases, binds to the 3' end of primers, and promotes coordinated synthesis of both strands. It may also have a role in telomere stability. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| RFC3 | replication factor C (activator 1) 3, 38kDa|The elongation of primed DNA templates by DNA polymerase delta and DNA polymerase epsilon requires the accessory proteins proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and replication factor C (RFC). RFC, also named activator 1, is a protein complex consisting of five distinct subunits of 140, 40, 38, 37, and 36 kDa. This gene encodes the 38 kDa subunit. This subunit is essential for the interaction between the 140 kDa subunit and the core complex that consists of the 36, 37, and 40 kDa subunits. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZFHX2 | zinc finger homeobox 2| |
| KIF14 | kinesin family member 14|This gene encodes a member of the kinesin-3 superfamily of microtubule motor proteins. These proteins are involved in numerous processes including vesicle transport, chromosome segregation, mitotic spindle formation, and cytokinesis. In human HeLa-S3 and 293T cells, this protein is localized to the cytoplasm during interphase, to the spindle poles and spindle microtubules during mitosis, and to the midbody during cytokinesis. An internal motor domain displays microtubule-dependent ATPase activity, consistent with its function as a microtubule motor protein. Knockdown of this gene results in failed cytokinesis with endoreplication, which results in multinucleated cells. This gene has been identified as a likely oncogene in breast, lung and ovarian cancers, as well as retinoblastomas and gliomas. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015] |
| KIF15 | kinesin family member 15| |
| KIF17 | kinesin family member 17| |
| SH3BP1 | SH3-domain binding protein 1| |
| SH3BP2 | SH3-domain binding protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene has an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, an SH3-binding proline-rich region, and a C-terminal SH2 domain. The protein binds to the SH3 domains of several proteins including the ABL1 and SYK protein tyrosine kinases , and functions as a cytoplasmic adaptor protein to positively regulate transcriptional activity in T, natural killer (NK), and basophilic cells. Mutations in this gene result in cherubism. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| ST6GALNAC6 | ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 6|ST6GALNAC6 belongs to a family of sialyltransferases that modify proteins and ceramides on the cell surface to alter cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix interactions (Tsuchida et al., 2003 [PubMed 12668675]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| YTHDF2 | YTH N(6)-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 2|This gene encodes a member of the YTH (YT521-B homology) superfamily containing YTH domain. The YTH domain is typical for the eukaryotes and is particularly abundant in plants. The YTH domain is usually located in the middle of the protein sequence and may function in binding to RNA. In addition to a YTH domain, this protein has a proline rich region which may be involved in signal transduction. An Alu-rich domain has been identified in one of the introns of this gene, which is thought to be associated with human longevity. In addition, reciprocal translocations between this gene and the Runx1 (AML1) gene on chromosome 21 has been observed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. This gene was initially mapped to chromosome 14, which was later turned out to be a pseudogene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified in this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| CBX6 | chromobox homolog 6| |
| CBX5 | chromobox homolog 5|This gene encodes a highly conserved nonhistone protein, which is a member of the heterochromatin protein family. The protein is enriched in the heterochromatin and associated with centromeres. The protein has a single N-terminal chromodomain which can bind to histone proteins via methylated lysine residues, and a C-terminal chromo shadow-domain (CSD) which is responsible for the homodimerization and interaction with a number of chromatin-associated nonhistone proteins. The encoded product is involved in the formation of functional kinetochore through interaction with essential kinetochore proteins. The gene has a pseudogene located on chromosome 3. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CBX4 | chromobox homolog 4| |
| ATXN7L3 | ataxin 7-like 3| |
| ATXN7L2 | ataxin 7-like 2| |
| MDC1 | mediator of DNA-damage checkpoint 1|The protein encoded by this gene contains an N-terminal forkhead domain, two BRCA1 C-terminal (BRCT) motifs and a central domain with 13 repetitions of an approximately 41-amino acid sequence. The encoded protein is required to activate the intra-S phase and G2/M phase cell cycle checkpoints in response to DNA damage. This nuclear protein interacts with phosphorylated histone H2AX near sites of DNA double-strand breaks through its BRCT motifs, and facilitates recruitment of the ATM kinase and meiotic recombination 11 protein complex to DNA damage foci. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NLRP5 | NLR family, pyrin domain containing 5|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the NALP protein family. Members of the NALP protein family typically contain a NACHT domain, a NACHT-associated domain (NAD), a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) region, and an N-terminal pyrin domain (PYD). Expression of this gene is restricted to the oocyte. A mouse gene that encodes a maternal oocyte protein, similar to this encoded protein, is required for normal early embryogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NLRP4 | NLR family, pyrin domain containing 4|NALPs are cytoplasmic proteins that form a subfamily within the larger CATERPILLER protein family. Most short NALPs, such as NALP4, have an N-terminal pyrin (MEFV; MIM 608107) domain (PYD), followed by a NACHT domain, a NACHT-associated domain (NAD), and a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) region. The long NALP, NALP1 (MIM 606636), also has a C-terminal extension containing a function to find domain (FIIND) and a caspase recruitment domain (CARD). NALPs are implicated in the activation of proinflammatory caspases (e.g., CASP1; MIM 147678) via their involvement in multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes (Tschopp et al., 2003 [PubMed 12563287]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| NLRP7 | NLR family, pyrin domain containing 7|This gene encodes a member of the NACHT, leucine rich repeat, and PYD containing (NLRP) protein family. It has an N-terminal pyrin domain, followed by a NACHT domain, a NACHT-associated domain (NAD), and a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) region. NLRP proteins are implicated in the activation of proinflammatory caspases through multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes. This gene may act as a feedback regulator of caspase-1-dependent interleukin 1-beta secretion. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FASTKD5 | FAST kinase domains 5| |
| FASTKD2 | FAST kinase domains 2|This gene encodes a protein that is localized in the mitochondrial inner compartment and that may play a role in mitochondrial apoptosis. Nonsense mutations have been reported to result in cytochrome c oxidase deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| FASTKD3 | FAST kinase domains 3|This gene encodes a member of a small family of Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase domain (FASTKD) containing proteins that share an amino terminal mitochondrial targeting domain and multiple carboxy terminal FAST domains as well as a putative RNA-binding RAP domain. The members of this family are ubiquitously expressed and are generally most abundant in mitochondria-enriched tissues such as heart, skeletal muscle and brown-adipose tissue. Some members of this protein family may play a role in apoptosis. The protein encoded by this gene interacts with components of the mitochondrial respiratory and translation networks. A pseudogene of this gene is also present on chromosome 5. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| NLRP3 | NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3|This gene encodes a pyrin-like protein containing a pyrin domain, a nucleotide-binding site (NBS) domain, and a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motif. This protein interacts with the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein PYCARD/ASC, which contains a caspase recruitment domain, and is a member of the NALP3 inflammasome complex. This complex functions as an upstream activator of NF-kappaB signaling, and it plays a role in the regulation of inflammation, the immune response, and apoptosis. Mutations in this gene are associated with familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS), Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS), chronic infantile neurological cutaneous and articular (CINCA) syndrome, and neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID). Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. Alternative 5' UTR structures are suggested by available data; however, insufficient evidence is available to determine if all of the represented 5' UTR splice patterns are biologically valid. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| NLRP2 | NLR family, pyrin domain containing 2|NALP proteins, such as NALP2, are characterized by an N-terminal pyrin (MIM 608107) domain (PYD) and are involved in the activation of caspase-1 (CASP1; MIM 147678) by Toll-like receptors (see TLR4; MIM 603030). They may also be involved in protein complexes that activate proinflammatory caspases (Tschopp et al., 2003 [PubMed 12563287]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PSEN2 | presenilin 2|Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with an inherited form of the disease carry mutations in the presenilin proteins (PSEN1 or PSEN2) or the amyloid precursor protein (APP). These disease-linked mutations result in increased production of the longer form of amyloid-beta (main component of amyloid deposits found in AD brains). Presenilins are postulated to regulate APP processing through their effects on gamma-secretase, an enzyme that cleaves APP. Also, it is thought that the presenilins are involved in the cleavage of the Notch receptor such that, they either directly regulate gamma-secretase activity, or themselves act are protease enzymes. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms of PSEN2 have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PSEN1 | presenilin 1|Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with an inherited form of the disease carry mutations in the presenilin proteins (PSEN1; PSEN2) or in the amyloid precursor protein (APP). These disease-linked mutations result in increased production of the longer form of amyloid-beta (main component of amyloid deposits found in AD brains). Presenilins are postulated to regulate APP processing through their effects on gamma-secretase, an enzyme that cleaves APP. Also, it is thought that the presenilins are involved in the cleavage of the Notch receptor, such that they either directly regulate gamma-secretase activity or themselves are protease enzymes. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene, the full-length nature of only some have been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| BTLA | B and T lymphocyte associated|This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein contains a single immunoglobulin (Ig) domain and is a receptor that relays inhibitory signals to suppress the immune response. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| WDR26 | WD repeat domain 26|This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. Two transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAB18 | RAB18, member RAS oncogene family|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of Ras-related small GTPases that regulate membrane trafficking in organelles and transport vesicles. Knockdown studies is zebrafish suggest that this protein may have a role in eye and brain development. Mutations in this gene are associated with Warburg micro syndrome type 3. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| WDR24 | WD repeat domain 24| |
| CCPG1 | cell cycle progression 1| |
| WDR20 | WD repeat domain 20|This gene encodes a WD repeat-containing protein that functions to preserve and regulate the activity of the USP12-UAF1 deubiquitinating enzyme complex. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| GNAO1 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha activating activity polypeptide O| |
| RAB10 | RAB10, member RAS oncogene family|RAB10 belongs to the RAS (see HRAS; MIM 190020) superfamily of small GTPases. RAB proteins localize to exocytic and endocytic compartments and regulate intracellular vesicle trafficking (Bao et al., 1998 [PubMed 9918381]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2009] |
| RAB13 | RAB13, member RAS oncogene family|This gene is a member of the Rab family of small G proteins and plays a role in regulating membrane trafficking between trans-Golgi network (TGN) and recycling endosomes (RE). The encoded protein is involved in the assembly of tight junctions, which are components of the apical junctional complex (AJC) of epithelial cells. The AJC plays a role in forming a barrier between luminal contents and the underlying tissue. Additional functions associated with the protein include endocytic recycling of occludin, regulation of epithelial cell scattering, neuronal regeneration and regulation of neurite outgrowth. Alternately spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. A pseudogene associated with this gene is located on chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| SRP72 | signal recognition particle 72kDa|This gene encodes the 72 kDa subunit of the signal recognition particle (SRP), a ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates the targeting of secretory proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The SRP complex consists of a 7S RNA and 6 protein subunits: SRP9, SRP14, SRP19, SRP54, SRP68, and SRP72, that are bound to the 7S RNA as monomers or heterodimers. SRP has at least 3 distinct functions that can be associated with the protein subunits: signal recognition, translational arrest, and ER membrane targeting by interaction with the docking protein. Mutations in this gene are associated with familial bone marrow failure. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| LYST | lysosomal trafficking regulator|This gene encodes a protein that regulates intracellular protein trafficking in endosomes, and may be involved in pigmentation. Mutations in this gene are associated with Chediak-Higashi syndrome, a lysosomal storage disorder. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, though the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2013] |
| DNAJC25 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C , member 25| |
| RAB17 | RAB17, member RAS oncogene family|The Rab subfamily of small GTPases plays an important role in the regulation of membrane trafficking. RAB17 is an epithelial cell-specific GTPase (Lutcke et al., 1993 [PubMed 8486736]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009] |
| MAPK7 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 7|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase is specifically activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (MAP2K5/MEK5). It is involved in the downstream signaling processes of various receptor molecules including receptor type kinases, and G protein-coupled receptors. In response to extracelluar signals, this kinase translocates to cell nucleus, where it regulates gene expression by phosphorylating, and activating different transcription factors. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding two distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BCO2 | beta-carotene oxygenase 2|This gene encodes an enzyme which oxidizes carotenoids such as beta-carotene during the biosynthesis of vitamin A. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| RQCD1 | RCD1 required for cell differentiation1 homolog (S. pombe)|This gene encodes a member of the highly conserved RCD1 protein family. The encoded protein is a transcriptional cofactor and a core protein of the CCR4-NOT complex. It may be involved in signal transduction as well as retinoic acid-regulated cell differentiation and development. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| RAB1A | RAB1A, member RAS oncogene family|This gene encodes a member of the Ras superfamily of GTPases. Members of the gene family cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound forms. This small GTPase controls vesicle traffic from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene which encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| CKS2 | CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 2|CKS2 protein binds to the catalytic subunit of the cyclin dependent kinases and is essential for their biological function. The CKS2 mRNA is found to be expressed in different patterns through the cell cycle in HeLa cells, which reflects specialized role for the encoded protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PAF1 | Paf1, RNA polymerase II associated factor, homolog (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a subunit of the polymerase associated factor (PAF1) complex. The PAF1 complex interacts with RNA polymerase II and plays a role in transcription elongation as well as histone modifications including ubiquitylation and methylation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| RAB1B | RAB1B, member RAS oncogene family|Members of the RAB protein family, such as RAB1B, are low molecular mass monomeric GTPases localized on the cytoplasmic surfaces of distinct membrane-bound organelles. RAB1B functions in the early secretory pathway and is essential for vesicle transport between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi (Chen et al., 1997 [PubMed 9030196]; Alvarez et al., 2003 [PubMed 12802079]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2009] |
| ASCL4 | achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 4|Basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, such as ASCL4, are essential for the determination of cell fate and the development and differentiation of numerous tissues (Jonsson et al., 2004 [PubMed 15475265]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| GAPDH | glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase|This gene encodes a member of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein family. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. The product of this gene catalyzes an important energy-yielding step in carbohydrate metabolism, the reversible oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in the presence of inorganic phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The encoded protein has additionally been identified to have uracil DNA glycosylase activity in the nucleus. Also, this protein contains a peptide that has antimicrobial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. Studies of a similar protein in mouse have assigned a variety of additional functions including nitrosylation of nuclear proteins, the regulation of mRNA stability, and acting as a transferrin receptor on the cell surface of macrophage. Many pseudogenes similar to this locus are present in the human genome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| ACADSB | acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, short/branched chain|Short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase(ACADSB) is a member of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family of enzymes that catalyze the dehydrogenation of acyl-CoA derivatives in the metabolism of fatty acids or branch chained amino acids. Substrate specificity is the primary characteristic used to define members of this gene family. The ACADSB gene product has the greatest activity towards the short branched chain acyl-CoA derivative, (S)-2-methylbutyryl-CoA, but also reacts significantly with other 2-methyl branched chain substrates and with short straight chain acyl-CoAs. The cDNA encodes for a mitochondrial precursor protein which is cleaved upon mitochondrial import and predicted to yield a mature peptide of approximately 43.7-KDa. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IGF2BP1 | insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein family. The protein encoded by this gene contains four K homology domains and two RNA recognition motifs. It functions by binding to the mRNAs of certain genes, including insulin-like growth factor 2, beta-actin and beta-transducin repeat-containing protein, and regulating their translation. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| IGF2BP3 | insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3|The protein encoded by this gene is primarily found in the nucleolus, where it can bind to the 5' UTR of the insulin-like growth factor II leader 3 mRNA and may repress translation of insulin-like growth factor II during late development. The encoded protein contains several KH domains, which are important in RNA binding and are known to be involved in RNA synthesis and metabolism. A pseudogene exists on chromosome 7, and there are putative pseudogenes on other chromosomes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IGF2BP2 | insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2|This gene encodes a member of the IGF-II mRNA-binding protein (IMP) family. The protein encoded by this gene contains four KH domains and two RRM domains. It functions by binding to the 5' UTR of the insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) mRNA and regulating IGF2 translation. Alternative promoter usage and alternate splicing result in multiple variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| CD101 | CD101 molecule| |
| PDE6H | phosphodiesterase 6H, cGMP-specific, cone, gamma|This gene encodes the inhibitory (or gamma) subunit of the cone-specific cGMP phosphodiesterase, which is a tetramer composed of two catalytic chains (alpha and beta), and two inhibitory chains (gamma). It is specifically expressed in the retina, and is involved in the transmission and amplification of the visual signal. Mutations in this gene are associated with retinal cone dystrophy type 3A (RCD3A). [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| KIF1A | kinesin family member 1A|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the kinesin family and functions as an anterograde motor protein that transports membranous organelles along axonal microtubules. Mutations at this locus have been associated with spastic paraplegia-30 and hereditary sensory neuropathy IIC. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| KIF1B | kinesin family member 1B|This gene encodes a motor protein that transports mitochondria and synaptic vesicle precursors. Mutations in this gene cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 2A1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIF1C | kinesin family member 1C|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the kinesin-like protein family. The family members are microtubule-dependent molecular motors that transport organelles within cells and move chromosomes during cell division. Mutations in this gene are a cause of spastic ataxia 2, autosomal recessive. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| CD109 | CD109 molecule|This gene encodes a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked glycoprotein that localizes to the surface of platelets, activated T-cells, and endothelial cells. The protein binds to and negatively regulates signalling by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| SPATC1 | spermatogenesis and centriole associated 1| |
| SPCS3 | signal peptidase complex subunit 3 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| SHOC2 | soc-2 suppressor of clear homolog (C. elegans)|This gene encodes a protein that consists almost entirely of leucine-rich repeats, a domain implicated in protein-protein interactions. The protein may function as a scaffold linking RAS to downstream signal transducers in the RAS/ERK MAP kinase signaling cascade. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| ZFP37 | ZFP37 zinc finger protein|This gene encodes a transcription factor that belongs to a large family of zinc finger proteins. A similar protein in mouse is thought to play a role in regulating the structures of the nucleolus and centromere in neurons. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| AATF | apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor|The protein encoded by this gene was identified on the basis of its interaction with MAP3K12/DLK, a protein kinase known to be involved in the induction of cell apoptosis. This gene product contains a leucine zipper, which is a characteristic motif of transcription factors, and was shown to exhibit strong transactivation activity when fused to Gal4 DNA binding domain. Overexpression of this gene interfered with MAP3K12 induced apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CUZD1 | CUB and zona pellucida-like domains 1| |
| AATK | apoptosis-associated tyrosine kinase|The protein encoded by this gene contains a tyrosine kinase domain at the N-terminus and a proline-rich domain at the C-terminus. This gene is induced during apoptosis, and expression of this gene may be a necessary pre-requisite for the induction of growth arrest and/or apoptosis of myeloid precursor cells. This gene has been shown to produce neuronal differentiation in a neuroblastoma cell line. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| GNAS | GNAS complex locus|This locus has a highly complex imprinted expression pattern. It gives rise to maternally, paternally, and biallelically expressed transcripts that are derived from four alternative promoters and 5' exons. Some transcripts contain a differentially methylated region (DMR) at their 5' exons, and this DMR is commonly found in imprinted genes and correlates with transcript expression. An antisense transcript is produced from an overlapping locus on the opposite strand. One of the transcripts produced from this locus, and the antisense transcript, are paternally expressed noncoding RNAs, and may regulate imprinting in this region. In addition, one of the transcripts contains a second overlapping ORF, which encodes a structurally unrelated protein - Alex. Alternative splicing of downstream exons is also observed, which results in different forms of the stimulatory G-protein alpha subunit, a key element of the classical signal transduction pathway linking receptor-ligand interactions with the activation of adenylyl cyclase and a variety of cellular reponses. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Mutations in this gene result in pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a, pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1b, Albright hereditary osteodystrophy, pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism, McCune-Albright syndrome, progressive osseus heteroplasia, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of bone, and some pituitary tumors. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| ERCC8 | excision repair cross-complementation group 8|This gene encodes a WD repeat protein, which interacts with Cockayne syndrome type B (CSB) protein and with p44 protein, a subunit of the RNA polymerase II transcription factor IIH. Mutations in this gene have been identified in patients with hereditary disease Cockayne syndrome (CS). CS cells are abnormally sensitive to ultraviolet radiation and are defective in the repair of transcriptionally active genes. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| ERCC1 | excision repair cross-complementation group 1|The product of this gene functions in the nucleotide excision repair pathway, and is required for the repair of DNA lesions such as those induced by UV light or formed by electrophilic compounds including cisplatin. The encoded protein forms a heterodimer with the XPF endonuclease (also known as ERCC4), and the heterodimeric endonuclease catalyzes the 5' incision in the process of excising the DNA lesion. The heterodimeric endonuclease is also involved in recombinational DNA repair and in the repair of inter-strand crosslinks. Mutations in this gene result in cerebrooculofacioskeletal syndrome, and polymorphisms that alter expression of this gene may play a role in carcinogenesis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. The last exon of this gene overlaps with the CD3e molecule, epsilon associated protein gene on the opposite strand. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| ERCC2 | excision repair cross-complementation group 2|The nucleotide excision repair pathway is a mechanism to repair damage to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair and is an integral member of the basal transcription factor BTF2/TFIIH complex. The gene product has ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity and belongs to the RAD3/XPD subfamily of helicases. Defects in this gene can result in three different disorders, the cancer-prone syndrome xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D, trichothiodystrophy, and Cockayne syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| ERCC3 | excision repair cross-complementation group 3|This gene encodes an ATP-dependent DNA helicase that functions in nucleotide excision repair. The encoded protein is a subunit of basal transcription factor 2 (TFIIH) and, therefore, also functions in class II transcription. Mutations in this gene are associated with Xeroderma pigmentosum B, Cockayne's syndrome, and trichothiodystrophy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| ERCC4 | excision repair cross-complementation group 4|The protein encoded by this gene forms a complex with ERCC1 and is involved in the 5' incision made during nucleotide excision repair. This complex is a structure specific DNA repair endonuclease that interacts with EME1. Defects in this gene are a cause of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group F (XP-F), or xeroderma pigmentosum VI (XP6).[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| ERCC5 | excision repair cross-complementation group 5|This gene encodes a single-strand specific DNA endonuclease that makes the 3' incision in DNA excision repair following UV-induced damage. The protein may also function in other cellular processes, including RNA polymerase II transcription, and transcription-coupled DNA repair. Mutations in this gene cause xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group G (XP-G), which is also referred to as xeroderma pigmentosum VII (XP7), a skin disorder characterized by hypersensitivity to UV light and increased susceptibility for skin cancer development following UV exposure. Some patients also develop Cockayne syndrome, which is characterized by severe growth defects, mental retardation, and cachexia. Read-through transcription exists between this gene and the neighboring upstream BIVM (basic, immunoglobulin-like variable motif containing) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| ERCC6 | excision repair cross-complementation group 6|This gene encodes a DNA-binding protein that is important in transcription-coupled excision repair. The encoded protein has ATP-stimulated ATPase activity, interacts with several transcription and excision repair proteins, and may promote complex formation at DNA repair sites. Mutations in this gene are associated with Cockayne syndrome type B and cerebrooculofacioskeletal syndrome 1. Naturally-occurring readthrough transcription occurs between this gene and the adjacent PGBD3 gene (GeneID:267004), and results in a fusion protein that shares sequence with the product of each individual gene. The readthrough locus is represented by GeneID:101243544. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| CD244 | CD244 molecule, natural killer cell receptor 2B4|This gene encodes a cell surface receptor expressed on natural killer (NK) cells (and some T cells) that mediate non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted killing. The interaction between NK-cell and target cells via this receptor is thought to modulate NK-cell cytolytic activity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| AIM1L | absent in melanoma 1-like| |
| MRPS15 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S15|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S15P family. The encoded protein is more than two times the size of its E. coli counterpart, with the 12S rRNA binding sites conserved. Between human and mouse, the encoded protein is the least conserved among small subunit ribosomal proteins. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 15q and 19q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD247 | CD247 molecule|The protein encoded by this gene is T-cell receptor zeta, which together with T-cell receptor alpha/beta and gamma/delta heterodimers, and with CD3-gamma, -delta and -epsilon, forms the T-cell receptor-CD3 complex. The zeta chain plays an important role in coupling antigen recognition to several intracellular signal-transduction pathways. Low expression of the antigen results in impaired immune response. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NLRP11 | NLR family, pyrin domain containing 11|NALPs are cytoplasmic proteins that form a subfamily within the larger CATERPILLER protein family. Most short NALPs, such as NALP11, have an N-terminal pyrin (MEFV; MIM 608107) domain (PYD), followed by a NACHT domain, a NACHT-associated domain (NAD), and a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) region. The long NALP, NALP1 (MIM 606636), also has a C-terminal extension containing a function to find domain (FIIND) and a caspase recruitment domain (CARD). NALPs are implicated in the activation of proinflammatory caspases (e.g., CASP1; MIM 147678) via their involvement in multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes (Tschopp et al., 2003 [PubMed 12563287]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| NLRP10 | NLR family, pyrin domain containing 10|Members of the NALP protein family typically contain a NACHT domain, a NACHT-associated domain (NAD), a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) region, and an N-terminal pyrin domain (PYD). The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the NALP protein family despite lacking the LRR region. This protein likely plays a regulatory role in the innate immune system. The protein belongs to the signal-induced multiprotein complex, the inflammasome, that activates the pro-inflammatory caspases, caspase-1 and caspase-5. Other experiments indicate that this gene acts as a multifunctional negative regulator of inflammation and apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NLRP13 | NLR family, pyrin domain containing 13|NALPs are cytoplasmic proteins that form a subfamily within the larger CATERPILLER protein family. Most short NALPs, such as NALP13, have an N-terminal pyrin (MEFV; MIM 608107) domain (PYD), followed by a NACHT domain, a NACHT-associated domain (NAD), and a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) region. The long NALP, NALP1 (MIM 606636), also has a C-terminal extension containing a function to find domain (FIIND) and a caspase recruitment domain (CARD). NALPs are implicated in the activation of proinflammatory caspases (e.g., CASP1; MIM 147678) via their involvement in multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes (Tschopp et al., 2003 [PubMed 12563287]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| NLRP12 | NLR family, pyrin domain containing 12|This gene encodes a member of the CATERPILLER family of cytoplasmic proteins. The encoded protein, which contains an N-terminal pyrin domain, a NACHT domain, a NACHT-associated domain, and a C-terminus leucine-rich repeat region, functions as an attenuating factor of inflammation by suppressing inflammatory responses in activated monocytes. Mutations in this gene cause familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome type 2. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| CD248 | CD248 molecule, endosialin| |
| LOXL1 | lysyl oxidase-like 1|This gene encodes a member of the lysyl oxidase gene family. The prototypic member of the family is essential to the biogenesis of connective tissue, encoding an extracellular copper-dependent amine oxidase that catalyses the first step in the formation of crosslinks in collagens and elastin. A highly conserved amino acid sequence at the C-terminus end appears to be sufficient for amine oxidase activity, suggesting that each family member may retain this function. The N-terminus is poorly conserved and may impart additional roles in developmental regulation, senescence, tumor suppression, cell growth control, and chemotaxis to each member of the family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LOXL2 | lysyl oxidase-like 2|This gene encodes a member of the lysyl oxidase gene family. The prototypic member of the family is essential to the biogenesis of connective tissue, encoding an extracellular copper-dependent amine oxidase that catalyses the first step in the formation of crosslinks in collagens and elastin. A highly conserved amino acid sequence at the C-terminus end appears to be sufficient for amine oxidase activity, suggesting that each family member may retain this function. The N-terminus is poorly conserved and may impart additional roles in developmental regulation, senescence, tumor suppression, cell growth control, and chemotaxis to each member of the family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIAA0922 | KIAA0922| |
| LOXL4 | lysyl oxidase-like 4|This gene encodes a member of the lysyl oxidase gene family. The prototypic member of the family is essential to the biogenesis of connective tissue, encoding an extracellular copper-dependent amine oxidase that catalyses the first step in the formation of crosslinks in collagens and elastin. A highly conserved amino acid sequence at the C-terminus end appears to be sufficient for amine oxidase activity, suggesting that each family member may retain this function. The N-terminus is poorly conserved and may impart additional roles in developmental regulation, senescence, tumor suppression, cell growth control, and chemotaxis to each member of the family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPATC1L | spermatogenesis and centriole associated 1-like| |
| UBE2I | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2I|The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACADM | acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain|This gene encodes the medium-chain specific (C4 to C12 straight chain) acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase. The homotetramer enzyme catalyzes the initial step of the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway. Defects in this gene cause medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, a disease characterized by hepatic dysfunction, fasting hypoglycemia, and encephalopathy, which can result in infantile death. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PFKM | phosphofructokinase, muscle|Three phosphofructokinase isozymes exist in humans: muscle, liver and platelet. These isozymes function as subunits of the mammalian tetramer phosphofructokinase, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Tetramer composition varies depending on tissue type. This gene encodes the muscle-type isozyme. Mutations in this gene have been associated with glycogen storage disease type VII, also known as Tarui disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| PFKL | phosphofructokinase, liver|This gene encodes the liver (L) subunit of an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of D-fructose 6-phosphate to D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, which is a key step in glucose metabolism (glycolysis). This enzyme is a tetramer that may be composed of different subunits encoded by distinct genes in different tissues. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| VIPR2 | vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2|This gene encodes a receptor for vasoactive intestinal peptide, a small neuropeptide. Vasoactive intestinal peptide is involved in smooth muscle relaxation, exocrine and endocrine secretion, and water and ion flux in lung and intestinal epithelia. Its actions are effected through integral membrane receptors associated with a guanine nucleotide binding protein which activates adenylate cyclase. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| GPR1 | G protein-coupled receptor 1| |
| SUZ12 | SUZ12 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit|This zinc finger gene has been identified at the breakpoints of a recurrent chromosomal translocation reported in endometrial stromal sarcoma. Recombination of these breakpoints results in the fusion of this gene and JAZF1. The protein encoded by this gene contains a zinc finger domain in the C terminus of the coding region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| TNNI1 | troponin I type 1 (skeletal, slow)|Troponin proteins associate with tropomyosin and regulate the calcium sensitivity of the myofibril contractile apparatus of striated muscles. Troponin I (TnI), along with troponin T (TnT) and troponin C (TnC), is one of 3 subunits that form the troponin complex of the thin filaments of striated muscle. TnI is the inhibitory subunit; blocking actin-myosin interactions and thereby mediating striated muscle relaxation. The TnI subfamily contains three genes: TnI-skeletal-fast-twitch, TnI-skeletal-slow-twitch, and TnI-cardiac. The TnI-fast and TnI-slow genes are expressed in fast-twitch and slow-twitch skeletal muscle fibers, respectively, while the TnI-cardiac gene is expressed exclusively in cardiac muscle tissue. This gene encodes the Troponin-I-skeletal-slow-twitch protein. This gene is expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle during early development but is restricted to slow-twitch skeletal muscle fibers in adults. The encoded protein prevents muscle contraction by inhibiting calcium-mediated conformational changes in actin-myosin complexes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STATH | statherin| |
| CCDC7 | coiled-coil domain containing 7| |
| LMAN2L | lectin, mannose-binding 2-like| |
| MFSD9 | major facilitator superfamily domain containing 9| |
| MFSD8 | major facilitator superfamily domain containing 8|This gene encodes a ubiquitous integral membrane protein that contains a transporter domain and a major facilitator superfamily (MFS) domain. Other members of the major facilitator superfamily transport small solutes through chemiosmotic ion gradients. The substrate transported by this protein is unknown. The protein likely localizes to lysosomal membranes. Mutations in this gene are correlated with a variant form of late infantile-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (vLINCL). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| KCND3 | potassium channel, voltage gated Shal related subfamily D, member 3|Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. Four sequence-related potassium channel genes - shaker, shaw, shab, and shal - have been identified in Drosophila, and each has been shown to have human homolog(s). This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, shal-related subfamily, members of which form voltage-activated A-type potassium ion channels and are prominent in the repolarization phase of the action potential. This member includes two isoforms with different sizes, which are encoded by alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCND2 | potassium channel, voltage gated Shal related subfamily D, member 2|Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. Four sequence-related potassium channel genes - shaker, shaw, shab, and shal - have been identified in Drosophila, and each has been shown to have human homolog(s). This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, shal-related subfamily, members of which form voltage-activated A-type potassium ion channels and are prominent in the repolarization phase of the action potential. This member mediates a rapidly inactivating, A-type outward potassium current which is not under the control of the N terminus as it is in Shaker channels. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM248 | transmembrane protein 248| |
| SNURF | SNRPN upstream reading frame|This gene encodes a highly basic protein localized to the nucleus. The evolutionarily constrained open reading frame is found on a bicistronic transcript which has a downstream ORF encoding the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N. The upstream coding region utilizes the first three exons of the transcript, a region that has been identified as an imprinting center. Multiple transcription initiation sites have been identified and extensive alternative splicing occurs in the 5' untranslated region but the full-length nature of these transcripts has not been determined. An alternate exon has been identified that substitutes for exon 4 and leads to a truncated, monocistronic transcript. Alternative splicing or deletion caused by a translocation event in the 5' UTR or coding region of this gene leads to Angelman syndrome or Prader-Willi syndrome due to parental imprint switch failure. The function of this protein is not yet known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MFSD1 | major facilitator superfamily domain containing 1| |
| LSM5 | LSM5 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae)|Sm-like proteins were identified in a variety of organisms based on sequence homology with the Sm protein family (see SNRPD2; MIM 601061). Sm-like proteins contain the Sm sequence motif, which consists of 2 regions separated by a linker of variable length that folds as a loop. The Sm-like proteins are thought to form a stable heteromer present in tri-snRNP particles, which are important for pre-mRNA splicing.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| MFSD3 | major facilitator superfamily domain containing 3| |
| DIRC2 | disrupted in renal carcinoma 2|This gene encodes a membrane-bound protein from the major facilitator superfamily of transporters. Disruption of this gene by translocation has been associated with haplo-insufficiency and renal cell carcinomas. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not yet been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ABHD14A | abhydrolase domain containing 14A| |
| TMEM241 | transmembrane protein 241| |
| TMEM242 | transmembrane protein 242| |
| THOP1 | thimet oligopeptidase 1| |
| MZT1 | mitotic spindle organizing protein 1| |
| SEH1L | SEH1-like (S. cerevisiae)|The protein encoded by this gene is part of a nuclear pore complex, Nup107-160. This protein contains WD repeats and shares 34% amino acid identity with yeast Seh1 and 30% identity with yeast Sec13. All constituents of the Nup107-160 complex, including this protein, specifically localize to kinetochores in mitosis. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| USP48 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 48|This gene encodes a protein containing domains that associate it with the peptidase family C19, also known as family 2 of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolases. Family members function as deubiquitinating enzymes, recognizing and hydrolyzing the peptide bond at the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin. Enzymes in peptidase family C19 are involved in the processing of poly-ubiquitin precursors as well as that of ubiquitinated proteins. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DCBLD2 | discoidin, CUB and LCCL domain containing 2| |
| DCBLD1 | discoidin, CUB and LCCL domain containing 1| |
| DDX26B | DEAD/H (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp/His) box polypeptide 26B| |
| CLEC4G | C-type lectin domain family 4, member G|This gene encodes a glycan-binding receptor and member of the C-type lectin family which plays a role in the T-cell immune response. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| CLEC4F | C-type lectin domain family 4, member F| |
| CLEC4C | C-type lectin domain family 4, member C|This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. Members of this family share a common protein fold and have diverse functions, such as cell adhesion, cell-cell signalling, glycoprotein turnover, and roles in inflammation and immune response. The encoded type 2 transmembrane protein may play a role in dendritic cell function. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CLEC4A | C-type lectin domain family 4, member A|This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. Members of this family share a common protein fold and have diverse functions, such as cell adhesion, cell-cell signalling, glycoprotein turnover, and roles in inflammation and immune response. The encoded type 2 transmembrane protein may play a role in inflammatory and immune response. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. This gene is closely linked to other CTL/CTLD superfamily members on chromosome 12p13 in the natural killer gene complex region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CACNG8 | calcium channel, voltage-dependent, gamma subunit 8|The protein encoded by this gene is a type I transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein (TARP). TARPs regulate both trafficking and channel gating of the AMPA receptors. This gene is part of a functionally diverse eight-member protein subfamily of the PMP-22/EMP/MP20 family and is located in a cluster with two family members, a type II TARP and a calcium channel gamma subunit. The mRNA for this gene is believed to initiate translation from a non-AUG (CUG) start codon. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| SSR1 | signal sequence receptor, alpha|The signal sequence receptor (SSR) is a glycosylated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane receptor associated with protein translocation across the ER membrane. The SSR consists of 2 subunits, a 34-kD glycoprotein encoded by this gene and a 22-kD glycoprotein. This gene generates several mRNA species as a result of complex alternative polyadenylation. This gene is unusual in that it utilizes arrays of polyA signal sequences that are mostly non-canonical. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| SSR2 | signal sequence receptor, beta (translocon-associated protein beta)|The signal sequence receptor (SSR) is a glycosylated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane receptor associated with protein translocation across the ER membrane. The SSR consists of 2 subunits, a 34-kD glycoprotein (alpha-SSR or SSR1) and a 22-kD glycoprotein (beta-SSR or SSR2). The human beta-signal sequence receptor gene (SSR2) maps to chromosome bands 1q21-q23. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SSR3 | signal sequence receptor, gamma (translocon-associated protein gamma)|The signal sequence receptor (SSR) is a glycosylated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane receptor associated with protein translocation across the ER membrane. The SSR is comprised of four membrane proteins/subunits: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. The first two are glycosylated subunits and the latter two are non-glycosylated subunits. This gene encodes the gamma subunit, which is predicted to span the membrane four times. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| SSR4 | signal sequence receptor, delta|This gene encodes the delta subunit of the translocon-associated protein complex which is involved in translocating proteins across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. The encoded protein is located in the Xq28 region and is arranged in a compact head-to-head manner with the isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (NAD+) gamma gene and both genes are driven by a CpG-embedded bidirectional promoter. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| NCDN | neurochondrin|This gene encodes a leucine-rich cytoplasmic protein, which is highly similar to a mouse protein that negatively regulates Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II phosphorylation and may be essential for spatial learning processes. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DEFB127 | defensin, beta 127|Defensins are cysteine-rich cationic polypeptides that are important in the immunologic response to invading microorganisms. The antimicrobial protein encoded by this gene is secreted and is a member of the beta defensin protein family. Beta defensin genes are found in several clusters throughout the genome, with this gene mapping to a cluster at 20p13. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| KAT6B | K(lysine) acetyltransferase 6B|The protein encoded by this gene is a histone acetyltransferase and component of the MOZ/MORF protein complex. In addition to its acetyltransferase activity, the encoded protein has transcriptional activation activity in its N-terminal end and transcriptional repression activity in its C-terminal end. This protein is necessary for RUNX2-dependent transcriptional activation and could be involved in brain development. Mutations have been found in patients with genitopatellar syndrome. A translocation of this gene and the CREBBP gene results in acute myeloid leukemias. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| KAT6A | K(lysine) acetyltransferase 6A|This gene encodes a member of the MOZ, YBFR2, SAS2, TIP60 family of histone acetyltransferases. The protein is composed of a nuclear localization domain, a double C2H2 zinc finger domain that binds to acetylated histone tails, a histone acetyl-transferase domain, a glutamate/aspartate-rich region, and a serine- and methionine-rich transactivation domain. It is part of a complex that acetylates lysine-9 residues in histone 3, and in addition, it acts as a co-activator for several transcription factors. Allelic variants of this gene are associated with autosomal dominant mental retardation-32. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| CACNG3 | calcium channel, voltage-dependent, gamma subunit 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a type I transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein (TARP). TARPs regulate both trafficking and channel gating of the AMPA receptors. This gene is part of a functionally diverse eight-member protein subfamily of the PMP-22/EMP/MP20 family. This gene is a susceptibility locus for childhood absence epilepsy. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| CACNG4 | calcium channel, voltage-dependent, gamma subunit 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a type I transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein (TARP). TARPs regulate both trafficking and channel gating of the AMPA receptors. This gene is part of a functionally diverse eight-member protein subfamily of the PMP-22/EMP/MP20 family and is located in a cluster with two family members, a type II TARP and a calcium channel gamma subunit. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| CACNG5 | calcium channel, voltage-dependent, gamma subunit 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a type II transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein (TARP). TARPs regulate both trafficking and channel gating of the AMPA receptors. This gene is part of a functionally diverse eight-member protein subfamily of the PMP-22/EMP/MP20 family and is located in a cluster with two family members, a type I TARP and a calcium channel gamma subunit. This gene is a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| CTTNBP2NL | CTTNBP2 N-terminal like| |
| AVPR1B | arginine vasopressin receptor 1B|The protein encoded by this gene acts as receptor for arginine vasopressin. This receptor belongs to the subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors which includes AVPR1A, V2R and OXT receptors. Its activity is mediated by G proteins which stimulate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The receptor is primarily located in the anterior pituitary, where it stimulates ACTH release. It is expressed at high levels in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas as well as in bronchial carcinoids responsible for the ectopic ACTH syndrome. A spliced antisense transcript of this gene has been reported but its function is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| USP46 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 46|Modification of cellular proteins by ubiquitin is an essential regulatory mechanism controlled by the coordinated action of multiple ubiquitin-conjugating and deubiquitinating enzymes. USP46 belongs to a large family of cysteine proteases that function as deubiquitinating enzymes (Quesada et al., 2004 [PubMed 14715245]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009] |
| CASP8AP2 | caspase 8 associated protein 2|This protein is highly similar to FLASH, a mouse apoptotic protein identified by its interaction with the death-effector domain (DED) of caspase 8. Studies of FLASH protein suggested that this protein may be a component of the death-inducing signaling complex that includes Fas receptor, Fas-binding adapter FADD, and caspase 8, and plays a regulatory role in Fas-mediated apoptosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| PPARGC1A | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional coactivator that regulates the genes involved in energy metabolism. This protein interacts with PPARgamma, which permits the interaction of this protein with multiple transcription factors. This protein can interact with, and regulate the activities of, cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and nuclear respiratory factors (NRFs). It provides a direct link between external physiological stimuli and the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, and is a major factor that regulates muscle fiber type determination. This protein may be also involved in controlling blood pressure, regulating cellular cholesterol homoeostasis, and the development of obesity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TPBG | trophoblast glycoprotein|This gene encodes a leucine-rich transmembrane glycoprotein that may be involved in cell adhesion. The encoded protein is an oncofetal antigen that is specific to trophoblast cells. In adults this protein is highly expressed in many tumor cells and is associated with poor clinical outcome in numerous cancers. Alternate splicing in the 5' UTR results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| APOC4 | apolipoprotein C-IV|This gene encodes a lipid-binding protein belonging to the apolipoprotein gene family. The protein is thought to play a role in lipid metabolism. Polymorphisms in this gene may influence circulating lipid levels and may be associated with coronary artery disease risk. This gene is present in a cluster with other related apolipoprotein genes on chromosome 19. Naturally occurring read-through transcription exists between this gene and the neighboring downstream apolipoprotein C-II (APOC2) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| APOC2 | apolipoprotein C-II|This gene encodes a lipid-binding protein belonging to the apolipoprotein gene family. The protein is secreted in plasma where it is a component of very low density lipoprotein. This protein activates the enzyme lipoprotein lipase, which hydrolyzes triglycerides and thus provides free fatty acids for cells. Mutations in this gene cause hyperlipoproteinemia type IB, characterized by hypertriglyceridemia, xanthomas, and increased risk of pancreatitis and early atherosclerosis. This gene is present in a cluster with other related apolipoprotein genes on chromosome 19. Naturally occurring read-through transcription exists between this gene and the neighboring upstream apolipoprotein C-IV (APOC4) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| APOC3 | apolipoprotein C-III|Apolipoprotein C-III is a very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) protein. APOC3 inhibits lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase; it is thought to delay catabolism of triglyceride-rich particles. The APOA1, APOC3 and APOA4 genes are closely linked in both rat and human genomes. The A-I and A-IV genes are transcribed from the same strand, while the A-1 and C-III genes are convergently transcribed. An increase in apoC-III levels induces the development of hypertriglyceridemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ABI3BP | ABI family, member 3 (NESH) binding protein| |
| RANBP10 | RAN binding protein 10| |
| XDH | xanthine dehydrogenase|Xanthine dehydrogenase belongs to the group of molybdenum-containing hydroxylases involved in the oxidative metabolism of purines. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. Xanthine dehydrogenase can be converted to xanthine oxidase by reversible sulfhydryl oxidation or by irreversible proteolytic modification. Defects in xanthine dehydrogenase cause xanthinuria, may contribute to adult respiratory stress syndrome, and may potentiate influenza infection through an oxygen metabolite-dependent mechanism. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| RANBP17 | RAN binding protein 17|The transport of protein and large RNAs through the nuclear pore complexes (NPC) is an energy-dependent and regulated process. The import of proteins with a nuclear localization signal (NLS) is accomplished by recognition of one or more clusters of basic amino acids by the importin-alpha/beta complex; see MIM 600685 and MIM 602738. The small GTPase RAN (MIM 601179) plays a key role in NLS-dependent protein import. RAN-binding protein-17 is a member of the importin-beta superfamily of nuclear transport receptors.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002] |
| SLC35G2 | solute carrier family 35, member G2| |
| SLC35G1 | solute carrier family 35, member G1| |
| USB1 | U6 snRNA biogenesis 1|This gene encodes a protein with several conserved domains, however, its exact function is not known. Mutations in this gene are associated with poikiloderma with neutropenia (PN), which shows phenotypic overlap with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) caused by mutations in the RECQL4 gene. It is believed that this gene product interacts with RECQL4 protein via SMAD4 proteins, explaining the partial clinical overlap between PN and RTS. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| BHLHE40 | basic helix-loop-helix family, member e40|This gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix protein expressed in various tissues. The encoded protein can interact with ARNTL or compete for E-box binding sites in the promoter of PER1 and repress CLOCK/ARNTL's transactivation of PER1. This gene is believed to be involved in the control of circadian rhythm and cell differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| BHLHE41 | basic helix-loop-helix family, member e41|This gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix protein expressed in various tissues. The encoded protein can interact with ARNTL or compete for E-box binding sites in the promoter of PER1 and repress CLOCK/ARNTL's transactivation of PER1. This gene is believed to be involved in the control of circadian rhythm and cell differentiation. Defects in this gene are associated with the short sleep phenotype. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| COX20 | COX20 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor| |
| MAGI3 | membrane associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 3| |
| PPIP5K2 | diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinase 2|Inositol phosphates (IPs) and diphosphoinositol phosphates (PP-IPs), also known as inositol pyrophosphates, act as cell signaling molecules. HISPPD1 has both IP6 kinase (EC 2.7.4.21) and PP-IP5 (also called IP7) kinase (EC 2.7.4.24) activities that produce the high-energy pyrophosphates PP-IP5 and PP2-IP4 (also called IP8), respectively (Fridy et al., 2007 [PubMed 17690096]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MAGI1 | membrane associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase homologue (MAGUK) family. MAGUK proteins participate in the assembly of multiprotein complexes on the inner surface of the plasma membrane at regions of cell-cell contact. The product of this gene may play a role as scaffolding protein at cell-cell junctions. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MYRF | myelin regulatory factor|This gene encodes a transcription factor that is required for central nervous system myelination and may regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation. It is thought to act by increasing the expression of genes that effect myelin production but may also directly promote myelin gene expression. Loss of a similar gene in mouse models results in severe demyelination. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| KLHDC10 | kelch domain containing 10| |
| UGT2B7 | UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B7|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) family. UGTs serve a major role in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This protein is localized in the microsome membrane, and has unique specificity for 3,4-catechol estrogens and estriol, suggesting that it may play an important role in regulating the level and activity of these potent estrogen metabolites. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| UGT2B4 | UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B4| |
| ZFPM1 | zinc finger protein, FOG family member 1| |
| NGEF | neuronal guanine nucleotide exchange factor| |
| SELL | selectin L|This gene encodes a cell surface adhesion molecule that belongs to a family of adhesion/homing receptors. The encoded protein contains a C-type lectin-like domain, a calcium-binding epidermal growth factor-like domain, and two short complement-like repeats. The gene product is required for binding and subsequent rolling of leucocytes on endothelial cells, facilitating their migration into secondary lymphoid organs and inflammation sites. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with various diseases including immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| LAS1L | LAS1-like (S. cerevisiae)| |
| CCL11 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11|This antimicrobial gene is one of several chemokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines form a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of the N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine, a member of the CC subfamily, displays chemotactic activity for eosinophils, but not mononuclear cells or neutrophils. This eosinophil-specific chemokine is thought to be involved in eosinophilic inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma and parasitic infections. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| TRIM74 | tripartite motif containing 74| |
| SLC25A22 | solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier: glutamate), member 22|This gene encodes a mitochondrial glutamate carrier. Mutations in this gene are associated with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| ANXA11 | annexin A11|This gene encodes a member of the annexin family, a group of calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins. Annexins have unique N-terminal domains and conserved C-terminal domains, which contain the calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding sites. The encoded protein is a 56-kD antigen recognized by sera from patients with various autoimmune diseases. Several transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| SLC25A20 | solute carrier family 25 (carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase), member 20|This gene product is one of several closely related mitochondrial-membrane carrier proteins that shuttle substrates between cytosol and the intramitochondrial matrix space. This protein mediates the transport of acylcarnitines into mitochondrial matrix for their oxidation by the mitochondrial fatty acid-oxidation pathway. Mutations in this gene are associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, which can cause a variety of pathological conditions such as hypoglycemia, cardiac arrest, hepatomegaly, hepatic dysfunction and muscle weakness, and is usually lethal in new born and infants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC25A21 | solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial oxoadipate carrier), member 21|SLC25A21 is a homolog of the S. cerevisiae ODC proteins, mitochondrial carriers that transport C5-C7 oxodicarboxylates across inner mitochondrial membranes. One of the species transported by ODC is 2-oxoadipate, a common intermediate in the catabolism of lysine, tryptophan, and hydroxylysine in mammals. Within mitochondria, 2-oxoadipate is converted into acetyl-CoA.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| SLC25A26 | solute carrier family 25 (S-adenosylmethionine carrier), member 26|Mitochondrial carriers, including SLC25A26, are a family of transport proteins found mostly in the inner membranes of mitochondria. They shuttle metabolites and cofactors through the mitochondrial membrane (Agrimi et al., 2004 [PubMed 14674884]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SLC25A27 | solute carrier family 25, member 27|Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCP) are members of the larger family of mitochondrial anion carrier proteins (MACP). UCPs separate oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis with energy dissipated as heat, also referred to as the mitochondrial proton leak. UCPs facilitate the transfer of anions from the inner to the outer mitochondrial membrane and the return transfer of protons from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane. They also reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential in mammalian cells. Tissue specificity occurs for the different UCPs and the exact methods of how UCPs transfer H+/OH- are not known. UCPs contain the three homologous protein domains of MACPs. Transcripts of this gene are only detected in brain tissue and are specifically modulated by various environmental conditions. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| SLC25A24 | solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; phosphate carrier), member 24|This gene encodes a carrier protein that transports ATP-Mg exchanging it for phosphate. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| SLC25A25 | solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; phosphate carrier), member 25|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of calcium-binding mitochondrial carriers, with a characteristic mitochondrial carrier domain at the C-terminus. These proteins are found in the inner membranes of mitochondria, and function as transport proteins. They shuttle metabolites, nucleotides and cofactors through the mitochondrial membrane and thereby connect and/or regulate cytoplasm and matrix functions. This protein may function as an ATP-Mg/Pi carrier that mediates the transport of Mg-ATP in exchange for phosphate, and likely responsible for the net uptake or efflux of adenine nucleotides into or from the mitochondria. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms with a common C-terminus but variable N-termini have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| CCL14 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14|This gene, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14, is one of several CC cytokine genes clustered on 17q11.2. The CC cytokines are secreted proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene induces changes in intracellular calcium concentration and enzyme release in monocytes. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Read-through transcripts are also expressed that include exons from the upstream cytokine gene, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 15, and are represented as GeneID: 348249. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| SLC25A28 | solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial iron transporter), member 28| |
| MAGIX | MAGI family member, X-linked| |
| SMUG1 | single-strand-selective monofunctional uracil-DNA glycosylase 1|This gene encodes a protein that participates in base excision repair by removing uracil from single- and double-stranded DNA. Many alternatively spliced transcript variants exist for this gene; the full-length nature is known for some but not all of the variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| UBE2O | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2O| |
| ULK3 | unc-51 like kinase 3| |
| GPBP1L1 | GC-rich promoter binding protein 1-like 1| |
| MAP4K5 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 5|This gene encodes a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family, that is highly similar to yeast SPS1/STE20 kinase. Yeast SPS1/STE20 functions near the beginning of the MAP kinase signal cascades that is essential for yeast pheromone response. This kinase was shown to activate Jun kinase in mammalian cells, which suggested a role in stress response. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCL17 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17|This antimicrobial gene is one of several Cys-Cys (CC) cytokine genes clustered on the q arm of chromosome 16. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for T lymphocytes, but not monocytes or granulocytes. The product of this gene binds to chemokine receptors CCR4 and CCR8. This chemokine plays important roles in T cell development in thymus as well as in trafficking and activation of mature T cells. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| FOXA1 | forkhead box A1|This gene encodes a member of the forkhead class of DNA-binding proteins. These hepatocyte nuclear factors are transcriptional activators for liver-specific transcripts such as albumin and transthyretin, and they also interact with chromatin. Similar family members in mice have roles in the regulation of metabolism and in the differentiation of the pancreas and liver. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCL18 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 (pulmonary and activation-regulated)|This antimicrobial gene is one of several Cys-Cys (CC) cytokine genes clustered on the q arm of chromosome 17. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for naive T cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and nonactivated lymphocytes, but not for monocytes or granulocytes. This chemokine attracts naive T lymphocytes toward dendritic cells and activated macrophages in lymph nodes. It may play a role in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity responses. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| MPHOSPH10 | M-phase phosphoprotein 10 (U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein)|This gene encodes a protein that is phosphorylated during mitosis. The protein localizes to the nucleolus during interphase and to the chromosomes during M phase. The protein associates with the U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein 60-80S complexes and may be involved in pre-rRNA processing. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| FOXA2 | forkhead box A2|This gene encodes a member of the forkhead class of DNA-binding proteins. These hepatocyte nuclear factors are transcriptional activators for liver-specific genes such as albumin and transthyretin, and they also interact with chromatin. Similar family members in mice have roles in the regulation of metabolism and in the differentiation of the pancreas and liver. This gene has been linked to sporadic cases of maturity-onset diabetes of the young. Transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| BST1 | bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1|Bone marrow stromal cell antigen-1 is a stromal cell line-derived glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored molecule that facilitates pre-B-cell growth. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibits 33% similarity with CD38. BST1 expression is enhanced in bone marrow stromal cell lines derived from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The polyclonal B-cell abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis may be, at least in part, attributed to BST1 overexpression in the stromal cell population. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BST2 | bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2|Bone marrow stromal cells are involved in the growth and development of B-cells. The specific function of the protein encoded by the bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 is undetermined; however, this protein may play a role in pre-B-cell growth and in rheumatoid arthritis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COPB1 | coatomer protein complex, subunit beta 1|This gene encodes a protein subunit of the coatomer complex associated with non-clathrin coated vesicles. The coatomer complex, also known as the coat protein complex 1, forms in the cytoplasm and is recruited to the Golgi by activated guanosine triphosphatases. Once at the Golgi membrane, the coatomer complex may assist in the movement of protein and lipid components back to the endoplasmic reticulum. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| COPB2 | coatomer protein complex, subunit beta 2 (beta prime)|The Golgi coatomer complex (see MIM 601924) constitutes the coat of nonclathrin-coated vesicles and is essential for Golgi budding and vesicular trafficking. It consists of 7 protein subunits, including COPB2.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002] |
| DAG1 | dystroglycan 1 (dystrophin-associated glycoprotein 1)|Dystroglycan is a laminin binding component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex which provides a linkage between the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. Dystroglycan 1 is a candidate gene for the site of the mutation in autosomal recessive muscular dystrophies. The dramatic reduction of dystroglycan 1 in Duchenne muscular dystrophy leads to a loss of linkage between the sarcolemma and extracellular matrix, rendering muscle fibers more susceptible to necrosis. Dystroglycan also functions as dual receptor for agrin and laminin-2 in the Schwann cell membrane. The muscle and nonmuscle isoforms of dystroglycan differ by carbohydrate moieties but not protein sequence. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants all encoding the same protein.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| INSRR | insulin receptor-related receptor| |
| ISG20L2 | interferon stimulated exonuclease gene 20kDa-like 2|This gene encodes a 3'-5' exoribonuclease that may be involved in the processing of the 12S pre-rRNA. Pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 6 and 11. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| KDELC1 | KDEL (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu) containing 1|This gene encodes a protein product localized to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. As a member of the endoplasmic reticulum protein family the encoded protein contains a Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu or KDEL motif located at the extreme C-terminus which prevents all endoplasmic reticulum resident proteins from being secreted. Proteins carrying this motif are bound by a receptor in the Golgi apparatus so that the receptor-ligand complex returns to the endoplasmic reticulum. A processed non-transcribed pseudogene located in an intron of a sodium transporter gene on chromosome 5 has been defined for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPL8 | ribosomal protein L8|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L2P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. In rat, the protein associates with the 5.8S rRNA, very likely participates in the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA, and is a constituent of the elongation factor 2-binding site at the ribosomal subunit interface. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein exist. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KDELC2 | KDEL (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu) containing 2| |
| CARM1 | coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1|This gene belongs to the protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the methylation of guanidino nitrogens of arginyl residues of proteins. The enzyme acts specifically on histones and other chromatin-associated proteins and is involved in regulation of gene expression. The enzyme may act in association with other proteins or within multi-protein complexes and may play a role in cell type-specific functions and cell lineage specification. A related pseudogene is located on chromosome 9. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| RASAL1 | RAS protein activator like 1 (GAP1 like)|The protein encoded by this gene is member of the GAP1 family of GTPase-activating proteins. These proteins stimulate the GTPase activity of normal RAS p21 but not its oncogenic counterpart. Acting as a suppressor of RAS function, the protein enhances the weak intrinsic GTPase activity of RAS proteins resulting in the inactive GDP-bound form of RAS, thereby allowing control of cellular proliferation and differentiation. This particular family member contains domains which are characteristic of the GAP1 subfamily of RasGAP proteins but, in contrast to the other GAP1 family members, this protein is strongly and selectively expressed in endocrine tissues. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| PAGE4 | P antigen family, member 4 (prostate associated)|This gene is a member of the GAGE family. The GAGE genes are expressed in a variety of tumors and in some fetal and reproductive tissues. This gene is strongly expressed in prostate and prostate cancer. It is also expressed in other male and female reproductive tissues including testis, fallopian tube, uterus, and placenta, as well as in testicular cancer and uterine cancer. The protein encoded by this gene shares sequence similarity with other GAGE/PAGE proteins, and also belongs to a family of CT (cancer-testis) antigens. The protein may play a role in benign and malignant prostate diseases. A related pseudogene is located on chromosome 7. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| PAGE5 | P antigen family, member 5 (prostate associated)|This gene is a member of family of proteins that are expressed in a variety of tumors and in some fetal and reproductive tissues. The encoded protein may protect cells from programmed cell death. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| PAGE2 | P antigen family, member 2 (prostate associated)| |
| B9D2 | B9 protein domain 2|This gene encodes a B9 domain protein, which are exclusively found in ciliated organisms. The gene is upregulated during mucociliary differentiation, and the encoded protein localizes to basal bodies and cilia. Disrupting expression of this gene results in ciliogenesis defects. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| B9D1 | B9 protein domain 1|This gene encodes a B9 domain-containing protein, one of several that are involved in ciliogenesis. Alterations in expression of this gene have been found in a family with Meckel syndrome. Meckel syndrome has been associated with at least six different genes. This gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different proteins have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| PAGE1 | P antigen family, member 1 (prostate associated)|This gene belongs to a family of genes that are expressed in a variety of tumors but not in normal tissues, except for the testis. Unlike the other gene family members, this gene does not encode an antigenic peptide. Nothing is presently known about the function of this protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KLRC3 | killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 3|Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. They can also regulate specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity. NK cells preferentially express several calcium-dependent (C-type) lectins, which have been implicated in the regulation of NK cell function. KLRC3 is a member of the NKG2 group which are expressed primarily in natural killer (NK) cells and encodes a family of transmembrane proteins characterized by a type II membrane orientation (extracellular C terminus) and the presence of a C-type lectin domain. The NKG2 gene family is located within the NK complex, a region that contains several C-type lectin genes preferentially expressed on NK cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FLVCR1 | feline leukemia virus subgroup C cellular receptor 1|This gene encodes a member of the major facilitator superfamily of transporter proteins. The encoded protein is a heme transporter that may play a critical role in erythropoiesis by protecting developing erythroid cells from heme toxicity. This gene may play a role in posterior column ataxia with retinitis pigmentosa and the hematological disorder Diamond-Blackfan syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| PCDHB8 | protocadherin beta 8|This gene is a member of the protocadherin beta gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. The gene clusters demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The beta cluster contains 16 genes and 3 pseudogenes, each encoding 6 extracellular cadherin domains and a cytoplasmic tail that deviates from others in the cadherin superfamily. The extracellular domains interact in a homophilic manner to specify differential cell-cell connections. Unlike the alpha and gamma clusters, the transcripts from these genes are made up of only one large exon, not sharing common 3' exons as expected. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins. Their specific functions are unknown but they most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell neural connections. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| G3BP1 | GTPase activating protein (SH3 domain) binding protein 1|This gene encodes one of the DNA-unwinding enzymes which prefers partially unwound 3'-tailed substrates and can also unwind partial RNA/DNA and RNA/RNA duplexes in an ATP-dependent fashion. This enzyme is a member of the heterogeneous nuclear RNA-binding proteins and is also an element of the Ras signal transduction pathway. It binds specifically to the Ras-GTPase-activating protein by associating with its SH3 domain. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHB3 | protocadherin beta 3|This gene is a member of the protocadherin beta gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. The gene clusters demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The beta cluster contains 16 genes and 3 pseudogenes, each encoding 6 extracellular cadherin domains and a cytoplasmic tail that deviates from others in the cadherin superfamily. The extracellular domains interact in a homophilic manner to specify differential cell-cell connections. Unlike the alpha and gamma clusters, the transcripts from these genes are made up of only one large exon, not sharing common 3' exons as expected. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins. Their specific functions are unknown but they most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell neural connections. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHB2 | protocadherin beta 2|This gene is a member of the protocadherin beta gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. The gene clusters demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The beta cluster contains 16 genes and 3 pseudogenes, each encoding 6 extracellular cadherin domains and a cytoplasmic tail that deviates from others in the cadherin superfamily. The extracellular domains interact in a homophilic manner to specify differential cell-cell connections. Unlike the alpha and gamma clusters, the transcripts from these genes are made up of only one large exon, not sharing common 3' exons as expected. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins. Their specific functions are unknown but they most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell neural connections. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHB1 | protocadherin beta 1|This gene is a member of the protocadherin beta gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. The gene clusters demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The beta cluster contains 16 genes and 3 pseudogenes, each encoding 6 extracellular cadherin domains and a cytoplasmic tail that deviates from others in the cadherin superfamily. The extracellular domains interact in a homophilic manner to specify differential cell-cell connections. Unlike the alpha and gamma clusters, the transcripts from these genes are made up of only one large exon, not sharing common 3' exons as expected. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins. Their specific functions are unknown but they most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell neural connections. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHB7 | protocadherin beta 7|This gene is a member of the protocadherin beta gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. The gene clusters demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The beta cluster contains 16 genes and 3 pseudogenes, each encoding 6 extracellular cadherin domains and a cytoplasmic tail that deviates from others in the cadherin superfamily. The extracellular domains interact in a homophilic manner to specify differential cell-cell connections. Unlike the alpha and gamma clusters, the transcripts from these genes are made up of only one large exon, not sharing common 3' exons as expected. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins. Their specific functions are unknown but they most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell neural connections. The transcript for this particular family member uses more than one polyadenylation site. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHB6 | protocadherin beta 6|This gene is a member of the protocadherin beta gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. The gene clusters demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. Unlike the alpha and gamma clusters, the transcripts from these genes do not share common 3' exons. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell neural connections. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| PCDHB5 | protocadherin beta 5|This gene is a member of the protocadherin beta gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. The gene clusters demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The beta cluster contains 16 genes and 3 pseudogenes, each encoding 6 extracellular cadherin domains and a cytoplasmic tail that deviates from others in the cadherin superfamily. The extracellular domains interact in a homophilic manner to specify differential cell-cell connections. Unlike the alpha and gamma clusters, the transcripts from these genes are made up of only one large exon, not sharing common 3' exons as expected. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins. Their specific functions are unknown but they most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell neural connections. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHB4 | protocadherin beta 4|This gene is a member of the protocadherin beta gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. The gene clusters demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The beta cluster contains 16 genes and 3 pseudogenes, each encoding 6 extracellular cadherin domains and a cytoplasmic tail that deviates from others in the cadherin superfamily. The extracellular domains interact in a homophilic manner to specify differential cell-cell connections. Unlike the alpha and gamma clusters, the transcripts from these genes are made up of only one large exon, not sharing common 3' exons as expected. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins. Their specific functions are unknown but they most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell neural connections. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MKS1 | Meckel syndrome, type 1|The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the basal body and is required for formation of the primary cilium in ciliated epithelial cells. Mutations in this gene result in Meckel syndrome type 1 and in Bardet-Biedl syndrome type 13. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| PITPNM1 | phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, membrane-associated 1|PITPNM1 belongs to a family of membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol transfer domain-containing proteins that share homology with the Drosophila retinal degeneration B (rdgB) protein (Ocaka et al., 2005 [PubMed 15627748]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PGK2 | phosphoglycerate kinase 2|This gene is intronless, arose via retrotransposition of the phosphoglycerate kinase 1 gene, and is expressed specifically in the testis. Initially assumed to be a pseudogene, the encoded protein is actually a functional phosphoglycerate kinase that catalyzes the reversible conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate, during the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway of glycolysis, in the later stages of spermatogenesis.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| PGK1 | phosphoglycerate kinase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate. The encoded protein may also act as a cofactor for polymerase alpha. Additionally, this protein is secreted by tumor cells where it participates in angiogenesis by functioning to reduce disulfide bonds in the serine protease, plasmin, which consequently leads to the release of the tumor blood vessel inhibitor angiostatin. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. Deficiency of the enzyme is associated with a wide range of clinical phenotypes hemolytic anemia and neurological impairment. Pseudogenes of this gene have been defined on chromosomes 19, 21 and the X chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| BECN1 | beclin 1, autophagy related|Beclin-1 participates in the regulation of autophagy and has an important role in development, tumorigenesis, and neurodegeneration (Zhong et al., 2009 [PubMed 19270693]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2010] |
| NKX3-1 | NK3 homeobox 1|This gene encodes a homeobox-containing transcription factor. This transcription factor functions as a negative regulator of epithelial cell growth in prostate tissue. Aberrant expression of this gene is associated with prostate tumor progression. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| GNRH1 | gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (luteinizing-releasing hormone)|The protein encoded by this gene is secreted and then cleaved to form the 10 aa luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH, also known as gonadoliberin-1), and prolactin release-inhibiting factor (also known as GnRH-associated peptide 1). LHRH stimulates the release of luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormones, which are important for reproduction. Mutation in this gene are associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| RPP25L | ribonuclease P/MRP 25kDa subunit-like|This gene encodes a protein that appears to belong to a family of evolutionarily related proteins (DUF78), that may share one or more domains in common. Members of this family are small archaebacterial proteins with no known function. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and two variants, both encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LBR | lamin B receptor|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ERG4/ERG24 family. It localized in the nuclear envelope inner membrane and anchors the lamina and the heterochromatin to the membrane. It may mediate interaction between chromatin and lamin B. Mutations of this gene has been associated with autosomal recessive HEM/Greenberg skeletal dysplasia. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SMTNL2 | smoothelin-like 2| |
| RPUSD4 | RNA pseudouridylate synthase domain containing 4| |
| IMPG1 | interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycan 1|This gene encodes a protein that is a major component of the retinal interphotoreceptor matrix. The encoded protein is a proteoglycan that is thought to play a role in maintaining viability of photoreceptor cells and in adhesion of the neural retina to the retinal pigment epithelium. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| VWA5A | von Willebrand factor A domain containing 5A| |
| INSM2 | insulinoma-associated 2| |
| RPAP3 | RNA polymerase II associated protein 3|This gene encodes an RNA polymerase II-associated protein. The encoded protein may function in transcriptional regulation and may also regulate apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| RPAP1 | RNA polymerase II associated protein 1|This protein forms part of the RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) enzyme complex and may recruit RNAPII to chromatin through its interaction with acetylated histones. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| VHLL | von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor-like|Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor protein is a component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that selectively ubiquitinates the alpha subunit of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factor for proteasome-mediated degradation. Inactivation of VHL causes VHL disease and sporadic kidney cancer. This gene encodes a VHL homolog that lacks one of two key domains necessary for VHL function. This gene may contribute to the regulation of oxygen homeostasis and neovascularization during placenta development. This gene is intronless, and can also be interpreted as a retrotransposed pseudogene of the VHL locus located on chromosome 3. However, the protein is represented in this RefSeq due to evidence in PMID:14757845 that strongly suggests it is translated. The same publication also indicates that this protein binds HIF alpha but fails to recruit the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, and it therefore functions as a dominant-negative VHL protein and a protector of HIF alpha. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| GLB1L | galactosidase, beta 1-like| |
| DGCR6 | DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 6|DiGeorge syndrome, and more widely, the CATCH 22 syndrome, are associated with microdeletions in chromosomal region 22q11.2. The product of this gene shares homology with the Drosophila melanogaster gonadal protein, which participates in gonadal and germ cell development, and with the gamma-1 subunit of human laminin. This gene is a candidate for involvement in DiGeorge syndrome pathology and in schizophrenia. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| KLRC4 | killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 4|Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. They can also regulate specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity. NK cells preferentially express several calcium-dependent (C-type) lectins, which have been implicated in the regulation of NK cell function. This gene is a member of the NKG2 group of genes that are expressed primarily in natural killer (NK) cells. These family members encode transmembrane proteins that are characterized by a type II membrane orientation (have an extracellular C-terminus) and the presence of a C-type lectin domain. This family member is located within the NK complex, a region that contains several C-type lectin genes preferentially expressed in NK cells. Read-through transcription exists between this gene and the downstream KLRK1 (killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily K, member 1) family member. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| MRPL3 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L3|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein that belongs to the L3P ribosomal protein family. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 13q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC28A3 | solute carrier family 28 (concentrative nucleoside transporter), member 3|Nucleoside transporters, such as SLC28A3, regulate multiple cellular processes, including neurotransmission, vascular tone, adenosine concentration in the vicinity of cell surface receptors, and transport and metabolism of nucleoside drugs. SLC28A3 shows broad specificity for pyrimidine and purine nucleosides (Ritzel et al., 2001 [PubMed 11032837]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| TCERG1 | transcription elongation regulator 1|This gene encodes a nuclear protein that regulates transcriptional elongation and pre-mRNA splicing. The encoded protein interacts with the hyperphosphorylated C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II via multiple FF domains, and with the pre-mRNA splicing factor SF1 via a WW domain. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcripts variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCTD2 | potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 2| |
| OXA1L | oxidase (cytochrome c) assembly 1-like| |
| RPUSD3 | RNA pseudouridylate synthase domain containing 3| |
| MAGEC1 | melanoma antigen family C1|This gene is a member of the melanoma antigen gene (MAGE) family. The proteins of this family are tumor-specific antigens that can be recognized by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes. This protein contains a large number of unique short repetitive sequences in front of the MAGE-homologous sequence, and therefore is about 800 aa longer than the other MAGE proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C6orf57 | succinate dehydrogenase complex assembly factor 4| |
| TNIK | TRAF2 and NCK interacting kinase|Germinal center kinases (GCKs), such as TNIK, are characterized by an N-terminal kinase domain and a C-terminal GCK domain that serves a regulatory function (Fu et al., 1999 [PubMed 10521462]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MAGEC2 | melanoma antigen family C2|This gene is a member of the MAGEC gene family. It is not expressed in normal tissues, except for testis, and is expressed in tumors of various histological types. This gene and the other MAGEC genes are clustered on chromosome Xq26-q27. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| FPR2 | formyl peptide receptor 2| |
| PSTPIP2 | proline-serine-threonine phosphatase interacting protein 2| |
| KIAA0101 | KIAA0101| |
| KIAA0100 | KIAA0100| |
| DOCK10 | dedicator of cytokinesis 10|This gene encodes a member of the dedicator of cytokinesis protein family. Members of this family are guanosine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho GTPases and defined by the presence of conserved DOCK-homology regions. The encoded protein belongs to the D (or Zizimin) subfamily of DOCK proteins, which also contain an N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| DOCK11 | dedicator of cytokinesis 11| |
| GCSAM | germinal center-associated, signaling and motility|This gene encodes a protein which may function in signal transduction pathways and whose expression is elevated in germinal cell lymphomas. It contains a putative PDZ-interacting domain, an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM), and two putative SH2 binding sites. In B cells, its expression is specifically induced by interleukin-4. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| POFUT1 | protein O-fucosyltransferase 1|This gene encodes a member of the glycosyltransferase O-Fuc family. This enzyme adds O-fucose through an O-glycosidic linkage to conserved serine or threonine residues in the epidermal growth factor-like repeats of a number of cell surface and secreted proteins. O-fucose glycans are involved in ligand-induced receptor signaling. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SNX17 | sorting nexin 17|This gene encodes a member of the sorting nexin family. Members of this family contain a phox (PX) domain, which is a phosphoinositide binding domain, and are involved in intracellular trafficking. This protein does not contain a coiled coil region, like some family members, but contains a B41 domain. This protein interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of P-selectin, and may function in the intracellular trafficking of P-selectin. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| SNX16 | sorting nexin 16|This gene encodes a member of the sorting nexin family. Members of this family contain a phox (PX) domain, which is a phosphoinositide binding domain, and are involved in intracellular trafficking. The function of this protein has not been determined. This gene results in three transcript variants encoding two distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SNX15 | sorting nexin 15|This gene encodes a member of the sorting nexin family. Members of this family contain a phox (PX) domain, which is a phosphoinositide binding domain, and are involved in intracellular trafficking. Overexpression of this gene results in a decrease in the processing of insulin and hepatocyte growth factor receptors to their mature subunits. This decrease is caused by the mislocalization of furin, the endoprotease responsible for cleavage of insulin and hepatocyte growth factor receptors. This protein is involved in endosomal trafficking from the plasma membrane to recycling endosomes or the trans-Golgi network. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the upstream ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 (ARL2) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| SNX14 | sorting nexin 14|This gene encodes a member of the sorting nexin family. Members of this family have a phox (PX) phosphoinositide binding domain and are involved in intracellular trafficking. The encoded protein also contains a regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain. Regulator of G protein signaling family members are regulatory molecules that act as GTPase activating proteins for G alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. Alternate splicing results in transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| SNX13 | sorting nexin 13|This gene encodes a PHOX domain- and RGS domain-containing protein that belongs to the sorting nexin (SNX) family and the regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) family. The PHOX domain is a phosphoinositide binding domain, and the SNX family members are involved in intracellular trafficking. The RGS family members are regulatory molecules that act as GTPase activating proteins for G alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. The RGS domain of this protein interacts with G alpha(s), accelerates its GTP hydrolysis, and attenuates G alpha(s)-mediated signaling. Overexpression of this protein delayes lysosomal degradation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Because of its bifunctional role, this protein may link heterotrimeric G protein signaling and vesicular trafficking. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SNX12 | sorting nexin 12|This gene encodes a member of the sorting nexin family. Members of this family contain a phox (PX) domain, which is a phosphoinositide binding domain, and are involved in intracellular trafficking. This protein does not contain a coiled coil region, like some family members. A similar protein in mouse may be involved in regulating the neurite outgrowth. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| SNX11 | sorting nexin 11|This gene encodes a member of the sorting nexin family. Members of this family contain a phox (PX) domain, which is a phosphoinositide binding domain, and are involved in intracellular trafficking. This protein does not contain a coiled coil region, like some family members. This gene encodes a protein of unknown function. This gene results in two transcript variants differing in the 5' UTR, but encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SNX10 | sorting nexin 10|This gene encodes a member of the sorting nexin family. Members of this family contain a phox (PX) domain, which is a phosphoinositide binding domain, and are involved in intracellular trafficking. This protein does not contain a coiled coil region, like some family members. This gene may play a role in regulating endosome homeostasis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| TOMM22 | translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 22 homolog (yeast)|The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein of the mitochondrial outer membrane. The encoded protein interacts with TOMM20 and TOMM40, and forms a complex with several other proteins to import cytosolic preproteins into the mitochondrion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SNX19 | sorting nexin 19| |
| SNX18 | sorting nexin 18|This gene encodes a member of the sorting nexin family. Members of this family contain a phox (PX) domain, which is a phosphoinositide binding domain, and are involved in intracellular trafficking. This protein does not contain a coiled coil region, like some family members, but contains a SH3 domain. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ICAM5 | intercellular adhesion molecule 5, telencephalin|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) family. All ICAM proteins are type I transmembrane glycoproteins, contain 2-9 immunoglobulin-like C2-type domains, and bind to the leukocyte adhesion LFA-1 protein. This protein is expressed on the surface of telencephalic neurons and displays two types of adhesion activity, homophilic binding between neurons and heterophilic binding between neurons and leukocytes. It may be a critical component in neuron-microglial cell interactions in the course of normal development or as part of neurodegenerative diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC12A6 | solute carrier family 12 (potassium/chloride transporter), member 6|This gene is a member of the K-Cl cotransporter (KCC) family. K-Cl cotransporters are integral membrane proteins that lower intracellular chloride concentrations below the electrochemical equilibrium potential. The proteins encoded by this gene are activated by cell swelling induced by hypotonic conditions. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Mutations in this gene are associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum with peripheral neuropathy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| R3HCC1 | R3H domain and coiled-coil containing 1| |
| ICAM2 | intercellular adhesion molecule 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) family. All ICAM proteins are type I transmembrane glycoproteins, contain 2-9 immunoglobulin-like C2-type domains, and bind to the leukocyte adhesion LFA-1 protein. This protein may play a role in lymphocyte recirculation by blocking LFA-1-dependent cell adhesion. It mediates adhesive interactions important for antigen-specific immune response, NK-cell mediated clearance, lymphocyte recirculation, and other cellular interactions important for immune response and surveillance. Several transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ICAM1 | intercellular adhesion molecule 1|This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein which is typically expressed on endothelial cells and cells of the immune system. It binds to integrins of type CD11a / CD18, or CD11b / CD18 and is also exploited by Rhinovirus as a receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DPM3 | dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase polypeptide 3|Dolichol-phosphate mannose (Dol-P-Man) serves as a donor of mannosyl residues on the lumenal side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Lack of Dol-P-Man results in defective surface expression of GPI-anchored proteins. Dol-P-Man is synthesized from GDP-mannose and dolichol-phosphate on the cytosolic side of the ER by the enzyme dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase and acts as a stabilizer subunit of the dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DPM2 | dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase polypeptide 2, regulatory subunit|Dolichol-phosphate mannose (Dol-P-Man) serves as a donor of mannosyl residues on the lumenal side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Lack of Dol-P-Man results in defective surface expression of GPI-anchored proteins. Dol-P-Man is synthesized from GDP-mannose and dolichol-phosphate on the cytosolic side of the ER by the enzyme dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase. The protein encoded by this gene is a hydrophobic protein that contains 2 predicted transmembrane domains and a putative ER localization signal near the C terminus. This protein associates with DPM1 in vivo and is required for the ER localization and stable expression of DPM1 and also enhances the binding of dolichol-phosphate to DPM1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CTDSP2 | CTD (carboxy-terminal domain, RNA polymerase II, polypeptide A) small phosphatase 2| |
| CTDSPL | CTD (carboxy-terminal domain, RNA polymerase II, polypeptide A) small phosphatase-like| |
| LY6E | lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus E| |
| LY6D | lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus D| |
| PDYN | prodynorphin|The protein encoded by this gene is a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to form the secreted opioid peptides beta-neoendorphin, dynorphin, leu-enkephalin, rimorphin, and leumorphin. These peptides are ligands for the kappa-type of opioid receptor. Dynorphin is involved in modulating responses to several psychoactive substances, including cocaine. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| APOA1BP | apolipoprotein A-I binding protein|The product of this gene interacts with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major apolipoprotein of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). It is secreted into some bodily fluids, and its synthesis and secretion are stimulated in vitro by incubating cells with apoA-I. The human genome contains related pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RABGEF1 | RAB guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 1|RABGEF1 forms a complex with rabaptin-5 (RABPT5; MIM 603616) that is required for endocytic membrane fusion, and it serves as a specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RAB5 (RAB5A; MIM 179512) (Horiuchi et al., 1997 [PubMed 9323142]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2010] |
| LY6K | lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus K| |
| LY6H | lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus H| |
| SMTN | smoothelin|This gene encodes a structural protein that is found exclusively in contractile smooth muscle cells. It associates with stress fibers and constitutes part of the cytoskeleton. This gene is localized to chromosome 22q12.3, distal to the TUPLE1 locus and outside the DiGeorge syndrome deletion. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| KDM4D | lysine (K)-specific demethylase 4D| |
| OCLN | occludin|This gene encodes an integral membrane protein that is required for cytokine-induced regulation of the tight junction paracellular permeability barrier. Mutations in this gene are thought to be a cause of band-like calcification with simplified gyration and polymicrogyria (BLC-PMG), an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder that is also known as pseudo-TORCH syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene is present 1.5 Mb downstream on the q arm of chromosome 5. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011] |
| TMEM87B | transmembrane protein 87B| |
| TMEM87A | transmembrane protein 87A| |
| ZNF689 | zinc finger protein 689| |
| NEUROD2 | neuronal differentiation 2|This gene encodes a member of the neuroD family of neurogenic basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins. Expression of this gene can induce transcription from neuron-specific promoters, such as the GAP-43 promoter, which contain a specific DNA sequence known as an E-box. The product of the human gene can induce neurogenic differentiation in non-neuronal cells in Xenopus embryos, and is thought to play a role in the determination and maintenance of neuronal cell fates. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPR37L1 | G protein-coupled receptor 37 like 1| |
| NEUROD1 | neuronal differentiation 1|This gene encodes a member of the NeuroD family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors. The protein forms heterodimers with other bHLH proteins and activates transcription of genes that contain a specific DNA sequence known as the E-box. It regulates expression of the insulin gene, and mutations in this gene result in type II diabetes mellitus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NEUROD6 | neuronal differentiation 6|This gene is a member of the NEUROD family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. The encoded protein may be involved in the development and differentiation of the nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| SGK2 | serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 2|This gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase. Although this gene product is similar to serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase (SGK), this gene is not induced by serum or glucocorticoids. This gene is induced in response to signals that activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, which is also true for SGK. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| SGK1 | serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1|This gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays an important role in cellular stress response. This kinase activates certain potassium, sodium, and chloride channels, suggesting an involvement in the regulation of processes such as cell survival, neuronal excitability, and renal sodium excretion. High levels of expression of this gene may contribute to conditions such as hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| URM1 | ubiquitin related modifier 1| |
| CHURC1 | churchill domain containing 1| |
| BOD1L1 | biorientation of chromosomes in cell division 1-like 1| |
| TBC1D9B | TBC1 domain family, member 9B (with GRAM domain)| |
| SLC3A2 | solute carrier family 3 (amino acid transporter heavy chain), member 2|This gene is a member of the solute carrier family and encodes a cell surface, transmembrane protein. The protein exists as the heavy chain of a heterodimer, covalently bound through di-sulfide bonds to one of several possible light chains. The encoded transporter plays a role in regulation of intracellular calcium levels and transports L-type amino acids. Alternatively spliced transcript variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| TMTC4 | transmembrane and tetratricopeptide repeat containing 4| |
| TMTC3 | transmembrane and tetratricopeptide repeat containing 3|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the transmembrane and tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein family. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| TMTC2 | transmembrane and tetratricopeptide repeat containing 2| |
| TMTC1 | transmembrane and tetratricopeptide repeat containing 1| |
| C1orf168 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 168| |
| HSF4 | heat shock transcription factor 4|Heat-shock transcription factors (HSFs) activate heat-shock response genes under conditions of heat or other stresses. HSF4 lacks the carboxyl-terminal hydrophobic repeat which is shared among all vertebrate HSFs and has been suggested to be involved in the negative regulation of DNA binding activity. Two alternatively spliced transcripts encoding distinct isoforms and possessing different transcriptional activity have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CFC1 | cripto, FRL-1, cryptic family 1|This gene encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)- Cripto, Frl-1, and Cryptic (CFC) family, which are involved in signalling during embryonic development. Proteins in this family share a variant EGF-like motif, a conserved cysteine-rich domain, and a C-terminal hydrophobic region. The protein encoded by this gene is necessary for patterning the left-right embryonic axis. Mutations in this gene are associated with defects in organ development, including autosomal visceral heterotaxy and congenital heart disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| TRIM77 | tripartite motif containing 77| |
| CDH10 | cadherin 10, type 2 (T2-cadherin)|This gene encodes a type II classical cadherin from the cadherin superfamily, integral membrane proteins that mediate calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion. Mature cadherin proteins are composed of a large N-terminal extracellular domain, a single membrane-spanning domain, and a small, highly conserved C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. The extracellular domain consists of 5 subdomains, each containing a cadherin motif, and appears to determine the specificity of the protein's homophilic cell adhesion activity. Type II (atypical) cadherins are defined based on their lack of a HAV cell adhesion recognition sequence specific to type I cadherins. This particular cadherin is predominantly expressed in brain and is putatively involved in synaptic adhesions, axon outgrowth and guidance. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| CDH13 | cadherin 13|This gene encodes a member of the cadherin superfamily. The encoded protein is localized to the surface of the cell membrane and is anchored by a GPI moiety, rather than by a transmembrane domain. The protein lacks the cytoplasmic domain characteristic of other cadherins, and so is not thought to be a cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein. This protein acts as a negative regulator of axon growth during neural differentiation. It also protects vascular endothelial cells from apoptosis due to oxidative stress, and is associated with resistance to atherosclerosis. The gene is hypermethylated in many types of cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| MAP4K2 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. Although this kinase is found in many tissues, its expression in lymphoid follicles is restricted to the cells of germinal centre, where it may participate in B-cell differentiation. This kinase can be activated by TNF-alpha, and has been shown to specifically activate MAP kinases. This kinase is also found to interact with TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), which is involved in the activation of MAP3K1/MEKK1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| TRIM73 | tripartite motif containing 73| |
| TRIM72 | tripartite motif containing 72, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase| |
| TRIM71 | tripartite motif containing 71, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase| |
| CDH16 | cadherin 16, KSP-cadherin|This gene is a member of the cadherin superfamily, genes encoding calcium-dependent, membrane-associated glycoproteins. Mapped to a previously identified cluster of cadherin genes on chromosome 16q22.1, the gene localizes with superfamily members CDH1, CDH3, CDH5, CDH8 and CDH11. The protein consists of an extracellular domain containing 6 cadherin domains, a transmembrane region and a truncated cytoplasmic domain but lacks the prosequence and tripeptide HAV adhesion recognition sequence typical of most classical cadherins. Expression is exclusively in kidney, where the protein functions as the principal mediator of homotypic cellular recognition, playing a role in the morphogenic direction of tissue development. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| CDH19 | cadherin 19, type 2|This gene is one of three related type II cadherin genes situated in a cluster on chromosome 18. The encoded protein is a calcium dependent cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein containing five extracellular cadherin repeats. Loss of cadherins may be associated with cancer formation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| CDH18 | cadherin 18, type 2|This gene encodes a type II classical cadherin from the cadherin superfamily of integral membrane proteins that mediate calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion. Mature cadherin proteins are composed of a large N-terminal extracellular domain, a single membrane-spanning domain, and a small, highly conserved C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. Type II (atypical) cadherins are defined based on their lack of a HAV cell adhesion recognition sequence specific to type I cadherins. This particular cadherin is expressed specifically in the central nervous system and is putatively involved in synaptic adhesion, axon outgrowth and guidance. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| SPATA20 | spermatogenesis associated 20| |
| TBC1D15 | TBC1 domain family, member 15|This gene encodes a member of the Ras-like proteins in brain-GTPase activating protein superfamily that share a conserved Tre-2/Bub2/Cdc16 domain. The encoded protein interacts with Ras-like protein in brain 5A and may function as a regulator of intracellular trafficking. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| CYCS | cytochrome c, somatic|This gene encodes a small heme protein that functions as a central component of the electron transport chain in mitochondria. The encoded protein associates with the inner membrane of the mitochondrion where it accepts electrons from cytochrome b and transfers them to the cytochrome oxidase complex. This protein is also involved in initiation of apoptosis. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal dominant nonsyndromic thrombocytopenia. Numerous processed pseudogenes of this gene are found throughout the human genome.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| TCF24 | transcription factor 24| |
| GPD1 | glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (soluble)|This gene encodes a member of the NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family. The encoded protein plays a critical role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism by catalyzing the reversible conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and reduced nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) and NAD+. The encoded cytosolic protein and mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase also form a glycerol phosphate shuttle that facilitates the transfer of reducing equivalents from the cytosol to mitochondria. Mutations in this gene are a cause of transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| OCEL1 | occludin/ELL domain containing 1| |
| MICU2 | mitochondrial calcium uptake 2| |
| MICU1 | mitochondrial calcium uptake 1|This gene encodes an essential regulator of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake under basal conditions. The encoded protein interacts with the mitochondrial calcium uniporter, a mitochondrial inner membrane Ca2+ channel, and is essential in preventing mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, which can cause excessive production of reactive oxygen species and cell stress. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| TSNAX | translin-associated factor X|This gene encodes a protein which specifically interacts with translin, a DNA-binding protein that binds consensus sequences at breakpoint junctions of chromosomal translocations. The encoded protein contains bipartite nuclear targeting sequences that may provide nuclear transport for translin, which lacks any nuclear targeting motifs. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PDCD2L | programmed cell death 2-like| |
| C7orf49 | chromosome 7 open reading frame 49| |
| EXT1 | exostosin glycosyltransferase 1|This gene encodes an endoplasmic reticulum-resident type II transmembrane glycosyltransferase involved in the chain elongation step of heparan sulfate biosynthesis. Mutations in this gene cause the type I form of multiple exostoses. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NEFM | neurofilament, medium polypeptide|Neurofilaments are type IV intermediate filament heteropolymers composed of light, medium, and heavy chains. Neurofilaments comprise the axoskeleton and functionally maintain neuronal caliber. They may also play a role in intracellular transport to axons and dendrites. This gene encodes the medium neurofilament protein. This protein is commonly used as a biomarker of neuronal damage. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| NEFL | neurofilament, light polypeptide|Neurofilaments are type IV intermediate filament heteropolymers composed of light, medium, and heavy chains. Neurofilaments comprise the axoskeleton and they functionally maintain the neuronal caliber. They may also play a role in intracellular transport to axons and dendrites. This gene encodes the light chain neurofilament protein. Mutations in this gene cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease types 1F (CMT1F) and 2E (CMT2E), disorders of the peripheral nervous system that are characterized by distinct neuropathies. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome Y. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| NEFH | neurofilament, heavy polypeptide|Neurofilaments are type IV intermediate filament heteropolymers composed of light, medium, and heavy chains. Neurofilaments comprise the axoskeleton and functionally maintain neuronal caliber. They may also play a role in intracellular transport to axons and dendrites. This gene encodes the heavy neurofilament protein. This protein is commonly used as a biomarker of neuronal damage and susceptibility to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been associated with mutations in this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| SON | SON DNA binding protein|This gene encodes a protein that contains multiple simple repeats. The encoded protein binds RNA and promotes pre-mRNA splicing, particularly of transcripts with poor splice sites. The protein also recognizes a specific DNA sequence found in the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) and represses HBV core promoter activity. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| GAN | gigaxonin|This gene encodes a member of the cytoskeletal BTB/kelch (Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac) repeat family. The encoded protein plays a role in neurofilament architecture and is involved in mediating the ubiquitination and degradation of some proteins. Defects in this gene are a cause of giant axonal neuropathy (GAN). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| NIPBL | Nipped-B homolog (Drosophila)|This gene encodes the homolog of the Drosophila melanogaster Nipped-B gene product and fungal Scc2-type sister chromatid cohesion proteins. The Drosophila protein facilitates enhancer-promoter communication of remote enhancers and plays a role in developmental regulation. It is also homologous to a family of chromosomal adherins with broad roles in sister chromatid cohesion, chromosome condensation, and DNA repair. The human protein has a bipartite nuclear targeting sequence and a putative HEAT repeat. Condensins, cohesins and other complexes with chromosome-related functions also contain HEAT repeats. Mutations in this gene result in Cornelia de Lange syndrome, a disorder characterized by dysmorphic facial features, growth delay, limb reduction defects, and mental retardation. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C2orf73 | chromosome 2 open reading frame 73| |
| C2orf74 | chromosome 2 open reading frame 74| |
| C2orf76 | chromosome 2 open reading frame 76| |
| NRG1 | neuregulin 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane glycoprotein that that mediates cell-cell signaling and plays a critical role in the growth and development of multiple organ systems. An extraordinary variety of different isoforms are produced from this gene through alternative promoter usage and splicing. These isoforms are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and differ significantly in their structure, and are classified as types I, II, III, IV, V and VI. Dysregulation of this gene has been linked to diseases such as cancer, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder (BPD). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| NRG3 | neuregulin 3|This gene is a member of the neuregulin gene family. This gene family encodes ligands for the transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors ERBB3 and ERBB4 - members of the epidermal growth factor receptor family. Ligand binding activates intracellular signaling cascades and the induction of cellular responses including proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival or apoptosis. This gene encodes neuregulin 3 (NRG3). NRG3 has been shown to activate the tyrosine phosphorylation of its cognate receptor, ERBB4, and is thought to influence neuroblast proliferation, migration and differentiation by signalling through ERBB4. NRG3 also promotes mammary differentiation during embryogenesis. Linkage studies have implicated this gene as a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Additional transcript variants have been described but their biological validity has not been verified.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| NRG2 | neuregulin 2|This gene encodes a novel member of the neuregulin family of growth and differentiation factors. Through interaction with the ERBB family of receptors, this protein induces the growth and differentiation of epithelial, neuronal, glial, and other types of cells. The gene consists of 12 exons and the genomic structure is similar to that of neuregulin 1, another member of the neuregulin family of ligands. The products of these genes mediate distinct biological processes by acting at different sites in tissues and eliciting different biological responses in cells. This gene is located close to the region for demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease locus, but is not responsible for this disease. Alternative transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| MBP | myelin basic protein|The protein encoded by the classic MBP gene is a major constituent of the myelin sheath of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in the nervous system. However, MBP-related transcripts are also present in the bone marrow and the immune system. These mRNAs arise from the long MBP gene (otherwise called "Golli-MBP") that contains 3 additional exons located upstream of the classic MBP exons. Alternative splicing from the Golli and the MBP transcription start sites gives rise to 2 sets of MBP-related transcripts and gene products. The Golli mRNAs contain 3 exons unique to Golli-MBP, spliced in-frame to 1 or more MBP exons. They encode hybrid proteins that have N-terminal Golli aa sequence linked to MBP aa sequence. The second family of transcripts contain only MBP exons and produce the well characterized myelin basic proteins. This complex gene structure is conserved among species suggesting that the MBP transcription unit is an integral part of the Golli transcription unit and that this arrangement is important for the function and/or regulation of these genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NRG4 | neuregulin 4|The neuregulins, including NRG4, activate type-1 growth factor receptors (see EGFR; MIM 131550) to initiating cell-to-cell signaling through tyrosine phosphorylation (Harari et al., 1999 [PubMed 10348342]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| GAA | glucosidase, alpha; acid|This gene encodes acid alpha-glucosidase, which is essential for the degradation of glycogen to glucose in lysosomes. Different forms of acid alpha-glucosidase are obtained by proteolytic processing. Defects in this gene are the cause of glycogen storage disease II, also known as Pompe's disease, which is an autosomal recessive disorder with a broad clinical spectrum. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PTAR1 | protein prenyltransferase alpha subunit repeat containing 1| |
| NPBWR1 | neuropeptides B/W receptor 1| |
| NRGN | neurogranin (protein kinase C substrate, RC3)|Neurogranin (NRGN) is the human homolog of the neuron-specific rat RC3/neurogranin gene. This gene encodes a postsynaptic protein kinase substrate that binds calmodulin in the absence of calcium. The NRGN gene contains four exons and three introns. The exons 1 and 2 encode the protein and exons 3 and 4 contain untranslated sequences. It is suggested that the NRGN is a direct target for thyroid hormone in human brain, and that control of expression of this gene could underlay many of the consequences of hypothyroidism on mental states during development as well as in adult subjects. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SUV39H1 | suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1 (Drosophila)|This gene encodes an evolutionarily-conserved protein containing an N-terminal chromodomain and a C-terminal SET domain. The encoded protein is a histone methyltransferase that trimethylates lysine 9 of histone H3, which results in transcriptional gene silencing. Loss of function of this gene disrupts heterochromatin formation and may cause chromosome instability. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| ASPRV1 | aspartic peptidase, retroviral-like 1| |
| TFCP2L1 | transcription factor CP2-like 1| |
| MCHR2 | melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 2| |
| SLC18B1 | solute carrier family 18, subfamily B, member 1|This gene encodes a protein, which has high sequence similarity to rat, xenopus and zebrafish proteins. The protein function is unknown. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAB11B | RAB11B, member RAS oncogene family|The Ras superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins, which includes the Ras (see MIM 190020), Ral (see MIM 179550), Rho (see MIM 165390), Rap (see MIM 179520), and Rab (see MIM 179508) families, is involved in controlling a diverse set of essential cellular functions. The Rab family, including RAB11B, appears to play a critical role in regulating exocytotic and endocytotic pathways (summary by Zhu et al., 1994 [PubMed 7811277]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| NUMB | numb homolog (Drosophila)|The protein encoded by this gene plays a role in the determination of cell fates during development. The encoded protein, whose degradation is induced in a proteasome-dependent manner by MDM2, is a membrane-bound protein that has been shown to associate with EPS15, LNX1, and NOTCH1. Four transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| XYLT1 | xylosyltransferase I|This locus encodes a xylosyltransferase enzyme. The encoded protein catalyzes transfer of UDP-xylose to serine residues of an acceptor protein substrate. This transfer reaction is necessary for biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycan chains. Mutations in this gene have been associated with increased severity of pseudoxanthoma elasticum.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| SFMBT1 | Scm-like with four mbt domains 1|This gene shares high similarity with the Drosophila Scm (sex comb on midleg) gene. It encodes a protein which contains four malignant brain tumor repeat (mbt) domains and may be involved in antigen recognition. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| SERPINA5 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the serpin family of proteins, a group of proteins that inhibit serine proteases. This gene is one in a cluster of serpin genes located on the q arm of chromosome 14. This family member is a glycoprotein that can inhibit several serine proteases, including protein C and various plasminogen activators and kallikreins, and it thus plays diverse roles in hemostasis and thrombosis in multiple organs. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| RGS7BP | regulator of G-protein signaling 7 binding protein|This gene encodes a protein that binds to all members of the R7 subfamily of regulators of G protein signaling and regulates their translocation between the nucleus and the plasma membrane. The encoded protein could be regulated by reversible palmitoylation, which anchors it to the plasma membrane. Depalmitoylation localizes the protein to the nucleus. Polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with risk of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| HCFC1 | host cell factor C1|This gene is a member of the host cell factor family and encodes a protein with five Kelch repeats, a fibronectin-like motif, and six HCF repeats, each of which contains a highly specific cleavage signal. This nuclear coactivator is proteolytically cleaved at one of the six possible sites, resulting in the creation of an N-terminal chain and the corresponding C-terminal chain. The final form of this protein consists of noncovalently bound N- and C-terminal chains. The protein is involved in control of the cell cycle and transcriptional regulation during herpes simplex virus infection. Alternatively spliced variants which encode different protein isoforms have been described; however, not all variants have been fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HRASLS | HRAS-like suppressor| |
| SERPINA7 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 7|There are three proteins including thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), transthyretin and albumin responsible for carrying the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) in the bloodstream. This gene encodes the major thyroid hormone transport protein, TBG, in serum. It belongs to the serpin family in genomics, but the protein has no inhibitory function like many other members of the serpin family. Mutations in this gene result in TGB deficiency, which has been classified as partial deficiency, complete deficiency, and excess, based on the level of serum TBG. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found, but the full-length nature of these variants has not been determined.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| CYC1 | cytochrome c-1|This gene encodes a subunit of the cytochrome bc1 complex, which plays an important role in the mitochondrial respiratory chain by transferring electrons from the Rieske iron-sulfur protein to cytochrome c. Mutations in this gene may cause mitochondrial complex III deficiency, nuclear type 6. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| PON3 | paraoxonase 3|This gene is a member of the paraoxonase family and lies in a cluster on chromosome 7 with the other two family members. The encoded protein is secreted into the bloodstream and associates with high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The protein also rapidly hydrolyzes lactones and can inhibit the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a function that is believed to slow the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Alternatively spliced variants which encode different protein isoforms have been described; however, only one has been fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PON2 | paraoxonase 2|This gene encodes a member of the paraoxonase gene family, which includes three known members located adjacent to each other on the long arm of chromosome 7. The encoded protein is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues, membrane-bound, and may act as a cellular antioxidant, protecting cells from oxidative stress. Hydrolytic activity against acylhomoserine lactones, important bacterial quorum-sensing mediators, suggests the encoded protein may also play a role in defense responses to pathogenic bacteria. Mutations in this gene may be associated with vascular disease and a number of quantitative phenotypes related to diabetes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COMMD10 | COMM domain containing 10| |
| CPNE3 | copine III|Calcium-dependent membrane-binding proteins may regulate molecular events at the interface of the cell membrane and cytoplasm. This gene encodes a protein which contains two type II C2 domains in the amino-terminus and an A domain-like sequence in the carboxy-terminus. The A domain mediates interactions between integrins and extracellular ligands. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| TFCP2 | transcription factor CP2|This gene encodes a transcription factor that binds the alpha-globin promoter and activates transcription of the alpha-globin gene. The encoded protein regulates erythroid gene expression, plays a role in the transcriptional switch of globin gene promoters, and it activates many other cellular and viral gene promoters. The gene product interacts with certain inflammatory response factors, and polymorphisms of this gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| RPH3A | rabphilin 3A|Exocytosis of neurotransmitters and hormones is fundamental to synaptic neurotransmission and cell-cell communication. RAB3A (MIM 179390) is a small G protein that is thought to act at late stages of exocytosis, and RPH3A is a RAB3A effector (Lin et al., 2007 [PubMed 17149709]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2008] |
| SPATA2L | spermatogenesis associated 2-like| |
| PASD1 | PAS domain containing 1|This gene encodes a protein that is thought to function as a transcription factor. The protein is a cancer-associated antigen that can stimulate autologous T-cell responses, and it is therefore considered to be a potential immunotherapeutic target for the treatment of various hematopoietic malignancies, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| HTR1E | 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1E, G protein-coupled| |
| HTR1F | 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1F, G protein-coupled| |
| HTR1A | 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A, G protein-coupled|This gene encodes a G protein-coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), and belongs to the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subfamily. Serotonin has been implicated in a number of physiologic processes and pathologic conditions. Inactivation of this gene in mice results in behavior consistent with an increased anxiety and stress response. Mutation in the promoter of this gene has been associated with menstrual cycle-dependent periodic fevers. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| CKAP4 | cytoskeleton-associated protein 4| |
| CKAP5 | cytoskeleton associated protein 5|This gene encodes a cytoskeleton-associated protein which belongs to the TOG/XMAP215 family. The N-terminal half of this protein contains a microtubule-binding domain and the C-terminal half contains a KXGS motif for binding tubulin dimers. This protein has two distinct roles in spindle formation; it protects kinetochore microtubules from depolymerization and plays an essential role in centrosomal microtubule assembly. This protein may be necessary for the proper interaction of microtubules with the cell cortex for directional cell movement. It also plays a role in translation of the myelin basic protein (MBP) mRNA by interacting with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2, which associates with MBP. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| BCL2L1 | BCL2-like 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the BCL-2 protein family. BCL-2 family members form hetero- or homodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. The proteins encoded by this gene are located at the outer mitochondrial membrane, and have been shown to regulate outer mitochondrial membrane channel (VDAC) opening. VDAC regulates mitochondrial membrane potential, and thus controls the production of reactive oxygen species and release of cytochrome C by mitochondria, both of which are the potent inducers of cell apoptosis. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants, which encode distinct isoforms, have been reported. The longer isoform acts as an apoptotic inhibitor and the shorter form acts as an apoptotic activator. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TCF20 | transcription factor 20 (AR1)|This gene encodes a transcription factor that recognizes the platelet-derived growth factor-responsive element in the matrix metalloproteinase 3 promoter. The encoded protein is thought to be a transcriptional coactivator, enhancing the activity of transcription factors such as JUN and SP1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| HS3ST3A1 | heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 3A1|Heparan sulfate biosynthetic enzymes are key components in generating a myriad of distinct heparan sulfate fine structures that carry out multiple biologic activities. The enzyme encoded by this gene is a member of the heparan sulfate biosynthetic enzyme family. It is a type II integral membrane protein and possesses heparan sulfate glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase activity. The sulfotransferase domain of this enzyme is highly similar to the same domain of heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase 3B1, and these two enzymes sulfate an identical disaccharide. This gene is widely expressed, with the most abundant expression in liver and placenta. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| PNMA6B | paraneoplastic Ma antigen family member 6B (pseudogene)| |
| SLC34A1 | solute carrier family 34 (type II sodium/phosphate cotransporter), member 1|This gene encodes a member of the type II sodium-phosphate cotransporter family. Mutations in this gene are associated with hypophosphatemia nephrolithiasis/osteoporosis 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| SCO2 | SCO2 cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein|Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyzes the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen, which helps to maintain the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane that is necessary for aerobic ATP production. Human COX is a multimeric protein complex that requires several assembly factors; this gene encodes one of the COX assembly factors. The encoded protein is a metallochaperone that is involved in the biogenesis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II. Mutations in this gene are associated with fatal infantile encephalocardiomyopathy and myopia 6. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| SCO1 | SCO1 cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein|Mammalian cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyzes the transfer of reducing equivalents from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen and pumps protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. In yeast, 2 related COX assembly genes, SCO1 and SCO2 (synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase), enable subunits 1 and 2 to be incorporated into the holoprotein. This gene is the human homolog to the yeast SCO1 gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| USP17L28 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 17-like family member 28| |
| RBM15B | RNA binding motif protein 15B|Members of the SPEN (Split-end) family of proteins, including RBM15B, have repressor function in several signaling pathways and may bind to RNA through interaction with spliceosome components (Hiriart et al., 2005 [PubMed 16129689]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2009] |
| UGP2 | UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2|The enzyme encoded by this gene is an important intermediary in mammalian carbohydrate interconversions. It transfers a glucose moiety from glucose-1-phosphate to MgUTP and forms UDP-glucose and MgPPi. In liver and muscle tissue, UDP-glucose is a direct precursor of glycogen; in lactating mammary gland it is converted to UDP-galactose which is then converted to lactose. The eukaryotic enzyme has no significant sequence similarity to the prokaryotic enzyme. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPINT2 | serine peptidase inhibitor, Kunitz type, 2|This gene encodes a transmembrane protein with two extracellular Kunitz domains that inhibits a variety of serine proteases. The protein inhibits HGF activator which prevents the formation of active hepatocyte growth factor. This gene is a putative tumor suppressor, and mutations in this gene result in congenital sodium diarrhea. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| SPINT3 | serine peptidase inhibitor, Kunitz type, 3| |
| GPR143 | G protein-coupled receptor 143|This gene encodes a protein that binds to heterotrimeric G proteins and is targeted to melanosomes in pigment cells. This protein is thought to be involved in intracellular signal transduction mechanisms. Mutations in this gene cause ocular albinism type 1, also referred to as Nettleship-Falls type ocular albinism, a severe visual disorder. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome Y. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| SPINT1 | serine peptidase inhibitor, Kunitz type 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Kunitz family of serine protease inhibitors. The protein is a potent inhibitor specific for HGF activator and is thought to be involved in the regulation of the proteolytic activation of HGF in injured tissues. Alternative splicing results in multiple variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC38A10 | solute carrier family 38, member 10| |
| ITSN1 | intersectin 1 (SH3 domain protein)|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytoplasmic membrane-associated protein that indirectly coordinates endocytic membrane traffic with the actin assembly machinery. In addition, the encoded protein may regulate the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles and could be involved in synaptic vesicle recycling. This protein has been shown to interact with dynamin, CDC42, SNAP23, SNAP25, SPIN90, EPS15, EPN1, EPN2, and STN2. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature of only two of them have been characterized so far. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NDST1 | N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase (heparan glucosaminyl) 1|This gene encodes a member of the heparan sulfate/heparin GlcNAc N-deacetylase/ N-sulfotransferase family. The encoded enzyme is a type II transmembrane protein that resides in the Golgi apparatus. The encoded protein catalyzes the transfer of sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to nitrogen of glucosamine in heparan sulfate. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| NDST2 | N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase (heparan glucosaminyl) 2|This gene encodes a member of the N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase subfamily of the sulfotransferase 1 proteins. The encoded enzyme has dual functions in processing glucosamine and heparin polymers, including N-deacetylation and N-sulfation. The encoded protein may be localized to the Golgi. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| ITSN2 | intersectin 2|This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein which contains SH3 domains. This protein is a member of a family of proteins involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Intersectin 2 is thought to regulate the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles and also may function in the induction of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) endocytosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene that encode three distinct isoforms. Additional variants have been found but their full length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MMADHC | methylmalonic aciduria (cobalamin deficiency) cblD type, with homocystinuria|This gene encodes a mitochondrial protein that is involved in an early step of vitamin B12 metabolism. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is essential for normal development and survival in humans. Mutations in this gene cause methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria type cblD (MMADHC), a disorder of cobalamin metabolism that is characterized by decreased levels of the coenzymes adenosylcobalamin and methylcobalamin. Pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 11 and X.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| PRAF2 | PRA1 domain family, member 2| |
| ZNF668 | zinc finger protein 668| |
| ZNF669 | zinc finger protein 669| |
| KHK | ketohexokinase (fructokinase)|This gene encodes ketohexokinase that catalyzes conversion of fructose to fructose-1-phosphate. The product of this gene is the first enzyme with a specialized pathway that catabolizes dietary fructose. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CEP350 | centrosomal protein 350kDa|The product of this gene is a large protein with a CAP-Gly domain typically found in cytoskeleton-associated proteins. The encoded protein primarily localizes to the centrosome, a non-membraneous organelle that functions as the major microtubule-organizing center in animal cells. The encoded protein directly interacts with another large centrosomal protein and is required to anchor microtubules at the centrosome. It is also implicated in the regulation of a class of nuclear hormone receptors in the nucleus. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, but their full-length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF660 | zinc finger protein 660| |
| ZNF664 | zinc finger protein 664| |
| ZNF665 | zinc finger protein 665| |
| ZNF667 | zinc finger protein 667| |
| SCAMP4 | secretory carrier membrane protein 4|Secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs) are widely distributed integral membrane proteins implicated in membrane trafficking. Most SCAMPs (e.g., SCAMP1; MIM 606911) have N-terminal cytoplasmic NPF (arg-pro-phe) repeats, 4 central transmembrane regions, and a short C-terminal cytoplasmic tail. These SCAMPs likely have a role in endocytosis that is mediated by their NPF repeats. Other SCAMPs, such as SCAMP4, lack the NPF repeats and are therefore unlikely to function in endocytosis (summary by Fernandez-Chacon and Sudhof, 2000 [PubMed 11050114]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2011] |
| SCAMP5 | secretory carrier membrane protein 5| |
| SCAMP2 | secretory carrier membrane protein 2|This gene product belongs to the SCAMP family of proteins which are secretory carrier membrane proteins. They function as carriers to the cell surface in post-golgi recycling pathways. Different family members are highly related products of distinct genes, and are usually expressed together. These findings suggest that the SCAMPs may function at the same site during vesicular transport rather than in separate pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SCAMP3 | secretory carrier membrane protein 3|This gene encodes an integral membrane protein that belongs to the secretory carrier membrane protein family. The encoded protein functions as a carrier to the cell surface in post-golgi recycling pathways. This protein is also involved in protein trafficking in endosomal pathways. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| SCAMP1 | secretory carrier membrane protein 1|This gene product belongs to the SCAMP family of proteins, which are secretory carrier membrane proteins. They function as carriers to the cell surface in post-golgi recycling pathways. Different family members are highly related products of distinct genes, and are usually expressed together. These findings suggest that these protein family members may function at the same site during vesicular transport rather than in separate pathways. A pseudogene of this gene has been defined on chromosome 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| CELA3A | chymotrypsin-like elastase family, member 3A|Elastases form a subfamily of serine proteases that hydrolyze many proteins in addition to elastin. Humans have six elastase genes which encode the structurally similar proteins elastase 1, 2, 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B. Unlike other elastases, elastase 3A has little elastolytic activity. Like most of the human elastases, elastase 3A is secreted from the pancreas as a zymogen and, like other serine proteases such as trypsin, chymotrypsin and kallikrein, it has a digestive function in the intestine. Elastase 3A preferentially cleaves proteins after alanine residues. Elastase 3A may also function in the intestinal transport and metabolism of cholesterol. Both elastase 3A and elastase 3B have been referred to as protease E and as elastase 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NEGR1 | neuronal growth regulator 1| |
| C7orf43 | chromosome 7 open reading frame 43| |
| TSPAN1 | tetraspanin 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TSPAN6 | tetraspanin 6|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. The protein encoded by this gene is a cell surface glycoprotein and is highly similar in sequence to the transmembrane 4 superfamily member 2 protein. It functions as a negative regulator of retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptor-mediated immune signaling via its interaction with the mitochondrial antiviral signaling-centered signalosome. This gene uses alternative polyadenylation sites, and multiple transcript variants result from alternative splicing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| TSPAN7 | tetraspanin 7|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein and may have a role in the control of neurite outgrowth. It is known to complex with integrins. This gene is associated with X-linked mental retardation and neuropsychiatric diseases such as Huntington's chorea, fragile X syndrome and myotonic dystrophy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TSPAN4 | tetraspanin 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein and is similar in sequence to its family member CD53 antigen. It is known to complex with integrins and other transmembrane 4 superfamily proteins. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TSPAN5 | tetraspanin 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPS16 | ribosomal protein S16|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S9P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TSPAN8 | tetraspanin 8|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins. This gene is expressed in different carcinomas. The use of alternate polyadenylation sites has been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NXN | nucleoredoxin| |
| FAM193A | family with sequence similarity 193, member A| |
| FAM193B | family with sequence similarity 193, member B| |
| ZNF444 | zinc finger protein 444|This gene encodes a zinc finger protein which activates transcription of a scavenger receptor gene involved in the degradation of acetylated low density lipoprotein (Ac-LDL) (PMID: 11978792). This gene is located in a cluster of zinc finger genes on chromosome 19 at q13.4. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 15. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| ZNF445 | zinc finger protein 445| |
| ZNF446 | zinc finger protein 446| |
| SCOC | short coiled-coil protein|This gene encodes a short coiled-coiled domain-containing protein that localizes to the Golgi apparatus. The encoded protein interacts with ADP-ribosylation factor-like proteins. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 1 and 14. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| ZNF441 | zinc finger protein 441| |
| ZNF442 | zinc finger protein 442| |
| RPS6 | ribosomal protein S6|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a cytoplasmic ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S6E family of ribosomal proteins. It is the major substrate of protein kinases in the ribosome, with subsets of five C-terminal serine residues phosphorylated by different protein kinases. Phosphorylation is induced by a wide range of stimuli, including growth factors, tumor-promoting agents, and mitogens. Dephosphorylation occurs at growth arrest. The protein may contribute to the control of cell growth and proliferation through the selective translation of particular classes of mRNA. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF449 | zinc finger protein 449|This gene encodes a nuclear protein that likely functions as a transcription factor. The protein includes an N-terminal SCAN domain, and seven C2H2-type zinc finger motifs. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| EPSTI1 | epithelial stromal interaction 1 (breast)| |
| L3MBTL1 | l(3)mbt-like 1 (Drosophila)|This gene represents a polycomb group gene. The encoded protein functions to regulate gene activity, likely via chromatin modification. The encoded protein may also be necessary for mitosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| GFRA4 | GDNF family receptor alpha 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the GDNF receptor family. It is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol(GPI)-linked cell surface receptor for persephin, and mediates activation of the RET tyrosine kinase receptor. This gene is a candidate gene for RET-associated diseases. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| L3MBTL3 | l(3)mbt-like 3 (Drosophila)| |
| PPIP5K1 | diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinase 1|This gene encodes a dual functional inositol kinase. The encoded enzyme converts inositol hexakisphosphate to diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate and diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate to bis-diphosphoinositol tetrakisphosphate. This protein may be important for intracellular signaling pathways. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 15.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| GFRA1 | GDNF family receptor alpha 1|Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin (NTN) are two structurally related, potent neurotrophic factors that play key roles in the control of neuron survival and differentiation. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the GDNF receptor family. It is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol(GPI)-linked cell surface receptor for both GDNF and NTN, and mediates activation of the RET tyrosine kinase receptor. This gene is a candidate gene for Hirschsprung disease. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| L3MBTL4 | l(3)mbt-like 4 (Drosophila)| |
| GFRA3 | GDNF family receptor alpha 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol(GPI)-linked cell surface receptor and a member of the GDNF receptor family. It forms a signaling receptor complex with RET tyrosine kinase receptor and binds the ligand, artemin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARID1B | AT rich interactive domain 1B (SWI1-like)|This locus encodes an AT-rich DNA interacting domain-containing protein. The encoded protein is a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and may play a role in cell-cycle activation. The protein encoded by this locus is similar to AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A. These two proteins function as alternative, mutually exclusive ARID-subunits of the SWI/SNF complex. The associated complexes play opposing roles. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| ADAMTS15 | ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 15|This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. ADAMTS family members share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The protein encoded by this gene has a high sequence similarity to the proteins encoded by ADAMTS1 and ADAMTS8. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OFCC1 | orofacial cleft 1 candidate 1| |
| CINP | cyclin-dependent kinase 2 interacting protein|The protein encoded by this gene is reported to be a component of the DNA replication complex as well as a genome-maintenance protein. It may interact with proteins important for replication initiation and has been shown to bind chromatin at the G1 phase of the cell cycle and dissociate from chromatin with replication initiation. It may also serve to regulate checkpoint signaling as part of the DNA damage response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| ADAMTS14 | ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 14|This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. This gene is highly similar to two family members, ADAMTS2 and ADAMTS3, in its sequence and gene structure, and the encoded protein shares the aminoprocollagen peptidase activity with the protein products encoded by ADAMTS2 and ADAMTS3. Various transcript variants of this gene have been identified. They result from the use of two different promoters and transcription initiation sites as well as alternative splicing sites. The full length nature of some transcripts has not been defined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RASD2 | RASD family, member 2|This gene encodes a Ras-related protein that enriched in striatum. The product of this gene binds to GTP and possesses intrinsic GTPase activity. The gene belongs to the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. The exact function of this gene is unknown, but most striatum-specific mRNAs characterized to date encode components of signal transduction cascades. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AFAP1L2 | actin filament associated protein 1-like 2| |
| EP300 | E1A binding protein p300|This gene encodes the adenovirus E1A-associated cellular p300 transcriptional co-activator protein. It functions as histone acetyltransferase that regulates transcription via chromatin remodeling and is important in the processes of cell proliferation and differentiation. It mediates cAMP-gene regulation by binding specifically to phosphorylated CREB protein. This gene has also been identified as a co-activator of HIF1A (hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha), and thus plays a role in the stimulation of hypoxia-induced genes such as VEGF. Defects in this gene are a cause of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome and may also play a role in epithelial cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCMT1 | protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase|This gene encodes a member of the type II class of protein carboxyl methyltransferase enzymes. The encoded enzyme plays a role in protein repair by recognizing and converting D-aspartyl and L-isoaspartyl residues resulting from spontaneous deamidation back to the normal L-aspartyl form. The encoded protein may play a protective role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with spina bifida and premature ovarian failure. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| VDAC3 | voltage-dependent anion channel 3|This gene encodes a voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), and belongs to the mitochondrial porin family. VDACs are small, integral membrane proteins that traverse the outer mitochondrial membrane and conduct ATP and other small metabolites. They are known to bind several kinases of intermediary metabolism, thought to be involved in translocation of adenine nucleotides, and are hypothesized to form part of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, which results in the release of cytochrome c at the onset of apoptotic cell death. Alternatively transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| SLAIN1 | SLAIN motif family, member 1| |
| C9orf3 | chromosome 9 open reading frame 3|This gene encodes a member of the M1 zinc aminopeptidase family. The encoded protein is a zinc-dependent metallopeptidase that catalyzes the removal of an amino acid from the amino terminus of a protein or peptide. This protein may play a role in the generation of angiotensin IV. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| VDAC2 | voltage-dependent anion channel 2|This gene encodes a member of the voltage-dependent anion channel pore-forming family of proteins that are considered the main pathway for metabolite diffusion across the mitochondrial outer membrane. The encoded protein is also thought to be involved in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway via regulation of BCL2-antagonist/killer 1 protein activity. Pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 12 and 21, and alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| PSENEN | presenilin enhancer gamma secretase subunit|Presenilins, which are components of the gamma-secretase protein complex, are required for intramembranous processing of some type I transmembrane proteins, such as the Notch proteins and the beta-amyloid precursor protein. Signaling by Notch receptors mediates a wide range of developmental cell fates. Processing of the beta-amyloid precursor protein generates neurotoxic amyloid beta peptides, the major component of senile plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease. This gene encodes a protein that is required for Notch pathway signaling, and for the activity and accumulation of gamma-secretase. Mutations resulting in haploinsufficiency for this gene cause familial acne inversa-2 (ACNINV2). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| EGR1 | early growth response 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the EGR family of C2H2-type zinc-finger proteins. It is a nuclear protein and functions as a transcriptional regulator. The products of target genes it activates are required for differentitation and mitogenesis. Studies suggest this is a cancer suppressor gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| C9orf9 | chromosome 9 open reading frame 9| |
| FAM177A1 | family with sequence similarity 177, member A1| |
| AP4S1 | adaptor-related protein complex 4, sigma 1 subunit|This gene encodes a member of the adaptor complexes small subunit protein family. These proteins are components of the heterotetrameric adaptor protein complexes, which play important roles in the secretory and endocytic pathways by mediating vesicle formation and sorting of integral membrane proteins. The encoded protein is the small subunit of adaptor protein complex-4, which is associated with both clathrin- and nonclathrin-coated vesicles. Mutations in this gene are associated with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy-6. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| CPA3 | carboxypeptidase A3 (mast cell)|Three different forms of human pancreatic procarboxypeptidase A have been isolated. This gene encodes a form which is obtained as a binary complex of a procarboxypeptidase A with proproteinase E and functions as a secretory granule metalloexopeptidase. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| FAM175B | family with sequence similarity 175, member B| |
| CPA1 | carboxypeptidase A1 (pancreatic)|This gene encodes a member of the carboxypeptidase A family of zinc metalloproteases. This enzyme is produced in the pancreas and preferentially cleaves C-terminal branched-chain and aromatic amino acids from dietary proteins. This gene and several family members are present in a gene cluster on chromosome 7. Mutations in this gene may be linked to chronic pancreatitis, while elevated protein levels may be associated with pancreatic cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| THBS2 | thrombospondin 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the thrombospondin family. It is a disulfide-linked homotrimeric glycoprotein that mediates cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions. This protein has been shown to function as a potent inhibitor of tumor growth and angiogenesis. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggest that this protein may modulate the cell surface properties of mesenchymal cells and be involved in cell adhesion and migration. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| THBS3 | thrombospondin 3|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the thrombospondin family. Thrombospondin family members are adhesive glycoproteins that mediate cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions. This protein forms a pentameric molecule linked by a single disulfide bond. This gene shares a common promoter with metaxin 1. Alternate splicing results in coding and non-coding transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| CPA4 | carboxypeptidase A4|This gene is a member of the carboxypeptidase A/B subfamily, and it is located in a cluster with three other family members on chromosome 7. Carboxypeptidases are zinc-containing exopeptidases that catalyze the release of carboxy-terminal amino acids, and are synthesized as zymogens that are activated by proteolytic cleavage. This gene could be involved in the histone hyperacetylation pathway. It is imprinted and may be a strong candidate gene for prostate cancer aggressiveness. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| THBS1 | thrombospondin 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of a disulfide-linked homotrimeric protein. This protein is an adhesive glycoprotein that mediates cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions. This protein can bind to fibrinogen, fibronectin, laminin, type V collagen and integrins alpha-V/beta-1. This protein has been shown to play roles in platelet aggregation, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PVRL1 | poliovirus receptor-related 1 (herpesvirus entry mediator C)|This gene encodes an adhesion protein that plays a role in the organization of adherens junctions and tight junctions in epithelial and endothelial cells. The protein is a calcium(2+)-independent cell-cell adhesion molecule that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and has 3 extracellular immunoglobulin-like loops, a single transmembrane domain (in some isoforms), and a cytoplasmic region. This protein acts as a receptor for glycoprotein D (gD) of herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2), and pseudorabies virus (PRV) and mediates viral entry into epithelial and neuronal cells. Mutations in this gene cause cleft lip and palate/ectodermal dysplasia 1 syndrome (CLPED1) as well as non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding proteins with distinct C-termini. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| PVRL3 | poliovirus receptor-related 3|This gene encodes a member of the nectin family of proteins, which function as adhesion molecules at adherens junctions. This family member interacts with other nectin-like proteins and with afadin, a filamentous actin-binding protein involved in the regulation of directional motility, cell proliferation and survival. This gene plays a role in ocular development involving the ciliary body. Mutations in this gene are believed to result in congenital ocular defects. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| PVRL2 | poliovirus receptor-related 2 (herpesvirus entry mediator B)|This gene encodes a single-pass type I membrane glycoprotein with two Ig-like C2-type domains and an Ig-like V-type domain. This protein is one of the plasma membrane components of adherens junctions. It also serves as an entry for certain mutant strains of herpes simplex virus and pseudorabies virus, and it is involved in cell to cell spreading of these viruses. Variations in this gene have been associated with differences in the severity of multiple sclerosis. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OSM | oncostatin M|Oncostatin M is a member of a cytokine family that includes leukemia-inhibitory factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin 6. This gene encodes a growth regulator which inhibits the proliferation of a number of tumor cell lines. It regulates cytokine production, including IL-6, G-CSF and GM-CSF from endothelial cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PVRL4 | poliovirus receptor-related 4|This gene encodes a member of the nectin family. The encoded protein contains two immunoglobulin-like (Ig-like) C2-type domains and one Ig-like V-type domain. It is involved in cell adhesion through trans-homophilic and -heterophilic interactions. It is a single-pass type I membrane protein. The soluble form is produced by proteolytic cleavage at the cell surface by the metalloproteinase ADAM17/TACE. The secreted form is found in both breast tumor cell lines and breast tumor patients. Mutations in this gene are the cause of ectodermal dysplasia-syndactyly syndrome type 1, an autosomal recessive disorder. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found but the full-length nature of the variant has not been determined.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| ATG9A | autophagy related 9A| |
| ZFC3H1 | zinc finger, C3H1-type containing| |
| OS9 | osteosarcoma amplified 9, endoplasmic reticulum lectin|This gene encodes a protein that is highly expressed in osteosarcomas. This protein binds to the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a key regulator of the hypoxic response and angiogenesis, and promotes the degradation of one of its subunits. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UMOD | uromodulin|The protein encoded by this gene is the most abundant protein in mammalian urine under physiological conditions. Its excretion in urine follows proteolytic cleavage of the ectodomain of its glycosyl phosphatidylinosital-anchored counterpart that is situated on the luminal cell surface of the loop of Henle. This protein may act as a constitutive inhibitor of calcium crystallization in renal fluids. Excretion of this protein in urine may provide defense against urinary tract infections caused by uropathogenic bacteria. Defects in this gene are associated with the renal disorders medullary cystic kidney disease-2 (MCKD2), glomerulocystic kidney disease with hyperuricemia and isosthenuria (GCKDHI), and familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy (FJHN). Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| SH2D4A | SH2 domain containing 4A| |
| YEATS4 | YEATS domain containing 4|The protein encoded by this gene is found in the nucleoli. It has high sequence homology to human MLLT1, and yeast and human MLLT3 proteins. Both MLLT1 and MLLT3 proteins belong to a class of transcription factors, indicating that the encoded protein might also represent a transcription factor. This protein is thought to be required for RNA transcription. This gene has been shown to be amplified in tumors. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| LNX1 | ligand of numb-protein X 1, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This gene encodes a membrane-bound protein that is involved in signal transduction and protein interactions. The encoded product is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, which mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of proteins containing phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domains. This protein may play an important role in tumorogenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. A pseudogene, which is located on chromosome 17, has been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STAG2 | stromal antigen 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the cohesin complex, which regulates the separation of sister chromatids during cell division. Targeted inactivation of this gene results in chromatid cohesion defects and aneuploidy, suggesting that genetic disruption of cohesin is a cause of aneuploidy in human cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| STAG3 | stromal antigen 3|The protein encoded by this gene is expressed in the nucleus and is a subunit of the cohesin complex which regulates the cohesion of sister chromatids during cell division. A mutation in this gene is associated with premature ovarian failure. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. This gene has multiple pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| IFT74 | intraflagellar transport 74| |
| MYL10 | myosin, light chain 10, regulatory| |
| DSTN | destrin (actin depolymerizing factor)|The product of this gene belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family. This family of proteins is responsible for enhancing the turnover rate of actin in vivo. This gene encodes the actin depolymerizing protein that severs actin filaments (F-actin) and binds to actin monomers (G-actin). Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NPHS2 | nephrosis 2, idiopathic, steroid-resistant (podocin)|This gene encodes a protein that plays a role in the regulation of glomerular permeability. Mutations in this gene cause steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| C14orf166 | chromosome 14 open reading frame 166| |
| NAPA | N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein, alpha|This gene encodes a member of the soluble NSF attachment protein (SNAP) family. SNAP proteins play a critical role in the docking and fusion of vesicles to target membranes as part of the 20S NSF-SNAP-SNARE complex. The encoded protein plays a role in the completion of membrane fusion by mediating the interaction of N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) with the vesicle-associated and membrane-associated SNAP receptor (SNARE) complex, and stimulating the ATPase activity of NSF. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| ASMTL | acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase-like|The protein encoded by this gene has an N-terminus that is similar to the multicopy associated filamentation (maf) protein of Bacillus subtilis and to orfE of Escherichia coli, while the C-terminus is similar to N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase. This gene is located in the pseudoautosomal region 1 (PAR1) of X and Y chromosomes. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| KRT6A | keratin 6A, type II|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. As many as six of this type II cytokeratin (KRT6) have been identified; the multiplicity of the genes is attributed to successive gene duplication events. The genes are expressed with family members KRT16 and/or KRT17 in the filiform papillae of the tongue, the stratified epithelial lining of oral mucosa and esophagus, the outer root sheath of hair follicles, and the glandular epithelia. This KRT6 gene in particular encodes the most abundant isoform. Mutations in these genes have been associated with pachyonychia congenita. In addition, peptides from the C-terminal region of the protein have antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogens. The type II cytokeratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q12-q13. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| YIPF2 | Yip1 domain family, member 2| |
| ZNF195 | zinc finger protein 195|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the Krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. These family members are transcription factors that are implicated in a variety of cellular processes. This gene is located near the centromeric border of chromosome 11p15.5, next to an imprinted domain that is associated with maternal-specific loss of heterozygosity in Wilms' tumors. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| OSBP | oxysterol binding protein|Oxysterol binding protein is an intracellular protein that is believed to transport sterols from lysosomes to the nucleus where the sterol down-regulates the genes for the LDL receptor, HMG-CoA reductase, and HMG synthetase [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARG2 | arginase 2|Arginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine to ornithine and urea. At least two isoforms of mammalian arginase exists (types I and II) which differ in their tissue distribution, subcellular localization, immunologic crossreactivity and physiologic function. The type II isoform encoded by this gene, is located in the mitochondria and expressed in extra-hepatic tissues, especially kidney. The physiologic role of this isoform is poorly understood; it is thought to play a role in nitric oxide and polyamine metabolism. Transcript variants of the type II gene resulting from the use of alternative polyadenylation sites have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AAK1 | AP2 associated kinase 1|Adaptor-related protein complex 2 (AP-2 complexes) functions during receptor-mediated endocytosis to trigger clathrin assembly, interact with membrane-bound receptors, and recruit encodytic accessory factors. This gene encodes a member of the SNF1 subfamily of Ser/Thr protein kinases. The protein interacts with and phosphorylates a subunit of the AP-2 complex, which promotes binding of AP-2 to sorting signals found in membrane-bound receptors and subsequent receptor endocytosis. Its kinase activity is stimulated by clathrin. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM50A | transmembrane protein 50A|This gene is located in the RH gene locus, between the RHD and RHCE genes. The function of its protein product is unknown; however, its sequence has potential transmembrane domains suggesting that it may be an integral membrane protein. Its position between the RH genes suggests that polymorphisms in this gene may be tightly linked to RH haplotypes and may contribute to selective pressure for or against certain RH haplotypes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GMFG | glia maturation factor, gamma| |
| DCAF4L1 | DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 4-like 1| |
| CTAGE15 | CTAGE family, member 15| |
| CBLN4 | cerebellin 4 precursor|This gene encodes a member of a family of small secreted proteins containing C1Q domains. Members of this family are involved in regulation of neurexin signalling during synapse development. The mouse homolog of the protein encoded by this gene competes with netrin to bind to the deleted in colorectal cancer receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| EHD4 | EH-domain containing 4| |
| EHD3 | EH-domain containing 3| |
| EHD2 | EH-domain containing 2|This gene encodes a member of the EH domain-containing protein family. These proteins are characterized by a C-terminal EF-hand domain, a nucleotide-binding consensus site at the N terminus and a bipartite nuclear localization signal. The encoded protein interacts with the actin cytoskeleton through an N-terminal domain and also binds to an EH domain-binding protein through the C-terminal EH domain. This interaction appears to connect clathrin-dependent endocytosis to actin, suggesting that this gene product participates in the endocytic pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EHD1 | EH-domain containing 1|This gene belongs to a highly conserved gene family encoding EPS15 homology (EH) domain-containing proteins. The protein-binding EH domain was first noted in EPS15, a substrate for the epidermal growth factor receptor. The EH domain has been shown to be an important motif in proteins involved in protein-protein interactions and in intracellular sorting. The protein encoded by this gene is thought to play a role in the endocytosis of IGF1 receptors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| RPE65 | retinal pigment epithelium-specific protein 65kDa|This gene encodes a protein which is located in the retinal pigment epithelium and is involved in the production of 11-cis retinal and in visual pigment regeneration. There are two forms of this protein, a soluble form called sRPE65, and a palmitoylated, membrane-bound form known as mRPE65. mRPE65 serves as the palmitoyl donor for lecithin retinol acyl transferase (LRAT), the enzyme that catalyzes the vitamin A to all trans retinol step of the chromophore regeneration process. Both mRPE65 and sRPE65 also serve as regulatory proteins, with the ratio and concentrations of these molecules playing a role in the inhibition of 11-cis retinal synthesis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Leber congenital amaurosis type 2 (LCA2) and retinitis pigmentosa. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GDE1 | glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 1| |
| XKRX | XK, Kell blood group complex subunit-related, X-linked|This gene encodes a protein that is related to a component of the XK/Kell complex of the Kell blood group system. The encoded protein includes several transmembrane domains, is known to be exposed to the cell surface, and may function as a membrane transporter. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| OBFC1 | oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding fold containing 1|OBFC1 and C17ORF68 (MIM 613129) are subunits of an alpha accessory factor (AAF) that stimulates the activity of DNA polymerase-alpha-primase (see MIM 176636), the enzyme that initiates DNA replication (Casteel et al., 2009 [PubMed 19119139]). OBFC1 also appears to function in a telomere-associated complex with C17ORF68 and TEN1 (C17ORF106; MIM 613130) (Miyake et al., 2009 [PubMed 19854130]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2009] |
| GON4L | gon-4-like (C. elegans)| |
| ABL1 | ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase|This gene is a protooncogene that encodes a protein tyrosine kinase involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell division, adhesion, differentiation, and response to stress. The activity of the protein is negatively regulated by its SH3 domain, whereby deletion of the region encoding this domain results in an oncogene. The ubiquitously expressed protein has DNA-binding activity that is regulated by CDC2-mediated phosphorylation, suggesting a cell cycle function. This gene has been found fused to a variety of translocation partner genes in various leukemias, most notably the t(9;22) translocation that results in a fusion with the 5' end of the breakpoint cluster region gene (BCR; MIM:151410). Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants, which contain alternative first exons that are spliced to the remaining common exons. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014] |
| CASR | calcium-sensing receptor|The protein encoded by this gene is a G protein-coupled receptor that is expressed in the parathyroid hormone (PTH)-producing chief cells of the parathyroid gland, and the cells lining the kidney tubule. It senses small changes in circulating calcium concentration and couples this information to intracellular signaling pathways that modify PTH secretion or renal cation handling, thus this protein plays an essential role in maintaining mineral ion homeostasis. Mutations in this gene cause familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, familial, isolated hypoparathyroidism, and neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ABL2 | ABL proto-oncogene 2, non-receptor tyrosine kinase|This gene encodes a member of the Abelson family of nonreceptor tyrosine protein kinases. The protein is highly similar to the c-abl oncogene 1 protein, including the tyrosine kinase, SH2 and SH3 domains, and it plays a role in cytoskeletal rearrangements through its C-terminal F-actin- and microtubule-binding sequences. This gene is expressed in both normal and tumor cells, and is involved in translocation with the ets variant 6 gene in leukemia. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| VLDLR | very low density lipoprotein receptor|The low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene family consists of cell surface proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis of specific ligands. This gene encodes a lipoprotein receptor that is a member of the LDLR family and plays important roles in VLDL-triglyceride metabolism and the reelin signaling pathway. Mutations in this gene cause VLDLR-associated cerebellar hypoplasia. Alternative splicing generates multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| TMED7 | transmembrane emp24 protein transport domain containing 7| |
| IL9R | interleukin 9 receptor|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine receptor that specifically mediates the biological effects of interleukin 9 (IL9). The functional IL9 receptor complex requires this protein as well as the interleukin 2 receptor, gamma (IL2RG), a common gamma subunit shared by the receptors of many different cytokines. The ligand binding of this receptor leads to the activation of various JAK kinases and STAT proteins, which connect to different biologic responses. This gene is located at the pseudoautosomal regions of X and Y chromosomes. Genetic studies suggested an association of this gene with the development of asthma. Multiple pseudogenes on chromosome 9, 10, 16, and 18 have been described. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMED4 | transmembrane emp24 protein transport domain containing 4| |
| TMED3 | transmembrane emp24 protein transport domain containing 3| |
| TMED2 | transmembrane emp24 domain trafficking protein 2| |
| TMED1 | transmembrane emp24 protein transport domain containing 1|This gene belongs to the TMED (transmembrane emp24 domain-containing) protein family, which is involved in the vesicular trafficking of proteins. The protein encoded by this gene was identified by its interaction with interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1) and may play a role in innate immunity. This protein lacks any similarity to other interleukin 1 ligands. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| ARPP19 | cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, 19kDa|The 19-kD cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein plays a role in regulating mitosis by inhibiting protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A; see MIM 176915) (summary by Gharbi-Ayachi et al., 2010 [PubMed 21164014]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2011] |
| GRAP | GRB2-related adaptor protein|This gene encodes a member of the GRB2/Sem5/Drk family and functions as a cytoplasmic signaling protein which contains an SH2 domain flanked by two SH3 domains. The SH2 domain interacts with ligand-activated receptors for stem cell factor and erythropoietin, and facilitates the formation of a stable complex with the BCR-ABL oncoprotein. This protein also associates with the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor SOS1 (son of sevenless homolog 1) through its N-terminal SH3 domain. In general, it couples signals from receptor and cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases to the Ras signaling pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| SNRPF | small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide F| |
| NPVF | neuropeptide VF precursor| |
| HNRNPU | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (scaffold attachment factor A)|This gene belongs to the subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins and they form complexes with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene contains a RNA binding domain and scaffold-associated region (SAR)-specific bipartite DNA-binding domain. This protein is also thought to be involved in the packaging of hnRNA into large ribonucleoprotein complexes. During apoptosis, this protein is cleaved in a caspase-dependent way. Cleavage occurs at the SALD site, resulting in a loss of DNA-binding activity and a concomitant detachment of this protein from nuclear structural sites. But this cleavage does not affect the function of the encoded protein in RNA metabolism. At least two alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMED9 | transmembrane emp24 protein transport domain containing 9| |
| TMED8 | transmembrane emp24 protein transport domain containing 8| |
| HNRNPK | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K|This gene belongs to the subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene is located in the nucleoplasm and has three repeats of KH domains that binds to RNAs. It is distinct among other hnRNP proteins in its binding preference; it binds tenaciously to poly(C). This protein is also thought to have a role during cell cycle progession. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene, however, not all of them are fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FASN | fatty acid synthase|The enzyme encoded by this gene is a multifunctional protein. Its main function is to catalyze the synthesis of palmitate from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, in the presence of NADPH, into long-chain saturated fatty acids. In some cancer cell lines, this protein has been found to be fused with estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha), in which the N-terminus of FAS is fused in-frame with the C-terminus of ER-alpha. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HNRNPM | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M|This gene belongs to the subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene has three repeats of quasi-RRM domains that bind to RNAs. This protein also constitutes a monomer of the N-acetylglucosamine-specific receptor which is postulated to trigger selective recycling of immature GlcNAc-bearing thyroglobulin molecules. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| HNRNPC | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (C1/C2)|This gene belongs to the subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene can act as a tetramer and is involved in the assembly of 40S hnRNP particles. Multiple transcript variants encoding at least two different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DIS3L | DIS3 like exosome 3'-5' exoribonuclease| |
| SNX9 | sorting nexin 9|This gene encodes a member of the sorting nexin family. Members of this family contain a phosphoinositide binding domain, and are involved in intracellular trafficking. The encoded protein does not contain a coiled coil region, like some family members, but does contain a SRC homology domain near its N-terminus. The encoded protein is reported to have a variety of interaction partners, including of adaptor protein 2 , dynamin, tyrosine kinase non-receptor 2, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome-like, and ARP3 actin-related protein 3. The encoded protein is implicated in several stages of intracellular trafficking, including endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and F-actin nucleation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| HNRNPF | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F|This gene belongs to the subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins that complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and regulate alternative splicing, polyadenylation, and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene has three repeats of quasi-RRM domains that bind to RNAs which have guanosine-rich sequences. This protein is very similar to the family member hnRPH. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SYDE2 | synapse defective 1, Rho GTPase, homolog 2 (C. elegans)| |
| PCSK1N | proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 inhibitor|The protein encoded by this gene functions as an inhibitor of prohormone convertase 1, which regulates the proteolytic cleavage of neuroendocrine peptide precursors. The proprotein is further processed into multiple short peptides. A polymorphism within this gene may be associated with obesity. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| MPZ | myelin protein zero|This gene encodes a major structural protein of peripheral myelin. Mutations in this gene result in the autosomal dominant form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1 and other polyneuropathies. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| SYDE1 | synapse defective 1, Rho GTPase, homolog 1 (C. elegans)| |
| SLC6A13 | solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 13| |
| BRAP | BRCA1 associated protein|The protein encoded by this gene was identified by its ability to bind to the nuclear localization signal of BRCA1 and other proteins. It is a cytoplasmic protein which may regulate nuclear targeting by retaining proteins with a nuclear localization signal in the cytoplasm. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GOLM1 | golgi membrane protein 1|The Golgi complex plays a key role in the sorting and modification of proteins exported from the endoplasmic reticulum. The protein encoded by this gene is a type II Golgi transmembrane protein. It processes proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and assists in the transport of protein cargo through the Golgi apparatus. The expression of this gene has been observed to be upregulated in response to viral infection. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| SLC6A12 | solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 12| |
| RNF167 | ring finger protein 167|RNF167 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that interacts with TSSC5 (SLC22A18; MIM 602631) and, together with UBCH6 (UBE2E1; MIM 602916), facilitates TSSC5 polyubiquitylation (Yamada and Gorbsky, 2006 [PubMed 16314844]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MPHOSPH9 | M-phase phosphoprotein 9| |
| TNNI3K | TNNI3 interacting kinase|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) family of protein kinases. The protein contains ankyrin repeat, protein kinase and serine-rich domains and is thought to play a role in cardiac physiology. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012] |
| XKR6 | XK, Kell blood group complex subunit-related family, member 6| |
| PLGRKT | plasminogen receptor, C-terminal lysine transmembrane protein| |
| GLUD2 | glutamate dehydrogenase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is localized to the mitochondrion and acts as a homohexamer to recycle glutamate during neurotransmission. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the reversible oxidative deamination of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate. This gene is intronless.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| GLUD1 | glutamate dehydrogenase 1|This gene encodes glutamate dehydrogenase protein; a mitochondrial matrix enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate and ammonia. This enzyme has an important role in regulating amino acid induced insulin secretion and activating mutations in this gene are a common cause of congenital hyperinsulinism. This enzyme is allosterically activated by ADP and inhibited by GTP and ATP. The related glutamate dehydrogenase 2 gene on the human X-chromosome originated from this gene via retrotransposition and encodes a soluble form of glutamate dehydrogenase. Multiple pseudogenes of this gene are present in humans.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| ISG20 | interferon stimulated exonuclease gene 20kDa| |
| MPHOSPH8 | M-phase phosphoprotein 8| |
| HSP90AA2 | heat shock protein 90kDa alpha (cytosolic), class A member 2, pseudogene|HSP90 proteins are highly conserved molecular chaperones that have key roles in signal transduction, protein folding, protein degradation, and morphologic evolution. HSP90 proteins normally associate with other cochaperones and play important roles in folding newly synthesized proteins or stabilizing and refolding denatured proteins after stress. HSP90AA2 is a cytosolic HSP90 protein. Other HSP90 proteins are found in endoplasmic reticulum (HSP90B1; MIM 191175) and mitochondria (TRAP1; MIM 606219) (Chen et al., 2005 [PubMed 16269234]). See HSP90AA1 (MIM 140571) for further information on HSP90 proteins.[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2008] |
| TADA1 | transcriptional adaptor 1|TADA1L is a protein subunit of the human STAGA complex (SPT3; (MIM 602947)/TAF9 (MIM 600822)/GCN5 (MIM 602301) acetyltransferase complex), which is a chromatin-modifying multiprotein complex (Martinez et al., 2001 [PubMed 11564863]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2009] |
| JAG1 | jagged 1|The jagged 1 protein encoded by JAG1 is the human homolog of the Drosophilia jagged protein. Human jagged 1 is the ligand for the receptor notch 1, the latter a human homolog of the Drosophilia jagged receptor notch. Mutations that alter the jagged 1 protein cause Alagille syndrome. Jagged 1 signalling through notch 1 has also been shown to play a role in hematopoiesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TADA3 | transcriptional adaptor 3|DNA-binding transcriptional activator proteins increase the rate of transcription by interacting with the transcriptional machinery bound to the basal promoter in conjunction with adaptor proteins, possibly by acetylation and destabilization of nucleosomes. The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional activator adaptor and a component of the histone acetyl transferase (HAT) coactivator complex which plays a crucial role in chromatin modulation and cell cycle progression. Along with the other components of the complex, this protein links transcriptional activators bound to specific promoters, to histone acetylation and the transcriptional machinery. The protein is also involved in the stabilization and activation of the p53 tumor suppressor protein that plays a role in the cellular response to DNA damage. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| PALD1 | phosphatase domain containing, paladin 1| |
| CD52 | CD52 molecule| |
| C9orf16 | chromosome 9 open reading frame 16| |
| DGCR14 | DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 14|This gene is located within the minimal DGS critical region (MDGCR) thought to contain the gene(s) responsible for a group of developmental disorders. These disorders include DiGeorge syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome, conotruncal anomaly face syndrome, and some familial or sporadic conotruncal cardiac defects which have been associated with microdeletion of 22q11.2. The encoded protein may be a component of C complex spliceosomes, and the orthologous protein in the mouse localizes to the nucleus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD55 | CD55 molecule, decay accelerating factor for complement (Cromer blood group)|This gene encodes a glycoprotein involved in the regulation of the complement cascade. Binding of the encoded protein to complement proteins accelerates their decay, thereby disrupting the cascade and preventing damage to host cells. Antigens present on this protein constitute the Cromer blood group system (CROM). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. The predominant transcript variant encodes a membrane-bound protein, but alternatively spliced transcripts may produce soluble proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| CD58 | CD58 molecule|This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein is a ligand of the T lymphocyte CD2 protein, and functions in adhesion and activation of T lymphocytes. The protein is localized to the plasma membrane. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| CD59 | CD59 molecule, complement regulatory protein|This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein that regulates complement-mediated cell lysis, and it is involved in lymphocyte signal transduction. This protein is a potent inhibitor of the complement membrane attack complex, whereby it binds complement C8 and/or C9 during the assembly of this complex, thereby inhibiting the incorporation of multiple copies of C9 into the complex, which is necessary for osmolytic pore formation. This protein also plays a role in signal transduction pathways in the activation of T cells. Mutations in this gene cause CD59 deficiency, a disease resulting in hemolytic anemia and thrombosis, and which causes cerebral infarction. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants, which encode the same protein, have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HAX1 | HCLS1 associated protein X-1|The protein encoded by this gene is known to associate with hematopoietic cell-specific Lyn substrate 1, a substrate of Src family tyrosine kinases. It also interacts with the product of the polycystic kidney disease 2 gene, mutations in which are associated with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease, and with the F-actin-binding protein, cortactin. It was earlier thought that this gene product is mainly localized in the mitochondria, however, recent studies indicate it to be localized in the cell body. Mutations in this gene result in autosomal recessive severe congenital neutropenia, also known as Kostmann disease. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UGT1A8 | UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A8|This gene encodes a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, an enzyme of the glucuronidation pathway that transforms small lipophilic molecules, such as steroids, bilirubin, hormones, and drugs, into water-soluble, excretable metabolites. This gene is part of a complex locus that encodes several UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. The locus includes thirteen unique alternate first exons followed by four common exons. Four of the alternate first exons are considered pseudogenes. Each of the remaining nine 5' exons may be spliced to the four common exons, resulting in nine proteins with different N-termini and identical C-termini. Each first exon encodes the substrate binding site, and is regulated by its own promoter. The enzyme encoded by this gene has glucuronidase activity with many substrates including coumarins, phenols, anthraquinones, flavones, and some opioids. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UGT1A9 | UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A9|This gene encodes a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, an enzyme of the glucuronidation pathway that transforms small lipophilic molecules, such as steroids, bilirubin, hormones, and drugs, into water-soluble, excretable metabolites. This gene is part of a complex locus that encodes several UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. The locus includes thirteen unique alternate first exons followed by four common exons. Four of the alternate first exons are considered pseudogenes. Each of the remaining nine 5' exons may be spliced to the four common exons, resulting in nine proteins with different N-termini and identical C-termini. Each first exon encodes the substrate binding site, and is regulated by its own promoter. The enzyme encoded by this gene is active on phenols. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NNAT | neuronatin|The protein encoded by this gene is a proteolipid that may be involved in the regulation of ion channels during brain development. The encoded protein may also play a role in forming and maintaining the structure of the nervous system. This gene is found within an intron of the BLCAP gene, but on the opposite strand. This gene is imprinted and is expressed only from the paternal allele. Two transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| SLC25A3 | solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; phosphate carrier), member 3|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the transport of phosphate into the mitochondrial matrix, either by proton cotransport or in exchange for hydroxyl ions. The protein contains three related segments arranged in tandem which are related to those found in other characterized members of the mitochondrial carrier family. Both the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of this protein protrude toward the cytosol. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been isolated. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COL4A3BP | collagen, type IV, alpha 3 (Goodpasture antigen) binding protein|This gene encodes a kinase that specifically phosphorylates the N-terminal region of the non-collagenous domain of the alpha 3 chain of type IV collagen, known as the Goodpasture antigen. Goodpasture disease is the result of an autoimmune response directed at this antigen. One isoform of this protein is also involved in ceramide intracellular transport. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UGT1A6 | UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A6|This gene encodes a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, an enzyme of the glucuronidation pathway that transforms small lipophilic molecules, such as steroids, bilirubin, hormones, and drugs, into water-soluble, excretable metabolites. This gene is part of a complex locus that encodes several UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. The locus includes thirteen unique alternate first exons followed by four common exons. Four of the alternate first exons are considered pseudogenes. Each of the remaining nine 5' exons may be spliced to the four common exons, resulting in nine proteins with different N-termini and identical C-termini. Each first exon encodes the substrate binding site, and is regulated by its own promoter. The enzyme encoded by this gene is active on phenolic and planar compounds. Alternative splicing in the unique 5' end of this gene results in two transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FBRS | fibrosin|Fibrosin is a lymphokine secreted by activated lymphocytes that induces fibroblast proliferation (Prakash and Robbins, 1998 [PubMed 9809749]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| UGT1A1 | UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A1|This gene encodes a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, an enzyme of the glucuronidation pathway that transforms small lipophilic molecules, such as steroids, bilirubin, hormones, and drugs, into water-soluble, excretable metabolites. This gene is part of a complex locus that encodes several UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. The locus includes thirteen unique alternate first exons followed by four common exons. Four of the alternate first exons are considered pseudogenes. Each of the remaining nine 5' exons may be spliced to the four common exons, resulting in nine proteins with different N-termini and identical C-termini. Each first exon encodes the substrate binding site, and is regulated by its own promoter. The preferred substrate of this enzyme is bilirubin, although it also has moderate activity with simple phenols, flavones, and C18 steroids. Mutations in this gene result in Crigler-Najjar syndromes types I and II and in Gilbert syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRRC1 | proline-rich coiled-coil 1| |
| RAB37 | RAB37, member RAS oncogene family|Rab proteins are low molecular mass GTPases that are critical regulators of vesicle trafficking. For additional background information on Rab proteins, see MIM 179508.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2006] |
| ZBTB40 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 40| |
| RAB35 | RAB35, member RAS oncogene family| |
| RAB34 | RAB34, member RAS oncogene family|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the RAB family of proteins, which are small GTPases involved in protein transport. This family member is a Golgi-bound member of the secretory pathway that is involved in the repositioning of lysosomes and the activation of macropinocytosis. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. This gene overlaps and shares exon structure with the nine-amino acid residue-repeats (NARR) gene, which encodes a functionally distinct nucleolar protein from a different reading frame. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| HJURP | Holliday junction recognition protein| |
| RAB32 | RAB32, member RAS oncogene family|Small GTP-binding proteins of the RAB family, such as RAB32, play essential roles in vesicle and granule targeting (Bao et al., 2002 [PubMed 11784320]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2009] |
| RAB31 | RAB31, member RAS oncogene family|Small GTP-binding proteins of the RAB family, such as RAB31, play essential roles in vesicle and granule targeting (Bao et al., 2002 [PubMed 11784320]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2009] |
| ZBTB41 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 41| |
| C8orf74 | chromosome 8 open reading frame 74| |
| RAB38 | RAB38, member RAS oncogene family| |
| DOK2 | docking protein 2, 56kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated in hematopoietic progenitors isolated from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients in the chronic phase. It may be a critical substrate for p210(bcr/abl), a chimeric protein whose presence is associated with CML. This encoded protein binds p120 (RasGAP) from CML cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DOK3 | docking protein 3| |
| LCA5L | Leber congenital amaurosis 5-like| |
| DOK1 | docking protein 1, 62kDa (downstream of tyrosine kinase 1)|The protein encoded by this gene is part of a signal transduction pathway downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases. The encoded protein is a scaffold protein that helps form a platform for the assembly of multiprotein signaling complexes. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| DOK6 | docking protein 6|DOK6 is a member of the DOK (see DOK1; MIM 602919) family of intracellular adaptors that play a role in the RET (MIM 164761) signaling cascade (Crowder et al., 2004 [PubMed 15286081]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| DOK7 | docking protein 7|The protein encoded by this gene is essential for neuromuscular synaptogenesis. The protein functions in aneural activation of muscle-specific receptor kinase, which is required for postsynaptic differentiation, and in the subsequent clustering of the acetylcholine receptor in myotubes. This protein can also induce autophosphorylation of muscle-specific receptor kinase. Mutations in this gene are a cause of familial limb-girdle myasthenia autosomal recessive, which is also known as congenital myasthenic syndrome type 1B. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| DOK4 | docking protein 4| |
| DOK5 | docking protein 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the DOK family of membrane proteins, which are adapter proteins involved in signal transduction. The encoded protein interacts with phosphorylated receptor tyrosine kinases to mediate neurite outgrowth and activation of the MAP kinase pathway. Unlike other DOK family proteins, this protein does not interact with RASGAP. This protein is up-regulated in patients with systemic sclerosis and is associated with fibrosis induced by insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| MCEE | methylmalonyl CoA epimerase|The product of this gene catalyzes the interconversion of D- and L-methylmalonyl-CoA during the degradation of branched chain amino acids. odd chain-length fatty acids, and other metabolites. Mutations in this gene result in methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase deficiency, which is presented as mild to moderate methylmalonic aciduria. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BRAF | B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the raf/mil family of serine/threonine protein kinases. This protein plays a role in regulating the MAP kinase/ERKs signaling pathway, which affects cell division, differentiation, and secretion. Mutations in this gene are associated with cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, a disease characterized by heart defects, mental retardation and a distinctive facial appearance. Mutations in this gene have also been associated with various cancers, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, colorectal cancer, malignant melanoma, thyroid carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma of lung. A pseudogene, which is located on chromosome X, has been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLS1 | plastin 1|Plastins are a family of actin-binding proteins that are conserved throughout eukaryote evolution and expressed in most tissues of higher eukaryotes. In humans, two ubiquitous plastin isoforms (L and T) have been identified. The protein encoded by this gene is a third distinct plastin isoform, which is specifically expressed at high levels in the small intestine. Alternatively spliced transcript variants varying in the 5' UTR, but encoding the same protein, have been found for this gene. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 11.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| YPEL5 | yippee-like 5 (Drosophila)| |
| PLS3 | plastin 3|Plastins are a family of actin-binding proteins that are conserved throughout eukaryote evolution and expressed in most tissues of higher eukaryotes. In humans, two ubiquitous plastin isoforms (L and T) have been identified. Plastin 1 (otherwise known as Fimbrin) is a third distinct plastin isoform which is specifically expressed at high levels in the small intestine. The L isoform is expressed only in hemopoietic cell lineages, while the T isoform has been found in all other normal cells of solid tissues that have replicative potential (fibroblasts, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, melanocytes, etc.). The C-terminal 570 amino acids of the T-plastin and L-plastin proteins are 83% identical. It contains a potential calcium-binding site near the N terminus. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| CLASP2 | cytoplasmic linker associated protein 2| |
| CLASP1 | cytoplasmic linker associated protein 1|CLASPs, such as CLASP1, are nonmotor microtubule-associated proteins that interact with CLIPs (e.g., CLIP170; MIM 179838). CLASP1 is involved in the regulation of microtubule dynamics at the kinetochore and throughout the spindle (Maiato et al., 2003 [PubMed 12837247]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PDIA6 | protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 6|Protein disulfide isomerases (EC 5.3.4.1), such as PDIA6, are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident proteins that catalyze formation, reduction, and isomerization of disulfide bonds in proteins and are thought to play a role in folding of disulfide-bonded proteins (Hayano and Kikuchi, 1995 [PubMed 7590364]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PDIA5 | protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 5| |
| PDIA4 | protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 4| |
| PDIA3 | protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 3|This gene encodes a protein of the endoplasmic reticulum that interacts with lectin chaperones calreticulin and calnexin to modulate folding of newly synthesized glycoproteins. The protein was once thought to be a phospholipase; however, it has been demonstrated that the protein actually has protein disulfide isomerase activity. It is thought that complexes of lectins and this protein mediate protein folding by promoting formation of disulfide bonds in their glycoprotein substrates. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PDIA2 | protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 2|Protein disulfide isomerases (EC 5.3.4.1), such as PDIP, are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident proteins that catalyze protein folding and thiol-disulfide interchange reactions (Desilva et al., 1996 [PubMed 8561901]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ELF1 | E74-like factor 1 (ets domain transcription factor)|This gene encodes an E26 transformation-specific related transcription factor. The encoded protein is primarily expressed in lymphoid cells and acts as both an enhancer and a repressor to regulate transcription of various genes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| RAB3D | RAB3D, member RAS oncogene family| |
| RAB3C | RAB3C, member RAS oncogene family|RAB proteins, such as RAB3C, are small GTPases implicated in the regulation of vesicular trafficking between membrane compartments (Cheng et al., 2002 [PubMed 12296628]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009] |
| RAB3B | RAB3B, member RAS oncogene family| |
| ARMC8 | armadillo repeat containing 8| |
| ALOX15B | arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase, type B|This gene encodes a member of the lipoxygenase family of structurally related nonheme iron dioxygenases involved in the production of fatty acid hydroperoxides. The encoded protein converts arachidonic acid exclusively to 15S-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid, while metabolizing linoleic acid less effectively. This gene is located in a cluster of related genes and a pseudogene that spans approximately 100 kilobases on the short arm of chromosome 17. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DACH1 | dachshund family transcription factor 1|This gene encodes a chromatin-associated protein that associates with other DNA-binding transcription factors to regulate gene expression and cell fate determination during development. The protein contains a Ski domain that is highly conserved from Drosophila to human. Expression of this gene is lost in some forms of metastatic cancer, and is correlated with poor prognosis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| ARMC7 | armadillo repeat containing 7| |
| LRG1 | leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1|The leucine-rich repeat (LRR) family of proteins, including LRG1, have been shown to be involved in protein-protein interaction, signal transduction, and cell adhesion and development. LRG1 is expressed during granulocyte differentiation (O'Donnell et al., 2002 [PubMed 12223515]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ARMC5 | armadillo repeat containing 5|This gene encodes a member of the ARM (armadillo/beta-catenin-like repeat) superfamily. The ARM repeat is a tandemly repeated sequence motif with approximately 40 amino acid long. This repeat is implicated in mediating protein-protein interactions. The encoded protein contains seven ARM repeats. Mutations in this gene are associated with primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia, which is also known as ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia 2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| ARMC2 | armadillo repeat containing 2| |
| ARMC1 | armadillo repeat containing 1| |
| C19orf60 | chromosome 19 open reading frame 60| |
| CD160 | CD160 molecule|CD160 is an 27 kDa glycoprotein which was initially identified with the monoclonal antibody BY55. Its expression is tightly associated with peripheral blood NK cells and CD8 T lymphocytes with cytolytic effector activity. The cDNA sequence of CD160 predicts a cysteine-rich, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein of 181 amino acids with a single Ig-like domain weakly homologous to KIR2DL4 molecule. CD160 is expressed at the cell surface as a tightly disulfide-linked multimer. RNA blot analysis revealed CD160 mRNAs of 1.5 and 1.6 kb whose expression was highly restricted to circulating NK and T cells, spleen and small intestine. Within NK cells CD160 is expressed by CD56dimCD16+ cells whereas among circulating T cells its expression is mainly restricted to TCRgd bearing cells and to TCRab+CD8brightCD95+CD56+CD28-CD27-cells. In tissues, CD160 is expressed on all intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. CD160 shows a broad specificity for binding to both classical and nonclassical MHC class I molecules. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD163 | CD163 molecule|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) superfamily, and is exclusively expressed in monocytes and macrophages. It functions as an acute phase-regulated receptor involved in the clearance and endocytosis of hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes by macrophages, and may thereby protect tissues from free hemoglobin-mediated oxidative damage. This protein may also function as an innate immune sensor for bacteria and inducer of local inflammation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| AARS | alanyl-tRNA synthetase|The human alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AARS) belongs to a family of tRNA synthases, of the class II enzymes. Class II tRNA synthases evolved early in evolution and are highly conserved. This is reflected by the fact that 498 of the 968-residue polypeptide human AARS shares 41% identity witht the E.coli protein. tRNA synthases are the enzymes that interpret the RNA code and attach specific aminoacids to the tRNAs that contain the cognate trinucleotide anticodons. They consist of a catalytic domain which interacts with the amino acid acceptor-T psi C helix of the tRNA, and a second domain which interacts with the rest of the tRNA structure. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TTC21B | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 21B|This gene encodes a member of TTC21 family, containing several tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains. This protein is localized to the cilium axoneme, and may play a role in retrograde intraflagellar transport in cilia. Mutations in this gene are associated with various ciliopathies, nephronophthisis 12, and asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy 4. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| CD164 | CD164 molecule, sialomucin|Sialomucins are a heterogeneous group of secreted or membrane-associated mucins that appear to play 2 key but opposing roles in vivo: first as cytoprotective or antiadhesive agents, and second as adhesion receptors. CD164 is a type I integral transmembrane sialomucin that functions as an adhesion receptor (Watt et al., 1998 [PubMed 9680353]; Forde et al., 2007 [PubMed 17077324]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2008] |
| TSGA10 | testis specific, 10| |
| SPATA8 | spermatogenesis associated 8| |
| SRA1 | steroid receptor RNA activator 1|Both long non-coding and protein-coding RNAs are transcribed from this gene, and they represent alternatively spliced transcript variants. This gene was initially defined as a non-coding RNA, which is a coactivator for several nuclear receptors (NRs) and is associated with breast cancer. It has now been found that this gene is involved in the regulation of many NR and non-NR activities, including metabolism, adipogenesis and chromatin organization. The long non-coding RNA transcripts interact with a variety of proteins, including the protein encoded by this gene. The encoded protein acts as a transcriptional repressor by binding to the non-coding RNA. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| ACTL6B | actin-like 6B|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of actin-related proteins (ARPs) which share significant amino acid sequence identity to conventional actins. Both actins and ARPs have an actin fold, which is an ATP-binding cleft, as a common feature. The ARPs are involved in diverse cellular processes, including vesicular transport, spindle orientation, nuclear migration and chromatin remodeling. This gene encodes a subunit of the BAF (BRG1/brm-associated factor) complex in mammals, which is functionally related to SWI/SNF complex in S. cerevisiae and Drosophila; the latter is thought to facilitate transcriptional activation of specific genes by antagonizing chromatin-mediated transcriptional repression. This subunit may be involved in the regulation of genes by structural modulation of their chromatin, specifically in the brain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPATA2 | spermatogenesis associated 2| |
| SPATA1 | spermatogenesis associated 1| |
| AARD | alanine and arginine rich domain containing protein| |
| SPATA6 | spermatogenesis associated 6| |
| C5orf51 | chromosome 5 open reading frame 51| |
| SPATA4 | spermatogenesis associated 4| |
| RANGRF | RAN guanine nucleotide release factor|This gene encodes a protein that has been shown to function as a guanine nucleotide release factor in mouse and to regulate the expression and function of the Nav1.5 cardiac sodium channel in human. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| PGM2L1 | phosphoglucomutase 2-like 1| |
| CEL | carboxyl ester lipase|The protein encoded by this gene is a glycoprotein secreted from the pancreas into the digestive tract and from the lactating mammary gland into human milk. The physiological role of this protein is in cholesterol and lipid-soluble vitamin ester hydrolysis and absorption. This encoded protein promotes large chylomicron production in the intestine. Also its presence in plasma suggests its interactions with cholesterol and oxidized lipoproteins to modulate the progression of atherosclerosis. In pancreatic tumoral cells, this encoded protein is thought to be sequestrated within the Golgi compartment and is probably not secreted. This gene contains a variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the coding region that may influence the function of the encoded protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HIST1H4G | histone cluster 1, H4g|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H4 family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the large histone gene cluster on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HSPA6 | heat shock 70kDa protein 6 (HSP70B')| |
| HSPA5 | heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family. It is localized in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and is involved in the folding and assembly of proteins in the ER. As this protein interacts with many ER proteins, it may play a key role in monitoring protein transport through the cell.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| PABPN1L | poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1-like (cytoplasmic)| |
| HRSP12 | heat-responsive protein 12| |
| HSPA9 | heat shock 70kDa protein 9 (mortalin)|This gene encodes a member of the heat shock protein 70 gene family. The encoded protein is primarily localized to the mitochondria but is also found in the endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane and cytoplasmic vesicles. This protein is a heat-shock cognate protein. This protein plays a role in cell proliferation, stress response and maintenance of the mitochondria. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 2.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| NELFA | negative elongation factor complex member A|This gene is expressed ubiquitously with higher levels in fetal than in adult tissues. It encodes a protein sharing 93% sequence identity with the mouse protein. Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a malformation syndrome associated with a hemizygous deletion of the distal short arm of chromosome 4. This gene is mapped to the 165 kb WHS critical region, and may play a role in the phenotype of the WHS or Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome. The encoded protein is found to be capable of reacting with HLA-A2-restricted and tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, suggesting a target for use in specific immunotherapy for a large number of cancer patients. This protein has also been shown to be a member of the NELF (negative elongation factor) protein complex that participates in the regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription elongation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TYW1B | tRNA-yW synthesizing protein 1 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)|Wybutosine is a hypermodified guanosine found in phenylalanine tRNA. Wybutosine functions to stabilize codon-anticodon interactions during ribosome decoding and therefore supports the maintenance of the reading frame. In yeast, the homolog of this gene is essential for the synthesis of wybutosine. The human genome contains two closely related genes that putatively function in wybutosine synthesis. The open reading frame of this locus is disrupted in some individuals. Thus, this locus appears to be an evolving pseudogene, but may still be functional in some members of the population. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| NELFE | negative elongation factor complex member E|The protein encoded by this gene is part of a complex termed negative elongation factor (NELF) which represses RNA polymerase II transcript elongation. This protein bears similarity to nuclear RNA-binding proteins; however, it has not been demonstrated that this protein binds RNA. The protein contains a tract of alternating basic and acidic residues, largely arginine (R) and aspartic acid (D). The gene localizes to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCSK9 | proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9|This gene encodes a member of the subtilisin-like proprotein convertase family, which includes proteases that process protein and peptide precursors trafficking through regulated or constitutive branches of the secretory pathway. The encoded protein undergoes an autocatalytic processing event with its prosegment in the ER and is constitutively secreted as an inactive protease into the extracellular matrix and trans-Golgi network. It is expressed in liver, intestine and kidney tissues and escorts specific receptors for lysosomal degradation. It plays a role in cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal dominant familial hypercholesterolemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| CD226 | CD226 molecule|This gene encodes a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of NK cells, platelets, monocytes and a subset of T cells. It is a member of the Ig-superfamily containing 2 Ig-like domains of the V-set. The protein mediates cellular adhesion of platelets and megakaryocytic cells to vascular endothelial cells. The protein also plays a role in megakaryocytic cell maturation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| LIFR | leukemia inhibitory factor receptor alpha|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. This protein combines with a high-affinity converter subunit, gp130, to form a receptor complex that mediates the action of the leukemia inhibitory factor, a polyfunctional cytokine that is involved in cellular differentiation, proliferation and survival in the adult and the embryo. Mutations in this gene cause Schwartz-Jampel syndrome type 2, a disease belonging to the group of the bent-bone dysplasias. A translocation that involves the promoter of this gene, t(5;8)(p13;q12) with the pleiomorphic adenoma gene 1, is associated with salivary gland pleiomorphic adenoma, a common type of benign epithelial tumor of the salivary gland. Multiple splice variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADIPOQ | adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing|This gene is expressed in adipose tissue exclusively. It encodes a protein with similarity to collagens X and VIII and complement factor C1q. The encoded protein circulates in the plasma and is involved with metabolic and hormonal processes. Mutations in this gene are associated with adiponectin deficiency. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| KIAA0907 | KIAA0907| |
| GUCY2C | guanylate cyclase 2C| |
| HKDC1 | hexokinase domain containing 1| |
| ITPKC | inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase C|This gene encodes a member of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P(3)] 3-kinase family of enzymes that catalyze the phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate. The encoded protein is localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm and has both nuclear import and nuclear export activity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene are associated with Kawasaki disease.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| SLC25A6 | solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; adenine nucleotide translocator), member 6|This gene is a member of the mitochondrial carrier subfamily of solute carrier protein genes. The product of this gene functions as a gated pore that translocates ADP from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix and ATP from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytoplasm. The protein is implicated in the function of the permability transition pore complex (PTPC), which regulates the release of mitochondrial products that induce apoptosis. The human genome contains several non-transcribed pseudogenes of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| PCSK2 | proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 2|This gene encodes a member of the subtilisin-like proprotein convertase family, which includes proteases that process protein and peptide precursors trafficking through regulated or constitutive branches of the secretory pathway. The protein undergoes an initial autocatalytic processing event and interacts with a neuroendocrine secretory protein in the ER, exits the ER and sorts to secretory granules, where it is cleaved and catalytically activated during intracellular transport. The encoded protease is packaged into and activated in dense core secretory granules and expressed in the neuroendocrine system and brain. This gene encodes one of the seven basic amino acid-specific members which cleave their substrates at single or paired basic residues. It functions in the proteolytic activation of polypeptide hormones and neuropeptides precursors. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene may increase susceptibility to myocardial infarction and type 2 diabetes. This gene may also play a role in tumor development and progression. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| CRBN | cereblon|This gene encodes a protein related to the Lon protease protein family. In rodents and other mammals this gene product is found in the cytoplasm localized with a calcium channel membrane protein, and is thought to play a role in brain development. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic mental retardation. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| NET1 | neuroepithelial cell transforming 1|This gene is part of the family of Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Members of this family activate Rho proteins by catalyzing the exchange of GDP for GTP. The protein encoded by this gene interacts with RhoA within the cell nucleus and may play a role in repairing DNA damage after ionizing radiation. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on the long arms of chromosomes 1, 7 and 18. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| IRX5 | iroquois homeobox 5|This gene encodes a member of the iroquois homeobox gene family, which are involved in several embryonic developmental processes. Knockout mice lacking this gene show that it is required for retinal cone bipolar cell differentiation, and that it negatively regulates potassium channel gene expression in the heart to ensure coordinated cardiac repolarization. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| IRX4 | iroquois homeobox 4| |
| IRX1 | iroquois homeobox 1|This gene encodes a member of the Iroquois homeobox protein family. Homeobox genes in this family are involved in pattern formation in the embryo. The gene product has been identified as a tumor suppressor in gastric (PMID: 21602894, 20440264) and head and neck cancers (PMID: 18559491). A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 13. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| IRX2 | iroquois homeobox 2|IRX2 is a member of the Iroquois homeobox gene family. Members of this family appear to play multiple roles during pattern formation of vertebrate embryos.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| SLPI | secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor|This gene encodes a secreted inhibitor which protects epithelial tissues from serine proteases. It is found in various secretions including seminal plasma, cervical mucus, and bronchial secretions, and has affinity for trypsin, leukocyte elastase, and cathepsin G. Its inhibitory effect contributes to the immune response by protecting epithelial surfaces from attack by endogenous proteolytic enzymes. This antimicrobial protein has antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| PCSK1 | proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1|This gene encodes a member of the subtilisin-like proprotein convertase family, which includes proteases that process protein and peptide precursors trafficking through regulated or constitutive branches of the secretory pathway. The encoded protein undergoes an initial autocatalytic processing event in the ER to generate a heterodimer which exits the ER and sorts to subcellular compartments where a second autocatalytic even takes place and the catalytic activity is acquired. The protease is packaged into and activated in dense core secretory granules and expressed in the neuroendocrine system and brain. This gene encodes one of the seven basic amino acid-specific members which cleave their substrates at single or paired basic residues. It functions in the proteolytic activation of polypeptide hormones and neuropeptides precursors. Mutations in this gene have been associated with susceptibility to obesity and proprotein convertase 1/3 deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| JRKL | JRK-like|The function of this gene has not yet been defined, however, the encoded protein shares similarity with the human (41% identical) and mouse (34% identical) jerky gene products. This protein may act as a nuclear regulatory protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| PPP2R2D | protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B, delta| |
| MUC1 | mucin 1, cell surface associated|This gene encodes a membrane-bound protein that is a member of the mucin family. Mucins are O-glycosylated proteins that play an essential role in forming protective mucous barriers on epithelial surfaces. These proteins also play a role in intracellular signaling. This protein is expressed on the apical surface of epithelial cells that line the mucosal surfaces of many different tissues including lung, breast stomach and pancreas. This protein is proteolytically cleaved into alpha and beta subunits that form a heterodimeric complex. The N-terminal alpha subunit functions in cell-adhesion and the C-terminal beta subunit is involved in cell signaling. Overexpression, aberrant intracellular localization, and changes in glycosylation of this protein have been associated with carcinomas. This gene is known to contain a highly polymorphic variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) domain. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| TAC3 | tachykinin 3|This gene encodes a member of the tachykinin family of secreted neuropeptides. The encoded protein is primarily expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system and functions as a neurotransmitter. This protein is the ligand for the neurokinin-3 receptor. This protein is also expressed in the outer syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta and may be associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia. Mutations in this gene are associated with normosmic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| PPP2R2A | protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B, alpha|The product of this gene belongs to the phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B family. Protein phosphatase 2 is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases, and it is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. It consists of a common heteromeric core enzyme, which is composed of a catalytic subunit and a constant regulatory subunit, that associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity. This gene encodes an alpha isoform of the regulatory subunit B55 subfamily. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| MUC6 | mucin 6, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming|The MUC6 gene encodes gastric mucin, a secreted glycoprotein that plays an essential role in epithelial cytoprotection from acid, proteases, pathogenic microorganisms, and mechanical trauma in the gastrointestinal tract (summary by Toribara et al., 1993 [PubMed 7680650]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2010] |
| PPP2R2C | protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B, gamma|The product of this gene belongs to the phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B family. Protein phosphatase 2 is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases, and it is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. It consists of a common heteromeric core enzyme, which is composed of a catalytic subunit and a constant regulatory subunit, that associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity. This gene encodes a gamma isoform of the regulatory subunit B55 subfamily. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPP2R2B | protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B, beta|The product of this gene belongs to the phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B family. Protein phosphatase 2 is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases, and it is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. It consists of a common heteromeric core enzyme, which is composed of a catalytic subunit and a constant regulatory subunit, that associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity. This gene encodes a beta isoform of the regulatory subunit B55 subfamily. Defects in this gene cause autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia 12 (SCA12), a disease caused by degeneration of the cerebellum, sometimes involving the brainstem and spinal cord, and in resulting in poor coordination of speech and body movements. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, which encode different isoforms, have been identified for this gene. The 5' UTR of some of these variants includes a CAG trinucleotide repeat sequence (7-28 copies) that can be expanded to 66-78 copies in cases of SCA12. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CEP89 | centrosomal protein 89kDa| |
| SAPCD1 | suppressor APC domain containing 1| |
| NUP50 | nucleoporin 50kDa|The nuclear pore complex is a massive structure that extends across the nuclear envelope, forming a gateway that regulates the flow of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Nucleoporins are the main components of the nuclear pore complex in eukaryotic cells. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the FG-repeat containing nucleoporins that functions as a soluble cofactor in importin-alpha:beta-mediated nuclear protein import. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 5, 6, and 14. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MTMR11 | myotubularin related protein 11| |
| NKX3-2 | NK3 homeobox 2|This gene encodes a member of the NK family of homeobox-containing proteins. The encoded protein may play a role in skeletal development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GK | glycerol kinase|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the FGGY kinase family. This protein is a key enzyme in the regulation of glycerol uptake and metabolism. It catalyzes the phosphorylation of glycerol by ATP, yielding ADP and glycerol-3-phosphate. Mutations in this gene are associated with glycerol kinase deficiency (GKD). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| DUSP28 | dual specificity phosphatase 28| |
| PTRH1 | peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| HNRNPDL | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D-like|This gene belongs to the subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene has two RRM domains that bind to RNAs. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. One of the variants is probably not translated because the transcript is a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. The protein isoforms encoded by this gene are similar to its family member HNRPD. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| STAC3 | SH3 and cysteine rich domain 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the excitation-contraction coupling machinery of muscles. This protein is a member of the Stac gene family and contains an N-terminal cysteine-rich domain and two SH3 domains. Mutations in this gene are a cause of Native American myopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| C11orf57 | chromosome 11 open reading frame 57| |
| CLEC2B | C-type lectin domain family 2, member B|This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. Members of this family share a common protein fold and have diverse functions, such as cell adhesion, cell-cell signalling, glycoprotein turnover, and roles in inflammation and immune response. The encoded type 2 transmembrane protein may function as a cell activation antigen. An alternative splice variant has been described but its full-length sequence has not been determined. This gene is closely linked to other CTL/CTLD superfamily members on chromosome 12p13 in the natural killer gene complex region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PYY | peptide YY|The protein encoded by this gene is proteolytically processed to release a peptide that inhibits pancreatic secretion and mobility in the gut. Rare variations in this gene could increase susceptibility to obesity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| BRSK2 | BR serine/threonine kinase 2| |
| CKMT2 | creatine kinase, mitochondrial 2 (sarcomeric)|Mitochondrial creatine kinase (MtCK) is responsible for the transfer of high energy phosphate from mitochondria to the cytosolic carrier, creatine. It belongs to the creatine kinase isoenzyme family. It exists as two isoenzymes, sarcomeric MtCK and ubiquitous MtCK, encoded by separate genes. Mitochondrial creatine kinase occurs in two different oligomeric forms: dimers and octamers, in contrast to the exclusively dimeric cytosolic creatine kinase isoenzymes. Sarcomeric mitochondrial creatine kinase has 80% homology with the coding exons of ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase. This gene contains sequences homologous to several motifs that are shared among some nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins and thus may be essential for the coordinated activation of these genes during mitochondrial biogenesis. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANP32E | acidic (leucine-rich) nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family, member E| |
| NRTN | neurturin|Neurturin is a member of the TGF-beta subfamily, TRN. This gene signals through RET and a GPI-linked coreceptor, and promotes survival of neuronal populations. A neurturin mutation has been described in a family with Hirschsprung Disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CTBP1 | C-terminal binding protein 1|This gene encodes a protein that binds to the C-terminus of adenovirus E1A proteins. This phosphoprotein is a transcriptional repressor and may play a role during cellular proliferation. This protein and the product of a second closely related gene, CTBP2, can dimerize. Both proteins can also interact with a polycomb group protein complex which participates in regulation of gene expression during development. Alternative splicing of transcripts from this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NTHL1 | nth endonuclease III-like 1 (E. coli)|The protein encoded by this gene is a DNA N-glycosylase of the endonuclease III family. Like a similar protein in E. coli, the encoded protein has DNA glycosylase activity on DNA substrates containing oxidized pyrimidine residues and has apurinic/apyrimidinic lyase activity. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| RAD54L2 | RAD54-like 2 (S. cerevisiae)| |
| TSG101 | tumor susceptibility 101|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a group of apparently inactive homologs of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. The gene product contains a coiled-coil domain that interacts with stathmin, a cytosolic phosphoprotein implicated in tumorigenesis. The protein may play a role in cell growth and differentiation and act as a negative growth regulator. In vitro steady-state expression of this tumor susceptibility gene appears to be important for maintenance of genomic stability and cell cycle regulation. Mutations and alternative splicing in this gene occur in high frequency in breast cancer and suggest that defects occur during breast cancer tumorigenesis and/or progression. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ITPK1 | inositol-tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase| |
| KIAA0195 | KIAA0195| |
| HACL1 | 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase 1| |
| GTF3C3 | general transcription factor IIIC, polypeptide 3, 102kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is part of the TFIIIC2 complex, which binds to the promoters of small nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA genes in order to recruit RNA polymerase III. The TFIIIC2 complex is composed of six subunits. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| MFSD10 | major facilitator superfamily domain containing 10|This gene encodes a member of the major facilitator superfamily of transporter proteins. The encoded protein likely functions in efflux of organic anions, including the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs indomethacin and diclofenac. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| GTF3C1 | general transcription factor IIIC, polypeptide 1, alpha 220kDa| |
| GTF3C6 | general transcription factor IIIC, polypeptide 6, alpha 35kDa|RNA polymerases are unable to initiate RNA synthesis in the absence of additional proteins called general transcription factors (GTFs). GTFs assemble in a complex on the DNA promoter and recruit the RNA polymerase. GTF3C family proteins (e.g., GTF3C1, MIM 603246) are essential for RNA polymerase III to make a number of small nuclear and cytoplasmic RNAs, including 5S RNA (MIM 180420), tRNA, and adenovirus-associated (VA) RNA of both cellular and viral origin.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| GTF3C5 | general transcription factor IIIC, polypeptide 5, 63kDa| |
| GTF3C4 | general transcription factor IIIC, polypeptide 4, 90kDa| |
| IQSEC1 | IQ motif and Sec7 domain 1| |
| APOA5 | apolipoprotein A-V|The protein encoded by this gene is an apolipoprotein that plays an important role in regulating the plasma triglyceride levels, a major risk factor for coronary artery disease. It is a component of high density lipoprotein and is highly similar to a rat protein that is upregulated in response to liver injury. Mutations in this gene have been associated with hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipoproteinemia type 5. This gene is located proximal to the apolipoprotein gene cluster on chromosome 11q23. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| CD99L2 | CD99 molecule-like 2|This gene encodes a cell-surface protein that is similar to CD99. A similar protein in mouse functions as an adhesion molecule during leukocyte extravasation. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| GPRASP2 | G protein-coupled receptor associated sorting protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family that regulates the activity of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The encoded protein has been shown to be capable of interacting with several GPCRs, including the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and the calcitonin receptor. Several transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| APOA1 | apolipoprotein A-I|This gene encodes apolipoprotein A-I, which is the major protein component of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma. The protein promotes cholesterol efflux from tissues to the liver for excretion, and it is a cofactor for lecithin cholesterolacyltransferase (LCAT) which is responsible for the formation of most plasma cholesteryl esters. This gene is closely linked with two other apolipoprotein genes on chromosome 11. Defects in this gene are associated with HDL deficiencies, including Tangier disease, and with systemic non-neuropathic amyloidosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| APOA2 | apolipoprotein A-II|This gene encodes apolipoprotein (apo-) A-II, which is the second most abundant protein of the high density lipoprotein particles. The protein is found in plasma as a monomer, homodimer, or heterodimer with apolipoprotein D. Defects in this gene may result in apolipoprotein A-II deficiency or hypercholesterolemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPRASP1 | G protein-coupled receptor associated sorting protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the GPRASP (G protein-coupled receptor associated sorting protein) family. The protein may modulate lysosomal sorting and functional down-regulation of a variety of G-protein coupled receptors. It targets receptors for degradation in lysosomes. The receptors interacting with this sorting protein include D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2), delta opioid receptor (OPRD1), beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), D4 dopamine receptor (DRD4) and cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R). Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| XPO1 | exportin 1|This cell-cycle-regulated gene encodes a protein that mediates leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES)-dependent protein transport. The protein specifically inhibits the nuclear export of Rev and U snRNAs. It is involved in the control of several cellular processes by controlling the localization of cyclin B, MPAK, and MAPKAP kinase 2. This protein also regulates NFAT and AP-1. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| XPO5 | exportin 5|This gene encodes a member of the karyopherin family that is required for the transport of small RNAs and double-stranded RNA-binding proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The encoded protein translocates cargo through the nuclear pore complex in a RanGTP-dependent process. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| XPO4 | exportin 4|XPO4 belongs to a large family of karyopherins (see MIM 602738) that mediate the transport of proteins and other cargo between the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments (Lipowsky et al., 2000 [PubMed 10944119]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2009] |
| XPO7 | exportin 7|The transport of protein and large RNAs through the nuclear pore complexes (NPC) is an energy-dependent and regulated process. The import of proteins with a nuclear localization signal (NLS) is accomplished by recognition of one or more clusters of basic amino acids by the importin-alpha/beta complex; see MIM 600685 and MIM 602738. The small GTPase RAN (MIM 601179) plays a key role in NLS-dependent protein import. RAN-binding protein-16 is a member of the importin-beta superfamily of nuclear transport receptors.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002] |
| XPO6 | exportin 6|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the importin-beta family. Members of this family are regulated by the GTPase Ran to mediate transport of cargo across the nuclear envelope. This protein has been shown to mediate nuclear export of profilin-actin complexes. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 14. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| TTR | transthyretin|This gene encodes transthyretin, one of the three prealbumins including alpha-1-antitrypsin, transthyretin and orosomucoid. Transthyretin is a carrier protein; it transports thyroid hormones in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, and also transports retinol (vitamin A) in the plasma. The protein consists of a tetramer of identical subunits. More than 80 different mutations in this gene have been reported; most mutations are related to amyloid deposition, affecting predominantly peripheral nerve and/or the heart, and a small portion of the gene mutations is non-amyloidogenic. The diseases caused by mutations include amyloidotic polyneuropathy, euthyroid hyperthyroxinaemia, amyloidotic vitreous opacities, cardiomyopathy, oculoleptomeningeal amyloidosis, meningocerebrovascular amyloidosis, carpal tunnel syndrome, etc. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| TTK | TTK protein kinase|This gene encodes a dual specificity protein kinase with the ability to phosphorylate tyrosine, serine and threonine. Associated with cell proliferation, this protein is essential for chromosome alignment at the centromere during mitosis and is required for centrosome duplication. It has been found to be a critical mitotic checkpoint protein for accurate segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. Tumorigenesis may occur when this protein fails to degrade and produces excess centrosomes resulting in aberrant mitotic spindles. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| MYPN | myopalladin|Striated muscle in vertebrates comprises large proteins which must be organized properly to contract efficiently. Z-lines in striated muscle are a sign of this organization, representing the ends of actin thin filaments, titin, nebulin or nebulette and accessory proteins required for structure and function. This gene encodes a protein which interacts with nebulin in skeletal muscle or nebulette in cardiac muscle and alpha-actinin. In addition, this gene product can interact with a protein with the I-band indicating it has a regulatory as well as structural function. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| TTN | titin|This gene encodes a large abundant protein of striated muscle. The product of this gene is divided into two regions, a N-terminal I-band and a C-terminal A-band. The I-band, which is the elastic part of the molecule, contains two regions of tandem immunoglobulin domains on either side of a PEVK region that is rich in proline, glutamate, valine and lysine. The A-band, which is thought to act as a protein-ruler, contains a mixture of immunoglobulin and fibronectin repeats, and possesses kinase activity. An N-terminal Z-disc region and a C-terminal M-line region bind to the Z-line and M-line of the sarcomere, respectively, so that a single titin molecule spans half the length of a sarcomere. Titin also contains binding sites for muscle associated proteins so it serves as an adhesion template for the assembly of contractile machinery in muscle cells. It has also been identified as a structural protein for chromosomes. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Considerable variability exists in the I-band, the M-line and the Z-disc regions of titin. Variability in the I-band region contributes to the differences in elasticity of different titin isoforms and, therefore, to the differences in elasticity of different muscle types. Mutations in this gene are associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 9, and autoantibodies to titin are produced in patients with the autoimmune disease scleroderma. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| TTL | tubulin tyrosine ligase|TTL is a cytosolic enzyme involved in the posttranslational modification of alpha-tubulin (see MIM 602529). Alpha-tubulin within assembled microtubules is detyrosinated over time at the C terminus. After microtubule disassembly, TTL restores the tyrosine residues and consequently participates in a cycle of tubulin detyrosination and tyrosination (Erck et al., 2003 [PubMed 14571137]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| GAR1 | GAR1 ribonucleoprotein|This gene is a member of the H/ACA snoRNPs (small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins) gene family. snoRNPs are involved in various aspects of rRNA processing and modification and have been classified into two families: C/D and H/ACA. The H/ACA snoRNPs also include the DKC1, NOLA2 and NOLA3 proteins. These four H/ACA snoRNP proteins localize to the dense fibrillar components of nucleoli and to coiled (Cajal) bodies in the nucleus. Both 18S rRNA production and rRNA pseudouridylation are impaired if any one of the four proteins is depleted. These four H/ACA snoRNP proteins are also components of the telomerase complex. The encoded protein of this gene contains two glycine- and arginine-rich domains and is related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gar1p. Two splice variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ASB16-AS1 | ASB16 antisense RNA 1| |
| XPOT | exportin, tRNA|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the RAN-GTPase exportin family that mediates export of tRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Translocation of tRNA to the cytoplasm occurs once exportin has bound both tRNA and GTP-bound RAN. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DNASE1L2 | deoxyribonuclease I-like 2| |
| EPS15L1 | epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 15-like 1| |
| GART | phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase, phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase|The protein encoded by this gene is a trifunctional polypeptide. It has phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase, phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase activity which is required for de novo purine biosynthesis. This enzyme is highly conserved in vertebrates. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HPDL | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase-like| |
| GARS | glycyl-tRNA synthetase|This gene encodes glycyl-tRNA synthetase, one of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases that charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. The encoded enzyme is an (alpha)2 dimer which belongs to the class II family of tRNA synthetases. It has been shown to be a target of autoantibodies in the human autoimmune diseases, polymyositis or dermatomyositis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZEB2 | zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Zfh1 family of 2-handed zinc finger/homeodomain proteins. It is located in the nucleus and functions as a DNA-binding transcriptional repressor that interacts with activated SMADs. Mutations in this gene are associated with Hirschsprung disease/Mowat-Wilson syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| TP53I11 | tumor protein p53 inducible protein 11| |
| SFT2D2 | SFT2 domain containing 2| |
| SFT2D1 | SFT2 domain containing 1| |
| ATAD1 | ATPase family, AAA domain containing 1| |
| DAP3 | death associated protein 3|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that also participates in apoptotic pathways which are initiated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Fas ligand, and gamma interferon. This protein potentially binds ATP/GTP and might be a functional partner of the mitoribosomal protein S27. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 1q and 2q. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| TOP1 | topoisomerase (DNA) I|This gene encodes a DNA topoisomerase, an enzyme that controls and alters the topologic states of DNA during transcription. This enzyme catalyzes the transient breaking and rejoining of a single strand of DNA which allows the strands to pass through one another, thus altering the topology of DNA. This gene is localized to chromosome 20 and has pseudogenes which reside on chromosomes 1 and 22. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATAD2 | ATPase family, AAA domain containing 2|A large family of ATPases has been described, whose key feature is that they share a conserved region of about 220 amino acids that contains an ATP-binding site. The proteins that belong to this family either contain one or two AAA (ATPases Associated with diverse cellular Activities) domains. AAA family proteins often perform chaperone-like functions that assist in the assembly, operation, or disassembly of protein complexes. The protein encoded by this gene contains two AAA domains, as well as a bromodomain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TCIRG1 | T-cell, immune regulator 1, ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit A3|Through alternate splicing, this gene encodes two proteins with similarity to subunits of the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) but the encoded proteins seem to have different functions. V-ATPase is a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of eukaryotic intracellular organelles. V-ATPase dependent organelle acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. V-ATPase is comprised of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. Mutations in this gene are associated with infantile malignant osteopetrosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C22orf29 | chromosome 22 open reading frame 29| |
| FRAT2 | frequently rearranged in advanced T-cell lymphomas 2|The protein encoded by this intronless gene belongs to the GSK-3-binding protein family. Studies show that this protein plays a role as a positive regulator of the WNT signaling pathway. It may be upregulated in tumor progression. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GIT1 | G protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting ArfGAP 1| |
| SIGIRR | single immunoglobulin and toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain| |
| TMEM199 | transmembrane protein 199| |
| C22orf23 | chromosome 22 open reading frame 23| |
| C22orf24 | chromosome 22 open reading frame 24| |
| FOXC2 | forkhead box C2|This gene belongs to the forkhead family of transcription factors which is characterized by a distinct DNA-binding forkhead domain. The specific function of this gene has not yet been determined; however, it may play a role in the development of mesenchymal tissues. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FOXC1 | forkhead box C1|This gene belongs to the forkhead family of transcription factors which is characterized by a distinct DNA-binding forkhead domain. The specific function of this gene has not yet been determined; however, it has been shown to play a role in the regulation of embryonic and ocular development. Mutations in this gene cause various glaucoma phenotypes including primary congenital glaucoma, autosomal dominant iridogoniodysgenesis anomaly, and Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GHRH | growth hormone releasing hormone|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the glucagon family and is a preproprotein that is produced in the hypothalamus. The preproprotein is cleaved to form a 44 aa factor, also called somatocrinin, that acts to stimulate growth hormone release from the pituitary. Variant receptors for somatocrinin have been found in several types of tumors, and antagonists of these receptors can inhibit the growth of the tumors. Defects in this gene are a cause of dwarfism, while hypersecretion of the encoded protein is a cause of gigantism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD40LG | CD40 ligand|The protein encoded by this gene is expressed on the surface of T cells. It regulates B cell function by engaging CD40 on the B cell surface. A defect in this gene results in an inability to undergo immunoglobulin class switch and is associated with hyper-IgM syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SESN1 | sestrin 1|This gene encodes a member of the sestrin family. Sestrins are induced by the p53 tumor suppressor protein and play a role in the cellular response to DNA damage and oxidative stress. The encoded protein mediates p53 inhibition of cell growth by activating AMP-activated protein kinase, which results in the inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin protein. The encoded protein also plays a critical role in antioxidant defense by regenerating overoxidized peroxiredoxins, and the expression of this gene is a potential marker for exposure to radiation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| SESN2 | sestrin 2|This gene encodes a member of the sestrin family of PA26-related proteins. The encoded protein may function in the regulation of cell growth and survival. This protein may be involved in cellular response to different stress conditions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SESN3 | sestrin 3|This gene encodes a member of the sestrin family of stress-induced proteins. The encoded protein reduces the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species induced by activated Ras downstream of RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt) and FoxO transcription factor. The protein is required for normal regulation of blood glucose, insulin resistance and plays a role in lipid storage in obesity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| SHROOM3 | shroom family member 3|This gene encodes a PDZ-domain-containing protein that belongs to a family of Shroom-related proteins. This protein may be involved in regulating cell shape in certain tissues. A similar protein in mice is required for proper neurulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| SC5D | sterol-C5-desaturase|This gene encodes an enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis. The encoded protein catalyzes the conversion of lathosterol into 7-dehydrocholesterol. Mutations in this gene have been associated with lathosterolosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SHROOM1 | shroom family member 1|SHROOM family members play diverse roles in the development of the nervous system and other tissues (Hagens et al., 2006 [PubMed 16615870]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MTIF3 | mitochondrial translational initiation factor 3|This gene encodes a translation initiation factor that is involved in mitochondrial protein synthesis. Polymorphism in this gene is associated with the onset of Parkinson's disease. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 5. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| MTIF2 | mitochondrial translational initiation factor 2|During the initiation of protein biosynthesis, initiation factor-2 (IF-2) promotes the binding of the initiator tRNA to the small subunit of the ribosome in a GTP-dependent manner. Prokaryotic IF-2 is a single polypeptide, while eukaryotic cytoplasmic IF-2 (eIF-2) is a trimeric protein. Bovine liver mitochondria contain IF-2(mt), an 85-kD monomeric protein that is equivalent to prokaryotic IF-2. The predicted 727-amino acid human protein contains a 29-amino acid presequence. Human IF-2(mt) shares 32 to 38% amino acid sequence identity with yeast IF-2(mt) and several prokaryotic IF-2s, with the greatest degree of conservation in the G domains of the proteins. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LRPAP1 | low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein associated protein 1|This gene encodes a protein that interacts with the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein and facilitates its proper folding and localization by preventing the binding of ligands. Mutations in this gene have been identified in individuals with myopia 23. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| MIOS | missing oocyte, meiosis regulator, homolog (Drosophila)| |
| MUC12 | mucin 12, cell surface associated| |
| CAMK1D | calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ID|This gene is a member of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 1 family, a subfamily of the serine/threonine kinases. The encoded protein is a component of the calcium-regulated calmodulin-dependent protein kinase cascade. It has been associated with multiple processes including regulation of granulocyte function, activation of CREB-dependent gene transcription, aldosterone synthesis, differentiation and activation of neutrophil cells, and apoptosis of erythroleukemia cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms of this gene have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| ATRNL1 | attractin-like 1| |
| PELI1 | pellino E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1| |
| VARS | valyl-tRNA synthetase|Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA by their cognate amino acid. Because of their central role in linking amino acids with nucleotide triplets contained in tRNAs, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are thought to be among the first proteins that appeared in evolution. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family and is located in the class III region of the major histocompatibility complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PELI3 | pellino E3 ubiquitin protein ligase family member 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a scaffold protein and an intermediate signaling protein in the innate immune response pathway. The encoded protein helps transmit the immune response signal from Toll-like receptors to IRAK1/TRAF6 complexes. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| PELI2 | pellino E3 ubiquitin protein ligase family member 2| |
| IGHE | immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon| |
| SPARC | secreted protein, acidic, cysteine-rich (osteonectin)|This gene encodes a cysteine-rich acidic matrix-associated protein. The encoded protein is required for the collagen in bone to become calcified but is also involved in extracellular matrix synthesis and promotion of changes to cell shape. The gene product has been associated with tumor suppression but has also been correlated with metastasis based on changes to cell shape which can promote tumor cell invasion. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| ATE1 | arginyltransferase 1|This gene encodes an arginyltransferase, an enzyme that is involved in posttranslational conjugation of arginine to N-terminal aspartate or glutamate residues. Conjugation of arginine to the N-terminal aspartate or glutamate targets proteins for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| ELMSAN1 | ELM2 and Myb/SANT-like domain containing 1| |
| MRPL50 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L50|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a putative 39S subunit protein and belongs to the L47P ribosomal protein family. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 2p, 2q, 5p, and 10q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AIG1 | androgen-induced 1| |
| MRPL51 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L51|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 4p and 21q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DBNDD2 | dysbindin (dystrobrevin binding protein 1) domain containing 2| |
| GET4 | golgi to ER traffic protein 4 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| MYEOV | myeloma overexpressed| |
| TTC27 | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 27| |
| ENOPH1 | enolase-phosphatase 1| |
| CALB2 | calbindin 2|This gene encodes an intracellular calcium-binding protein belonging to the troponin C superfamily. Members of this protein family have six EF-hand domains which bind calcium. This protein plays a role in diverse cellular functions, including message targeting and intracellular calcium buffering. It also functions as a modulator of neuronal excitability, and is a diagnostic marker for some human diseases, including Hirschsprung disease and some cancers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| CALB1 | calbindin 1, 28kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the calcium-binding protein superfamily that includes calmodulin and troponin C. Originally described as a 27 kDa protein, it is now known to be a 28 kDa protein. It contains four active calcium-binding domains, and has two modified domains that are thought to have lost their calcium binding capability. This protein is thought to buffer entry of calcium upon stimulation of glutamate receptors. Depletion of this protein was noted in patients with Huntington disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| AKNAD1 | AKNA domain containing 1|This gene encodes a protein which contains a domain found in an AT-hook-containing transcription factor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| GVINP1 | GTPase, very large interferon inducible pseudogene 1| |
| SRPK1 | SRSF protein kinase 1|This gene encodes a serine/arginine protein kinase specific for the SR (serine/arginine-rich domain) family of splicing factors. The protein localizes to the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It is thought to play a role in regulation of both constitutive and alternative splicing by regulating intracellular localization of splicing factors. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Additional alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene, but their full length nature have not been determined.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| SRPK3 | SRSF protein kinase 3|This gene encodes a protein kinase similar to a protein kinase which is specific for the SR (serine/arginine-rich domain) family of splicing factors. A highly similar protein has been shown to play a role in muscle development in mice. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| SRPK2 | SRSF protein kinase 2| |
| BDKRB1 | bradykinin receptor B1|Bradykinin, a 9 aa peptide, is generated in pathophysiologic conditions such as inflammation, trauma, burns, shock, and allergy. Two types of G-protein coupled receptors have been found which bind bradykinin and mediate responses to these pathophysiologic conditions. The protein encoded by this gene is one of these receptors and is synthesized de novo following tissue injury. Receptor binding leads to an increase in the cytosolic calcium ion concentration, ultimately resulting in chronic and acute inflammatory responses. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| BDKRB2 | bradykinin receptor B2|This gene encodes a receptor for bradykinin. The 9 aa bradykinin peptide elicits many responses including vasodilation, edema, smooth muscle spasm and pain fiber stimulation. This receptor associates with G proteins that stimulate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Alternate start codons result in two isoforms of the protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CEP170 | centrosomal protein 170kDa|The product of this gene is a component of the centrosome, a non-membraneous organelle that functions as the major microtubule-organizing center in animal cells. During interphase, the encoded protein localizes to the sub-distal appendages of mature centrioles, which are microtubule-based structures thought to help organize centrosomes. During mitosis, the protein associates with spindle microtubules near the centrosomes. The protein interacts with and is phosphorylated by polo-like kinase 1, and functions in maintaining microtubule organization and cell morphology. The human genome contains a putative transcribed pseudogene. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been found, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GAST | gastrin|Gastrin is a hormone whose main function is to stimulate secretion of hydrochloric acid by the gastric mucosa, which results in gastrin formation inhibition. This hormone also acts as a mitogenic factor for gastrointestinal epithelial cells. Gastrin has two biologically active peptide forms, G34 and G17. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM20B | family with sequence similarity 20, member B| |
| FAM20C | family with sequence similarity 20, member C|This gene encodes a member of the family of secreted protein kinases. The encoded protein binds calcium and phosphorylates proteins involved in bone mineralization. Mutations in this gene are associated with the autosomal recessive disorder Raine syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| FGL1 | fibrinogen-like 1|Fibrinogen-like 1 is a member of the fibrinogen family. This protein is homologous to the carboxy terminus of the fibrinogen beta- and gamma- subunits which contains the four conserved cysteines of fibrinogens and fibrinogen related proteins. However, this protein lacks the platelet-binding site, cross-linking region and a thrombin-sensitive site which are necessary for fibrin clot formation. This protein may play a role in the development of hepatocellular carcinomas. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein exist for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADARB1 | adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1|This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for pre-mRNA editing of the glutamate receptor subunit B by site-specific deamination of adenosines. Studies in rat found that this enzyme acted on its own pre-mRNA molecules to convert an AA dinucleotide to an AI dinucleotide which resulted in a new splice site. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants, some of which have been characterized by the presence or absence of an ALU cassette insert and a short or long C-terminal region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD96 | CD96 molecule|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is a type I membrane protein. The protein may play a role in the adhesive interactions of activated T and NK cells during the late phase of the immune response. It may also function in antigen presentation. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CXXC1 | CXXC finger protein 1|Proteins that contain a CXXC motif within their DNA-binding domain, such as CXXC1, recognize CpG sequences and regulate gene expression (Carlone and Skalnik, 2001 [PubMed 11604496]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| WNT2B | wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 2B|This gene encodes a member of the wingless-type MMTV integration site (WNT) family of highly conserved, secreted signaling factors. WNT family members function in a variety of developmental processes including regulation of cell growth and differentiation and are characterized by a WNT-core domain. This gene may play a role in human development as well as carcinogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| CXXC5 | CXXC finger protein 5| |
| CXXC4 | CXXC finger protein 4| |
| WTIP | Wilms tumor 1 interacting protein| |
| CTHRC1 | collagen triple helix repeat containing 1|This locus encodes a protein that may play a role in the cellular response to arterial injury through involvement in vascular remodeling. Mutations at this locus have been associated with Barrett esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| CARKD | carbohydrate kinase domain containing| |
| AGGF1 | angiogenic factor with G patch and FHA domains 1|This gene encodes an angiogenic factor that promotes proliferation of endothelial cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with a susceptibility to Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 3, 4, 10 and 16.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| LARP1 | La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 1| |
| RABL3 | RAB, member of RAS oncogene family-like 3| |
| CD93 | CD93 molecule|The protein encoded by this gene is a cell-surface glycoprotein and type I membrane protein that was originally identified as a myeloid cell-specific marker. The encoded protein was once thought to be a receptor for C1q, but now is thought to instead be involved in intercellular adhesion and in the clearance of apoptotic cells. The intracellular cytoplasmic tail of this protein has been found to interact with moesin, a protein known to play a role in linking transmembrane proteins to the cytoskeleton and in the remodelling of the cytoskeleton. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NXF1 | nuclear RNA export factor 1|This gene is one member of a family of nuclear RNA export factor genes. Common domain features of this family are a noncanonical RNP-type RNA-binding domain (RBD), 4 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a nuclear transport factor 2 (NTF2)-like domain that allows heterodimerization with NTF2-related export protein-1 (NXT1), and a ubiquitin-associated domain that mediates interactions with nucleoporins. The LRRs and NTF2-like domains are required for export activity. Alternative splicing seems to be a common mechanism in this gene family. The encoded protein of this gene shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and binds in vivo to poly(A)+ RNA. It is the vertebrate homologue of the yeast protein Mex67p. The encoded protein overcomes the mRNA export block caused by the presence of saturating amounts of CTE (constitutive transport element) RNA of type D retroviruses. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAGEA8 | melanoma antigen family A8|This gene is a member of the MAGEA gene family. The members of this family encode proteins with 50 to 80% sequence identity to each other. The promoters and first exons of the MAGEA genes show considerable variability, suggesting that the existence of this gene family enables the same function to be expressed under different transcriptional controls. The MAGEA genes are clustered at chromosomal location Xq28. They have been implicated in some hereditary disorders, such as dyskeratosis congenita. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| MAGEA3 | melanoma antigen family A3|This gene is a member of the MAGEA gene family. The members of this family encode proteins with 50 to 80% sequence identity to each other. The promoters and first exons of the MAGEA genes show considerable variability, suggesting that the existence of this gene family enables the same function to be expressed under different transcriptional controls. The MAGEA genes are clustered at chromosomal location Xq28. They have been implicated in some hereditary disorders, such as dyskeratosis congenita. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAGEA2 | melanoma antigen family A2|This gene is a member of the MAGEA gene family. The members of this family encode proteins with 50 to 80% sequence identity to each other. The promoters and first exons of the MAGEA genes show considerable variability, suggesting that the existence of this gene family enables the same function to be expressed under different transcriptional controls. The MAGEA genes are clustered at chromosomal location Xq28. They have been implicated in some hereditary disorders, such as dyskeratosis congenita. This gene has two identical copies at different loci. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAGEA1 | melanoma antigen family A1|This gene is a member of the MAGEA gene family. The members of this family encode proteins with 50 to 80% sequence identity to each other. The promoters and first exons of the MAGEA genes show considerable variability, suggesting that the existence of this gene family enables the same function to be expressed under different transcriptional controls. The MAGEA genes are clustered at chromosomal location Xq28. They have been implicated in some hereditary disorders, such as dyskeratosis congenita. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAGEA6 | melanoma antigen family A6|This gene is a member of the MAGEA gene family. The members of this family encode proteins with 50 to 80% sequence identity to each other. The promoters and first exons of the MAGEA genes show considerable variability, suggesting that the existence of this gene family enables the same function to be expressed under different transcriptional controls. The MAGEA genes are clustered at chromosomal location Xq28. They have been implicated in some hereditary disorders, such as dyskeratosis congenita. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| MAGEA4 | melanoma antigen family A4|This gene is a member of the MAGEA gene family. The members of this family encode proteins with 50 to 80% sequence identity to each other. The promoters and first exons of the MAGEA genes show considerable variability, suggesting that the existence of this gene family enables the same function to be expressed under different transcriptional controls. The MAGEA genes are clustered at chromosomal location Xq28. They have been implicated in some hereditary disorders, such as dyskeratosis congenita. At least four variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NFX1 | nuclear transcription factor, X-box binding 1|MHC class II gene expression is controlled primarily at the transcriptional level by transcription factors that bind to the X and Y boxes, two highly conserved elements in the proximal promoter of MHC class II genes. The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional repressor capable of binding to the conserved X box motif of HLA-DRA and other MHC class II genes in vitro. The protein may play a role in regulating the duration of an inflammatory response by limiting the period in which class II MHC molecules are induced by IFN-gamma. Three alternative splice variants, each of which encodes a different isoform, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OPN1SW | opsin 1 (cone pigments), short-wave-sensitive|This gene belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family, opsin subfamily. It encodes the blue cone pigment gene which is one of three types of cone photoreceptors responsible for normal color vision. Defects in this gene are the cause of tritan color blindness (tritanopia). Affected individuals lack blue and yellow sensory mechanisms while retaining those for red and green. Defective blue vision is characteristic. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EEA1 | early endosome antigen 1| |
| SLC5A3 | solute carrier family 5 (sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter), member 3| |
| RDH5 | retinol dehydrogenase 5 (11-cis/9-cis)|This gene encodes an enzyme belonging to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. This retinol dehydrogenase functions to catalyze the final step in the biosynthesis of 11-cis retinaldehyde, which is the universal chromophore of visual pigments. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal recessive fundus albipunctatus, a rare form of night blindness that is characterized by a delay in the regeneration of cone and rod photopigments. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the neighboring upstream BLOC1S1 (biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex-1, subunit 1) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| OPHN1 | oligophrenin 1|This gene encodes a Rho-GTPase-activating protein that promotes GTP hydrolysis of Rho subfamily members. Rho proteins are important mediators of intracellular signal transduction, which affects cell migration and cell morphogenesis. Mutations in this gene are responsible for OPHN1-related X-linked mental retardation with cerebellar hypoplasia and distinctive facial dysmorhphism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF682 | zinc finger protein 682| |
| CCDC37 | coiled-coil domain containing 37| |
| SLIT3 | slit homolog 3 (Drosophila)|The protein encoded by this gene is secreted, likely interacting with roundabout homolog receptors to effect cell migration. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| GCDH | glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. It catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of glutaryl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA and CO(2) in the degradative pathway of L-lysine, L-hydroxylysine, and L-tryptophan metabolism. It uses electron transfer flavoprotein as its electron acceptor. The enzyme exists in the mitochondrial matrix as a homotetramer of 45-kD subunits. Mutations in this gene result in the metabolic disorder glutaric aciduria type 1, which is also known as glutaric acidemia type I. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| SLIT1 | slit homolog 1 (Drosophila)| |
| HOMER1 | homer scaffolding protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the homer family of dendritic proteins. Members of this family regulate group 1 metabotrophic glutamate receptor function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FIP1L1 | factor interacting with PAPOLA and CPSF1|This gene encodes a subunit of the CPSF (cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor) complex that polyadenylates the 3' end of mRNA precursors. This gene, the homolog of yeast Fip1 (factor interacting with PAP), binds to U-rich sequences of pre-mRNA and stimulates poly(A) polymerase activity. Its N-terminus contains a PAP-binding site and its C-terminus an RNA-binding domain. An interstitial chromosomal deletion on 4q12 creates an in-frame fusion of human genes FIP1L1 and PDGFRA (platelet-derived growth factor receptor, alpha). The FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion gene encodes a constitutively activated tyrosine kinase that joins the first 233 amino acids of FIP1L1 to the last 523 amino acids of PDGFRA. This gene fusion and chromosomal deletion is the cause of some forms of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). This syndrome, recently reclassified as chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL), is responsive to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| HOMER3 | homer scaffolding protein 3|This gene encodes a member of the HOMER family of postsynaptic density scaffolding proteins that share a similar domain structure consisting of an N-terminal Enabled/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein homology 1 domain which mediates protein-protein interactions, and a carboxy-terminal coiled-coil domain and two leucine zipper motifs that are involved in self-oligomerization. The encoded protein binds numerous other proteins including group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors and amyloid precursor proteins and has been implicated in diverse biological functions such as neuronal signaling, T-cell activation and trafficking of amyloid beta peptides. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| HOMER2 | homer scaffolding protein 2|This gene encodes a member of the homer family of dendritic proteins. Members of this family regulate group 1 metabotrophic glutamate receptor function. The encoded protein is a postsynaptic density scaffolding protein. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Two related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosome 14. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| UCN2 | urocortin 2|This gene is a member of the sauvagine/corticotropin-releasing factor/urotensin I family. It is structurally related to the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) gene and the encoded product is an endogenous ligand for CRF type 2 receptors. In the brain it may be responsible for the effects of stress on appetite. In spite of the gene family name similarity, the product of this gene has no sequence similarity to urotensin II. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UXS1 | UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase 1|This gene encodes an enzyme found in the perinuclear Golgi which catalyzes the synthesis of UDP-xylose used in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis on proteoglycans. The GAG chains are covalently attached to proteoglycans which participate in signaling pathways during development. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| NOLC1 | nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1| |
| MYRIP | myosin VIIA and Rab interacting protein| |
| FXN | frataxin|This nuclear gene encodes a mitochondrial protein which belongs to FRATAXIN family. The protein functions in regulating mitochondrial iron transport and respiration. The expansion of intronic trinucleotide repeat GAA results in Friedreich ataxia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| FEZ1 | fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 1 (zygin I)|This gene is an ortholog of the C. elegans unc-76 gene, which is necessary for normal axonal bundling and elongation within axon bundles. Expression of this gene in C. elegans unc-76 mutants can restore to the mutants partial locomotion and axonal fasciculation, suggesting that it also functions in axonal outgrowth. The N-terminal half of the gene product is highly acidic. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms of this protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPL29 | ribosomal protein L29|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a cytoplasmic ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L29E family of ribosomal proteins. The protein is also a peripheral membrane protein expressed on the cell surface that directly binds heparin. Although this gene was previously reported to map to 3q29-qter, it is believed that it is located at 3p21.3-p21.2. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPL28 | ribosomal protein L28|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L28E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. Variable expression of this gene in colorectal cancers compared to adjacent normal tissues has been observed, although no correlation between the level of expression and the severity of the disease has been found. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| UCN3 | urocortin 3|This gene is a member of the sauvagine/corticotropin-releasing factor/urotensin I family. It is structurally related to the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) gene and the encoded product is an endogenous ligand for CRF type 2 receptors. In the brain it may be responsible for the effects of stress on appetite. In spite of the gene family name similarity, the product of this gene has no sequence similarity to urotensin II. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| THAP1 | THAP domain containing, apoptosis associated protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene contains a THAP domain, a conserved DNA-binding domain. This protein colocalizes with the apoptosis response protein PAWR/PAR-4 in promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies, and functions as a proapoptotic factor that links PAWR to PML nuclear bodies. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| THAP2 | THAP domain containing, apoptosis associated protein 2| |
| THAP3 | THAP domain containing, apoptosis associated protein 3| |
| THAP4 | THAP domain containing 4| |
| THAP5 | THAP domain containing 5| |
| THAP6 | THAP domain containing 6| |
| THAP7 | THAP domain containing 7| |
| THAP8 | THAP domain containing 8| |
| YRDC | yrdC N(6)-threonylcarbamoyltransferase domain containing| |
| KTI12 | KTI12 homolog, chromatin associated (S. cerevisiae)| |
| SYBU | syntabulin (syntaxin-interacting)|Syntabulin/GOLSYN is part of a kinesin motor-adaptor complex that is critical for the anterograde axonal transport of active zone components and contributes to activity-dependent presynaptic assembly during neuronal development (Cai et al., 2007 [PubMed 17611281]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| IQCG | IQ motif containing G| |
| CHID1 | chitinase domain containing 1| |
| FOXL1 | forkhead box L1|This gene encodes a member of the forkhead/winged helix-box (FOX) family of transcription factors. FOX transcription factors are characterized by a distinct DNA-binding forkhead domain and play critical roles in the regulation of multiple processes including metabolism, cell proliferation and gene expression during ontogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| EWSR1 | EWS RNA-binding protein 1|This gene encodes a multifunctional protein that is involved in various cellular processes, including gene expression, cell signaling, and RNA processing and transport. The protein includes an N-terminal transcriptional activation domain and a C-terminal RNA-binding domain. Chromosomal translocations between this gene and various genes encoding transcription factors result in the production of chimeric proteins that are involved in tumorigenesis. These chimeric proteins usually consist of the N-terminal transcriptional activation domain of this protein fused to the C-terminal DNA-binding domain of the transcription factor protein. Mutations in this gene, specifically a t(11;22)(q24;q12) translocation, are known to cause Ewing sarcoma as well as neuroectodermal and various other tumors. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 1 and 14. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| ZNF724P | zinc finger protein 724, pseudogene| |
| TRIM11 | tripartite motif containing 11|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This protein localizes to the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Its function has not been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIM10 | tripartite motif containing 10|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This protein localizes to cytoplasmic bodies. Studies in mice suggest that this protein plays a role in terminal differentiation of erythroid cells. Alternate splicing of this gene generates two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIM13 | tripartite motif containing 13|This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This gene is located on chromosome 13 within the minimal deletion region for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AMHR2 | anti-Mullerian hormone receptor, type II|This gene encodes the receptor for the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) which, in addition to testosterone, results in male sex differentiation. AMH and testosterone are produced in the testes by different cells and have different effects. Testosterone promotes the development of male genitalia while the binding of AMH to the encoded receptor prevents the development of the mullerian ducts into uterus and Fallopian tubes. Mutations in this gene are associated with persistent Mullerian duct syndrome type II. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| TRIM15 | tripartite motif containing 15|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to the cytoplasm. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIM14 | tripartite motif containing 14|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to cytoplasmic bodies and its function has not been determined. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| TRIM17 | tripartite motif containing 17|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to cytoplasmic bodies. The protein is expressed almost exclusively in the testis, but its function is unknown. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIM16 | tripartite motif containing 16|This gene was identified as an estrogen and anti-estrogen regulated gene in epithelial cells stably expressing estrogen receptor. The protein encoded by this gene contains two B box domains and a coiled-coiled region that are characteristic of the B box zinc finger protein family. The proteins of this family have been reported to be involved in a variety of biological processes including cell growth, differentiation and pathogenesis. Expression of this gene was detected in most tissues. Its function, however, has not yet been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TAC4 | tachykinin 4 (hemokinin)|This gene is a member of the tachykinin family of neurotransmitter-encoding genes. Tachykinin proteins are cleaved into small, secreted peptides that activate members of a family of receptor proteins. The products of this gene preferentially activate tachykinin receptor 1, and are thought to regulate peripheral endocrine and paracrine functions including blood pressure, the immune system, and endocrine gland secretion. The products of this gene lack a dibasic cleavage site found in other tachykinin proteins. Consequently, the nature of the cleavage products generated in vivo remains to be determined. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM58A | family with sequence similarity 58, member A|Mutations in this gene have been shown to cause an X-linked dominant STAR syndrome that typically manifests syndactyly, telecanthus and anogenital and renal malformations. The protein encoded by this gene contains a cyclin-box-fold domain which suggests it may have a role in controlling nuclear cell division cycles. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| SLC48A1 | solute carrier family 48 (heme transporter), member 1| |
| CYP4F8 | cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily F, polypeptide 8|This gene, CYP4F8, encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and functions as a 19-hydroxylase of prostaglandins in seminal vesicles. This gene is part of a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes on chromosome 19. Another member of this family, CYP4F3, is approximately 18 kb away. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PES1 | pescadillo ribosomal biogenesis factor 1|This gene encodes a nuclear protein that contains a breast cancer associated gene 1 (BRCA1) C-terminal interaction domain. The encoded protein interacts with BOP1 and WDR12 to form the PeBoW complex, which plays a critical role in cell proliferation via pre-rRNA processing and 60S ribosomal subunit maturation. Expression of this gene may play an important role in breast cancer proliferation and tumorigenicity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on the long arm of chromosome 4 and the short arm of chromosome 9. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| HDAC2 | histone deacetylase 2|This gene product belongs to the histone deacetylase family. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes, and are responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues at the N-terminal regions of core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). This protein forms transcriptional repressor complexes by associating with many different proteins, including YY1, a mammalian zinc-finger transcription factor. Thus, it plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| NOSTRIN | nitric oxide synthase trafficking|Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent mediator in biologic processes such as neurotransmission, inflammatory response, and vascular homeostasis. NOSTRIN binds the enzyme responsible for NO production, endothelial NO synthase (ENOS; MIM 163729), and triggers the translocation of ENOS from the plasma membrane to vesicle-like subcellular structures, thereby attenuating ENOS-dependent NO production.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| RCBTB2 | regulator of chromosome condensation (RCC1) and BTB (POZ) domain containing protein 2|This gene encodes a protein containing two C-terminal BTB/POZ domains that is related to regulator of chromosome condensation (RCC). The encoded protein may act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor. This gene is observed to be lost or underexpressed in prostate cancers. There is a pseudogene of this gene on chromosome 10. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| RCBTB1 | regulator of chromosome condensation (RCC1) and BTB (POZ) domain containing protein 1|This gene encodes a protein with an N-terminal RCC1 domain and a C-terminal BTB (broad complex, tramtrack and bric-a-brac) domain. In rat, over-expression of this gene in vascular smooth muscle cells induced cellular hypertrophy. In rat, the C-terminus of RCBTB1 interacts with the angiotensin II receptor-1A. In humans, this gene maps to a region of chromosome 13q that is frequently deleted in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other lymphoid malignancies. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MUC16 | mucin 16, cell surface associated| |
| WNK2 | WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytoplasmic serine-threonine kinase that belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. The protein plays an important role in the regulation of electrolyte homeostasis, cell signaling survival, and proliferation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| HDAC5 | histone deacetylase 5|Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the class II histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. It possesses histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription when tethered to a promoter. It coimmunoprecipitates only with HDAC3 family member and might form multicomplex proteins. It also interacts with myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) proteins, resulting in repression of MEF2-dependent genes. This gene is thought to be associated with colon cancer. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CYP4F2 | cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily F, polypeptide 2|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. The enzyme starts the process of inactivating and degrading leukotriene B4, a potent mediator of inflammation. This gene is part of a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes on chromosome 19. Another member of this family, CYP4F11, is approximately 16 kb away. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARL2BP | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 binding protein|ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)-like proteins (ARLs) comprise a functionally distinct group of the ARF family of RAS-related GTPases. The protein encoded by this gene binds to ARL2.GTP with high affinity but does not interact with ARL2.GDP, activated ARF, or RHO proteins. The lack of detectable membrane association of this protein or ARL2 upon activation of ARL2 is suggestive of actions distinct from those of the ARFs. This protein is considered to be the first ARL2-specific effector identified, due to its interaction with ARL2.GTP but lack of ARL2 GTPase-activating protein activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HDAC4 | histone deacetylase 4|Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to class II of the histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. It possesses histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription when tethered to a promoter. This protein does not bind DNA directly, but through transcription factors MEF2C and MEF2D. It seems to interact in a multiprotein complex with RbAp48 and HDAC3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ASB2 | ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 2|This gene encodes a member of the ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing (ASB) protein family. These proteins play a role in protein degradation by coupling suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins with the elongin BC complex. The encoded protein is a subunit of a multimeric E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that mediates the degradation of actin-binding proteins. This gene plays a role in retinoic acid-induced growth inhibition and differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| ANKRD30A | ankyrin repeat domain 30A| |
| ASB1 | ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing (ASB) family of proteins. They contain ankyrin repeat sequence and SOCS box domain. The SOCS box serves to couple suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins and their binding partners with the elongin B and C complex, possibly targeting them for degradation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ASB6 | ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 6|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a family of ankyrin repeat proteins that, along with four other protein families, contain a C-terminal SOCS box motif. Growing evidence suggests that the SOCS box, similar to the F-box, acts as a bridge between specific substrate-binding domains and the more generic proteins that comprise a large family of E3 ubiquitin protein ligases. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| ASB7 | ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 7|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a family of ankyrin repeat proteins that, along with four other protein families, contains a C-terminal SOCS box motif. Growing evidence suggests that the SOCS box acts as a bridge between specific substrate-binding domains and the more generic proteins that comprise a large family of E3 ubiquitin protein ligases. In this way, SOCS box containing proteins may regulate protein turnover by targeting proteins for polyubiquination and, therefore, for proteasome-mediated degradation. Two alternative transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ASB4 | ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing (ASB) family of proteins. They contain ankyrin repeat sequence and SOCS box domain. The SOCS box serves to couple suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins and their binding partners with the elongin B and C complex, possibly targeting them for degradation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene but some of the full length sequences are not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ASB5 | ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing (ASB) family of proteins. They contain ankyrin repeat sequence and SOCS box domain. The SOCS box serves to couple suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins and their binding partners with the elongin B and C complex, possibly targeting them for degradation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene but their full length sequences are not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ASB8 | ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 8| |
| ASB9 | ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 9|This gene encodes a member of the ankyrin repeat and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) box protein family. Members of this family can interact with the elongin B-C adapter complex via their SOCS box domain and further complex with the cullin and ring box proteins to form E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes. They may function to mediate the substrate-recognition of the E3 ubiquitin ligases. A transcribed pseudogene of this gene has been identified on chromosome 15. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| SAG | S-antigen; retina and pineal gland (arrestin)|Members of arrestin/beta-arrestin protein family are thought to participate in agonist-mediated desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors and cause specific dampening of cellular responses to stimuli such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or sensory signals. S-arrestin, also known as S-antigen, is a major soluble photoreceptor protein that is involved in desensitization of the photoactivated transduction cascade. It is expressed in the retina and the pineal gland and inhibits coupling of rhodopsin to transducin in vitro. Additionally, S-arrestin is highly antigenic, and is capable of inducing experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Oguchi disease, a rare autosomal recessive form of night blindness. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLX4 | SLX4 structure-specific endonuclease subunit|This gene encodes a structure-specific endonuclease subunit. The encoded protein contains a central BTB domain and it forms a multiprotein complex with the ERCC4(XPF)-ERCC1, MUS81-EME1, and SLX1 endonucleases, and also associates with MSH2/MSH3 mismatch repair complex, telomere binding complex TERF2(TRF2)-TERF2IP(RAP1), the protein kinase PLK1 and the uncharacterized protein C20orf94. The multiprotein complex is required for repair of specific types of DNA lesions and is critical for cellular responses to replication fork failure. The encoded protein acts as a docking platform for the assembly of multiple structure-specific endonucleases.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| FEZ2 | fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 2 (zygin II)|This gene is an ortholog of the C. elegans unc-76 gene, which is necessary for normal axonal bundling and elongation within axon bundles. Other orthologs include the rat gene that encodes zygin II, which can bind to synaptotagmin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KDM6B | lysine (K)-specific demethylase 6B| |
| FAM160A2 | family with sequence similarity 160, member A2| |
| RGS7 | regulator of G-protein signaling 7| |
| ZNF587B | zinc finger protein 587B| |
| HDAC8 | histone deacetylase 8|Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to class I of the histone deacetylase family. It catalyzes the deacetylation of lysine residues in the histone N-terminal tails and represses transcription in large multiprotein complexes with transcriptional co-repressors. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| C2orf50 | chromosome 2 open reading frame 50| |
| C2orf57 | chromosome 2 open reading frame 57| |
| ATG7 | autophagy related 7|This gene was identified based on homology to Pichia pastoris GSA7 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae APG7. In the yeast, the protein appears to be required for fusion of peroxisomal and vacuolar membranes. The protein shows homology to the ATP-binding and catalytic sites of the E1 ubiquitin activating enzymes. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| EEF1B2 | eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2|This gene encodes a translation elongation factor. The protein is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor involved in the transfer of aminoacylated tRNAs to the ribosome. Alternative splicing results in three transcript variants which differ only in the 5' UTR. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DPY30 | dpy-30 homolog (C. elegans)|DPY30 is a component of a Set1-like multiprotein histone methyltransferase complex (Cho et al., 2007 [PubMed 17500065]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2008] |
| ATG5 | autophagy related 5| |
| CHM | choroideremia (Rab escort protein 1)|This gene encodes component A of the RAB geranylgeranyl transferase holoenzyme. In the dimeric holoenzyme, this subunit binds unprenylated Rab GTPases and then presents them to the catalytic Rab GGTase subunit for the geranylgeranyl transfer reaction. Rab GTPases need to be geranylgeranyled on either one or two cysteine residues in their C-terminus to localize to the correct intracellular membrane. Mutations in this gene are a cause of choroideremia; also known as tapetochoroidal dystrophy (TCD). This X-linked disease is characterized by progressive dystrophy of the choroid, retinal pigment epithelium and retina. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| HTR1D | 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1D, G protein-coupled| |
| RINT1 | RAD50 interactor 1| |
| TBL2 | transducin (beta)-like 2|This gene encodes a member of the beta-transducin protein family. Most proteins of the beta-transducin family are involved in regulatory functions. This protein is possibly involved in some intracellular signaling pathway. This gene is deleted in Williams-Beuren syndrome, a developmental disorder caused by deletion of multiple genes at 7q11.23. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TBL3 | transducin (beta)-like 3|The protein encoded by this gene has sequence similarity with members of the WD40 repeat-containing protein family. The WD40 group is a large family of proteins, which appear to have a regulatory function. It is believed that the WD40 repeats mediate protein-protein interactions and members of the family are involved in signal transduction, RNA processing, gene regulation, vesicular trafficking, cytoskeletal assembly and may play a role in the control of cytotypic differentiation. This gene has multiple polyadenylation sites. It might have multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants but the variants have not been fully described yet. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPINK6 | serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 6|The protein encoded by this gene is a Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor that acts on kallikrein-related peptidases in the skin. Two transcript variants the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| SH3BGRL | SH3 domain binding glutamate-rich protein like| |
| KHNYN | KH and NYN domain containing|This gene encodes a protein containing a ribonuclease NYN domain. The function of this protein has yet to be determined. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| PDE8A | phosphodiesterase 8A|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) family, and PDE8 subfamily. This PDE hydrolyzes the second messenger, cAMP, which is a regulator and mediator of a number of cellular responses to extracellular signals. Thus, by regulating the cellular concentration of cAMP, this protein plays a key role in many important physiological processes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| PDE8B | phosphodiesterase 8B|The protein encoded by this gene is a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the second messenger cAMP. The encoded protein, which does not hydrolyze cGMP, is resistant to several PDE inhibitors. Defects in this gene are a cause of autosomal dominant striatal degeneration (ADSD). Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| DBI | diazepam binding inhibitor (GABA receptor modulator, acyl-CoA binding protein)|This gene encodes diazepam binding inhibitor, a protein that is regulated by hormones and is involved in lipid metabolism and the displacement of beta-carbolines and benzodiazepines, which modulate signal transduction at type A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors located in brain synapses. The protein is conserved from yeast to mammals, with the most highly conserved domain consisting of seven contiguous residues that constitute the hydrophobic binding site for medium- and long-chain acyl-Coenzyme A esters. Diazepam binding inhibitor is also known to mediate the feedback regulation of pancreatic secretion and the postprandial release of cholecystokinin, in addition to its role as a mediator in corticotropin-dependent adrenal steroidogenesis. Three pseudogenes located on chromosomes 6, 8 and 16 have been identified. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DBH | dopamine beta-hydroxylase (dopamine beta-monooxygenase)|The protein encoded by this gene is an oxidoreductase belonging to the copper type II, ascorbate-dependent monooxygenase family. It is present in the synaptic vesicles of postganglionic sympathetic neurons and converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It exists in both soluble and membrane-bound forms, depending on the absence or presence, respectively, of a signal peptide. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DGCR6L | DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 6-like|This gene, the result of a duplication at this locus, is one of two functional genes encoding nearly identical proteins that have similar expression patterns. The product of this gene is a protein that shares homology with the Drosophila gonadal protein, expressed in gonadal tissues and germ cells, and with the human laminin gamma-1 chain that functions in cell attachment and migration. This gene is located in a region of chromosome 22 implicated in the DiGeorge syndrome, one facet of a broader collection of anomalies referred to as the CATCH 22 syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MANBA | mannosidase, beta A, lysosomal|This gene encodes a member of the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family. The encoded protein localizes to the lysosome where it is the final exoglycosidase in the pathway for N-linked glycoprotein oligosaccharide catabolism. Mutations in this gene are associated with beta-mannosidosis, a lysosomal storage disease that has a wide spectrum of neurological involvement. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RGS8 | regulator of G-protein signaling 8|This gene is a member of the regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) family and encodes a protein with a single RGS domain. Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins are regulatory and structural components of G protein-coupled receptor complexes. They accelerate transit through the cycle of GTP binding and hydrolysis to GDP, thereby terminating signal transduction, but paradoxically, also accelerate receptor-stimulated activation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TC2N | tandem C2 domains, nuclear| |
| PGAM4 | phosphoglycerate mutase family member 4|This intronless gene appears to have arisen from a retrotransposition event, yet it is thought to be an expressed, protein-coding gene. The encoded protein is a member of the phosphoglycerate mutase family, a set of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| ZNF174 | zinc finger protein 174| |
| FABP5 | fatty acid binding protein 5 (psoriasis-associated)|This gene encodes the fatty acid binding protein found in epidermal cells, and was first identified as being upregulated in psoriasis tissue. Fatty acid binding proteins are a family of small, highly conserved, cytoplasmic proteins that bind long-chain fatty acids and other hydrophobic ligands. FABPs may play roles in fatty acid uptake, transport, and metabolism. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with type 2 diabetes. The human genome contains many pseudogenes similar to this locus.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| CUBN | cubilin (intrinsic factor-cobalamin receptor)|Cubilin (CUBN) acts as a receptor for intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 complexes. The role of receptor is supported by the presence of 27 CUB domains. Cubulin is located within the epithelium of intestine and kidney. Mutations in CUBN may play a role in autosomal recessive megaloblastic anemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EYA3 | EYA transcriptional coactivator and phosphatase 3|This gene encodes a member of the eyes absent (EYA) family of proteins. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional activator and have a role during development. It can act as a mediator of chemoresistance and cell survival in Ewing sarcoma cells, where this gene is up-regulated via a micro-RNA that binds to the 3' UTR of the transcript. A similar protein in mice acts as a transcriptional activator. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| EXOSC8 | exosome component 8|This gene encodes a 3'-5' exoribonuclease that specifically interacts with mRNAs containing AU-rich elements. The encoded protein is part of the exosome complex that is important for the degradation of numerous RNA species. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| DBP | D site of albumin promoter (albumin D-box) binding protein|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the PAR bZIP transcription factor family and binds to specific sequences in the promoters of several genes, such as albumin, CYP2A4, and CYP2A5. The encoded protein can bind DNA as a homo- or heterodimer and is involved in the regulation of some circadian rhythm genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| UQCRFS1 | ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, Rieske iron-sulfur polypeptide 1| |
| TAF5L | TAF5-like RNA polymerase II, p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF)-associated factor, 65kDa|The product of this gene belongs to the WD-repeat TAF5 family of proteins. This gene encodes a protein that is a component of the PCAF histone acetylase complex. The PCAF histone acetylase complex, which is composed of more than 20 polypeptides some of which are TAFs, is required for myogenic transcription and differentiation. TAFs may participate in basal transcription, serve as coactivators, function in promoter recognition or modify general transcription factors to facilitate complex assembly and transcription initiation. The encoded protein is structurally similar to one of the histone-like TAFs, TAF5. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DDX43 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 43|The protein encoded by this gene is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase in the DEAD-box family and displays tumor-specific expression. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM43 | transmembrane protein 43|This gene belongs to the TMEM43 family. Defects in this gene are the cause of familial arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia type 5 (ARVD5), also known as arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy type 5 (ARVC5). Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is an inherited disorder, often involving both ventricles, and is characterized by ventricular tachycardia, heart failure, sudden cardiac death, and fibrofatty replacement of cardiomyocytes. This gene contains a response element for PPAR gamma (an adipogenic transcription factor), which may explain the fibrofatty replacement of the myocardium, a characteristic pathological finding in ARVC. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| NHLH2 | nescient helix loop helix 2| |
| ZNF177 | zinc finger protein 177| |
| IGLC2 | immunoglobulin lambda constant 2 (Kern-Oz- marker)| |
| PGAM1 | phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (brain)|Phosphoglyceric acid mutase (EC 2.7.5.3) is widely distributed in mammalian tissues where it catalyzes the reversible reaction of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) to 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PGA) in the glycolytic pathway (summary by Chen et al., 1974 [PubMed 4811757]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| SERINC1 | serine incorporator 1| |
| SERINC3 | serine incorporator 3| |
| ASTE1 | asteroid homolog 1 (Drosophila)| |
| CLDN15 | claudin 15|This gene encodes a member of the claudin family. Claudins are integral membrane proteins and components of tight junction strands. Tight junction strands serve as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space between epithelial or endothelial cell sheets, and also play critical roles in maintaining cell polarity and signal transductions. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| GABRA5 | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 5|GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain where it acts at GABA-A receptors, which are ligand-gated chloride channels. Chloride conductance of these channels can be modulated by agents such as benzodiazepines that bind to the GABA-A receptor. At least 16 distinct subunits of GABA-A receptors have been identified. Transcript variants utilizing three different alternative non-coding first exons have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MED1 | mediator complex subunit 1|The activation of gene transcription is a multistep process that is triggered by factors that recognize transcriptional enhancer sites in DNA. These factors work with co-activators to direct transcriptional initiation by the RNA polymerase II apparatus. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the CRSP (cofactor required for SP1 activation) complex, which, along with TFIID, is required for efficient activation by SP1. This protein is also a component of other multisubunit complexes e.g. thyroid hormone receptor-(TR-) associated proteins which interact with TR and facilitate TR function on DNA templates in conjunction with initiation factors and cofactors. It also regulates p53-dependent apoptosis and it is essential for adipogenesis. This protein is known to have the ability to self-oligomerize. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MED6 | mediator complex subunit 6| |
| MED7 | mediator complex subunit 7|The activation of gene transcription is a multistep process that is triggered by factors that recognize transcriptional enhancer sites in DNA. These factors work with co-activators to direct transcriptional initiation by the RNA polymerase II apparatus. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the CRSP (cofactor required for SP1 activation) complex, which, along with TFIID, is required for efficient activation by SP1. This protein is also a component of other multisubunit complexes e.g. thyroid hormone receptor-(TR-) associated proteins which interact with TR and facilitate TR function on DNA templates in conjunction with initiation factors and cofactors. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MED4 | mediator complex subunit 4|This gene encodes a component of the Mediator complex. The Mediator complex interacts with DNA-binding gene-specific transcription factors to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| GABRA4 | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 4|Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain where it acts at GABA-A receptors, which are ligand-gated chloride channels. Chloride conductance of these channels can be modulated by agents such as benzodiazepines that bind to the GABA-A receptor. At least 16 distinct subunits of GABA-A receptors have been identified. This gene encodes subunit alpha-4, which is involved in the etiology of autism and eventually increases autism risk through interaction with another subunit, gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor beta-1 (GABRB1). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found in this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| PINK1 | PTEN induced putative kinase 1|This gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that localizes to mitochondria. It is thought to protect cells from stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Mutations in this gene cause one form of autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MED8 | mediator complex subunit 8|This gene encodes a protein component of the mediator complex, which aids in transcriptional activation through interaction with RNA polymerase II and gene-specific transcription factors. The encoded protein may also function in ubiquitin ligation and protein degradation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| MED9 | mediator complex subunit 9|The multiprotein Mediator complex is a coactivator required for activation of RNA polymerase II transcription by DNA bound transcription factors. The protein encoded by this gene is thought to be a subunit of the Mediator complex. This gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MNX1 | motor neuron and pancreas homeobox 1|This gene encodes a nuclear protein, which contains a homeobox domain and is a transcription factor. Mutations in this gene result in Currarino syndrome, an autosomic dominant congenital malformation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| SCAP | SREBF chaperone|This gene encodes a protein with a sterol sensing domain (SSD) and seven WD domains. In the presence of cholesterol, this protein binds to sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) and mediates their transport from the ER to the Golgi. The SREBPs are then proteolytically cleaved and regulate sterol biosynthesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF600 | zinc finger protein 600| |
| GABRA6 | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 6|GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain where it acts at GABA-A receptors, which are ligand-gated chloride channels. Chloride conductance of these channels can be modulated by agents such as benzodiazepines that bind to the GABA-A receptor. At least 16 distinct subunits of GABA-A receptors have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF606 | zinc finger protein 606| |
| ZNF607 | zinc finger protein 607| |
| CDX4 | caudal type homeobox 4|This gene encodes a member of a small subfamily of homeobox containing transcription factors. The encoded protein may regulate homeobox gene expression during anteroposterior patterning and hematopoiesis. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| ZGPAT | zinc finger, CCCH-type with G patch domain| |
| TREX2 | three prime repair exonuclease 2|This gene encodes a nuclear protein with 3' to 5' exonuclease activity. The encoded protein participates in double-stranded DNA break repair, and may interact with DNA polymerase delta. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| PIN1P1 | peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1 pseudogene 1| |
| ZNF608 | zinc finger protein 608| |
| TREX1 | three prime repair exonuclease 1|This gene encodes a nuclear protein with 3' exonuclease activity. The encoded protein may play a role in DNA repair and serve as a proofreading function for DNA polymerase. Mutations in this gene result in Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome, chilblain lupus, Cree encephalitis, and other diseases of the immune system. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012] |
| ANGPTL5 | angiopoietin-like 5| |
| CAMTA2 | calmodulin binding transcription activator 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the calmodulin-binding transcription activator protein family. Members of this family share a common domain structure that consists of a transcription activation domain, a DNA-binding domain, and a calmodulin-binding domain. The encoded protein may be a transcriptional coactivator of genes involved in cardiac growth. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| AKR1C2 | aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C2|This gene encodes a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and proteins. These enzymes catalyze the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols using NADH and/or NADPH as cofactors. The enzymes display overlapping but distinct substrate specificity. This enzyme binds bile acid with high affinity, and shows minimal 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. This gene shares high sequence identity with three other gene members and is clustered with those three genes at chromosome 10p15-p14. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| HPR | haptoglobin-related protein|This gene encodes a haptoglobin-related protein that binds hemoglobin as efficiently as haptoglobin. Unlike haptoglobin, plasma concentration of this protein is unaffected in patients with sickle cell anemia and extensive intravascular hemolysis, suggesting a difference in binding between haptoglobin-hemoglobin and haptoglobin-related protein-hemoglobin complexes to CD163, the hemoglobin scavenger receptor. This protein may also be a clinically important predictor of recurrence of breast cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| PPP1R9A | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 9A|This gene is imprinted, and located in a cluster of imprinted genes on chromosome 7q12. This gene is transcribed in both neuronal and multiple embryonic tissues, and it is maternally expressed mainly in embryonic skeletal muscle tissues and biallelically expressed in other embryonic tissues. The protein encoded by this gene includes a PDZ domain and a sterile alpha motif (SAM). It is a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase I, and controls actin cytoskeleton reorganization. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| POP7 | processing of precursor 7, ribonuclease P/MRP subunit (S. cerevisiae)| |
| TDRP | testis development related protein| |
| AKR1C3 | aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C3|This gene encodes a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and proteins. These enzymes catalyze the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols by utilizing NADH and/or NADPH as cofactors. The enzymes display overlapping but distinct substrate specificity. This enzyme catalyzes the reduction of prostaglandin (PG) D2, PGH2 and phenanthrenequinone (PQ), and the oxidation of 9alpha,11beta-PGF2 to PGD2. It may play an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases such as asthma, and may also have a role in controlling cell growth and/or differentiation. This gene shares high sequence identity with three other gene members and is clustered with those three genes at chromosome 10p15-p14. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| GCA | grancalcin, EF-hand calcium binding protein|This gene product, grancalcin, is a calcium-binding protein abundant in neutrophils and macrophages. It belongs to the penta-EF-hand subfamily of proteins which includes sorcin, calpain, and ALG-2. Grancalcin localization is dependent upon calcium and magnesium. In the absence of divalent cation, grancalcin localizes to the cytosolic fraction; with magnesium alone, it partitions with the granule fraction; and in the presence of magnesium and calcium, it associates with both the granule and membrane fractions, suggesting a role for grancalcin in granule-membrane fusion and degranulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TCF4 | transcription factor 4|This gene encodes transcription factor 4, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor. The encoded protein recognizes an Ephrussi-box ('E-box') binding site ('CANNTG') - a motif first identified in immunoglobulin enhancers. This gene is broadly expressed, and may play an important role in nervous system development. Defects in this gene are a cause of Pitt-Hopkins syndrome. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different proteins have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| TCF7 | transcription factor 7 (T-cell specific, HMG-box)|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional activator that plays an important role in lymphocyte differentiation. This gene is expressed predominantly in T-cells. The encoded protein can bind an enhancer element and activate the CD3E gene, and it also may repress the CTNNB1 and TCF7L2 genes through a feedback mechanism. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| POP5 | processing of precursor 5, ribonuclease P/MRP subunit (S. cerevisiae)| |
| TCF3 | transcription factor 3|This gene encodes a member of the E protein (class I) family of helix-loop-helix transcription factors. E proteins activate transcription by binding to regulatory E-box sequences on target genes as heterodimers or homodimers, and are inhibited by heterodimerization with inhibitor of DNA-binding (class IV) helix-loop-helix proteins. E proteins play a critical role in lymphopoiesis, and the encoded protein is required for B and T lymphocyte development. Deletion of this gene or diminished activity of the encoded protein may play a role in lymphoid malignancies. This gene is also involved in several chromosomal translocations that are associated with lymphoid malignancies including pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (t(1;19), with PBX1), childhood leukemia (t(19;19), with TFPT) and acute leukemia (t(12;19), with ZNF384). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 9. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| BVES | blood vessel epicardial substance|This gene encodes a member of the POP family of proteins containing three putative transmembrane domains. This gene is expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle and may play an important role in development of these tissues. The mouse ortholog may be involved in the regeneration of adult skeletal muscle and may act as a cell adhesion molecule in coronary vasculogenesis. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| GCK | glucokinase (hexokinase 4)|Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate, the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways. Alternative splicing of this gene results in three tissue-specific forms of glucokinase, one found in pancreatic islet beta cells and two found in liver. The protein localizes to the outer membrane of mitochondria. In contrast to other forms of hexokinase, this enzyme is not inhibited by its product glucose-6-phosphate but remains active while glucose is abundant. Mutations in this gene have been associated with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), maturity onset diabetes of the young, type 2 (MODY2) and persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI). [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| POP4 | processing of precursor 4, ribonuclease P/MRP subunit (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes one of the protein subunits of the small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complexes: the endoribonuclease for mitochondrial RNA processing complex and the ribonuclease P complex. The encoded protein is localized to the nucleus and associates directly with the RNA component of these complexes. This protein is involved in processing of precursor RNAs. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| WNK4 | WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4|This gene encodes a member of the WNK family of serine-threonine protein kinases. The kinase is part of the tight junction complex in kidney cells, and regulates the balance between NaCl reabsorption and K(+) secretion. The kinase regulates the activities of several types of ion channels, cotransporters, and exchangers involved in electrolyte flux in epithelial cells. Mutations in this gene result in pseudohypoaldosteronism type IIB.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| NPFFR1 | neuropeptide FF receptor 1| |
| GPR116 | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor F5| |
| EPS8L1 | EPS8-like 1|This gene encodes a protein that is related to epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 (EPS8), a substrate for the epidermal growth factor receptor. The function of this protein is unknown. At least two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EPS8L2 | EPS8-like 2|This gene encodes a member of the EPS8 gene family. The encoded protein, like other members of the family, is thought to link growth factor stimulation to actin organization, generating functional redundancy in the pathways that regulate actin cytoskeletal remodeling. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| EPS8L3 | EPS8-like 3|This gene encodes a protein that is related to epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 (EPS8), a substrate for the epidermal growth factor receptor. The function of this protein is unknown. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms exist. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AFP | alpha-fetoprotein|This gene encodes alpha-fetoprotein, a major plasma protein produced by the yolk sac and the liver during fetal life. Alpha-fetoprotein expression in adults is often associated with hepatoma or teratoma. However, hereditary persistance of alpha-fetoprotein may also be found in individuals with no obvious pathology. The protein is thought to be the fetal counterpart of serum albumin, and the alpha-fetoprotein and albumin genes are present in tandem in the same transcriptional orientation on chromosome 4. Alpha-fetoprotein is found in monomeric as well as dimeric and trimeric forms, and binds copper, nickel, fatty acids and bilirubin. The level of alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid is used to measure renal loss of protein to screen for spina bifida and anencephaly. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IDH3A | isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (NAD+) alpha|Isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate. These enzymes belong to two distinct subclasses, one of which utilizes NAD(+) as the electron acceptor and the other NADP(+). Five isocitrate dehydrogenases have been reported: three NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, which localize to the mitochondrial matrix, and two NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, one of which is mitochondrial and the other predominantly cytosolic. NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the allosterically regulated rate-limiting step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Each isozyme is a heterotetramer that is composed of two alpha subunits, one beta subunit, and one gamma subunit. The protein encoded by this gene is the alpha subunit of one isozyme of NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STK32C | serine/threonine kinase 32C|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. The specific function of this kinase is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STK32B | serine/threonine kinase 32B| |
| ABTB2 | ankyrin repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 2| |
| FDX1 | ferredoxin 1|This gene encodes a small iron-sulfur protein that transfers electrons from NADPH through ferredoxin reductase to mitochondrial cytochrome P450, involved in steroid, vitamin D, and bile acid metabolism. Pseudogenes of this functional gene are found on chromosomes 20 and 21. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| PROZ | protein Z, vitamin K-dependent plasma glycoprotein|This gene encodes a liver vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein that is synthesized in the liver and secreted into the plasma. The encoded protein plays a role in regulating blood coagulation by complexing with protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor to directly inhibit activated factor X at the phospholipid surface. Deficiencies in this protein are associated with an increased risk of ischemic arterial diseases and fetal loss. Mutations in this gene are the cause of protein Z deficiency. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| AZGP1 | alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, zinc-binding| |
| PPP5C | protein phosphatase 5, catalytic subunit|This gene encodes a serine/threonine phosphatase which is a member of the protein phosphatase catalytic subunit family. Proteins in this family participate in pathways regulated by reversible phosphorylation at serine and threonine residues; many of these pathways are involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. The product of this gene has been shown to participate in signaling pathways in response to hormones or cellular stress, and elevated levels of this protein may be associated with breast cancer development. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| MBIP | MAP3K12 binding inhibitory protein 1| |
| PIPOX | pipecolic acid oxidase| |
| BTD | biotinidase|The protein encoded by this gene functions to recycle protein-bound biotin by cleaving biocytin (biotin-epsilon-lysine), a normal product of carboxylase degradation, resulting in regeneration of free biotin. The encoded protein has also been shown to have biotinyl transferase activity. Mutations in this gene are associated with biotinidase deficiency. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| BTC | betacellulin|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the EGF family of growth factors. It is synthesized primarily as a transmembrane precursor, which is then processed to mature molecule by proteolytic events. This protein is a ligand for the EGF receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NXPH3 | neurexophilin 3| |
| PROC | protein C (inactivator of coagulation factors Va and VIIIa)|This gene encodes a vitamin K-dependent plasma glycoprotein. The encoded protein is cleaved to its activated form by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. This activated form contains a serine protease domain and functions in degradation of the activated forms of coagulation factors V and VIII. Mutations in this gene have been associated with thrombophilia due to protein C deficiency, neonatal purpura fulminans, and recurrent venous thrombosis.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| BTK | Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase|The protein encoded by this gene plays a crucial role in B-cell development. Mutations in this gene cause X-linked agammaglobulinemia type 1, which is an immunodeficiency characterized by the failure to produce mature B lymphocytes, and associated with a failure of Ig heavy chain rearrangement. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| NUTF2 | nuclear transport factor 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytosolic factor that facilitates protein transport into the nucleus. It interacts with the nuclear pore complex glycoprotein p62. This encoded protein acts at a relative late stage of nuclear protein import, subsequent to the initial docking of nuclear import ligand at the nuclear envelope. It is thought to be part of a multicomponent system of cytosolic factors that assemble at the pore complex during nuclear import. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LGR5 | leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5| |
| HSP90AA4P | heat shock protein 90kDa alpha (cytosolic), class A member 4, pseudogene| |
| MMP15 | matrix metallopeptidase 15 (membrane-inserted)|Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. However, the protein encoded by this gene is a member of the membrane-type MMP (MT-MMP) subfamily; each member of this subfamily contains a potential transmembrane domain suggesting that these proteins are expressed at the cell surface rather than secreted. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AMPD3 | adenosine monophosphate deaminase 3|This gene encodes a member of the AMP deaminase gene family. The encoded protein is a highly regulated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine monophosphate to inosine monophosphate, a branch point in the adenylate catabolic pathway. This gene encodes the erythrocyte (E) isoforms, whereas other family members encode isoforms that predominate in muscle (M) and liver (L) cells. Mutations in this gene lead to the clinically asymptomatic, autosomal recessive condition erythrocyte AMP deaminase deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms of this gene have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AMPD2 | adenosine monophosphate deaminase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is important in purine metabolism by converting AMP to IMP. The encoded protein, which acts as a homotetramer, is one of three AMP deaminases found in mammals. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| AMPD1 | adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1|Adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 catalyzes the deamination of AMP to IMP in skeletal muscle and plays an important role in the purine nucleotide cycle. Two other genes have been identified, AMPD2 and AMPD3, for the liver- and erythocyte-specific isoforms, respectively. Deficiency of the muscle-specific enzyme is apparently a common cause of exercise-induced myopathy and probably the most common cause of metabolic myopathy in the human. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified in this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| CYLC2 | cylicin, basic protein of sperm head cytoskeleton 2|Cylicin II (CYCL2) is specifically expressed in testis and is part of the cytoskeletal calyx of mammalian sperm heads. Cylicin II may play a role in the morphogenesis of the sperm head. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MMP17 | matrix metallopeptidase 17 (membrane-inserted)|Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. The protein encoded by this gene is considered a member of the membrane-type MMP (MT-MMP) subfamily. However, this protein is unique among the MT-MMP's in that it is a GPI-anchored protein rather than a transmembrane protein. The protein activates MMP-2 by cleavage. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MMP11 | matrix metallopeptidase 11|Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. However, the enzyme encoded by this gene is activated intracellularly by furin within the constitutive secretory pathway. Also in contrast to other MMP's, this enzyme cleaves alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor but weakly degrades structural proteins of the extracellular matrix. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AREG | amphiregulin|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the epidermal growth factor family. It is an autocrine growth factor as well as a mitogen for astrocytes, Schwann cells and fibroblasts. It is related to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha). The protein interacts with the EGF/TGF-alpha receptor to promote the growth of normal epithelial cells, and it inhibits the growth of certain aggressive carcinoma cell lines. It also functions in mammary gland, oocyte and bone tissue development. This gene is associated with a psoriasis-like skin phenotype, and is also associated with other pathological disorders, including various types of cancers and inflammatory conditions. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| CATSPERG | catsper channel auxiliary subunit gamma|CATSPERG is a subunit of the CATSPER (see CATSPER1; MIM 606389) sperm calcium channel, which is required for sperm hyperactivated motility and male fertility (Wang et al., 2009 [PubMed 19516020]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2010] |
| RASGRP4 | RAS guanyl releasing protein 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ras guanyl nucleotide-releasing protein (RasGRP) family of Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factors. It contains a Ras exchange motif, a diacylglycerol-binding domain, and two calcium-binding EF hands. This protein was shown to activate H-Ras in a cation-dependent manner in vitro. Expression of this protein in myeloid cell lines was found to be correlated with elevated level of activated RAS protein, and the RAS activation can be greatly enhanced by phorbol ester treatment, which suggested a role of this protein in diacylglycerol regulated cell signaling pathways. Studies of a mast cell leukemia cell line expressing substantial amounts of abnormal transcripts of this gene indicated that this gene may play an important role in the final stages of mast cell development. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| RPS6KB1 | ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 70kDa, polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the ribosomal S6 kinase family of serine/threonine kinases. The encoded protein responds to mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling to promote protein synthesis, cell growth, and cell proliferation. Activity of this gene has been associated with human cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed. The use of alternative translation start sites results in isoforms with longer or shorter N-termini which may differ in their subcellular localizations. There are two pseudogenes for this gene on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| PRPF40B | PRP40 pre-mRNA processing factor 40 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a WW-domain containing protein similar to yeast splicing factor PRP40. This protein has been shown to interact with Huntingtin and methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2). Alternative splicing results in different transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014] |
| TRADD | TNFRSF1A-associated via death domain|The protein encoded by this gene is a death domain containing adaptor molecule that interacts with TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and mediates programmed cell death signaling and NF-kappaB activation. This protein binds adaptor protein TRAF2, reduces the recruitment of inhibitor-of-apoptosis proteins (IAPs) by TRAF2, and thus suppresses TRAF2 mediated apoptosis. This protein can also interact with receptor TNFRSF6/FAS and adaptor protein FADD/MORT1, and is involved in the Fas-induced cell death pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPS6KB2 | ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 70kDa, polypeptide 2|This gene encodes a member of the RSK (ribosomal S6 kinase) family of serine/threonine kinases. This kinase contains a kinase catalytic domain and phosphorylates the S6 ribosomal protein and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B (eIF4B). Phosphorylation of S6 leads to an increase in protein synthesis and cell proliferation. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| ENKUR | enkurin, TRPC channel interacting protein|This gene encodes a protein that interacts with calmodulin and several transient receptor potential canonical cation channel proteins. The encoded protein may function as an adaptor to localize signal transduction machinery to calcium channels. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| CHPT1 | choline phosphotransferase 1| |
| MRGPRX1 | MAS-related GPR, member X1| |
| UTP15 | UTP15, U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein, homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| CDKN1B | cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27, Kip1)|This gene encodes a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, which shares a limited similarity with CDK inhibitor CDKN1A/p21. The encoded protein binds to and prevents the activation of cyclin E-CDK2 or cyclin D-CDK4 complexes, and thus controls the cell cycle progression at G1. The degradation of this protein, which is triggered by its CDK dependent phosphorylation and subsequent ubiquitination by SCF complexes, is required for the cellular transition from quiescence to the proliferative state. Mutations in this gene are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type IV (MEN4). [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| PRELP | proline/arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein|The protein encoded by this gene is a leucine-rich repeat protein present in connective tissue extracellular matrix. This protein functions as a molecule anchoring basement membranes to the underlying connective tissue. This protein has been shown to bind type I collagen to basement membranes and type II collagen to cartilage. It also binds the basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan. This protein is suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria (HGP), which is reported to lack the binding of collagen in basement membranes and cartilage. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UTP18 | UTP18 small subunit (SSU) processome component homolog (yeast)| |
| TNFRSF6B | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 6b, decoy|This gene belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. The encoded protein is postulated to play a regulatory role in suppressing FasL- and LIGHT-mediated cell death. It acts as a decoy receptor that competes with death receptors for ligand binding. Over-expression of this gene has been noted in gastrointestinal tract tumors. Read-through transcription into this gene from the neighboring upstream gene, which encodes regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 (RTEL1), generates a non-coding transcript. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| GPCPD1 | glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase GDE1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| DPAGT1 | dolichyl-phosphate (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine) N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase 1 (GlcNAc-1-P transferase)|The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the dolichol-linked oligosaccharide pathway for glycoprotein biosynthesis. This enzyme belongs to the glycosyltransferase family 4. This protein is an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum. The congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ij is caused by mutation in the gene encoding this enzyme. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TET1 | tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1| |
| SEPHS2 | selenophosphate synthetase 2|This gene encodes an enzyme that synthesizes selenophosphate from selenide and ATP. Selenophosphate is the selenium donor used to synthesize selenocysteine, which is co-translationally incorporated into selenoproteins at in-frame UGA codons. Genes encoding selenocysteine contain a stem-loop secondary structure in their 3' UTR called a selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) element. The protein encoded by this gene contains a selenocysteine residue in its predicted active site. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 5. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| TET3 | tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 3|Members of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) gene family, including TET3, play a role in the DNA methylation process (Langemeijer et al., 2009 [PubMed 19923888]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| TET2 | tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a methylcytosine dioxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. The encoded protein is involved in myelopoiesis, and defects in this gene have been associated with several myeloproliferative disorders. Two variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| RBMXL2 | RNA binding motif protein, X-linked-like 2|This gene belongs to the HNRPG subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene has two RRM domains that bind RNAs. This gene is intronless and is thought to be derived from a processed retroposon. However, unlike many retroposon-derived genes, this gene is not a pseudogene. The encoded protein has similarity to HNRPG and RBMY proteins and it is suggested to replace HNRPG protein function during meiotic prophase or act as a germ cell-specific splicing regulator. It primarily localizes to the nuclei of meiotic spermatocytes. This gene is a candidate for autosomal male infertility. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C12orf10 | chromosome 12 open reading frame 10| |
| RPS4X | ribosomal protein S4, X-linked|Cytoplasmic ribosomes, organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes ribosomal protein S4, a component of the 40S subunit. Ribosomal protein S4 is the only ribosomal protein known to be encoded by more than one gene, namely this gene and ribosomal protein S4, Y-linked (RPS4Y). The 2 isoforms encoded by these genes are not identical, but are functionally equivalent. Ribosomal protein S4 belongs to the S4E family of ribosomal proteins. This gene is not subject to X-inactivation. It has been suggested that haploinsufficiency of the ribosomal protein S4 genes plays a role in Turner syndrome; however, this hypothesis is controversial. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SYNC | syncoilin, intermediate filament protein|This gene encodes a member of the intermediate filament family which contains an N-terminal head domain, followed by a central coiled-coil region and a short C-terminal tail. The protein is highly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle. The protein links the dystrophin associated protein complex (DAPC) to desmin filaments in muscle and may have a structural role in striated muscle. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| SLMO2 | slowmo homolog 2 (Drosophila)| |
| SLMO1 | slowmo homolog 1 (Drosophila)| |
| ATXN2L | ataxin 2-like|This gene encodes an ataxin type 2 related protein of unknown function. This protein is a member of the spinocerebellar ataxia (SCAs) family, which is associated with a complex group of neurodegenerative disorders. Several alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BUD13 | BUD13 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| DLST | dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase (E2 component of 2-oxo-glutarate complex)|This gene encodes a mitochondrial protein that belongs to the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase family. This protein is one of the three components (the E2 component) of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex that catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and CO(2). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| IL17RE | interleukin 17 receptor E|This gene encodes a transmembrane protein that functions as the receptor for interleukin-17C. The encoded protein signals to downstream components of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Activity of this protein is important in the immune response to bacterial pathogens. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| TMEM52B | transmembrane protein 52B| |
| YOD1 | YOD1 deubiquitinase|Protein ubiquitination controls many intracellular processes, including cell cycle progression, transcriptional activation, and signal transduction. This dynamic process, involving ubiquitin conjugating enzymes and deubiquitinating enzymes, adds and removes ubiquitin. Deubiquitinating enzymes are cysteine proteases that specifically cleave ubiquitin from ubiquitin-conjugated protein substrates. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a DUB subfamily characterized by an ovarian tumor (OTU) domain. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| CST7 | cystatin F (leukocystatin)|The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a variety of human fluids and secretions. This gene encodes a glycosylated cysteine protease inhibitor with a putative role in immune regulation through inhibition of a unique target in the hematopoietic system. Expression of the protein has been observed in various human cancer cell lines established from malignant tumors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ISY1 | ISY1 splicing factor homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| F2RL3 | coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 3|Coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 3 (F2RL3) is a member of the large family of 7-transmembrane-region receptors that couple to guanosine-nucleotide-binding proteins. F2RL3 is also a member of the protease-activated receptor family. F2RL3 is activated by proteolytic cleavage of its extracellular amino terminus. The new amino terminus functions as a tethered ligand and activates the receptor. F2RL3 is activated by thrombin and trypsin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| F2RL2 | coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 2|This gene encodes a member of the protease-activated receptor (PAR) family which is a subfamily of the seven transmembrane G protein-coupled cell surface receptor family. The encoded protein acts as a cofactor in the thrombin-mediated cleavage and activation of the protease-activated receptor family member PAR4. The encoded protein plays an essential role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| F2RL1 | coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 1|Coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 1 (F2RL1) is a member of the large family of 7-transmembrane-region receptors that couple to guanosine-nucleotide-binding proteins. F2RL1 is also a member of the protease-activated receptor family. It is activated by trypsin, but not by thrombin. It is activated by proteolytic cleavage of its extracellular amino terminus. The new amino terminus functions as a tethered ligand and activates the receptor. The F2RL1 gene contains two exons and is widely expressed in human tissues. The predicted protein sequence is 83% identical to the mouse receptor sequence. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ITM2B | integral membrane protein 2B|Amyloid precursor proteins are processed by beta-secretase and gamma-secretase to produce beta-amyloid peptides which form the characteristic plaques of Alzheimer disease. This gene encodes a transmembrane protein which is processed at the C-terminus by furin or furin-like proteases to produce a small secreted peptide which inhibits the deposition of beta-amyloid. Mutations which result in extension of the C-terminal end of the encoded protein, thereby increasing the size of the secreted peptide, are associated with two neurogenerative diseases, familial British dementia and familial Danish dementia. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| XAB2 | XPA binding protein 2| |
| ST6GAL2 | ST6 beta-galactosamide alpha-2,6-sialyltranferase 2|This locus encodes a sialyltransferase. The encoded type II transmembrane protein catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from CMP to an oligosaccharide substrate. Polymorphisms at this locus may be associated with variations in risperidone response in schizophrenic patients. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| ST6GAL1 | ST6 beta-galactosamide alpha-2,6-sialyltranferase 1|This gene encodes a member of glycosyltransferase family 29. The encoded protein is a type II membrane protein that catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to galactose-containing substrates. The protein, which is normally found in the Golgi but can be proteolytically processed to a soluble form, is involved in the generation of the cell-surface carbohydrate determinants and differentiation antigens HB-6, CD75, and CD76. This gene has been incorrectly referred to as CD75. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| PCBD2 | pterin-4 alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase/dimerization cofactor of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha (TCF1) 2| |
| PRDX6 | peroxiredoxin 6|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the thiol-specific antioxidant protein family. This protein is a bifunctional enzyme with two distinct active sites. It is involved in redox regulation of the cell; it can reduce H(2)O(2) and short chain organic, fatty acid, and phospholipid hydroperoxides. It may play a role in the regulation of phospholipid turnover as well as in protection against oxidative injury. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRDX5 | peroxiredoxin 5|This gene encodes a member of the peroxiredoxin family of antioxidant enzymes, which reduce hydrogen peroxide and alkyl hydroperoxides. The encoded protein may play an antioxidant protective role in different tissues under normal conditions and during inflammatory processes. This protein interacts with peroxisome receptor 1. The crystal structure of this protein in its reduced form has been resolved to 1.5 angstrom resolution. This gene uses alternate in-frame translation initiation sites to generate mitochondrial or peroxisomal/cytoplasmic forms. Three transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCBD1 | pterin-4 alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase/dimerization cofactor of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha|This gene encodes a member of the pterin-4-alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase family. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. The encoded protein functions as both a dehydratase involved in tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, and as a cofactor for HNF1A-dependent transcription. A deficiency of this enzyme leads to hyperphenylalaninemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| PRDX3 | peroxiredoxin 3|This gene encodes a mitochondrial protein with antioxidant function. The protein is similar to the C22 subunit of Salmonella typhimurium alkylhydroperoxide reductase, and it can rescue bacterial resistance to alkylhydroperoxide in E. coli that lack the C22 subunit. The human and mouse genes are highly conserved, and they map to the regions syntenic between mouse and human chromosomes. Sequence comparisons with recently cloned mammalian homologs suggest that these genes consist of a family that is responsible for the regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation and antioxidant functions. This family member can protect cells from oxidative stress, and it can promote cell survival in prostate cancer. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 1, 3, 13 and 22. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| PRDX2 | peroxiredoxin 2|This gene encodes a member of the peroxiredoxin family of antioxidant enzymes, which reduce hydrogen peroxide and alkyl hydroperoxides. The encoded protein plays an antioxidant protective role in cells, and it may contribute to the antiviral activity of CD8(+) T-cells. The crystal structure of this protein has been resolved to 2.7 angstroms. This protein prevents hemolytic anemia from oxidative stress by stabilizing hemoglobin, thus making this gene a therapeutic target for patients with hemolytic anemia. This protein may have a proliferative effect and play a role in cancer development or progression. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 5, 6, 10 and 13. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| PRDX1 | peroxiredoxin 1|This gene encodes a member of the peroxiredoxin family of antioxidant enzymes, which reduce hydrogen peroxide and alkyl hydroperoxides. The encoded protein may play an antioxidant protective role in cells, and may contribute to the antiviral activity of CD8(+) T-cells. This protein may have a proliferative effect and play a role in cancer development or progression. Four transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| AP3S2 | adaptor-related protein complex 3, sigma 2 subunit| |
| AP3S1 | adaptor-related protein complex 3, sigma 1 subunit| |
| EDNRA | endothelin receptor type A|This gene encodes the receptor for endothelin-1, a peptide that plays a role in potent and long-lasting vasoconstriction. This receptor associates with guanine-nucleotide-binding (G) proteins, and this coupling activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Polymorphisms in this gene have been linked to migraine headache resistance. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| PITX2 | paired-like homeodomain 2|This gene encodes a member of the RIEG/PITX homeobox family, which is in the bicoid class of homeodomain proteins. The encoded protein acts as a transcription factor and regulates procollagen lysyl hydroxylase gene expression. This protein plays a role in the terminal differentiation of somatotroph and lactotroph cell phenotypes, is involved in the development of the eye, tooth and abdominal organs, and acts as a transcriptional regulator involved in basal and hormone-regulated activity of prolactin. Mutations in this gene are associated with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, iridogoniodysgenesis syndrome, and sporadic cases of Peters anomaly. A similar protein in other vertebrates is involved in the determination of left-right asymmetry during development. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PITX3 | paired-like homeodomain 3|This gene encodes a member of the RIEG/PITX homeobox family, which is in the bicoid class of homeodomain proteins. Members of this family act as transcription factors. This protein is involved in lens formation during eye development. Mutations of this gene have been associated with anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis and congenital cataracts. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PITX1 | paired-like homeodomain 1|This gene encodes a member of the RIEG/PITX homeobox family, which is in the bicoid class of homeodomain proteins. Members of this family are involved in organ development and left-right asymmetry. This protein acts as a transcriptional regulator involved in basal and hormone-regulated activity of prolactin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OTUB1 | OTU deubiquitinase, ubiquitin aldehyde binding 1|The product of this gene is a member of the OTU (ovarian tumor) superfamily of predicted cysteine proteases. The encoded protein is a highly specific ubiquitin iso-peptidase, and cleaves ubiquitin from branched poly-ubiquitin chains but not from ubiquitinated substrates. It interacts with another ubiquitin protease and an E3 ubiquitin ligase that inhibits cytokine gene transcription in the immune system. It is proposed to function in specific ubiquitin-dependent pathways, possibly by providing an editing function for polyubiquitin chain growth. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EDNRB | endothelin receptor type B|The protein encoded by this gene is a G protein-coupled receptor which activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its ligand, endothelin, consists of a family of three potent vasoactive peptides: ET1, ET2, and ET3. Studies suggest that the multigenic disorder, Hirschsprung disease type 2, is due to mutations in the endothelin receptor type B gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| OTUB2 | OTU deubiquitinase, ubiquitin aldehyde binding 2|This gene encodes one of several deubiquitylating enzymes. Ubiquitin modification of proteins is needed for their stability and function; to reverse the process, deubiquityling enzymes remove ubiquitin. This protein contains an OTU domain and binds Ubal (ubiquitin aldehyde); an active cysteine protease site is present in the OTU domain. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| NPTN | neuroplastin|This gene encodes a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the Ig superfamily. The protein is believed to be involved in cell-cell interactions or cell-substrate interactions. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| AXIN2 | axin 2|The Axin-related protein, Axin2, presumably plays an important role in the regulation of the stability of beta-catenin in the Wnt signaling pathway, like its rodent homologs, mouse conductin/rat axil. In mouse, conductin organizes a multiprotein complex of APC (adenomatous polyposis of the colon), beta-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta, and conductin, which leads to the degradation of beta-catenin. Apparently, the deregulation of beta-catenin is an important event in the genesis of a number of malignancies. The AXIN2 gene has been mapped to 17q23-q24, a region that shows frequent loss of heterozygosity in breast cancer, neuroblastoma, and other tumors. Mutations in this gene have been associated with colorectal cancer with defective mismatch repair. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AXIN1 | axin 1|This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein which contains a regulation of G-protein signaling (RGS) domain and a dishevelled and axin (DIX) domain. The encoded protein interacts with adenomatosis polyposis coli, catenin beta-1, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, protein phosphate 2, and itself. This protein functions as a negative regulator of the wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1 (WNT) signaling pathway and can induce apoptosis. The crystal structure of a portion of this protein, alone and in a complex with other proteins, has been resolved. Mutations in this gene have been associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastomas, ovarian endometriod adenocarcinomas, and medullablastomas. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| RPS6KA3 | ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90kDa, polypeptide 3|This gene encodes a member of the RSK (ribosomal S6 kinase) family of serine/threonine kinases. This kinase contains 2 non-identical kinase catalytic domains and phosphorylates various substrates, including members of the mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway. The activity of this protein has been implicated in controlling cell growth and differentiation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Coffin-Lowry syndrome (CLS). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MMRN2 | multimerin 2|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the member of elastin microfibril interface-located (EMILIN) protein family. This family member is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that can interfere with tumor angiogenesis and growth. It serves as a transforming growth factor beta antagonist and can interfere with the VEGF-A/VEGFR2 pathway. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| MMRN1 | multimerin 1|Multimerin is a massive, soluble protein found in platelets and in the endothelium of blood vessels. It is comprised of subunits linked by interchain disulfide bonds to form large, variably sized homomultimers. Multimerin is a factor V/Va-binding protein and may function as a carrier protein for platelet factor V. It may also have functions as an extracellular matrix or adhesive protein. Recently, patients with an unusual autosomal-dominant bleeding disorder (factor V Quebec) were found to have a deficiency of platelet multimerin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CAMP | cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide|This gene encodes a member of an antimicrobial peptide family, characterized by a highly conserved N-terminal signal peptide containing a cathelin domain and a structurally variable cationic antimicrobial peptide, which is produced by extracellular proteolysis from the C-terminus. In addition to its antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities, the encoded protein functions in cell chemotaxis, immune mediator induction, and inflammatory response regulation. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| RDH16 | retinol dehydrogenase 16 (all-trans)| |
| ERO1LB | ERO1-like beta (S. cerevisiae)| |
| GKN1 | gastrokine 1|The protein encoded by this gene is found to be down-regulated in human gastric cancer tissue as compared to normal gastric mucosa. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RDH10 | retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans)|This gene encodes a retinol dehydrogenase, which converts all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal, with preference for NADP as a cofactor. Studies in mice suggest that this protein is essential for synthesis of embryonic retinoic acid and is required for limb, craniofacial, and organ development. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| TRIM54 | tripartite motif containing 54|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger motif and is highly similar to the ring finger proteins RNF28/MURF1 and RNF29/MURF2. In vitro studies demonstrated that this protein, RNF28, and RNF29 form heterodimers, which may be important for the regulation of titin kinase and microtubule-dependent signal pathways in striated muscles. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RDH11 | retinol dehydrogenase 11 (all-trans/9-cis/11-cis)|The protein encoded by this gene is an NADPH-dependent retinal reductase and a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase. The encoded protein has no steroid dehydrogenase activity. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| PPP1R1A | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1A| |
| VASN | vasorin| |
| MYO15A | myosin XVA|This gene encodes an unconventional myosin. This protein differs from other myosins in that it has a long N-terminal extension preceding the conserved motor domain. Studies in mice suggest that this protein is necessary for actin organization in the hair cells of the cochlea. Mutations in this gene have been associated with profound, congenital, neurosensory, nonsyndromal deafness. This gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. Read-through transcripts containing an upstream gene and this gene have been identified, but they are not thought to encode a fusion protein. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their full length sequences have not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KANK1 | KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Kank family of proteins, which contain multiple ankyrin repeat domains. This family member functions in cytoskeleton formation by regulating actin polymerization. This gene is a candidate tumor suppressor for renal cell carcinoma. Mutations in this gene cause cerebral palsy spastic quadriplegic type 2, a central nervous system development disorder. A t(5;9) translocation results in fusion of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta gene (PDGFRB) on chromosome 5 with this gene in a myeloproliferative neoplasm featuring severe thrombocythemia. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 20. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| CROCC | ciliary rootlet coiled-coil, rootletin| |
| NBPF15 | neuroblastoma breakpoint family, member 15|This gene is a member of the neuroblastoma breakpoint family (NBPF) which consists of dozens of recently duplicated genes primarily located in segmental duplications on human chromosome 1. This gene family has experienced its greatest expansion within the human lineage and has expanded, to a lesser extent, among primates in general. Members of this gene family are characterized by tandemly repeated copies of DUF1220 protein domains. Gene copy number variations in the human chromosomal region 1q21.1, where most DUF1220 domains are located, have been implicated in a number of developmental and neurogenetic diseases such as microcephaly, macrocephaly, autism, schizophrenia, mental retardation, congenital heart disease, neuroblastoma, and congenital kidney and urinary tract anomalies. Altered expression of some gene family members is associated with several types of cancer. This gene family contains numerous pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| NBPF14 | neuroblastoma breakpoint family, member 14|This gene is a member of the neuroblastoma breakpoint family (NBPF) which consists of dozens of recently duplicated genes primarily located in segmental duplications on human chromosome 1. This gene family has experienced its greatest expansion within the human lineage and has expanded, to a lesser extent, among primates in general. Members of this gene family are characterized by tandemly repeated copies of DUF1220 protein domains. Gene copy number variations in the human chromosomal region 1q21.1, where most DUF1220 domains are located, have been implicated in a number of developmental and neurogenetic diseases such as microcephaly, macrocephaly, autism, schizophrenia, mental retardation, congenital heart disease, neuroblastoma, and congenital kidney and urinary tract anomalies. Altered expression of some gene family members is associated with several types of cancer. This gene family contains numerous pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| NBPF11 | neuroblastoma breakpoint family, member 11| |
| VASP | vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein|Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) is a member of the Ena-VASP protein family. Ena-VASP family members contain an EHV1 N-terminal domain that binds proteins containing E/DFPPPPXD/E motifs and targets Ena-VASP proteins to focal adhesions. In the mid-region of the protein, family members have a proline-rich domain that binds SH3 and WW domain-containing proteins. Their C-terminal EVH2 domain mediates tetramerization and binds both G and F actin. VASP is associated with filamentous actin formation and likely plays a widespread role in cell adhesion and motility. VASP may also be involved in the intracellular signaling pathways that regulate integrin-extracellular matrix interactions. VASP is regulated by the cyclic nucleotide-dependent kinases PKA and PKG. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PAPOLG | poly(A) polymerase gamma|This gene encodes a member of the poly(A) polymerase family which catalyzes template-independent extension of the 3' end of a DNA/RNA strand. This enzyme shares 60% identity to the well characterized poly(A) polymerase II (PAPII) at the amino acid level. These two enzymes have similar organization of structural and functional domains. This enzyme is exclusively localized in the nucleus and exhibits both nonspecific and CPSF (cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor)/AAUAAA-dependent polyadenylation activity. This gene is located on chromosome 2 in contrast to the PAPII gene, which is located on chromosome 14. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PAPOLA | poly(A) polymerase alpha|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the poly(A) polymerase family. It is required for the addition of adenosine residues for the creation of the 3'-poly(A) tail of mRNAs. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| PAPOLB | poly(A) polymerase beta (testis specific)| |
| LYPLAL1 | lysophospholipase-like 1| |
| KATNB1 | katanin p80 (WD repeat containing) subunit B 1|Microtubules, polymers of alpha and beta tubulin subunits, form the mitotic spindle of a dividing cell and help to organize membranous organelles during interphase. Katanin is a heterodimer that consists of a 60 kDa ATPase (p60 subunit A 1) and an 80 kDa accessory protein (p80 subunit B 1). The p60 subunit acts to sever and disassemble microtubules, while the p80 subunit targets the enzyme to the centrosome. Katanin is a member of the AAA family of ATPases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SCGB3A1 | secretoglobin, family 3A, member 1| |
| SCGB3A2 | secretoglobin, family 3A, member 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted lung surfactant protein and a downstream target of thyroid transcription factor. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter of this gene results in susceptibility to asthma.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| HAVCR1 | hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane receptor for both human hepatitis A virus (HHAV) and TIMD4. The encoded protein may be involved in the moderation of asthma and allergic diseases. The reference genome represents an allele that retains a MTTVP amino acid segment that confers protection against atopy in HHAV seropositive individuals. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 4, 12 and 19. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| DCAF7 | DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 7|This gene encodes a protein with multiple WD40 repeats which facilitate protein-protein interactions and thereby enable the assembly of multiprotein complexes. This protein has been shown to function as a scaffold protein for protein complexes involved in kinase signaling. This highly conserved gene is present in eukaryotic plants, fungi, and animals. The ortholog of this gene was first identified in plants as a key regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis and flower pigmentation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| DCAF6 | DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 6| |
| ABRA | actin binding Rho activating protein| |
| DCAF4 | DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 4|This gene encodes a WD repeat-containing protein that interacts with the Cul4-Ddb1 E3 ligase macromolecular complex. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| DCAF8 | DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 8|This gene encodes a WD repeat-containing protein that interacts with the Cul4-Ddb1 E3 ligase macromolecular complex. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| ZSCAN32 | zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 32| |
| ZSCAN31 | zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 31|ZNF323 is a member of the subfamily of C2H2 Kruppel-like zinc finger transcription factors that have a SCAN box domain (Pi et al., 2002 [PubMed 12147252]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ZSCAN30 | zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 30| |
| ERV3-1 | endogenous retrovirus group 3, member 1|The human genome includes many retroelements including the human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). ERV3, one of the most studied HERVs, is thought to have integrated 30 to 40 million years ago and is present in higher primates with the exception of gorillas. Taken together, the observation of genome conservation, the detection of transcript expression, and the presence of conserved ORFs is circumstantial evidence for a functional role. A functional role is also suggested by the observation that downregulation of ERV3 is reported in choriocarcinoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZFY | zinc finger protein, Y-linked|This gene encodes a zinc finger-containing protein that may function as a transcription factor. This gene was once a candidate gene for the testis-determining factor (TDF) and was erroneously referred to as TDF. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZFX | zinc finger protein, X-linked|This gene on the X chromosome is structurally similar to a related gene on the Y chromosome. It encodes a member of the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. The full-length protein contains an acidic transcriptional activation domain (AD), a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) and a DNA binding domain (DBD) consisting of 13 C2H2-type zinc fingers. Studies in mouse embryonic and adult hematopoietic stem cells showed that this gene was required as a transcriptional regulator for self-renewal of both stem cell types, but it was dispensable for growth and differentiation of their progeny. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| SND1 | staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1| |
| ZFR | zinc finger RNA binding protein| |
| IFI27 | interferon, alpha-inducible protein 27| |
| CD33 | CD33 molecule| |
| CD34 | CD34 molecule|The protein encoded by this gene may play a role in the attachment of stem cells to the bone marrow extracellular matrix or to stromal cells. This single-pass membrane protein is highly glycosylated and phosphorylated by protein kinase C. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| CD36 | CD36 molecule (thrombospondin receptor)|The protein encoded by this gene is the fourth major glycoprotein of the platelet surface and serves as a receptor for thrombospondin in platelets and various cell lines. Since thrombospondins are widely distributed proteins involved in a variety of adhesive processes, this protein may have important functions as a cell adhesion molecule. It binds to collagen, thrombospondin, anionic phospholipids and oxidized LDL. It directly mediates cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum parasitized erythrocytes and it binds long chain fatty acids and may function in the transport and/or as a regulator of fatty acid transport. Mutations in this gene cause platelet glycoprotein deficiency. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| CD37 | CD37 molecule|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins and other transmembrane 4 superfamily proteins. It may play a role in T-cell-B-cell interactions. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TXNDC9 | thioredoxin domain containing 9|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the thioredoxin family. The exact function of this protein is not known but it is associated with cell differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF321P | zinc finger protein 321, pseudogene| |
| POLR3D | polymerase (RNA) III (DNA directed) polypeptide D, 44kDa|This gene complements a temperature-sensitive mutant isolated from the BHK-21 Syrian hamster cell line. It leads to a block in progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle at nonpermissive temperatures. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| POLR3E | polymerase (RNA) III (DNA directed) polypeptide E (80kD)| |
| POLR3B | polymerase (RNA) III (DNA directed) polypeptide B|This gene encodes the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase III, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing transfer and small ribosomal RNAs in eukaryotes. The largest subunit and the encoded protein form the catalytic center of RNA polymerase III. Mutations in this gene are a cause of hypomyelinating leukodystrophy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| POLR3C | polymerase (RNA) III (DNA directed) polypeptide C (62kD)| |
| POLR3A | polymerase (RNA) III (DNA directed) polypeptide A, 155kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is the catalytic component of RNA polymerase III, which synthesizes small RNAs. The encoded protein also acts as a sensor to detect foreign DNA and trigger an innate immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| COL16A1 | collagen, type XVI, alpha 1|This gene encodes the alpha chain of type XVI collagen, a member of the FACIT collagen family (fibril-associated collagens with interrupted helices). Members of this collagen family are found in association with fibril-forming collagens such as type I and II, and serve to maintain the integrity of the extracellular matrix. High levels of type XVI collagen have been found in fibroblasts and keratinocytes, and in smooth muscle and amnion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TXNDC2 | thioredoxin domain containing 2 (spermatozoa)| |
| TXNDC5 | thioredoxin domain containing 5 (endoplasmic reticulum)|This gene encodes a protein-disulfide isomerase. Its expression is induced by hypoxia and its role may be to protect hypoxic cells from apoptosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the neighboring upstream MUTED (muted homolog) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| POLR3K | polymerase (RNA) III (DNA directed) polypeptide K, 12.3 kDa|This gene encodes a small essential subunit of RNA polymerase III, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing transfer and small ribosomal RNAs in eukaryotes. The carboxy-terminal domain of this subunit shares a high degree of sequence similarity to the carboxy-terminal domain of an RNA polymerase II elongation factor. This similarity in sequence is supported by functional studies showing that this subunit is required for proper pausing and termination during transcription. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 13 and 17.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| POLR3H | polymerase (RNA) III (DNA directed) polypeptide H (22.9kD)| |
| TOPORS | topoisomerase I binding, arginine/serine-rich, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This gene encodes a nuclear protein which is serine and arginine rich, and contains a RING-type zinc finger domain. It is highly expressed in the testis, and functions as an ubiquitin-protein E3 ligase. Mutations in this gene are associated with retinitis pigmentosa type 31. Alternatively spliced transcript variants, encoding different isoforms, have been observed for this locus. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| CMC2 | C-x(9)-C motif containing 2| |
| GRIA3 | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 3|Glutamate receptors are the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain and are activated in a variety of normal neurophysiologic processes. These receptors are heteromeric protein complexes composed of multiple subunits, arranged to form ligand-gated ion channels. The classification of glutamate receptors is based on their activation by different pharmacologic agonists. The subunit encoded by this gene belongs to a family of AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate)-sensitive glutamate receptors, and is subject to RNA editing (AGA->GGA; R->G). Alternative splicing at this locus results in different isoforms, which may vary in their signal transduction properties. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM46D | family with sequence similarity 46, member D|Antibodies against the protein encoded by this gene were found only in plasma from cancer patients. While it may be a target for immunotherapy, the function of this gene is unknown. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| DNMT1 | DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1|DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 has a role in the establishment and regulation of tissue-specific patterns of methylated cytosine residues. Aberrant methylation patterns are associated with certain human tumors and developmental abnormalities. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| CRB3 | crumbs family member 3|This gene encodes a member of the Crumbs family of proteins. This protein may play a role in epithelial cell polarity and is associated with tight junctions at the apical surface of epithelial cells. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM46A | family with sequence similarity 46, member A| |
| FAM46B | family with sequence similarity 46, member B| |
| FAM46C | family with sequence similarity 46, member C| |
| PSD3 | pleckstrin and Sec7 domain containing 3| |
| PSD2 | pleckstrin and Sec7 domain containing 2| |
| TPST1 | tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase 1| |
| CYP51A1 | cytochrome P450, family 51, subfamily A, polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This endoplasmic reticulum protein participates in the synthesis of cholesterol by catalyzing the removal of the 14alpha-methyl group from lanosterol. Homologous genes are found in all three eukaryotic phyla, fungi, plants, and animals, suggesting that this is one of the oldest cytochrome P450 genes. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| WDR62 | WD repeat domain 62|This gene is proposed to play a role in cerebral cortical development. Mutations in this gene have been associated with microencephaly, cortical malformations, and mental retardation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| CDNF | cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor| |
| ASRGL1 | asparaginase like 1| |
| WDR61 | WD repeat domain 61|WDR61 is a subunit of the human PAF and SKI complexes, which function in transcriptional regulation and are involved in events downstream of RNA synthesis, such as RNA surveillance (Zhu et al., 2005 [PubMed 16024656]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| WDR66 | WD repeat domain 66|This protein encoded by this gene belongs to the WD repeat-containing family of proteins, which function in the formation of protein-protein complexes in a variety of biological pathways. This family member appears to function in the determination of mean platelet volume (MPV), and polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with variance in MPV. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| PRMT8 | protein arginine methyltransferase 8|Arginine methylation is a widespread posttranslational modification mediated by arginine methyltransferases, such as PRMT8. Arginine methylation is involved in a number of cellular processes, including DNA repair, RNA transcription, signal transduction, protein compartmentalization, and possibly protein translation (Lee et al., 2005 [PubMed 16051612]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| HOXD8 | homeobox D8|This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, located on different chromosomes, consisting of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXD genes located in a cluster on chromosome 2. Deletions that remove the entire HOXD gene cluster or the 5' end of this cluster have been associated with severe limb and genital abnormalities. In addition to effects during embryogenesis, this particular gene may also play a role in adult urogenital tract function. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| HOXD9 | homeobox D9|This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, located on different chromosomes, consisting of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXD genes located at 2q31-2q37 chromosome regions. Deletions that removed the entire HOXD gene cluster or 5' end of this cluster have been associated with severe limb and genital abnormalities. The exact role of this gene has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| R3HDM4 | R3H domain containing 4| |
| C1orf228 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 228| |
| SLC25A1 | solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; citrate transporter), member 1|This gene encodes a member of the mitochondrial carrier subfamily of solute carrier proteins. Members of this family include nuclear-encoded transporters that translocate small metabolites across the mitochondrial membrane. This protein regulates the movement of citrate across the inner membranes of the mitochondria. Mutations in this gene have been associated with combined D-2- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. Pseudogenes of this gene have been identified on chromosomes 7, 11, 16, and 19. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| TONSL | tonsoku-like, DNA repair protein|The protein encoded by this gene is thought to be a negative regulator of NF-kappa-B mediated transcription. The encoded protein may bind NF-kappa-B complexes and trap them in the cytoplasm, preventing them from entering the nucleus and interacting with the DNA. Phosphorylation of this protein targets it for degradation by the ubiquitination pathway, which frees the NF-kappa-B complexes to enter the nucleus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRMT6 | protein arginine methyltransferase 6|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the arginine N-methyltransferase family, which catalyze the sequential transfer of methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the side chain nitrogens of arginine residues within proteins, to form methylated arginine derivatives and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This protein can catalyze both, the formation of omega-N monomethylarginine and asymmetrical dimethylarginine, with a strong preference for the latter. It specifically mediates the asymmetric dimethylation of Arg2 of histone H3, and the methylated form represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression. This protein also forms a complex with, and methylates DNA polymerase beta, resulting in stimulation of polymerase activity by enhancing DNA binding and processivity. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| HOXD1 | homeobox D1|This gene is a member of the Antp homeobox family and encodes a protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. This nuclear protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in differentiation and limb development. Mutations in this gene have been associated with severe developmental defects on the anterior-posterior (a-p) limb axis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC25A5 | solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; adenine nucleotide translocator), member 5|This gene is a member of the mitochondrial carrier subfamily of solute carrier protein genes. The product of this gene functions as a gated pore that translocates ADP from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix and ATP from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytoplasm. The protein forms a homodimer embedded in the inner mitochondria membrane. Suppressed expression of this gene has been shown to induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth. The human genome contains several non-transcribed pseudogenes of this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| PRMT5 | protein arginine methyltransferase 5| |
| TMEM176A | transmembrane protein 176A| |
| HMGCR | 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase|HMG-CoA reductase is the rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol synthesis and is regulated via a negative feedback mechanism mediated by sterols and non-sterol metabolites derived from mevalonate, the product of the reaction catalyzed by reductase. Normally in mammalian cells this enzyme is suppressed by cholesterol derived from the internalization and degradation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) via the LDL receptor. Competitive inhibitors of the reductase induce the expression of LDL receptors in the liver, which in turn increases the catabolism of plasma LDL and lowers the plasma concentration of cholesterol, an important determinant of atherosclerosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| TMEM176B | transmembrane protein 176B| |
| RPIA | ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A|The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme, which catalyzes the reversible conversion between ribose-5-phosphate and ribulose-5-phosphate in the pentose-phosphate pathway. This gene is highly conserved in most organisms. The enzyme plays an essential role in the carbohydrate metabolism. Mutations in this gene cause ribose 5-phosphate isomerase deficiency. A pseudogene is found on chromosome 18. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| MTPAP | mitochondrial poly(A) polymerase|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the DNA polymerase type-B-like family. This enzyme synthesizes the 3' poly(A) tail of mitochondrial transcripts and plays a role in replication-dependent histone mRNA degradation.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| ORMDL2 | ORMDL sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 2| |
| ORMDL3 | ORMDL sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 3| |
| ORMDL1 | ORMDL sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 1| |
| KIF5A | kinesin family member 5A|This gene encodes a member of the kinesin family of proteins. Members of this family are part of a multisubunit complex that functions as a microtubule motor in intracellular organelle transport. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia 10. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIF5B | kinesin family member 5B| |
| LYPD6B | LY6/PLAUR domain containing 6B| |
| MASP1 | mannan-binding lectin serine peptidase 1 (C4/C2 activating component of Ra-reactive factor)|This gene encodes a serine protease that functions as a component of the lectin pathway of complement activation. The complement pathway plays an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune response. The encoded protein is synthesized as a zymogen and is activated when it complexes with the pathogen recognition molecules of lectin pathway, the mannose-binding lectin and the ficolins. This protein is not directly involved in complement activation but may play a role as an amplifier of complement activation by cleaving complement C2 or by activating another complement serine protease, MASP-2. The encoded protein is also able to cleave fibrinogen and factor XIII and may may be involved in coagulation. A splice variant of this gene which lacks the serine protease domain functions as an inhibitor of the complement pathway. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| MASP2 | mannan-binding lectin serine peptidase 2|The Ra-reactive factor (RARF) is a complement-dependent bactericidal factor that binds to the Ra and R2 polysaccharides expressed by certain enterobacteria. Alternate splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding two RARF components that are involved in the mannan-binding lectin pathway of complement activation. The longer isoform is cleaved into two chains which form a heterodimer linked by a disulfide bond. The encoded proteins are members of the trypsin family of peptidases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD2BP2 | CD2 (cytoplasmic tail) binding protein 2|This gene encodes a bi-functional protein. In the cytoplasm, the encoded protein binds the cytoplasmic tail of human surface antigen CD2 via its C-terminal GYF domain, and regulate CD2-triggered T lymphocyte activation. In the nucleus, this protein is a component of the U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex and is involved in RNA splicing. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 7. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| CD3D | CD3d molecule, delta (CD3-TCR complex)|The protein encoded by this gene is part of the T-cell receptor/CD3 complex (TCR/CD3 complex) and is involved in T-cell development and signal transduction. The encoded membrane protein represents the delta subunit of the CD3 complex, and along with four other CD3 subunits, binds either TCR alpha/beta or TCR gamma/delta to form the TCR/CD3 complex on the surface of T-cells. Defects in this gene are a cause of severe combined immunodeficiency autosomal recessive T-cell-negative/B-cell-positive/NK-cell-positive (SCIDBNK). Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Other variants may also exist, but the full-length natures of their transcripts has yet to be defined. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| CD3E | CD3e molecule, epsilon (CD3-TCR complex)|The protein encoded by this gene is the CD3-epsilon polypeptide, which together with CD3-gamma, -delta and -zeta, and the T-cell receptor alpha/beta and gamma/delta heterodimers, forms the T-cell receptor-CD3 complex. This complex plays an important role in coupling antigen recognition to several intracellular signal-transduction pathways. The genes encoding the epsilon, gamma and delta polypeptides are located in the same cluster on chromosome 11. The epsilon polypeptide plays an essential role in T-cell development. Defects in this gene cause immunodeficiency. This gene has also been linked to a susceptibility to type I diabetes in women. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD3G | CD3g molecule, gamma (CD3-TCR complex)|The protein encoded by this gene is the CD3-gamma polypeptide, which together with CD3-epsilon, -delta and -zeta, and the T-cell receptor alpha/beta and gamma/delta heterodimers, forms the T-cell receptor-CD3 complex. This complex plays an important role in coupling antigen recognition to several intracellular signal-transduction pathways. The genes encoding the epsilon, gamma and delta polypeptides are located in the same cluster on chromosome 11. Defects in this gene are associated with T cell immunodeficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACADS | acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, C-2 to C-3 short chain|This gene encodes a tetrameric mitochondrial flavoprotein, which is a member of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. This enzyme catalyzes the initial step of the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway. Mutations in this gene have been associated with short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) deficiency. Alternative splicing results in two variants which encode different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| KIAA0141 | KIAA0141| |
| FOXJ1 | forkhead box J1|This gene encodes a member of the forkhead family of transcription factors. Similar genes in zebrafish and mouse have been shown to regulate the transcription of genes that control the production of motile cilia. The mouse ortholog also functions in the determination of left-right asymmetry. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and allergic rhinitis.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| HSPG2 | heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2|This gene encodes the perlecan protein, which consists of a core protein to which three long chains of glycosaminoglycans (heparan sulfate or chondroitin sulfate) are attached. The perlecan protein is a large multidomain proteoglycan that binds to and cross-links many extracellular matrix components and cell-surface molecules. It has been shown that this protein interacts with laminin, prolargin, collagen type IV, FGFBP1, FBLN2, FGF7 and transthyretin, etc., and it plays essential roles in multiple biological activities. Perlecan is a key component of the vascular extracellular matrix, where it helps to maintain the endothelial barrier function. It is a potent inhibitor of smooth muscle cell proliferation and is thus thought to help maintain vascular homeostasis. It can also promote growth factor (e.g., FGF2) activity and thus stimulate endothelial growth and re-generation. It is a major component of basement membranes, where it is involved in the stabilization of other molecules as well as being involved with glomerular permeability to macromolecules and cell adhesion. Mutations in this gene cause Schwartz-Jampel syndrome type 1, Silverman-Handmaker type of dyssegmental dysplasia, and tardive dyskinesia. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| TMEM127 | transmembrane protein 127|This gene encodes a transmembrane protein with 3 predicted transmembrane domains. The protein is associated with a subpopulation of vesicular organelles corresponding to early endosomal structures, with the Golgi, and with lysosomes, and may participate in protein trafficking between these structures. Mutations in this gene and several other genes cause pheochromocytomas. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| KAT2A | K(lysine) acetyltransferase 2A|KAT2A, or GCN5, is a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that functions primarily as a transcriptional activator. It also functions as a repressor of NF-kappa-B (see MIM 164011) by promoting ubiquitination of the NF-kappa-B subunit RELA (MIM 164014) in a HAT-independent manner (Mao et al., 2009 [PubMed 19339690]).[supplied by OMIM, Sep 2009] |
| LARGE | like-glycosyltransferase|This gene, which is one of the largest in the human genome, encodes a member of the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase gene family. It encodes a glycosyltransferase which participates in glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan, and may carry out the synthesis of glycoprotein and glycosphingolipid sugar chains. It may also be involved in the addition of a repeated disaccharide unit. Mutations in this gene cause MDC1D, a novel form of congenital muscular dystrophy with severe mental retardation and abnormal glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD209 | CD209 molecule|This gene encodes a transmembrane receptor and is often referred to as DC-SIGN because of its expression on the surface of dendritic cells and macrophages. The encoded protein is involved in the innate immune system and recognizes numerous evolutionarily divergent pathogens ranging from parasites to viruses with a large impact on public health. The protein is organized into three distinct domains: an N-terminal transmembrane domain, a tandem-repeat neck domain and C-type lectin carbohydrate recognition domain. The extracellular region consisting of the C-type lectin and neck domains has a dual function as a pathogen recognition receptor and a cell adhesion receptor by binding carbohydrate ligands on the surface of microbes and endogenous cells. The neck region is important for homo-oligomerization which allows the receptor to bind multivalent ligands with high avidity. Variations in the number of 23 amino acid repeats in the neck domain of this protein are rare but have a significant impact on ligand binding ability. This gene is closely related in terms of both sequence and function to a neighboring gene (GeneID 10332; often referred to as L-SIGN). DC-SIGN and L-SIGN differ in their ligand-binding properties and distribution. Alternative splicing results in multiple variants.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| GCGR | glucagon receptor|The protein encoded by this gene is a glucagon receptor that is important in controlling blood glucose levels. Defects in this gene are a cause of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| CCDC53 | coiled-coil domain containing 53| |
| LAIR1 | leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1|The protein encoded by this gene is an inhibitory receptor found on peripheral mononuclear cells, including natural killer cells, T cells, and B cells. Inhibitory receptors regulate the immune response to prevent lysis of cells recognized as self. The gene is a member of both the immunoglobulin superfamily and the leukocyte-associated inhibitory receptor family. The gene maps to a region of 19q13.4 called the leukocyte receptor cluster, which contains at least 29 genes encoding leukocyte-expressed receptors of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein has been identified as an anchor for tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, and may induce cell death in myeloid leukemias. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| IFNGR1 | interferon gamma receptor 1|This gene (IFNGR1) encodes the ligand-binding chain (alpha) of the gamma interferon receptor. Human interferon-gamma receptor is a heterodimer of IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. A genetic variation in IFNGR1 is associated with susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori infection. In addition, defects in IFNGR1 are a cause of mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease, also known as familial disseminated atypical mycobacterial infection. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IFNGR2 | interferon gamma receptor 2 (interferon gamma transducer 1)|This gene (IFNGR2) encodes the non-ligand-binding beta chain of the gamma interferon receptor. Human interferon-gamma receptor is a heterodimer of IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. Defects in IFNGR2 are a cause of mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD), also known as familial disseminated atypical mycobacterial infection. MSMD is a genetically heterogeneous disease with autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant or X-linked inheritance. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD200 | CD200 molecule|The protein encoded by this gene is a type-1 membrane glycoprotein, which contains two immunoglobulin domains, and thus belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Studies of the related genes in mouse and rat suggest that this gene may regulate myeloid cell activity and delivers an inhibitory signal for the macrophage lineage in diverse tissues. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SEC16A | SEC16 homolog A (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a protein that forms part of the Sec16 complex. This protein has a role in protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi and mediates COPII vesicle formation at the transitional ER. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013] |
| SEC16B | SEC16 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)|SEC16B is a mammalian homolog of S. cerevisiae Sec16 that is required for organization of transitional endoplasmic reticulum (ER) sites and protein export (Bhattacharyya and Glick, 2007 [PubMed 17192411]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009] |
| CMIP | c-Maf inducing protein|This gene encodes a c-Maf inducing protein that plays a role in T-cell signaling pathway. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| ACADL | acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, long chain|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family, which is a family of mitochondrial flavoenzymes involved in fatty acid and branched chain amino-acid metabolism. This protein is one of the four enzymes that catalyze the initial step of mitochondrial beta-oxidation of straight-chain fatty acid. Defects in this gene are the cause of long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) deficiency, leading to nonketotic hypoglycemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLIN4 | perilipin 4|Members of the perilipin family, such as PLIN4, coat intracellular lipid storage droplets (Wolins et al., 2003 [PubMed 12840023]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2010] |
| SUCO | SUN domain containing ossification factor| |
| CDK1 | cyclin-dependent kinase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. This protein is a catalytic subunit of the highly conserved protein kinase complex known as M-phase promoting factor (MPF), which is essential for G1/S and G2/M phase transitions of eukaryotic cell cycle. Mitotic cyclins stably associate with this protein and function as regulatory subunits. The kinase activity of this protein is controlled by cyclin accumulation and destruction through the cell cycle. The phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of this protein also play important regulatory roles in cell cycle control. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| IARS2 | isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial|Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA by their cognate amino acid. Because of their central role in linking amino acids with nucleotide triplets contained in tRNAS, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are thought to be among the first proteins that appeared in evolution. Two forms of isoleucine-tRNA synthetase exist, a cytoplasmic form and a mitochondrial form. This gene encodes the mitochondrial isoleucine-tRNA synthetase which belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| USP49 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 49| |
| ECSCR | endothelial cell surface expressed chemotaxis and apoptosis regulator|The protein encoded by this gene is primarily found in endothelial cells and blood vessels, where it is involved in cell shape changes and EGF-induced cell migration. It can enhance the activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2/kinase insert domain receptor and also promote the proteolysis of internalized kinase insert domain receptor. This gene may play a role in angiogenesis-related diseases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| USP45 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 45| |
| USP44 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 44|Modification of cellular proteins by ubiquitin is an essential regulatory mechanism controlled by the coordinated action of multiple ubiquitin-conjugating and deubiquitinating enzymes. USP44 belongs to a large family of cysteine proteases that function as deubiquitinating enzymes (Quesada et al., 2004 [PubMed 14715245]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| USP47 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 47| |
| PYCRL | pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase-like| |
| USP41 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 41| |
| USP40 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 40|Modification of cellular proteins by ubiquitin is an essential regulatory mechanism controlled by the coordinated action of multiple ubiquitin-conjugating and deubiquitinating enzymes. USP40 belongs to a large family of cysteine proteases that function as deubiquitinating enzymes (Quesada et al., 2004 [PubMed 14715245]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| USP43 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 43| |
| USP42 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 42| |
| NFE2 | nuclear factor, erythroid 2| |
| MADCAM1 | mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1|The protein encoded by this gene is an endothelial cell adhesion molecule that interacts preferentially with the leukocyte beta7 integrin LPAM-1 (alpha4beta7), L-selectin, and VLA-4 (alpha4beta1) on myeloid cells to direct leukocytes into mucosal and inflamed tissues. It is a member of the immunoglobulin family and is similar to ICAM1 and VCAM1. At least seven alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different protein isoforms have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CX3CL1 | chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1| |
| LENG1 | leukocyte receptor cluster (LRC) member 1| |
| PLIN1 | perilipin 1|The protein encoded by this gene coats lipid storage droplets in adipocytes, thereby protecting them until they can be broken down by hormone-sensitive lipase. The encoded protein is the major cAMP-dependent protein kinase substrate in adipocytes and, when unphosphorylated, may play a role in the inhibition of lipolysis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants varying in the 5' UTR, but encoding the same protein, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| CDK2 | cyclin-dependent kinase 2|This gene encodes a member of a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that participate in cell cycle regulation. The encoded protein is the catalytic subunit of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase complex, which regulates progression through the cell cycle. Activity of this protein is especially critical during the G1 to S phase transition. This protein associates with and regulated by other subunits of the complex including cyclin A or E, CDK inhibitor p21Cip1 (CDKN1A), and p27Kip1 (CDKN1B). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| UMPS | uridine monophosphate synthetase|This gene encodes a uridine 5'-monophosphate synthase. The encoded protein is a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the final two steps of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. The first reaction is carried out by the N-terminal enzyme orotate phosphoribosyltransferase which converts orotic acid to orotidine-5'-monophosphate. The terminal reaction is carried out by the C-terminal enzyme OMP decarboxylase which converts orotidine-5'-monophosphate to uridine monophosphate. Defects in this gene are the cause of hereditary orotic aciduria. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| SMAP1 | small ArfGAP 1|The protein encoded by this gene is similar to the mouse stromal membrane-associated protein-1. This similarity suggests that this human gene product is also a type II membrane glycoprotein involved in the erythropoietic stimulatory activity of stromal cells. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAD50 | RAD50 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad50, a protein involved in DNA double-strand break repair. This protein forms a complex with MRE11 and NBS1. The protein complex binds to DNA and displays numerous enzymatic activities that are required for nonhomologous joining of DNA ends. This protein, cooperating with its partners, is important for DNA double-strand break repair, cell cycle checkpoint activation, telomere maintenance, and meiotic recombination. Knockout studies of the mouse homolog suggest this gene is essential for cell growth and viability. Mutations in this gene are the cause of Nijmegen breakage syndrome-like disorder.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| CDK11A | cyclin-dependent kinase 11A|This gene encodes a member of the p34Cdc2 protein kinase family. p34Cdc2 kinase family members are known to be essential for eukaryotic cell cycle control. This gene is in close proximity to CDC2L1, a nearly identical gene in the same chromosomal region. The gene loci including this gene, CDC2L1, as well as metalloprotease MMP21/22, consist of two identical, tandemly linked genomic regions, which are thought to be a part of the larger region that has been duplicated. This gene and CDC2L1 were shown to be deleted or altered frequently in neuroblastoma with amplified MYCN genes. The protein kinase encoded by this gene could be cleaved by caspases and was demonstrated to play roles in cell apoptosis. Many transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature of only two have been determined so far. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDK11B | cyclin-dependent kinase 11B|This gene encodes a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. Members of this kinase family are known to be essential for eukaryotic cell cycle control. Due to a segmental duplication, this gene shares very high sequence identity with a neighboring gene. These two genes are frequently deleted or altered in neuroblastoma. The protein kinase encoded by this gene can be cleaved by caspases and may play a role in cell apoptosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| NCAPD2 | non-SMC condensin I complex, subunit D2| |
| SCRN3 | secernin 3| |
| SCRN2 | secernin 2| |
| SCRN1 | secernin 1|This gene likely encodes a member of the secernin family of proteins. A similar protein in rat functions in regulation of exocytosis in mast cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| ZC2HC1A | zinc finger, C2HC-type containing 1A| |
| AMIGO3 | adhesion molecule with Ig-like domain 3| |
| BLM | Bloom syndrome, RecQ helicase-like|The Bloom syndrome gene product is related to the RecQ subset of DExH box-containing DNA helicases and has both DNA-stimulated ATPase and ATP-dependent DNA helicase activities. Mutations causing Bloom syndrome delete or alter helicase motifs and may disable the 3'-5' helicase activity. The normal protein may act to suppress inappropriate recombination. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C4orf17 | chromosome 4 open reading frame 17| |
| TNP2 | transition protein 2 (during histone to protamine replacement)| |
| ATOX1 | antioxidant 1 copper chaperone|This gene encodes a copper chaperone that plays a role in copper homeostasis by binding and transporting cytosolic copper to ATPase proteins in the trans-Golgi network for later incorporation to the ceruloplasmin. This protein also functions as an antioxidant against superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, and therefore, may play a significant role in cancer carcinogenesis. Because of its cytogenetic location, this gene represents a candidate gene for 5q-syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TNP1 | transition protein 1 (during histone to protamine replacement)|Transition protein-1 is a spermatid-specific product of the haploid genome which replaces histone and is itself replaced in the mature sperm by the protamines (see PRM1, MIM 182880; PRM2, MIM 182890) (Luerssen et al., 1990 [PubMed 2249851]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ACAD8 | acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family, member 8|This gene encodes a member of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family of enzymes that catalyze the dehydrogenation of acyl-CoA derivatives in the metabolism of fatty acids or branch chained amino acids. The encoded protein is a mitochondrial enzyme that functions in catabolism of the branched-chain amino acid valine. Defects in this gene are the cause of isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| ACAD9 | acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family, member 9|This gene encodes a member of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. Members of this family of proteins localize to the mitochondria and catalyze the rate-limiting step in the beta-oxidation of fatty acyl-CoA. The encoded protein is specifically active toward palmitoyl-CoA and long-chain unsaturated substrates. Mutations in this gene cause acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family member type 9 deficiency. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| UEVLD | UEV and lactate/malate dehyrogenase domains| |
| CYP2E1 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily E, polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and is induced by ethanol, the diabetic state, and starvation. The enzyme metabolizes both endogenous substrates, such as ethanol, acetone, and acetal, as well as exogenous substrates including benzene, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene glycol, and nitrosamines which are premutagens found in cigarette smoke. Due to its many substrates, this enzyme may be involved in such varied processes as gluconeogenesis, hepatic cirrhosis, diabetes, and cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LENG8 | leukocyte receptor cluster (LRC) member 8| |
| TPRG1L | tumor protein p63 regulated 1-like| |
| NPBWR2 | neuropeptides B/W receptor 2|The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and G protein-coupled receptor. The encoded protein is similar in sequence to another G protein-coupled receptor (GPR7), and it is structurally similar to opioid and somatostatin receptors. This protein binds neuropeptides B and W. This gene is intronless and is expressed primarily in the frontal cortex of the brain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RBCK1 | RanBP-type and C3HC4-type zinc finger containing 1|The protein encoded by this gene is similar to mouse UIP28/UbcM4 interacting protein. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus, resulting in distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDK4 | cyclin-dependent kinase 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. This protein is highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28 and S. pombe cdc2. It is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression. The activity of this kinase is restricted to the G1-S phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits D-type cyclins and CDK inhibitor p16(INK4a). This kinase was shown to be responsible for the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma gene product (Rb). Mutations in this gene as well as in its related proteins including D-type cyclins, p16(INK4a) and Rb were all found to be associated with tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers. Multiple polyadenylation sites of this gene have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VAT1L | vesicle amine transport 1-like| |
| IGKV4-1 | immunoglobulin kappa variable 4-1| |
| SRCAP | Snf2-related CREBBP activator protein|This gene encodes the core catalytic component of the multiprotein chromatin-remodeling SRCAP complex. The encoded protein is an ATPase that is necessary for the incorporation of the histone variant H2A.Z into nucleosomes. It can function as a transcriptional activator in Notch-mediated, CREB-mediated and steroid receptor-mediated transcription. Mutations in this gene cause Floating-Harbor syndrome, a rare disorder characterized by short stature, language deficits and dysmorphic facial features. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| BLK | BLK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase|This gene encodes a nonreceptor tyrosine-kinase of the src family of proto-oncogenes that are typically involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. The protein has a role in B-cell receptor signaling and B-cell development. The protein also stimulates insulin synthesis and secretion in response to glucose and enhances the expression of several pancreatic beta-cell transcription factors. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| RPS7 | ribosomal protein S7|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S7E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADAMTS10 | ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 10|This gene belongs to the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain with thrombospondin type-1 motifs) family of zinc-dependent proteases. ADAMTS proteases are complex secreted enzymes containing a prometalloprotease domain of the reprolysin type attached to an ancillary domain with a highly conserved structure that includes at least one thrombospondin type 1 repeat. They have been demonstrated to have important roles in connective tissue organization, coagulation, inflammation, arthritis, angiogenesis and cell migration. The product of this gene plays a major role in growth and in skin, lens, and heart development. It is also a candidate gene for autosomal recessive Weill-Marchesani syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADAMTS13 | ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 13|This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins containing several distinct regions, including a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. The enzyme encoded by this gene specifically cleaves von Willebrand Factor (vWF). Defects in this gene are associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| ADAMTS12 | ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 12|This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS-1) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS-1 motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The enzyme encoded by this gene contains eight TS-1 motifs. It may play roles in pulmonary cells during fetal development or in tumor processes through its proteolytic activity or as a molecule potentially involved in regulation of cell adhesion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLCE1 | phospholipase C, epsilon 1|This gene encodes a phospholipase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate to generate two second messengers: inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). These second messengers subsequently regulate various processes affecting cell growth, differentiation, and gene expression. This enzyme is regulated by small monomeric GTPases of the Ras and Rho families and by heterotrimeric G proteins. In addition to its phospholipase C catalytic activity, this enzyme has an N-terminal domain with guanine nucleotide exchange (GEF) activity. Mutations in this gene cause early-onset nephrotic syndrome; characterized by proteinuria, edema, and diffuse mesangial sclerosis or focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| RPS2 | ribosomal protein S2|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S5P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. This gene shares sequence similarity with mouse LLRep3. It is co-transcribed with the small nucleolar RNA gene U64, which is located in its third intron. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADAMTS17 | ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 17|This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. ADAMTS family members share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The protein encoded by this gene has a high sequence similarity to the protein encoded by ADAMTS19, another family member. The function of this protein has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADAMTS16 | ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 16|This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. ADAMTS family members share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The protein encoded by this gene has high sequence similarity to the protein encoded by ADAMTS18, another family member. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADAMTS19 | ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 19|This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The protein encoded by this gene has high sequence similarity to the protein encoded by ADAMTS16, another family member. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADAMTS18 | ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 18|This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. ADAMTS family members share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The protein encoded by this gene has a high sequence similarity to the protein encoded by gene ADAMTS16, another family member. It is thought to function as a tumor suppressor. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VDAC1 | voltage-dependent anion channel 1|This gene encodes a voltage-dependent anion channel protein that is a major component of the outer mitochondrial membrane. The encoded protein facilitates the exchange of metabolites and ions across the outer mitochondrial membrane and may regulate mitochondrial functions. This protein also forms channels in the plasma membrane and may be involved in transmembrane electron transport. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Multiple pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 1, 2 3, 6, 9, 12, X and Y.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| RPS9 | ribosomal protein S9|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S4P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. Variable expression of this gene in colorectal cancers compared to adjacent normal tissues has been observed, although no correlation between the level of expression and the severity of the disease has been found. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, multiple processed pseudogenes derived from this gene are dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPS8 | ribosomal protein S8|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S8E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. Increased expression of this gene in colorectal tumors and colon polyps compared to matched normal colonic mucosa has been observed. This gene is co-transcribed with the small nucleolar RNA genes U38A, U38B, U39, and U40, which are located in its fourth, fifth, first, and second introns, respectively. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC7A7 | solute carrier family 7 (amino acid transporter light chain, y+L system), member 7|The protein encoded by this gene is the light subunit of a cationic amino acid transporter. This sodium-independent transporter is formed when the light subunit encoded by this gene dimerizes with the heavy subunit transporter protein SLC3A2. This transporter is found in epithelial cell membranes where it transfers cationic and large neutral amino acids from the cell to the extracellular space. Defects in this gene are a cause of lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| SLC52A2 | solute carrier family 52 (riboflavin transporter), member 2|This gene encodes a membrane protein which belongs to the riboflavin transporter family. In humans, riboflavin must be obtained by intestinal absorption because it cannot be synthesized by the body. The water-soluble vitamin riboflavin is processed to the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) which then act as intermediaries in many cellular metabolic reactions. Paralogous members of the riboflavin transporter gene family are located on chromosomes 17 and 20. Unlike other members of this family, this gene has higher expression in brain tissue than small intestine. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome 2 - an autosomal recessive progressive neurologic disorder characterized by deafness, bulbar dysfunction, and axial and limb hypotonia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| DEF6 | differentially expressed in FDCP 6 homolog (mouse)|DEF6, or IBP, is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RAC (MIM 602048) and CDC42 (MIM 116952) that is highly expressed in B and T cells (Gupta et al., 2003 [PubMed 12923183]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| DHX58 | DEXH (Asp-Glu-X-His) box polypeptide 58| |
| ANKRD24 | ankyrin repeat domain 24| |
| DHX57 | DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp/His) box polypeptide 57| |
| DEF8 | differentially expressed in FDCP 8 homolog (mouse)| |
| TSPAN2 | tetraspanin 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| TMEM201 | transmembrane protein 201| |
| PPBP | pro-platelet basic protein (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7)|The protein encoded by this gene is a platelet-derived growth factor that belongs to the CXC chemokine family. This growth factor is a potent chemoattractant and activator of neutrophils. It has been shown to stimulate various cellular processes including DNA synthesis, mitosis, glycolysis, intracellular cAMP accumulation, prostaglandin E2 secretion, and synthesis of hyaluronic acid and sulfated glycosaminoglycan. It also stimulates the formation and secretion of plasminogen activator by synovial cells. The protein also is an antimicrobial protein with bactericidal and antifungal activity. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| TMEM203 | transmembrane protein 203| |
| TMEM205 | transmembrane protein 205| |
| TMEM206 | transmembrane protein 206| |
| TMEM207 | transmembrane protein 207| |
| TMEM208 | transmembrane protein 208| |
| TMEM209 | transmembrane protein 209| |
| SLC6A11 | solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 11|Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter. GABAergic neurotransmission is terminated by the uptake of GABA into the presynaptic terminal and the surrounding astroglial cells by sodium-dependent transporters, such as SLC6A11 (Borden et al., 1994 [PubMed 7874447]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| NUFIP1 | nuclear fragile X mental retardation protein interacting protein 1|This gene encodes a nuclear RNA binding protein that contains a C2H2 zinc finger motif and a nuclear localization signal. This protein is associated with the nuclear matrix in perichromatin fibrils and, in neurons, localizes to the cytoplasm in association with endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes. This protein interacts with the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), the tumor suppressor protein BRCA1, upregulates RNA polymerase II transcription, and is involved in box C/D snoRNP biogenesis. A pseudogene of this gene resides on chromosome 6q12. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| SLC6A17 | solute carrier family 6 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 17|The SLC6 family of proteins, which includes SLC6A17, acts as specific transporters for neurotransmitters, amino acids, and osmolytes like betaine, taurine, and creatine. SLC6 proteins are sodium cotransporters that derive the energy for solute transport from the electrochemical gradient for sodium ions (Hoglund et al., 2005 [PubMed 16125675]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SLC6A15 | solute carrier family 6 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 15|This gene encodes a member of the solute carrier family 6 protein family which transports neutral amino acids. The encoded protein is thought to play a role in neuronal amino acid transport (PMID: 16185194) and may be associated with major depression (PMID: 21521612). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| SLC6A14 | solute carrier family 6 (amino acid transporter), member 14|This gene encodes a member of the solute carrier family 6. Members of this family are sodium and chloride dependent neurotransmitter transporters. The encoded protein transports both neutral and cationic amino acids. This protein may also function as a beta-alanine carrier. Mutations in this gene may be associated with X-linked obesity. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome X.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| GALT | galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase|Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) catalyzes the second step of the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism, namely the conversion of UDP-glucose + galactose-1-phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate + UDP-galactose. The absence of this enzyme results in classic galactosemia in humans and can be fatal in the newborn period if lactose is not removed from the diet. The pathophysiology of galactosemia has not been clearly defined. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| HMGCS1 | 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 (soluble)| |
| HMGCS2 | 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (mitochondrial)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the HMG-CoA synthase family. It is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the first reaction of ketogenesis, a metabolic pathway that provides lipid-derived energy for various organs during times of carbohydrate deprivation, such as fasting. Mutations in this gene are associated with HMG-CoA synthase deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| KIAA1328 | KIAA1328| |
| DDIT4L | DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4-like| |
| CAMKV | CaM kinase-like vesicle-associated| |
| SORD | sorbitol dehydrogenase|Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SORD; EC 1.1.1.14) catalyzes the interconversion of polyols and their corresponding ketoses, and together with aldose reductase (ALDR1; MIM 103880), makes up the sorbitol pathway that is believed to play an important role in the development of diabetic complications (summarized by Carr and Markham, 1995 [PubMed 8535074]). The first reaction of the pathway (also called the polyol pathway) is the reduction of glucose to sorbitol by ALDR1 with NADPH as the cofactor. SORD then oxidizes the sorbitol to fructose using NAD(+) cofactor.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2010] |
| GALE | UDP-galactose-4-epimerase|This gene encodes UDP-galactose-4-epimerase which catalyzes two distinct but analogous reactions: the epimerization of UDP-glucose to UDP-galactose, and the epimerization of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine. The bifunctional nature of the enzyme has the important metabolic consequence that mutant cells (or individuals) are dependent not only on exogenous galactose, but also on exogenous N-acetylgalactosamine as a necessary precursor for the synthesis of glycoproteins and glycolipids. Mutations in this gene result in epimerase-deficiency galactosemia, also referred to as galactosemia type 3, a disease characterized by liver damage, early-onset cataracts, deafness and mental retardation, with symptoms ranging from mild ('peripheral' form) to severe ('generalized' form). Multiple alternatively spliced transcripts encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IGSF21 | immunoglobin superfamily, member 21|This gene encodes a protein which has two immunoglobulin (Ig) domains and is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Proteins in this superfamily are usually found on or in cell membranes and act as receptors in immune response pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| GALC | galactosylceramidase|This gene encodes a lysosomal protein which hydrolyzes the galactose ester bonds of galactosylceramide, galactosylsphingosine, lactosylceramide, and monogalactosyldiglyceride. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Krabbe disease, also known as globoid cell leukodystrophy. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GALM | galactose mutarotase (aldose 1-epimerase)|This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the epimerization of hexose sugars such as glucose and galactose. The encoded protein is expressed in the cytoplasm and has a preference for galactose. The encoded protein may be required for normal galactose metabolism by maintaining the equilibrium of alpha and beta anomers of galactose.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| C1RL | complement component 1, r subcomponent-like| |
| CYP4F22 | cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily F, polypeptide 22|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This gene is part of a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes on chromosome 19 and encodes an enzyme thought to play a role in the 12(R)-lipoxygenase pathway. Mutations in this gene are the cause of ichthyosis lamellar type 3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HSP90AA1 | heat shock protein 90kDa alpha (cytosolic), class A member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is an inducible molecular chaperone that functions as a homodimer. The encoded protein aids in the proper folding of specific target proteins by use of an ATPase activity that is modulated by co-chaperones. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| RPSA | ribosomal protein SA|Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Many of the effects of laminin are mediated through interactions with cell surface receptors. These receptors include members of the integrin family, as well as non-integrin laminin-binding proteins. This gene encodes a high-affinity, non-integrin family, laminin receptor 1. This receptor has been variously called 67 kD laminin receptor, 37 kD laminin receptor precursor (37LRP) and p40 ribosome-associated protein. The amino acid sequence of laminin receptor 1 is highly conserved through evolution, suggesting a key biological function. It has been observed that the level of the laminin receptor transcript is higher in colon carcinoma tissue and lung cancer cell line than their normal counterparts. Also, there is a correlation between the upregulation of this polypeptide in cancer cells and their invasive and metastatic phenotype. Multiple copies of this gene exist, however, most of them are pseudogenes thought to have arisen from retropositional events. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C14orf93 | chromosome 14 open reading frame 93| |
| TAPBP | TAP binding protein (tapasin)|This gene encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein which mediates interaction between newly assembled major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), which is required for the transport of antigenic peptides across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. This interaction is essential for optimal peptide loading on the MHC class I molecule. Up to four complexes of MHC class I and this protein may be bound to a single TAP molecule. This protein contains a C-terminal double-lysine motif (KKKAE) known to maintain membrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. This gene lies within the major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6. Alternative splicing results in three transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADRB1 | adrenoceptor beta 1|The adrenergic receptors (subtypes alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, and beta 2) are a prototypic family of guanine nucleotide binding regulatory protein-coupled receptors that mediate the physiological effects of the hormone epinephrine and the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Specific polymorphisms in this gene have been shown to affect the resting heart rate and can be involved in heart failure. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADRB2 | adrenoceptor beta 2, surface|This gene encodes beta-2-adrenergic receptor which is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. This receptor is directly associated with one of its ultimate effectors, the class C L-type calcium channel Ca(V)1.2. This receptor-channel complex also contains a G protein, an adenylyl cyclase, cAMP-dependent kinase, and the counterbalancing phosphatase, PP2A. The assembly of the signaling complex provides a mechanism that ensures specific and rapid signaling by this G protein-coupled receptor. This gene is intronless. Different polymorphic forms, point mutations, and/or downregulation of this gene are associated with nocturnal asthma, obesity and type 2 diabetes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADRB3 | adrenoceptor beta 3|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of beta adrenergic receptors, which mediate catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. This receptor is located mainly in the adipose tissue and is involved in the regulation of lipolysis and thermogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| LPAR3 | lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3|This gene encodes a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, as well as the EDG family of proteins. This protein functions as a cellular receptor for lysophosphatidic acid and mediates lysophosphatidic acid-evoked calcium mobilization. This receptor couples predominantly to G(q/11) alpha proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZSCAN23 | zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 23| |
| CSNK2B | casein kinase 2, beta polypeptide|This gene encodes the beta subunit of casein kinase II, a ubiquitous protein kinase which regulates metabolic pathways, signal transduction, transcription, translation, and replication. The enzyme is composed of three subunits, alpha, alpha prime and beta, which form a tetrameric holoenzyme. The alpha and alpha prime subunits are catalytic, while the beta subunit serves regulatory functions. The enzyme localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| CABP4 | calcium binding protein 4|This gene encodes a member of the CABP family of calcium binding protein characterized by four EF-hand motifs. Mutations in this gene are associated with congenital stationary night blindness type 2B. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| MCM3AP | minichromosome maintenance complex component 3 associated protein|The minichromosome maintenance protein 3 (MCM3) is one of the MCM proteins essential for the initiation of DNA replication. The protein encoded by this gene is a MCM3 binding protein. It was reported to have phosphorylation-dependent DNA-primase activity, which was up-regulated in antigen immunization induced germinal center. This protein was demonstrated to be an acetyltransferase that acetylates MCM3 and plays a role in DNA replication. The mutagenesis of a nuclear localization signal of MCM3 affects the binding of this protein with MCM3, suggesting that this protein may also facilitate MCM3 nuclear localization. This gene is expressed in the brain or in neuronal tissue. An allelic variant encoding amino acid Lys at 915, instead of conserved Glu, has been identified in patients with mild intellectual disability. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| RASGRP1 | RAS guanyl releasing protein 1 (calcium and DAG-regulated)|This gene is a member of a family of genes characterized by the presence of a Ras superfamily guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) domain. It functions as a diacylglycerol (DAG)-regulated nucleotide exchange factor specifically activating Ras through the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. It activates the Erk/MAP kinase cascade and regulates T-cells and B-cells development, homeostasis and differentiation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. Altered expression of the different isoforms of this protein may be a cause of susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FCGR3A | Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity IIIa, receptor (CD16a)|This gene encodes a receptor for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G, and it is involved in the removal of antigen-antibody complexes from the circulation, as well as other other antibody-dependent responses. This gene (FCGR3A) is highly similar to another nearby gene (FCGR3B) located on chromosome 1. The receptor encoded by this gene is expressed on natural killer (NK) cells as an integral membrane glycoprotein anchored through a transmembrane peptide, whereas FCGR3B is expressed on polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) where the receptor is anchored through a phosphatidylinositol (PI) linkage. Mutations in this gene have been linked to susceptibility to recurrent viral infections, susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus, and alloimmune neonatal neutropenia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TCF23 | transcription factor 23|The gene encodes a member of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor family. Studies of the orthologous gene in mouse have shown the encoded protein does not bind DNA but may negatively regulate other basic helix-loop-helix factors via the formation of a functionally inactive heterodimeric complex. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| FCGR3B | Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity IIIb, receptor (CD16b)|The protein encoded by this gene is a low affinity receptor for the Fc region of gamma immunoglobulins (IgG). The encoded protein acts as a monomer and can bind either monomeric or aggregated IgG. This gene may function to capture immune complexes in the peripheral circulation. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. A highly-similar gene encoding a related protein is also found on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| ALDH1A1 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. Aldehyde dehydrogenase is the next enzyme after alcohol dehydrogenase in the major pathway of alcohol metabolism. There are two major aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes in the liver, cytosolic and mitochondrial, which are encoded by distinct genes, and can be distinguished by their electrophoretic mobility, kinetic properties, and subcellular localization. This gene encodes the cytosolic isozyme. Studies in mice show that through its role in retinol metabolism, this gene may also be involved in the regulation of the metabolic responses to high-fat diet. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| ALDH1A2 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2|This protein belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family of proteins. The product of this gene is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of retinoic acid (RA) from retinaldehyde. Retinoic acid, the active derivative of vitamin A (retinol), is a hormonal signaling molecule that functions in developing and adult tissues. The studies of a similar mouse gene suggest that this enzyme and the cytochrome CYP26A1, concurrently establish local embryonic retinoic acid levels which facilitate posterior organ development and prevent spina bifida. Four transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| ALDH1A3 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A3|This gene encodes an aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme that uses retinal as a substrate. Mutations in this gene have been associated with microphthalmia, isolated 8, and expression changes have also been detected in tumor cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| SLC35B1 | solute carrier family 35, member B1|This gene encodes a nucleotide sugar transporter which is a member of solute carrier family 35. The transporters in this family are highly conserved hydrophobic proteins with multiple transmembrane domains. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| PRICKLE2 | prickle homolog 2 (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a homolog of Drosophila prickle. The exact function of this gene is not known, however, studies in mice suggest that it may be involved in seizure prevention. Mutations in this gene are associated with progressive myoclonic epilepsy type 5. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| PRICKLE3 | prickle homolog 3 (Drosophila)|LIM domain only 6 is a three LIM domain-containing protein. The LIM domain is a cysteine-rich sequence motif that binds zinc atoms to form a specific protein-binding interface for protein-protein interactions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRICKLE4 | prickle homolog 4 (Drosophila)|C6ORF49 is a member of the LIM domain protein family (Teufel et al., 2005 [PubMed 15702247]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MRPS9 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S9|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DEFB4A | defensin, beta 4A|Defensins form a family of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides made by neutrophils. Members of the defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence. This gene encodes defensin, beta 4, an antibiotic peptide which is locally regulated by inflammation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCNJL | cyclin J-like| |
| PCYOX1 | prenylcysteine oxidase 1|Prenylcysteine is released during the degradation of prenylated proteins. PCYOX1 catalyzes the degradation of prenylcysteine to yield free cysteines and a hydrophobic isoprenoid product (Tschantz et al., 1999 [PubMed 10585463]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| RPL24 | ribosomal protein L24|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L24E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. This gene has been referred to as ribosomal protein L30 because the encoded protein shares amino acid identity with the L30 ribosomal proteins from S. cerevisiae; however, its official name is ribosomal protein L24. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPL27 | ribosomal protein L27|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L27E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPL26 | ribosomal protein L26|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L24P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPL21 | ribosomal protein L21|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L21E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPL23 | ribosomal protein L23|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L14P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. This gene has been referred to as rpL17 because the encoded protein shares amino acid identity with ribosomal protein L17 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae; however, its official symbol is RPL23. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPL22 | ribosomal protein L22|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a cytoplasmic ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L22E family of ribosomal proteins. Its initiating methionine residue is post-translationally removed. The protein can bind specifically to Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs) 1 and 2. The mouse protein has been shown to be capable of binding to heparin. Transcript variants utilizing alternative polyA signals exist. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. It was previously thought that this gene mapped to 3q26 and that it was fused to the acute myeloid leukemia 1 (AML1) gene located at 21q22 in some therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome patients with 3;21 translocations; however, these fusions actually involve a ribosomal protein L22 pseudogene located at 3q26, and this gene actually maps to 1p36.3-p36.2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPS7 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S7|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein. In the prokaryotic ribosome, the comparable protein is thought to play an essential role in organizing the 3' domain of the 16 S rRNA in the vicinity of the P- and A-sites. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 8p and 12p. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC16A10 | solute carrier family 16 (aromatic amino acid transporter), member 10|SLC16A10 is a member of a family of plasma membrane amino acid transporters that mediate the Na(+)-independent transport of aromatic amino acids across the plasma membrane.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| SLC16A13 | solute carrier family 16, member 13| |
| MRPS6 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S6|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S6P family. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 1p and 12q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPINK7 | serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 7 (putative)| |
| EYA4 | EYA transcriptional coactivator and phosphatase 4|This gene encodes a member of the eyes absent (EYA) family of proteins. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional activator through its protein phosphatase activity, and it may be important for eye development, and for continued function of the mature organ of Corti. Mutations in this gene are associated with postlingual, progressive, autosomal dominant hearing loss at the deafness, autosomal dominant non-syndromic sensorineural 10 locus. The encoded protein is also a putative oncogene that mediates DNA repair, apoptosis, and innate immunity following DNA damage, cellular damage, and viral attack. Defects in this gene are also associated with dilated cardiomyopathy 1J. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| SPINK5 | serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 5|This gene encodes a multidomain serine protease inhibitor that contains 15 potential inhibitory domains. The inhibitor may play a role in skin and hair morphogenesis and anti-inflammatory and/or antimicrobial protection of mucous epithelia. Mutations may result in Netherton syndrome, a disorder characterized by ichthyosis, defective cornification, and atopy. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SOX5 | SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 5|This gene encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of the cell fate. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional regulator after forming a protein complex with other proteins. The encoded protein may play a role in chondrogenesis. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 8. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EYA1 | EYA transcriptional coactivator and phosphatase 1|This gene encodes a member of the eyes absent (EYA) family of proteins. The encoded protein may play a role in the developing kidney, branchial arches, eye, and ear. Mutations of this gene have been associated with branchiootorenal dysplasia syndrome, branchiootic syndrome, and sporadic cases of congenital cataracts and ocular anterior segment anomalies. A similar protein in mice can act as a transcriptional activator. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| TDRD1 | tudor domain containing 1|This gene is similar to a mouse gene that encodes a tudor domain protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described but their full length sequences have not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPINK1 | serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a trypsin inhibitor, which is secreted from pancreatic acinar cells into pancreatic juice. It is thought to function in the prevention of trypsin-catalyzed premature activation of zymogens within the pancreas and the pancreatic duct. Mutations in this gene are associated with hereditary pancreatitis and tropical calcific pancreatitis. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| EYA2 | EYA transcriptional coactivator and phosphatase 2|This gene encodes a member of the eyes absent (EYA) family of proteins. The encoded protein may be post-translationally modified and may play a role in eye development. A similar protein in mice can act as a transcriptional activator. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, but the full-length natures of all of these variants have not yet been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| MPND | MPN domain containing| |
| HPX | hemopexin|This gene encodes a plasma glycoprotein that binds heme with high affinity. The encoded protein is an acute phase protein that transports heme from the plasma to the liver and may be involved in protecting cells from oxidative stress. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| SMARCB1 | SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily b, member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is part of a complex that relieves repressive chromatin structures, allowing the transcriptional machinery to access its targets more effectively. The encoded nuclear protein may also bind to and enhance the DNA joining activity of HIV-1 integrase. This gene has been found to be a tumor suppressor, and mutations in it have been associated with malignant rhabdoid tumors. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FBXO32 | F-box protein 32|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of the ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbxs class and contains an F-box domain. This protein is highly expressed during muscle atrophy, whereas mice deficient in this gene were found to be resistant to atrophy. This protein is thus a potential drug target for the treatment of muscle atrophy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| ZNF720 | zinc finger protein 720| |
| PIEZO2 | piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 2|The protein encoded by this gene contains more than thirty transmembrane domains and likely functions as part of mechanically-activated (MA) cation channels. These channels serve to connect mechanical forces to biological signals. The encoded protein quickly adapts MA currents in somatosensory neurons. Defects in this gene are a cause of type 5 distal arthrogryposis. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but their full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| PIEZO1 | piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1|Piezos are large transmembrane proteins conserved among various species, all having between 24 and 36 predicted transmembrane domains. 'Piezo' comes from the Greek 'piesi,' meaning 'pressure.' The FAM38A gene encodes PIEZO1, a protein that induces mechanically activated (MA) currents in various cell types (Coste et al., 2010 [PubMed 20813920]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| GPR26 | G protein-coupled receptor 26| |
| MRPS2 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S2|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S2 family. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| HPN | hepsin|This gene encodes a type II transmembrane serine protease that may be involved in diverse cellular functions, including blood coagulation and the maintenance of cell morphology. Expression of the encoded protein is associated with the growth and progression of cancers, particularly prostate cancer. The protein is cleaved into a catalytic serine protease chain and a non-catalytic scavenger receptor cysteine-rich chain, which associate via a single disulfide bond. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| ZUFSP | zinc finger with UFM1-specific peptidase domain| |
| HPD | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase|The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme in the catabolic pathway of tyrosine. The encoded protein catalyzes the conversion of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to homogentisate. Defects in this gene are a cause of tyrosinemia type 3 (TYRO3) and hawkinsinuria (HAWK). Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| RAD54B | RAD54 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the DEAD-like helicase superfamily. It shares similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD54 and RDH54, both of which are involved in homologous recombination and repair of DNA. This protein binds to double-stranded DNA, and displays ATPase activity in the presence of DNA. This gene is highly expressed in testis and spleen, which suggests active roles in meiotic and mitotic recombination. Homozygous mutations of this gene were observed in primary lymphoma and colon cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATXN2 | ataxin 2|The autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (ADCA) are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of the cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord. Clinically, ADCA has been divided into three groups: ADCA types I-III. Defects in this gene are the cause of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2). SCA2 belongs to the autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias type I (ADCA I) which are characterized by cerebellar ataxia in combination with additional clinical features like optic atrophy, ophthalmoplegia, bulbar and extrapyramidal signs, peripheral neuropathy and dementia. SCA2 is caused by expansion of a CAG repeat in the coding region of this gene. This locus has been mapped to chromosome 12, and it has been determined that the diseased allele contains 37-50 CAG repeats, compared to 17-29 in the normal allele. Longer expansions result in earlier onset of the disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified but their full length sequence has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| ZNF726 | zinc finger protein 726| |
| OAZ2 | ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ornithine decarboxylase antizyme family, which plays a role in cell growth and proliferation by regulating intracellular polyamines. Expression of antizymes requires +1 ribosomal frameshifting, which is enhanced by high levels of polyamines. Antizymes in turn bind to and inhibit ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis; thus, completing the auto-regulatory circuit. This gene encodes antizyme 2, the second member of the antizyme family. Like antizyme 1, antizyme 2 has broad tissue distribution, inhibits ODC activity and polyamine uptake, and stimulates ODC degradation in vivo; however, it fails to promote ODC degradation in vitro. Antizyme 2 is expressed at lower levels than antizyme 1, but is evolutionary more conserved, suggesting it likely has an important biological role. Studies also show different subcellular localization of antizymes 1 and 2, indicating specific function for each antizyme in discrete compartments of the cell. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| OAZ3 | ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 3|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ornithine decarboxylase antizyme family, which plays a role in cell growth and proliferation by regulating intracellular polyamine levels. Expression of antizymes requires +1 ribosomal frameshifting, which is enhanced by high levels of polyamines. Antizymes in turn bind to and inhibit ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis; thus, completing the auto-regulatory circuit. This gene encodes antizyme 3, the third member of the antizyme family. Like antizymes 1 and 2, antizyme 3 inhibits ODC activity and polyamine uptake; however, it does not stimulate ODC degradation. Also, while antizymes 1 and 2 have broad tissue distribution, expression of antizyme 3 is restricted to haploid germ cells in testis, suggesting a distinct role for this antizyme in spermiogenesis. Antizyme 3 gene knockout studies showed that homozygous mutant male mice were infertile, and indicated the likely role of this antizyme in the formation of a rigid connection between the sperm head and tail during spermatogenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms, including one resulting from the use of non-AUG (CUG) translation initiation codon, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| OAZ1 | ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ornithine decarboxylase antizyme family, which plays a role in cell growth and proliferation by regulating intracellular polyamine levels. Expression of antizymes requires +1 ribosomal frameshifting, which is enhanced by high levels of polyamines. Antizymes in turn bind to and inhibit ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis; thus, completing the auto-regulatory circuit. This gene encodes antizyme 1, the first member of the antizyme family, that has broad tissue distribution, and negatively regulates intracellular polyamine levels by binding to and targeting ODC for degradation, as well as inhibiting polyamine uptake. Antizyme 1 mRNA contains two potential in-frame AUGs; and studies in rat suggest that alternative use of the two translation initiation sites results in N-terminally distinct protein isoforms with different subcellular localization. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have also been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| RALGAPB | Ral GTPase activating protein, beta subunit (non-catalytic)| |
| RBP3 | retinol binding protein 3, interstitial|Interphotoreceptor retinol-binding protein is a large glycoprotein known to bind retinoids and found primarily in the interphotoreceptor matrix of the retina between the retinal pigment epithelium and the photoreceptor cells. It is thought to transport retinoids between the retinal pigment epithelium and the photoreceptors, a critical role in the visual process.The human IRBP gene is approximately 9.5 kbp in length and consists of four exons separated by three introns. The introns are 1.6-1.9 kbp long. The gene is transcribed by photoreceptor and retinoblastoma cells into an approximately 4.3-kilobase mRNA that is translated and processed into a glycosylated protein of 135,000 Da. The amino acid sequence of human IRBP can be divided into four contiguous homology domains with 33-38% identity, suggesting a series of gene duplication events. In the gene, the boundaries of these domains are not defined by exon-intron junctions, as might have been expected. The first three homology domains and part of the fourth are all encoded by the first large exon, which is 3,180 base pairs long. The remainder of the fourth domain is encoded in the last three exons, which are 191, 143, and approximately 740 base pairs long, respectively. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM26E | family with sequence similarity 26, member E| |
| ATXN1 | ataxin 1|The autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (ADCA) are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of the cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord. Clinically, ADCA has been divided into three groups: ADCA types I-III. ADCAI is genetically heterogeneous, with five genetic loci, designated spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6, being assigned to five different chromosomes. ADCAII, which always presents with retinal degeneration (SCA7), and ADCAIII often referred to as the `pure' cerebellar syndrome (SCA5), are most likely homogeneous disorders. Several SCA genes have been cloned and shown to contain CAG repeats in their coding regions. ADCA is caused by the expansion of the CAG repeats, producing an elongated polyglutamine tract in the corresponding protein. The expanded repeats are variable in size and unstable, usually increasing in size when transmitted to successive generations. The function of the ataxins is not known. This locus has been mapped to chromosome 6, and it has been determined that the diseased allele contains 41-81 CAG repeats, compared to 6-39 in the normal allele, and is associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1). At least two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| RSPH6A | radial spoke head 6 homolog A (Chlamydomonas)|The protein encoded by this gene is similar to a sea urchin radial spoke head protein. Radial spoke protein complexes form part of the axoneme of eukaryotic flagella and are located between the axoneme's outer ring of doublet microtubules and central pair of microtubules. In Chlamydomonas, radial spoke proteins are thought to regulate the activity of dynein and the symmetry of flagellar bending patterns. This gene maps to a region of chromosome 19 that is linked to primary ciliary dyskinesia-2 (CILD2). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VEZT | vezatin, adherens junctions transmembrane protein|This gene encodes a transmembrane protein which has been localized to adherens junctions and shown to bind to myosin VIIA. Examination of expression of this gene in gastric cancer tissues have shown that expression is decreased which appears to be related to hypermethylation of the promoter. Expression of this gene may also be inhibited by binding of a specific microRNA to a target sequence in the 3' UTR of the transcripts. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the X chromosome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| HAVCR2 | hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, and TIM family of proteins. CD4-positive T helper lymphocytes can be divided into types 1 (Th1) and 2 (Th2) on the basis of their cytokine secretion patterns. Th1 cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity to intracellular pathogens and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, whereas, Th2 cells are involved in the control of extracellular helminthic infections and the promotion of atopic and allergic diseases. This protein is a Th1-specific cell surface protein that regulates macrophage activation, and inhibits Th1-mediated auto- and alloimmune responses, and promotes immunological tolerance. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| FXYD6 | FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 6|This gene encodes a member of the FXYD family of transmembrane proteins. This particular protein encodes phosphohippolin, which likely affects the activity of Na,K-ATPase. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 10 and X. Read-through transcripts have been observed between this locus and the downstream sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma (FXYD2, GeneID 486) locus.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| FXYD7 | FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 7|This reference sequence was derived from multiple replicate ESTs and validated by similar human genomic sequence. This gene encodes a member of a family of small membrane proteins that share a 35-amino acid signature sequence domain, beginning with the sequence PFXYD and containing 7 invariant and 6 highly conserved amino acids. The approved human gene nomenclature for the family is FXYD-domain containing ion transport regulator. Transmembrane topology has been established for two family members (FXYD1 and FXYD2), with the N-terminus extracellular and the C-terminus on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. FXYD2, also known as the gamma subunit of the Na,K-ATPase, regulates the properties of that enzyme. FXYD1 (phospholemman), FXYD2 (gamma), FXYD3 (MAT-8), FXYD4 (CHIF), and FXYD5 (RIC) have been shown to induce channel activity in experimental expression systems. This gene product, FXYD7, is novel and has not been characterized as a protein. [RefSeq curation by Kathleen J. Sweadner, Ph.D., sweadner@helix.mgh.harvard.edu., Dec 2000] |
| FXYD5 | FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 5|This gene encodes a member of a family of small membrane proteins that share a 35-amino acid signature sequence domain, beginning with the sequence PFXYD and containing 7 invariant and 6 highly conserved amino acids. The approved human gene nomenclature for the family is FXYD-domain containing ion transport regulator. Mouse FXYD5 has been termed RIC (Related to Ion Channel). FXYD2, also known as the gamma subunit of the Na,K-ATPase, regulates the properties of that enzyme. FXYD1 (phospholemman), FXYD2 (gamma), FXYD3 (MAT-8), FXYD4 (CHIF), and FXYD5 (RIC) have been shown to induce channel activity in experimental expression systems. Transmembrane topology has been established for two family members (FXYD1 and FXYD2), with the N-terminus extracellular and the C-terminus on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. This gene product, FXYD5, is a glycoprotein that functions in the up-regulation of chemokine production, and it is involved in the reduction of cell adhesion via its ability to down-regulate E-cadherin. It also promotes metastasis, and has been linked to a variety of cancers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [RefSeq curation by Kathleen J. Sweadner, Ph.D., sweadner@helix.mgh.harvard.edu., Sep 2009] |
| FXYD2 | FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 2|This gene encodes a member of the FXYD family of transmembrane proteins. This particular protein encodes the sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Renal Hypomagnesemia-2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. Read-through transcripts have been observed between this locus and the upstream FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 6 (FXYD6, GeneID 53826) locus.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| MTBP | MDM2 binding protein|This gene encodes a protein that interacts with the oncoprotein mouse double minute 2. The encoded protein regulates progression through the cell cycle and may be involved in tumor formation. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| FXYD1 | FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 1|This gene encodes a member of a family of small membrane proteins that share a 35-amino acid signature sequence domain, beginning with the sequence PFXYD and containing 7 invariant and 6 highly conserved amino acids. The approved human gene nomenclature for the family is FXYD-domain containing ion transport regulator. Mouse FXYD5 has been termed RIC (Related to Ion Channel). FXYD2, also known as the gamma subunit of the Na,K-ATPase, regulates the properties of that enzyme. FXYD1 (phospholemman), FXYD2 (gamma), FXYD3 (MAT-8), FXYD4 (CHIF), and FXYD5 (RIC) have been shown to induce channel activity in experimental expression systems. Transmembrane topology has been established for two family members (FXYD1 and FXYD2), with the N-terminus extracellular and the C-terminus on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. The protein encoded by this gene is a plasma membrane substrate for several kinases, including protein kinase A, protein kinase C, NIMA kinase, and myotonic dystrophy kinase. It is thought to form an ion channel or regulate ion channel activity. Transcript variants with different 5' UTR sequences have been described in the literature. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCR2 | chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2|This gene encodes two isoforms of a receptor for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, a chemokine which specifically mediates monocyte chemotaxis. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is involved in monocyte infiltration in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis as well as in the inflammatory response against tumors. The receptors encoded by this gene mediate agonist-dependent calcium mobilization and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. This gene is located in the chemokine receptor gene cluster region. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants are expressed by the gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| KRTAP9-3 | keratin associated protein 9-3|This protein is a member of the keratin-associated protein (KAP) family. The KAP proteins form a matrix of keratin intermediate filaments which contribute to the structure of hair fibers. KAP family members appear to have unique, family-specific amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions and are subdivided into three multi-gene families according to amino acid composition: the high sulfur, the ultrahigh sulfur, and the high tyrosine/glycine KAPs. This protein is a member of the ultrahigh sulfur KAP family and the gene is localized to a cluster of KAPs at 17q12-q21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAFK | v-maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog K|The developmentally regulated expression of the globin genes depends on upstream regulatory elements termed locus control regions (LCRs). LCRs are associated with powerful enhancer activity that is mediated by the transcription factor NFE2 (nuclear factor erythroid-2). NFE2 recognition sites are also present in the gene promoters of 2 heme biosynthetic enzymes, porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD; MIM 609806) and ferrochelatase (FECH; MIM 612386). NFE2 DNA-binding activity consists of a heterodimer containing an 18-kD Maf protein (MafF, MafG (MIM 602020), or MafK) and p45 (MIM 601490). Both subunits are members of the activator protein-1 superfamily of basic leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins (see MIM 165160). Maf homodimers suppress transcription at NFE2 sites.[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2008] |
| FBP1 | fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1|Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1, a gluconeogenesis regulatory enzyme, catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate. Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency is associated with hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CREBL2 | cAMP responsive element binding protein-like 2|cAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein-like-2 (CREBL2) was identified in a search to find genes in a commonly deleted region on chromosome 12p13 flanked by ETV6 and CDKN1B genes, frequently associated with hematopoietic malignancies, as well as breast, non-small-cell lung and ovarian cancers. CREBL2 shares a 41% identity with CRE-binding protein (CREB) over a 48-base long region which encodes the bZip domain of CREB. The bZip domain consists of about 30 amino acids rich in basic residues involved in DNA binding, followed by a leucine zipper motif involved in protein dimerization. This suggests that CREBL2 encodes a protein with DNA binding capabilities. The occurance of CREBL2 deletion in malignancy suggests that CREBL2 may act as a tumor suppressor gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SCN4A | sodium channel, voltage gated, type IV alpha subunit|Voltage-gated sodium channels are transmembrane glycoprotein complexes composed of a large alpha subunit with 24 transmembrane domains and one or more regulatory beta subunits. They are responsible for the generation and propagation of action potentials in neurons and muscle. This gene encodes one member of the sodium channel alpha subunit gene family. It is expressed in skeletal muscle, and mutations in this gene have been linked to several myotonia and periodic paralysis disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAFA | v-maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A|MAFA is a transcription factor that binds RIPE3b, a conserved enhancer element that regulates pancreatic beta cell-specific expression of the insulin gene (INS; MIM 176730) (Olbrot et al., 2002 [PubMed 12011435]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MAFB | v-maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B|The protein encoded by this gene is a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor that plays an important role in the regulation of lineage-specific hematopoiesis. The encoded nuclear protein represses ETS1-mediated transcription of erythroid-specific genes in myeloid cells. This gene contains no introns. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLIN2 | perilipin 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the perilipin family, members of which coat intracellular lipid storage droplets. This protein is associated with the lipid globule surface membrane material, and maybe involved in development and maintenance of adipose tissue. However, it is not restricted to adipocytes as previously thought, but is found in a wide range of cultured cell lines, including fibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells, and tissues, such as lactating mammary gland, adrenal cortex, Sertoli and Leydig cells, and hepatocytes in alcoholic liver cirrhosis, suggesting that it may serve as a marker of lipid accumulation in diverse cell types and diseases. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| PLIN3 | perilipin 3|Mannose 6-phophate receptors (MPRs) deliver lysosomal hydrolase from the Golgi to endosomes and then return to the Golgi complex. The protein encoded by this gene interacts with the cytoplasmic domains of both cation-independent and cation-dependent MPRs, and is required for endosome-to-Golgi transport. This protein also binds directly to the GTPase RAB9 (RAB9A), a member of the RAS oncogene family. The interaction with RAB9 has been shown to increase the affinity of this protein for its cargo. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| MAFF | v-maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog F|The protein encoded by this gene is a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor that lacks a transactivation domain. It is known to bind the US-2 DNA element in the promoter of the oxytocin receptor (OTR) gene and most likely heterodimerizes with other leucine zipper-containing proteins to enhance expression of the OTR gene during term pregnancy. The encoded protein can also form homodimers, and since it lacks a transactivation domain, the homodimer may act as a repressor of transcription. This gene may also be involved in the cellular stress response. Multiple transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| MAFG | v-maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog G|Globin gene expression is regulated through nuclear factor erythroid-2 (NFE2) elements located in enhancer-like locus control regions positioned many kb upstream of alpha- and beta-gene clusters (summarized by Blank et al., 1997 [PubMed 9166829]). NFE2 DNA-binding activity consists of a heterodimer containing a ubiquitous small Maf protein (MafF, MIM 604877; MafG; or MafK, MIM 600197) and the tissue-restricted protein p45 NFE2 (MIM 601490). Both subunits are members of the activator protein-1-like superfamily of basic leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins (see MIM 165160).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2010] |
| KDM4C | lysine (K)-specific demethylase 4C|This gene is a member of the Jumonji domain 2 (JMJD2) family. The encoded protein is a trimethylation-specific demethylase, and converts specific trimethylated histone residues to the dimethylated form. This enzymatic action regulates gene expression and chromosome segregation. Chromosomal aberrations and changes in expression of this gene may be found in tumor cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| SMAP2 | small ArfGAP2| |
| DVL3 | dishevelled segment polarity protein 3|This gene is a member of a multi-gene family which shares strong similarity with the Drosophila dishevelled gene, dsh. The Drosophila dishevelled gene encodes a cytoplasmic phosphoprotein that regulates cell proliferation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RBPJ | recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional regulator important in the Notch signaling pathway. The encoded protein acts as a repressor when not bound to Notch proteins and an activator when bound to Notch proteins. It is thought to function by recruiting chromatin remodeling complexes containing histone deacetylase or histone acetylase proteins to Notch signaling pathway genes. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, and several pseudogenes of this gene exist on chromosome 9. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2013] |
| ABCB1 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1|The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MDR/TAP subfamily. Members of the MDR/TAP subfamily are involved in multidrug resistance. The protein encoded by this gene is an ATP-dependent drug efflux pump for xenobiotic compounds with broad substrate specificity. It is responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells and often mediates the development of resistance to anticancer drugs. This protein also functions as a transporter in the blood-brain barrier. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SNRNP35 | small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 35kDa (U11/U12)|The protein encoded by this gene is a homolog of the U1-snRNP binding protein. The N-terminal half contains a RNA recognition motif and the C-terminal half is rich in Arg/Asp and Arg/Glu dipeptides, which is a characteristic of a variety of splicing factors. This protein is a component of the U11/U12 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNP) that form part of the U12-type spliceosome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding two distinct isoforms and representing a non-protein coding variant. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| MED13 | mediator complex subunit 13|This gene encodes a component of the mediator complex (also known as TRAP, SMCC, DRIP, or ARC), a transcriptional coactivator complex thought to be required for the expression of almost all genes. The mediator complex is recruited by transcriptional activators or nuclear receptors to induce gene expression, possibly by interacting with RNA polymerase II and promoting the formation of a transcriptional pre-initiation complex. The product of this gene is proposed to form a sub-complex with MED12, cyclin C, and CDK8 that can negatively regulate transactivation by mediator. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MED14 | mediator complex subunit 14|The activation of gene transcription is a multistep process that is triggered by factors that recognize transcriptional enhancer sites in DNA. These factors work with co-activators to direct transcriptional initiation by the RNA polymerase II apparatus. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the CRSP (cofactor required for SP1 activation) complex, which, along with TFIID, is required for efficient activation by SP1. This protein is also a component of other multisubunit complexes e.g. thyroid hormone receptor-(TR-) associated proteins which interact with TR and facilitate TR function on DNA templates in conjunction with initiation factors and cofactors. This protein contains a bipartite nuclear localization signal. This gene is known to escape chromosome X-inactivation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRAS | Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog|This gene, a Kirsten ras oncogene homolog from the mammalian ras gene family, encodes a protein that is a member of the small GTPase superfamily. A single amino acid substitution is responsible for an activating mutation. The transforming protein that results is implicated in various malignancies, including lung adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenoma, ductal carcinoma of the pancreas and colorectal carcinoma. Alternative splicing leads to variants encoding two isoforms that differ in the C-terminal region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MED15 | mediator complex subunit 15|The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the multiprotein complexes PC2 and ARC/DRIP and may function as a transcriptional coactivator in RNA polymerase II transcription. This gene contains stretches of trinucleotide repeats and is located in the chromosome 22 region which is deleted in DiGeorge syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| ABCB5 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 5|ABCB5 belongs to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily of integral membrane proteins. These proteins participate in ATP-dependent transmembrane transport of structurally diverse molecules ranging from small ions, sugars, and peptides to more complex organic molecules (Chen et al., 2005 [PubMed 15760339]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CCR10 | chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 10|Chemokines are a group of small (approximately 8 to 14 kD), mostly basic, structurally related molecules that regulate cell trafficking of various types of leukocytes through interactions with a subset of 7-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptors. Chemokines also play fundamental roles in the development, homeostasis, and function of the immune system, and they have effects on cells of the central nervous system as well as on endothelial cells involved in angiogenesis or angiostasis. Chemokines are divided into 2 major subfamilies, CXC and CC, based on the arrangement of the first 2 of the 4 conserved cysteine residues; the 2 cysteines are separated by a single amino acid in CXC chemokines and are adjacent in CC chemokines. CCR10 is the receptor for CCL27 (SCYA27; MIM 604833); CCR10-CCL27 interactions are involved in T cell-mediated skin inflammation (Homey et al., 2002 [PubMed 11821900]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MED17 | mediator complex subunit 17|The activation of gene transcription is a multistep process that is triggered by factors that recognize transcriptional enhancer sites in DNA. These factors work with co-activators to direct transcriptional initiation by the RNA polymerase II apparatus. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the CRSP (cofactor required for SP1 activation) complex, which, along with TFIID, is required for efficient activation by SP1. This protein is also a component of other multisubunit complexes e.g. thyroid hormone receptor-(TR-) associated proteins which interact with TR and facilitate TR function on DNA templates in conjunction with initiation factors and cofactors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HCFC1R1 | host cell factor C1 regulator 1 (XPO1 dependent)| |
| WDR55 | WD repeat domain 55| |
| RBP1 | retinol binding protein 1, cellular|This gene encodes the carrier protein involved in the transport of retinol (vitamin A alcohol) from the liver storage site to peripheral tissue. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin necessary for growth, reproduction, differentiation of epithelial tissues, and vision. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| RBP2 | retinol binding protein 2, cellular|RBP2 is an abundant protein present in the small intestinal epithelium. It is thought to participate in the uptake and/or intracellular metabolism of vitamin A. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin necessary for growth, reproduction, differentiation of epithelial tissues, and vision. RBP2 may also modulate the supply of retinoic acid to the nuclei of endometrial cells during the menstrual cycle. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TWF2 | twinfilin actin binding protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene was identified by its interaction with the catalytic domain of protein kinase C-zeta. The encoded protein contains an actin-binding site and an ATP-binding site. It is most closely related to twinfilin (PTK9), a conserved actin monomer-binding protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RBP4 | retinol binding protein 4, plasma|This protein belongs to the lipocalin family and is the specific carrier for retinol (vitamin A alcohol) in the blood. It delivers retinol from the liver stores to the peripheral tissues. In plasma, the RBP-retinol complex interacts with transthyretin which prevents its loss by filtration through the kidney glomeruli. A deficiency of vitamin A blocks secretion of the binding protein posttranslationally and results in defective delivery and supply to the epidermal cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RBP5 | retinol binding protein 5, cellular| |
| CEBPZ | CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), zeta| |
| WDR53 | WD repeat domain 53|This gene encodes a protein containing WD domains. The function of this gene is unknown. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KERA | keratocan|The protein encoded by this gene is a keratan sulfate proteoglycan that is involved in corneal transparency. Defects in this gene are a cause of autosomal recessive cornea plana 2 (CNA2).[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| URI1 | URI1, prefoldin-like chaperone|This gene encodes member of the prefoldin family of molecular chaperones. The encoded protein functions as a scaffolding protein and plays roles in ubiquitination and transcription, in part though interactions with the RNA polymerase II subunit RPB5. This gene may play a role in multiple malignancies including ovarian cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 22. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| ABHD10 | abhydrolase domain containing 10|This gene encodes a mitochondrially-localized enzyme that acts in liver cells as a hydrolase. The encoded protein removes glucuronide from mycophenolic acid acyl-glucuronide. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 6. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| CCR5 | chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (gene/pseudogene)|This gene encodes a member of the beta chemokine receptor family, which is predicted to be a seven transmembrane protein similar to G protein-coupled receptors. This protein is expressed by T cells and macrophages, and is known to be an important co-receptor for macrophage-tropic virus, including HIV, to enter host cells. Defective alleles of this gene have been associated with the HIV infection resistance. The ligands of this receptor include monocyte chemoattractant protein 2 (MCP-2), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1 beta) and regulated on activation normal T expressed and secreted protein (RANTES). Expression of this gene was also detected in a promyeloblastic cell line, suggesting that this protein may play a role in granulocyte lineage proliferation and differentiation. This gene is located at the chemokine receptor gene cluster region. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACYP1 | acylphosphatase 1, erythrocyte (common) type|This gene is a member of the acylphosphatase family. The encoded protein is a small cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the carboxyl-phosphate bond of acylphosphates. Two isoenzymes have been isolated and described based on their tissue localization: erythrocyte (common) type acylphosphatase encoded by this gene, and muscle type acylphosphatase. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| ACYP2 | acylphosphatase 2, muscle type|Acylphosphatase can hydrolyze the phosphoenzyme intermediate of different membrane pumps, particularly the Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle. Two isoenzymes have been isolated, called muscle acylphosphatase and erythrocyte acylphosphatase on the basis of their tissue localization. This gene encodes the muscle-type isoform (MT). An increase of the MT isoform is associated with muscle differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAF1 | MAF1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a protein that is similar to Maf1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein highly conserved in eukaryotic cells. Yeast Maf1 is a negative effector of RNA polymerase III (Pol III). It responds to changes in the cellular environment and represses pol III transcription. Biochemical studies identified the initiation factor TFIIIB as a target for Maf1-dependent repression. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EEF1D | eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 delta (guanine nucleotide exchange protein)|This gene encodes a subunit of the elongation factor-1 complex, which is responsible for the enzymatic delivery of aminoacyl tRNAs to the ribosome. This subunit, delta, functions as guanine nucleotide exchange factor. It is reported that following HIV-1 infection, this subunit interacts with HIV-1 Tat. This interaction results in repression of translation of host cell proteins and enhanced translation of viral proteins. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been found for this gene. Related pseudogenes have been defined on chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 17, 19.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| ACSL1 | acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is an isozyme of the long-chain fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligase family. Although differing in substrate specificity, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution, all isozymes of this family convert free long-chain fatty acids into fatty acyl-CoA esters, and thereby play a key role in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| ACSL6 | acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 6|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the formation of acyl-CoA from fatty acids, ATP, and CoA, using magnesium as a cofactor. The encoded protein plays a major role in fatty acid metabolism in the brain. Translocations with the ETV6 gene are causes of myelodysplastic syndrome with basophilia, acute myelogenous leukemia with eosinophilia, and acute eosinophilic leukemia. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011] |
| MICAL1 | microtubule associated monooxygenase, calponin and LIM domain containing 1| |
| ADAM8 | ADAM metallopeptidase domain 8|This gene encodes a member of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain) family. Members of this family are membrane-anchored proteins structurally related to snake venom disintegrins, and have been implicated in a variety of biological processes involving cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, including fertilization, muscle development, and neurogenesis. The protein encoded by this gene may be involved in cell adhesion during neurodegeneration, and it is thought to be a target for allergic respiratory diseases, including asthma. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| ADAM9 | ADAM metallopeptidase domain 9|This gene encodes a member of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain) family. Members of this family are membrane-anchored proteins structurally related to snake venom disintegrins, and have been implicated in a variety of biological processes involving cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, including fertilization, muscle development, and neurogenesis. The protein encoded by this gene interacts with SH3 domain-containing proteins, binds mitotic arrest deficient 2 beta protein, and is also involved in TPA-induced ectodomain shedding of membrane-anchored heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| NKX1-1 | NK1 homeobox 1| |
| EGFL6 | EGF-like-domain, multiple 6|This gene encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeat superfamily. Members of this superfamily are characterized by the presence of EGF-like repeats and are often involved in the regulation of cell cycle, proliferation, and developmental processes. The gene product contains a signal peptide, suggesting that it is secreted; an EGF repeat region consisting of 4 complete EGF-like repeats and 1 partial EGF-like repeat, 3 of which have a calcium-binding consensus sequence; an arg-gly-asp integrin association motif; and a MAM domain, which is believed to have an adhesive function. This gene is expressed early during development, and its expression has been detected in lung and meningioma tumors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPO11 | SPO11 meiotic protein covalently bound to DSB|Meiotic recombination and chromosome segregation require the formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in paired chromosome homologs. During meiosis in yeast, a meiotic recombination protein is covalently-linked to the 5' end of DSBs and is essential for the formation of DSBs. The protein encoded by this gene is similar in sequence and conserved features to the yeast meiotic recombination protein. The encoded protein belongs to the TOP6A protein family. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature of only two of them have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CHTF8 | CTF8, chromosome transmission fidelity factor 8 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a short protein that forms part of the Ctf18 replication factor C (RFC) complex that occurs in both yeast and mammals. The heteroheptameric RFC complex plays a role in sister chromatid cohesion and may load the replication clamp PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) onto DNA during DNA replication and repair. This gene is ubiquitously expressed and has been shown to have reduced expression in renal and prostate tumors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. This gene has a pseudogene on chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| ARPC1B | actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 1B, 41kDa|This gene encodes one of seven subunits of the human Arp2/3 protein complex. This subunit is a member of the SOP2 family of proteins and is most similar to the protein encoded by gene ARPC1A. The similarity between these two proteins suggests that they both may function as p41 subunit of the human Arp2/3 complex that has been implicated in the control of actin polymerization in cells. It is possible that the p41 subunit is involved in assembling and maintaining the structure of the Arp2/3 complex. Multiple versions of the p41 subunit may adapt the functions of the complex to different cell types or developmental stages. This protein also has a role in centrosomal homeostasis by being an activator and substrate of the Aurora A kinase. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| CCDC82 | coiled-coil domain containing 82| |
| CYTIP | cytohesin 1 interacting protein|The protein encoded by this gene contains 2 leucine zipper domains and a putative C-terminal nuclear targeting signal, but does not have any hydrophobic regions. This protein is expressed weakly in resting NK and T cells. The encoded protein modulates the activation of ARF genes by CYTH1. This protein interacts with CYTH1 and SNX27 proteins and may act to sequester CYTH1 protein in the cytoplasm.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| ARPC1A | actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 1A, 41kDa|This gene encodes one of seven subunits of the human Arp2/3 protein complex. This subunit is a member of the SOP2 family of proteins and is most similar to the protein encoded by gene ARPC1B. The similarity between these two proteins suggests that they both may function as p41 subunit of the human Arp2/3 complex that has been implicated in the control of actin polymerization in cells. It is possible that the p41 subunit is involved in assembling and maintaining the structure of the Arp2/3 complex. Multiple versions of the p41 subunit may adapt the functions of the complex to different cell types or developmental stages. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| EGFL8 | EGF-like-domain, multiple 8| |
| IL20RA | interleukin 20 receptor, alpha|This gene encodes a member of the type II cytokine receptor family. The encoded protein is a subunit of the receptor for interleukin 20, a cytokine that may be involved in epidermal function. The interleukin 20 receptor is a heterodimeric complex consisting of the encoded protein and interleukin 20 receptor beta. This gene and interleukin 20 receptor beta are highly expressed in skin, and are upregulated in psoriasis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| INTS3 | integrator complex subunit 3|INTS3 is a subunit of the Integrator complex, which associates with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II large subunit (POLR2A; MIM 180660) and mediates 3-prime end processing of small nuclear RNAs U1 (RNU1; MIM 180680) and U2 (RNU2; MIM 180690) (Baillat et al., 2005 [PubMed 16239144]). INTS3 is also a subunit of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding complexes involved in the maintenance of genome stability (Huang et al., 2009) [PubMed 19683501].[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2010] |
| TRIM39 | tripartite motif containing 39|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The function of this protein has not been identified. This gene lies within the major histocompatibility complex class I region on chromosome 6. Alternate splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIM38 | tripartite motif containing 38|This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The encoded protein contains a RING-type zinc finger, B box-type zinc finger and SPRY domain. The function of this protein has not been identified. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| ANXA2R | annexin A2 receptor| |
| RPL6 | ribosomal protein L6|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L6E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. The protein can bind specifically to domain C of the tax-responsive enhancer element of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1, and it has been suggested that the protein may participate in tax-mediated transactivation of transcription. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPL7 | ribosomal protein L7|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L30P family of ribosomal proteins. It contains an N-terminal basic region-leucine zipper (BZIP)-like domain and the RNP consensus submotif RNP2. In vitro the BZIP-like domain mediates homodimerization and stable binding to DNA and RNA, with a preference for 28S rRNA and mRNA. The protein can inhibit cell-free translation of mRNAs, suggesting that it plays a regulatory role in the translation apparatus. It is located in the cytoplasm. The protein has been shown to be an autoantigen in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIM31 | tripartite motif containing 31|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Its function has not been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPL5 | ribosomal protein L5|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L18P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. The protein binds 5S rRNA to form a stable complex called the 5S ribonucleoprotein particle (RNP), which is necessary for the transport of nonribosome-associated cytoplasmic 5S rRNA to the nucleolus for assembly into ribosomes. The protein interacts specifically with the beta subunit of casein kinase II. Variable expression of this gene in colorectal cancers compared to adjacent normal tissues has been observed, although no correlation between the level of expression and the severity of the disease has been found. This gene is co-transcribed with the small nucleolar RNA gene U21, which is located in its fifth intron. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM120B | transmembrane protein 120B| |
| TRIM36 | tripartite motif containing 36|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIM35 | tripartite motif containing 35|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The function of this protein has not been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRIM34 | tripartite motif containing 34|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, B-box type 1 and B-box type 2 domain, and a coiled-coil region. Expression of this gene is up-regulated by interferon. This gene is mapped to chromosome 11p15, where it resides within a TRIM gene cluster. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A read-through transcript from the upstream TRIM6 gene has also been observed, which results in a fusion product from these neighboring family members. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| KLRC2 | killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 2|Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. They can also regulate specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity. NK cells preferentially express several calcium-dependent (C-type) lectins, which have been implicated in the regulation of NK cell function. The group, designated KLRC (NKG2) are expressed primarily in natural killer (NK) cells and encodes a family of transmembrane proteins characterized by a type II membrane orientation (extracellular C terminus) and the presence of a C-type lectin domain. The KLRC (NKG2) gene family is located within the NK complex, a region that contains several C-type lectin genes preferentially expressed on NK cells. KLRC2 alternative splice variants have been described but their full-length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FEN1 | flap structure-specific endonuclease 1|The protein encoded by this gene removes 5' overhanging flaps in DNA repair and processes the 5' ends of Okazaki fragments in lagging strand DNA synthesis. Direct physical interaction between this protein and AP endonuclease 1 during long-patch base excision repair provides coordinated loading of the proteins onto the substrate, thus passing the substrate from one enzyme to another. The protein is a member of the XPG/RAD2 endonuclease family and is one of ten proteins essential for cell-free DNA replication. DNA secondary structure can inhibit flap processing at certain trinucleotide repeats in a length-dependent manner by concealing the 5' end of the flap that is necessary for both binding and cleavage by the protein encoded by this gene. Therefore, secondary structure can deter the protective function of this protein, leading to site-specific trinucleotide expansions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACSL4 | acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4|The protein encoded by this gene is an isozyme of the long-chain fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligase family. Although differing in substrate specificity, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution, all isozymes of this family convert free long-chain fatty acids into fatty acyl-CoA esters, and thereby play a key role in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation. This isozyme preferentially utilizes arachidonate as substrate. The absence of this enzyme may contribute to the mental retardation or Alport syndrome. Alternative splicing of this gene generates 2 transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GUCY1A3 | guanylate cyclase 1, soluble, alpha 3|Soluble guanylate cyclases are heterodimeric proteins that catalyze the conversion of GTP to 3',5'-cyclic GMP and pyrophosphate. The protein encoded by this gene is an alpha subunit of this complex and it interacts with a beta subunit to form the guanylate cyclase enzyme, which is activated by nitric oxide. Several transcript variants encoding a few different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| CTIF | CBP80/20-dependent translation initiation factor|CTIF is a component of the CBP80 (NCBP1; MIM 600469)/CBP20 (NCBP2; MIM 605133) translation initiation complex that binds cotranscriptionally to the cap end of nascent mRNA. The CBP80/CBP20 complex is involved in a simultaneous editing and translation step that recognizes premature termination codons (PTCs) in mRNAs and directs PTC-containing mRNAs toward nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). On mRNAs without PTCs, the CBP80/CBP20 complex is replaced with cytoplasmic mRNA cap-binding proteins, including EIF4G (MIM 600495), and steady-state translation of the mRNAs resumes in the cytoplasm (Kim et al., 2009 [PubMed 19648179]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2009] |
| KREMEN2 | kringle containing transmembrane protein 2|This gene encodes a high-affinity dickkopf homolog 1 (DKK1) transmembrane receptor. A similar protein in mouse functions interacts with with DKK1 to block wingless (WNT)/beta-catenin signaling. The encoded protein forms a ternary membrane complex with DKK1 and the WNT receptor lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), and induces rapid endocytosis and removal of LRP6 from the plasma membrane. It contains extracellular kringle, WSC, and CUB domains. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| THAP10 | THAP domain containing 10|This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins sharing an N-terminal Thanatos-associated domain. The Thanatos-associated domain contains a zinc finger signature similar to DNA-binding domains. This gene is part of a bidirectional gene pair on the long arm of chromosome 15 that is regulated by estrogen and may play a role in breast cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| ACSL5 | acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 5|The protein encoded by this gene is an isozyme of the long-chain fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligase family. Although differing in substrate specificity, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution, all isozymes of this family convert free long-chain fatty acids into fatty acyl-CoA esters, and thereby play a key role in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation. This isozyme is highly expressed in uterus and spleen, and in trace amounts in normal brain, but has markedly increased levels in malignant gliomas. This gene functions in mediating fatty acid-induced glioma cell growth. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NEK10 | NIMA-related kinase 10| |
| NEK11 | NIMA-related kinase 11|This gene encodes a member of the never in mitosis gene A family of kinases. The encoded protein localizes to the nucleoli, and may function with NEK2A in the S-phase checkpoint. The encoded protein appears to play roles in DNA replication and response to genotoxic stress. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| ZC3H7B | zinc finger CCCH-type containing 7B|This gene encodes a protein that contains a tetratricopeptide repeat domain. The encoded protein also interacts with the rotavirus non-structural protein NSP3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NR1I3 | nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3|This gene encodes a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, and is a key regulator of xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism. The protein binds to DNA as a monomer or a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor and regulates the transcription of target genes involved in drug metabolism and bilirubin clearance, such as cytochrome P450 family members. Unlike most nuclear receptors, this transcriptional regulator is constitutively active in the absence of ligand but is regulated by both agonists and inverse agonists. Ligand binding results in translocation of this protein to the nucleus, where it activates or represses target gene transcription. These ligands include bilirubin, a variety of foreign compounds, steroid hormones, and prescription drugs. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CYGB | cytoglobin|This gene encodes a globin protein found in vertebrate cells. The encoded protein is described as a hexacoordinate hemoglobin which binds ligand differently from the pentacoordinate hemoglobins involved in oxygen transport, and may be involved in protection during oxidative stress. This gene is located on chromosome 17 in the same region as a retinal gene which is mutated in progressive rod-cone degeneration, but in the opposite orientation. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| NEBL | nebulette|This gene encodes a nebulin like protein that is abundantly expressed in cardiac muscle. The encoded protein binds actin and interacts with thin filaments and Z-line associated proteins in striated muscle. This protein may be involved in cardiac myofibril assembly. A shorter isoform of this protein termed LIM nebulette is expressed in non-muscle cells and may function as a component of focal adhesion complexes. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| NR1I2 | nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2|This gene product belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily, members of which are transcription factors characterized by a ligand-binding domain and a DNA-binding domain. The encoded protein is a transcriptional regulator of the cytochrome P450 gene CYP3A4, binding to the response element of the CYP3A4 promoter as a heterodimer with the 9-cis retinoic acid receptor RXR. It is activated by a range of compounds that induce CYP3A4, including dexamethasone and rifampicin. Several alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms, some of which use non-AUG (CUG) translation initiation codon, have been described for this gene. Additional transcript variants exist, however, they have not been fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WISP2 | WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 2|This gene encodes a member of the WNT1 inducible signaling pathway (WISP) protein subfamily, which belongs to the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) family. WNT1 is a member of a family of cysteine-rich, glycosylated signaling proteins that mediate diverse developmental processes. The CTGF family members are characterized by four conserved cysteine-rich domains: insulin-like growth factor-binding domain, von Willebrand factor type C module, thrombospondin domain and C-terminal cystine knot-like (CT) domain. The encoded protein lacks the CT domain which is implicated in dimerization and heparin binding. It is 72% identical to the mouse protein at the amino acid level. This gene may be downstream in the WNT1 signaling pathway that is relevant to malignant transformation. Its expression in colon tumors is reduced while the other two WISP members are overexpressed in colon tumors. It is expressed at high levels in bone tissue, and may play an important role in modulating bone turnover. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPRC5A | G protein-coupled receptor, class C, group 5, member A|This gene encodes a member of the type 3 G protein-coupling receptor family, characterized by the signature 7-transmembrane domain motif. The encoded protein may be involved in interaction between retinoid acid and G protein signalling pathways. Retinoic acid plays a critical role in development, cellular growth, and differentiation. This gene may play a role in embryonic development and epithelial cell differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WISP1 | WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the WNT1 inducible signaling pathway (WISP) protein subfamily, which belongs to the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) family. WNT1 is a member of a family of cysteine-rich, glycosylated signaling proteins that mediate diverse developmental processes. The CTGF family members are characterized by four conserved cysteine-rich domains: insulin-like growth factor-binding domain, von Willebrand factor type C module, thrombospondin domain and C-terminal cystine knot-like domain. This gene may be downstream in the WNT1 signaling pathway that is relevant to malignant transformation. It is expressed at a high level in fibroblast cells, and overexpressed in colon tumors. The encoded protein binds to decorin and biglycan, two members of a family of small leucine-rich proteoglycans present in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue, and possibly prevents the inhibitory activity of decorin and biglycan in tumor cell proliferation. It also attenuates p53-mediated apoptosis in response to DNA damage through activation of the Akt kinase. It is 83% identical to the mouse protein at the amino acid level. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| MNT | MAX network transcriptional repressor|The Myc/Max/Mad network comprises a group of transcription factors that co-interact to regulate gene-specific transcriptional activation or repression. This gene encodes a protein member of the Myc/Max/Mad network. This protein has a basic-Helix-Loop-Helix-zipper domain (bHLHzip) with which it binds the canonical DNA sequence CANNTG, known as the E box, following heterodimerization with Max proteins. This protein is likely a transcriptional repressor and an antagonist of Myc-dependent transcriptional activation and cell growth. This protein represses transcription by binding to DNA binding proteins at its N-terminal Sin3-interaction domain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF585A | zinc finger protein 585A| |
| ZNF585B | zinc finger protein 585B| |
| GUCY1A2 | guanylate cyclase 1, soluble, alpha 2|Soluble guanylate cyclases are heterodimeric proteins that catalyze the conversion of GTP to 3',5'-cyclic GMP and pyrophosphate. The protein encoded by this gene is an alpha subunit of this complex and it interacts with a beta subunit to form the guanylate cyclase enzyme, which is activated by nitric oxide. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| MORC3 | MORC family CW-type zinc finger 3|This gene encodes a protein that localizes to the nuclear matrix. The protein also has RNA binding activity, and has a predicted coiled-coil domain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ERMAP | erythroblast membrane-associated protein (Scianna blood group)|The protein encoded by this gene is a cell surface transmembrane protein that may act as an erythroid cell receptor, possibly as a mediator of cell adhesion. Polymorphisms in this gene are responsible for the Scianna/Radin blood group system. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SCT | secretin|Secretin belongs to the glucagon family. This protein is an endocrine hormone and its major site of production is the endocrine S cells located in the proximal small intestinal mucosa. The release of active secretin is stimulated by either fatty acids or an acidic pH in the duodenum. This hormone stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic fluids and has also been shown to regulate the growth and development of the stomach, small intestine, and pancreas. Secretin deficiency has been implicated in autistic syndrome, suggesting that the hormone could have a neuroendocrine function in addition to its role in digestion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IL22RA1 | interleukin 22 receptor, alpha 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the class II cytokine receptor family, and has been shown to be a receptor for interleukin 22 (IL22). IL22 receptor is a protein complex that consists of this protein and interleukin 10 receptor, beta (IL10BR/CRFB4), a subunit also shared by the receptor complex for interleukin 10 (IL10). This gene and interleukin 28 receptor, alpha (IL28RA) form a cytokine receptor gene cluster in the chromosomal region 1p36. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPSB4 | splA/ryanodine receptor domain and SOCS box containing 4| |
| FLYWCH2 | FLYWCH family member 2| |
| TPP2 | tripeptidyl peptidase II|This gene encodes a mammalian peptidase that, at neutral pH, removes tripeptides from the N terminus of longer peptides. The protein has a specialized function that is essential for some MHC class I antigen presentation. The protein is a high molecular mass serine exopeptidase; the amino acid sequence surrounding the serine residue at the active site is similar to the peptidases of the subtilisin class rather than the trypsin class. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCDC64B | coiled-coil domain containing 64B| |
| FLYWCH1 | FLYWCH-type zinc finger 1| |
| IGLL1 | immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 1|The preB cell receptor is found on the surface of proB and preB cells, where it is involved in transduction of signals for cellular proliferation, differentiation from the proB cell to the preB cell stage, allelic exclusion at the Ig heavy chain gene locus, and promotion of Ig light chain gene rearrangements. The preB cell receptor is composed of a membrane-bound Ig mu heavy chain in association with a heterodimeric surrogate light chain. This gene encodes one of the surrogate light chain subunits and is a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily. This gene does not undergo rearrangement. Mutations in this gene can result in B cell deficiency and agammaglobulinemia, an autosomal recessive disease in which few or no gamma globulins or antibodies are made. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRPM6 | transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 6|This gene is predominantly expressed in the kidney and colon, and encodes a protein containing an ion channel domain and a protein kinase domain. It is crucial for magnesium homeostasis, and plays an essential role in epithelial magnesium transport and in the active magnesium absorption in the gut and kidney. Mutations in this gene are associated with hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| RCN3 | reticulocalbin 3, EF-hand calcium binding domain| |
| RCN2 | reticulocalbin 2, EF-hand calcium binding domain|The protein encoded by this gene is a calcium-binding protein located in the lumen of the ER. The protein contains six conserved regions with similarity to a high affinity Ca(+2)-binding motif, the EF-hand. This gene maps to the same region as type 4 Bardet-Biedl syndrome, suggesting a possible causative role for this gene in the disorder. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| RCN1 | reticulocalbin 1, EF-hand calcium binding domain|Reticulocalbin 1 is a calcium-binding protein located in the lumen of the ER. The protein contains six conserved regions with similarity to a high affinity Ca(+2)-binding motif, the EF-hand. High conservation of amino acid residues outside of these motifs, in comparison to mouse reticulocalbin, is consistent with a possible biochemical function besides that of calcium binding. In human endothelial and prostate cancer cell lines this protein localizes to the plasma membrane.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| STRIP1 | striatin interacting protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase complex, which is involved in localization of the Golgi body. The encoded protein participates in cytosketelal organization. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| MN1 | meningioma (disrupted in balanced translocation) 1|Meningioma 1 (MN1) contains two sets of CAG repeats. It is disrupted by a balanced translocation (4;22) in a meningioma, and its inactivation may contribute to meningioma 32 pathogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RHOQ | ras homolog family member Q|This gene encodes a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, which cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states and function as molecular switches in signal transduction cascades. Rho proteins promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and regulate cell shape, attachment, and motility. The encoded protein is an important signalling protein for sarcomere assembly and has been shown to play a significant role in the exocytosis of the solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4 and other proteins, possibly acting as the signal that turns on the membrane fusion machinery. Three related pseudogene have been identified on chromosomes 2 and 14. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| ULBP1 | UL16 binding protein 1| |
| DNAJC30 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 30|This intronless gene encodes a member of the DNAJ molecular chaperone homology domain-containing protein family. This gene is deleted in Williams syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at 7q11.23. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RHOV | ras homolog family member V| |
| RHOU | ras homolog family member U|This gene encodes a member of the Rho family of GTPases. This protein can activate PAK1 and JNK1, and can induce filopodium formation and stress fiber dissolution. It may also mediate the effects of WNT1 signaling in the regulation of cell morphology, cytoskeletal organization, and cell proliferation. A non-coding transcript variant of this gene results from naturally occurring read-through transcription between this locus and the neighboring DUSP5P (dual specificity phosphatase 5 pseudogene) locus.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| ANKRD27 | ankyrin repeat domain 27 (VPS9 domain)| |
| WFDC8 | WAP four-disulfide core domain 8|This gene encodes a member of the WAP-type four-disulfide core (WFDC) domain family. The WFDC domain, or WAP signature motif, contains eight cysteines forming four disulfide bonds at the core of the protein, and functions as a protease inhibitor. The encoded protein contains a Kunitz-inhibitor domain, in addition to three WFDC domains. Most WFDC genes are localized to chromosome 20q12-q13 in two clusters: centromeric and telomeric. This gene belongs to the telomeric cluster. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, and they encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RHOH | ras homolog family member H|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ras superfamily of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-metabolizing enzymes. The encoded protein is expressed in hematopoietic cells, where it functions as a negative regulator of cell growth and survival. This gene may be hypermutated or misexpressed in leukemias and lymphomas. Chromosomal translocations in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma occur between this locus and B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6 (BCL6) on chromosome 3, leading to the production of fusion transcripts. Alternative splicing in the 5' untranslated region results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| ANKRD23 | ankyrin repeat domain 23|This gene is a member of the muscle ankyrin repeat protein (MARP) family and encodes a protein with four tandem ankyrin-like repeats. The protein is localized to the nucleus, functioning as a transcriptional regulator. Expression of this protein is induced during recovery following starvation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANKRD22 | ankyrin repeat domain 22| |
| ACO1 | aconitase 1, soluble|The protein encoded by this gene is a bifunctional, cytosolic protein that functions as an essential enzyme in the TCA cycle and interacts with mRNA to control the levels of iron inside cells. When cellular iron levels are high, this protein binds to a 4Fe-4S cluster and functions as an aconitase. Aconitases are iron-sulfur proteins that function to catalyze the conversion of citrate to isocitrate. When cellular iron levels are low, the protein binds to iron-responsive elements (IREs), which are stem-loop structures found in the 5' UTR of ferritin mRNA, and in the 3' UTR of transferrin receptor mRNA. When the protein binds to IRE, it results in repression of translation of ferritin mRNA, and inhibition of degradation of the otherwise rapidly degraded transferrin receptor mRNA. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| RHOB | ras homolog family member B| |
| PTGES | prostaglandin E synthase|The protein encoded by this gene is a glutathione-dependent prostaglandin E synthase. The expression of this gene has been shown to be induced by proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL1B). Its expression can also be induced by tumor suppressor protein TP53, and may be involved in TP53 induced apoptosis. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this gene may contribute to the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis and mediate acute pain during inflammatory responses. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACO2 | aconitase 2, mitochondrial|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the aconitase/IPM isomerase family. It is an enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate in the second step of the TCA cycle. This protein is encoded in the nucleus and functions in the mitochondrion. It was found to be one of the mitochondrial matrix proteins that are preferentially degraded by the serine protease 15(PRSS15), also known as Lon protease, after oxidative modification. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RHOG | ras homolog family member G|This gene encodes a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, which cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states and function as molecular switches in signal transduction cascades. Rho proteins promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and regulate cell shape, attachment, and motility. The encoded protein facilitates translocation of a functional guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) complex from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane where ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 is activated to promote lamellipodium formation and cell migration. Two related pseudogene have been identified on chromosomes 20 and X. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| SUV420H1 | suppressor of variegation 4-20 homolog 1 (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a protein that contains a SET domain. SET domains appear to be protein-protein interaction domains that mediate interactions with a family of proteins that display similarity with dual-specificity phosphatases (dsPTPases). The function of this gene has not been determined. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| SUV420H2 | suppressor of variegation 4-20 homolog 2 (Drosophila)|SUV420H2 and the related enzyme SUV420H1 (MIM 610881) function as histone methyltransferases that specifically trimethylate nucleosomal histone H4 (see MIM 602822) on lysine-20 (K20) (Schotta et al., 2004 [PubMed 15145825]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2009] |
| ANKRD28 | ankyrin repeat domain 28| |
| TMEM67 | transmembrane protein 67|The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the primary cilium and to the plasma membrane. The gene functions in centriole migration to the apical membrane and formation of the primary cilium. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Defects in this gene are a cause of Meckel syndrome type 3 (MKS3) and Joubert syndrome type 6 (JBTS6). [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| TMEM65 | transmembrane protein 65| |
| TMEM64 | transmembrane protein 64| |
| TMEM62 | transmembrane protein 62| |
| SLC32A1 | solute carrier family 32 (GABA vesicular transporter), member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine uptake into synaptic vesicles. The encoded protein is a member of amino acid/polyamine transporter family II. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CNTNAP4 | contactin associated protein-like 4|This gene product belongs to the neurexin family, members of which function in the vertebrate nervous system as cell adhesion molecules and receptors. This protein, like other neurexin proteins, contains epidermal growth factor repeats and laminin G domains. In addition, it includes an F5/8 type C domain, discoidin/neuropilin- and fibrinogen-like domains, and thrombospondin N-terminal-like domains. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM68 | transmembrane protein 68| |
| ITM2C | integral membrane protein 2C| |
| KLHL42 | kelch-like family member 42| |
| ITM2A | integral membrane protein 2A|This gene encodes a type II membrane protein that belongs to the ITM2 family. Studies in mouse suggest that it may be involved in osteo- and chondrogenic differentiation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| KLHL40 | kelch-like family member 40|This gene encodes a protein containing a BACK domain, a BTB/POZ domain, and 5 Kelch repeats, however, its exact function is not known. The gene and the multi-domain protein structure are conserved across different taxa, including primates, rodents, chicken and zebrafish. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| ZNF70 | zinc finger protein 70| |
| CIR1 | corepressor interacting with RBPJ, 1| |
| FJX1 | four jointed box 1 (Drosophila)|The protein encoded by this gene is the human ortholog of mouse and Drosophila four-jointed gene product. The Drosophila protein is important for growth and differentiation of legs and wings, and for proper development of the eyes. The exact function of this gene in humans is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HOXC8 | homeobox C8|This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, which are located on different chromosomes and consist of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXC genes located in a cluster on chromosome 12. The product of this gene may play a role in the regulation of cartilage differentiation. It could also be involved in chondrodysplasias or other cartilage disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UGT8 | UDP glycosyltransferase 8|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family. It catalyzes the transfer of galactose to ceramide, a key enzymatic step in the biosynthesis of galactocerebrosides, which are abundant sphingolipids of the myelin membrane of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| NEDD4 | neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 4, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase| |
| P2RY11 | purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 11|The product of this gene belongs to the family of G-protein coupled receptors. This family has several receptor subtypes with different pharmacological selectivity, which overlaps in some cases, for various adenosine and uridine nucleotides. This receptor is coupled to the stimulation of the phosphoinositide and adenylyl cyclase pathways and behaves as a selective purinoceptor. Naturally occuring read-through transcripts, resulting from intergenic splicing between this gene and an immediately upstream gene (PPAN, encoding peter pan homolog), have been found. The PPAN-P2RY11 read-through mRNA is ubiquitously expressed and encodes a fusion protein that shares identity with each individual gene product. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IL20RB | interleukin 20 receptor beta|IL20RB and IL20RA (MIM 605620) form a heterodimeric receptor for interleukin-20 (IL20; MIM 605619) (Blumberg et al., 2001 [PubMed 11163236]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2009] |
| P2RY12 | purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 12|The product of this gene belongs to the family of G-protein coupled receptors. This family has several receptor subtypes with different pharmacological selectivity, which overlaps in some cases, for various adenosine and uridine nucleotides. This receptor is involved in platelet aggregation, and is a potential target for the treatment of thromboembolisms and other clotting disorders. Mutations in this gene are implicated in bleeding disorder, platelet type 8 (BDPLT8). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| P2RY13 | purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 13|The product of this gene belongs to the family of G-protein coupled receptors. This family has several receptor subtypes with different pharmacological selectivity, which overlaps in some cases, for various adenosine and uridine nucleotides. This receptor is activated by ADP. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| PAXBP1 | PAX3 and PAX7 binding protein 1|This gene encodes a protein that may bind to GC-rich DNA sequences, which suggests its involvement in the regulation of transcription. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| ZNF804A | zinc finger protein 804A| |
| OGFOD1 | 2-oxoglutarate and iron-dependent oxygenase domain containing 1| |
| ZNF629 | zinc finger protein 629| |
| OGFOD3 | 2-oxoglutarate and iron-dependent oxygenase domain containing 3| |
| OGFOD2 | 2-oxoglutarate and iron-dependent oxygenase domain containing 2| |
| ZNF624 | zinc finger protein 624| |
| ZNF625 | zinc finger protein 625| |
| ZNF626 | zinc finger protein 626| |
| ZNF627 | zinc finger protein 627| |
| ZNF620 | zinc finger protein 620| |
| ZNF622 | zinc finger protein 622| |
| ZNF623 | zinc finger protein 623| |
| UGT2B15 | UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B15|This gene encodes a member of the UDP-glycosyltransferase (UDPGT) family. The UDPGTs are of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This protein displays activity towards several classes of xenobiotic substrates, including simple phenolic compounds, 7-hydroxylated coumarins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, and certain drugs and their hydroxylated metabolites. It also catalyzes the glucuronidation of endogenous estrogens and androgens. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| NEURL2 | neuralized E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2|This gene encodes a protein that is involved in the regulation of myofibril organization. This protein is likely the adaptor component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex in striated muscle, and it regulates the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of beta-catenin during myogenesis. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| NEURL3 | neuralized E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 3| |
| NEURL4 | neuralized E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 4|The protein encoded by this gene is predicted and it includes two isoforms resulting from two alternatively spliced transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UGT2B11 | UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B11| |
| TRIM32 | tripartite motif containing 32|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to cytoplasmic bodies. The protein has also been localized to the nucleus, where it interacts with the activation domain of the HIV-1 Tat protein. The Tat protein activates transcription of HIV-1 genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CTNNA3 | catenin (cadherin-associated protein), alpha 3|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the vinculin/alpha-catenin family. The encoded protein plays a role in cell-cell adhesion in muscle cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, familial 13. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| RPL4 | ribosomal protein L4|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L4E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| APAF1 | apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1|This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein that initiates apoptosis. This protein contains several copies of the WD-40 domain, a caspase recruitment domain (CARD), and an ATPase domain (NB-ARC). Upon binding cytochrome c and dATP, this protein forms an oligomeric apoptosome. The apoptosome binds and cleaves caspase 9 preproprotein, releasing its mature, activated form. Activated caspase 9 stimulates the subsequent caspase cascade that commits the cell to apoptosis. Alternative splicing results in several transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OLFML3 | olfactomedin-like 3| |
| TRIM37 | tripartite motif containing 37|This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family, whose members are involved in diverse cellular functions such as developmental patterning and oncogenesis. The TRIM motif includes zinc-binding domains, a RING finger region, a B-box motif and a coiled-coil domain. The RING finger and B-box domains chelate zinc and might be involved in protein-protein and/or protein-nucleic acid interactions. The gene mutations are associated with mulibrey (muscle-liver-brain-eye) nanism, an autosomal recessive disorder that involves several tissues of mesodermal origin. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OR1M1 | olfactory receptor, family 1, subfamily M, member 1|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MLXIP | MLX interacting protein|This gene encodes a protein that functions as part of a heterodimer to activate transcription. The encoded protein forms a heterodimer with Max-like protein X (MLX) and is involved in the regulation of genes in response to cellular glucose levels. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| ADA | adenosine deaminase|This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of adenosine to inosine. Various mutations have been described for this gene and have been linked to human diseases. Deficiency in this enzyme causes a form of severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), in which there is dysfunction of both B and T lymphocytes with impaired cellular immunity and decreased production of immunoglobulins, whereas elevated levels of this enzyme have been associated with congenital hemolytic anemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADO | 2-aminoethanethiol (cysteamine) dioxygenase|Human thiol dioxygenases include cysteine dioxygenase (CDO; MIM 603943) and cysteamine (2-aminoethanethiol) dioxygenase (ADO; EC 1.13.11.19). CDO adds 2 oxygen atoms to free cysteine, whereas ADO adds 2 oxygen atoms to free cysteamine to form hypotaurine (Dominy et al., 2007 [PubMed 17581819]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ADM | adrenomedullin|The protein encoded by this gene is a preprohormone which is cleaved to form two biologically active peptides, adrenomedullin and proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide. Adrenomedullin is a 52 aa peptide with several functions, including vasodilation, regulation of hormone secretion, promotion of angiogenesis, and antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity is antibacterial, as the peptide has been shown to kill E. coli and S. aureus at low concentration. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014] |
| S100A7 | S100 calcium binding protein A7|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein differs from the other S100 proteins of known structure in its lack of calcium binding ability in one EF-hand at the N-terminus. The protein is overexpressed in hyperproliferative skin diseases, exhibits antimicrobial activities against bacteria and induces immunomodulatory activities. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| ZNF488 | zinc finger protein 488| |
| S100A6 | S100 calcium binding protein A6|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein may function in stimulation of Ca2+-dependent insulin release, stimulation of prolactin secretion, and exocytosis. Chromosomal rearrangements and altered expression of this gene have been implicated in melanoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATCAY | ataxia, cerebellar, Cayman type|This gene encodes a neuron-restricted protein that contains a CRAL-TRIO motif common to proteins that bind small lipophilic molecules. Mutations in this gene are associated with cerebellar ataxia, Cayman type. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RASGRF2 | Ras protein-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 2|RAS GTPases cycle between an inactive GDP-bound state and an active GTP-bound state. This gene encodes a calcium-regulated nucleotide exchange factor activating both RAS and RAS-related protein, RAC1, through the exchange of bound GDP for GTP, thereby, coordinating the signaling of distinct mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| USHBP1 | Usher syndrome 1C binding protein 1| |
| ZNF480 | zinc finger protein 480| |
| MEIG1 | meiosis/spermiogenesis associated 1| |
| ZNF483 | zinc finger protein 483| |
| ZNF484 | zinc finger protein 484| |
| ZNF485 | zinc finger protein 485| |
| ZNF486 | zinc finger protein 486| |
| PRM1 | protamine 1| |
| DECR2 | 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 2, peroxisomal| |
| DECR1 | 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial|This gene encodes an accessory enzyme which participates in the beta-oxidation and metabolism of unsaturated fatty enoyl-CoA esters. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| S100A2 | S100 calcium binding protein A2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein may have a tumor suppressor function. Chromosomal rearrangements and altered expression of this gene have been implicated in breast cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACVR1 | activin A receptor, type I|Activins are dimeric growth and differentiation factors which belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. Activins signal through a heteromeric complex of receptor serine kinases which include at least two type I ( I and IB) and two type II (II and IIB) receptors. These receptors are all transmembrane proteins, composed of a ligand-binding extracellular domain with cysteine-rich region, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain with predicted serine/threonine specificity. Type I receptors are essential for signaling; and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. Type I and II receptors form a stable complex after ligand binding, resulting in phosphorylation of type I receptors by type II receptors. This gene encodes activin A type I receptor which signals a particular transcriptional response in concert with activin type II receptors. Mutations in this gene are associated with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KALRN | kalirin, RhoGEF kinase|Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of striatal neurons, is caused by an expansion of a polyglutamine tract in the HD protein huntingtin. This gene encodes a protein that interacts with the huntingtin-associated protein 1, which is a huntingtin binding protein that may function in vesicle trafficking. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| JUNB | jun B proto-oncogene| |
| JUND | jun D proto-oncogene|The protein encoded by this intronless gene is a member of the JUN family, and a functional component of the AP1 transcription factor complex. This protein has been proposed to protect cells from p53-dependent senescence and apoptosis. Alternative translation initiation site usage results in the production of different isoforms (PMID:12105216). [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| TFF2 | trefoil factor 2|Members of the trefoil family are characterized by having at least one copy of the trefoil motif, a 40-amino acid domain that contains three conserved disulfides. They are stable secretory proteins expressed in gastrointestinal mucosa. Their functions are not defined, but they may protect the mucosa from insults, stabilize the mucus layer and affect healing of the epithelium. The encoded protein inhibits gastric acid secretion. This gene and two other related trefoil family member genes are found in a cluster on chromosome 21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TFF3 | trefoil factor 3 (intestinal)|Members of the trefoil family are characterized by having at least one copy of the trefoil motif, a 40-amino acid domain that contains three conserved disulfides. They are stable secretory proteins expressed in gastrointestinal mucosa. Their functions are not defined, but they may protect the mucosa from insults, stabilize the mucus layer and affect healing of the epithelium. This gene is expressed in goblet cells of the intestines and colon. This gene and two other related trefoil family member genes are found in a cluster on chromosome 21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HIST1H2AI | histone cluster 1, H2ai|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2A family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the small histone gene cluster on chromosome 6p22-p21.3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HIST1H2AH | histone cluster 1, H2ah|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2A family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the histone microcluster on chromosome 6p21.33. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HIST1H2AJ | histone cluster 1, H2aj|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2A family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the small histone gene cluster on chromosome 6p22-p21.3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HIST1H2AD | histone cluster 1, H2ad|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. This structure consists of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a nucleosome, an octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2A family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails; instead, they contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the large histone gene cluster on chromosome 6p22-p21.3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HIST1H2AA | histone cluster 1, H2aa|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2A family. Transcripts from this gene contain a palindromic termination element. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SWSAP1 | SWIM-type zinc finger 7 associated protein 1| |
| HIST1H2AC | histone cluster 1, H2ac|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2A family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the large histone gene cluster on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HIST1H2AB | histone cluster 1, H2ab|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. This structure consists of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a nucleosome, an octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2A family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails; instead, they contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the large histone gene cluster on chromosome 6p22-p21.3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| THAP11 | THAP domain containing 11|The protein encoded by this gene contains a THAP domain, which is a conserved DNA-binding domain that has striking similarity to the site-specific DNA-binding domain (DBD) of Drosophila P element transposases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STYX | serine/threonine/tyrosine interacting protein|The protein encoded by this gene is a pseudophosphatase, able to bind potential substrates but lacking an active catalytic loop. The encoded protein may be involved in spermiogenesis. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for these genes. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| PRPF19 | pre-mRNA processing factor 19|PSO4 is the human homolog of yeast Pso4, a gene essential for cell survival and DNA repair (Beck et al., 2008 [PubMed 18263876]).[supplied by OMIM, Sep 2008] |
| PRPF18 | pre-mRNA processing factor 18|Pre-mRNA splicing occurs in 2 sequential transesterification steps. The protein encoded by this gene is found to be essential for the catalytic step II in pre-mRNA splicing process. It is found in the spliceosome, and contains seven WD repeats, which function in protein-protein interactions. This protein has a sequence similarity to the yeast splicing factor Prp18. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WBSCR16 | Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosome region 16|This gene encodes a protein containing regulator of chromosome condensation 1-like repeats. The encoded protein may function as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor. This gene is located in a region of chromosome 7 that is deleted in Williams-Beuren syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| HIGD1A | HIG1 hypoxia inducible domain family, member 1A| |
| HIGD1B | HIG1 hypoxia inducible domain family, member 1B|This gene encodes a member of the hypoxia inducible gene 1 (HIG1) domain family. The encoded protein is localized to the cell membrane and has been linked to tumorigenesis and the progression of pituitary adenomas. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| FAM179B | family with sequence similarity 179, member B| |
| TRAF1 | TNF receptor-associated factor 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF receptor (TNFR) associated factor (TRAF) protein family. TRAF proteins associate with, and mediate the signal transduction from various receptors of the TNFR superfamily. This protein and TRAF2 form a heterodimeric complex, which is required for TNF-alpha-mediated activation of MAPK8/JNK and NF-kappaB. The protein complex formed by this protein and TRAF2 also interacts with inhibitor-of-apoptosis proteins (IAPs), and thus mediates the anti-apoptotic signals from TNF receptors. The expression of this protein can be induced by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV infection membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is found to interact with this and other TRAF proteins; this interaction is thought to link LMP1-mediated B lymphocyte transformation to the signal transduction from TNFR family receptors. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| TRAF2 | TNF receptor-associated factor 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF) protein family. TRAF proteins associate with, and mediate the signal transduction from members of the TNF receptor superfamily. This protein directly interacts with TNF receptors, and forms a heterodimeric complex with TRAF1. This protein is required for TNF-alpha-mediated activation of MAPK8/JNK and NF-kappaB. The protein complex formed by this protein and TRAF1 interacts with the inhibitor-of-apoptosis proteins (IAPs), and functions as a mediator of the anti-apoptotic signals from TNF receptors. The interaction of this protein with TRADD, a TNF receptor associated apoptotic signal transducer, ensures the recruitment of IAPs for the direct inhibition of caspase activation. BIRC2/c-IAP1, an apoptosis inhibitor possessing ubiquitin ligase activity, can unbiquitinate and induce the degradation of this protein, and thus potentiate TNF-induced apoptosis. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the biological validity of only one transcript has been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CPXCR1 | CPX chromosome region, candidate 1|This gene is one of several genes identified in a region of the X chromosome associated with an X-linked cleft palate (CPX) disorder. The encoded protein contains a motif similar to a motif found in zinc-finger proteins. Mutation analysis of this gene has not revealed any mutation which causes the CPX disorder. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| TRAF4 | TNF receptor-associated factor 4|This gene encodes a member of the TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF) family. TRAF proteins are associated with, and mediate signal transduction from members of the TNF receptor superfamily. The encoded protein has been shown to interact with neurotrophin receptor, p75 (NTR/NTSR1), and negatively regulate NTR induced cell death and NF-kappa B activation. This protein has been found to bind to p47phox, a cytosolic regulatory factor included in a multi-protein complex known as NAD(P)H oxidase. This protein thus, is thought to be involved in the oxidative activation of MAPK8/JNK. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed but the full-length nature of only one has been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRAF5 | TNF receptor-associated factor 5|The scaffold protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) protein family and contains a meprin and TRAF homology (MATH) domain, a RING-type zinc finger, and two TRAF-type zinc fingers. TRAF proteins are associated with, and mediate signal transduction from members of the TNF receptor superfamily. This protein is one of the components of a multiple protein complex which binds to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor cytoplasmic domains and mediates TNF-induced activation. Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KLB | klotho beta| |
| TRAF7 | TNF receptor-associated factor 7, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|Tumor necrosis factor (TNF; see MIM 191160) receptor-associated factors, such as TRAF7, are signal transducers for members of the TNF receptor superfamily (see MIM 191190). TRAFs are composed of an N-terminal cysteine/histidine-rich region containing zinc RING and/or zinc finger motifs; a coiled-coil (leucine zipper) motif; and a homologous region that defines the TRAF family, the TRAF domain, which is involved in self-association and receptor binding.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| HOOK2 | hook microtubule-tethering protein 2|Hook proteins are cytosolic coiled-coil proteins that contain conserved N-terminal domains, which attach to microtubules, and more divergent C-terminal domains, which mediate binding to organelles. The Drosophila Hook protein is a component of the endocytic compartment.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| HOOK3 | hook microtubule-tethering protein 3|Hook proteins are cytosolic coiled-coil proteins that contain conserved N-terminal domains, which attach to microtubules, and more divergent C-terminal domains, which mediate binding to organelles. The Drosophila Hook protein is a component of the endocytic compartment.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| TMPRSS3 | transmembrane protease, serine 3|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the serine protease family. The encoded protein contains a serine protease domain, a transmembrane domain, an LDL receptor-like domain, and a scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain. Serine proteases are known to be involved in a variety of biological processes, whose malfunction often leads to human diseases and disorders. This gene was identified by its association with both congenital and childhood onset autosomal recessive deafness. This gene is expressed in fetal cochlea and many other tissues, and is thought to be involved in the development and maintenance of the inner ear or the contents of the perilymph and endolymph. This gene was also identified as a tumor-associated gene that is overexpressed in ovarian tumors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| LGALS9 | lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9|The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The protein encoded by this gene is an S-type lectin. It is overexpressed in Hodgkin's disease tissue and might participate in the interaction between the H&RS cells with their surrounding cells and might thus play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease and/or its associated immunodeficiency. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KANK2 | KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 2| |
| TMPRSS6 | transmembrane protease, serine 6|The protein encoded by this gene is a type II transmembrane serine proteinase that is found attached to the cell surface. The encoded protein may be involved in matrix remodeling processes in the liver. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| ESD | esterase D|This gene encodes a serine hydrolase that belongs to the esterase D family. The encoded enzyme is active toward numerous substrates including O-acetylated sialic acids, and it may be involved in the recycling of sialic acids. This gene is used as a genetic marker for retinoblastoma and Wilson's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| TSC2 | tuberous sclerosis 2|Mutations in this gene lead to tuberous sclerosis complex. Its gene product is believed to be a tumor suppressor and is able to stimulate specific GTPases. The protein associates with hamartin in a cytosolic complex, possibly acting as a chaperone for hamartin. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNE1L | potassium channel, voltage gated subfamily E regulatory beta subunit 5|Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. This gene encodes a membrane protein which has sequence similarity to the KCNE1 gene product, a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, isk-related subfamily. This intronless gene is deleted in AMME contiguous gene syndrome and may be involved in the cardiac and neurologic abnormalities found in the AMME contiguous gene syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ABCC12 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 12|This gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and the encoded protein contains two ATP-binding domains and 12 transmembrane regions. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intracellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies: ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, and White. This gene is a member of the MRP subfamily which is involved in multi-drug resistance. This gene and another subfamily member are arranged head-to-tail on chromosome 16q12.1. Increased expression of this gene is associated with breast cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ABCC10 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 10|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, and White). This ABC full-transporter is a member of the MRP subfamily which is involved in multi-drug resistance. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| CPOX | coproporphyrinogen oxidase|The protein encoded by this gene is the sixth enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway. The encoded enzyme is soluble and found in the intermembrane space of mitochondria. This enzyme catalyzes the stepwise oxidative decarboxylation of coproporphyrinogen III to protoporphyrinogen IX, a precursor of heme. Defects in this gene are a cause of hereditary coproporphyria (HCP).[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| A1CF | APOBEC1 complementation factor|Mammalian apolipoprotein B mRNA undergoes site-specific C to U deamination, which is mediated by a multi-component enzyme complex containing a minimal core composed of APOBEC-1 and a complementation factor encoded by this gene. The gene product has three non-identical RNA recognition motifs and belongs to the hnRNP R family of RNA-binding proteins. It has been proposed that this complementation factor functions as an RNA-binding subunit and docks APOBEC-1 to deaminate the upstream cytidine. Studies suggest that the protein may also be involved in other RNA editing or RNA processing events. Several transcript variants encoding a few different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| TGIF2 | TGFB-induced factor homeobox 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a DNA-binding homeobox protein and a transcriptional repressor, which appears to repress transcription by recruiting histone deacetylases to TGF beta-responsive genes. This gene is amplified and over-expressed in some ovarian cancers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 1. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the neighboring downstream C20orf24 (chromosome 20 open reading frame 24) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| RSU1 | Ras suppressor protein 1|This gene encodes a protein that is involved in the Ras signal transduction pathway, growth inhibition, and nerve-growth factor induced differentiation processes, as determined in mouse and human cell line studies. In mouse, the encoded protein was initially isolated based on its ability to inhibit v-Ras transformation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants for this gene have been reported; one of these variants was found only in glioma tumors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NR4A3 | nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 3|This gene encodes a member of the steroid-thyroid hormone-retinoid receptor superfamily. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional activator. The protein can efficiently bind the NGFI-B Response Element (NBRE). Three different versions of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas (EMCs) are the result of reciprocal translocations between this gene and other genes. The translocation breakpoints are associated with Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 3 (on chromosome 9) and either Ewing Sarcome Breakpoint Region 1 (on chromosome 22), RNA Polymerase II, TATA Box-Binding Protein-Associated Factor, 68-KD (on chromosome 17), or Transcription factor 12 (on chromosome 15). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| EMG1 | EMG1 N1-specific pseudouridine methyltransferase|This gene encodes an essential, conserved eukaryotic protein involved in ribosome biogenesis. In yeast, the related protein is a component of the small subunit processome and is essential for biogenesis of the ribosomal 40S subunit. A mutation in this gene has been associated with Bowen-Conradi syndrome.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| DKC1 | dyskeratosis congenita 1, dyskerin|This gene functions in two distinct complexes. It plays an active role in telomerase stabilization and maintenance, as well as recognition of snoRNAs containing H/ACA sequences which provides stability during biogenesis and assembly into H/ACA small nucleolar RNA ribonucleoproteins (snoRNPs). This gene is highly conserved and widely expressed, and may play additional roles in nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling, DNA damage response, and cell adhesion. Mutations have been associated with X-linked dyskeratosis congenita. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| C2orf88 | chromosome 2 open reading frame 88| |
| TBC1D10C | TBC1 domain family, member 10C|The protein encoded by this gene has an N-terminal Rab-GTPase domain and a binding site at the C-terminus for calcineurin, and is an inhibitor of both the Ras signaling pathway and calcineurin, a phosphatase regulated by calcium and calmodulin. Genes encoding similar proteins are located on chromosomes 16 and 22. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| SLC4A1AP | solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1, adaptor protein| |
| TBC1D10A | TBC1 domain family, member 10A| |
| DNLZ | DNL-type zinc finger| |
| CCDC80 | coiled-coil domain containing 80| |
| MOV10 | Mov10 RISC complex RNA helicase| |
| TRIM16L | tripartite motif containing 16-like| |
| IGHG1 | immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 (G1m marker)| |
| IGHG2 | immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 2 (G2m marker)| |
| IGHG3 | immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3 (G3m marker)| |
| MOCS3 | molybdenum cofactor synthesis 3|Molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) is necessary for the function of all molybdoenzymes. The protein encoded by this gene adenylates and activates molybdopterin synthase, an enzyme required for biosynthesis of MoCo. This gene contains no introns. A pseudogene of this gene is present on chromosome 14. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| MOCS2 | molybdenum cofactor synthesis 2|Eukaryotic molybdoenzymes use a unique molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) consisting of a pterin, termed molybdopterin, and the catalytically active metal molybdenum. MoCo is synthesized from precursor Z by the heterodimeric enzyme molybdopterin synthase. The large and small subunits of molybdopterin synthase are both encoded from this gene by overlapping open reading frames. The proteins were initially thought to be encoded from a bicistronic transcript. They are now thought to be encoded from monocistronic transcripts. Alternatively spliced transcripts have been found for this locus that encode the large and small subunits. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MOCS1 | molybdenum cofactor synthesis 1|Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis is a conserved pathway leading to the biological activation of molybdenum. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in this pathway. This gene was originally thought to produce a bicistronic mRNA with the potential to produce two proteins (MOCS1A and MOCS1B) from adjacent open reading frames. However, only the first open reading frame (MOCS1A) has been found to encode a protein from the putative bicistronic mRNA, whereas additional splice variants, whose full-length natures have yet to be determined, are likely to produce a fusion between the two open reading frames. This gene is defective in patients with molybdenum cofactor deficiency, type A. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 16. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| CCDC87 | coiled-coil domain containing 87| |
| COMMD8 | COMM domain containing 8| |
| COMMD9 | COMM domain containing 9| |
| OARD1 | O-acyl-ADP-ribose deacylase 1| |
| COMMD2 | COMM domain containing 2| |
| COMMD3 | COMM domain containing 3| |
| COMMD1 | copper metabolism (Murr1) domain containing 1|COMMD1 is a regulator of copper homeostasis, sodium uptake, and NF-kappa-B (see MIM 164011) signaling (de Bie et al., 2005 [PubMed 16267171]).[supplied by OMIM, Sep 2009] |
| COMMD6 | COMM domain containing 6|COMMD6 belongs to a family of NF-kappa-B (see RELA; MIM 164014)-inhibiting proteins characterized by the presence of a COMM domain (see COMMD1; MIM 607238) (de Bie et al., 2006 [PubMed 16573520]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2009] |
| COMMD7 | COMM domain containing 7| |
| COMMD4 | COMM domain containing 4| |
| COMMD5 | COMM domain containing 5| |
| TSC1 | tuberous sclerosis 1|This gene encodes a growth inhibitory protein thought to play a role in the stabilization of tuberin. Mutations in this gene have been associated with tuberous sclerosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| METTL18 | methyltransferase like 18| |
| METTL13 | methyltransferase like 13| |
| METTL10 | methyltransferase like 10| |
| METTL16 | methyltransferase like 16| |
| METTL17 | methyltransferase like 17| |
| METTL14 | methyltransferase like 14| |
| METTL15 | methyltransferase like 15| |
| ZMYM2 | zinc finger, MYM-type 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger protein that may act as a transcription factor. The encoded protein may be part of a BHC histone deacetylase complex. Translocation of this gene with the fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 gene (FGFR1) results in a fusion gene, which may be a cause of stem cell leukemia lymphoma syndrome (SCLL). Several transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| NPR1 | natriuretic peptide receptor 1|Guanylyl cyclases, catalyzing the production of cGMP from GTP, are classified as soluble and membrane forms (Garbers and Lowe, 1994 [PubMed 7982997]). The membrane guanylyl cyclases, often termed guanylyl cyclases A through F, form a family of cell-surface receptors with a similar topographic structure: an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a single membrane-spanning domain, and an intracellular region that contains a protein kinase-like domain and a cyclase catalytic domain. GC-A and GC-B function as receptors for natriuretic peptides; they are also referred to as atrial natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR1) and type B (NPR2; MIM 108961). Also see NPR3 (MIM 108962), which encodes a protein with only the ligand-binding transmembrane and 37-amino acid cytoplasmic domains. NPR1 is a membrane-bound guanylate cyclase that serves as the receptor for both atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP (MIM 108780) and BNP (MIM 600295), respectively).[supplied by OMIM, May 2009] |
| NPR2 | natriuretic peptide receptor 2|This gene encodes natriuretic peptide receptor B, one of two integral membrane receptors for natriuretic peptides. Both NPR1 and NPR2 contain five functional domains: an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a single membrane-spanning region, and intracellularly a protein kinase homology domain, a helical hinge region involved in oligomerization, and a carboxyl-terminal guanylyl cyclase catalytic domain. The protein is the primary receptor for C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), which upon ligand binding exhibits greatly increased guanylyl cyclase activity. Mutations in this gene are the cause of acromesomelic dysplasia Maroteaux type. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZMYM1 | zinc finger, MYM-type 1| |
| ZMYM6 | zinc finger, MYM-type 6| |
| ZMYM4 | zinc finger, MYM-type 4| |
| ZMYM5 | zinc finger, MYM-type 5| |
| CAMK2D | calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta|The product of this gene belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family and to the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subfamily. Calcium signaling is crucial for several aspects of plasticity at glutamatergic synapses. In mammalian cells, the enzyme is composed of four different chains: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. The product of this gene is a delta chain. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Distinct isoforms of this chain have different expression patterns.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| PRRG4 | proline rich Gla (G-carboxyglutamic acid) 4 (transmembrane)| |
| CAMK2G | calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma|The product of this gene is one of the four subunits of an enzyme which belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family, and to the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subfamily. Calcium signaling is crucial for several aspects of plasticity at glutamatergic synapses. In mammalian cells the enzyme is composed of four different chains: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. The product of this gene is a gamma chain. Many alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described but the full-length nature of all the variants has not been determined.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| CAMK2A | calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha|The product of this gene belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinases family, and to the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases subfamily. Calcium signaling is crucial for several aspects of plasticity at glutamatergic synapses. This calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase is composed of four different chains: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. The alpha chain encoded by this gene is required for hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and spatial learning. In addition to its calcium-calmodulin (CaM)-dependent activity, this protein can undergo autophosphorylation, resulting in CaM-independent activity. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| CAMK2B | calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II beta|The product of this gene belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family and to the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subfamily. Calcium signaling is crucial for several aspects of plasticity at glutamatergic synapses. In mammalian cells, the enzyme is composed of four different chains: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. The product of this gene is a beta chain. It is possible that distinct isoforms of this chain have different cellular localizations and interact differently with calmodulin. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| IL22RA2 | interleukin 22 receptor, alpha 2|This gene encodes a member of the class II cytokine receptor family. The encoded soluble protein specifically binds to and inhibits interleukin 22 activity by blocking the interaction of interleukin 22 with its cell surface receptor. The encoded protein may be important in the regulation of inflammatory response, and has been implicated in the regulation of tumorigenesis in the colon. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| TMEM184A | transmembrane protein 184A| |
| TMEM184B | transmembrane protein 184B| |
| TMEM184C | transmembrane protein 184C| |
| SHFM1 | split hand/foot malformation (ectrodactyly) type 1|The product of this gene has been localized within the split hand/split foot malformation locus SHFM1 at chromosome 7. It has been proposed to be a candidate gene for the autosomal dominant form of the heterogeneous limb developmental disorder split hand/split foot malformation type 1. In addition, it has been shown to directly interact with BRCA2. It also may play a role in the completion of the cell cycle. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNASE11 | ribonuclease, RNase A family, 11 (non-active)| |
| UCKL1 | uridine-cytidine kinase 1-like 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a uridine kinase. Uridine kinases catalyze the phosphorylation of uridine to uridine monophosphate. This protein has been shown to bind to Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 3 as well as natural killer lytic-associated molecule. Ubiquitination of this protein is enhanced by the presence of natural killer lytic-associated molecule. In addition, protein levels decrease in the presence of natural killer lytic-associated molecule, suggesting that association with natural killer lytic-associated molecule results in ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of this protein. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| MYL4 | myosin, light chain 4, alkali; atrial, embryonic|Myosin is a hexameric ATPase cellular motor protein. It is composed of two myosin heavy chains, two nonphosphorylatable myosin alkali light chains, and two phosphorylatable myosin regulatory light chains. This gene encodes a myosin alkali light chain that is found in embryonic muscle and adult atria. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZSCAN18 | zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 18| |
| SLC30A9 | solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 9| |
| ZSCAN12 | zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 12| |
| ZSCAN16 | zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 16| |
| ENOX1 | ecto-NOX disulfide-thiol exchanger 1|Electron transport pathways are generally associated with mitochondrial membranes, but non-mitochondrial pathways are also biologically significant. Plasma membrane electron transport pathways are involved in functions as diverse as cellular defense, intracellular redox homeostasis, and control of cell growth and survival. Members of the ecto-NOX family, such as CNOX, or ENOX1, are involved in plasma membrane transport pathways. These enzymes exhibit both a hydroquinone (NADH) oxidase activity and a protein disulfide-thiol interchange activity in series, with each activity cycling every 22 to 26 minutes (Scarlett et al., 2005 [PubMed 15882838]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CD1D | CD1d molecule|This gene encodes a divergent member of the CD1 family of transmembrane glycoproteins, which are structurally related to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins and form heterodimers with beta-2-microglobulin. The CD1 proteins mediate the presentation of primarily lipid and glycolipid antigens of self or microbial origin to T cells. The human genome contains five CD1 family genes organized in a cluster on chromosome 1. The CD1 family members are thought to differ in their cellular localization and specificity for particular lipid ligands. The protein encoded by this gene localizes to late endosomes and lysosomes via a tyrosine-based motif in the cytoplasmic tail. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD1E | CD1e molecule|This gene encodes a member of the CD1 family of transmembrane glycoproteins, which are structurally related to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins and form heterodimers with beta-2-microglobulin. The CD1 proteins mediate the presentation of primarily lipid and glycolipid antigens of self or microbial origin to T cells. The human genome contains five CD1 family genes organized in a cluster on chromosome 1. The CD1 family members are thought to differ in their cellular localization and specificity for particular lipid ligands. The protein encoded by this gene localizes within Golgi compartments, endosomes, and lysosomes, and is cleaved into a stable soluble form. The soluble form is required for the intracellular processing of some glycolipids into a form that can be presented by other CD1 family members. Many alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. Additional transcript variants have been found; however, their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| CD1B | CD1b molecule|This gene encodes a member of the CD1 family of transmembrane glycoproteins, which are structurally related to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins and form heterodimers with beta-2-microglobulin. The CD1 proteins mediate the presentation of primarily lipid and glycolipid antigens of self or microbial origin to T cells. The human genome contains five CD1 family genes organized in a cluster on chromosome 1. The CD1 family members are thought to differ in their cellular localization and specificity for particular lipid ligands. The protein encoded by this gene localizes to late endosomes and lysosomes via a tyrosine-based motif in the cytoplasmic tail, and requires vesicular acidification to bind lipid antigens. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD1C | CD1c molecule|This gene encodes a member of the CD1 family of transmembrane glycoproteins, which are structurally related to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins and form heterodimers with beta-2-microglobulin. The CD1 proteins mediate the presentation of primarily lipid and glycolipid antigens of self or microbial origin to T cells. The human genome contains five CD1 family genes organized in a cluster on chromosome 1. The CD1 family members are thought to differ in their cellular localization and specificity for particular lipid ligands. The protein encoded by this gene is broadly distributed throughout the endocytic system via a tyrosine-based motif in the cytoplasmic tail. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been observed, but their full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD1A | CD1a molecule|This gene encodes a member of the CD1 family of transmembrane glycoproteins, which are structurally related to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins and form heterodimers with beta-2-microglobulin. The CD1 proteins mediate the presentation of primarily lipid and glycolipid antigens of self or microbial origin to T cells. The human genome contains five CD1 family genes organized in a cluster on chromosome 1. The CD1 family members are thought to differ in their cellular localization and specificity for particular lipid ligands. The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the plasma membrane and to recycling vesicles of the early endocytic system. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANO5 | anoctamin 5|This gene encodes a member of the anoctamin family of transmembrane proteins. The encoded protein is likely a calcium activated chloride channel. Mutations in this gene have been associated with gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| CELF5 | CUGBP, Elav-like family member 5|This gene encodes a member of the the CELF/BRUNOL protein family, which contain two N-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM) domains, one C-terminal RRM domain, and a divergent segment of 160-230 aa between the second and third RRM domains. Members of this protein family regulate pre-mRNA alternative splicing and may also be involved in mRNA editing and translation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| CELF4 | CUGBP, Elav-like family member 4|Members of the CELF/BRUNOL protein family contain two N-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM) domains, one C-terminal RRM domain, and a divergent segment of 160-230 aa between the second and third RRM domains. Members of this protein family regulate pre-mRNA alternative splicing and may also be involved in mRNA editing, and translation. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CELF3 | CUGBP, Elav-like family member 3|Members of the CELF/BRUNOL protein family contain two N-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM) domains, one C-terminal RRM domain, and a divergent segment of 160-230 aa between the second and third RRM domains. Members of this protein family regulate pre-mRNA alternative splicing and may also be involved in mRNA editing, and translation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified in this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| ANO1 | anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel| |
| ANO2 | anoctamin 2, calcium activated chloride channel|ANO2 belongs to a family of calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) (reviewed by Hartzell et al., 2009 [PubMed 19015192]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2011] |
| TANGO6 | transport and golgi organization 6 homolog (Drosophila)| |
| POLR1B | polymerase (RNA) I polypeptide B, 128kDa|Eukaryotic RNA polymerase I (pol I) is responsible for the transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and production of rRNA, the primary component of ribosomes. Pol I is a multisubunit enzyme composed of 6 to 14 polypeptides, depending on the species. Most of the mass of the pol I complex derives from the 2 largest subunits, Rpa1 and Rpa2 in yeast. POLR1B is homologous to Rpa2 (Seither and Grummt, 1996 [PubMed 8921381]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| POLR1C | polymerase (RNA) I polypeptide C, 30kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of both RNA polymerase I and RNA polymerase III complexes. The encoded protein is part of the Pol core element. Defects in this gene have been associated with Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS). [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| POLR1D | polymerase (RNA) I polypeptide D, 16kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the RNA polymerase I and RNA polymerase III complexes, which function in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA precursors and small RNAs, respectively. Mutations in this gene are a cause of Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS), a craniofacial development disorder. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011] |
| TANGO2 | transport and golgi organization 2 homolog (Drosophila)| |
| COL3A1 | collagen, type III, alpha 1|This gene encodes the pro-alpha1 chains of type III collagen, a fibrillar collagen that is found in extensible connective tissues such as skin, lung, uterus, intestine and the vascular system, frequently in association with type I collagen. Mutations in this gene are associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome types IV, and with aortic and arterial aneurysms. Two transcripts, resulting from the use of alternate polyadenylation signals, have been identified for this gene. [provided by R. Dalgleish, Feb 2008] |
| SPATA31A7 | SPATA31 subfamily A, member 7| |
| HIP1R | huntingtin interacting protein 1 related| |
| WDR41 | WD repeat domain 41| |
| DUS1L | dihydrouridine synthase 1-like (S. cerevisiae)| |
| WDR43 | WD repeat domain 43| |
| WDR44 | WD repeat domain 44|This gene encodes a protein that interacts with the small GTPase rab11. A similar protein in rat binds the GTP-containing active form of rab11. This protein may play a role in endosome recycling. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| WDR45 | WD repeat domain 45|This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. This gene has a pseudogene at chromosome 4q31.3. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene, but the biological validity and full-length nature of some variants have not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WDR46 | WD repeat domain 46| |
| WIZ | widely interspaced zinc finger motifs| |
| WDR48 | WD repeat domain 48| |
| GTF2B | general transcription factor IIB|This gene encodes the general transcription factor IIB, one of the ubiquitous factors required for transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II. The protein localizes to the nucleus where it forms a complex (the DAB complex) with transcription factors IID and IIA. Transcription factor IIB serves as a bridge between IID, the factor which initially recognizes the promoter sequence, and RNA polymerase II. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| JAK2 | Janus kinase 2|This gene product is a protein tyrosine kinase involved in a specific subset of cytokine receptor signaling pathways. It has been found to be constituitively associated with the prolactin receptor and is required for responses to gamma interferon. Mice that do not express an active protein for this gene exhibit embryonic lethality associated with the absence of definitive erythropoiesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| JAK3 | Janus kinase 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Janus kinase (JAK) family of tyrosine kinases involved in cytokine receptor-mediated intracellular signal transduction. It is predominantly expressed in immune cells and transduces a signal in response to its activation via tyrosine phosphorylation by interleukin receptors. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency disease). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| JAK1 | Janus kinase 1|Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), is a member of a new class of protein-tyrosine kinases (PTK) characterized by the presence of a second phosphotransferase-related domain immediately N-terminal to the PTK domain. The second phosphotransferase domain bears all the hallmarks of a protein kinase, although its structure differs significantly from that of the PTK and threonine/serine kinase family members. JAK1 is a large, widely expressed membrane-associated phosphoprotein. JAK1 is involved in the interferon-alpha/beta and -gamma signal transduction pathways. The reciprocal interdependence between JAK1 and TYK2 activities in the interferon-alpha pathway, and between JAK1 and JAK2 in the interferon-gamma pathway, may reflect a requirement for these kinases in the correct assembly of interferon receptor complexes. These kinases couple cytokine ligand binding to tyrosine phosphorylation of various known signaling proteins and of a unique family of transcription factors termed the signal transducers and activators of transcription, or STATs. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GRM4 | glutamate receptor, metabotropic 4|L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in most aspects of normal brain function and can be perturbed in many neuropathologic conditions. The metabotropic glutamate receptors are a family of G protein-coupled receptors, that have been divided into 3 groups on the basis of sequence homology, putative signal transduction mechanisms, and pharmacologic properties. Group I includes GRM1 and GRM5 and these receptors have been shown to activate phospholipase C. Group II includes GRM2 and GRM3 while Group III includes GRM4, GRM6, GRM7 and GRM8. Group II and III receptors are linked to the inhibition of the cyclic AMP cascade but differ in their agonist selectivities. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| GRM5 | glutamate receptor, metabotropic 5|This gene encodes a member of the G-protein coupled receptor 3 protein family. The encoded protein is a metabatropic glutamate receptor, whose signaling activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. This protein may be involved in the regulation of neural network activity and synaptic plasticity. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in most aspects of normal brain function and can be perturbed in many neuropathologic conditions. A pseudogene of this gene has been defined on chromosome 11. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| KIFC1 | kinesin family member C1| |
| GTF2I | general transcription factor IIi|This gene encodes a phosphoprotein containing six characteristic repeat motifs. The encoded protein binds to the initiator element (Inr) and E-box element in promoters and functions as a regulator of transcription. This locus, along with several other neighboring genes, is deleted in Williams-Beuren syndrome. There are many closely related genes and pseudogenes for this gene on chromosome 7. This gene also has pseudogenes on chromosomes 9, 13, and 21. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| GRM1 | glutamate receptor, metabotropic 1|This gene encodes a metabotropic glutamate receptor that functions by activating phospholipase C. L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in most aspects of normal brain function and can be perturbed in many neuropathologic conditions. The canonical alpha isoform of the encoded protein is a disulfide-linked homodimer whose activity is mediated by a G-protein-coupled phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. This gene may be associated with many disease states, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and breast cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| NR1H2 | nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 2|The liver X receptors, LXRA (NR1H3; MIM 602423) and LXRB, form a subfamily of the nuclear receptor superfamily and are key regulators of macrophage function, controlling transcriptional programs involved in lipid homeostasis and inflammation. The inducible LXRA is highly expressed in liver, adrenal gland, intestine, adipose tissue, macrophages, lung, and kidney, whereas LXRB is ubiquitously expressed. Ligand-activated LXRs form obligate heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs; see MIM 180245) and regulate expression of target genes containing LXR response elements (summary by Korf et al., 2009 [PubMed 19436111]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2010] |
| NR1H3 | nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the NR1 subfamily of the nuclear receptor superfamily. The NR1 family members are key regulators of macrophage function, controlling transcriptional programs involved in lipid homeostasis and inflammation. This protein is highly expressed in visceral organs, including liver, kidney and intestine. It forms a heterodimer with retinoid X receptor (RXR), and regulates expression of target genes containing retinoid response elements. Studies in mice lacking this gene suggest that it may play an important role in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| HOXB8 | homeobox B8|This gene is a member of the Antp homeobox family and encodes a nuclear protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. It is included in a cluster of homeobox B genes located on chromosome 17. The encoded protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in development. Increased expression of this gene is associated with colorectal cancer. Mice that have had the murine ortholog of this gene knocked out exhibit an excessive pathologic grooming behavior. This behavior is similar to the behavior of humans suffering from the obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder trichotillomania. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HOXB9 | homeobox B9|This gene is a member of the Abd-B homeobox family and encodes a protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. It is included in a cluster of homeobox B genes located on chromosome 17. The encoded nuclear protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Increased expression of this gene is associated with some cases of leukemia, prostate cancer and lung cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NMRAL1 | NmrA-like family domain containing 1|This gene encodes an NADPH sensor protein that preferentially binds to NADPH. The encoded protein also negatively regulates the activity of NF-kappaB in a ubiquitylation-dependent manner. It plays a key role in cellular antiviral response by negatively regulating the interferon response factor 3-mediated expression of interferon beta. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| HOXB2 | homeobox B2|This gene is a member of the Antp homeobox family and encodes a nuclear protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. It is included in a cluster of homeobox B genes located on chromosome 17. The encoded protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in development. Increased expression of this gene is associated with pancreatic cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HOXB3 | homeobox B3|This gene is a member of the Antp homeobox family and encodes a nuclear protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. It is included in a cluster of homeobox B genes located on chromosome 17. The encoded protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in development. Increased expression of this gene is associated with a distinct biologic subset of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HOXB1 | homeobox B1|This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, located on different chromosomes, consisting of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXB genes located in a cluster on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HOXB6 | homeobox B6|This gene is a member of the Antp homeobox family and encodes a protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. It is included in a cluster of homeobox B genes located on chromosome 17. The encoded protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in development, including that of lung and skin, and has been localized to both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Altered expression of this gene or a change in the subcellular localization of its protein is associated with some cases of acute myeloid leukemia and colorectal cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HOXB7 | homeobox B7|This gene is a member of the Antp homeobox family and encodes a protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. It is included in a cluster of homeobox B genes located on chromosome 17. The encoded nuclear protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Increased expression of this gene is associated with some cases of melanoma and ovarian carcinoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HOXB4 | homeobox B4|This gene is a member of the Antp homeobox family and encodes a nuclear protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. It is included in a cluster of homeobox B genes located on chromosome 17. The encoded protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in development. Intracellular or ectopic expression of this protein expands hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in vivo and in vitro, making it a potential candidate for therapeutic stem cell expansion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HOXB5 | homeobox B5|This gene is a member of the Antp homeobox family and encodes a nuclear protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. It is included in a cluster of homeobox B genes located on chromosome 17. The encoded protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in lung and gut development. Increased expression of this gene is associated with a distinct biologic subset of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the occurrence of bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) tissue. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPARG | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma|This gene encodes a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subfamily of nuclear receptors. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and these heterodimers regulate transcription of various genes. Three subtypes of PPARs are known: PPAR-alpha, PPAR-delta, and PPAR-gamma. The protein encoded by this gene is PPAR-gamma and is a regulator of adipocyte differentiation. Additionally, PPAR-gamma has been implicated in the pathology of numerous diseases including obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPARD | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta|This gene encodes a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family. PPARs are nuclear hormone receptors that bind peroxisome proliferators and control the size and number of peroxisomes produced by cells. PPARs mediate a variety of biological processes, and may be involved in the development of several chronic diseases, including diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, and cancer. This protein is a potent inhibitor of ligand-induced transcription activity of PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma. It may function as an integrator of transcription repression and nuclear receptor signaling. The expression of this gene is found to be elevated in colorectal cancer cells. The elevated expression can be repressed by adenomatosis polyposis coli (APC), a tumor suppressor protein related to APC/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Knockout studies in mice suggested the role of this protein in myelination of the corpus callosum, lipid metabolism, and epidermal cell proliferation. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| ADAM33 | ADAM metallopeptidase domain 33|This gene encodes a member of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain) family. Members of this family are membrane-anchored proteins structurally related to snake venom disintegrins, and have been implicated in a variety of biological processes involving cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, including fertilization, muscle development, and neurogenesis. This protein is a type I transmembrane protein implicated in asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| GHRHR | growth hormone releasing hormone receptor|This gene encodes a receptor for growth hormone-releasing hormone. Binding of this hormone to the receptor leads to synthesis and release of growth hormone. Mutations in this gene have been associated with isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD), also known as Dwarfism of Sindh, a disorder characterized by short stature. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| PPARA | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha|Peroxisome proliferators include hypolipidemic drugs, herbicides, leukotriene antagonists, and plasticizers; this term arises because they induce an increase in the size and number of peroxisomes. Peroxisomes are subcellular organelles found in plants and animals that contain enzymes for respiration and for cholesterol and lipid metabolism. The action of peroxisome proliferators is thought to be mediated via specific receptors, called PPARs, which belong to the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. PPARs affect the expression of target genes involved in cell proliferation, cell differentiation and in immune and inflammation responses. Three closely related subtypes (alpha, beta/delta, and gamma) have been identified. This gene encodes the subtype PPAR-alpha, which is a nuclear transcription factor. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene, although the full-length nature of only two has been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CSGALNACT2 | chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2|This gene encodes a member of the chondroitin N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase family. The encoded protein is involved in elongation during chondroitin sulfate synthesis. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| CSGALNACT1 | chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1| |
| C5orf15 | chromosome 5 open reading frame 15| |
| ANKRD26 | ankyrin repeat domain 26|This gene encodes a protein containing N-terminal ankyrin repeats which function in protein-protein interactions. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal dominant thrombocytopenia-2. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosome 7, 10, 13 and 16. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| PTF1A | pancreas specific transcription factor, 1a|This gene encodes a protein that is a component of the pancreas transcription factor 1 complex (PTF1) and is known to have a role in mammalian pancreatic development. The protein plays a role in determining whether cells allocated to the pancreatic buds continue towards pancreatic organogenesis or revert back to duodenal fates. The protein is thought to be involved in the maintenance of exocrine pancreas-specific gene expression including elastase 1 and amylase. Mutations in this gene cause cerebellar agenesis and loss of expression is seen in ductal type pancreas cancers. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPDEF | SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ETS family of transcription factors. It is highly expressed in the prostate epithelial cells, and functions as an androgen-independent transactivator of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) promoter. Higher expression of this protein has also been reported in brain, breast, lung and ovarian tumors, compared to the corresponding normal tissues, and it shows better tumor-association than other cancer-associated molecules, making it a more suitable target for developing specific cancer therapies. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| MAGOHB | mago-nashi homolog B (Drosophila)| |
| MPP3 | membrane protein, palmitoylated 3 (MAGUK p55 subfamily member 3)|This gene product is a member of a family of membrane-associated proteins termed MAGUKs (membrane-associated guanylate kinase homologs). MAGUKs interact with the cytoskeleton and regulate cell proliferation, signaling pathways, and intracellular junctions. This protein contains a conserved sequence, called the SH3 (src homology 3) motif, found in several other proteins that associate with the cytoskeleton and are suspected to play important roles in signal transduction. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified. One transcript variant is experimentally supported, but it doesn't encode a protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD14 | CD14 molecule|The protein encoded by this gene is a surface antigen that is preferentially expressed on monocytes/macrophages. It cooperates with other proteins to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| POLR2F | polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide F|This gene encodes the sixth largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. In yeast, this polymerase subunit, in combination with at least two other subunits, forms a structure that stabilizes the transcribing polymerase on the DNA template. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| MYZAP | myocardial zonula adherens protein|This gene encodes a protein that is abundantly expressed in cardiac tissue. The encoded protein localizes to intercalated discs in cardiomyocytes and functions as an activator of Rho-dependent serum-response factor signaling. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Readthrough transcription also exists between this gene and the neighboring downstream gene POLR2M (polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide M) and is represented with GeneID: 145781. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| BTN1A1 | butyrophilin, subfamily 1, member A1|Butyrophilin is the major protein associated with fat droplets in the milk. It is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It may have a cell surface receptor function. The human butyrophilin gene is localized in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I region of 6p and may have arisen relatively recently in evolution by the shuffling of exons between 2 ancestral gene families [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CTAG2 | cancer/testis antigen 2|This gene encodes an autoimmunogenic tumor antigen that belongs to the ESO/LAGE family of cancer-testis antigens. This protein is expressed in a wide array of cancers including melanoma, breast cancer, bladder cancer and prostate cancer. This protein is also expressed in normal testis tissue. An alternative open reading frame product of this gene has been described in PMID:10399963. This alternate protein, termed CAMEL, is a tumor antigen that is recognized by melanoma-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| MPP1 | membrane protein, palmitoylated 1, 55kDa|This gene encodes the prototype of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family proteins. MAGUKs interact with the cytoskeleton and regulate cell proliferation, signaling pathways, and intercellular junctions. The encoded protein is an extensively palmitoylated membrane phosphoprotein containing a PDZ domain, a Src homology 3 (SH3) motif, and a guanylate kinase domain. This gene product interacts with various cytoskeletal proteins and cell junctional proteins in different tissue and cell types, and may be involved in the regulation of cell shape, hair cell development, neural patterning of the retina, and apico-basal polarity and tumor suppression pathways in non-erythroid cells. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| CD19 | CD19 molecule|Lymphocytes proliferate and differentiate in response to various concentrations of different antigens. The ability of the B cell to respond in a specific, yet sensitive manner to the various antigens is achieved with the use of low-affinity antigen receptors. This gene encodes a cell surface molecule which assembles with the antigen receptor of B lymphocytes in order to decrease the threshold for antigen receptor-dependent stimulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COL10A1 | collagen, type X, alpha 1|This gene encodes the alpha chain of type X collagen, a short chain collagen expressed by hypertrophic chondrocytes during endochondral ossification. Unlike type VIII collagen, the other short chain collagen, type X collagen is a homotrimer. Mutations in this gene are associated with Schmid type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (SMCD) and Japanese type spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (SMD). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RIMBP3 | RIMS binding protein 3| |
| CHST11 | carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase 11|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the sulfotransferase 2 family. It is localized to the golgi membrane, and catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to position 4 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate constitutes the predominant proteoglycan present in cartilage, and is distributed on the surfaces of many cells and extracellular matrices. A chromosomal translocation involving this gene and IgH, t(12;14)(q23;q32), has been reported in a patient with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| ASH2L | ash2 (absent, small, or homeotic)-like (Drosophila)| |
| PRKDC | protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic polypeptide|This gene encodes the catalytic subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). It functions with the Ku70/Ku80 heterodimer protein in DNA double strand break repair and recombination. The protein encoded is a member of the PI3/PI4-kinase family.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| MKRN1 | makorin ring finger protein 1|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to a novel class of zinc finger proteins. The encoded protein functions as a transcriptional co-regulator, and as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that promotes the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of target proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is thought to regulate RNA polymerase II-catalyzed transcription. Substrates for this protein's E3 ubiquitin ligase activity include the capsid protein of the West Nile virus and the catalytic subunit of the telomerase ribonucleoprotein. This protein controls cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by regulating p21, a cell cycle regulator, and the tumor suppressor protein p53. Pseudogenes of this gene are present on chromosomes 1, 3, 9, 12 and 20, and on the X chromosome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| RHOC | ras homolog family member C|This gene encodes a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, which cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states and function as molecular switches in signal transduction cascades. Rho proteins promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and regulate cell shape, attachment, and motility. The protein encoded by this gene is prenylated at its C-terminus, and localizes to the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. It is thought to be important in cell locomotion. Overexpression of this gene is associated with tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MKRN3 | makorin ring finger protein 3|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING (C3HC4) zinc finger motif and several C3H zinc finger motifs. This gene is intronless and imprinted, with expression only from the paternal allele. Disruption of the imprinting at this locus may contribute to Prader-Willi syndrome. An antisense RNA of unknown function has been found overlapping this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MKRN2 | makorin ring finger protein 2|This gene encodes a probable E3 ubiquitin ligase containing several zinc finger domains, that is a member of the makorin RING zinc-finger protein family. This gene overlaps the v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (RAF1) gene in an antisense orientation and may have a co-regulatory function with RAF1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| DYRK4 | dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 4|This gene encodes an enzyme that belongs to a conserved family of serine/threonine protein kinases. Members of this dual specificity kinase family are thought to function in the regulation of cell differentiation and proliferation, survival, and in development. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Additional alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but their full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| RECQL5 | RecQ protein-like 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a helicase that is important for genome stability. The encoded protein also prevents aberrant homologous recombination by displacing RAD51 from ssDNA. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| MPP4 | membrane protein, palmitoylated 4 (MAGUK p55 subfamily member 4)|This gene encodes a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) protein family, with an N-terminal PDZ domain, a central src homology 3 region (SH3), and a C-terminal guanylate kinase-like (GUK) domain. The protein is localized to the outer limiting membrane in the retina, and is thought to function in photoreceptor polarity and the organization of specialized intercellular junctions. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RGMB | repulsive guidance molecule family member b|RGMB is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored member of the repulsive guidance molecule family (see RGMA, MIM 607362) and contributes to the patterning of the developing nervous system (Samad et al., 2005 [PubMed 15671031]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2009] |
| RHOA | ras homolog family member A| |
| LHFPL2 | lipoma HMGIC fusion partner-like 2|This gene is a member of the lipoma HMGIC fusion partner (LHFP) gene family, which is a subset of the superfamily of tetraspan transmembrane protein encoding genes. Mutations in one LHFP-like gene result in deafness in humans and mice, and a second LHFP-like gene is fused to a high-mobility group gene in a translocation-associated lipoma. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RGMA | repulsive guidance molecule family member a|This gene encodes a member of the repulsive guidance molecule family. The encoded protein is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that functions as an axon guidance protein in the developing and adult central nervous system. This protein may also function as a tumor suppressor in some cancers. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| UTF1 | undifferentiated embryonic cell transcription factor 1| |
| ENPEP | glutamyl aminopeptidase (aminopeptidase A)| |
| TLL2 | tolloid-like 2|This gene encodes an astacin-like zinc-dependent metalloprotease and is a subfamily member of the metzincin family. Unlike other family members, a similar protein in mice does not cleave procollagen C-propeptides or chordin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AKR7A3 | aldo-keto reductase family 7, member A3 (aflatoxin aldehyde reductase)|Aldo-keto reductases, such as AKR7A3, are involved in the detoxification of aldehydes and ketones.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| WFDC5 | WAP four-disulfide core domain 5|This gene encodes a member of the WAP-type four-disulfide core (WFDC) domain family. Most WFDC proteins contain only one WFDC domain, and this encoded protein contains two WFDC domains. The WFDC domain, or WAP signature motif, contains eight cysteines forming four disulfide bonds at the core of the protein, and functions as a protease inhibitor. Most WFDC gene members are localized to chromosome 20q12-q13 in two clusters: centromeric and telomeric. This gene belongs to the centromeric cluster. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GRM8 | glutamate receptor, metabotropic 8|L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in most aspects of normal brain function and can be perturbed in many neuropathologic conditions. The metabotropic glutamate receptors are a family of G protein-coupled receptors, that have been divided into 3 groups on the basis of sequence homology, putative signal transduction mechanisms, and pharmacologic properties. Group I includes GRM1 and GRM5 and these receptors have been shown to activate phospholipase C. Group II includes GRM2 and GRM3 while Group III includes GRM4, GRM6, GRM7 and GRM8. Group II and III receptors are linked to the inhibition of the cyclic AMP cascade but differ in their agonist selectivities. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NR2F6 | nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 6| |
| NR2F1 | nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear hormone receptor and transcriptional regulator. The encoded protein acts as a homodimer and binds to 5'-AGGTCA-3' repeats. Defects in this gene are a cause of Bosch-Boonstra optic atrophy syndrome (BBOAS). [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| FAM110C | family with sequence similarity 110, member C| |
| SLC7A8 | solute carrier family 7 (amino acid transporter light chain, L system), member 8| |
| NR2F2 | nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 2|This gene encodes a member of the steroid thyroid hormone superfamily of nuclear receptors. The encoded protein is a ligand inducible transcription factor that is involved in the regulation of many different genes. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| FAM110B | family with sequence similarity 110, member B| |
| POLR2K | polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide K, 7.0kDa|This gene encodes one of the smallest subunits of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. This subunit is shared by the other two DNA-directed RNA polymerases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RIMS4 | regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 4| |
| ELL2 | elongation factor, RNA polymerase II, 2| |
| BHLHB9 | basic helix-loop-helix domain containing, class B, 9|This gene is a member of a gene family which encodes proteins with a basic helix-loop-helix domain. Other members of this gene family encode proteins which function as transcription factors, either enhancing or inhibiting transcription depending on the activity of other DNA binding proteins. The coding region of this gene is located entirely within the terminal exon. The encoded protein may be involved in the survival of neurons (PMID: 15034937). Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| KIF21A | kinesin family member 21A|This gene encodes a member of the KIF4 subfamily of kinesin-like motor proteins. The encoded protein is characterized by an N-terminal motor domain a coiled-coil stalk domain and a C-terminal WD-40 repeat domain. This protein may be involved in microtubule dependent transport. Mutations in this gene are the cause of congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles-1. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| RIMS1 | regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a RAS gene superfamily member that regulates synaptic vesicle exocytosis. This gene also plays a role in the regulation of voltage-gated calcium channels during neurotransmitter and insulin release. Mutations have suggested a role cognition and have been identified as the cause of cone-rod dystrophy type 7. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| RIMS2 | regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 2| |
| KIF21B | kinesin family member 21B|This gene encodes a member of the kinesin superfamily. Kinesins are ATP-dependent microtubule-based motor proteins that are involved in the intracellular transport of membranous organelles. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene are associated with inflammatory bowel disease and multiple sclerosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| INHA | inhibin, alpha|This gene encodes the alpha subunit of inhibins A and B protein complexes. These complexes negatively regulate follicle stimulating hormone secretion from the pituitary gland. Inhibins have also been implicated in regulating numerous cellular processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, immune response and hormone secretion.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| GRID1 | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, delta 1|This gene encodes a subunit of glutamate receptor channels. These channels mediate most of the fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system and play key roles in synaptic plasticity.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| GRID2 | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, delta 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the family of ionotropic glutamate receptors which are the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain. The encoded protein is a multi-pass membrane protein that is expressed selectively in cerebellar Purkinje cells. A point mutation in the mouse ortholog, associated with the phenotype named 'lurcher', in the heterozygous state leads to ataxia resulting from selective, cell-autonomous apoptosis of cerebellar Purkinje cells during postnatal development. Mice homozygous for this mutation die shortly after birth from massive loss of mid- and hindbrain neurons during late embryogenesis. This protein also plays a role in synapse organization between parallel fibers and Purkinje cells. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Mutations in this gene cause cerebellar ataxia in humans. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| PAFAH2 | platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase 2, 40kDa|This gene encodes platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase isoform 2, a single-subunit intracellular enzyme that catalyzes the removal of the acetyl group at the SN-2 position of platelet-activating factor (identified as 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine). However, this lipase exhibits a broader substrate specificity than simply platelet activating factor. Two other isoforms of intracellular platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase exist, and both are multi-subunit enzymes. Additionally, there is a single-subunit serum isoform of this enzyme. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CEP41 | centrosomal protein 41kDa|This gene encodes a centrosomal and microtubule-binding protein which is predicted to have two coiled-coil domains and a rhodanese domain. In human retinal pigment epithelial cells the protein localized to centrioles and cilia. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Joubert Syndrome 15; an autosomal recessive ciliopathy and neurological disorder. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| MCAM | melanoma cell adhesion molecule| |
| MCAT | malonyl CoA:ACP acyltransferase (mitochondrial)|The protein encoded by this gene is found exclusively in the mitochondrion, where it catalyzes the transfer of a malonyl group from malonyl-CoA to the mitochondrial acyl carrier protein. The encoded protein may be part of a fatty acid synthase complex that is more like the type II prokaryotic and plastid complexes rather than the type I human cytosolic complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| ST7L | suppression of tumorigenicity 7 like|This gene was identified by its similarity to the ST7 tumor suppressor gene found in the chromosome 7q31 region. This gene is clustered in a tail-to-tail manner with the WNT2B gene in a chromosomal region known to be deleted and rearranged in a variety of cancers. Several transcript variants encoding many different isoforms have been described, but some have not been fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| HCRT | hypocretin (orexin) neuropeptide precursor|This gene encodes a hypothalamic neuropeptide precursor protein that gives rise to two mature neuropeptides, orexin A and orexin B, by proteolytic processing. Orexin A and orexin B, which bind to orphan G-protein coupled receptors HCRTR1 and HCRTR2, function in the regulation of sleep and arousal. This neuropeptide arrangement may also play a role in feeding behavior, metabolism, and homeostasis. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| CYP2C9 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 9|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and its expression is induced by rifampin. The enzyme is known to metabolize many xenobiotics, including phenytoin, tolbutamide, ibuprofen and S-warfarin. Studies identifying individuals who are poor metabolizers of phenytoin and tolbutamide suggest that this gene is polymorphic. The gene is located within a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes on chromosome 10q24. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CYP2C8 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 8|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and its expression is induced by phenobarbital. The enzyme is known to metabolize many xenobiotics, including the anticonvulsive drug mephenytoin, benzo(a)pyrene, 7-ethyoxycoumarin, and the anti-cancer drug taxol. This gene is located within a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes on chromosome 10q24. Several transcript variants encoding a few different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| TAGLN3 | transgelin 3| |
| GPHA2 | glycoprotein hormone alpha 2|GPHA2 is a cystine knot-forming polypeptide and a subunit of the dimeric glycoprotein hormone family (Hsu et al., 2002 [PubMed 12089349]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| UPK3BL | uroplakin 3B-like| |
| APOBEC3G | apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G|This gene is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. It is one of seven related genes or pseudogenes found in a cluster, thought to result from gene duplication, on chromosome 22. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. It is thought that the proteins may be RNA editing enzymes and have roles in growth or cell cycle control. The protein encoded by this gene has been found to be a specific inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infectivity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| APOBEC3F | apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3F|This gene is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. It is one of seven related genes or pseudogenes found in a cluster, thought to result from gene duplication, on chromosome 22. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. It is thought that the proteins may be RNA editing enzymes and have roles in growth or cell cycle control. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| APOBEC3A | apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3A|This gene is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. It is one of seven related genes or pseudogenes found in a cluster, thought to result from gene duplication, on chromosome 22. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. The protein encoded by this gene lacks the zinc binding activity of other family members. The protein plays a role in immunity, by restricting transmission of foreign DNA such as viruses. One mechanism of foreign DNA restriction is deamination of foreign double-stranded DNA cytidines to uridines, which leads to DNA degradation. However, other mechanisms are also thought to be involved, as anti-viral effect is not dependent on deaminase activity. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| APOBEC3C | apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3C|This gene is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. It is one of seven related genes or pseudogenes found in a cluster thought to result from gene duplication, on chromosome 22. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. It is thought that the proteins may be RNA editing enzymes and have roles in growth or cell cycle control. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| APOBEC3B | apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3B|This gene is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. It is one of seven related genes or pseudogenes found in a cluster, thought to result from gene duplication, on chromosome 22. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. It is thought that the proteins may be RNA editing enzymes and have roles in growth or cell cycle control. A hybrid gene results from the deletion of approximately 29.5 kb of sequence between this gene, APOBEC3B, and the adjacent gene APOBEC3A. The breakpoints of the deletion are within the two genes, so the deletion allele is predicted to have the promoter and coding region of APOBEC3A, but the 3' UTR of APOBEC3B. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| HSPE1 | heat shock 10kDa protein 1|This gene encodes a major heat shock protein which functions as a chaperonin. Its structure consists of a heptameric ring which binds to another heat shock protein in order to form a symmetric, functional heterodimer which enhances protein folding in an ATP-dependent manner. This gene and its co-chaperonin, HSPD1, are arranged in a head-to-head orientation on chromosome 2. Naturally occurring read-through transcription occurs between this locus and the neighboring locus MOBKL3.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| C10orf62 | chromosome 10 open reading frame 62| |
| PRKD1 | protein kinase D1|PRKD1 is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates a variety of cellular functions, including membrane receptor signaling, transport at the Golgi, protection from oxidative stress at the mitochondria, gene transcription, and regulation of cell shape, motility, and adhesion (summary by Eiseler et al., 2009 [PubMed 19329994]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| PRKD2 | protein kinase D2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the protein kinase D (PKD) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. This kinase can be activated by phorbol esters as well as by gastrin via the cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR) in gastric cancer cells. It can bind to diacylglycerol (DAG) in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and may regulate basolateral membrane protein exit from TGN. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRKD3 | protein kinase D3|This gene belongs to the multigene protein kinase D family of serine/threonine kinases, which bind diacylglycerol and phorbol esters. Members of this family are characterized by an N-terminal regulatory domain comprised of a tandem repeat of cysteine-rich zinc-finger motifs and a pleckstrin domain. The C-terminal region contains the catalytic domain and is distantly related to calcium-regulated kinases. Catalytic activity of this enzyme promotes its nuclear localization. This protein has been implicated in a variety of functions including negative regulation of human airway epithelial barrier formation, growth regulation of breast and prostate cancer cells, and vesicle trafficking. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| CTTN | cortactin|This gene is overexpressed in breast cancer and squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. The encoded protein is localized in the cytoplasm and in areas of the cell-substratum contacts. This gene has two roles: (1) regulating the interactions between components of adherens-type junctions and (2) organizing the cytoskeleton and cell adhesion structures of epithelia and carcinoma cells. During apoptosis, the encoded protein is degraded in a caspase-dependent manner. The aberrant regulation of this gene contributes to tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Three splice variants that encode different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| DHFR | dihydrofolate reductase|Dihydrofolate reductase converts dihydrofolate into tetrahydrofolate, a methyl group shuttle required for the de novo synthesis of purines, thymidylic acid, and certain amino acids. While the functional dihydrofolate reductase gene has been mapped to chromosome 5, multiple intronless processed pseudogenes or dihydrofolate reductase-like genes have been identified on separate chromosomes. Dihydrofolate reductase deficiency has been linked to megaloblastic anemia. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| PLCG2 | phospholipase C, gamma 2 (phosphatidylinositol-specific)|The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane signaling enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate to 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) using calcium as a cofactor. IP3 and DAG are second messenger molecules important for transmitting signals from growth factor receptors and immune system receptors across the cell membrane. Mutations in this gene have been found in autoinflammation, antibody deficiency, and immune dysregulation syndrome and familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome 3. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| PLCG1 | phospholipase C, gamma 1|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. This reaction uses calcium as a cofactor and plays an important role in the intracellular transduction of receptor-mediated tyrosine kinase activators. For example, when activated by SRC, the encoded protein causes the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor RasGRP1 to translocate to the Golgi, where it activates Ras. Also, this protein has been shown to be a major substrate for heparin-binding growth factor 1 (acidic fibroblast growth factor)-activated tyrosine kinase. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BSND | barttin CLCNK-type chloride channel accessory beta subunit|This gene encodes an essential beta subunit for CLC chloride channels. These heteromeric channels localize to basolateral membranes of renal tubules and of potassium-secreting epithelia of the inner ear. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Bartter syndrome with sensorineural deafness. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| USP50 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 50| |
| ZMYND8 | zinc finger, MYND-type containing 8|The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for activated C-kinase (RACK) protein. The encoded protein has been shown to bind in vitro to activated protein kinase C beta I. In addition, this protein is a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-associated antigen. Finally, the protein contains a bromodomain and two zinc fingers, and is thought to be a transcriptional regulator. Multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GIPR | gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor|This gene encodes a G-protein coupled receptor for gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), which was originally identified as an activity in gut extracts that inhibited gastric acid secretion and gastrin release, but subsequently was demonstrated to stimulate insulin release in the presence of elevated glucose. Mice lacking this gene exhibit higher blood glucose levels with impaired initial insulin response after oral glucose load. Defect in this gene thus may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| EIF2S1 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, subunit 1 alpha, 35kDa|The translation initiation factor EIF2 catalyzes the first regulated step of protein synthesis initiation, promoting the binding of the initiator tRNA to 40S ribosomal subunits. Binding occurs as a ternary complex of methionyl-tRNA, EIF2, and GTP. EIF2 is composed of 3 nonidentical subunits, the 36-kD EIF2-alpha subunit (EIF2S1), the 38-kD EIF2-beta subunit (EIF2S2; MIM 603908), and the 52-kD EIF2-gamma subunit (EIF2S3; MIM 300161). The rate of formation of the ternary complex is modulated by the phosphorylation state of EIF2-alpha (Ernst et al., 1987 [PubMed 2948954]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2010] |
| EIF2S3 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, subunit 3 gamma, 52kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is the largest subunit of a heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein involved in the recruitment of methionyl-tRNA(i) to the 40 S ribosomal subunit. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| EIF2S2 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, subunit 2 beta, 38kDa|Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (EIF-2) functions in the early steps of protein synthesis by forming a ternary complex with GTP and initiator tRNA and binding to a 40S ribosomal subunit. EIF-2 is composed of three subunits, alpha, beta, and gamma, with the protein encoded by this gene representing the beta subunit. The beta subunit catalyzes the exchange of GDP for GTP, which recycles the EIF-2 complex for another round of initiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LPIN2 | lipin 2|Mouse studies suggest that this gene functions during normal adipose tissue development and may play a role in human triglyceride metabolism. This gene represents a candidate gene for human lipodystrophy, characterized by loss of body fat, fatty liver, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LPIN3 | lipin 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the lipin family of proteins, and all family members share strong homology in their C-terminal region. This protein is thought to form hetero-oligomers with other lipin family members, while one family member, lipin 1, can also form homo-oligomers. This protein contains conserved motifs for phosphatidate phosphatase 1 (PAP1) activity as well as a domain that interacts with a transcriptional co-activator. Lipin complexes act in the cytoplasm to catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid to produce diacylglycerol, which is the precursor of both triglycerides and phospholipids. Lipin complexes are also thought to regulate gene expression as transcriptional co-activators in the nucleus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| LPIN1 | lipin 1|This gene encodes a magnesium-ion-dependent phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the penultimate step in triglyceride synthesis including the dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid to yield diacylglycerol. Expression of this gene is required for adipocyte differentiation and it also functions as a nuclear transcriptional coactivator with some peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors to modulate expression of other genes involved in lipid metabolism. Mutations in this gene are associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and autosomal recessive acute recurrent myoglobinuria (ARARM). This gene is also a candidate for several human lipodystrophy syndromes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Additional splice variants have been described but their full-length structures have not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| PTPN20B | protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 20|The product of this gene belongs to the family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases. Many protein tyrosine phosphatases have been shown to regulate fundamental cellular processes. The encoded protein appears to be targeted to sites of actin polymerization. A pseudogene of this gene has been defined on chromosome 10. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| KLHL41 | kelch-like family member 41|This gene is a member of the kelch-like family. The encoded protein contains a BACK domain, a BTB/POZ domain, and 5 Kelch repeats. This protein is thought to function in skeletal muscle development and maintenance. Mutations in this gene have been associated with nemaline myopathy (NM), a rare congenital muscle disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015] |
| KLF7 | Kruppel-like factor 7 (ubiquitous)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Kruppel-like transcriptional regulator family. Members in this family regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and survival and contain three C2H2 zinc fingers at the C-terminus that mediate binding to GC-rich sites. This protein may contribute to the progression of type 2 diabetes by inhibiting insulin expression and secretion in pancreatic beta-cells and by deregulating adipocytokine secretion in adipocytes. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 3. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| KLF6 | Kruppel-like factor 6|This gene encodes a member of the Kruppel-like family of transcription factors. The zinc finger protein is a transcriptional activator, and functions as a tumor suppressor. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, some of which are implicated in carcinogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| KLF5 | Kruppel-like factor 5 (intestinal)|This gene encodes a member of the Kruppel-like factor subfamily of zinc finger proteins. The encoded protein is a transcriptional activator that binds directly to a specific recognition motif in the promoters of target genes. This protein acts downstream of multiple different signaling pathways and is regulated by post-translational modification. It may participate in both promoting and suppressing cell proliferation. Expression of this gene may be changed in a variety of different cancers and in cardiovascular disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| KLF4 | Kruppel-like factor 4 (gut)| |
| KLF3 | Kruppel-like factor 3 (basic)| |
| KLF2 | Kruppel-like factor 2|Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of broadly expressed zinc finger transcription factors. KLF2 regulates T-cell trafficking by promoting expression of the lipid-binding receptor S1P1 (S1PR1; MIM 601974) and the selectin CD62L (SELL; MIM 153240) (summary by Weinreich et al., 2009 [PubMed 19592277]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2011] |
| KLF1 | Kruppel-like factor 1 (erythroid)|This gene encodes a hematopoietic-specific transcription factor that induces high-level expression of adult beta-globin and other erythroid genes. The zinc-finger protein binds to the DNA sequence CCACACCCT found in the beta hemoglobin promoter. Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in this gene result in the dominant In(Lu) blood phenotype. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| TMEM222 | transmembrane protein 222| |
| TMEM223 | transmembrane protein 223| |
| N4BP1 | NEDD4 binding protein 1| |
| KLF9 | Kruppel-like factor 9|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that binds to GC box elements located in the promoter. Binding of the encoded protein to a single GC box inhibits mRNA expression while binding to tandemly repeated GC box elements activates transcription. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EFR3B | EFR3 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)| |
| HEATR6 | HEAT repeat containing 6| |
| HEATR4 | HEAT repeat containing 4| |
| EXTL3 | exostosin-like glycosyltransferase 3|This gene encodes a single-pass membrane protein which functions as a glycosyltransferase. The encoded protein catalyzes the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine to glycosaminoglycan chains. This reaction is important in heparin and heparan sulfate synthesis. Alternative splicing results in the multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| SLC7A5 | solute carrier family 7 (amino acid transporter light chain, L system), member 5| |
| MCTS1 | malignant T cell amplified sequence 1| |
| HEATR1 | HEAT repeat containing 1| |
| FAM189B | family with sequence similarity 189, member B|This gene is located near the gene for the lysosomal enzyme glucosylceramidase; a deficiency in this enzyme is associated with Gaucher disease. The encoded protein has been identified as a potential binding partner of a WW domain-containing protein which is involved in apoptosis and tumor suppression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| APH1B | APH1B gamma secretase subunit|This gene encodes a multi-pass transmembrane protein that is a functional component of the gamma-secretase complex, which also contains presenilin and nicastrin. This protein represents a stabilizing cofactor for the presenilin holoprotein in the complex. The gamma-secretase complex catalyzes the cleavage of integral proteins such as notch receptors and beta-amyloid precursor protein. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| REST | RE1-silencing transcription factor|This gene encodes a transcriptional repressor that represses neuronal genes in non-neuronal tissues. It is a member of the Kruppel-type zinc finger transcription factor family. It represses transcription by binding a DNA sequence element called the neuron-restrictive silencer element. The protein is also found in undifferentiated neuronal progenitor cells and it is thought that this repressor may act as a master negative regular of neurogenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| ADAM2 | ADAM metallopeptidase domain 2|This gene encodes a member of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain) family. Members of this family are membrane-anchored proteins structurally related to snake venom disintegrins, and have been implicated in a variety of biological processes involving cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, including fertilization, muscle development, and neurogenesis. The encoded protein is a subunit of an integral sperm membrane glycoprotein called fertilin, which plays an important role in sperm-egg interactions. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| GANC | glucosidase, alpha; neutral C|Glycosyl hydrolase enzymes hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. This gene encodes a member of glycosyl hydrolases family 31. This enzyme hydrolyses terminal, non-reducing 1,4-linked alpha-D-glucose residues and releases alpha-D-glucose. This is a key enzyme in glycogen metabolism and its gene localizes to a chromosomal region (15q15) that is associated with susceptibility to diabetes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014] |
| TPH2 | tryptophan hydroxylase 2|This gene encodes a member of the pterin-dependent aromatic acid hydroxylase family. The encoded protein catalyzes the first and rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of serotonin, an important hormone and neurotransmitter. The human genome contains two related tryptophan hydroxylases, one on chromosome 11p15-p14 and one on chromosome 12q21. This gene is expressed predominantly in the brain stem. Mutations in this gene may be associated with psychiatric diseases such as bipolar affective disorder and major depression. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SFSWAP | splicing factor, suppressor of white-apricot family|This gene encodes a human homolog of Drosophila splicing regulatory protein. This gene autoregulates its expression by control of splicing of its first two introns. In addition, it also regulates the splicing of fibronectin and CD45 genes. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| BATF3 | basic leucine zipper transcription factor, ATF-like 3|This gene encodes a member of the basic leucine zipper protein family. The encoded protein functions as a transcriptional repressor when heterodimerizing with JUN. The protein may play a role in repression of interleukin-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-1 transcription.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| KLHDC7B | kelch domain containing 7B| |
| GAGE7 | G antigen 7| |
| DEDD | death effector domain containing|This gene encodes a protein that contains a death effector domain (DED). DED is a protein-protein interaction domain shared by adaptors, regulators and executors of the programmed cell death pathway. Overexpression of this gene was shown to induce weak apoptosis. Upon stimulation, this protein was found to translocate from cytoplasm to nucleus and colocalize with UBTF, a basal factor required for RNA polymerase I transcription, in the nucleolus. At least three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| POU1F1 | POU class 1 homeobox 1|This gene encodes a member of the POU family of transcription factors that regulate mammalian development. The protein regulates expression of several genes involved in pituitary development and hormone expression. Mutations in this genes result in combined pituitary hormone deficiency. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PHF21A | PHD finger protein 21A|The PHF21A gene encodes BHC80, a component of a BRAF35 (MIM 605535)/histone deacetylase (HDAC; see MIM 601241) complex (BHC) that mediates repression of neuron-specific genes through the cis-regulatory element known as repressor element-1 (RE1) or neural restrictive silencer (NRS) (Hakimi et al., 2002 [PubMed 12032298]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| NPY | neuropeptide Y|This gene encodes a neuropeptide that is widely expressed in the central nervous system and influences many physiological processes, including cortical excitability, stress response, food intake, circadian rhythms, and cardiovascular function. The neuropeptide functions through G protein-coupled receptors to inhibit adenylyl cyclase, activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), regulate intracellular calcium levels, and activate potassium channels. A polymorphism in this gene resulting in a change of leucine 7 to proline in the signal peptide is associated with elevated cholesterol levels, higher alcohol consumption, and may be a risk factor for various metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The protein also exhibits antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| KLRK1 | killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily K, member 1|Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. They can also regulate specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity. NK cells preferentially express several calcium-dependent (C-type) lectins, which have been implicated in the regulation of NK cell function. The NKG2 gene family is located within the NK complex, a region that contains several C-type lectin genes preferentially expressed in NK cells. This gene encodes a member of the NKG2 family. The encoded transmembrane protein is characterized by a type II membrane orientation (has an extracellular C terminus) and the presence of a C-type lectin domain. It binds to a diverse family of ligands that include MHC class I chain-related A and B proteins and UL-16 binding proteins, where ligand-receptor interactions can result in the activation of NK and T cells. The surface expression of these ligands is important for the recognition of stressed cells by the immune system, and thus this protein and its ligands are therapeutic targets for the treatment of immune diseases and cancers. Read-through transcription exists between this gene and the upstream KLRC4 (killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 4) family member in the same cluster. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| MUSTN1 | musculoskeletal, embryonic nuclear protein 1| |
| CCNA1 | cyclin A1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. The cyclin encoded by this gene was shown to be expressed in testis and brain, as well as in several leukemic cell lines, and is thought to primarily function in the control of the germline meiotic cell cycle. This cyclin binds both CDK2 and CDC2 kinases, which give two distinct kinase activities, one appearing in S phase, the other in G2, and thus regulate separate functions in cell cycle. This cyclin was found to bind to important cell cycle regulators, such as Rb family proteins, transcription factor E2F-1, and the p21 family proteins. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NUP35 | nucleoporin 35kDa|This gene encodes a member of the nucleoporin family. The encoded protein contains two membrane binding regions, is localized to the nuclear rim, and is part of the nuclear pore complex. All molecules entering or leaving the nucleus either diffuse through or are actively transported by the nuclear pore complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene have been defined on chromosomes 7 and 10. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| NUP37 | nucleoporin 37kDa|Bidirectional transport of macromolecules between the cytoplasm and nucleus occurs through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) embedded in the nuclear envelope. NPCs are composed of subcomplexes, and NUP37 is part of one such subcomplex, Nup107-160 (Loiodice et al., 2004 [PubMed 15146057]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MAP3K10 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 10|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the serine/threonine kinase family. This kinase has been shown to activate MAPK8/JNK and MKK4/SEK1, and this kinase itself can be phoshorylated, and thus activated by JNK kinases. This kinase functions preferentially on the JNK signaling pathway, and is reported to be involved in nerve growth factor (NGF) induced neuronal apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF544 | zinc finger protein 544| |
| MAP3K12 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 12|This gene encodes a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. This kinase contains a leucine-zipper domain and is predominately expressed in neuronal cells. The phosphorylation state of this kinase in synaptic terminals was shown to be regulated by membrane depolarization via calcineurin. This kinase forms heterodimers with leucine zipper containing transcription factors, such as cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) and MYC, and thus may play a regulatory role in PKA or retinoic acid induced neuronal differentiation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different proteins have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| MAP3K13 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 13|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of serine/threonine protein kinase family. This kinase contains a dual leucine-zipper motif, and has been shown to form dimers/oligomers through its leucine-zipper motif. This kinase can phosphorylate and activate MAPK8/JNK, MAP2K7/MKK7, which suggests a role in the JNK signaling pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAP3K14 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14|This gene encodes mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14, which is a serine/threonine protein-kinase. This kinase binds to TRAF2 and stimulates NF-kappaB activity. It shares sequence similarity with several other MAPKK kinases. It participates in an NF-kappaB-inducing signalling cascade common to receptors of the tumour-necrosis/nerve-growth factor (TNF/NGF) family and to the interleukin-1 type-I receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF540 | zinc finger protein 540| |
| ZNF543 | zinc finger protein 543| |
| SLC1A4 | solute carrier family 1 (glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter), member 4| |
| SLC1A5 | solute carrier family 1 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 5|The SLC1A5 gene encodes a sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter that can act as a receptor for RD114/type D retrovirus (Larriba et al., 2001 [PubMed 11781704]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2011] |
| CYP11B1 | cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the mitochondrial inner membrane and is involved in the conversion of progesterone to cortisol in the adrenal cortex. Mutations in this gene cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency. Transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC1A7 | solute carrier family 1 (glutamate transporter), member 7| |
| ZNF549 | zinc finger protein 549| |
| STXBP5L | syntaxin binding protein 5-like| |
| FUCA2 | fucosidase, alpha-L- 2, plasma|This gene encodes a plasma alpha-L-fucosidase, which represents 10-20% of the total cellular fucosidase activity. The protein is a member of the glycosyl hydrolase 29 family, and catalyzes the hydrolysis of the alpha-1,6-linked fucose joined to the reducing-end N-acetylglucosamine of the carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins. This enzyme is essential for Helicobacter pylori adhesion to human gastric cancer cells. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| SLC1A3 | solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3|This gene encodes a member of a member of a high affinity glutamate transporter family. This gene functions in the termination of excitatory neurotransmission in central nervous system. Mutations are associated with episodic ataxia, Type 6. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| SYCP2L | synaptonemal complex protein 2-like| |
| DYNC1I2 | dynein, cytoplasmic 1, intermediate chain 2|This gene encodes a member of the dynein intermediate chain family. The encoded protein is a non-catalytic component of the cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex, which acts as a retrograde microtubule motor to transport organelles and vesicles. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 10. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| ATP13A4 | ATPase type 13A4| |
| DHTKD1 | dehydrogenase E1 and transketolase domain containing 1|This gene encodes a component of a mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate-dehydrogenase-complex-like protein involved in the degradation pathways of several amino acids, including lysine. Mutations in this gene are associated with 2-aminoadipic 2-oxoadipic aciduria and Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 2Q. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| OSBPL1A | oxysterol binding protein-like 1A|This gene encodes a member of the oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) family, a group of intracellular lipid receptors. Most members contain an N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain and a highly conserved C-terminal OSBP-like sterol-binding domain, although some members contain only the sterol-binding domain. Transcript variants derived from alternative promoter usage and/or alternative splicing exist; they encode different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SOST | sclerostin|Sclerostin is a secreted glycoprotein with a C-terminal cysteine knot-like (CTCK) domain and sequence similarity to the DAN (differential screening-selected gene aberrative in neuroblastoma) family of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists. Loss-of-function mutations in this gene are associated with an autosomal-recessive disorder, sclerosteosis, which causes progressive bone overgrowth. A deletion downstream of this gene, which causes reduced sclerostin expression, is associated with a milder form of the disorder called van Buchem disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DCTPP1 | dCTP pyrophosphatase 1| |
| IKBKG | inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase gamma|This gene encodes the regulatory subunit of the inhibitor of kappaB kinase (IKK) complex, which activates NF-kappaB resulting in activation of genes involved in inflammation, immunity, cell survival, and other pathways. Mutations in this gene result in incontinentia pigmenti, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, and several other types of immunodeficiencies. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. A pseudogene highly similar to this locus is located in an adjacent region of the X chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| FCGR1A | Fc fragment of IgG, high affinity Ia, receptor (CD64)|This gene encodes a protein that plays an important role in the immune response. This protein is a high-affinity Fc-gamma receptor. The gene is one of three related gene family members located on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IKBKE | inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase epsilon|IKBKE is a noncanonical I-kappa-B (see MIM 164008) kinase (IKK) that is essential for regulating antiviral signaling pathways. IKBKE has also been identified as a breast cancer (MIM 114480) oncogene and is amplified and overexpressed in over 30% of breast carcinomas and breast cancer cell lines (Hutti et al., 2009 [PubMed 19481526]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009] |
| SPIN3 | spindlin family, member 3| |
| ENTHD2 | ENTH domain containing 2| |
| MICA | MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A|This gene encodes the highly polymorphic major histocompatability complex class I chain-related protein A. The protein product is expressed on the cell surface, although unlike canonical class I molecules it does not seem to associate with beta-2-microglobulin. It is a ligand for the NKG2-D type II integral membrane protein receptor. The protein functions as a stress-induced antigen that is broadly recognized by intestinal epithelial gamma delta T cells. Variations in this gene have been associated with susceptibility to psoriasis 1 and psoriatic arthritis, and the shedding of MICA-related antibodies and ligands is involved in the progression from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| GNL3 | guanine nucleotide binding protein-like 3 (nucleolar)|The protein encoded by this gene may interact with p53 and may be involved in tumorigenesis. The encoded protein also appears to be important for stem cell proliferation. This protein is found in both the nucleus and nucleolus. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| GNL2 | guanine nucleotide binding protein-like 2 (nucleolar)| |
| GNL1 | guanine nucleotide binding protein-like 1|The GNL1 gene, identified in the human major histocompatibility complex class I region, shows a high degree of similarity with its mouse counterpart. The GNL1 gene is located less than 2 kb centromeric to HLA-E, in the same transcriptional orientation. GNL1 is telomeric to HLA-B and HLA-C. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RARB | retinoic acid receptor, beta|This gene encodes retinoic acid receptor beta, a member of the thyroid-steroid hormone receptor superfamily of nuclear transcriptional regulators. This receptor localizes to the cytoplasm and to subnuclear compartments. It binds retinoic acid, the biologically active form of vitamin A which mediates cellular signalling in embryonic morphogenesis, cell growth and differentiation. It is thought that this protein limits growth of many cell types by regulating gene expression. The gene was first identified in a hepatocellular carcinoma where it flanks a hepatitis B virus integration site. Alternate promoter usage and differential splicing result in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| RARG | retinoic acid receptor, gamma|This gene encodes a retinoic acid receptor that belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) act as ligand-dependent transcriptional regulators. When bound to ligands, RARs activate transcription by binding as heterodimers to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) found in the promoter regions of the target genes. In their unbound form, RARs repress transcription of their target genes. RARs are involved in various biological processes, including limb bud development, skeletal growth, and matrix homeostasis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| DHRS9 | dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 9|This gene encodes a member of the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. This protein demonstrates oxidoreductase activity toward hydroxysteroids and is able to convert 3-alpha-tetrahydroprogesterone to dihydroxyprogesterone and 3-alpha-androstanediol to dihydroxyprogesterone in the cytoplasm, and may additionally function as a transcriptional repressor in the nucleus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| DHRS7 | dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 7|Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs), such as DHRS7, catalyze the oxidation/reduction of a wide range of substrates, including retinoids and steroids (Haeseleer and Palczewski, 2000 [PubMed 10800688]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009] |
| DHRS4 | dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 4| |
| DHRS2 | dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 2| |
| DHRS3 | dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 3|Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs), such as DHRS3, catalyze the oxidation/reduction of a wide range of substrates, including retinoids and steroids (Haeseleer and Palczewski, 2000 [PubMed 10800688]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009] |
| DHRS1 | dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 1|This gene encodes a member of the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. The encoded enzyme contains a conserved catalytic domain and likely functions as an oxidoreductase. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| RARS | arginyl-tRNA synthetase|Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA by their cognate amino acid. Because of their central role in linking amino acids with nucleotide triplets contained in tRNAs, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are thought to be among the first proteins that appeared in evolution. Arginyl-tRNA synthetase belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HNF1A | HNF1 homeobox A|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor required for the expression of several liver-specific genes. The encoded protein functions as a homodimer and binds to the inverted palindrome 5'-GTTAATNATTAAC-3'. Defects in this gene are a cause of maturity onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY3) and also can result in the appearance of hepatic adenomas. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| MIPEP | mitochondrial intermediate peptidase|The product of this gene performs the final step in processing a specific class of nuclear-encoded proteins targeted to the mitochondrial matrix or inner membrane. This protein is primarily involved in the maturation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-related proteins. This gene may contribute to the functional effects of frataxin deficiency and the clinical manifestations of Friedreich ataxia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RABIF | RAB interacting factor|This gene encodes a member of the SCE4/YPT1/RAB family of small GTP-binding proteins that are involved in the regulation of intracellular vesicular transport. This protein stimulates GTP-GDP exchange in SEC4, and to a lesser extent in YPT1 and RAB3A, and may play a general role in vesicular transport. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| DYRK1A | dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A|This gene encodes a member of the Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) family. This member contains a nuclear targeting signal sequence, a protein kinase domain, a leucine zipper motif, and a highly conservative 13-consecutive-histidine repeat. It catalyzes its autophosphorylation on serine/threonine and tyrosine residues. It may play a significant role in a signaling pathway regulating cell proliferation and may be involved in brain development. This gene is a homolog of Drosophila mnb (minibrain) gene and rat Dyrk gene. It is localized in the Down syndrome critical region of chromosome 21, and is considered to be a strong candidate gene for learning defects associated with Down syndrome. Alternative splicing of this gene generates several transcript variants differing from each other either in the 5' UTR or in the 3' coding region. These variants encode at least five different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DYRK1B | dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1B|This gene encodes a member of a family of nuclear-localized protein kinases. The encoded protein participates in the regulation of the cell cycle. Expression of this gene may be altered in tumor cells, and mutations in this gene were found to cause abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome 3. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| SIRPA | signal-regulatory protein alpha|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the signal-regulatory-protein (SIRP) family, and also belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. SIRP family members are receptor-type transmembrane glycoproteins known to be involved in the negative regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase-coupled signaling processes. This protein can be phosphorylated by tyrosine kinases. The phospho-tyrosine residues of this PTP have been shown to recruit SH2 domain containing tyrosine phosphatases (PTP), and serve as substrates of PTPs. This protein was found to participate in signal transduction mediated by various growth factor receptors. CD47 has been demonstrated to be a ligand for this receptor protein. This gene and its product share very high similarity with several other members of the SIRP family. These related genes are located in close proximity to each other on chromosome 20p13. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been determined for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAPK3 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases, also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), act in a signaling cascade that regulates various cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and cell cycle progression in response to a variety of extracellular signals. This kinase is activated by upstream kinases, resulting in its translocation to the nucleus where it phosphorylates nuclear targets. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NABP1 | nucleic acid binding protein 1|Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding proteins, such as OBFC2A, are ubiquitous and essential for a variety of DNA metabolic processes, including replication, recombination, and detection and repair of damage (Richard et al., 2008 [PubMed 18449195]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2008] |
| CCNL1 | cyclin L1| |
| JAKMIP2 | janus kinase and microtubule interacting protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene is reported to be a component of the Golgi matrix. It may act as a golgin protein by negatively regulating transit of secretory cargo and by acting as a structural scaffold of the Golgi. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| JAKMIP1 | janus kinase and microtubule interacting protein 1| |
| CCNL2 | cyclin L2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cyclin family. Through its interaction with several proteins, such as RNA polymerase II, splicing factors, and cyclin-dependent kinases, this protein functions as a regulator of the pre-mRNA splicing process, as well as in inducing apoptosis by modulating the expression of apoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| DHRSX | dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) X-linked| |
| TPO | thyroid peroxidase|This gene encodes a membrane-bound glycoprotein. The encoded protein acts as an enzyme and plays a central role in thyroid gland function. The protein functions in the iodination of tyrosine residues in thyroglobulin and phenoxy-ester formation between pairs of iodinated tyrosines to generate the thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Mutations in this gene are associated with several disorders of thyroid hormonogenesis, including congenital hypothyroidism, congenital goiter, and thyroid hormone organification defect IIA. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| SLIT2 | slit homolog 2 (Drosophila)| |
| GNLY | granulysin|The product of this gene is a member of the saposin-like protein (SAPLIP) family and is located in the cytotoxic granules of T cells, which are released upon antigen stimulation. This protein is present in cytotoxic granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, and it has antimicrobial activity against M. tuberculosis and other organisms. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCYT2 | phosphate cytidylyltransferase 2, ethanolamine|This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of CDP-ethanolamine from CTP and phosphoethanolamine in the Kennedy pathway of phospholipid synthesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| NOMO2 | NODAL modulator 2|This gene encodes a protein originally thought to be related to the collagenase gene family. This gene is one of three highly similar genes in a region of duplication located on the p arm of chromosome 16. These three genes encode closely related proteins that may have the same function. The protein encoded by one of these genes has been identified as part of a protein complex that participates in the Nodal signaling pathway during vertebrate development. Mutations in ABCC6, which is located nearby, rather than mutations in this gene are associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). Two transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NOMO3 | NODAL modulator 3|This gene encodes a protein originally thought to be related to the collagenase gene family. This gene is one of three highly similar genes in a duplicated region on the short arm of chromosome 16. These three genes encode closely related proteins that may have the same function. The protein encoded by one of these genes has been identified as part of a protein complex that participates in the Nodal signaling pathway during vertebrate development. Mutations in ABCC6, which is located nearby, rather than mutations in this gene are associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NOMO1 | NODAL modulator 1|This gene encodes a protein originally thought to be related to the collagenase gene family. This gene is one of three highly similar genes in a region of duplication located on the p arm of chromosome 16. These three genes encode closely related proteins that may have the same function. The protein encoded by one of these genes has been identified as part of a protein complex that participates in the Nodal signaling pathway during vertebrate development. Mutations in ABCC6, which is located nearby, rather than mutations in this gene are associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SMARCAL1 | SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a-like 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins. Members of this family have helicase and ATPase activities and are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein shows sequence similarity to the E. coli RNA polymerase-binding protein HepA. Mutations in this gene are a cause of Schimke immunoosseous dysplasia (SIOD), an autosomal recessive disorder with the diagnostic features of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, renal dysfunction, and T-cell immunodeficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IMPA1 | inositol(myo)-1(or 4)-monophosphatase 1|This gene encodes an enzyme that dephosphorylates myo-inositol monophosphate to generate free myo-inositol, a precursor of phosphatidylinositol, and is therefore an important modulator of intracellular signal transduction via the production of the second messengers myoinositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. This enzyme can also use myo-inositol-1,3-diphosphate, myo-inositol-1,4-diphosphate, scyllo-inositol-phosphate, glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-1-phosphate, beta-glycerophosphate, and 2'-AMP as substrates. This enzyme shows magnesium-dependent phosphatase activity and is inhibited by therapeutic concentrations of lithium. Inhibition of inositol monophosphate hydroylosis and subsequent depletion of inositol for phosphatidylinositol synthesis may explain the anti-manic and anti-depressive effects of lithium administered to treat bipolar disorder. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. A pseudogene of this gene is also present on chromosome 8q21.13. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| IMPA2 | inositol(myo)-1(or 4)-monophosphatase 2|This locus encodes an inositol monophosphatase. The encoded protein catalyzes the dephosphoylration of inositol monophosphate and plays an important role in phosphatidylinositol signaling. This locus may be associated with susceptibility to bipolar disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| MTFP1 | mitochondrial fission process 1|MTP18 is a mitochondrial protein and downstream target of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (see PIK3CA, MIM 171834) signaling pathway that plays a role in cell viability and mitochondrial dynamics (Tondera et al., 2004 [PubMed 15155745]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CCRN4L | CCR4 carbon catabolite repression 4-like (S. cerevisiae)|The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to Nocturnin, a gene identified as a circadian clock regulated gene in Xenopus laevis. This protein and Nocturnin protein share similarity with the C-terminal domain of a yeast transcription factor, carbon catabolite repression 4 (CCR4). The mRNA abundance of a similar gene in mouse has been shown to exhibit circadian rhythmicity, which suggests a role for this protein in clock function or as a circadian clock effector. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NMT2 | N-myristoyltransferase 2|This gene encodes one of two N-myristoyltransferase proteins. N-terminal myristoylation is a lipid modification that is involved in regulating the function and localization of signaling proteins. The encoded protein catalyzes the addition of a myristoyl group to the N-terminal glycine residue of many signaling proteins, including the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proteins, Gag and Nef. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| HRK | harakiri, BCL2 interacting protein|This gene encodes a member of the BCL-2 protein family. Members of this family are involved in activating or inhibiting apoptosis. The encoded protein localizes to intracellular membranes. This protein promotes apoptosis by interacting with the apoptotic inhibitors BCL-2 and BCL-X(L) via its BH3 domain. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| SNAI2 | snail family zinc finger 2|This gene encodes a member of the Snail family of C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factors. The encoded protein acts as a transcriptional repressor that binds to E-box motifs and is also likely to repress E-cadherin transcription in breast carcinoma. This protein is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transitions and has antiapoptotic activity. Mutations in this gene may be associated with sporatic cases of neural tube defects. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SNAI3 | snail family zinc finger 3|SNAI3 is a member of the SNAIL gene family, named for the Drosophila snail gene, which plays roles in mesodermal formation during embryogenesis (Katoh and Katoh, 2003 [PubMed 12579345]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2009] |
| KITLG | KIT ligand|This gene encodes the ligand of the tyrosine-kinase receptor encoded by the KIT locus. This ligand is a pleiotropic factor that acts in utero in germ cell and neural cell development, and hematopoiesis, all believed to reflect a role in cell migration. In adults, it functions pleiotropically, while mostly noted for its continued requirement in hematopoiesis. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SNAI1 | snail family zinc finger 1|The Drosophila embryonic protein snail is a zinc finger transcriptional repressor which downregulates the expression of ectodermal genes within the mesoderm. The nuclear protein encoded by this gene is structurally similar to the Drosophila snail protein, and is also thought to be critical for mesoderm formation in the developing embryo. At least two variants of a similar processed pseudogene have been found on chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HRC | histidine rich calcium binding protein|This gene encodes a luminal sarcoplasmic reticulum protein identified by its ability to bind low-density lipoprotein with high affinity. The protein interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of triadin, the main transmembrane protein of the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of skeletal muscle. The protein functions in the regulation of releasable calcium into the SR. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| OSBPL10 | oxysterol binding protein-like 10|This gene encodes a member of the oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) family, a group of intracellular lipid receptors. Like most members, the encoded protein contains an N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain and a highly conserved C-terminal OSBP-like sterol-binding domain. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| OSBPL11 | oxysterol binding protein-like 11|This gene encodes a member of the oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) family, a group of intracellular lipid receptors. Like most members, the encoded protein contains an N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain and a highly conserved C-terminal OSBP-like sterol-binding domain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRKRA | protein kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA dependent activator|This gene encodes a protein kinase activated by double-stranded RNA which mediates the effects of interferon in response to viral infection. Mutations in this gene have been associated with dystonia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| SLC2A8 | solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 8|This gene belongs to the solute carrier 2A family, which includes intracellular glucose transporters. Based on sequence comparison, the glucose transporters are grouped into three classes and this gene is a member of class II. The encoded protein, like other members of the family, contains several conserved residues and motifs and 12 transmembrane domains with both amino and carboxyl ends being on the cytosolic side of the membrane. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| PTGES3 | prostaglandin E synthase 3 (cytosolic)| |
| SLC2A6 | solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 6|Hexose transport into mammalian cells is catalyzed by a family of membrane proteins, including SLC2A6, that contain 12 transmembrane domains and a number of critical conserved residues.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002] |
| SLC2A5 | solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose/fructose transporter), member 5| |
| SLC2A4 | solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4|This gene is a member of the solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter) family and encodes a protein that functions as an insulin-regulated facilitative glucose transporter. In the absence of insulin, this integral membrane protein is sequestered within the cells of muscle and adipose tissue. Within minutes of insulin stimulation, the protein moves to the cell surface and begins to transport glucose across the cell membrane. Mutations in this gene have been associated with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC2A3 | solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 3| |
| SLC2A2 | solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2|This gene encodes an integral plasma membrane glycoprotein of the liver, islet beta cells, intestine, and kidney epithelium. The encoded protein mediates facilitated bidirectional glucose transport. Because of its low affinity for glucose, it has been suggested as a glucose sensor. Mutations in this gene are associated with susceptibility to diseases, including Fanconi-Bickel syndrome and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| SLC2A1 | solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1|This gene encodes a major glucose transporter in the mammalian blood-brain barrier. The encoded protein is found primarily in the cell membrane and on the cell surface, where it can also function as a receptor for human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) I and II. Mutations in this gene have been found in a family with paroxysmal exertion-induced dyskinesia. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2013] |
| ORM2 | orosomucoid 2|This gene encodes a key acute phase plasma protein. Because of its increase due to acute inflammation, this protein is classified as an acute-phase reactant. The specific function of this protein has not yet been determined; however, it may be involved in aspects of immunosuppression. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ECHS1 | enoyl CoA hydratase, short chain, 1, mitochondrial|The protein encoded by this gene functions in the second step of the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway. It catalyzes the hydration of 2-trans-enoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) intermediates to L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoAs. The gene product is a member of the hydratase/isomerase superfamily. It localizes to the mitochondrial matrix. Transcript variants utilizing alternative transcription initiation sites have been described in the literature. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DIXDC1 | DIX domain containing 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a positive regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. The encoded protein is found associated with gamma tubulin at the centrosome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| PLAGL2 | pleiomorphic adenoma gene-like 2|Pleiomorphic adenoma gene-like 2 is a zinc-finger protein that recognizes DNA and/or RNA. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HKR1 | HKR1, GLI-Kruppel zinc finger family member| |
| PLAGL1 | pleiomorphic adenoma gene-like 1|This gene encodes a C2H2 zinc finger protein with transactivation and DNA-binding activities. It has been shown to have anti-proliferative properties, and thus thought to function as a tumor suppressor. In addition, overexpression of this gene during fetal development is believed to underlie the rare disorder, transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM). This gene is imprinted, with preferential expression of the paternal allele in many tissues, however, biallelic expression has been noted in peripheral blood leucocytes. A recent study reports that tissue-specific imprinting results from variable utilization of monoallelic and biallelic promoters. Many transcript variants differing in the 5' UTR and encoding two different isoforms, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| FAM24B | family with sequence similarity 24, member B| |
| TBC1D3C | TBC1 domain family, member 3C|This gene represents one of a cluster of related genes found on chromosome 17. The proteins encoded by this gene family contain a TBC (Tre-2, Bub2p, and Cdc16p) domain and may be involved in GTPase signaling and vesicle trafficking. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| SYF2 | SYF2 pre-mRNA-splicing factor|This gene encodes a nuclear protein that interacts with cyclin D-type binding-protein 1, which is thought to be a cell cycle regulator at the G1/S transition. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CBWD6 | COBW domain containing 6| |
| C1orf111 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 111| |
| CAPN9 | calpain 9|Calpains are ubiquitous, well-conserved family of calcium-dependent, cysteine proteases. The calpain proteins are heterodimers consisting of an invariant small subunit and variable large subunits. The large subunit possesses a cysteine protease domain, and both subunits possess calcium-binding domains. Calpains have been implicated in neurodegenerative processes, as their activation can be triggered by calcium influx and oxidative stress. The protein encoded by this gene is expressed predominantly in stomach and small intestine and may have specialized functions in the digestive tract. This gene is thought to be associated with gastric cancer. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IGFL3 | IGF-like family member 3|IGFL3 belongs to the insulin-like growth factor (IGF; see MIM 147440) family of signaling molecules that play critical roles in cellular energy metabolism and in growth and development, especially prenatal growth (Emtage et al., 2006 [PubMed 16890402]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CCAR1 | cell division cycle and apoptosis regulator 1| |
| VANGL2 | VANGL planar cell polarity protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane protein involved in the regulation of planar cell polarity, especially in the stereociliary bundles of the cochlea. The encoded protein transmits directional signals to individual cells or groups of cells in epithelial sheets. This protein is also involved in the development of the neural plate. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| MTDH | metadherin| |
| CBWD2 | COBW domain containing 2| |
| SLC1A6 | solute carrier family 1 (high affinity aspartate/glutamate transporter), member 6| |
| MADD | MAP-kinase activating death domain|Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a signaling molecule that interacts with one of two receptors on cells targeted for apoptosis. The apoptotic signal is transduced inside these cells by cytoplasmic adaptor proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is a death domain-containing adaptor protein that interacts with the death domain of TNF-alpha receptor 1 to activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and propagate the apoptotic signal. It is membrane-bound and expressed at a higher level in neoplastic cells than in normal cells. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CBWD1 | COBW domain containing 1| |
| EXO1 | exonuclease 1|This gene encodes a protein with 5' to 3' exonuclease activity as well as an RNase H activity. It is similar to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein Exo1 which interacts with Msh2 and which is involved in mismatch repair and recombination. Alternative splicing of this gene results in three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZBTB8A | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 8A| |
| ZBTB8B | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 8B| |
| EXO5 | exonuclease 5| |
| CEACAM1 | carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (biliary glycoprotein)|This gene encodes a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family, which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Two subgroups of the CEA family, the CEA cell adhesion molecules and the pregnancy-specific glycoproteins, are located within a 1.2 Mb cluster on the long arm of chromosome 19. Eleven pseudogenes of the CEA cell adhesion molecule subgroup are also found in the cluster. The encoded protein was originally described in bile ducts of liver as biliary glycoprotein. Subsequently, it was found to be a cell-cell adhesion molecule detected on leukocytes, epithelia, and endothelia. The encoded protein mediates cell adhesion via homophilic as well as heterophilic binding to other proteins of the subgroup. Multiple cellular activities have been attributed to the encoded protein, including roles in the differentiation and arrangement of tissue three-dimensional structure, angiogenesis, apoptosis, tumor suppression, metastasis, and the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been reported, but the full-length nature of all variants has not been defined. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| ATRIP | ATR interacting protein|This gene encodes an essential component of the DNA damage checkpoint. The encoded protein binds to single-stranded DNA coated with replication protein A. The protein also interacts with the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related protein kinase, resulting in its accumulation at intranuclear foci induced by DNA damage. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| CEACAM3 | carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 3|This gene encodes a member of the family of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs), which are used by several bacterial pathogens to bind and invade host cells. The encoded transmembrane protein directs phagocytosis of several bacterial species that is dependent on the small GTPase Rac. It is thought to serve an important role in controlling human-specific pathogens by the innate immune system. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| CEACAM5 | carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5|Members of the CEACAM subfamily, including CEACAM5, belong to the CEA gene family. For general information on the CEA gene family, see CEACAM1 (MIM 109770).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009] |
| CEACAM7 | carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 7| |
| LRRTM2 | leucine rich repeat transmembrane neuronal 2| |
| CEACAM8 | carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 8| |
| SLC46A1 | solute carrier family 46 (folate transporter), member 1|This gene encodes a transmembrane proton-coupled folate transporter protein that facilitates the movement of folate and antifolate substrates across cell membranes, optimally in acidic pH environments. This protein is also expressed in the brain and choroid plexus where it transports folates into the central nervous system. This protein further functions as a heme transporter in duodenal enterocytes, and potentially in other tissues like liver and kidney. Its localization to the apical membrane or cytoplasm of intestinal cells is modulated by dietary iron levels. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive hereditary folate malabsorption disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| PARP2 | poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 2|This gene encodes poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase-like 2 protein, which contains a catalytic domain and is capable of catalyzing a poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reaction. This protein has a catalytic domain which is homologous to that of poly (ADP-ribosyl) transferase, but lacks an N-terminal DNA binding domain which activates the C-terminal catalytic domain of poly (ADP-ribosyl) transferase. The basic residues within the N-terminal region of this protein may bear potential DNA-binding properties, and may be involved in the nuclear and/or nucleolar targeting of the protein. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNK3 | potassium channel, two pore domain subfamily K, member 3|This gene encodes a member of the superfamily of potassium channel proteins that contain two pore-forming P domains. The encoded protein is an outwardly rectifying channel that is sensitive to changes in extracellular pH and is inhibited by extracellular acidification. Also referred to as an acid-sensitive potassium channel, it is activated by the anesthetics halothane and isoflurane. Although three transcripts are detected in northern blots, there is currently no sequence available to confirm transcript variants for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| RAPGEF4 | Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 4| |
| ENG | endoglin|This gene encodes a homodimeric transmembrane protein which is a major glycoprotein of the vascular endothelium. This protein is a component of the transforming growth factor beta receptor complex and it binds to the beta1 and beta3 peptides with high affinity. Mutations in this gene cause hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, also known as Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome 1, an autosomal dominant multisystemic vascular dysplasia. This gene may also be involved in preeclampsia and several types of cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| CLSTN1 | calsyntenin 1|This gene is a member of the calsyntenin family, a subset of the cadherin superfamily. The encoded transmembrane protein, also known as alcadein-alpha, is thought to bind to kinesin-1 motors to mediate the axonal anterograde transport of certain types of vesicle. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is trafficked via these vesicles and so this protein is being investigated to see how it might contribute to the mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| ZNF274 | zinc finger protein 274|This gene encodes a zinc finger protein containing five C2H2-type zinc finger domains, one or two Kruppel-associated box A (KRAB A) domains, and a leucine-rich domain. The encoded protein has been suggested to be a transcriptional repressor. It localizes predominantly to the nucleolus. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms exist. These variants utilize alternative polyadenylation signals. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ALOX5AP | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein|This gene encodes a protein which, with 5-lipoxygenase, is required for leukotriene synthesis. Leukotrienes are arachidonic acid metabolites which have been implicated in various types of inflammatory responses, including asthma, arthritis and psoriasis. This protein localizes to the plasma membrane. Inhibitors of its function impede translocation of 5-lipoxygenase from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane and inhibit 5-lipoxygenase activation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| GTF2IRD1 | GTF2I repeat domain containing 1|The protein encoded by this gene contains five GTF2I-like repeats and each repeat possesses a potential helix-loop-helix (HLH) motif. It may have the ability to interact with other HLH-proteins and function as a transcription factor or as a positive transcriptional regulator under the control of Retinoblastoma protein. This gene plays a role in craniofacial and cognitive development and mutations have been associated with Williams-Beuren syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder caused by deletion of multiple genes at 7q11.23. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| GTF2IRD2 | GTF2I repeat domain containing 2|This gene is one of several closely related genes on chromosome 7 encoding proteins containing helix-loop-helix motifs. These proteins may function as regulators of transcription. The encoded protein is unique in that its C-terminus is derived from CHARLIE8 transposable element sequence. This gene is located in a region of chromosome 7 that is deleted in Williams-Beuren syndrome, and loss of this locus may contribute to the cognitive phenotypes observed in this disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| MREG | melanoregulin| |
| NCAPG | non-SMC condensin I complex, subunit G|This gene encodes a subunit of the condensin complex, which is responsible for the condensation and stabilization of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. Phosphorylation of the encoded protein activates the condensin complex. There are pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes 8 and 15. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| AGMAT | agmatine ureohydrolase (agmatinase)| |
| F12 | coagulation factor XII (Hageman factor)|This gene encodes coagulation factor XII which circulates in blood as a zymogen. This single chain zymogen is converted to a two-chain serine protease with an heavy chain (alpha-factor XIIa) and a light chain. The heavy chain contains two fibronectin-type domains, two epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains, a kringle domain and a proline-rich domain, whereas the light chain contains only a catalytic domain. On activation, further cleavages takes place in the heavy chain, resulting in the production of beta-factor XIIa light chain and the alpha-factor XIIa light chain becomes beta-factor XIIa heavy chain. Prekallikrein is cleaved by factor XII to form kallikrein, which then cleaves factor XII first to alpha-factor XIIa and then to beta-factor XIIa. The active factor XIIa participates in the initiation of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and the generation of bradykinin and angiotensin. It activates coagulation factors VII and XI. Defects in this gene do not cause any clinical symptoms and the sole effect is that whole-blood clotting time is prolonged. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RBMY1J | RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member J|This gene encodes a protein containing an RNA-binding motif in the N-terminus and four SRGY (serine, arginine, glycine, tyrosine) boxes in the C-terminus. Multiple copies of this gene are found in the AZFb azoospermia factor region of chromosome Y and the encoded protein is thought to be involved in spermatogenesis. Most copies of this locus are pseudogenes, although six highly similar copies have full-length ORFs and are considered functional. Four functional copies of this gene are found within inverted repeat IR2; two functional copies of this gene are found in palindrome P3, along with two copies of PTPN13-like, Y-linked. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| F10 | coagulation factor X|This gene encodes the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor X of the blood coagulation cascade. This factor undergoes multiple processing steps before its preproprotein is converted to a mature two-chain form by the excision of the tripeptide RKR. Two chains of the factor are held together by 1 or more disulfide bonds; the light chain contains 2 EGF-like domains, while the heavy chain contains the catalytic domain which is structurally homologous to those of the other hemostatic serine proteases. The mature factor is activated by the cleavage of the activation peptide by factor IXa (in the intrisic pathway), or by factor VIIa (in the extrinsic pathway). The activated factor then converts prothrombin to thrombin in the presence of factor Va, Ca+2, and phospholipid during blood clotting. Mutations of this gene result in factor X deficiency, a hemorrhagic condition of variable severity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| F11 | coagulation factor XI|This gene encodes coagulation factor XI of the blood coagulation cascade. This protein is present in plasma as a zymogen, which is a unique plasma coagulation enzyme because it exists as a homodimer consisting of two identical polypeptide chains linked by disulfide bonds. During activation of the plasma factor XI, an internal peptide bond is cleaved by factor XIIa (or XII) in each of the two chains, resulting in activated factor XIa, a serine protease composed of two heavy and two light chains held together by disulfide bonds. This activated plasma factor XI triggers the middle phase of the intrisic pathway of blood coagulation by activating factor IX. Defects in this factor lead to Rosenthal syndrome, a blood coagulation abnormality. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZMYND11 | zinc finger, MYND-type containing 11|The protein encoded by this gene was first identified by its ability to bind the adenovirus E1A protein. The protein localizes to the nucleus. It functions as a transcriptional repressor, and expression of E1A inhibits this repression. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EXOG | endo/exonuclease (5'-3'), endonuclease G-like|This gene encodes an endo/exonuclease with 5'-3' exonuclease activity. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester linkages at the 5' end of a nucleic acid chain. This enzyme is localized to the mitochondria and may play a role in programmed cell death. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. A pseudogene exists on chromosome 18. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| FZD5 | frizzled class receptor 5|Members of the 'frizzled' gene family encode 7-transmembrane domain proteins that are receptors for Wnt signaling proteins. The FZD5 protein is believed to be the receptor for the Wnt5A ligand. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EPAS1 | endothelial PAS domain protein 1|This gene encodes a transcription factor involved in the induction of genes regulated by oxygen, which is induced as oxygen levels fall. The encoded protein contains a basic-helix-loop-helix domain protein dimerization domain as well as a domain found in proteins in signal transduction pathways which respond to oxygen levels. Mutations in this gene are associated with erythrocytosis familial type 4. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| IQUB | IQ motif and ubiquitin domain containing| |
| SLC27A1 | solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 1| |
| C20orf141 | chromosome 20 open reading frame 141| |
| FZD9 | frizzled class receptor 9|Members of the 'frizzled' gene family encode 7-transmembrane domain proteins that are receptors for Wnt signaling proteins. The FZD9 gene is located within the Williams syndrome common deletion region of chromosome 7, and heterozygous deletion of the FZD9 gene may contribute to the Williams syndrome phenotype. FZD9 is expressed predominantly in brain, testis, eye, skeletal muscle, and kidney. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC1A1 | solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1|This gene encodes a member of the high-affinity glutamate transporters that play an essential role in transporting glutamate across plasma membranes. In brain, these transporters are crucial in terminating the postsynaptic action of the neurotransmitter glutamate, and in maintaining extracellular glutamate concentrations below neurotoxic levels. This transporter also transports aspartate, and mutations in this gene are thought to cause dicarboxylicamino aciduria, also known as glutamate-aspartate transport defect. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| TOR2A | torsin family 2, member A|This gene encodes a member of the AAA family of adenosine triphosphatases with similarity to Clp proteases and heat shock proteins. Alternative splicing at this locus results in the translation of multiple isoforms of the encoded protein, some of which contain salusin peptides in the C-terminal region. These peptides may play roles in hypotension, myocardial growth and the induction of mitogenesis, and may also be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The antimicrobial peptide salusin-beta has antibacterial activity. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| CDKAL1 | CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 1-like 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the methylthiotransferase family. The function of this gene is not known. Genome-wide association studies have linked single nucleotide polymorphisms in an intron of this gene with susceptibilty to type 2 diabetes. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| SERPINA12 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 12| |
| SERPINA10 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 10|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the serpin family. It is predominantly expressed in the liver and secreted in plasma. It inhibits the activity of coagulation factors Xa and XIa in the presence of protein Z, calcium and phospholipid. Mutations in this gene are associated with venous thrombosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| KCNMB4 | potassium channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 4|MaxiK channels are large conductance, voltage and calcium-sensitive potassium channels which are fundamental to the control of smooth muscle tone and neuronal excitability. MaxiK channels can be formed by 2 subunits: the pore-forming alpha subunit and the modulatory beta subunit. The protein encoded by this gene is an auxiliary beta subunit which slows activation kinetics, leads to steeper calcium sensitivity, and shifts the voltage range of current activation to more negative potentials than does the beta 1 subunit. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRNAU1AP | tRNA selenocysteine 1 associated protein 1| |
| TMEM126A | transmembrane protein 126A|The protein encoded by this gene is a mitochondrial membrane protein of unknown function. Defects in this gene are a cause of optic atrophy type 7 (OPA7). Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| TMEM126B | transmembrane protein 126B| |
| PLCZ1 | phospholipase C, zeta 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C family. Members in this family, classified into six isotypes that are tissue- and organ-specific, hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate just before the phosphate group to yield diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. This protein localizes to the acrosome in spermatozoa and elicits Ca(2+) oscillations and egg activation during fertilization that leads to early embryonic development. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| CYP4B1 | cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily B, polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. In rodents, the homologous protein has been shown to metabolize certain carcinogens; however, the specific function of the human protein has not been determined. Two transcript variants encoding slightly different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DDRGK1 | DDRGK domain containing 1| |
| FAM81A | family with sequence similarity 81, member A| |
| TTBK2 | tau tubulin kinase 2|This gene encodes a serine-threonine kinase that putatively phosphorylates tau and tubulin proteins. Mutations in this gene cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 11 (SCA11); a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive ataxia and atrophy of the cerebellum and brainstem. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| RCOR1 | REST corepressor 1|This gene encodes a protein that is well-conserved, downregulated at birth, and with a specific role in determining neural cell differentiation. The encoded protein binds to the C-terminal domain of REST (repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor). [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| RFPL2 | ret finger protein-like 2| |
| TIGD5 | tigger transposable element derived 5|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the tigger subfamily of the pogo superfamily of DNA-mediated transposons in humans. These proteins are related to DNA transposons found in fungi and nematodes, and more distantly to the Tc1 and mariner transposases. They are also very similar to the major mammalian centromere protein B. The exact function of this gene is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADHFE1 | alcohol dehydrogenase, iron containing, 1|The ADHFE1 gene encodes hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.24), which is responsible for the oxidation of 4-hydroxybutyrate in mammalian tissues (Kardon et al., 2006 [PubMed 16616524]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| TIGD7 | tigger transposable element derived 7|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the tigger subfamily of the pogo superfamily of DNA-mediated transposons in humans. These proteins are related to DNA transposons found in fungi and nematodes, and more distantly to the Tc1 and mariner transposases. They are also very similar to the major mammalian centromere protein B. The exact function of this gene is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TIGD6 | tigger transposable element derived 6|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the tigger subfamily of the pogo superfamily of DNA-mediated transposons in humans. These proteins are related to DNA transposons found in fungi and nematodes, and more distantly to the Tc1 and mariner transposases. They are also very similar to the major mammalian centromere protein B. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| FLT4 | fms-related tyrosine kinase 4|This gene encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor for vascular endothelial growth factors C and D. The protein is thought to be involved in lymphangiogenesis and maintenance of the lymphatic endothelium. Mutations in this gene cause hereditary lymphedema type IA. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CACNB4 | calcium channel, voltage-dependent, beta 4 subunit|This gene encodes a member of the beta subunit family of voltage-dependent calcium channel complex proteins. Calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium ions into the cell upon membrane polarization and consist of a complex of alpha-1, alpha-2/delta, beta, and gamma subunits in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. Various versions of each of these subunits exist, either expressed from similar genes or the result of alternative splicing. The protein encoded by this locus plays an important role in calcium channel function by modulating G protein inhibition, increasing peak calcium current, controlling the alpha-1 subunit membrane targeting and shifting the voltage dependence of activation and inactivation. Certain mutations in this gene have been associated with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| FLT3 | fms-related tyrosine kinase 3|This gene encodes a class III receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates hematopoiesis. This receptor is activated by binding of the fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand to the extracellular domain, which induces homodimer formation in the plasma membrane leading to autophosphorylation of the receptor. The activated receptor kinase subsequently phosphorylates and activates multiple cytoplasmic effector molecules in pathways involved in apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic cells in bone marrow. Mutations that result in the constitutive activation of this receptor result in acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| SLC24A5 | solute carrier family 24 (sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger), member 5|This gene is a member of the potassium-dependent sodium/calcium exchanger family and encodes an intracellular membrane protein with 2 large hydrophilic loops and 2 sets of multiple transmembrane-spanning segments. Sequence variation in this gene has been associated with differences in skin pigmentation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FLT1 | fms-related tyrosine kinase 1|This gene encodes a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) family. VEGFR family members are receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) which contain an extracellular ligand-binding region with seven immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, a transmembrane segment, and a tyrosine kinase (TK) domain within the cytoplasmic domain. This protein binds to VEGFR-A, VEGFR-B and placental growth factor and plays an important role in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Expression of this receptor is found in vascular endothelial cells, placental trophoblast cells and peripheral blood monocytes. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Isoforms include a full-length transmembrane receptor isoform and shortened, soluble isoforms. The soluble isoforms are associated with the onset of pre-eclampsia.[provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| PTPRCAP | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C-associated protein|The protein encoded by this gene was identified as a transmembrane phosphoprotein specifically associated with tyrosine phosphatase PTPRC/CD45, a key regulator of T- and B-lymphocyte activation. The interaction with PTPRC may be required for the stable expression of this protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SET | SET nuclear proto-oncogene|The protein encoded by this gene inhibits acetylation of nucleosomes, especially histone H4, by histone acetylases (HAT). This inhibition is most likely accomplished by masking histone lysines from being acetylated, and the consequence is to silence HAT-dependent transcription. The encoded protein is part of a complex localized to the endoplasmic reticulum but is found in the nucleus and inhibits apoptosis following attack by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This protein can also enhance DNA replication of the adenovirus genome. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| KIAA1958 | KIAA1958| |
| VKORC1 | vitamin K epoxide reductase complex, subunit 1|Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting but must be enzymatically activated. This enzymatically activated form of vitamin K is a reduced form required for the carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in some blood-clotting proteins. The product of this gene encodes the enzyme that is responsible for reducing vitamin K 2,3-epoxide to the enzymatically activated form. Fatal bleeding can be caused by vitamin K deficiency and by the vitamin K antagonist warfarin, and it is the product of this gene that is sensitive to warfarin. In humans, mutations in this gene can be associated with deficiencies in vitamin-K-dependent clotting factors and, in humans and rats, with warfarin resistance. Two pseudogenes have been identified on chromosome 1 and the X chromosome. Two alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OXSM | 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, mitochondrial|This gene encodes a beta-ketoacyl synthetase. The encoded enzyme is required for elongation of fatty acid chains in the mitochondria. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| SDR9C7 | short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 9C, member 7|This gene encodes a protein with similarity to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family but has not been shown to have retinoid or dehydrogenase activities. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| UGT2B17 | UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B17|This gene encodes a member of the uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase protein family. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the transfer of glucuronic acid from uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid to a diverse array of substrates including steroid hormones and lipid-soluble drugs. This process, known as glucuronidation, is an intermediate step in the metabolism of steroids. Copy number variation in this gene is associated with susceptibility to osteoporosis.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| GORASP2 | golgi reassembly stacking protein 2, 55kDa|This gene encodes a member of the Golgi reassembly stacking protein family. These proteins may play a role in the stacking of Golgi cisternae and Golgi ribbon formation, as well as Golgi fragmentation during apoptosis or mitosis. The encoded protein also plays a role in the intracellular transport of transforming growth factor alpha and may function as a molecular chaperone. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| UGT2B10 | UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B10| |
| SUGP2 | SURP and G patch domain containing 2|This gene encodes a member of the arginine/serine-rich family of splicing factors. The encoded protein functions in mRNA processing. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| SUGP1 | SURP and G patch domain containing 1|SF4 is a member of the SURP family of splicing factors.[supplied by OMIM, Sep 2003] |
| E2F7 | E2F transcription factor 7|E2F transcription factors, such as E2F7, play an essential role in the regulation of cell cycle progression (Di Stefano et al., 2003 [PubMed 14633988]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2008] |
| H1F0 | H1 histone family, member 0|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H1 family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COL25A1 | collagen, type XXV, alpha 1|This gene encodes a brain-specific membrane associated collagen. A product of proteolytic processing of the encoded protein, CLAC (collagenous Alzheimer amyloid plaque component), binds to amyloid beta-peptides found in Alzheimer amyloid plaques but CLAC inhibits rather than facilitates amyloid fibril elongation (PMID: 16300410). A study of over-expression of this collagen in mice, however, found changes in pathology and behavior suggesting that the encoded protein may promote amyloid plaque formation (PMID: 19548013). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| RCL1 | RNA terminal phosphate cyclase-like 1| |
| MRPS18A | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S18A|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S18P family. The encoded protein is one of three that has significant sequence similarity to bacterial S18 proteins. The primary sequences of the three human mitochondrial S18 proteins are no more closely related to each other than they are to the prokaryotic S18 proteins. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 3p. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| MRPS18B | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S18B|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S18P family. The encoded protein is one of three that has significant sequence similarity to bacterial S18 proteins. The primary sequences of the three human mitochondrial S18 proteins are no more closely related to each other than they are to the prokaryotic S18 proteins. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 1q and 2q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FIGNL1 | fidgetin-like 1| |
| RUNX1-IT1 | RUNX1 intronic transcript 1| |
| FAM105A | family with sequence similarity 105, member A| |
| ELMOD3 | ELMO/CED-12 domain containing 3| |
| ELMOD2 | ELMO/CED-12 domain containing 2|This gene encodes one of six engulfment and motility (ELMO) domain-containing proteins. This gene is thought to play a role in antiviral responses. Mutations in this gene may be involved in the cause of familial idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| DPP10 | dipeptidyl-peptidase 10 (non-functional)|This gene encodes a single-pass type II membrane protein that is a member of the S9B family in clan SC of the serine proteases. This protein has no detectable protease activity, most likely due to the absence of the conserved serine residue normally present in the catalytic domain of serine proteases. However, it does bind specific voltage-gated potassium channels and alters their expression and biophysical properties. Mutations in this gene have been associated with asthma. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RASSF8 | Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family (N-terminal) member 8|This gene encodes a member of the Ras-assocation domain family (RASSF) of tumor suppressor proteins. This gene is essential for maintaining adherens junction function in epithelial cells and has a role in epithelial cell migration. It is a lung tumor suppressor gene candidate. A chromosomal translocation t(12;22)(p11.2;q13.3) leading to the fusion of this gene and the FBLN1 gene is found in a complex type of synpolydactyly. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| S100PBP | S100P binding protein|This gene encodes a protein that was originally identified by its interaction with S100 calcium-binding protein P. Expression of this protein has been reported to be associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| SLC24A3 | solute carrier family 24 (sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger), member 3|Plasma membrane sodium/calcium exchangers are an important component of intracellular calcium homeostasis and electrical conduction. Potassium-dependent sodium/calcium exchangers such as SLC24A3 are believed to transport 1 intracellular calcium and 1 potassium ion in exchange for 4 extracellular sodium ions (Kraev et al., 2001 [PubMed 11294880]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PDC | phosducin|This gene encodes a phosphoprotein, which is located in the outer and inner segments of the rod cells in the retina. This protein may participate in the regulation of visual phototransduction or in the integration of photoreceptor metabolism. It modulates the phototransduction cascade by interacting with the beta and gamma subunits of the retinal G-protein transducin. This gene is a potential candidate gene for retinitis pigmentosa and Usher syndrome type II. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CHAMP1 | chromosome alignment maintaining phosphoprotein 1| |
| NTM | neurotrimin|This gene encodes a member of the IgLON (LAMP, OBCAM, Ntm) family of immunoglobulin (Ig) domain-containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell adhesion molecules. The encoded protein may promote neurite outgrowth and adhesion via a homophilic mechanism. This gene is closely linked to a related family member, opioid binding protein/cell adhesion molecule-like (OPCML), on chromosome 11. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| SKIV2L2 | superkiller viralicidic activity 2-like 2 (S. cerevisiae)| |
| KNG1 | kininogen 1|This gene uses alternative splicing to generate two different proteins- high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) and low molecular weight kininogen (LMWK). HMWK is essential for blood coagulation and assembly of the kallikrein-kinin system. Also, bradykinin, a peptide causing numerous physiological effects, is released from HMWK. Bradykinin also functions as an antimicrobial peptide with antibacterial and antifungal activity. In contrast to HMWK, LMWK is not involved in blood coagulation. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| NRARP | NOTCH-regulated ankyrin repeat protein| |
| COMP | cartilage oligomeric matrix protein|The protein encoded by this gene is a noncollagenous extracellular matrix (ECM) protein. It consists of five identical glycoprotein subunits, each with EGF-like and calcium-binding (thrombospondin-like) domains. Oligomerization results from formation of a five-stranded coiled coil and disulfides. Binding to other ECM proteins such as collagen appears to depend on divalent cations. Mutations can cause the osteochondrodysplasias pseudochondroplasia (PSACH) and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ITGA11 | integrin, alpha 11|This gene encodes an alpha integrin. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This protein contains an I domain, is expressed in muscle tissue, dimerizes with beta 1 integrin in vitro, and appears to bind collagen in this form. Therefore, the protein may be involved in attaching muscle tissue to the extracellular matrix. Alternative transcriptional splice variants have been found for this gene, but their biological validity is not determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COBL | cordon-bleu WH2 repeat protein| |
| CHUK | conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase|This gene encodes a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. The encoded protein, a component of a cytokine-activated protein complex that is an inhibitor of the essential transcription factor NF-kappa-B complex, phosphorylates sites that trigger the degradation of the inhibitor via the ubiquination pathway, thereby activating the transcription factor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AMOTL1 | angiomotin like 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a peripheral membrane protein that is a component of tight junctions or TJs. TJs form an apical junctional structure and act to control paracellular permeability and maintain cell polarity. This protein is related to angiomotin, an angiostatin binding protein that regulates endothelial cell migration and capillary formation. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| AMOTL2 | angiomotin like 2|Angiomotin is a protein that binds angiostatin, a circulating inhibitor of the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). Angiomotin mediates angiostatin inhibition of endothelial cell migration and tube formation in vitro. The protein encoded by this gene is related to angiomotin and is a member of the motin protein family. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| LCN1 | lipocalin 1|This gene encodes a member of the lipocalin family of small secretory proteins. Lipocalins are extracellular transport proteins that bind to a variety of hydrophobic ligands. The encoded protein is the primary lipid binding protein in tears and is overproduced in response to multiple stimuli including infection and stress. The encoded protein may be a marker for chromosome aneuploidy as well as an autoantigen in Sjogren's syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and two pseudogenes of this gene are also located on the long arm of chromosome 9. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| LCN2 | lipocalin 2| |
| SF3B5 | splicing factor 3b, subunit 5, 10kDa| |
| SF3B4 | splicing factor 3b, subunit 4, 49kDa|This gene encodes one of four subunits of the splicing factor 3B. The protein encoded by this gene cross-links to a region in the pre-mRNA immediately upstream of the branchpoint sequence in pre-mRNA in the prespliceosomal complex A. It also may be involved in the assembly of the B, C and E spliceosomal complexes. In addition to RNA-binding activity, this protein interacts directly and highly specifically with subunit 2 of the splicing factor 3B. This protein contains two N-terminal RNA-recognition motifs (RRMs), consistent with the observation that it binds directly to pre-mRNA. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PNPT1 | polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the evolutionary conserved polynucleotide phosphorylase family comprised of phosphate dependent 3'-to-5' exoribonucleases implicated in RNA processing and degradation. This enzyme is predominantly localized in the mitochondrial intermembrane space and is involved in import of RNA to mitochondria. Mutations in this gene have been associated with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-13 and autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness-70. Related pseudogenes are found on chromosomes 3 and 7. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| PNMAL1 | paraneoplastic Ma antigen family-like 1| |
| SF3B1 | splicing factor 3b, subunit 1, 155kDa|This gene encodes subunit 1 of the splicing factor 3b protein complex. Splicing factor 3b, together with splicing factor 3a and a 12S RNA unit, forms the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins complex (U2 snRNP). The splicing factor 3b/3a complex binds pre-mRNA upstream of the intron's branch site in a sequence independent manner and may anchor the U2 snRNP to the pre-mRNA. Splicing factor 3b is also a component of the minor U12-type spliceosome. The carboxy-terminal two-thirds of subunit 1 have 22 non-identical, tandem HEAT repeats that form rod-like, helical structures. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM220A | family with sequence similarity 220, member A| |
| SF3B2 | splicing factor 3b, subunit 2, 145kDa|This gene encodes subunit 2 of the splicing factor 3b protein complex. Splicing factor 3b, together with splicing factor 3a and a 12S RNA unit, forms the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins complex (U2 snRNP). The splicing factor 3b/3a complex binds pre-mRNA upstream of the intron's branch site in a sequence-independent manner and may anchor the U2 snRNP to the pre-mRNA. Splicing factor 3b is also a component of the minor U12-type spliceosome. Subunit 2 associates with pre-mRNA upstream of the branch site at the anchoring site. Subunit 2 also interacts directly with subunit 4 of the splicing factor 3b complex. Subunit 2 is a highly hydrophilic protein with a proline-rich N-terminus and a glutamate-rich stretch in the C-terminus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CYP17A1 | cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily A, polypeptide 1|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. It has both 17alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities and is a key enzyme in the steroidogenic pathway that produces progestins, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens. Mutations in this gene are associated with isolated steroid-17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency, 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency, pseudohermaphroditism, and adrenal hyperplasia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ALOX15 | arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase| |
| ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase| |
| TSHR | thyroid stimulating hormone receptor|The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane protein and a major controller of thyroid cell metabolism. The encoded protein is a receptor for thyrothropin and thyrostimulin, and its activity is mediated by adenylate cyclase. Defects in this gene are a cause of several types of hyperthyroidism. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| PRKY | protein kinase, Y-linked, pseudogene|This gene is similar to the protein kinase, X-linked gene in the pseudoautosomal region of the X chromosome. The gene is classified as a transcribed pseudogene because it has lost a coding exon that results in all transcripts being candidates for nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) and unlikely to express a protein. Abnormal recombination between this gene and a related gene on chromosome X is a frequent cause of XX males and XY females. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| MAGEF1 | melanoma antigen family F1|This intronless gene encodes a member of the MAGE superfamily. It is ubiquitously expressed in normal tissues and in tumor cells. This gene includes a microsatellite repeat in the coding region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OR14I1 | olfactory receptor, family 14, subfamily I, member 1|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SEMA6C | sema domain, transmembrane domain (TM), and cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 6C|This gene encodes a member of the semaphorin family. Semaphorins represent important molecular signals controlling multiple aspects of the cellular response that follows CNS injury, and thus may play an important role in neural regeneration. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| TSSC1 | tumor suppressing subtransferable candidate 1|This gene has been reported in PMID 9403053 as one of several tumor-suppressing subtransferable fragments located in the imprinted gene domain of 11p15.5, an important tumor-suppressor gene region. Alterations in this region have been associated with the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, and lung, ovarian, and breast cancer. Alignment of this gene to genomic sequence data suggests that this gene resides on chromosome 2 rather than chromosome 11. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| AP4B1 | adaptor-related protein complex 4, beta 1 subunit|This gene encodes a subunit of a heterotetrameric adapter-like complex 4 that is involved in targeting proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the endosomal-lysosomal system. Mutations in this gene are associated with cerebral palsy spastic quadriplegic type 5 (CPSQ5) disorder. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| NSMCE4A | non-SMC element 4 homolog A (S. cerevisiae)| |
| CNIH4 | cornichon family AMPA receptor auxiliary protein 4| |
| ELAC2 | elaC ribonuclease Z 2|The protein encoded by this gene has a C-terminal domain with tRNA 3&#8242; processing endoribonuclease activity, which catalyzes the removal of the 3' trailer from precursor tRNAs. The protein also interacts with activated Smad family member 2 (Smad2) and its nuclear partner forkhead box H1 (also known as FAST-1), and reduced expression can suppress transforming growth factor-beta induced growth arrest. Mutations in this gene result in an increased risk of prostate cancer. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| DDHD1 | DDHD domain containing 1| |
| VPS51 | vacuolar protein sorting 51 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a member of the vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 51 family. The encoded protein is a component of the Golgi-associated retrograde protein complex which acts as a tethering factor for carriers in retrograde transport from the early and late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| ADCK4 | aarF domain containing kinase 4|This gene encodes a protein with two copies of a domain found in protein kinases. The encoded protein has a complete protein kinase catalytic domain, and a truncated domain that contains only the active and binding sites of the protein kinase domain, however, it is not known whether the protein has any kinase activity. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| ADCK5 | aarF domain containing kinase 5| |
| ADCK2 | aarF domain containing kinase 2| |
| ADCK3 | aarF domain containing kinase 3|This gene encodes a mitochondrial protein similar to yeast ABC1, which functions in an electron-transferring membrane protein complex in the respiratory chain. It is not related to the family of ABC transporter proteins. Expression of this gene is induced by the tumor suppressor p53 and in response to DNA damage, and inhibiting its expression partially suppresses p53-induced apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found; however, their full-length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADCK1 | aarF domain containing kinase 1| |
| DNAJC16 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 16| |
| DNAJC17 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 17| |
| DNAJC14 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 14| |
| DNAJC15 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 15| |
| DNAJC12 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 12|This gene encodes a member of a subclass of the HSP40/DnaJ protein family. Members of this family of proteins are associated with complex assembly, protein folding, and export. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DNAJC13 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 13| |
| DNAJC10 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 10|This gene encodes an endoplasmic reticulum co-chaperone which is part of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation complex involved in recognizing and degrading misfolded proteins. The encoded protein reduces incorrect disulfide bonds in misfolded glycoproteins. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| DNAJC11 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 11| |
| EPRS | glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase|Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are a class of enzymes that charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. The protein encoded by this gene is a multifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that catalyzes the aminoacylation of glutamic acid and proline tRNA species. Alternative splicing has been observed for this gene, but the full-length nature and biological validity of the variant have not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RLIM | ring finger protein, LIM domain interacting|The protein encoded by this gene is a RING-H2 zinc finger protein. It has been shown to be an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase that targets LIM domain binding 1 (LDB1/CLIM), and causes proteasome-dependent degradation of LDB1. This protein and LDB1 are co-repressors of LHX1/LIM-1, a homeodomain transcription factor. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| FEM1C | fem-1 homolog c (C. elegans)| |
| ASF1B | anti-silencing function 1B histone chaperone|This gene encodes a member of the H3/H4 family of histone chaperone proteins and is similar to the anti-silencing function-1 gene in yeast. The encoded protein is the substrate of the tousled-like kinase family of cell cycle-regulated kinases, and may play a key role in modulating the nucleosome structure of chromatin by ensuring a constant supply of histones at sites of nucleosome assembly. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DNAJC19 | DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 19|The protein encoded by this gene is thought to be part of a complex involved in the ATP-dependent transport of transit peptide-containing proteins from the inner cell membrane to the mitochondrial matrix. Defects in this gene are a cause of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 5 (MGA5), also known as dilated cardiomyopathy with ataxia (DCMA). Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 10, 14 and 19. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| EDF1 | endothelial differentiation-related factor 1|This gene encodes a protein that may regulate endothelial cell differentiation, lipid metabolism, and hormone-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. The encoded protein has also been found to act as a transcriptional coactivator by interconnecting the general transcription factor TATA element-binding protein (TBP) and gene-specific activators. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| SUPT16H | suppressor of Ty 16 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|Transcription of protein-coding genes can be reconstituted on naked DNA with only the general transcription factors and RNA polymerase II. However, this minimal system cannot transcribe DNA packaged into chromatin, indicating that accessory factors may facilitate access to DNA. One such factor, FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription), interacts specifically with histones H2A/H2B to effect nucleosome disassembly and transcription elongation. FACT is composed of an 80 kDa subunit and a 140 kDa subunit; this gene encodes the 140 kDa subunit. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| MLN | motilin|This gene encodes a small peptide hormone that is secreted by cells of the small intestine to regulate gastrointestinal contractions and motility. Proteolytic processing of the secreted protein produces the mature peptide and a byproduct referred to as motilin-associated peptide (MAP). Three transcript variants encoding different preproprotein isoforms but the same mature peptide have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| NAT8B | N-acetyltransferase 8B (GCN5-related, putative, gene/pseudogene)|The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to the N-acetyltransferase 8 (NAT8) gene product, which is a kidney and liver protein with homology to bacterial acetyltransferases involved in drug resistance. This gene is localized on chromosome 2 in the vicinity of the NAT8 gene and may represent a pseudogene of NAT8. This gene contains two polymorphic nonsense mutations that disrupt the active site of the protein. The full-length product of this gene contains a complete acetyltransferase domain and is identical in length to NAT8. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LMAN1 | lectin, mannose-binding, 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a type I integral membrane protein localized in the intermediate region between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi, presumably recycling between the two compartments. The protein is a mannose-specific lectin and is a member of a novel family of plant lectin homologs in the secretory pathway of animal cells. Mutations in the gene are associated with a coagulation defect. Using positional cloning, the gene was identified as the disease gene leading to combined factor V-factor VIII deficiency, a rare, autosomal recessive disorder in which both coagulation factors V and VIII are diminished. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| METTL21B | methyltransferase like 21B| |
| METTL21A | methyltransferase like 21A| |
| LMAN2 | lectin, mannose-binding 2|This gene encodes a type I transmembrane lectin that shuttles between the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane. The encoded protein binds high mannose type glycoproteins and may facilitate their sorting, trafficking and quality control. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| SCML2 | sex comb on midleg-like 2 (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a member of the Polycomb group proteins. These proteins form the Polycomb repressive complexes which are involved in transcriptional repression. The encoded protein binds histone peptides that are monomethylated at lysine residues and may be involved in regulating homeotic gene expression during development. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| MLX | MLX, MAX dimerization protein|The product of this gene belongs to the family of basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-Zip) transcription factors. These factors form heterodimers with Mad proteins and play a role in proliferation, determination and differentiation. This gene product may act to diversify Mad family function by its restricted association with a subset of the Mad family of transcriptional repressors, namely, Mad1 and Mad4. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SCML1 | sex comb on midleg-like 1 (Drosophila)| |
| MAML3 | mastermind-like 3 (Drosophila)| |
| NRK | Nik related kinase|The mouse ortholog of this gene encodes a protein kinase required for JNK activation. The encoded protein may be involved in the induction of actin polymerization in late embryogenesis.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| OR8B2 | olfactory receptor, family 8, subfamily B, member 2|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NRM | nurim (nuclear envelope membrane protein)|The protein encoded by this gene contains transmembrane domains and resides within the inner nuclear membrane, where it is tightly associated with the nucleus. This protein shares homology with isoprenylcysteine carboxymethyltransferase enzymes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| NRL | neural retina leucine zipper|This gene encodes a basic motif-leucine zipper transcription factor of the Maf subfamily. The encoded protein is conserved among vertebrates and is a critical intrinsic regulator of photoceptor development and function. Mutations in this gene have been associated with retinitis pigmentosa and retinal degenerative diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM195B | family with sequence similarity 195, member B| |
| PFKFB3 | 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3| |
| FAM195A | family with sequence similarity 195, member A| |
| NKG7 | natural killer cell granule protein 7| |
| PFKFB4 | 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4| |
| ITPA | inosine triphosphatase (nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphatase)|This gene encodes an inosine triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase. The encoded protein hydrolyzes inosine triphosphate and deoxyinosine triphosphate to the monophosphate nucleotide and diphosphate. This protein, which is a member of the HAM1 NTPase protein family, is found in the cytoplasm and acts as a homodimer. Defects in the encoded protein can result in inosine triphosphate pyrophosphorylase deficiency which causes an accumulation of ITP in red blood cells. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| SH3BGR | SH3 domain binding glutamate-rich protein| |
| SCIN | scinderin|SCIN is a Ca(2+)-dependent actin-severing and -capping protein (Zunino et al., 2001 [PubMed 11568009]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2010] |
| ADD3 | adducin 3 (gamma)|Adducins are heteromeric proteins composed of different subunits referred to as adducin alpha, beta and gamma. The three subunits are encoded by distinct genes and belong to a family of membrane skeletal proteins involved in the assembly of spectrin-actin network in erythrocytes and at sites of cell-cell contact in epithelial tissues. While adducins alpha and gamma are ubiquitously expressed, the expression of adducin beta is restricted to brain and hematopoietic tissues. Adducin, originally purified from human erythrocytes, was found to be a heterodimer of adducins alpha and beta. Polymorphisms resulting in amino acid substitutions in these two subunits have been associated with the regulation of blood pressure in an animal model of hypertension. Heterodimers consisting of alpha and gamma subunits have also been described. Structurally, each subunit is comprised of two distinct domains. The amino-terminal region is protease resistant and globular in shape, while the carboxy-terminal region is protease sensitive. The latter contains multiple phosphorylation sites for protein kinase C, the binding site for calmodulin, and is required for association with spectrin and actin. Alternatively spliced adducin gamma transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described. The functions of the different isoforms are not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADD2 | adducin 2 (beta)|Adducins are heteromeric proteins composed of different subunits referred to as adducin alpha, beta and gamma. The three subunits are encoded by distinct genes and belong to a family of membrane skeletal proteins involved in the assembly of spectrin-actin network in erythrocytes and at sites of cell-cell contact in epithelial tissues. While adducins alpha and gamma are ubiquitously expressed, the expression of adducin beta is restricted to brain and hematopoietic tissues. Adducin, originally purified from human erythrocytes, was found to be a heterodimer of adducins alpha and beta. Polymorphisms resulting in amino acid substitutions in these two subunits have been associated with the regulation of blood pressure in an animal model of hypertension. Heterodimers consisting of alpha and gamma subunits have also been described. Structurally, each subunit is comprised of two distinct domains. The amino-terminal region is protease resistant and globular in shape, while the carboxy-terminal region is protease sensitive. The latter contains multiple phosphorylation sites for protein kinase C, the binding site for calmodulin, and is required for association with spectrin and actin. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| ADD1 | adducin 1 (alpha)|Adducins are a family of cytoskeleton proteins encoded by three genes (alpha, beta, gamma). Adducin is a heterodimeric protein that consists of related subunits, which are produced from distinct genes but share a similar structure. Alpha- and beta-adducin include a protease-resistant N-terminal region and a protease-sensitive, hydrophilic C-terminal region. Alpha- and gamma-adducins are ubiquitously expressed. In contrast, beta-adducin is expressed at high levels in brain and hematopoietic tissues. Adducin binds with high affinity to Ca(2+)/calmodulin and is a substrate for protein kinases A and C. Alternative splicing results in multiple variants encoding distinct isoforms; however, not all variants have been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPP4R4 | protein phosphatase 4, regulatory subunit 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a HEAT-like repeat-containing protein. The HEAT repeat is a tandemly repeated, 37-47 amino acid long module occurring in a number of cytoplasmic proteins. Arrays of HEAT repeats form a rod-like helical structure and appear to function as protein-protein interaction surfaces. The repeat-containing region of this protein has some similarity to the constant regulatory domain of the protein phosphatase 2A PR65/A subunit. The function of this particular gene product has not been determined. Alternative splicing has been observed for this gene and two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPP4R1 | protein phosphatase 4, regulatory subunit 1|This gene encodes one of several alternate regulatory subunits of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 4 (PP4). The protein features multiple HEAT repeats. This protein forms a complex with PP4RC. This complex may have a distinct role from other PP4 complexes, including regulation of HDAC3 (Zhang et al., PMID: 15805470). There is also a transcribed pseudogene on chromosome 20. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| PPP4R2 | protein phosphatase 4, regulatory subunit 2| |
| PKD2L2 | polycystic kidney disease 2-like 2| |
| PKD2L1 | polycystic kidney disease 2-like 1|This gene encodes a member of the polycystin protein family. The encoded protein contains multiple transmembrane domains, and cytoplasmic N- and C-termini. The protein may be an integral membrane protein involved in cell-cell/matrix interactions. This protein functions as a calcium-regulated nonselective cation channel. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| HIST1H1E | histone cluster 1, H1e|Histones are basic nuclear proteins responsible for nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H1 family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the large histone gene cluster on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CWC27 | CWC27 spliceosome-associated protein homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| CWC25 | CWC25 spliceosome-associated protein homolog (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a factor that is part of the multi-protein C complex involved in pre-mRNA splicing. Alternatively spliced transcripts have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| CWC22 | CWC22 spliceosome-associated protein| |
| TMED10 | transmembrane emp24-like trafficking protein 10 (yeast)|This gene is a member of the EMP24/GP25L/p24 family and encodes a protein with a GOLD domain. This type I membrane protein is localized to the plasma membrane and golgi cisternae and is involved in vesicular protein trafficking. The protein is also a member of a heteromeric secretase complex and regulates the complex's gamma-secretase activity without affecting its epsilon-secretase activity. Mutations in this gene have been associated with early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease. This gene has a pseudogene on chromosome 8. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LTBR | lymphotoxin beta receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 3)|This gene encodes a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. The major ligands of this receptor include lymphotoxin alpha/beta and tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 14. The encoded protein plays a role in signalling during the development of lymphoid and other organs, lipid metabolism, immune response, and programmed cell death. Activity of this receptor has also been linked to carcinogenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| MAP3K8 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8|This gene is an oncogene that encodes a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. The encoded protein localizes to the cytoplasm and can activate both the MAP kinase and JNK kinase pathways. This protein was shown to activate IkappaB kinases, and thus induce the nuclear production of NF-kappaB. This protein was also found to promote the production of TNF-alpha and IL-2 during T lymphocyte activation. This gene may also utilize a downstream in-frame translation start codon, and thus produce an isoform containing a shorter N-terminus. The shorter isoform has been shown to display weaker transforming activity. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| MAP3K9 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 9| |
| MAP3K2 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of serine/threonine protein kinase family. This kinase preferentially activates other kinases involved in the MAP kinase signaling pathway. This kinase has been shown to directly phosphorylate and activate Ikappa B kinases, and thus plays a role in NF-kappa B signaling pathway. This kinase has also been found to bind and activate protein kinase C-related kinase 2, which suggests its involvement in a regulated signaling process. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAP3K3 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3|This gene product is a 626-amino acid polypeptide that is 96.5% identical to mouse Mekk3. Its catalytic domain is closely related to those of several other kinases, including mouse Mekk2, tobacco NPK, and yeast Ste11. Northern blot analysis revealed a 4.6-kb transcript that appears to be ubiquitously expressed. This protein directly regulates the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathways by activating SEK and MEK1/2 respectively; it does not regulate the p38 pathway. In cotransfection assays, it enhanced transcription from a nuclear factor kappa-B (NFKB)-dependent reporter gene, consistent with a role in the SAPK pathway. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRPF31 | pre-mRNA processing factor 31|This gene encodes a component of the spliceosome complex and is one of several retinitis pigmentosa-causing genes. When the gene product is added to the spliceosome complex, activation occurs.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| MAP3K1 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|The protein encoded by this gene is a serine/threonine kinase and is part of some signal transduction cascades, including the ERK and JNK kinase pathways as well as the NF-kappa-B pathway. The encoded protein is activated by autophosphorylation and requires magnesium as a cofactor in phosphorylating other proteins. This protein has E3 ligase activity conferred by a plant homeodomain (PHD) in its N-terminus and phospho-kinase activity conferred by a kinase domain in its C-terminus. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| DEAF1 | DEAF1 transcription factor|This gene encodes a zinc finger domain-containing protein that functions as a regulator of transcription. The encoded proteins binds to its own promoter as well as to that of several target genes. Activity of this protein is important in the regulation of embryonic development. Mutations in this gene have been found in individuals with autosomal dominant mental retardation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| MAP3K7 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. This kinase mediates the signaling transduction induced by TGF beta and morphogenetic protein (BMP), and controls a variety of cell functions including transcription regulation and apoptosis. In response to IL-1, this protein forms a kinase complex including TRAF6, MAP3K7P1/TAB1 and MAP3K7P2/TAB2; this complex is required for the activation of nuclear factor kappa B. This kinase can also activate MAPK8/JNK, MAP2K4/MKK4, and thus plays a role in the cell response to environmental stresses. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAP3K4 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4|The central core of each mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a conserved cascade of 3 protein kinases: an activated MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK) phosphorylates and activates a specific MAPK kinase (MAPKK), which then activates a specific MAPK. While the ERK MAPKs are activated by mitogenic stimulation, the CSBP2 and JNK MAPKs are activated by environmental stresses such as osmotic shock, UV irradiation, wound stress, and inflammatory factors. This gene encodes a MAPKKK, the MEKK4 protein, also called MTK1. This protein contains a protein kinase catalytic domain at the C terminus. The N-terminal nonkinase domain may contain a regulatory domain. Expression of MEKK4 in mammalian cells activated the CSBP2 and JNK MAPK pathways, but not the ERK pathway. In vitro kinase studies indicated that recombinant MEKK4 can specifically phosphorylate and activate PRKMK6 and SERK1, MAPKKs that activate CSBP2 and JNK, respectively but cannot phosphorylate PRKMK1, an MAPKK that activates ERKs. MEKK4 is a major mediator of environmental stresses that activate the CSBP2 MAPK pathway, and a minor mediator of the JNK pathway. Several alternatively spliced transcripts encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| ADK | adenosine kinase|This gene an enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-phosphate from ATP to adenosine, thereby serving as a regulator of concentrations of both extracellular adenosine and intracellular adenine nucleotides. Adenosine has widespread effects on the cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory, and immune systems and inhibitors of the enzyme could play an important pharmacological role in increasing intravascular adenosine concentrations and acting as anti-inflammatory agents. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| RBMY1A1 | RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member A1|This gene encodes a protein containing an RNA-binding motif in the N-terminus and four SRGY (serine, arginine, glycine, tyrosine) boxes in the C-terminus. Multiple copies of this gene are found in the AZFb azoospermia factor region of chromosome Y and the encoded protein is thought to be involved in spermatogenesis. Most copies of this locus are pseudogenes, although six highly similar copies have full-length ORFs and are considered functional. Four functional copies of this gene are found within inverted repeat IR2; two functional copies of this gene are found in palindrome P3, along with two copies of PTPN13-like, Y-linked. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MARVELD1 | MARVEL domain containing 1| |
| MARVELD3 | MARVEL domain containing 3| |
| MARVELD2 | MARVEL domain containing 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane protein found at the tight junctions between epithelial cells. The encoded protein helps establish epithelial barriers such as those in the organ of Corti, where these barriers are required for normal hearing. Defects in this gene are a cause of deafness autosomal recessive type 49 (DFNB49). Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| NUP214 | nucleoporin 214kDa|The nuclear pore complex is a massive structure that extends across the nuclear envelope, forming a gateway that regulates the flow of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Nucleoporins are the main components of the nuclear pore complex in eukaryotic cells. This gene is a member of the FG-repeat-containing nucleoporins. The protein encoded by this gene is localized to the cytoplasmic face of the nuclear pore complex where it is required for proper cell cycle progression and nucleocytoplasmic transport. The 3' portion of this gene forms a fusion gene with the DEK gene on chromosome 6 in a t(6,9) translocation associated with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TPGS2 | tubulin polyglutamylase complex subunit 2|This gene encodes a protein that is a component of the neuronal polyglutamylase complex, which plays a role in post-translational addition of glutamate residues to C-terminal tubulin tails. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| TPGS1 | tubulin polyglutamylase complex subunit 1| |
| NUP210 | nucleoporin 210kDa|The nuclear pore complex is a massive structure that extends across the nuclear envelope, forming a gateway that regulates the flow of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Nucleoporins are the main components of the nuclear pore complex in eukaryotic cells. The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane-spanning glycoprotein that is a major component of the nuclear pore complex. Multiple pseudogenes related to this gene are located on chromosome 3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| VPS54 | vacuolar protein sorting 54 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes for a protein that in yeast forms part of a trimeric vacuolar-protein-sorting complex that is required for retrograde transport of proteins from prevacuoles to the late Golgi compartment. As in yeast, mammalian Vps54 proteins contain a coiled-coil region and dileucine motifs. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIAA0319L | KIAA0319-like|This gene is a candidate gene for dyslexia susceptibility.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| ZNF207 | zinc finger protein 207| |
| FMO1 | flavin containing monooxygenase 1|Metabolic N-oxidation of the diet-derived amino-trimethylamine (TMA) is mediated by flavin-containing monooxygenase and is subject to an inherited FMO3 polymorphism in man resulting in a small subpopulation with reduced TMA N-oxidation capacity resulting in fish odor syndrome Trimethylaminuria. Three forms of the enzyme, FMO1 found in fetal liver, FMO2 found in adult liver, and FMO3 are encoded by genes clustered in the 1q23-q25 region. Flavin-containing monooxygenases are NADPH-dependent flavoenzymes that catalyzes the oxidation of soft nucleophilic heteroatom centers in drugs, pesticides, and xenobiotics. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| ZNF202 | zinc finger protein 202| |
| CASZ1 | castor zinc finger 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcription factor. The encoded protein may function as a tumor suppressor, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene are associated with blood pressure variation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| ZNF200 | zinc finger protein 200| |
| SMCO4 | single-pass membrane protein with coiled-coil domains 4| |
| IDH2 | isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial|Isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate. These enzymes belong to two distinct subclasses, one of which utilizes NAD(+) as the electron acceptor and the other NADP(+). Five isocitrate dehydrogenases have been reported: three NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, which localize to the mitochondrial matrix, and two NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, one of which is mitochondrial and the other predominantly cytosolic. Each NADP(+)-dependent isozyme is a homodimer. The protein encoded by this gene is the NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase found in the mitochondria. It plays a role in intermediary metabolism and energy production. This protein may tightly associate or interact with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| IDH1 | isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble|Isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate. These enzymes belong to two distinct subclasses, one of which utilizes NAD(+) as the electron acceptor and the other NADP(+). Five isocitrate dehydrogenases have been reported: three NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, which localize to the mitochondrial matrix, and two NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, one of which is mitochondrial and the other predominantly cytosolic. Each NADP(+)-dependent isozyme is a homodimer. The protein encoded by this gene is the NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase found in the cytoplasm and peroxisomes. It contains the PTS-1 peroxisomal targeting signal sequence. The presence of this enzyme in peroxisomes suggests roles in the regeneration of NADPH for intraperoxisomal reductions, such as the conversion of 2, 4-dienoyl-CoAs to 3-enoyl-CoAs, as well as in peroxisomal reactions that consume 2-oxoglutarate, namely the alpha-hydroxylation of phytanic acid. The cytoplasmic enzyme serves a significant role in cytoplasmic NADPH production. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| EVX1 | even-skipped homeobox 1|This gene encodes a member of the even-skipped homeobox family characterized by the presence of a homeodomain closely related to the Drosophila even-skipped (eve) segmentation gene of the pair-rule class. The encoded protein may play an important role as a transcriptional repressor during embryogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF208 | zinc finger protein 208|Zinc finger proteins (ZNFs), such as ZNF208, bind DNA and, through this binding, regulate gene transcription. Most ZNFs contain conserved C2H2 motifs and are classified as Kruppel-type zinc fingers. A conserved protein motif, termed the Kruppel-associated box (KRAB) domain, mediates protein-protein interactions (Eichler et al., 1998 [PubMed 9724325]). See ZNF91 (MIM 603971) for further information on ZNFs.[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2009] |
| PASK | PAS domain containing serine/threonine kinase|This gene encodes a member of the serine/threonine kinase family that contains two PAS domains. Expression of this gene is regulated by glucose, and the encoded protein plays a role in the regulation of insulin gene expression. Downregulation of this gene may play a role in type 2 diabetes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| SETD9 | SET domain containing 9| |
| SURF1 | surfeit 1|This gene encodes a protein localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane and thought to be involved in the biogenesis of the cytochrome c oxidase complex. The protein is a member of the SURF1 family, which includes the related yeast protein SHY1 and rickettsial protein RP733. The gene is located in the surfeit gene cluster, a group of very tightly linked genes that do not share sequence similarity, where it shares a bidirectional promoter with SURF2 on the opposite strand. Defects in this gene are a cause of Leigh syndrome, a severe neurological disorder that is commonly associated with systemic cytochrome c oxidase deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SH2D2A | SH2 domain containing 2A|This gene encodes an adaptor protein thought to function in T-cell signal transduction. A related protein in mouse is responsible for the activation of lymphocyte-specific protein-tyrosine kinase and functions in downstream signaling. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| PRR14L | proline rich 14-like| |
| PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase)|Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), also known as cyclooxygenase, is the key enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis, and acts both as a dioxygenase and as a peroxidase. There are two isozymes of PTGS: a constitutive PTGS1 and an inducible PTGS2, which differ in their regulation of expression and tissue distribution. This gene encodes the inducible isozyme. It is regulated by specific stimulatory events, suggesting that it is responsible for the prostanoid biosynthesis involved in inflammation and mitogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| HECA | headcase homolog (Drosophila)|This gene encodes the homolog of the Drosophila headcase protein, a highly basic, cytoplasmic protein that regulates the re-entry of imaginal cells into the mitotic cycle during adult morphogenesis. In Drosophila, the encoded protein also inhibits terminal branching of neighboring cells during tracheal development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EGFL7 | EGF-like-domain, multiple 7|This gene encodes a secreted endothelial cell protein that contains two epidermal growth factor-like domains. The encoded protein may play a role in regulating vasculogenesis. This protein may be involved in the growth and proliferation of tumor cells. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| SETD3 | SET domain containing 3| |
| SETD2 | SET domain containing 2|Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of striatal neurons, is caused by an expansion of a polyglutamine tract in the HD protein huntingtin. This gene encodes a protein belonging to a class of huntingtin interacting proteins characterized by WW motifs. This protein is a histone methyltransferase that is specific for lysine-36 of histone H3, and methylation of this residue is associated with active chromatin. This protein also contains a novel transcriptional activation domain and has been found associated with hyperphosphorylated RNA polymerase II. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| SETD5 | SET domain containing 5|This function of this gene has yet to be determined but mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal dominant mental retardation-23. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| SETD4 | SET domain containing 4| |
| SETD7 | SET domain containing (lysine methyltransferase) 7| |
| SETD6 | SET domain containing 6| |
| PSRC1 | proline/serine-rich coiled-coil 1|This gene encodes a proline-rich protein that is a target for regulation by the tumor suppressor protein p53. The encoded protein plays an important role in mitosis by recruiting and regulating microtubule depolymerases that destabalize microtubules. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| TRPM7 | transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 7|The protein encoded by this gene is both an ion channel and a serine/threonine protein kinase. The kinase activity is essential for the ion channel function, which serves to increase intracellular calcium levels and to help regulate magnesium ion homeostasis. Defects in this gene are a cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism/dementia complex of Guam. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| SOS1 | son of sevenless homolog 1 (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a protein that is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for RAS proteins, membrane proteins that bind guanine nucleotides and participate in signal transduction pathways. GTP binding activates and GTP hydrolysis inactivates RAS proteins. The product of this gene may regulate RAS proteins by facilitating the exchange of GTP for GDP. Mutations in this gene are associated with gingival fibromatosis 1 and Noonan syndrome type 4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DZIP1 | DAZ interacting zinc finger protein 1| |
| PRAMEF16 | PRAME family member 16| |
| PRAMEF17 | PRAME family member 17| |
| PRAMEF14 | PRAME family member 14| |
| PRAMEF12 | PRAME family member 12| |
| PRAMEF10 | PRAME family member 10| |
| SURF4 | surfeit 4|This gene is located in the surfeit gene cluster, which is comprised of very tightly linked housekeeping genes that do not share sequence similarity. The encoded protein is a conserved integral membrane protein that interacts with endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment proteins. Disruption of this gene results in reduced numbers of endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment clusters and redistribution of coat protein I to the cytosol. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase)|This is one of two genes encoding similar enzymes that catalyze the conversion of arachinodate to prostaglandin. The encoded protein regulates angiogenesis in endothelial cells, and is inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin. Based on its ability to function as both a cyclooxygenase and as a peroxidase, the encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein. The protein may promote cell proliferation during tumor progression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| PRSS21 | protease, serine, 21 (testisin)|This gene encodes a cell-surface anchored serine protease, which is a member of the trypsin family of serine proteases. The encoded protein is predicted to be active on peptide linkages involving the carboxyl group of lysine or arginine. The encoded protein localizes to the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of premeiotic testicular germ cells and may be involved in progression of testicular tumors of germ cell origin. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| PRSS23 | protease, serine, 23|This gene encodes a conserved member of the trypsin family of serine proteases. Mouse studies found a decrease of mRNA levels of this gene after ovulation was induced. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| LXN | latexin|This gene encodes the only known protein inhibitor of zinc-dependent metallocarboxypeptidases. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| SURF6 | surfeit 6|This gene encodes a conserved protein that is localized to the nucleolus. The encoded protein may function as a nucleolar-matrix protein with nucleic acid-binding properties. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome Y. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| RGP1 | RGP1 retrograde golgi transport homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| VIPAS39 | VPS33B interacting protein, apical-basolateral polarity regulator, spe-39 homolog|This gene encodes a protein involved in the sorting of lysosomal proteins. Mutations in this gene are associated with ARCS2 (arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis-2). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| EME2 | essential meiotic structure-specific endonuclease subunit 2|EME2 forms a heterodimer with MUS81 (MIM 606591) that functions as an XPF (MIM 278760)-type flap/fork endonuclease in DNA repair (Ciccia et al., 2007 [PubMed 17289582]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ZMYND10 | zinc finger, MYND-type containing 10| |
| AKNA | AT-hook transcription factor| |
| DUOX1 | dual oxidase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a glycoprotein and a member of the NADPH oxidase family. The synthesis of thyroid hormone is catalyzed by a protein complex located at the apical membrane of thyroid follicular cells. This complex contains an iodide transporter, thyroperoxidase, and a peroxide generating system that includes proteins encoded by this gene and the similar DUOX2 gene. This protein is known as dual oxidase because it has both a peroxidase homology domain and a gp91phox domain. This protein generates hydrogen peroxide and thereby plays a role in the activity of thyroid peroxidase, lactoperoxidase, and in lactoperoxidase-mediated antimicrobial defense at mucosal surfaces. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| IGHA1 | immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1| |
| DUX3 | double homeobox 3|The human genome contains hundreds of repeats of the 3.3-kb family in regions associated with heterochromatin. The DUX gene family, including DUX3, resides within these 3.3-kb repeated elements (Beckers et al., 2001 [PubMed 11245978]). See DUX4 (MIM 606009).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| LSM6 | LSM6 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae)|Sm-like proteins were identified in a variety of organisms based on sequence homology with the Sm protein family (see SNRPD2; MIM 601061). Sm-like proteins contain the Sm sequence motif, which consists of 2 regions separated by a linker of variable length that folds as a loop. The Sm-like proteins are thought to form a stable heteromer present in tri-snRNP particles, which are important for pre-mRNA splicing.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| VENTX | VENT homeobox|This gene encodes a member of the Vent family of homeodomain proteins. The encoded protein may function as a transcriptional repressor and be involved in mesodermal patterning and hemopoietic stem cell maintenance. Multiple pseudogenes exist for this gene. A transcribed pseudogene located on chromosome X may lead to antigen production in certain melanomas. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IGFALS | insulin-like growth factor binding protein, acid labile subunit|The protein encoded by this gene is a serum protein that binds insulin-like growth factors, increasing their half-life and their vascular localization. Production of the encoded protein, which contains twenty leucine-rich repeats, is stimulated by growth hormone. Defects in this gene are a cause of acid-labile subunit deficiency, which maifests itself in a delayed and slow puberty. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| GLYR1 | glyoxylate reductase 1 homolog (Arabidopsis)| |
| IL1RN | interleukin 1 receptor antagonist|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This protein inhibits the activities of interleukin 1, alpha (IL1A) and interleukin 1, beta (IL1B), and modulates a variety of interleukin 1 related immune and inflammatory responses. This gene and five other closely related cytokine genes form a gene cluster spanning approximately 400 kb on chromosome 2. A polymorphism of this gene is reported to be associated with increased risk of osteoporotic fractures and gastric cancer. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPX7 | glutathione peroxidase 7| |
| ATP2B2 | ATPase, Ca++ transporting, plasma membrane 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type primary ion transport ATPases characterized by the formation of an aspartyl phosphate intermediate during the reaction cycle. These enzymes remove bivalent calcium ions from eukaryotic cells against very large concentration gradients and play a critical role in intracellular calcium homeostasis. The mammalian plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoforms are encoded by at least four separate genes and the diversity of these enzymes is further increased by alternative splicing of transcripts. The expression of different isoforms and splice variants is regulated in a developmental, tissue- and cell type-specific manner, suggesting that these pumps are functionally adapted to the physiological needs of particular cells and tissues. This gene encodes the plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCNXL4 | pecanex-like 4 (Drosophila)| |
| PCNXL3 | pecanex-like 3 (Drosophila)| |
| ECH1 | enoyl CoA hydratase 1, peroxisomal|This gene encodes a member of the hydratase/isomerase superfamily. The gene product shows high sequence similarity to enoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) hydratases of several species, particularly within a conserved domain characteristic of these proteins. The encoded protein, which contains a C-terminal peroxisomal targeting sequence, localizes to the peroxisome. The rat ortholog, which localizes to the matrix of both the peroxisome and mitochondria, can isomerize 3-trans,5-cis-dienoyl-CoA to 2-trans,4-trans-dienoyl-CoA, indicating that it is a delta3,5-delta2,4-dienoyl-CoA isomerase. This enzyme functions in the auxiliary step of the fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway. Expression of the rat gene is induced by peroxisome proliferators. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RRM2B | ribonucleotide reductase M2 B (TP53 inducible)|This gene encodes the small subunit of a p53-inducible ribonucleotide reductase. This heterotetrameric enzyme catalyzes the conversion of ribonucleoside diphosphates to deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates. The product of this reaction is necessary for DNA synthesis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia-5, and mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| NPPB | natriuretic peptide B|This gene is a member of the natriuretic peptide family and encodes a secreted protein which functions as a cardiac hormone. The protein undergoes two cleavage events, one within the cell and a second after secretion into the blood. The protein's biological actions include natriuresis, diuresis, vasorelaxation, inhibition of renin and aldosterone secretion, and a key role in cardiovascular homeostasis. A high concentration of this protein in the bloodstream is indicative of heart failure. The protein also acts as an antimicrobial peptide with antibacterial and antifungal activity. Mutations in this gene have been associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| ACSF2 | acyl-CoA synthetase family member 2| |
| NPPA | natriuretic peptide A|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the natriuretic peptide family. Natriuretic peptides are implicated in the control of extracellular fluid volume and electrolyte homeostasis. This protein is synthesized as a large precursor (containing a signal peptide), which is processed to release a peptide from the N-terminus with similarity to vasoactive peptide, cardiodilatin, and another peptide from the C-terminus with natriuretic-diuretic activity. Mutations in this gene have been associated with atrial fibrillation familial type 6. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| P4HA1 | prolyl 4-hydroxylase, alpha polypeptide I|This gene encodes a component of prolyl 4-hydroxylase, a key enzyme in collagen synthesis composed of two identical alpha subunits and two beta subunits. The encoded protein is one of several different types of alpha subunits and provides the major part of the catalytic site of the active enzyme. In collagen and related proteins, prolyl 4-hydroxylase catalyzes the formation of 4-hydroxyproline that is essential to the proper three-dimensional folding of newly synthesized procollagen chains. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EFS | embryonal Fyn-associated substrate|The longest protein isoform encoded by this gene contains an SH3 domain, which is known to be important in intracellular signal transduction. The protein encoded by a similiar gene in mice was shown to bind to SH3 domains of protein-tyrosine kinases. The function of this gene is unknown. Three alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| FRZB | frizzled-related protein|The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted protein that is involved in the regulation of bone development. Defects in this gene are a cause of female-specific osteoarthritis (OA) susceptibility. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| SPRR2E | small proline-rich protein 2E|This gene encodes a member of a family of small proline-rich proteins clustered in the epidermal differentiation complex on chromosome 1q21. The encoded protein, along with other family members, is a component of the cornified cell envelope that forms beneath the plasma membrane in terminally differentiated stratified squamous epithelia. This envelope serves as a barrier against extracellular and environmental factors. The seven SPRR2 genes (A-G) appear to have been homogenized by gene conversion compared to others in the cluster that exhibit greater differences in protein structure. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| SPRR2D | small proline-rich protein 2D| |
| SPRR2G | small proline-rich protein 2G| |
| SPRR2A | small proline-rich protein 2A| |
| BRE | brain and reproductive organ-expressed (TNFRSF1A modulator)| |
| SPRR2B | small proline-rich protein 2B| |
| RAD18 | RAD18 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to S. cerevisiae DNA damage repair protein Rad18. Yeast Rad18 functions through its interaction with Rad6, which is an ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme required for post-replication repair of damaged DNA. Similar to its yeast counterpart, this protein is able to interact with the human homolog of yeast Rad6 protein through a conserved ring-finger motif. Mutation of this motif results in defective replication of UV-damaged DNA and hypersensitivity to multiple mutagens. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HERC1 | HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase family member 1|This gen encodes a member of the HERC protein family. This protein stimulates guanine nucleotide exchange on ARF1 and Rab proteins. This protein may be involved in membrane transport processes. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| TP53 | tumor protein p53|This gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein containing transcriptional activation, DNA binding, and oligomerization domains. The encoded protein responds to diverse cellular stresses to regulate expression of target genes, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, DNA repair, or changes in metabolism. Mutations in this gene are associated with a variety of human cancers, including hereditary cancers such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Alternative splicing of this gene and the use of alternate promoters result in multiple transcript variants and isoforms. Additional isoforms have also been shown to result from the use of alternate translation initiation codons (PMIDs: 12032546, 20937277). [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013] |
| ST8SIA6 | ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 6|Sialic acid is a key determinate of oligosaccharide structures involved in cell-cell communication, cell-substrate interaction, adhesion, and protein targeting. ST8SIA6 belongs to a family of sialyltransferases (EC 2.4.99.8) that synthesize sialylglycoconjugates (Takashima et al., 2002 [PubMed 11980897]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CDHR2 | cadherin-related family member 2|This gene is a member of the protocadherin family, which represents a subset of the larger cadherin superfamily. The members of the protocadherin family encode non-classical cadherins that function as calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules. This protocadherin represents a new candidate for tumor suppression. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| ST8SIA4 | ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 4|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the polycondensation of alpha-2,8-linked sialic acid required for the synthesis of polysialic acid, a modulator of the adhesive properties of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM1). The encoded protein, which is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29, is a type II membrane protein that may be present in the Golgi apparatus. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ST8SIA3 | ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 3|ST8SIA3 belongs to a family of sialyltransferases that form sialyl-alpha-2,8-sialyl-R linkages at the nonreducing termini of glycoconjugates (Lee et al., 1998 [PubMed 9826427]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ST8SIA2 | ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a type II membrane protein that is thought to catalyze the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to N-linked oligosaccharides and glycoproteins. The encoded protein may be found in the Golgi apparatus and may be involved in the production of polysialic acid, a modulator of the adhesive properties of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM1). This protein is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SHQ1 | SHQ1, H/ACA ribonucleoprotein assembly factor|SHQ1 assists in the assembly of H/ACA-box ribonucleoproteins that function in the processing of ribosomal RNAs, modification of spliceosomal small nuclear RNAs, and stabilization of telomerase (see MIM 602322) (Grozdanov et al., 2009 [PubMed 19383767]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2010] |
| WNT10A | wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 10A|The WNT gene family consists of structurally related genes which encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. This gene is a member of the WNT gene family. It is strongly expressed in the cell lines of promyelocytic leukemia and Burkitt's lymphoma. In addition, it and another family member, the WNT6 gene, are strongly coexpressed in colorectal cancer cell lines. The gene overexpression may play key roles in carcinogenesis through activation of the WNT-beta-catenin-TCF signaling pathway. This gene and the WNT6 gene are clustered in the chromosome 2q35 region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STX1A | syntaxin 1A (brain)|This gene encodes a member of the syntaxin superfamily. Syntaxins are nervous system-specific proteins implicated in the docking of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane. Syntaxins possess a single C-terminal transmembrane domain, a SNARE [Soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein)-Attachment protein REceptor] domain (known as H3), and an N-terminal regulatory domain (Habc). Syntaxins bind synaptotagmin in a calcium-dependent fashion and interact with voltage dependent calcium and potassium channels via the C-terminal H3 domain. This gene product is a key molecule in ion channel regulation and synaptic exocytosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| FARS2 | phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial|Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are a class of enzymes that charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. This gene encodes a phenylalanine-tRNA synthetase (PheRS) localized to the mitochondrion which consists of a single polypeptide chain, unlike the (alpha-beta)2 structure of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cytoplasmic forms of PheRS. Structure analysis and catalytic properties indicate mitochondrial PheRSs may constitute a class of PheRS distinct from the enzymes found in prokaryotes and in the eukaryotic cytoplasm. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STX1B | syntaxin 1B|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a family of proteins thought to play a role in the exocytosis of synaptic vesicles. Vesicle exocytosis releases vesicular contents and is important to various cellular functions. For instance, the secretion of transmitters from neurons plays an important role in synaptic transmission. After exocytosis, the membrane and proteins from the vesicle are retrieved from the plasma membrane through the process of endocytosis. Mutations in this gene have been identified as one cause of fever-associated epilepsy syndromes. A possible link between this gene and Parkinson's disease has also been suggested. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| RABL2A | RAB, member of RAS oncogene family-like 2A|This gene is a member of the RAB gene family which belongs to the RAS GTPase superfamily. The proteins in the family of RAS-related signaling molecules are small GTP-binding proteins that play important roles in the regulation of exocytotic and endocytotic pathways. This gene maps to the site of an ancestral telomere fusion event and may be a subtelomeric gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| RPS15A | ribosomal protein S15a|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S8P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ALS2CR11 | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2 (juvenile) chromosome region, candidate 11| |
| ALS2CR12 | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2 (juvenile) chromosome region, candidate 12| |
| TDRD12 | tudor domain containing 12| |
| NSMAF | neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) activation associated factor|This gene encodes a WD-repeat protein that binds the cytoplasmic sphingomyelinase activation domain of the 55kD tumor necrosis factor receptor. This protein is required for TNF-mediated activation of neutral sphingomyelinase and may play a role in regulating TNF-induced cellular responses such as inflammation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| BTBD16 | BTB (POZ) domain containing 16| |
| HARS | histidyl-tRNA synthetase|Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are a class of enzymes that charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. The protein encoded by this gene is a cytoplasmic enzyme which belongs to the class II family of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. The enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of histidyl-transfer RNA, which is essential for the incorporation of histidine into proteins. The gene is located in a head-to-head orientation with HARSL on chromosome five, where the homologous genes share a bidirectional promoter. The gene product is a frequent target of autoantibodies in the human autoimmune disease polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| ARV1 | ARV1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| APTX | aprataxin|This gene encodes a member of the histidine triad (HIT) superfamily. The encoded protein may play a role in single-stranded DNA repair through its nucleotide-binding activity and its diadenosine polyphosphate hydrolase activity. Mutations in this gene have been associated with ataxia-ocular apraxia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| SIK1 | salt-inducible kinase 1| |
| LPXN | leupaxin|The product encoded by this gene is preferentially expressed in hematopoietic cells and belongs to the paxillin protein family. Similar to other members of this focal-adhesion-associated adaptor-protein family, it has four leucine-rich LD-motifs in the N-terminus and four LIM domains in the C-terminus. It may function in cell type-specific signaling by associating with PYK2, a member of focal adhesion kinase family. As a substrate for a tyrosine kinase in lymphoid cells, this protein may also function in, and be regulated by, tyrosine kinase activity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| CTDNEP1 | CTD nuclear envelope phosphatase 1| |
| SIK2 | salt-inducible kinase 2| |
| KRT80 | keratin 80, type II|Keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into epithelial keratins and hair keratins. This gene's expression profile shows that it encodes a type II epithelial keratin, although structurally the encoded protein is more like a type II hair keratin. This protein is involved in cell differentiation, localizing near desmosomal plaques in earlier stages of differentiation but then dispersing throughout the cytoplasm in terminally differentiating cells. The type II keratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q13. Two transcript variants encoding two different fully functional isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| KRT81 | keratin 81, type II|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. As a type II hair keratin, it is a basic protein which heterodimerizes with type I keratins to form hair and nails. The type II hair keratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q13 and are grouped into two distinct subfamilies based on structure similarity. One subfamily, consisting of KRTHB1, KRTHB3, and KRTHB6, is highly related. The other less-related subfamily includes KRTHB2, KRTHB4, and KRTHB5. All hair keratins are expressed in the hair follicle; this hair keratin, as well as KRTHB3 and KRTHB6, is found primarily in the hair cortex. Mutations in this gene and KRTHB6 have been observed in patients with a rare dominant hair disease, monilethrix. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRT82 | keratin 82, type II|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. As a type II hair keratin, it is a basic protein which heterodimerizes with type I keratins to form hair and nails. The type II hair keratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q13 and are grouped into two distinct subfamilies based on structure similarity. One subfamily, consisting of KRTHB1, KRTHB3, and KRTHB6, is highly related. The other less-related subfamily includes KRTHB2, KRTHB4, and KRTHB5. All hair keratins are expressed in the hair follicle; this keratin appears to be a hair cuticle-specific keratin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRT83 | keratin 83, type II|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. As a type II hair keratin, it is a basic protein which heterodimerizes with type I keratins to form hair and nails. The type II hair keratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q13 and are grouped into two distinct subfamilies based on structure similarity. One subfamily, consisting of KRTHB1, KRTHB3, and KRTHB6, is highly related. The other less-related subfamily includes KRTHB2, KRTHB4, and KRTHB5. All hair keratins are expressed in the hair follicle; this hair keratin, as well as KRTHB1 and KRTHB6, is found primarily in the hair cortex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CST9L | cystatin 9-like|The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a variety of human fluids and secretions. The cystatin locus on chromosome 20 contains the majority of the type 2 cystatin genes and pseudogenes. This gene is located in the cystatin locus and encodes a protein similar to mouse cystatin 9. Based on its testis-specific expression, it is likely to have a role in tissue reorganization during early testis development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRT85 | keratin 85, type II|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. As a type II hair keratin, it is a basic protein which heterodimerizes with type I keratins to form hair and nails. The type II hair keratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q13 and are grouped into two distinct subfamilies based on structure similarity. One subfamily, consisting of KRTHB1, KRTHB3, and KRTHB6, is highly related. The other less-related subfamily includes KRTHB2, KRTHB4, and KRTHB5. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KRT86 | keratin 86, type II|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. As a type II hair keratin, it is a basic protein which heterodimerizes with type I keratins to form hair and nails. The type II hair keratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q13 and are grouped into two distinct subfamilies based on structure similarity. One subfamily, consisting of KRTHB1, KRTHB3, and KRTHB6, is highly related. The other less-related subfamily includes KRTHB2, KRTHB4, and KRTHB5. All hair keratins are expressed in the hair follicle; this hair keratin, as well as KRTHB1 and KRTHB3, is found primarily in the hair cortex. Mutations in this gene and KRTHB1 have been observed in patients with a rare dominant hair disease, monilethrix. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAB22A | RAB22A, member RAS oncogene family|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAB family of small GTPases. The GTP-bound form of the encoded protein has been shown to interact with early-endosomal antigen 1, and may be involved in the trafficking of and interaction between endosomal compartments. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C19orf80 | chromosome 19 open reading frame 80| |
| C19orf81 | chromosome 19 open reading frame 81| |
| DUS3L | dihydrouridine synthase 3-like (S. cerevisiae)| |
| WAC | WW domain containing adaptor with coiled-coil|The protein encoded by this gene contains a WW domain, which is a protein module found in a wide range of signaling proteins. This domain mediates protein-protein interactions and binds proteins containing short linear peptide motifs that are proline-rich or contain at least one proline. This gene product shares 94% sequence identity with the WAC protein in mouse, however, its exact function is not known. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| CCDC136 | coiled-coil domain containing 136| |
| NCS1 | neuronal calcium sensor 1|This gene is a member of the neuronal calcium sensor gene family, which encode calcium-binding proteins expressed predominantly in neurons. The protein encoded by this gene regulates G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation in a calcium-dependent manner and can substitute for calmodulin. The protein is associated with secretory granules and modulates synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SALL4 | spalt-like transcription factor 4|The protein encoded by this gene may be a zinc finger transcription factor. Defects in this gene are a cause of Duane-radial ray syndrome (DRRS). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAST2 | microtubule associated serine/threonine kinase 2| |
| MAST3 | microtubule associated serine/threonine kinase 3| |
| SALL1 | spalt-like transcription factor 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcriptional repressor and may be part of the NuRD histone deacetylase complex (HDAC). Defects in this gene are a cause of Townes-Brocks syndrome (TBS) as well as bronchio-oto-renal syndrome (BOR). Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SALL3 | spalt-like transcription factor 3|This gene encodes a sal-like C2H2-type zinc-finger protein, and belongs to a family of evolutionarily conserved genes found in species as diverse as Drosophila, C. elegans, and vertebrates. Mutations in some of these genes are associated with congenital disorders in human, suggesting their importance in embryonic development. This protein binds to DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3A), and reduces DNMT3A-mediated CpG island methylation. It is suggested that silencing of this gene, resulting in acceleration of DNA methylation, may have a role in oncogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| SALL2 | spalt-like transcription factor 2| |
| FAIM | Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule|The protein encoded by this gene protects against death receptor-triggered apoptosis and regulates B-cell signaling and differentiation. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| CD180 | CD180 molecule|CD180 is a cell surface molecule consisting of extracellular leucine-rich repeats (LRR) and a short cytoplasmic tail. The extracellular LRR is associated with a molecule called MD-1 and form the cell surface receptor complex, RP105/MD-1. It belongs to the family of pathogen receptors, Toll-like receptors (TLR). RP105/MD1, by working in concert with TLR4, controls B cell recognition and signaling of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a membrane constituent of Gram-negative bacteria. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| WAS | Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome|The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) family of proteins share similar domain structure, and are involved in transduction of signals from receptors on the cell surface to the actin cytoskeleton. The presence of a number of different motifs suggests that they are regulated by a number of different stimuli, and interact with multiple proteins. Recent studies have demonstrated that these proteins, directly or indirectly, associate with the small GTPase, Cdc42, known to regulate formation of actin filaments, and the cytoskeletal organizing complex, Arp2/3. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is a rare, inherited, X-linked, recessive disease characterized by immune dysregulation and microthrombocytopenia, and is caused by mutations in the WAS gene. The WAS gene product is a cytoplasmic protein, expressed exclusively in hematopoietic cells, which show signalling and cytoskeletal abnormalities in WAS patients. A transcript variant arising as a result of alternative promoter usage, and containing a different 5' UTR sequence, has been described, however, its full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RBFOX2 | RNA binding protein, fox-1 homolog (C. elegans) 2|This gene is one of several human genes similar to the C. elegans gene Fox-1. This gene encodes an RNA binding protein that is thought to be a key regulator of alternative exon splicing in the nervous system and other cell types. The protein binds to a conserved UGCAUG element found downstream of many alternatively spliced exons and promotes inclusion of the alternative exon in mature transcripts. The protein also interacts with the estrogen receptor 1 transcription factor and regulates estrogen receptor 1 transcriptional activity. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAB9A | RAB9A, member RAS oncogene family| |
| CYP1A1 | cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1|This gene, CYP1A1, encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and its expression is induced by some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), some of which are found in cigarette smoke. The enzyme's endogenous substrate is unknown; however, it is able to metabolize some PAHs to carcinogenic intermediates. The gene has been associated with lung cancer risk. A related family member, CYP1A2, is located approximately 25 kb away from CYP1A1 on chromosome 15. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CYP1A2 | cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 2|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and its expression is induced by some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), some of which are found in cigarette smoke. The enzyme's endogenous substrate is unknown; however, it is able to metabolize some PAHs to carcinogenic intermediates. Other xenobiotic substrates for this enzyme include caffeine, aflatoxin B1, and acetaminophen. The transcript from this gene contains four Alu sequences flanked by direct repeats in the 3' untranslated region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAB9B | RAB9B, member RAS oncogene family|This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of RAS small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins that regulate membrane trafficking. The encoded protein may be involved in endosome-to-Golgi transport. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| GALK2 | galactokinase 2|This gene encodes a highly efficient N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) kinase, which has galactokinase activity when galactose is present at high concentrations. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| C5orf34 | chromosome 5 open reading frame 34| |
| C5orf30 | chromosome 5 open reading frame 30| |
| STX11 | syntaxin 11|This gene encodes a member of the syntaxin family. Syntaxins have been implicated in the targeting and fusion of intracellular transport vesicles. This family member may regulate protein transport among late endosomes and the trans-Golgi network. Mutations in this gene have been associated with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STX10 | syntaxin 10|This gene belongs to the syntaxin family and encodes a soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE). The encoded protein is involved in docking and fusion events at the Golgi apparatus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| FARSA | phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, alpha subunit|Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are a class of enzymes that charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. This gene encodes a product which is similar to the catalytic subunit of prokaryotic and Saccharomyces cerevisiae phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases (PheRS). This gene product has been shown to be expressed in a tumor-selective and cell cycle stage- and differentiation-dependent manner, the first member of the tRNA synthetase gene family shown to exhibit this type of regulated expression [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FIS1 | fission 1 (mitochondrial outer membrane) homolog (S. cerevisiae)|The balance between fission and fusion regulates the morphology of mitochondria. TTC11 is a component of a mitochondrial complex that promotes mitochondrial fission (James et al., 2003 [PubMed 12783892]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| STX17 | syntaxin 17| |
| STX16 | syntaxin 16|This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the syntaxin or t-SNARE (target-SNAP receptor) family. These proteins are found on cell membranes and serve as the targets for V-SNARES (vesicle-SNAP receptors) permitting specific synaptic vesicle docking and fusion. A microdeletion in the region of chromosome 20 where this gene is located has been associated with pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib. Multiple transcript variants have been found for this gene. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the neighboring downstream aminopeptidase-like 1 (NPEPL1) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| STX19 | syntaxin 19| |
| STX18 | syntaxin 18| |
| ZMIZ1 | zinc finger, MIZ-type containing 1|This gene encodes a member of the PIAS (protein inhibitor of activated STAT) family of proteins. The encoded protein regulates the activity of various transcription factors, including the androgen receptor, Smad3/4, and p53. The encoded protein may also play a role in sumoylation. A translocation between this locus on chromosome 10 and the protein tyrosine kinase ABL1 locus on chromosome 9 has been associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| C9orf78 | chromosome 9 open reading frame 78| |
| IFITM3 | interferon induced transmembrane protein 3|The protein encoded by this gene is an interferon-induced membrane protein that helps confer immunity to influenza A H1N1 virus, West Nile virus, and dengue virus. Two transcript variants, only one of them protein-coding, have been found for this gene. Another variant encoding an N-terminally truncated isoform has been reported, but the full-length nature of this variant has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| HBD | hemoglobin, delta|The delta (HBD) and beta (HBB) genes are normally expressed in the adult: two alpha chains plus two beta chains constitute HbA, which in normal adult life comprises about 97% of the total hemoglobin. Two alpha chains plus two delta chains constitute HbA-2, which with HbF comprises the remaining 3% of adult hemoglobin. Five beta-like globin genes are found within a 45 kb cluster on chromosome 11 in the following order: 5'-epsilon--Ggamma--Agamma--delta--beta-3'. Mutations in the delta-globin gene are associated with beta-thalassemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CUTA | cutA divalent cation tolerance homolog (E. coli)| |
| BPGM | 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase|2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) is a small molecule found at high concentrations in red blood cells where it binds to and decreases the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. This gene encodes a multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes 2,3-DPG synthesis via its synthetase activity, and 2,3-DPG degradation via its phosphatase activity. The enzyme also has phosphoglycerate phosphomutase activity. Deficiency of this enzyme increases the affinity of cells for oxygen. Mutations in this gene result in hemolytic anemia. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| CUTC | cutC copper transporter|Members of the CUT family of copper transporters are associated with copper homeostasis and are involved in the uptake, storage, delivery, and efflux of copper (Gupta et al., 1995 [PubMed 7635807]; Li et al., 2005 [PubMed 16182249]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| LIPC | lipase, hepatic|LIPC encodes hepatic triglyceride lipase, which is expressed in liver. LIPC has the dual functions of triglyceride hydrolase and ligand/bridging factor for receptor-mediated lipoprotein uptake. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MOSPD2 | motile sperm domain containing 2| |
| MOSPD1 | motile sperm domain containing 1| |
| ATP11C | ATPase, class VI, type 11C| |
| ATP11B | ATPase, class VI, type 11B|P-type ATPases, such as ATP11B, are phosphorylated in their intermediate state and drive uphill transport of ions across membranes. Several subfamilies of P-type ATPases have been identified. One subfamily transports heavy metal ions, such as Cu(2+) or Cd(2+). Another subfamily transports non-heavy metal ions, such as H(+), Na(+), K(+), or Ca(+). A third subfamily transports amphipaths, such as phosphatidylserine.[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2005] |
| ATP11A | ATPase, class VI, type 11A|The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane ATPase. The encoded protein is probably phosphorylated in its intermediate state and likely drives the transport of ions such as calcium across membranes. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TROAP | trophinin associated protein| |
| PAN3 | PAN3 poly(A) specific ribonuclease subunit| |
| PAN2 | PAN2 poly(A) specific ribonuclease subunit|This gene encodes a deadenylase that functions as the catalytic subunit of the polyadenylate binding protein dependent poly(A) nuclease complex. The encoded protein is a magnesium dependent 3' to 5' exoribonuclease that is involved in the degradation of cytoplasmic mRNAs. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| GNAT2 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha transducing activity polypeptide 2|Transducin is a 3-subunit guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) which stimulates the coupling of rhodopsin and cGMP-phoshodiesterase during visual impulses. The transducin alpha subunits in rods and cones are encoded by separate genes. This gene encodes the alpha subunit in cones. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HPCAL4 | hippocalcin like 4|The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to human hippocalcin protein and hippocalcin like-1 protein. It also has similarity to rat neural visinin-like Ca2+-binding protein-type 1 and 2 proteins. This encoded protein may be involved in the calcium-dependent regulation of rhodopsin phosphorylation. The transcript of this gene has multiple polyadenylation sites. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| STK31 | serine/threonine kinase 31|This gene is similar to a mouse gene that encodes a putative protein kinase with a tudor domain, and shows testis-specific expression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LIPF | lipase, gastric|This gene encodes gastric lipase, an enzyme involved in the digestion of dietary triglycerides in the gastrointestinal tract, and responsible for 30% of fat digestion processes occurring in human. It is secreted by gastric chief cells in the fundic mucosa of the stomach, and it hydrolyzes the ester bonds of triglycerides under acidic pH conditions. The gene is a member of a conserved gene family of lipases that play distinct roles in neutral lipid metabolism. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| PCDHGA10 | protocadherin gamma subfamily A, 10|This gene is a member of the protocadherin gamma gene cluster, one of three related clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. These gene clusters have an immunoglobulin-like organization, suggesting that a novel mechanism may be involved in their regulation and expression. The gamma gene cluster includes 22 genes divided into 3 subfamilies. Subfamily A contains 12 genes, subfamily B contains 7 genes and 2 pseudogenes, and the more distantly related subfamily C contains 3 genes. The tandem array of 22 large, variable region exons are followed by a constant region, containing 3 exons shared by all genes in the cluster. Each variable region exon encodes the extracellular region, which includes 6 cadherin ectodomains and a transmembrane region. The constant region exons encode the common cytoplasmic region. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been described for the gamma cluster genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHGA11 | protocadherin gamma subfamily A, 11|This gene is a member of the protocadherin gamma gene cluster, one of three related clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. These gene clusters have an immunoglobulin-like organization, suggesting that a novel mechanism may be involved in their regulation and expression. The gamma gene cluster includes 22 genes divided into 3 subfamilies. Subfamily A contains 12 genes, subfamily B contains 7 genes and 2 pseudogenes, and the more distantly related subfamily C contains 3 genes. The tandem array of 22 large, variable region exons are followed by a constant region, containing 3 exons shared by all genes in the cluster. Each variable region exon encodes the extracellular region, which includes 6 cadherin ectodomains and a transmembrane region. The constant region exons encode the common cytoplasmic region. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been described for the gamma cluster genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCDHGA12 | protocadherin gamma subfamily A, 12|This gene is a member of the protocadherin gamma gene cluster, one of three related clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. These gene clusters have an immunoglobulin-like organization, suggesting that a novel mechanism may be involved in their regulation and expression. The gamma gene cluster includes 22 genes divided into 3 subfamilies. Subfamily A contains 12 genes, subfamily B contains 7 genes and 2 pseudogenes, and the more distantly related subfamily C contains 3 genes. The tandem array of 22 large, variable region exons are followed by a constant region, containing 3 exons shared by all genes in the cluster. Each variable region exon encodes the extracellular region, which includes 6 cadherin ectodomains and a transmembrane region. The constant region exons encode the common cytoplasmic region. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been described for the gamma cluster genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TLN1 | talin 1|This gene encodes a cytoskeletal protein that is concentrated in areas of cell-substratum and cell-cell contacts. The encoded protein plays a significant role in the assembly of actin filaments and in spreading and migration of various cell types, including fibroblasts and osteoclasts. It codistributes with integrins in the cell surface membrane in order to assist in the attachment of adherent cells to extracellular matrices and of lymphocytes to other cells. The N-terminus of this protein contains elements for localization to cell-extracellular matrix junctions. The C-terminus contains binding sites for proteins such as beta-1-integrin, actin, and vinculin. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| DPP8 | dipeptidyl-peptidase 8|This gene encodes a member of the peptidase S9B family, a small family of dipeptidyl peptidases that are able to cleave peptide substrates at a prolyl bond. The encoded protein shares similarity with dipeptidyl peptidase IV in that it is ubiquitously expressed, and hydrolyzes the same substrates. These similarities suggest that, like dipeptidyl peptidase IV, this protein may play a role in T-cell activation and immune function. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DPP9 | dipeptidyl-peptidase 9|This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the S9B family in clan SC of the serine proteases. The protein has been shown to have post-proline dipeptidyl aminopeptidase activity, cleaving Xaa-Pro dipeptides from the N-termini of proteins. Although the activity of this protein is similar to that of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), it does not appear to be membrane bound. In general, dipeptidyl peptidases appear to be involved in the regulation of the activity of their substrates and have been linked to a variety of diseases including type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer. Several transcript variants of this gene have been described but not fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STK33 | serine/threonine kinase 33| |
| GBA | glucosidase, beta, acid|This gene encodes a lysosomal membrane protein that cleaves the beta-glucosidic linkage of glycosylceramide, an intermediate in glycolipid metabolism. Mutations in this gene cause Gaucher disease, a lysosomal storage disease characterized by an accumulation of glucocerebrosides. A related pseudogene is approximately 12 kb downstream of this gene on chromosome 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| OGDHL | oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-like| |
| DPP4 | dipeptidyl-peptidase 4|The protein encoded by this gene is identical to adenosine deaminase complexing protein-2, and to the T-cell activation antigen CD26. It is an intrinsic membrane glycoprotein and a serine exopeptidase that cleaves X-proline dipeptides from the N-terminus of polypeptides. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SUOX | sulfite oxidase|Sulfite oxidase is a homodimeric protein localized to the intermembrane space of mitochondria. Each subunit contains a heme domain and a molybdopterin-binding domain. The enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate, the final reaction in the oxidative degradation of the sulfur amino acids cysteine and methionine. Sulfite oxidase deficiency results in neurological abnormalities which are often fatal at an early age. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding identical proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC27A4 | solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 4|This gene encodes a member of a family of fatty acid transport proteins, which are involved in translocation of long-chain fatty acids cross the plasma membrane. This protein is expressed at high levels on the apical side of mature enterocytes in the small intestine, and appears to be the principal fatty acid transporter in enterocytes. Clinical studies suggest this gene as a candidate gene for the insulin resistance syndrome. Mutations in this gene have been associated with ichthyosis prematurity syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| STRN | striatin, calmodulin binding protein| |
| CEP68 | centrosomal protein 68kDa| |
| KNOP1 | lysine-rich nucleolar protein 1| |
| CEP63 | centrosomal protein 63kDa|This gene encodes a protein with six coiled-coil domains. The protein is localized to the centrosome, a non-membraneous organelle that functions as the major microtubule-organizing center in animal cells. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COQ10B | coenzyme Q10 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)| |
| GLTSCR1 | glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 1| |
| GLTSCR2 | glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 2| |
| STK38 | serine/threonine kinase 38|This gene encodes a member of the AGC serine/threonine kinase family of proteins. The kinase activity of this protein is regulated by autophosphorylation and phosphorylation by other upstream kinases. This protein has been shown to function in the cell cycle and apoptosis. This protein has also been found to regulate the protein stability and transcriptional activity of the MYC oncogene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| IK | IK cytokine, down-regulator of HLA II|The protein encoded by this gene was identified by its RED repeat, a stretch of repeated arginine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid residues. The protein localizes to discrete dots within the nucleus, excluding the nucleolus. Its function is unknown. This gene maps to chromosome 5; however, a pseudogene may exist on chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MCIDAS | multiciliate differentiation and DNA synthesis associated cell cycle protein| |
| PHF5A | PHD finger protein 5A|This gene encodes a subunit of the splicing factor 3b protein complex. Splicing factor 3b, together with splicing factor 3a and a 12S RNA unit, forms the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins complex (U2 snRNP). The splicing factor 3b/3a complex binds pre-mRNA upstream of the intron's branch site in a sequence-independent manner and may anchor the U2 snRNP to the pre-mRNA. The protein encoded by this gene contains a PHD-finger-like domain that is flanked by highly basic N- and C-termini. This protein belongs to the PHD-finger superfamily and may act as a chromatin-associated protein. This gene has several pseudogenes on different chromosomes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPS16 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S16|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S16P family. The encoded protein is one of the most highly conserved ribosomal proteins between mammalian and yeast mitochondria. Three pseudogenes (located at 8q21.3, 20q13.32, 22q12-q13.1) for this gene have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SCN2A | sodium channel, voltage gated, type II alpha subunit|Voltage-gated sodium channels are transmembrane glycoprotein complexes composed of a large alpha subunit with 24 transmembrane domains and one or more regulatory beta subunits. They are responsible for the generation and propagation of action potentials in neurons and muscle. This gene encodes one member of the sodium channel alpha subunit gene family. It is heterogeneously expressed in the brain, and mutations in this gene have been linked to several seizure disorders. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HS1BP3 | HCLS1 binding protein 3|The protein encoded by this gene shares similarity with mouse Hs1bp3, an Hcls1/Hs1-interacting protein that may be involved in lymphocyte activation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BCL2L12 | BCL2-like 12 (proline rich)|This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins containing a Bcl-2 homology domain 2 (BH2). The encoded protein is an anti-apoptotic factor that acts as an inhibitor of caspases 3 and 7 in the cytoplasm. In the nucleus, it binds to the p53 tumor suppressor protein, preventing its association with target genes. Overexpression of this gene has been detected in a number of different cancers. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 3. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| NOC3L | nucleolar complex associated 3 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| RNFT2 | ring finger protein, transmembrane 2| |
| RNFT1 | ring finger protein, transmembrane 1| |
| HBP1 | HMG-box transcription factor 1| |
| HIAT1 | hippocampus abundant transcript 1| |
| SECISBP2 | SECIS binding protein 2|The incorporation of selenocysteine into a protein requires the concerted action of an mRNA element called a sec insertion sequence (SECIS), a selenocysteine-specific translation elongation factor and a SECIS binding protein. With these elements in place, a UGA codon can be decoded as selenocysteine. The gene described in this record encodes a nuclear protein that functions as a SECIS binding protein. Mutations in this gene have been associated with a reduction in activity of a specific thyroxine deiodinase, a selenocysteine-containing enzyme, and abnormal thyroid hormone metabolism. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| CDKN2C | cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2C (p18, inhibits CDK4)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the INK4 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. This protein has been shown to interact with CDK4 or CDK6, and prevent the activation of the CDK kinases, thus function as a cell growth regulator that controls cell cycle G1 progression. Ectopic expression of this gene was shown to suppress the growth of human cells in a manner that appears to correlate with the presence of a wild-type RB1 function. Studies in the knockout mice suggested the roles of this gene in regulating spermatogenesis, as well as in suppressing tumorigenesis. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene, which encode an identical protein, have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ESCO2 | establishment of sister chromatid cohesion N-acetyltransferase 2|This gene encodes a protein that may have acetyltransferase activity and may be required for the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion during the S phase of mitosis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Roberts syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMEM167B | transmembrane protein 167B| |
| TMEM167A | transmembrane protein 167A| |
| CTRL | chymotrypsin-like| |
| ELOF1 | elongation factor 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| TRMT61A | tRNA methyltransferase 61A| |
| WRAP53 | WD repeat containing, antisense to TP53|This gene encodes an essential component of the telomerase holoenzyme complex, a ribonucleoprotein complex required for telomere synthesis. This protein is enriched in Cajal bodies, nuclear sites of RNP processing that are important for telomerase function. It interacts with dyskerin, TERT and TERC, other components of active telomerase, and with small Cajal body RNAs (scaRNAs), which are involved in modifying splicing RNAs. This mRNA also functions as a p53 antisense transcript, that regulates endogenous p53 mRNA levels and further induction of p53 protein by targeting the 5' untranslated region of p53 mRNA. Alternatively spliced transcript variants which differ only in the 5' UTR have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| MFHAS1 | malignant fibrous histiocytoma amplified sequence 1|Identified in a human 8p amplicon, this gene is a potential oncogene whose expression is enhanced in some malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH). The primary structure of its product includes an ATP/GTP-binding site, three leucine zipper domains, and a leucine-rich tandem repeat, which are structural or functional elements for interactions among proteins related to the cell cycle, and which suggest that overexpression might be oncogenic with respect to MFH. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRMT61B | tRNA methyltransferase 61B| |
| ZFYVE9 | zinc finger, FYVE domain containing 9|This gene encodes a double zinc finger motif-containing protein that participates in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) signalling pathway. The encoded protein interacts directly with SMAD2 and SMAD3, and recruits SMAD2 to the TGFB receptor. There are multiple pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes 2, 15, and X. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| DHX16 | DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box polypeptide 16|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein, which is a functional homolog of fission yeast Prp8 protein involved in cell cycle progression. This gene is mapped to the MHC region on chromosome 6p21.3, a region where many malignant, genetic and autoimmune disease genes are linked. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| DHX15 | DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box helicase 15|The protein encoded by this gene is a putative ATP-dependent RNA helicase implicated in pre-mRNA splicing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LEPROT | leptin receptor overlapping transcript|LEPROT is associated with the Golgi complex and endosomes and has a role in cell surface expression of growth hormone receptor (GHR; MIM 600946) and leptin receptor (OBR, or LEPR; MIM 601007), thereby altering receptor-mediated cell signaling (Couturier et al., 2007 [PubMed 18042720]; Touvier et al., 2009 [PubMed 19907080]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2010] |
| ZFYVE1 | zinc finger, FYVE domain containing 1|The FYVE domain mediates the recruitment of proteins involved in membrane trafficking and cell signaling to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate-containing membranes. This protein contains two zinc-binding FYVE domains in tandem and is reported to localize to the Golgi apparatus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| LDOC1 | leucine zipper, down-regulated in cancer 1|The protein encoded by this gene contains a leucine zipper-like motif and a proline-rich region that shares marked similarity with an SH3-binding domain. The protein localizes to the nucleus and is down-regulated in some cancer cell lines. It is thought to regulate the transcriptional response mediated by the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB). The gene has been proposed as a tumor suppressor gene whose protein product may have an important role in the development and/or progression of some cancers. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF556 | zinc finger protein 556| |
| MUM1 | melanoma associated antigen (mutated) 1| |
| RXFP1 | relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 1|This gene encodes a member of the leucine-rich repeat-containing subgroup of the G protein-coupled 7-transmembrane receptor superfamily. The encoded protein plays a critical role in sperm motility, pregnancy and parturition as a receptor for the protein hormone relaxin. Decreased expression of this gene may play a role in endometriosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| CCDC88A | coiled-coil domain containing 88A|This gene encodes a member of the Girdin family of coiled-coil domain containing proteins. The encoded protein is an actin-binding protein that is activated by the serine/threonine kinase Akt and plays a role in cytoskeleton remodeling and cell migration. The encoded protein also enhances Akt signaling by mediating phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent activation of Akt by growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases and G protein-coupled receptors. Increased expression of this gene and phosphorylation of the encoded protein may play a role in cancer metastasis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| RXFP3 | relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 3| |
| DGCR2 | DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 2|Deletions of the 22q11.2 have been associated with a wide range of developmental defects (notably DiGeorge syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome, conotruncal anomaly face syndrome and isolated conotruncal cardiac defects) classified under the acronym CATCH 22. The DGCR2 gene encodes a novel putative adhesion receptor protein, which could play a role in neural crest cells migration, a process which has been proposed to be altered in DiGeorge syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| H2AFB3 | H2A histone family, member B3|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene encodes a member of the histone H2A family. This gene is part of a region that is repeated three times on chromosome X, once in intron 22 of the F8 gene and twice closer to the Xq telomere. This record represents the most telomeric copy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RXFP4 | relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 4|GPR100 is a member of the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) (Fredriksson et al., 2003 [PubMed 14623098]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| H2AFB1 | H2A histone family, member B1|Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene encodes a member of the histone H2A family. This gene is part of a region that is repeated three times on chromosome X, once in intron 22 of the F8 gene and twice closer to the Xq telomere. This record represents the most centromeric copy which is in intron 22 of the F8 gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NDUFB10 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 10, 22kDa| |
| ZNF782 | zinc finger protein 782| |
| ZNF781 | zinc finger protein 781| |
| CTU1 | cytosolic thiouridylase subunit 1| |
| ZNF787 | zinc finger protein 787| |
| ZNF785 | zinc finger protein 785| |
| PITRM1 | pitrilysin metallopeptidase 1| |
| GOT2 | glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2, mitochondrial|Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase is a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme which exists in cytoplasmic and inner-membrane mitochondrial forms, GOT1 and GOT2, respectively. GOT plays a role in amino acid metabolism and the urea and tricarboxylic acid cycles. The two enzymes are homodimeric and show close homology. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2013] |
| RNASEK | ribonuclease, RNase K| |
| GOT1 | glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1, soluble|Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase is a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme which exists in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial forms, GOT1 and GOT2, respectively. GOT plays a role in amino acid metabolism and the urea and tricarboxylic acid cycles. The two enzymes are homodimeric and show close homology. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNASEL | ribonuclease L (2',5'-oligoisoadenylate synthetase-dependent)|This gene encodes a component of the interferon-regulated 2-5A system that functions in the antiviral and antiproliferative roles of interferons. Mutations in this gene have been associated with predisposition to prostate cancer and this gene is a candidate for the hereditary prostate cancer 1 (HPC1) allele. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNASE1 | ribonuclease, RNase A family, 1 (pancreatic)|This gene encodes a member of the pancreatic-type of secretory ribonucleases, a subset of the ribonuclease A superfamily. The encoded endonuclease cleaves internal phosphodiester RNA bonds on the 3'-side of pyrimidine bases. It prefers poly(C) as a substrate and hydrolyzes 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides, with a pH optimum near 8.0. The encoded protein is monomeric and more commonly acts to degrade ds-RNA over ss-RNA. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and four transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNASE3 | ribonuclease, RNase A family, 3|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pancreatic ribonuclease family, a subset of the ribonuclease A superfamily. The protein exhibits antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| RNASE2 | ribonuclease, RNase A family, 2 (liver, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin)|The protein encoded by this gene is a non-secretory ribonuclease that belongs to the pancreatic ribonuclease family, a subset of the ribonuclease A superfamily. The protein antimicrobial activity against viruses. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| RNASE4 | ribonuclease, RNase A family, 4|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pancreatic ribonuclease family. It plays an important role in mRNA cleavage and has marked specificity towards the 3' side of uridine nucleotides. Alternative splicing results in four transcript variants encoding the same protein. This gene and the gene that encodes angiogenin share promoters and 5' exons. Each gene splices to a unique downstream exon that contains its complete coding region. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| RNASE7 | ribonuclease, RNase A family, 7|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pancreatic ribonuclease family, a subset of the ribonuclease A superfamily. The protein has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| RNASE6 | ribonuclease, RNase A family, k6|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ribonuclease A superfamily and functions in the urinary tract. The protein has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| QTRT1 | queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase 1|This gene encodes the catalytic subunit of tRNA-guanine transglycosylase. tRNA-guanine transglycosylase is a heterodimeric enzyme complex that plays a critical role in tRNA modification by synthesizing the 7-deazaguanosine queuosine, which is found in tRNAs that code for asparagine, aspartic acid, histidine and tyrosine. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| OR2T6 | olfactory receptor, family 2, subfamily T, member 6|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SMIM20 | small integral membrane protein 20| |
| BRAT1 | BRCA1-associated ATM activator 1|The protein encoded by this ubiquitously expressed gene interacts with the tumor suppressing BRCA1 (breast cancer 1) protein and and the ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) protein. ATM is thought to be a master controller of cell cycle checkpoint signalling pathways that are required for cellular responses to DNA damage such as double-strand breaks that are induced by ionizing radiation and complexes with BRCA1 in the multi-protein complex BASC (BRAC1-associated genome surveillance complex). The protein encoded by this gene is thought to play a role in the DNA damage pathway regulated by BRCA1 and ATM. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| PMEL | premelanosome protein|This gene encodes a melanocyte-specific type I transmembrane glycoprotein. The encoded protein is enriched in melanosomes, which are the melanin-producing organelles in melanocytes, and plays an essential role in the structural organization of premelanosomes. This protein is involved in generating internal matrix fibers that define the transition from Stage I to Stage II melanosomes. This protein undergoes a complex pattern of prosttranslational processing and modification that is essential to the proper functioning of the protein. A secreted form of this protein that is released by proteolytic ectodomain shedding may be used as a melanoma-specific serum marker. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| FBXL8 | F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 8|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of the ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbls class. It shares 78% sequence identity with the mouse protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCDC89 | coiled-coil domain containing 89| |
| SH3D21 | SH3 domain containing 21| |
| CCR1 | chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1|This gene encodes a member of the beta chemokine receptor family, which is predicted to be a seven transmembrane protein similar to G protein-coupled receptors. The ligands of this receptor include macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), regulated on activation normal T expressed and secreted protein (RANTES), monocyte chemoattractant protein 3 (MCP-3), and myeloid progenitor inhibitory factor-1 (MPIF-1). Chemokines and their receptors mediated signal transduction are critical for the recruitment of effector immune cells to the site of inflammation. Knockout studies of the mouse homolog suggested the roles of this gene in host protection from inflammatory response, and susceptibility to virus and parasite. This gene and other chemokine receptor genes, including CCR2, CCRL2, CCR3, CCR5 and CCXCR1, are found to form a gene cluster on chromosome 3p. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ROBO1 | roundabout, axon guidance receptor, homolog 1 (Drosophila)|Bilateral symmetric nervous systems have special midline structures that establish a partition between the two mirror image halves. Some axons project toward and across the midline in response to long-range chemoattractants emanating from the midline. The product of this gene is a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily and encodes an integral membrane protein that functions in axon guidance and neuronal precursor cell migration. This receptor is activated by SLIT-family proteins, resulting in a repulsive effect on glioma cell guidance in the developing brain. A related gene is located at an adjacent region on chromosome 3. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| SIN3B | SIN3 transcription regulator family member B| |
| FBXL3 | F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 3|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbls class and, in addition to an F-box, contains several tandem leucine-rich repeats and is localized in the nucleus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FBXL2 | F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 2|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbls class and, in addition to an F-box, contains 12 tandem leucine-rich repeats. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| FBXL5 | F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 5|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbls class and, in addition to an F-box, contains several tandem leucine-rich repeats. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this locus. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| FBXL4 | F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 4|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family, which are characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. F-box proteins constitute one subunit of modular E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, called SCF complexes, which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box domain mediates protein-protein interactions and binds directly to S-phase kinase-associated protein 1. In addition to an F-box domain, the encoded protein contains at least 9 tandem leucine-rich repeats. The ubiquitin ligase complex containing the encoded protein may function in cell-cycle control by regulating levels of lysine-specific demethylase 4A. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| FBXL7 | F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 7|This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by a 42-48 amino acid motif, the F-box, which binds to the S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (Skp1) protein. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of E3 ubiquitin protein ligases called SCFs (SKP1-Cul1-F-box), which play a role in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination of proteins. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 subfamilies based on the other domain in the protein: F-box proteins that also have a WD-40 domain (Fbws subfamily), F-box proteins that also have leucine-rich repeats (Fbls subfamily) and F-box proteins that contain other motifs or lack known protein-interaction domains (Fbxs subfamily). The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbls subfamily. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| FBXL6 | F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 6|This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins that are characterized by an F-box motif. The encoded protein also contains leucine-rich repeats. F-box-containing proteins comprise one of the subunits of the SCF (SKP1-cullin-F-box) complex, which functions in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| CDC7 | cell division cycle 7|This gene encodes a cell division cycle protein with kinase activity that is critical for the G1/S transition. The yeast homolog is also essential for initiation of DNA replication as cell division occurs. Overexpression of this gene product may be associated with neoplastic transformation for some tumors. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode the same protein have been detected. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| SLC27A2 | solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 2|The protein encoded by this gene is an isozyme of long-chain fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligase family. Although differing in substrate specificity, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution, all isozymes of this family convert free long-chain fatty acids into fatty acyl-CoA esters, and thereby play a key role in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation. This isozyme activates long-chain, branched-chain and very-long-chain fatty acids containing 22 or more carbons to their CoA derivatives. It is expressed primarily in liver and kidney, and is present in both endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes, but not in mitochondria. Its decreased peroxisomal enzyme activity is in part responsible for the biochemical pathology in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| DARS2 | aspartyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. It is a mitochondrial enzyme that specifically aminoacylates aspartyl-tRNA. Mutations in this gene are associated with leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation (LBSL). [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| RRAS2 | related RAS viral (r-ras) oncogene homolog 2|This gene encodes a member of the R-Ras subfamily of Ras-like small GTPases. The encoded protein associates with the plasma membrane and may function as a signal transducer. This protein may play an important role in activating signal transduction pathways that control cell proliferation. Mutations in this gene are associated with the growth of certain tumors. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 1 and 2. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| ZNF569 | zinc finger protein 569| |
| ZNF568 | zinc finger protein 568| |
| ZNF567 | zinc finger protein 567| |
| ZNF566 | zinc finger protein 566| |
| ZNF565 | zinc finger protein 565| |
| ZNF564 | zinc finger protein 564| |
| ZNF563 | zinc finger protein 563| |
| ZNF562 | zinc finger protein 562| |
| ZNF561 | zinc finger protein 561| |
| ZNF560 | zinc finger protein 560| |
| STMN4 | stathmin-like 4| |
| STMN1 | stathmin 1|This gene belongs to the stathmin family of genes. It encodes a ubiquitous cytosolic phosphoprotein proposed to function as an intracellular relay integrating regulatory signals of the cellular environment. The encoded protein is involved in the regulation of the microtubule filament system by destabilizing microtubules. It prevents assembly and promotes disassembly of microtubules. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| RHOT2 | ras homolog family member T2|This gene encodes a member of the Rho family of GTPases. The encoded protein is localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane and plays a role in mitochondrial trafficking and fusion-fission dynamics. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| STMN3 | stathmin-like 3|This gene encodes a protein which is a member of the stathmin protein family. Members of this protein family form a complex with tubulins at a ratio of 2 tubulins for each stathmin protein. Microtubules require the ordered assembly of alpha- and beta-tubulins, and formation of a complex with stathmin disrupts microtubule formation and function. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 22. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| STMN2 | stathmin 2|This gene encodes a member of the stathmin family of phosphoproteins. Stathmin proteins function in microtubule dynamics and signal transduction. The encoded protein plays a regulatory role in neuronal growth and is also thought to be involved in osteogenesis. Reductions in the expression of this gene have been associated with Down's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| IKBIP | IKBKB interacting protein| |
| ACRBP | acrosin binding protein|The protein encoded by this gene is similar to proacrosin binding protein sp32 precursor found in mouse, guinea pig, and pig. This protein is located in the sperm acrosome and is thought to function as a binding protein to proacrosin for packaging and condensation of the acrosin zymogen in the acrosomal matrix. This protein is a member of the cancer/testis family of antigens and it is found to be immunogenic. In normal tissues, this mRNA is expressed only in testis, whereas it is detected in a range of different tumor types such as bladder, breast, lung, liver, and colon. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCR7 | chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 7|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family. This receptor was identified as a gene induced by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and is thought to be a mediator of EBV effects on B lymphocytes. This receptor is expressed in various lymphoid tissues and activates B and T lymphocytes. It has been shown to control the migration of memory T cells to inflamed tissues, as well as stimulate dendritic cell maturation. The chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19/ECL) has been reported to be a specific ligand of this receptor. Signals mediated by this receptor regulate T cell homeostasis in lymph nodes, and may also function in the activation and polarization of T cells, and in chronic inflammation pathogenesis. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| DCLK1 | doublecortin-like kinase 1|This gene encodes a member of the protein kinase superfamily and the doublecortin family. The protein encoded by this gene contains two N-terminal doublecortin domains, which bind microtubules and regulate microtubule polymerization, a C-terminal serine/threonine protein kinase domain, which shows substantial homology to Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, and a serine/proline-rich domain in between the doublecortin and the protein kinase domains, which mediates multiple protein-protein interactions. The microtubule-polymerizing activity of the encoded protein is independent of its protein kinase activity. The encoded protein is involved in several different cellular processes, including neuronal migration, retrograde transport, neuronal apoptosis and neurogenesis. This gene is up-regulated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor and associated with memory and general cognitive abilities. Multiple transcript variants generated by two alternative promoter usage and alternative splicing have been reported, but the full-length nature and biological validity of some variants have not been defined. These variants encode different isoforms, which are differentially expressed and have different kinase activities.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| DCLK3 | doublecortin-like kinase 3| |
| DCLK2 | doublecortin-like kinase 2|This gene encodes a member of the protein kinase superfamily and the doublecortin family. The protein encoded by this gene contains two N-terminal doublecortin domains, which bind microtubules and regulate microtubule polymerization, a C-terminal serine/threonine protein kinase domain, which shows substantial homology to Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, and a serine/proline-rich domain in between the doublecortin and the protein kinase domains, which mediates multiple protein-protein interactions. The microtubule-polymerizing activity of the encoded protein is independent of its protein kinase activity. Mouse studies show that the DCX gene, another family member, and this gene share function in the establishment of hippocampal organization and that their absence results in a severe epileptic phenotype and lethality, as described in human patients with lissencephaly. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| NOX1 | NADPH oxidase 1|This gene encodes a member of the NADPH oxidase family of enzymes responsible for the catalytic one-electron transfer of oxygen to generate superoxide or hydrogen peroxide. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| TRAF3 | TNF receptor-associated factor 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF) protein family. TRAF proteins associate with, and mediate the signal transduction from, members of the TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamily. This protein participates in the signal transduction of CD40, a TNFR family member important for the activation of the immune response. This protein is found to be a critical component of the lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTbetaR) signaling complex, which induces NF-kappaB activation and cell death initiated by LTbeta ligation. Epstein-Barr virus encoded latent infection membrane protein-1 (LMP1) can interact with this and several other members of the TRAF family, which may be essential for the oncogenic effects of LMP1. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding three distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| NOX5 | NADPH oxidase, EF-hand calcium binding domain 5|This gene is predominantly expressed in the testis and lymphocyte-rich areas of spleen and lymph nodes. It encodes a calcium-dependen NADPH oxidase that generates superoxide, and functions as a calcium-dependent proton channel that may regulate redox-dependent processes in lymphocytes and spermatozoa. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| NOX4 | NADPH oxidase 4|This gene encodes a member of the NOX-family of enzymes that functions as the catalytic subunit the NADPH oxidase complex. The encoded protein is localized to non-phagocytic cells where it acts as an oxygen sensor and catalyzes the reduction of molecular oxygen to various reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS generated by this protein have been implicated in numerous biological functions including signal transduction, cell differentiation and tumor cell growth. A pseudogene has been identified on the other arm of chromosome 11. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| PGS1 | phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase 1| |
| CSF3 | colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that controls the production, differentiation, and function of granulocytes. The active protein is found extracellularly. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| BCAS4 | breast carcinoma amplified sequence 4| |
| FAM161A | family with sequence similarity 161, member A|This gene belongs to the FAM161 family. It is expressed mainly in the retina. Mouse studies suggested that this gene is involved in development of retinal progenitors during embryogenesis, and that its activity is restricted to mature photoreceptors after birth. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa-28. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| FAM161B | family with sequence similarity 161, member B| |
| ABCD1 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family D (ALD), member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the ALD subfamily, which is involved in peroxisomal import of fatty acids and/or fatty acyl-CoAs in the organelle. All known peroxisomal ABC transporters are half transporters which require a partner half transporter molecule to form a functional homodimeric or heterodimeric transporter. This peroxisomal membrane protein is likely involved in the peroxisomal transport or catabolism of very long chain fatty acids. Defects in this gene have been identified as the underlying cause of adrenoleukodystrophy, an X-chromosome recessively inherited demyelinating disorder of the nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRAF6 | TNF receptor-associated factor 6, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF) protein family. TRAF proteins are associated with, and mediate signal transduction from, members of the TNF receptor superfamily. This protein mediates signaling from members of the TNF receptor superfamily as well as the Toll/IL-1 family. Signals from receptors such as CD40, TNFSF11/RANCE and IL-1 have been shown to be mediated by this protein. This protein also interacts with various protein kinases including IRAK1/IRAK, SRC and PKCzeta, which provides a link between distinct signaling pathways. This protein functions as a signal transducer in the NF-kappaB pathway that activates IkappaB kinase (IKK) in response to proinflammatory cytokines. The interaction of this protein with UBE2N/UBC13, and UBE2V1/UEV1A, which are ubiquitin conjugating enzymes catalyzing the formation of polyubiquitin chains, has been found to be required for IKK activation by this protein. This protein also interacts with the transforming growth factor (TGF) beta receptor complex and is required for Smad-independent activation of the JNK and p38 kinases. This protein has an amino terminal RING domain which is followed by four zinc-finger motifs, a central coiled-coil region and a highly conserved carboxyl terminal domain, known as the TRAF-C domain. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants, encoding an identical protein, have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| KAL1 | anosmin 1|Mutations in this gene cause the X-linked Kallmann syndrome. The encoded protein is similar in sequence to proteins known to function in neural cell adhesion and axonal migration. In addition, this cell surface protein is N-glycosylated and may have anti-protease activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UBE3B | ubiquitin protein ligase E3B|The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: E1 ubiquitin-activating enzymes, E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, and E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases. This gene encodes a member of the E3 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family which accepts ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and transfers the ubiquitin to the targeted substrates. A HECT (homology to E6-AP C-terminus) domain in the C-terminus of the longer isoform of this protein is the catalytic site of ubiquitin transfer and forms a complex with E2 conjugases. Shorter isoforms of this protein which lack the C-terminal HECT domain are therefore unlikely to bind E2 enzymes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| STYXL1 | serine/threonine/tyrosine interacting-like 1| |
| UBE3A | ubiquitin protein ligase E3A|This gene encodes an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, part of the ubiquitin protein degradation system. This imprinted gene is maternally expressed in brain and biallelically expressed in other tissues. Maternally inherited deletion of this gene causes Angelman Syndrome, characterized by severe motor and intellectual retardation, ataxia, hypotonia, epilepsy, absence of speech, and characteristic facies. The protein also interacts with the E6 protein of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18, resulting in ubiquitination and proteolysis of tumor protein p53. Alternative splicing of this gene results in three transcript variants encoding three isoforms with different N-termini. Additional transcript variants have been described, but their full length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MRPL41 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L41|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein that belongs to the YmL27 ribosomal protein family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UBE3D | ubiquitin protein ligase E3D| |
| GTF2H3 | general transcription factor IIH, polypeptide 3, 34kDa|This gene encodes a member of the TFB4 family. The encoded protein is a subunit of the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor and localizes to the nucleus. The encoded protein is involved in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II and nucleotide excision repair and associates with the Cdk-activating kinase complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 14. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| TOP2B | topoisomerase (DNA) II beta 180kDa|This gene encodes a DNA topoisomerase, an enzyme that controls and alters the topologic states of DNA during transcription. This nuclear enzyme is involved in processes such as chromosome condensation, chromatid separation, and the relief of torsional stress that occurs during DNA transcription and replication. It catalyzes the transient breaking and rejoining of two strands of duplex DNA which allows the strands to pass through one another, thus altering the topology of DNA. Two forms of this enzyme exist as likely products of a gene duplication event. The gene encoding this form, beta, is localized to chromosome 3 and the alpha form is localized to chromosome 17. The gene encoding this enzyme functions as the target for several anticancer agents and a variety of mutations in this gene have been associated with the development of drug resistance. Reduced activity of this enzyme may also play a role in ataxia-telangiectasia. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants; however, the second variant has not yet been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATP5F1 | ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit B1|This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the b subunit of the proton channel. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TOP2A | topoisomerase (DNA) II alpha 170kDa|This gene encodes a DNA topoisomerase, an enzyme that controls and alters the topologic states of DNA during transcription. This nuclear enzyme is involved in processes such as chromosome condensation, chromatid separation, and the relief of torsional stress that occurs during DNA transcription and replication. It catalyzes the transient breaking and rejoining of two strands of duplex DNA which allows the strands to pass through one another, thus altering the topology of DNA. Two forms of this enzyme exist as likely products of a gene duplication event. The gene encoding this form, alpha, is localized to chromosome 17 and the beta gene is localized to chromosome 3. The gene encoding this enzyme functions as the target for several anticancer agents and a variety of mutations in this gene have been associated with the development of drug resistance. Reduced activity of this enzyme may also play a role in ataxia-telangiectasia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| MTRF1 | mitochondrial translational release factor 1|The protein encoded by this gene was determined by in silico methods to be a mitochondrial protein with similarity to the peptide chain release factors (RFs) discovered in bacteria and yeast. The peptide chain release factors direct the termination of translation in response to the peptide chain termination codons. Initially thought to have a role in the termination of mitochondria protein synthesis, a recent publication found no mitochondrial translation release functionality. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been suggested by mRNA and EST data; however, their full-length natures are not clear. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HOOK1 | hook microtubule-tethering protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the hook family of coiled-coil proteins, which bind to microtubules and organelles through their N- and C-terminal domains, respectively. The encoded protein localizes to discrete punctuate subcellular structures, and interacts with several members of the Rab GTPase family involved in endocytosis. It is thought to link endocytic membrane trafficking to the microtubule cytoskeleton. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HGFAC | HGF activator|This gene encodes a member of the peptidase S1 protein family. The encoded protein is first synthesized as an inactive single-chain precursor before being activated to a heterodimeric form by endoproteolytic processing. It acts as serine protease that converts hepatocyte growth factor to the active form. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| TRO | trophinin|This gene encodes a membrane protein that mediates cell adhesion between trophoblastic cells and the epithelial cells of the endometrium. The encoded protein participates in cell signalling during embryo implantation, and may also be involved in cancer formation. This gene is located near several other closely related genes on chromosome X. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012] |
| KIAA0368 | KIAA0368| |
| TRA | T cell receptor alpha locus| |
| TRB | T cell receptor beta locus|T cell receptors recognize foreign antigens which have been processed as small peptides and bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules at the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). Each T cell receptor is a dimer consisting of one alpha and one beta chain or one delta and one gamma chain. In a single cell, the T cell receptor loci are rearranged and expressed in the order delta, gamma, beta, and alpha. If both delta and gamma rearrangements produce functional chains, the cell expresses delta and gamma. If not, the cell proceeds to rearrange the beta and alpha loci. This region represents the germline organization of the T cell receptor beta locus. The beta locus includes V (variable), J (joining), diversity (D), and C (constant) segments. During T cell development, the beta chain is synthesized by a recombination event at the DNA level joining a D segment with a J segment; a V segment is then joined to the D-J gene. The C segment is later joined by splicing at the RNA level. Recombination of many different V segments with several J segments provides a wide range of antigen recognition. Additional diversity is attained by junctional diversity, resulting from the random additional of nucleotides by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. Several V segments and one J segment of the beta locus are known to be incapable of encoding a protein and are considered pseudogenes. The beta locus also includes eight trypsinogen genes, three of which encode functional proteins and five of which are pseudogenes. Chromosomal abnormalities involving the T-cell receptor beta locus have been associated with T-cell lymphomas. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BZRAP1 | benzodiazepine receptor (peripheral) associated protein 1| |
| SLC26A1 | solute carrier family 26 (anion exchanger), member 1|This gene is a member of a family of sulfate/anion transporter genes. Family members are well conserved in their genomic (number and size of exons) and protein (aa length among species) structures, but have markedly different tissue expression patterns. This gene is primarily expressed in the liver, pancreas, and brain. Three splice variants that encode different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC26A2 | solute carrier family 26 (anion exchanger), member 2|The diastrophic dysplasia sulfate transporter is a transmembrane glycoprotein implicated in the pathogenesis of several human chondrodysplasias. It apparently is critical in cartilage for sulfation of proteoglycans and matrix organization. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC26A3 | solute carrier family 26 (anion exchanger), member 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane glycoprotein that transports chloride ions across the cell membrane in exchange for bicarbonate ions. It is localized to the mucosa of the lower intestinal tract, particularly to the apical membrane of columnar epithelium and some goblet cells. The protein is essential for intestinal chloride absorption, and mutations in this gene have been associated with congenital chloride diarrhea. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| SLC26A4 | solute carrier family 26 (anion exchanger), member 4|Mutations in this gene are associated with Pendred syndrome, the most common form of syndromic deafness, an autosomal-recessive disease. It is highly homologous to the SLC26A3 gene; they have similar genomic structures and this gene is located 3' of the SLC26A3 gene. The encoded protein has homology to sulfate transporters. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC26A6 | solute carrier family 26 (anion exchanger), member 6|This gene belongs to the solute carrier 26 family, whose members encode anion transporter proteins. This particular family member encodes a protein involved in transporting chloride, oxalate, sulfate and bicarbonate. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| SLC26A7 | solute carrier family 26 (anion exchanger), member 7|This gene is one member of a family of sulfate/anion transporter genes. Family members are well conserved in gene structure and protein length yet have markedly different tissue expression patterns. This gene has abundant and specific expression in the kidney. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| FGF7 | fibroblast growth factor 7|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. This protein is a potent epithelial cell-specific growth factor, whose mitogenic activity is predominantly exhibited in keratinocytes but not in fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Studies of mouse and rat homologs of this gene implicated roles in morphogenesis of epithelium, reepithelialization of wounds, hair development and early lung organogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MTFR1 | mitochondrial fission regulator 1|This gene encodes a mitochondrial protein that is characterized by a poly-proline rich region. A chicken homolog of this protein promotes mitochondrial fission and the mouse homolog protects cells from oxidative stress. A related pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| MTFR2 | mitochondrial fission regulator 2| |
| FGF4 | fibroblast growth factor 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities and are involved in a variety of biological processes including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. This gene was identified by its oncogenic transforming activity. This gene and FGF3, another oncogenic growth factor, are located closely on chromosome 11. Co-amplification of both genes was found in various kinds of human tumors. Studies on the mouse homolog suggested a function in bone morphogenesis and limb development through the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FGF3 | fibroblast growth factor 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities and are involved in a variety of biological processes including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. This gene was identified by its similarity with mouse fgf3/int-2, a proto-oncogene activated in virally induced mammary tumors in the mouse. Frequent amplification of this gene has been found in human tumors, which may be important for neoplastic transformation and tumor progression. Studies of the similar genes in mouse and chicken suggested the role in inner ear formation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FGF2 | fibroblast growth factor 2 (basic)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members bind heparin and possess broad mitogenic and angiogenic activities. This protein has been implicated in diverse biological processes, such as limb and nervous system development, wound healing, and tumor growth. The mRNA for this gene contains multiple polyadenylation sites, and is alternatively translated from non-AUG (CUG) and AUG initiation codons, resulting in five different isoforms with distinct properties. The CUG-initiated isoforms are localized in the nucleus and are responsible for the intracrine effect, whereas, the AUG-initiated form is mostly cytosolic and is responsible for the paracrine and autocrine effects of this FGF. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FGF1 | fibroblast growth factor 1 (acidic)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. This protein functions as a modifier of endothelial cell migration and proliferation, as well as an angiogenic factor. It acts as a mitogen for a variety of mesoderm- and neuroectoderm-derived cells in vitro, thus is thought to be involved in organogenesis. Multiple alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| BCAN | brevican|This gene encodes a member of the lectican family of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans that is specifically expressed in the central nervous system. This protein is developmentally regulated and may function in the formation of the brain extracellular matrix. This protein is highly expressed in gliomas and may promote the growth and cell motility of brain tumor cells. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| OLFML2A | olfactomedin-like 2A| |
| BCAM | basal cell adhesion molecule (Lutheran blood group)|This gene encodes Lutheran blood group glycoprotein, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and a receptor for the extracellular matrix protein, laminin. The protein contains five extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a single transmembrane domain, and a short C-terminal cytoplasmic tail. This protein may play a role in epithelial cell cancer and in vaso-occlusion of red blood cells in sickle cell disease. Polymorphisms in this gene define some of the antigens in the Lutheran system and also the Auberger system. Inactivating variants of this gene result in the recessive Lutheran null phenotype, Lu(a-b-), of the Lutheran blood group. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| B3GNT7 | UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 7| |
| GLOD4 | glyoxalase domain containing 4| |
| SDC2 | syndecan 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane (type I) heparan sulfate proteoglycan and is a member of the syndecan proteoglycan family. The syndecans mediate cell binding, cell signaling, and cytoskeletal organization and syndecan receptors are required for internalization of the HIV-1 tat protein. The syndecan-2 protein functions as an integral membrane protein and participates in cell proliferation, cell migration and cell-matrix interactions via its receptor for extracellular matrix proteins. Altered syndecan-2 expression has been detected in several different tumor types. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SDC3 | syndecan 3|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the syndecan proteoglycan family. It may play a role in the organization of cell shape by affecting the actin cytoskeleton, possibly by transferring signals from the cell surface in a sugar-dependent mechanism. Allelic variants of this gene have been associated with obesity. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| SDC4 | syndecan 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane (type I) heparan sulfate proteoglycan that functions as a receptor in intracellular signaling. The encoded protein is found as a homodimer and is a member of the syndecan proteoglycan family. This gene is found on chromosome 20, while a pseudogene has been found on chromosome 22. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ELOVL6 | ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6|Fatty acid elongases (EC 6.2.1.3), such as ELOVL6, use malonyl-CoA as a 2-carbon donor in the first and rate-limiting step of fatty acid elongation (Moon et al., 2001 [PubMed 11567032]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ELOVL7 | ELOVL fatty acid elongase 7| |
| ELOVL4 | ELOVL fatty acid elongase 4|This gene encodes a membrane-bound protein which is a member of the ELO family, proteins which participate in the biosynthesis of fatty acids. Consistent with the expression of the encoded protein in photoreceptor cells of the retina, mutations and small deletions in this gene are associated with Stargardt-like macular dystrophy (STGD3) and autosomal dominant Stargardt-like macular dystrophy (ADMD), also referred to as autosomal dominant atrophic macular degeneration. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ELOVL5 | ELOVL fatty acid elongase 5|This gene belongs to the ELO family. It is highly expressed in the adrenal gland and testis, and encodes a multi-pass membrane protein that is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. This protein is involved in the elongation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Mutations in this gene have been associated with spinocerebellar ataxia-38 (SCA38). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| ELOVL2 | ELOVL fatty acid elongase 2| |
| ELOVL3 | ELOVL fatty acid elongase 3|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the GNS1/SUR4 family. Members of this family play a role in elongation of long chain fatty acids to provide precursors for synthesis of sphingolipids and ceramides. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| ELOVL1 | ELOVL fatty acid elongase 1| |
| SNF8 | SNF8, ESCRT-II complex subunit|SNF8, VPS25 (MIM 610907), and VPS36 (MIM 610903) form ESCRT-II (endosomal sorting complex required for transport II), a complex involved in endocytosis of ubiquitinated membrane proteins. SNF8, VPS25, and VPS36 are also associated in a multiprotein complex with RNA polymerase II elongation factor (ELL; MIM 600284) (Slagsvold et al., 2005 [PubMed 15755741]; Kamura et al., 2001 [PubMed 11278625]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| AMY1A | amylase, alpha 1A (salivary)|Amylases are secreted proteins that hydrolyze 1,4-alpha-glucoside bonds in oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, and thus catalyze the first step in digestion of dietary starch and glycogen. The human genome has a cluster of several amylase genes that are expressed at high levels in either salivary gland or pancreas. This gene encodes an amylase isoenzyme produced by the salivary gland. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ERAP2 | endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2|Aminopeptidases hydrolyze N-terminal amino acids of proteins or peptide substrates. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules rely on aminopeptidases such as ERAP1 (MIM 606832) and LRAP to trim precursors to antigenic peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) following cleavage in the cytoplasm by tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPP2; MIM 190470) (Tanioka et al., 2003 [PubMed 12799365]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| DEFB1 | defensin, beta 1|Defensins form a family of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides made by neutrophils. Members of the defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence. This gene encodes defensin, beta 1, an antimicrobial peptide implicated in the resistance of epithelial surfaces to microbial colonization. This gene maps in close proximity to defensin family member, defensin, alpha 1 and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DIABLO | diablo, IAP-binding mitochondrial protein|This gene encodes an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP)-binding protein. The encoded mitochondrial protein enters the cytosol when cells undergo apoptosis, and allows activation of caspases by binding to inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. Overexpression of the encoded protein sensitizes tumor cells to apoptosis. A mutation in this gene is associated with young-adult onset of nonsyndromic deafness-64. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| CD86 | CD86 molecule|This gene encodes a type I membrane protein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. This protein is expressed by antigen-presenting cells, and it is the ligand for two proteins at the cell surface of T cells, CD28 antigen and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4. Binding of this protein with CD28 antigen is a costimulatory signal for activation of the T-cell. Binding of this protein with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 negatively regulates T-cell activation and diminishes the immune response. Alternative splicing results in several transcript variants encoding different isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| CWF19L1 | CWF19-like 1, cell cycle control (S. pombe)|This gene encodes a member of the CWF19 protein family. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia-17 and mild mental retardation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| CWF19L2 | CWF19-like 2, cell cycle control (S. pombe)| |
| HEYL | hes-related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif-like|This gene encodes a member of the hairy and enhancer of split-related (HESR) family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-type transcription factors. The sequence of the encoded protein contains a conserved bHLH and orange domain, but its YRPW motif has diverged from other HESR family members. It is thought to be an effector of Notch signaling and a regulator of cell fate decisions. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NAA20 | N(alpha)-acetyltransferase 20, NatB catalytic subunit|NAT5 is a component of N-acetyltransferase complex B (NatB). Human NatB performs cotranslational N(alpha)-terminal acetylation of methionine residues when they are followed by asparagine (Starheim et al., 2008 [PubMed 18570629]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2009] |
| HSPA2 | heat shock 70kDa protein 2| |
| NGB | neuroglobin|This gene encodes an oxygen-binding protein that is distantly related to members of the globin gene family. It is highly conserved among other vertebrates. It is expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system where it may be involved in increasing oxygen availability and providing protection under hypoxic/ischemic conditions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RD3 | retinal degeneration 3|This gene encodes a retinal protein that is associated with promyelocytic leukemia-gene product (PML) bodies in the nucleus. Mutations in this gene cause Leber congenital amaurosis type 12, a disease that results in retinal degeneration. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| SGCG | sarcoglycan, gamma (35kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein)|This gene encodes gamma-sarcoglycan, one of several sarcolemmal transmembrane glycoproteins that interact with dystrophin. The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) spans the sarcolemma and is comprised of dystrophin, syntrophin, alpha- and beta-dystroglycans and sarcoglycans. The DGC provides a structural link between the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix of muscle cells. Defects in the encoded protein can lead to early onset autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy, in particular limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, type 2C (LGMD2C). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| SGCE | sarcoglycan, epsilon|This gene encodes the epsilon member of the sarcoglycan family. Sarcoglycans are transmembrane proteins that are components of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, which link the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. Unlike other family members which are predominantly expressed in striated muscle, the epsilon sarcoglycan is more broadly expressed. Mutations in this gene are associated with myoclonus-dystonia syndrome. This gene is imprinted, with preferential expression from the paternal allele. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| SGCD | sarcoglycan, delta (35kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein)|The protein encoded by this gene is one of the four known components of the sarcoglycan complex, which is a subcomplex of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC). DGC forms a link between the F-actin cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. This protein is expressed most abundantly in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CNKSR1 | connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 1|This gene encodes a protein containing several motifs involved in protein-protein interaction, including PDZ, PH (Pleckstrin homology), and SAM (sterile alpha motif) domains. The encoded protein acts as a scaffold component for receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and may mediate crosstalk between different signaling pathways. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| SGCB | sarcoglycan, beta (43kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein)|This gene encodes a member of the sarcoglycan family. Sarcoglycans are transmembrane components in the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex which help stabilize the muscle fiber membranes and link the muscle cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. Mutations in this gene have been associated with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| KIAA1586 | KIAA1586| |
| CNKSR2 | connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 2|This gene encodes a multidomain protein that functions as a scaffold protein to mediate the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways downstream from Ras. This gene product is induced by vitamin D and inhibits apoptosis in certain cancer cells. It may also play a role in ternary complex assembly of synaptic proteins at the postsynaptic membrane and coupling of signal transduction to membrane/cytoskeletal remodeling. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| DUSP9 | dual specificity phosphatase 9|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein phosphatase subfamily. These phosphatases inactivate their target kinases by dephosphorylating both the phosphoserine/threonine and phosphotyrosine residues. They negatively regulate members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily (MAPK/ERK, SAPK/JNK, p38), which is associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation. Different members of the family of dual specificity phosphatases show distinct substrate specificities for various MAP kinases, different tissue distribution and subcellular localization, and different modes of inducibility of their expression by extracellular stimuli. This gene product shows selectivity for members of the ERK family of MAP kinases, is expressed only in placenta, kidney, and fetal liver, and is localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DUSP8 | dual specificity phosphatase 8|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein phosphatase subfamily. These phosphatases inactivate their target kinases by dephosphorylating both the phosphoserine/threonine and phosphotyrosine residues. They negatively regulate members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily (MAPK/ERK, SAPK/JNK, p38), which is associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation. Different members of the family of dual specificity phosphatases show distinct substrate specificities for various MAP kinases, different tissue distribution and subcellular localization, and different modes of inducibility of their expression by extracellular stimuli. This gene product inactivates SAPK/JNK and p38, is expressed predominantly in the adult brain, heart, and skeletal muscle, is localized in the cytoplasm, and is induced by nerve growth factor and insulin. An intronless pseudogene for DUSP8 is present on chromosome 10q11.2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DUSP5 | dual specificity phosphatase 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein phosphatase subfamily. These phosphatases inactivate their target kinases by dephosphorylating both the phosphoserine/threonine and phosphotyrosine residues. They negatively regulate members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily (MAPK/ERK, SAPK/JNK, p38), which are associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation. Different members of the family of dual specificity phosphatases show distinct substrate specificities for various MAP kinases, different tissue distribution and subcellular localization, and different modes of inducibility of their expression by extracellular stimuli. This gene product inactivates ERK1, is expressed in a variety of tissues with the highest levels in pancreas and brain, and is localized in the nucleus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DUSP4 | dual specificity phosphatase 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein phosphatase subfamily. These phosphatases inactivate their target kinases by dephosphorylating both the phosphoserine/threonine and phosphotyrosine residues. They negatively regulate members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily (MAPK/ERK, SAPK/JNK, p38), which are associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation. Different members of the family of dual specificity phosphatases show distinct substrate specificities for various MAP kinases, different tissue distribution and subcellular localization, and different modes of inducibility of their expression by extracellular stimuli. This gene product inactivates ERK1, ERK2 and JNK, is expressed in a variety of tissues, and is localized in the nucleus. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants, encoding distinct isoforms, have been observed for this gene. In addition, multiple polyadenylation sites have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DUSP7 | dual specificity phosphatase 7|Dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) constitute a large heterogeneous subgroup of the type I cysteine-based protein-tyrosine phosphatase superfamily. DUSPs are characterized by their ability to dephosphorylate both tyrosine and serine/threonine residues. DUSP7 belongs to a class of DUSPs, designated MKPs, that dephosphorylate MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) proteins ERK (see MIM 601795), JNK (see MIM 601158), and p38 (see MIM 600289) with specificity distinct from that of individual MKP proteins. MKPs contain a highly conserved C-terminal catalytic domain and an N-terminal Cdc25 (see MIM 116947)-like (CH2) domain. MAPK activation cascades mediate various physiologic processes, including cellular proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and stress responses (summary by Patterson et al., 2009 [PubMed 19228121]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2009] |
| DUSP6 | dual specificity phosphatase 6|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein phosphatase subfamily. These phosphatases inactivate their target kinases by dephosphorylating both the phosphoserine/threonine and phosphotyrosine residues. They negatively regulate members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily (MAPK/ERK, SAPK/JNK, p38), which are associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation. Different members of the family of dual specificity phosphatases show distinct substrate specificities for various MAP kinases, different tissue distribution and subcellular localization, and different modes of inducibility of their expression by extracellular stimuli. This gene product inactivates ERK2, is expressed in a variety of tissues with the highest levels in heart and pancreas, and unlike most other members of this family, is localized in the cytoplasm. Mutations in this gene have been associated with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| DUSP1 | dual specificity phosphatase 1|The expression of DUSP1 gene is induced in human skin fibroblasts by oxidative/heat stress and growth factors. It specifies a protein with structural features similar to members of the non-receptor-type protein-tyrosine phosphatase family, and which has significant amino-acid sequence similarity to a Tyr/Ser-protein phosphatase encoded by the late gene H1 of vaccinia virus. The bacterially expressed and purified DUSP1 protein has intrinsic phosphatase activity, and specifically inactivates mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in vitro by the concomitant dephosphorylation of both its phosphothreonine and phosphotyrosine residues. Furthermore, it suppresses the activation of MAP kinase by oncogenic ras in extracts of Xenopus oocytes. Thus, DUSP1 may play an important role in the human cellular response to environmental stress as well as in the negative regulation of cellular proliferation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DUSP3 | dual specificity phosphatase 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein phosphatase subfamily. These phosphatases inactivate their target kinases by dephosphorylating both the phosphoserine/threonine and phosphotyrosine residues. They negatively regulate members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily (MAPK/ERK, SAPK/JNK, p38), which are associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation. Different members of the family of dual specificity phosphatases show distinct substrate specificities for various MAP kinases, different tissue distribution and subcellular localization, and different modes of inducibility of their expression by extracellular stimuli. This gene maps in a region that contains the BRCA1 locus which confers susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer. Although DUSP3 is expressed in both breast and ovarian tissues, mutation screening in breast cancer pedigrees and in sporadic tumors was negative, leading to the conclusion that this gene is not BRCA1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DUSP2 | dual specificity phosphatase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein phosphatase subfamily. These phosphatases inactivate their target kinases by dephosphorylating both the phosphoserine/threonine and phosphotyrosine residues. They negatively regulate members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily (MAPK/ERK, SAPK/JNK, p38), which are associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation. Different members of the family of dual specificity phosphatases show distinct substrate specificities for various MAP kinases, different tissue distribution and subcellular localization, and different modes of inducibility of their expression by extracellular stimuli. This gene product inactivates ERK1 and ERK2, is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic tissues, and is localized in the nucleus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LRRC8E | leucine rich repeat containing 8 family, member E|This gene encodes a member of a small, conserved family of proteins with similar structure, including a string of extracellular leucine-rich repeats. A related protein was shown to be involved in B-cell development. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| LRRC8D | leucine rich repeat containing 8 family, member D| |
| NKD2 | naked cuticle homolog 2 (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins that function as negative regulators of Wnt receptor signaling through interaction with Dishevelled family members. The encoded protein participates in the delivery of transforming growth factor alpha-containing vesicles to the cell membrane. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| LRRC8A | leucine rich repeat containing 8 family, member A|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the leucine-rich repeat family of proteins, which are involved in diverse biological processes, including cell adhesion, cellular trafficking, and hormone-receptor interactions. This family member is a putative four-pass transmembrane protein that plays a role in B cell development. Defects in this gene cause autosomal dominant non-Bruton type agammaglobulinemia, an immunodeficiency disease resulting from defects in B cell maturation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants, which encode the same protein, have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RBL1 | retinoblastoma-like 1|The protein encoded by this gene is similar in sequence and possibly function to the product of the retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) gene. The RB1 gene product is a tumor suppressor protein that appears to be involved in cell cycle regulation, as it is phosphorylated in the S to M phase transition and is dephosphorylated in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Both the RB1 protein and the product of this gene can form a complex with adenovirus E1A protein and SV40 large T-antigen, with the SV40 large T-antigen binding only to the unphosphorylated form of each protein. In addition, both proteins can inhibit the transcription of cell cycle genes containing E2F binding sites in their promoters. Due to the sequence and biochemical similarities with the RB1 protein, it is thought that the protein encoded by this gene may also be a tumor suppressor. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LRRC8C | leucine rich repeat containing 8 family, member C| |
| LRRC8B | leucine rich repeat containing 8 family, member B| |
| QDPR | quinoid dihydropteridine reductase|This gene encodes the enzyme dihydropteridine reductase, which catalyzes the NADH-mediated reduction of quinonoid dihydrobiopterin. This enzyme is an essential component of the pterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylating systems. Mutations in this gene resulting in QDPR deficiency include aberrant splicing, amino acid substitutions, insertions, or premature terminations. Dihydropteridine reductase deficiency presents as atypical phenylketonuria due to insufficient production of biopterin, a cofactor for phenylalanine hydroxylase. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RDX | radixin|Radixin is a cytoskeletal protein that may be important in linking actin to the plasma membrane. It is highly similar in sequence to both ezrin and moesin. The radixin gene has been localized by fluorescence in situ hybridization to 11q23. A truncated version representing a pseudogene (RDXP2) was assigned to Xp21.3. Another pseudogene that seemed to lack introns (RDXP1) was mapped to 11p by Southern and PCR analyses. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| HDX | highly divergent homeobox| |
| HEY2 | hes-related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 2|This gene encodes a member of the hairy and enhancer of split-related (HESR) family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-type transcription factors. The encoded protein forms homo- or hetero-dimers that localize to the nucleus and interact with a histone deacetylase complex to repress transcription. Expression of this gene is induced by the Notch signal transduction pathway. Two similar and redundant genes in mouse are required for embryonic cardiovascular development, and are also implicated in neurogenesis and somitogenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HEY1 | hes-related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1|This gene encodes a nuclear protein belonging to the hairy and enhancer of split-related (HESR) family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-type transcriptional repressors. Expression of this gene is induced by the Notch and c-Jun signal transduction pathways. Two similar and redundant genes in mouse are required for embryonic cardiovascular development, and are also implicated in neurogenesis and somitogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CNTN2 | contactin 2 (axonal)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored neuronal membrane protein that functions as a cell adhesion molecule. It may play a role in the formation of axon connections in the developing nervous system. It may also be involved in glial tumorigenesis and may provide a potential target for therapeutic intervention. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| XRCC6BP1 | XRCC6 binding protein 1| |
| STX4 | syntaxin 4| |
| MTF1 | metal-regulatory transcription factor 1|This gene encodes a transcription factor that induces expression of metallothioneins and other genes involved in metal homeostasis in response to heavy metals such as cadmium, zinc, copper, and silver. The protein is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein that accumulates in the nucleus upon heavy metal exposure and binds to promoters containing a metal-responsive element (MRE). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MTF2 | metal response element binding transcription factor 2| |
| BCL7B | B-cell CLL/lymphoma 7B|This gene encodes a member of the BCL7 family including BCL7A, BCL7B and BCL7C proteins. This member is BCL7B, which contains a region that is highly similar to the N-terminal segment of BCL7A or BCL7C proteins. The BCL7A protein is encoded by the gene known to be directly involved in a three-way gene translocation in a Burkitt lymphoma cell line. This gene is located at a chromosomal region commonly deleted in Williams syndrome. This gene is highly conserved from C. elegans to human. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| LEP | leptin|This gene encodes a protein that is secreted by white adipocytes, and which plays a major role in the regulation of body weight. This protein, which acts through the leptin receptor, functions as part of a signaling pathway that can inhibit food intake and/or regulate energy expenditure to maintain constancy of the adipose mass. This protein also has several endocrine functions, and is involved in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, hematopoiesis, angiogenesis and wound healing. Mutations in this gene and/or its regulatory regions cause severe obesity, and morbid obesity with hypogonadism. This gene has also been linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TAB3 | TGF-beta activated kinase 1/MAP3K7 binding protein 3|The product of this gene functions in the NF-kappaB signal transduction pathway. The encoded protein, and the similar and functionally redundant protein MAP3K7IP2/TAB2, forms a ternary complex with the protein kinase MAP3K7/TAK1 and either TRAF2 or TRAF6 in response to stimulation with the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF or IL-1. Subsequent MAP3K7/TAK1 kinase activity triggers a signaling cascade leading to activation of the NF-kappaB transcription factor. The human genome contains a related pseudogene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TBC1D19 | TBC1 domain family, member 19| |
| CSN1S1 | casein alpha s1| |
| TBC1D13 | TBC1 domain family, member 13| |
| XYLB | xylulokinase homolog (H. influenzae)|The protein encoded by this gene shares 22% sequence identity with Hemophilus influenzae xylulokinase, and even higher identity to other gene products in C.elegans (45%) and yeast (31-35%), which are thought to belong to a family of enzymes that include fucokinase, gluconokinase, glycerokinase and xylulokinase. These proteins play important roles in energy metabolism. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| TBC1D16 | TBC1 domain family, member 16| |
| TAB1 | TGF-beta activated kinase 1/MAP3K7 binding protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene was identified as a regulator of the MAP kinase kinase kinase MAP3K7/TAK1, which is known to mediate various intracellular signaling pathways, such as those induced by TGF beta, interleukin 1, and WNT-1. This protein interacts and thus activates TAK1 kinase. It has been shown that the C-terminal portion of this protein is sufficient for binding and activation of TAK1, while a portion of the N-terminus acts as a dominant-negative inhibitor of TGF beta, suggesting that this protein may function as a mediator between TGF beta receptors and TAK1. This protein can also interact with and activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14/p38alpha), and thus represents an alternative activation pathway, in addition to the MAPKK pathways, which contributes to the biological responses of MAPK14 to various stimuli. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TBC1D14 | TBC1 domain family, member 14| |
| TMLHE | trimethyllysine hydroxylase, epsilon|This gene encodes the protein trimethyllysine dioxygenase which is the first enzyme in the carnitine biosynthesis pathway. Carnitine play an essential role in the transport of activated fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The encoded protein converts trimethyllysine into hydroxytrimethyllysine. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome X. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| MAGEB18 | melanoma antigen family B18| |
| AUTS2 | autism susceptibility candidate 2|This gene has been implicated in neurodevelopment and as a candidate gene for numerous neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disability, and developmental delay. Mutations in this gene have also been associated with non-neurological disorders, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, aging of the skin, early-onset androgenetic alopecia, and certain cancers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| CNTN4 | contactin 4|This gene encodes a member of the contactin family of immunoglobulins. Contactins are axon-associated cell adhesion molecules that function in neuronal network formation and plasticity. The encoded protein is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored neuronal membrane protein that may play a role in the formation of axon connections in the developing nervous system. Deletion or mutation of this gene may play a role in 3p deletion syndrome and autism spectrum disorders. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| NUMA1 | nuclear mitotic apparatus protein 1|This gene encodes a large protein that forms a structural component of the nuclear matrix. The encoded protein interacts with microtubules and plays a role in the formation and organization of the mitotic spindle during cell division. Chromosomal translocation of this gene with the RARA (retinoic acid receptor, alpha) gene on chromosome 17 have been detected in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| MAGEB10 | melanoma antigen family B10|This gene encodes a member of the B subfamily of the melanoma associated antigen protein family. The encoded protein is specifically expressed in testis and tumor cells. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| GPR52 | G protein-coupled receptor 52|Members of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) family play important roles in signal transduction from the external environment to the inside of the cell.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002] |
| BMP10 | bone morphogenetic protein 10|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TGF-beta family of growth factors. Data suggest that the similar protein in mouse plays an important role in trabeculation of the embryonic heart. In human, this protein may signal through receptor serine/threonine kinases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IKBKAP | inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase complex-associated protein|The protein encoded by this gene is a scaffold protein and a regulator for 3 different kinases involved in proinflammatory signaling. This encoded protein can bind NF-kappa-B-inducing kinase (NIK) and IKKs through separate domains and assemble them into an active kinase complex. Mutations in this gene have been associated with familial dysautonomia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPR56 | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G1|This gene encodes a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family and regulates brain cortical patterning. The encoded protein binds specifically to transglutaminase 2, a component of tissue and tumor stroma implicated as an inhibitor of tumor progression. Mutations in this gene are associated with a brain malformation known as bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| BAZ2B | bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain, 2B| |
| FAM83C | family with sequence similarity 83, member C| |
| ZBED4 | zinc finger, BED-type containing 4| |
| CACTIN | cactin, spliceosome C complex subunit| |
| RPL31 | ribosomal protein L31|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L31E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. Higher levels of expression of this gene in familial adenomatous polyps compared to matched normal tissues have been observed. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM83G | family with sequence similarity 83, member G| |
| FAM83F | family with sequence similarity 83, member F| |
| HSPA1L | heat shock 70kDa protein 1-like|This gene encodes a 70kDa heat shock protein. In conjunction with other heat shock proteins, this protein stabilizes existing proteins against aggregation and mediates the folding of newly translated proteins in the cytosol and in organelles. The gene is located in the major histocompatibility complex class III region, in a cluster with two closely related genes which also encode isoforms of the 70kDa heat shock protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DGKZ | diacylglycerol kinase, zeta|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the eukaryotic diacylglycerol kinase family. It may attenuate protein kinase C activity by regulating diacylglycerol levels in intracellular signaling cascade and signal transduction. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| C12orf73 | chromosome 12 open reading frame 73| |
| C12orf75 | chromosome 12 open reading frame 75| |
| IDH3G | isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (NAD+) gamma|Isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate. These enzymes belong to two distinct subclasses, one of which utilizes NAD(+) as the electron acceptor and the other NADP(+). Five isocitrate dehydrogenases have been reported: three NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, which localize to the mitochondrial matrix, and two NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, one of which is mitochondrial and the other predominantly cytosolic. NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the allosterically regulated rate-limiting step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Each isozyme is a heterotetramer that is composed of two alpha subunits, one beta subunit, and one gamma subunit. The protein encoded by this gene is the gamma subunit of one isozyme of NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. This gene is a candidate gene for periventricular heterotopia. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but only some of their full length natures have been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CYSLTR2 | cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2|The cysteinyl leukotrienes LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 are important mediators of human bronchial asthma. Pharmacologic studies have determined that cysteinyl leukotrienes activate at least 2 receptors, the protein encoded by this gene and CYSLTR1. This encoded receptor is a member of the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors. It seems to play a major role in endocrine and cardiovascular systems. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DGKQ | diacylglycerol kinase, theta 110kDa|The protein encoded by this gene contains three cysteine-rich domains, a proline-rich region, and a pleckstrin homology domain with an overlapping Ras-associating domain. It is localized in the speckle domains of the nucleus, and mediates the regeneration of phosphatidylinositol (PI) from diacylglycerol in the PI-cycle during cell signal transduction. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C8orf4 | chromosome 8 open reading frame 4|This gene encodes a small, monomeric, predominantly unstructured protein that functions as a positive regulator of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. This protein interacts with a repressor of beta-catenin mediated transcription at nuclear speckles. It is thought to competitively block interactions of the repressor with beta-catenin, resulting in up-regulation of beta-catenin target genes. The encoded protein may also play a role in the NF-kappaB and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Expression of this gene may play a role in the proliferation of several types of cancer including thyroid cancer, breast cancer and hematological malignancies. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| VKORC1L1 | vitamin K epoxide reductase complex, subunit 1-like 1| |
| DGKK | diacylglycerol kinase, kappa|The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme that phosphorylates diacylglycerol, converting it to phosphatidic acid. The encoded protein is a membrane protein and is inhibited by hydrogen peroxide. Variations in this gene have been associated with hypospadias. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| DGKH | diacylglycerol kinase, eta|This gene encodes a member of the diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) enzyme family. Members of this family are involved in regulating intracellular concentrations of diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. Variation in this gene has been associated with bipolar disorder. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| DGKI | diacylglycerol kinase, iota|This gene is a member of the type IV diacylglycerol kinase subfamily. Diacylglycerol kinases regulate the intracellular concentration of diacylglycerol through its phosphorylation, producing phosphatidic acid. The specific role of the enzyme encoded by this gene is undetermined, however, it may play a crucial role in the production of phosphatidic acid in the retina or in recessive forms of retinal degeneration. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DGKB | diacylglycerol kinase, beta 90kDa|Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are regulators of the intracellular concentration of the second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG) and thus play a key role in cellular processes. Nine mammalian isotypes have been identified, which are encoded by separate genes. Mammalian DGK isozymes contain a conserved catalytic (kinase) domain and a cysteine-rich domain (CRD). The protein encoded by this gene is a diacylglycerol kinase, beta isotype. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DGKA | diacylglycerol kinase, alpha 80kDa|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the eukaryotic diacylglycerol kinase family. It acts as a modulator that competes with protein kinase C for the second messenger diacylglycerol in intracellular signaling pathways. It also plays an important role in the resynthesis of phosphatidylinositols and phosphorylating diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and four transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DGKG | diacylglycerol kinase, gamma 90kDa|This gene encodes an enzyme that is a member of the type I subfamily of diacylglycerol kinases, which are involved in lipid metabolism. These enzymes generate phosphatidic acid by catalyzing the phosphorylation of diacylglycerol, a fundamental lipid second messenger that activates numerous proteins, including protein kinase C isoforms, Ras guanyl nucleotide-releasing proteins and some transient receptor potential channels. Diacylglycerol kinase gamma has been implicated in cell cycle regulation and in the negative regulation of macrophage differentiation in leukemia cells. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DGKD | diacylglycerol kinase, delta 130kDa|This gene encodes a cytoplasmic enzyme that phosphorylates diacylglycerol to produce phosphatidic acid. Diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid are two lipids that act as second messengers in signaling cascades. Their cellular concentrations are regulated by the encoded protein, and so it is thought to play an important role in cellular signal transduction. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DGKE | diacylglycerol kinase, epsilon 64kDa|Diacylglycerol kinases are thought to be involved mainly in the regeneration of phosphatidylinositol (PI) from diacylglycerol in the PI-cycle during cell signal transduction. When expressed in mammalian cells, DGK-epsilon shows specificity for arachidonyl-containing diacylglycerol. DGK-epsilon is expressed predominantly in testis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UFL1 | UFM1-specific ligase 1| |
| COPZ1 | coatomer protein complex, subunit zeta 1|This gene encodes a subunit of the cytoplasmic coatamer protein complex, which is involved in autophagy and intracellular protein trafficking. The coatomer protein complex is comprised of seven subunits and functions as the coat protein of coat protein complex (COP)I-vesicles. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| TMEM106B | transmembrane protein 106B| |
| TMEM106C | transmembrane protein 106C| |
| CNP | 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase| |
| TMEM106A | transmembrane protein 106A| |
| PTGIS | prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin) synthase|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. However, this protein is considered a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily on the basis of sequence similarity rather than functional similarity. This endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein catalyzes the conversion of prostglandin H2 to prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2), a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation. An imbalance of prostacyclin and its physiological antagonist thromboxane A2 contribute to the development of myocardial infarction, stroke, and atherosclerosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PTGIR | prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin) receptor (IP)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor family 1 and has been shown to be a receptor for prostacyclin. Prostacyclin, the major product of cyclooxygenase in macrovascular endothelium, elicits a potent vasodilation and inhibition of platelet aggregation through binding to this receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FFAR3 | free fatty acid receptor 3| |
| TCERG1L | transcription elongation regulator 1-like| |
| C21orf2 | chromosome 21 open reading frame 2|Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding four different isoforms have been found for this nuclear gene. All isoforms contain leucine-rich repeats. Three of these isoforms are mitochondrial proteins and one of them lacks the target peptide, so is not located in mitochondrion. This gene is down-regulated in Down syndrome (DS) brain, which may represent mitochondrial dysfunction in DS patients. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012] |
| RTEL1 | regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1|This gene encodes a DNA helicase which functions in the stability, protection and elongation of telomeres and interacts with proteins in the shelterin complex known to protect telomeres during DNA replication. Mutations in this gene have been associated with dyskeratosis congenita and Hoyerall-Hreidarsson syndrome. Read-through transcription of this gene into the neighboring downstream gene, which encodes tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 6b, generates a non-coding transcript. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| NPM1 | nucleophosmin (nucleolar phosphoprotein B23, numatrin)|This gene encodes a phosphoprotein which moves between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The gene product is thought to be involved in several processes including regulation of the ARF/p53 pathway. A number of genes are fusion partners have been characterized, in particular the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene on chromosome 2. Mutations in this gene are associated with acute myeloid leukemia. More than a dozen pseudogenes of this gene have been identified. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| ATF7 | activating transcription factor 7| |
| ANKRD65 | ankyrin repeat domain 65| |
| NPM2 | nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin 2| |
| HSPA13 | heat shock protein 70kDa family, member 13|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the heat shock protein 70 family and is found associated with microsomes. Members of this protein family play a role in the processing of cytosolic and secretory proteins, as well as in the removal of denatured or incorrectly-folded proteins. The encoded protein contains an ATPase domain and has been shown to associate with a ubiquitin-like protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VSNL1 | visinin-like 1|This gene is a member of the visinin/recoverin subfamily of neuronal calcium sensor proteins. The encoded protein is strongly expressed in granule cells of the cerebellum where it associates with membranes in a calcium-dependent manner and modulates intracellular signaling pathways of the central nervous system by directly or indirectly regulating the activity of adenylyl cyclase. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed, but their full-length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PEMT | phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase|Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the most abundant mammalian phospholipid. This gene encodes an enzyme which converts phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine by sequential methylation in the liver. Another distinct synthetic pathway in nucleated cells converts intracellular choline to phosphatidylcholine by a three-step process. The protein isoforms encoded by this gene localize to the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria-associated membranes. Alternate splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| HSPA14 | heat shock 70kDa protein 14| |
| TXNDC15 | thioredoxin domain containing 15| |
| MXI1 | MAX interactor 1, dimerization protein|Expression of the c-myc gene, which produces an oncogenic transcription factor, is tightly regulated in normal cells but is frequently deregulated in human cancers. The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional repressor thought to negatively regulate MYC function, and is therefore a potential tumor suppressor. This protein inhibits the transcriptional activity of MYC by competing for MAX, another basic helix-loop-helix protein that binds to MYC and is required for its function. Defects in this gene are frequently found in patients with prostate tumors. Three alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described. Additional alternatively spliced transcripts may exist but the products of these transcripts have not been verified experimentally. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TXNDC17 | thioredoxin domain containing 17| |
| RUVBL2 | RuvB-like AAA ATPase 2|This gene encodes the second human homologue of the bacterial RuvB gene. Bacterial RuvB protein is a DNA helicase essential for homologous recombination and DNA double-strand break repair. Functional analysis showed that this gene product has both ATPase and DNA helicase activities. This gene is physically linked to the CGB/LHB gene cluster on chromosome 19q13.3, and is very close (55 nt) to the LHB gene, in the opposite orientation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AKR1D1 | aldo-keto reductase family 1, member D1|The enzyme encoded by this gene is responsible for the catalysis of the 5-beta-reduction of bile acid intermediates and steroid hormones carrying a delta(4)-3-one structure. Deficiency of this enzyme may contribute to hepatic dysfunction. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Other variants may be present, but their full-length natures have not been determined yet. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| TMEM25 | transmembrane protein 25| |
| PDE2A | phosphodiesterase 2A, cGMP-stimulated| |
| C1orf94 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 94| |
| ATF3 | activating transcription factor 3|This gene encodes a member of the mammalian activation transcription factor/cAMP responsive element-binding (CREB) protein family of transcription factors. This gene is induced by a variety of signals, including many of those encountered by cancer cells, and is involved in the complex process of cellular stress response. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. It is possible that alternative splicing of this gene may be physiologically important in the regulation of target genes. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011] |
| OSCAR | osteoclast associated, immunoglobulin-like receptor|Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that resorb bone and are essential for bone homeostasis. This gene encodes an osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), which is a member of the leukocyte receptor complex protein family that plays critical roles in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. The encoded protein may play a role in oxidative stress-mediated atherogenesis as well as monocyte adhesion. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| AHNAK2 | AHNAK nucleoprotein 2| |
| ATF2 | activating transcription factor 2|This gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA binding proteins. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions This protein binds to the cAMP-responsive element (CRE), an octameric palindrome. It forms a homodimer or a heterodimer with c-Jun and stimulates CRE-dependent transcription. This protein is also a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that specifically acetylates histones H2B and H4 in vitro; thus it may represent a class of sequence-specific factors that activate transcription by direct effects on chromatin components. The encoded protein may also be involved in cell's DNA damage response independent of its role in transcriptional regulation. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| SCFD1 | sec1 family domain containing 1| |
| RALB | v-ral simian leukemia viral oncogene homolog B|This gene encodes a GTP-binding protein that belongs to the small GTPase superfamily and Ras family of proteins. GTP-binding proteins mediate the transmembrane signaling initiated by the occupancy of certain cell surface receptors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PPP3R2 | protein phosphatase 3, regulatory subunit B, beta| |
| MYPOP | Myb-related transcription factor, partner of profilin| |
| FAM222A | family with sequence similarity 222, member A| |
| SCG5 | secretogranin V| |
| IQCB1 | IQ motif containing B1|This gene encodes a nephrocystin protein that interacts with calmodulin and the retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator protein. The encoded protein has a central coiled-coil region and two calmodulin-binding IQ domains. It is localized to the primary cilia of renal epithelial cells and connecting cilia of photoreceptor cells. The protein is thought to play a role in ciliary function. Defects in this gene result in Senior-Loken syndrome type 5. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| SCG3 | secretogranin III|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the chromogranin/secretogranin family of neuroendocrine secretory proteins. Granins may serve as precursors for biologically active peptides. Some granins have been shown to function as helper proteins in sorting and proteolytic processing of prohormones; however, the function of this protein is unknown. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| RIC3 | RIC3 acetylcholine receptor chaperone|The protein encoded by this gene promotes functional expression of homomeric nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the cell surface. It enhances currents generated by these receptors by expediting receptor transport to the cell surface and by increasing receptor number. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| FFAR1 | free fatty acid receptor 1|This gene encodes a member of the GP40 family of G protein-coupled receptors that are clustered together on chromosome 19. The encoded protein is a receptor for medium and long chain free fatty acids and may be involved in the metabolic regulation of insulin secretion. Polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with type 2 diabetes. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| AP5S1 | adaptor-related protein complex 5, sigma 1 subunit| |
| KRT222 | keratin 222, type II| |
| DDX54 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 54|This gene encodes a member of the DEAD box protein family. DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. The nucleolar protein encoded by this gene interacts in a hormone-dependent manner with nuclear receptors, and represses their transcriptional activity. Alternative splice variants that encode different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SEMA4A | sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), transmembrane domain (TM) and short cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 4A|This gene encodes a member of the semaphorin family of soluble and transmembrane proteins. Semaphorins are involved in numerous functions, including axon guidance, morphogenesis, carcinogenesis, and immunomodulation. The encoded protein is a single-pass type I membrane protein containing an immunoglobulin-like C2-type domain, a PSI domain and a sema domain. It inhibits axonal extension by providing local signals to specify territories inaccessible for growing axons. It is an activator of T-cell-mediated immunity and suppresses vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated endothelial cell migration and proliferation in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. Mutations in this gene are associated with retinal degenerative diseases including retinitis pigmentosa type 35 (RP35) and cone-rod dystrophy type 10 (CORD10). Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| SEMA4B | sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), transmembrane domain (TM) and short cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 4B| |
| DDX55 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 55|This gene encodes a member of the DEAD box protein family. DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure, such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the biological validity of only one transcript has been confirmed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SEMA4D | sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), transmembrane domain (TM) and short cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 4D| |
| GABRB2 | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, beta 2|The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor is a multisubunit chloride channel that mediates the fastest inhibitory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. This gene encodes GABA A receptor, beta 2 subunit. It is mapped to chromosome 5q34 in a cluster comprised of genes encoding alpha 1 and gamma 2 subunits of the GABA A receptor. Alternative splicing of this gene generates 2 transcript variants, differing by a 114 bp insertion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SEMA4F | sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), transmembrane domain (TM) and short cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 4F|This gene encodes a transmembrane class IV semaphorin family protein, which plays a role in neural development. This gene may be involved in neurogenesis in prostate cancer, the development of neurofibromas, and breast cancer tumorigenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| SEMA4G | sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), transmembrane domain (TM) and short cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 4G|Semaphorins are a large family of conserved secreted and membrane associated proteins which possess a semaphorin (Sema) domain and a PSI domain (found in plexins, semaphorins and integrins) in the N-terminal extracellular portion. Based on sequence and structural similarities, semaphorins are put into eight classes: invertebrates contain classes 1 and 2, viruses have class V, and vertebrates contain classes 3-7. Semaphorins serve as axon guidance ligands via multimeric receptor complexes, some (if not all) containing plexin proteins. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| OTUD7A | OTU deubiquitinase 7A|Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs; see MIM 603478) are proteases that specifically cleave ubiquitin (MIM 191339) linkages, negating the action of ubiquitin ligases. OTUD7A belongs to a DUB subfamily characterized by an ovarian tumor (OTU) domain.[supplied by OMIM, May 2008] |
| MKL1 | megakaryoblastic leukemia (translocation) 1|The protein encoded by this gene interacts with the transcription factor myocardin, a key regulator of smooth muscle cell differentiation. The encoded protein is predominantly nuclear and may help transduce signals from the cytoskeleton to the nucleus. This gene is involved in a specific translocation event that creates a fusion of this gene and the RNA-binding motif protein-15 gene. This translocation has been associated with acute megakaryocytic leukemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| BYSL | bystin-like|Bystin is expressed as a 2-kb major transcript and a 3.6-kb minor transcript in SNG-M cells and in human trophoblastic teratocarcinoma HT-H cells. Protein binding assays determined that bystin binds directly to trophinin and tastin, and that binding is enhanced when cytokeratins 8 and 18 are present. Immunocytochemistry of HT-H cells showed that bystin colocalizes with trophinin, tastin, and the cytokeratins, suggesting that these molecules form a complex in trophectoderm cells at the time of implantation. Using immunohistochemistry it was determined that trophinin and bystin are found in the placenta from the sixth week of pregnancy. Both proteins were localized in the cytoplasm of the syncytiotrophoblast in the chorionic villi and in endometrial decidual cells at the uteroplacental interface. After week 10, the levels of trophinin, tastin, and bystin decreased and then disappeared from placental villi. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C10orf111 | chromosome 10 open reading frame 111| |
| SQRDL | sulfide quinone reductase-like (yeast)|The protein encoded by this gene may function in mitochondria to catalyze the conversion of sulfide to persulfides, thereby decreasing toxic concencrations of sulfide. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012] |
| CTAGE1 | cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-associated antigen 1| |
| CTAGE5 | CTAGE family, member 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a tumor-associated antigen found in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and several other cancers. Autoantibodies against the encoded protein have been found in some cancers. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| IGHG4 | immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 4 (G4m marker)| |
| RHBDD2 | rhomboid domain containing 2| |
| MEDAG | mesenteric estrogen-dependent adipogenesis| |
| SP110 | SP110 nuclear body protein|The nuclear body is a multiprotein complex that may have a role in the regulation of gene transcription. This gene is a member of the SP100/SP140 family of nuclear body proteins and encodes a leukocyte-specific nuclear body component. The protein can function as an activator of gene transcription and may serve as a nuclear hormone receptor coactivator. In addition, it has been suggested that the protein may play a role in ribosome biogenesis and in the induction of myeloid cell differentiation. Alternative splicing has been observed for this gene and three transcript variants, encoding distinct isoforms, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SCN4B | sodium channel, voltage gated, type IV beta subunit|The protein encoded by this gene is one of several sodium channel beta subunits. These subunits interact with voltage-gated alpha subunits to change sodium channel kinetics. The encoded transmembrane protein forms interchain disulfide bonds with SCN2A. Defects in this gene are a cause of long QT syndrome type 10 (LQT10). Three protein-coding and one non-coding transcript variant have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| CTTNBP2 | cortactin binding protein 2|This gene encodes a protein with six ankyrin repeats and several proline-rich regions. A similar gene in rat interacts with a central regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GALNT16 | polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 16| |
| SUMO2 | small ubiquitin-like modifier 2|This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) protein family. It functions in a manner similar to ubiquitin in that it is bound to target proteins as part of a post-translational modification system. However, unlike ubiquitin which targets proteins for degradation, this protein is involved in a variety of cellular processes, such as nuclear transport, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, and protein stability. It is not active until the last two amino acids of the carboxy-terminus have been cleaved off. Numerous pseudogenes have been reported for this gene. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDC42BPB | CDC42 binding protein kinase beta (DMPK-like)|This gene encodes a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. The encoded protein contains a Cdc42/Rac-binding p21 binding domain resembling that of PAK kinase. The kinase domain of this protein is most closely related to that of myotonic dystrophy kinase-related ROK. Studies of the similar gene in rat suggested that this kinase may act as a downstream effector of Cdc42 in cytoskeletal reorganization. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GIP | gastric inhibitory polypeptide|This gene encodes an incretin hormone and belongs to the glucagon superfamily. The encoded protein is important in maintaining glucose homeostasis as it is a potent stimulator of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells following food ingestion and nutrient absorption. This gene stimulates insulin secretion via its G protein-coupled receptor activation of adenylyl cyclase and other signal transduction pathways. It is a relatively poor inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TMCO4 | transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 4| |
| SCCPDH | saccharopine dehydrogenase (putative)| |
| HSPA8 | heat shock 70kDa protein 8|This gene encodes a member of the heat shock protein 70 family, which contains both heat-inducible and constitutively expressed members. This protein belongs to the latter group, which are also referred to as heat-shock cognate proteins. It functions as a chaperone, and binds to nascent polypeptides to facilitate correct folding. It also functions as an ATPase in the disassembly of clathrin-coated vesicles during transport of membrane components through the cell. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| GIF | gastric intrinsic factor (vitamin B synthesis)|This gene is a member of the cobalamin transport protein family. It encodes a glycoprotein secreted by parietal cells of the gastric mucosa and is required for adequate absorption of vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is necessary for erythrocyte maturation and mutations in this gene may lead to congenital pernicious anemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SERP1 | stress-associated endoplasmic reticulum protein 1| |
| GALNT15 | polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 15| |
| KCTD12 | potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 12| |
| GALNT12 | polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 12|This gene encodes a member of a family of UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases, which catalyze the transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) from UDP-GalNAc to a serine or threonine residue on a polypeptide acceptor in the initial step of O-linked protein glycosylation. Mutations in this gene are associated with an increased susceptibility to colorectal cancer.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| CNDP1 | carnosine dipeptidase 1 (metallopeptidase M20 family)|This gene encodes a member of the M20 metalloprotease family. The encoded protein is specifically expressed in the brain, is a homodimeric dipeptidase which was identified as human carnosinase. This gene contains trinucleotide (CTG) repeat length polymorphism in the coding region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CNDP2 | CNDP dipeptidase 2 (metallopeptidase M20 family)|CNDP2, also known as tissue carnosinase and peptidase A (EC 3.4.13.18), is a nonspecific dipeptidase rather than a selective carnosinase (Teufel et al., 2003 [PubMed 12473676]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CDA | cytidine deaminase|This gene encodes an enzyme involved in pyrimidine salvaging. The encoded protein forms a homotetramer that catalyzes the irreversible hydrolytic deamination of cytidine and deoxycytidine to uridine and deoxyuridine, respectively. It is one of several deaminases responsible for maintaining the cellular pyrimidine pool. Mutations in this gene are associated with decreased sensitivity to the cytosine nucleoside analogue cytosine arabinoside used in the treatment of certain childhood leukemias. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NPL | N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase (dihydrodipicolinate synthase)|This gene encodes a member of the N-acetylneuraminate lyase sub-family of (beta/alpha)(8)-barrel enzymes. N-acetylneuraminate lyases regulate cellular concentrations of N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (sialic acid) by mediating the reversible conversion of sialic acid into N-acetylmannosamine and pyruvate. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| STRBP | spermatid perinuclear RNA binding protein| |
| TTI2 | TELO2 interacting protein 2|This gene encodes a regulator of the DNA damage response. The protein is a component of the Triple T complex (TTT) which also includes telomere length regulation protein and TELO2 interacting protein 1. The TTT complex is involved in cellular resistance to DNA damage stresses and may act as a regulator of phosphoinositide-3-kinase-related protein kinase (PIKK) abundance. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| TTI1 | TELO2 interacting protein 1| |
| BPIFB2 | BPI fold containing family B, member 2|This gene encodes a member of the lipid transfer/lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LT/LBP) gene family. It is highly expressed in hypertrophic tonsils. This gene and three other members of the LT/LBP gene family form a cluster on the long arm of chromosome 20. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FFAR4 | free fatty acid receptor 4|This gene encodes a G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) which belongs to the rhodopsin family of GPRs. The encoded protein functions as a receptor for free fatty acids, including omega-3, and participates in suppressing anti-inflammatory responses and insulin sensitizing. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| GALNT11 | polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 11| |
| BPIFB1 | BPI fold containing family B, member 1|The protein encoded by this gene may be involved in the innate immune response to bacterial exposure in the mouth, nasal cavities, and lungs. The encoded protein is secreted and is a member of the BPI/LBP/PLUNC protein superfamily. This gene is found with other members of the superfamily in a cluster on chromosome 20. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CXorf67 | chromosome X open reading frame 67| |
| NPB | neuropeptide B|Neuropeptide B (NPB) is an endogenous peptide ligand for G protein-coupled receptor-7 (GPR7; MIM 600730).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| AHR | aryl hydrocarbon receptor|This gene encodes a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in the regulation of biological responses to planar aromatic hydrocarbons. This receptor has been shown to regulate xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P450. Its ligands included a variety of aromatic hydrocarbons. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SCGN | secretagogin, EF-hand calcium binding protein|The encoded protein is a secreted calcium-binding protein which is found in the cytoplasm. It is related to calbindin D-28K and calretinin. This protein is thought to be involved in KCL-stimulated calcium flux and cell proliferation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GADD45GIP1 | growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, gamma interacting protein 1|This gene encodes a nuclear-localized protein that may be induced by p53 and regulates the cell cycle by inhibiting G1 to S phase progression. The encoded protein may interact with other cell cycle regulators. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| COLEC12 | collectin sub-family member 12|This gene encodes a member of the C-lectin family, proteins that possess collagen-like sequences and carbohydrate recognition domains. This protein is a scavenger receptor, a cell surface glycoprotein that displays several functions associated with host defense. It can bind to carbohydrate antigens on microorganisms, facilitating their recognition and removal. It also mediates the recognition, internalization, and degradation of oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein by vascular endothelial cells. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| ENC1 | ectodermal-neural cortex 1 (with BTB domain)|This gene encodes a member of the kelch-related family of actin-binding proteins. The encoded protein plays a role in the oxidative stress response as a regulator of the transcription factor Nrf2, and expression of this gene may play a role in malignant transformation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| PLXNA2 | plexin A2|This gene encodes a member of the plexin-A family of semaphorin co-receptors. Semaphorins are a large family of secreted or membrane-bound proteins that mediate repulsive effects on axon pathfinding during nervous system development. A subset of semaphorins are recognized by plexin-A/neuropilin transmembrane receptor complexes, triggering a cellular signal transduction cascade that leads to axon repulsion. This plexin-A family member is thought to transduce signals from semaphorin-3A and -3C. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NPW | neuropeptide W|The product of this gene is processed into 23- and 30-amino acid neuropeptides that bind and activate two G-protein coupled receptors in the central nervous system. The neuropeptides have been shown to enhance cortisol secretion from adrenal cells through the adenylate cyclase/protein kinase A signaling cascade. The preproprotein is translated using a non-AUG initiation codon that is inferred from analyses of the mouse ortholog. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TXNRD1 | thioredoxin reductase 1|This gene encodes a member of the family of pyridine nucleotide oxidoreductases. This protein reduces thioredoxins as well as other substrates, and plays a role in selenium metabolism and protection against oxidative stress. The functional enzyme is thought to be a homodimer which uses FAD as a cofactor. Each subunit contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue which is required for catalytic activity. The selenocysteine is encoded by the UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTR of selenocysteine-containing genes have a common stem-loop structure, the sec insertion sequence (SECIS), that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. Alternative splicing results in several transcript variants encoding the same or different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STK38L | serine/threonine kinase 38 like| |
| ACTA2 | actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the actin family of proteins, which are highly conserved proteins that play a role in cell motility, structure and integrity. Alpha, beta and gamma actin isoforms have been identified, with alpha actins being a major constituent of the contractile apparatus, while beta and gamma actins are involved in the regulation of cell motility. This actin is an alpha actin that is found in skeletal muscle. Defects in this gene cause aortic aneurysm familial thoracic type 6. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| ZNF197 | zinc finger protein 197|This gene product belongs to the zinc finger protein superfamily, members of which are regulatory proteins characterized by nucleic acid-binding zinc finger domains. The encoded protein contains 20 tandemly arrayed C2H2-type zinc fingers, a Kruppel-associated box (KRAB) domain, and a SCAN box. This transcript turns over rapidly and contains 3' UTR AUUUA motifs, which are often a hallmark of rapid turnover. It is overexpressed in some thyroid papillary carcinomas. This gene is located in a cluster of zinc finger genes at 3p21. Two alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACTA1 | actin, alpha 1, skeletal muscle|The product encoded by this gene belongs to the actin family of proteins, which are highly conserved proteins that play a role in cell motility, structure and integrity. Alpha, beta and gamma actin isoforms have been identified, with alpha actins being a major constituent of the contractile apparatus, while beta and gamma actins are involved in the regulation of cell motility. This actin is an alpha actin that is found in skeletal muscle. Mutations in this gene cause nemaline myopathy type 3, congenital myopathy with excess of thin myofilaments, congenital myopathy with cores, and congenital myopathy with fiber-type disproportion, diseases that lead to muscle fiber defects. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EMCN | endomucin|EMCN is a mucin-like sialoglycoprotein that interferes with the assembly of focal adhesion complexes and inhibits interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix (Kinoshita et al., 2001 [PubMed 11418125]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| QSOX2 | quiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 2|QSOX2 is a member of the sulfhydryl oxidase/quiescin-6 (Q6) family (QSOX1; MIM 603120) that regulates the sensitization of neuroblastoma cells for IFN-gamma (IFNG; MIM 147570)-induced cell death (Wittke et al., 2003 [PubMed 14633699]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009] |
| QSOX1 | quiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 1|This gene encodes a protein that contains domains of thioredoxin and ERV1, members of two long-standing gene families. The gene expression is induced as fibroblasts begin to exit the proliferative cycle and enter quiescence, suggesting that this gene plays an important role in growth regulation. Two transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PDS5A | PDS5 cohesin associated factor A|The protein encoded by this gene binds to the cohesin complex and associates with chromatin through most of the cell cycle. The encoded protein may play a role in regulating sister chromatid cohesion during mitosis. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| PDS5B | PDS5 cohesin associated factor B|This gene encodes a protein that interacts with the conserved protein complex termed cohesion. The cohesion complex holds together sister chromatids and facilitates accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. This protein is also a negative regulator of cell proliferation and may be a tumor-suppressor gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| TSTD2 | thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (rhodanese)-like domain containing 2| |
| PKHD1L1 | polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 (autosomal recessive)-like 1| |
| LMTK2 | lemur tyrosine kinase 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the protein kinase superfamily and the protein tyrosine kinase family. It contains N-terminal transmembrane helices and a long C-terminal cytoplasmic tail with serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity. This protein interacts with several other proteins, such as Inhibitor-2 (Inh2), protein phosphatase-1 (PP1C), p35, and myosin VI. It phosporylates other proteins, and is itself also phosporylated when interacting with cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5)/p35 complex. This protein involves in nerve growth factor (NGF)-TrkA signalling, and also plays a critical role in endosomal membrane trafficking. Mouse studies suggested an essential role of this protein in spermatogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| BNIPL | BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19kD interacting protein like|The protein encoded by this gene interacts with several other proteins, such as BCL2, ARHGAP1, MIF and GFER. It may function as a bridge molecule between BCL2 and ARHGAP1/CDC42 in promoting cell death. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| TADA2A | transcriptional adaptor 2A|Many DNA-binding transcriptional activator proteins enhance the initiation rate of RNA polymerase II-mediated gene transcription by interacting functionally with the general transcription machinery bound at the basal promoter. Adaptor proteins are usually required for this activation, possibly to acetylate and destabilize nucleosomes, thereby relieving chromatin constraints at the promoter. The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional activator adaptor and has been found to be part of the PCAF histone acetylase complex. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| TADA2B | transcriptional adaptor 2B|TADA2B functions as a transcriptional adaptor protein that potentiates transcription through coordination of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity and by linking activation factors to basal transcriptional machinery (Barlev et al., 2003 [PubMed 12972612]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010] |
| NR2C2AP | nuclear receptor 2C2-associated protein| |
| PAICS | phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase|This gene encodes a bifunctional enzyme containing phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase activity in its N-terminal region and phosphoribosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase in its C-terminal region. It catalyzes steps 6 and 7 of purine biosynthesis. The gene is closely linked and divergently transcribed with a locus that encodes an enzyme in the same pathway, and transcription of the two genes is coordinately regulated. The human genome contains several pseudogenes of this gene. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RSBN1L | round spermatid basic protein 1-like| |
| UBXN2B | UBX domain protein 2B| |
| UBXN2A | UBX domain protein 2A| |
| VWA5B2 | von Willebrand factor A domain containing 5B2| |
| DYNC2LI1 | dynein, cytoplasmic 2, light intermediate chain 1| |
| PUS7L | pseudouridylate synthase 7 homolog (S. cerevisiae)-like| |
| ZNF221 | zinc finger protein 221| |
| ZNF222 | zinc finger protein 222| |
| ZNF223 | zinc finger protein 223|This gene encodes a protein containing a Kruppel-associated box domain and multiple zinc finger domains. The function of this protein has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| ZNF224 | zinc finger protein 224| |
| ZNF225 | zinc finger protein 225| |
| ZNF226 | zinc finger protein 226| |
| KIF9 | kinesin family member 9| |
| KIF6 | kinesin family member 6| |
| ZNF229 | zinc finger protein 229| |
| KCNQ4 | potassium channel, voltage gated KQT-like subfamily Q, member 4|The protein encoded by this gene forms a potassium channel that is thought to play a critical role in the regulation of neuronal excitability, particularly in sensory cells of the cochlea. The current generated by this channel is inhibited by M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and activated by retigabine, a novel anti-convulsant drug. The encoded protein can form a homomultimeric potassium channel or possibly a heteromultimeric channel in association with the protein encoded by the KCNQ3 gene. Defects in this gene are a cause of nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness type 2 (DFNA2), an autosomal dominant form of progressive hearing loss. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KCNQ5 | potassium channel, voltage gated KQT-like subfamily Q, member 5|This gene is a member of the KCNQ potassium channel gene family that is differentially expressed in subregions of the brain and in skeletal muscle. The protein encoded by this gene yields currents that activate slowly with depolarization and can form heteromeric channels with the protein encoded by the KCNQ3 gene. Currents expressed from this protein have voltage dependences and inhibitor sensitivities in common with M-currents. They are also inhibited by M1 muscarinic receptor activation. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| KCNQ2 | potassium channel, voltage gated KQT-like subfamily Q, member 2|The M channel is a slowly activating and deactivating potassium channel that plays a critical role in the regulation of neuronal excitability. The M channel is formed by the association of the protein encoded by this gene and a related protein encoded by the KCNQ3 gene, both integral membrane proteins. M channel currents are inhibited by M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and activated by retigabine, a novel anti-convulsant drug. Defects in this gene are a cause of benign familial neonatal convulsions type 1 (BFNC), also known as epilepsy, benign neonatal type 1 (EBN1). At least five transcript variants encoding five different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CEACAM6 | carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (non-specific cross reacting antigen)|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family whose members are glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI) anchored cell surface glycoproteins. Members of this family play a role in cell adhesion and are widely used as tumor markers in serum immunoassay determinations of carcinoma. This gene affects the sensitivity of tumor cells to adenovirus infection. The protein encoded by this gene acts as a receptor for adherent-invasive E. coli adhesion to the surface of ileal epithelial cells in patients with Crohn's disease. This gene is clustered with genes and pseudogenes of the cell adhesion molecules subgroup of the CEA family on chromosome 19. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| KCNQ1 | potassium channel, voltage gated KQT-like subfamily Q, member 1|This gene encodes a voltage-gated potassium channel required for repolarization phase of the cardiac action potential. This protein can form heteromultimers with two other potassium channel proteins, KCNE1 and KCNE3. Mutations in this gene are associated with hereditary long QT syndrome 1 (also known as Romano-Ward syndrome), Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, and familial atrial fibrillation. This gene exhibits tissue-specific imprinting, with preferential expression from the maternal allele in some tissues, and biallelic expression in others. This gene is located in a region of chromosome 11 amongst other imprinted genes that are associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), and itself has been shown to be disrupted by chromosomal rearrangements in patients with BWS. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| HOXC11 | homeobox C11|This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, which are located on different chromosomes and consist of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXC genes located in a cluster on chromosome 12. The product of this gene binds to a promoter element of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase. It also may play a role in early intestinal development. An alternatively spliced variant encoding a shorter isoform has been described but its full-length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HOXC10 | homeobox C10|This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, which are located on different chromosomes and consist of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXC genes located in a cluster on chromosome 12. The protein level is controlled during cell differentiation and proliferation, which may indicate this protein has a role in origin activation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HOXC13 | homeobox C13|This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, which are located on different chromosomes and consist of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXC genes located in a cluster on chromosome 12. The product of this gene may play a role in the development of hair, nail, and filiform papilla. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SDF4 | stromal cell derived factor 4|This gene encodes a stromal cell derived factor that is a member of the CREC protein family. The encoded protein contains six EF-hand motifs and calcium-binding motifs. This protein localizes to the Golgi lumen and may be involved in regulating calcium dependent cellular activities. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| VEGFA | vascular endothelial growth factor A|This gene is a member of the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family and encodes a protein that is often found as a disulfide linked homodimer. This protein is a glycosylated mitogen that specifically acts on endothelial cells and has various effects, including mediating increased vascular permeability, inducing angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth, promoting cell migration, and inhibiting apoptosis. Elevated levels of this protein is linked to POEMS syndrome, also known as Crow-Fukase syndrome. Mutations in this gene have been associated with proliferative and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants, encoding either freely secreted or cell-associated isoforms, have been characterized. There is also evidence for the use of non-AUG (CUG) translation initiation sites upstream of, and in-frame with the first AUG, leading to additional isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| VEGFC | vascular endothelial growth factor C|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (PDGF/VEGF) family. The encoded protein promotes angiogenesis and endothelial cell growth, and can also affect the permeability of blood vessels. The proprotein is further cleaved into a fully processed form that can bind and activate VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 receptors. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| VEGFB | vascular endothelial growth factor B|This gene encodes a member of the PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor)/VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) family. The VEGF family members regulate the formation of blood vessels and are involved in endothelial cell physiology. This member is a ligand for VEGFR-1 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1) and NRP-1 (neuropilin-1). Studies in mice showed that this gene was co-expressed with nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes and the encoded protein specifically controlled endothelial uptake of fatty acids. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| LHX4 | LIM homeobox 4|This gene encodes a member of a large protein family which contains the LIM domain, a unique cysteine-rich zinc-binding domain. The encoded protein is a transcription factor involved in the control of differentiation and development of the pituitary gland. Mutations in this gene cause combined pituitary hormone deficiency 4. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| RTTN | rotatin|This gene encodes a large protein whose specific function is unknown. Absence of the orthologous protein in mouse results in embryonic lethality with deficient axial rotation, abnormal differentiation of the neural tube, and randomized looping of the heart tube during development. In human, mutations in this gene are associated with polymicrogyria with seizures. In human fibroblasts this protein localizes at the ciliary basal bodies. Given the intracellular localization of this protein and the phenotypic effects of mutations, this gene is suspected of playing a role in the maintenance of normal ciliary structure which in turn effects the developmental process of left-right organ specification, axial rotation, and perhaps notochord development. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| BNIP1 | BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa interacting protein 1|This gene is a member of the BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kd-interacting protein (BNIP) family. It interacts with the E1B 19 kDa protein, which protects cells from virally-induced cell death. The encoded protein also interacts with E1B 19 kDa-like sequences of BCL2, another apoptotic protector. In addition, this protein is involved in vesicle transport into the endoplasmic reticulum. Alternative splicing of this gene results in four protein products with identical N- and C-termini. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| BNIP2 | BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa interacting protein 2|This gene is a member of the BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kd-interacting protein (BNIP) family. It interacts with the E1B 19 kDa protein, which protects cells from virally-induced cell death. The encoded protein also interacts with E1B 19 kDa-like sequences of BCL2, another apoptotic protector. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| BNIP3 | BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa interacting protein 3|This gene is encodes a mitochondrial protein that contains a BH3 domain and acts as a pro-apoptotic factor. The encoded protein interacts with anti-apoptotic proteins, including the E1B 19 kDa protein and Bcl2. This gene is silenced in tumors by DNA methylation. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| PDE4C | phosphodiesterase 4C, cAMP-specific|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) family, and PDE4 subfamily. This PDE hydrolyzes the second messenger, cAMP, which is a regulator and mediator of a number of cellular responses to extracellular signals. Thus, by regulating the cellular concentration of cAMP, this protein plays a key role in many important physiological processes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| BLOC1S1 | biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex-1, subunit 1|BLOC1S1 is a component of the ubiquitously expressed BLOC1 multisubunit protein complex. BLOC1 is required for normal biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules (Starcevic and Dell'Angelica, 2004 [PubMed 15102850]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PSMB2 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, beta type, 2|The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered ring-shaped 20S core structure. The core structure is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes a member of the proteasome B-type family, also known as the T1B family, that is a 20S core beta subunit. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| ZAN | zonadhesin (gene/pseudogene)|This gene encodes a protein that functions in the species specificity of sperm adhesion to the egg zona pellucida. The encoded protein is located in the acrosome and may be involved in signaling or gamete recognition. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| DYX1C1 | dyslexia susceptibility 1 candidate 1|This gene encodes a tetratricopeptide repeat domain-containing protein. The encoded protein interacts with estrogen receptors and the heat shock proteins, Hsp70 and Hsp90. An homologous protein in rat has been shown to function in neuronal migration in the developing neocortex. A chromosomal translocation involving this gene is associated with a susceptibility to developmental dyslexia. Mutations in this gene are associated with deficits in reading and spelling. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the downstream cell cycle progression 1 (CCPG1) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| KIAA1549 | KIAA1549|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the UPF0606 family. This gene has been found to be fused to the BRAF oncogene in many cases of pilocytic astrocytoma. The fusion results from 2Mb tandem duplications at 7q34. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| SHB | Src homology 2 domain containing adaptor protein B| |
| KIR2DL3 | killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, two domains, long cytoplasmic tail, 3|Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIR2DL2 | killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, two domains, long cytoplasmic tail, 2|Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EMC9 | ER membrane protein complex subunit 9| |
| EMC8 | ER membrane protein complex subunit 8| |
| FLOT1 | flotillin 1|Caveolae are small domains on the inner cell membrane involved in vesicular trafficking and signal transduction. FLOT1 encodes a caveolae-associated, integral membrane protein. The function of flotillin 1 has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FLOT2 | flotillin 2|Caveolae are small domains on the inner cell membrane involved in vesicular trafficking and signal transduction. This gene encodes a caveolae-associated, integral membrane protein, which is thought to function in neuronal signaling. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIR2DL4 | killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, two domains, long cytoplasmic tail, 4|Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. This gene is one of the "framework" loci that is present on all haplotypes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EMC3 | ER membrane protein complex subunit 3| |
| EMC2 | ER membrane protein complex subunit 2| |
| EMC1 | ER membrane protein complex subunit 1|This gene encodes a single-pass type I transmembrane protein, which is a subunit of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC). Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012] |
| EMC7 | ER membrane protein complex subunit 7| |
| EMC6 | ER membrane protein complex subunit 6| |
| EMC4 | ER membrane protein complex subunit 4| |
| PDE6B | phosphodiesterase 6B, cGMP-specific, rod, beta|Photon absorption triggers a signaling cascade in rod photoreceptors that activates cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE), resulting in the rapid hydrolysis of cGMP, closure of cGMP-gated cation channels, and hyperpolarization of the cell. PDE is a peripheral membrane heterotrimeric enzyme made up of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. This gene encodes the beta subunit. Mutations in this gene result in retinitis pigmentosa and autosomal dominant congenital stationary night blindness. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| SCAI | suppressor of cancer cell invasion|This gene encodes a regulator of cell migration. The encoded protein appears to function in the RhoA (ras homolog gene family, member A)-Dia1 (diaphanous homolog 1) signal transduction pathway. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| ZNF490 | zinc finger protein 490| |
| PSMB1 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, beta type, 1|The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered ring-shaped 20S core structure. The core structure is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes a member of the proteasome B-type family, also known as the T1B family, that is a 20S core beta subunit. This gene is tightly linked to the TBP (TATA-binding protein) gene in human and in mouse, and is transcribed in the opposite orientation in both species. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STIM1 | stromal interaction molecule 1|This gene encodes a type 1 transmembrane protein that mediates Ca2+ influx after depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores by gating of store-operated Ca2+ influx channels (SOCs). It is one of several genes located in the imprinted gene domain of 11p15.5, an important tumor-suppressor gene region. Alterations in this region have been associated with the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, adrenocrotical carcinoma, and lung, ovarian, and breast cancer. This gene may play a role in malignancies and disease that involve this region, as well as early hematopoiesis, by mediating attachment to stromal cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with fatal classic Kaposi sarcoma, immunodeficiency due to defects in store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) in fibroblasts, ectodermal dysplasia and tubular aggregate myopathy. This gene is oriented in a head-to-tail configuration with the ribonucleotide reductase 1 gene (RRM1), with the 3' end of this gene situated 1.6 kb from the 5' end of the RRM1 gene. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| OTUD5 | OTU deubiquitinase 5|This gene encodes a member of the OTU (ovarian tumor) domain-containing cysteine protease superfamily. The OTU domain confers deubiquitinase activity and the encoded protein has been shown to suppress the type I interferon-dependent innate immune response by cleaving the polyubiquitin chain from an essential type I interferon adaptor protein. Cleavage results in disassociation of the adaptor protein from a downstream signaling complex and disruption of the type I interferon signaling cascade. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| OTUD4 | OTU deubiquitinase 4|Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. The smaller protein isoform encoded by the shorter transcript variant is found only in HIV-1 infected cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| OTUD3 | OTU deubiquitinase 3| |
| AP3M1 | adaptor-related protein complex 3, mu 1 subunit|The protein encoded by this gene is the medium subunit of AP-3, which is an adaptor-related protein complex associated with the Golgi region as well as more peripheral intracellular structures. AP-3 facilitates the budding of vesicles from the Golgi membrane and may be directly involved in protein sorting to the endosomal/lysosomal system. AP-3 is a heterotetrameric protein complex composed of two large subunits (delta and beta3), a medium subunit (mu3), and a small subunit (sigma 3). Mutations in one of the large subunits of AP-3 have been associated with the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by defective lysosome-related organelles. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OTUD1 | OTU deubiquitinase 1|Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs; see MIM 603478) are proteases that specifically cleave ubiquitin (MIM 191339) linkages, negating the action of ubiquitin ligases. DUBA7 belongs to a DUB subfamily characterized by an ovarian tumor (OTU) domain.[supplied by OMIM, May 2008] |
| MIB1 | mindbomb E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1|This gene encodes a protein containing multiple ankyrin repeats and RING finger domains that functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. The encoded protein positively regulates Notch signaling by ubiquitinating the Notch receptors, thereby facilitating their endocytosis. This protein may also promote the ubiquitination and degradation of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| SERHL2 | serine hydrolase-like 2| |
| AKAP12 | A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 12|The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. This gene encodes a member of the AKAP family. The encoded protein is expressed in endothelial cells, cultured fibroblasts, and osteosarcoma cells. It associates with protein kinases A and C and phosphatase, and serves as a scaffold protein in signal transduction. This protein and RII PKA colocalize at the cell periphery. This protein is a cell growth-related protein. Antibodies to this protein can be produced by patients with myasthenia gravis. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AKAP13 | A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 13|The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. This gene encodes a member of the AKAP family. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms containing c-terminal dbl oncogene homology (DH) and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. The DH domain is associated with guanine nucleotide exchange activation for the Rho/Rac family of small GTP binding proteins, resulting in the conversion of the inactive GTPase to the active form capable of transducing signals. The PH domain has multiple functions. Therefore, these isoforms function as scaffolding proteins to coordinate a Rho signaling pathway, function as protein kinase A-anchoring proteins and, in addition, enhance ligand-dependent activity of estrogen receptors alpha and beta. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| AKAP10 | A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 10|This gene encodes a member of the A-kinase anchor protein family. A-kinase anchor proteins bind to the regulatory subunits of protein kinase A (PKA) and confine the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. The encoded protein is localized to mitochondria and interacts with both the type I and type II regulatory subunits of PKA. Polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with increased risk of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| AKAP11 | A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 11|The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. This gene encodes a member of the AKAP family. The encoded protein is expressed at high levels throughout spermatogenesis and in mature sperm. It binds the RI and RII subunits of PKA in testis. It may serve a function in cell cycle control of both somatic cells and germ cells in addition to its putative role in spermatogenesis and sperm function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZSCAN5A | zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 5A| |
| HTRA1 | HtrA serine peptidase 1|This gene encodes a member of the trypsin family of serine proteases. This protein is a secreted enzyme that is proposed to regulate the availability of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) by cleaving IGF-binding proteins. It has also been suggested to be a regulator of cell growth. Variations in the promoter region of this gene are the cause of susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration type 7. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HTRA2 | HtrA serine peptidase 2|This gene encodes a serine protease. The protein has been localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and interacts with an alternatively spliced form of mitogen-activated protein kinase 14. The protein has also been localized to the mitochondria with release to the cytosol following apoptotic stimulus. The protein is thought to induce apoptosis by binding the apoptosis inhibitory protein baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 4. Nuclear localization of this protein has also been observed. Alternate splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Additional transcript variants have been described, but their full-length sequences have not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BSDC1 | BSD domain containing 1| |
| SPI1 | Spi-1 proto-oncogene|This gene encodes an ETS-domain transcription factor that activates gene expression during myeloid and B-lymphoid cell development. The nuclear protein binds to a purine-rich sequence known as the PU-box found near the promoters of target genes, and regulates their expression in coordination with other transcription factors and cofactors. The protein can also regulate alternative splicing of target genes. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AIP | aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein|The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for aryl hydrocarbons and a ligand-activated transcription factor. The encoded protein is found in the cytoplasm as part of a multiprotein complex, but upon binding of ligand is transported to the nucleus. This protein can regulate the expression of many xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Also, the encoded protein can bind specifically to and inhibit the activity of hepatitis B virus. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| SKIDA1 | SKI/DACH domain containing 1| |
| S100Z | S100 calcium binding protein Z|Members of the S100 protein family contain 2 calcium-binding EF-hands and exhibit cell-type specific expression patterns. For additional background information on S100 proteins, see MIM 114085.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| UNC5CL | unc-5 homolog C (C. elegans)-like| |
| C9orf163 | chromosome 9 open reading frame 163| |
| CCDC74B | coiled-coil domain containing 74B| |
| LNP1 | leukemia NUP98 fusion partner 1| |
| EGLN3 | egl-9 family hypoxia-inducible factor 3| |
| PLA2G15 | phospholipase A2, group XV|Lysophospholipases are enzymes that act on biological membranes to regulate the multifunctional lysophospholipids. The protein encoded by this gene hydrolyzes lysophosphatidylcholine to glycerophosphorylcholine and a free fatty acid. This enzyme is present in the plasma and thought to be associated with high-density lipoprotein. A later paper contradicts the function of this gene. It demonstrates that this gene encodes a lysosomal enzyme instead of a lysophospholipase and has both calcium-independent phospholipase A2 and transacylase activities. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C17orf82 | chromosome 17 open reading frame 82| |
| C17orf80 | chromosome 17 open reading frame 80| |
| PLA2G16 | phospholipase A2, group XVI| |
| C17orf85 | chromosome 17 open reading frame 85| |
| SPIB | Spi-B transcription factor (Spi-1/PU.1 related)|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional activator that binds to the PU-box (5'-GAGGAA-3') and acts as a lymphoid-specific enhancer. Four transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| SPIC | Spi-C transcription factor (Spi-1/PU.1 related)| |
| TNKS1BP1 | tankyrase 1 binding protein 1, 182kDa| |
| HIBCH | 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase|This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for hydrolysis of both HIBYL-CoA and beta-hydroxypropionyl-CoA. Mutations in this gene have been associated with 3-hyroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase deficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| PLA2G10 | phospholipase A2, group X| |
| PCLO | piccolo presynaptic cytomatrix protein|The protein encoded by this gene is part of the presynaptic cytoskeletal matrix, which is involved in establishing active synaptic zones and in synaptic vesicle trafficking. Variations in this gene have been associated with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| C6orf118 | chromosome 6 open reading frame 118| |
| ARID5B | AT rich interactive domain 5B (MRF1-like)|This gene encodes a member of the AT-rich interaction domain (ARID) family of DNA binding proteins. The encoded protein forms a histone H3K9Me2 demethylase complex with PHD finger protein 2 and regulates the transcription of target genes involved in adipogenesis and liver development. This gene also plays a role in cell growth and differentiation of B-lymphocyte progenitors, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene are associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| ARID5A | AT rich interactive domain 5A (MRF1-like)|Members of the ARID protein family, including ARID5A, have diverse functions but all appear to play important roles in development, tissue-specific gene expression, and regulation of cell growth (Patsialou et al., 2005 [PubMed 15640446]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MAP2K2 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a dual specificity protein kinase that belongs to the MAP kinase kinase family. This kinase is known to play a critical role in mitogen growth factor signal transduction. It phosphorylates and thus activates MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK2/ERK3. The activation of this kinase itself is dependent on the Ser/Thr phosphorylation by MAP kinase kinase kinases. Mutations in this gene cause cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC syndrome), a disease characterized by heart defects, mental retardation, and distinctive facial features similar to those found in Noonan syndrome. The inhibition or degradation of this kinase is also found to be involved in the pathogenesis of Yersinia and anthrax. A pseudogene, which is located on chromosome 7, has been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ELMO2 | engulfment and cell motility 2|The protein encoded by this gene interacts with the dedicator of cyto-kinesis 1 protein. Similarity to a C. elegans protein suggests that this protein may function in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and in cell migration. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ITGAD | integrin, alpha D| |
| MAP2K1 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein kinase family, which acts as a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase. MAP kinases, also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals. This protein kinase lies upstream of MAP kinases and stimulates the enzymatic activity of MAP kinases upon wide variety of extra- and intracellular signals. As an essential component of MAP kinase signal transduction pathway, this kinase is involved in many cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TP73 | tumor protein p73|This gene encodes a member of the p53 family of transcription factors involved in cellular responses to stress and development. It maps to a region on chromosome 1p36 that is frequently deleted in neuroblastoma and other tumors, and thought to contain multiple tumor suppressor genes. The demonstration that this gene is monoallelically expressed (likely from the maternal allele), supports the notion that it is a candidate gene for neuroblastoma. Many transcript variants resulting from alternative splicing and/or use of alternate promoters have been found for this gene, but the biological validity and the full-length nature of some variants have not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| ABT1 | activator of basal transcription 1|Basal transcription of genes by RNA polymerase II requires the interaction of TATA-binding protein (TBP) with the core region of class II promoters. Studies in mouse suggest that the protein encoded by this gene likely activates basal transcription from class II promoters by interaction with TBP and the class II promoter DNA. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ICAM3 | intercellular adhesion molecule 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) family. All ICAM proteins are type I transmembrane glycoproteins, contain 2-9 immunoglobulin-like C2-type domains, and bind to the leukocyte adhesion LFA-1 protein. This protein is constitutively and abundantly expressed by all leucocytes and may be the most important ligand for LFA-1 in the initiation of the immune response. It functions not only as an adhesion molecule, but also as a potent signalling molecule. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GLS2 | glutaminase 2 (liver, mitochondrial)|The protein encoded by this gene is a mitochondrial phosphate-activated glutaminase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutamine to stoichiometric amounts of glutamate and ammonia. Originally thought to be liver-specific, this protein has been found in other tissues as well. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| SLC38A5 | solute carrier family 38, member 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a system N sodium-coupled amino acid transporter. The encoded protein transports glutamine, asparagine, histidine, serine, alanine, and glycine across the cell membrane, but does not transport charged amino acids, imino acids, or N-alkylated amino acids. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| LAPTM4A | lysosomal protein transmembrane 4 alpha|This gene encodes a protein that has four predicted transmembrane domains. The function of this gene has not yet been determined; however, studies in the mouse homolog suggest a role in the transport of small molecules across endosomal and lysosomal membranes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPCS1 | signal peptidase complex subunit 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| SPCS2 | signal peptidase complex subunit 2 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| LAPTM4B | lysosomal protein transmembrane 4 beta| |
| ANKH | ANKH inorganic pyrophosphate transport regulator|This gene encodes a multipass transmembrane protein that is expressed in joints and other tissues and controls pyrophosphate levels in cultured cells. Progressive ankylosis-mediated control of pyrophosphate levels has been suggested as a possible mechanism regulating tissue calcification and susceptibility to arthritis in higher animals. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal dominant craniometaphyseal dysplasia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RASGRP2 | RAS guanyl releasing protein 2 (calcium and DAG-regulated)|The protein encoded by this gene is a brain-enriched nucleotide exchanged factor that contains an N-terminal GEF domain, 2 tandem repeats of EF-hand calcium-binding motifs, and a C-terminal diacylglycerol/phorbol ester-binding domain. This protein can activate small GTPases, including RAS and RAP1/RAS3. The nucleotide exchange activity of this protein can be stimulated by calcium and diacylglycerol. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ALG1L2 | ALG1, chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol beta-mannosyltransferase-like 2| |
| EGFR | epidermal growth factor receptor|The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is a member of the protein kinase superfamily. This protein is a receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family. EGFR is a cell surface protein that binds to epidermal growth factor. Binding of the protein to a ligand induces receptor dimerization and tyrosine autophosphorylation and leads to cell proliferation. Mutations in this gene are associated with lung cancer. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| DHFRL1 | dihydrofolate reductase-like 1| |
| RCVRN | recoverin|This gene encodes a member of the recoverin family of neuronal calcium sensors. The encoded protein contains three calcium-binding EF-hand domains and may prolong the termination of the phototransduction cascade in the retina by blocking the phosphorylation of photo-activated rhodopsin. Recoverin may be the antigen responsible for cancer-associated retinopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NLRC4 | NLR family, CARD domain containing 4|This gene encodes a member of the caspase recruitment domain-containing NLR family. Family members play essential roles in innate immune response to a wide range of pathogenic organisms, tissue damage and other cellular stresses. Mutations in this gene result in autoinflammation with infantile enterocolitis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| NPR3 | natriuretic peptide receptor 3|This gene encodes one of three natriuretic peptide receptors. Natriutetic peptides are small peptides which regulate blood volume and pressure, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiac function as well as some metabolic and growth processes. The product of this gene encodes a natriuretic peptide receptor responsible for clearing circulating and extracellular natriuretic peptides through endocytosis of the receptor. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| SPATA31E1 | SPATA31 subfamily E, member 1| |
| WDR81 | WD repeat domain 81|This gene encodes a multi-domain transmembrane protein, which is predominantly expressed in the brain. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation, and dysequilibrium syndrome-2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| WDR82 | WD repeat domain 82|TMEM113 (WDR82) is a component of the mammalian SET1A (MIM 611052)/SET1B (MIM 611055) histone H3-Lys4 methyltransferase complexes (Lee and Skalnik, 2005 [PubMed 16253997]; Lee et al., 2007 [PubMed 17355966]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2010] |
| NLRC5 | NLR family, CARD domain containing 5|This gene encodes a member of the caspase recruitment domain-containing NLR family. This gene plays a role in cytokine response and antiviral immunity through its inhibition of NF-kappa-B activation and negative regulation of type I interferon signaling pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| SLC38A1 | solute carrier family 38, member 1|Amino acid transporters play essential roles in the uptake of nutrients, production of energy, chemical metabolism, detoxification, and neurotransmitter cycling. SLC38A1 is an important transporter of glutamine, an intermediate in the detoxification of ammonia and the production of urea. Glutamine serves as a precursor for the synaptic transmitter, glutamate (Gu et al., 2001 [PubMed 11325958]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| WDR88 | WD repeat domain 88| |
| WDR89 | WD repeat domain 89| |
| AARS2 | alanyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases play critical roles in mRNA translation by charging tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. The encoded protein is a mitochondrial enzyme that specifically aminoacylates alanyl-tRNA. Mutations in this gene are a cause of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 8. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| NPTX2 | neuronal pentraxin II|This gene encodes a member of the family of neuronal petraxins, synaptic proteins that are related to C-reactive protein. This protein is involved in excitatory synapse formation. It also plays a role in clustering of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors at established synapses, resulting in non-apoptotic cell death of dopaminergic nerve cells. Up-regulation of this gene in Parkinson disease (PD) tissues suggests that the protein may be involved in the pathology of PD. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| SIM2 | single-minded family bHLH transcription factor 2|This gene represents a homolog of the Drosophila single-minded (sim) gene, which encodes a transcription factor that is a master regulator of neurogenesis. The encoded protein is ubiquitinated by RING-IBR-RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases, including the parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase. This gene maps within the so-called Down syndrome chromosomal region, and is thus thought to contribute to some specific Down syndrome phenotypes. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| SIM1 | single-minded family bHLH transcription factor 1|SIM1 and SIM2 genes are Drosophila single-minded (sim) gene homologs. SIM1 transcript was detected only in fetal kidney out of various adult and fetal tissues tested. Since the sim gene plays an important role in Drosophila development and has peak levels of expression during the period of neurogenesis,it was proposed that the human SIM gene is a candidate for involvement in certain dysmorphic features (particularly the facial and skull characteristics), abnormalities of brain development, and/or mental retardation of Down syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAP9 | microtubule-associated protein 9|ASAP is a microtubule-associated protein required for spindle function, mitotic progression, and cytokinesis (Saffin et al., 2005 [PubMed 16049101]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SLC38A3 | solute carrier family 38, member 3| |
| CDX1 | caudal type homeobox 1|This gene is a member of the caudal-related homeobox transcription factor gene family. The encoded DNA-binding protein regulates intestine-specific gene expression and enterocyte differentiation. It has been shown to induce expression of the intestinal alkaline phosphatase gene, and inhibit beta-catenin/T-cell factor transcriptional activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AARSD1 | alanyl-tRNA synthetase domain containing 1| |
| UHMK1 | U2AF homology motif (UHM) kinase 1|The gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that promotes cell cycle progression through G1 by phosphorylation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27Kip1), which causes nuclear export and degradation. The encoded protein is also thought to function in the adult nervous system and the gene has been associated with schizophrenia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| IMPDH2 | IMP (inosine 5'-monophosphate) dehydrogenase 2|This gene encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo guanine nucleotide biosynthesis. It is thus involved in maintaining cellular guanine deoxy- and ribonucleotide pools needed for DNA and RNA synthesis. The encoded protein catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of inosine-5'-monophosphate into xanthine-5'-monophosphate, which is then converted into guanosine-5'-monophosphate. This gene is up-regulated in some neoplasms, suggesting it may play a role in malignant transformation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ESYT3 | extended synaptotagmin-like protein 3| |
| CXCR3 | chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3|This gene encodes a G protein-coupled receptor with selectivity for three chemokines, termed CXCL9/Mig (monokine induced by interferon-g), CXCL10/IP10 (interferon-g-inducible 10 kDa protein) and CXCL11/I-TAC (interferon-inducible T cell a-chemoattractant). Binding of chemokines to this protein induces cellular responses that are involved in leukocyte traffic, most notably integrin activation, cytoskeletal changes and chemotactic migration. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. One of the isoforms (CXCR3-B) shows high affinity binding to chemokine, CXCL4/PF4 (PMID:12782716). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| CXCR2 | chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor family. This protein is a receptor for interleukin 8 (IL8). It binds to IL8 with high affinity, and transduces the signal through a G-protein activated second messenger system. This receptor also binds to chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1/MGSA), a protein with melanoma growth stimulating activity, and has been shown to be a major component required for serum-dependent melanoma cell growth. This receptor mediates neutrophil migration to sites of inflammation. The angiogenic effects of IL8 in intestinal microvascular endothelial cells are found to be mediated by this receptor. Knockout studies in mice suggested that this receptor controls the positioning of oligodendrocyte precursors in developing spinal cord by arresting their migration. This gene, IL8RA, a gene encoding another high affinity IL8 receptor, as well as IL8RBP, a pseudogene of IL8RB, form a gene cluster in a region mapped to chromosome 2q33-q36. Alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| CXCR1 | chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor family. This protein is a receptor for interleukin 8 (IL8). It binds to IL8 with high affinity, and transduces the signal through a G-protein activated second messenger system. Knockout studies in mice suggested that this protein inhibits embryonic oligodendrocyte precursor migration in developing spinal cord. This gene, IL8RB, a gene encoding another high affinity IL8 receptor, as well as IL8RBP, a pseudogene of IL8RB, form a gene cluster in a region mapped to chromosome 2q33-q36. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CXCR6 | chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 6| |
| CXCR5 | chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 5|This gene encodes a multi-pass membrane protein that belongs to the CXC chemokine receptor family. It is expressed in mature B-cells and Burkitt's lymphoma. This cytokine receptor binds to B-lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC), and is involved in B-cell migration into B-cell follicles of spleen and Peyer patches. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| CXCR4 | chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4|This gene encodes a CXC chemokine receptor specific for stromal cell-derived factor-1. The protein has 7 transmembrane regions and is located on the cell surface. It acts with the CD4 protein to support HIV entry into cells and is also highly expressed in breast cancer cells. Mutations in this gene have been associated with WHIM (warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis) syndrome. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| JAG2 | jagged 2|The Notch signaling pathway is an intercellular signaling mechanism that is essential for proper embryonic development. Members of the Notch gene family encode transmembrane receptors that are critical for various cell fate decisions. The protein encoded by this gene is one of several ligands that activate Notch and related receptors. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| S100B | S100 calcium binding protein B|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21; however, this gene is located at 21q22.3. This protein may function in Neurite extension, proliferation of melanoma cells, stimulation of Ca2+ fluxes, inhibition of PKC-mediated phosphorylation, astrocytosis and axonal proliferation, and inhibition of microtubule assembly. Chromosomal rearrangements and altered expression of this gene have been implicated in several neurological, neoplastic, and other types of diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, melanoma, and type I diabetes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AJUBA | ajuba LIM protein| |
| CLRN3 | clarin 3| |
| FOLH1 | folate hydrolase (prostate-specific membrane antigen) 1|This gene encodes a type II transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the M28 peptidase family. The protein acts as a glutamate carboxypeptidase on different alternative substrates, including the nutrient folate and the neuropeptide N-acetyl-l-aspartyl-l-glutamate and is expressed in a number of tissues such as prostate, central and peripheral nervous system and kidney. A mutation in this gene may be associated with impaired intestinal absorption of dietary folates, resulting in low blood folate levels and consequent hyperhomocysteinemia. Expression of this protein in the brain may be involved in a number of pathological conditions associated with glutamate excitotoxicity. In the prostate the protein is up-regulated in cancerous cells and is used as an effective diagnostic and prognostic indicator of prostate cancer. This gene likely arose from a duplication event of a nearby chromosomal region. Alternative splicing gives rise to multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| MYF6 | myogenic factor 6 (herculin)|The protein encoded by this gene is a probable basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA binding protein involved in muscle differentiation. The encoded protein likely acts as a heterodimer with another bHLH protein. Defects in this gene are a cause of autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy (ADCNM). [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| APPBP2 | amyloid beta precursor protein (cytoplasmic tail) binding protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene interacts with microtubules and is functionally associated with beta-amyloid precursor protein transport and/or processing. The beta-amyloid precursor protein is a cell surface protein with signal-transducing properties, and it is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The encoded protein may be involved in regulating cell death. This gene has been found to be highly expressed in breast cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| MINK1 | misshapen-like kinase 1|This gene encodes a serine/threonine kinase belonging to the germinal center kinase (GCK) family. The protein is structurally similar to the kinases that are related to NIK and may belong to a distinct subfamily of NIK-related kinases within the GCK family. Studies of the mouse homolog indicate an up-regulation of expression in the course of postnatal mouse cerebral development and activation of the cJun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the p38 pathways. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and four transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TFF1 | trefoil factor 1|Members of the trefoil family are characterized by having at least one copy of the trefoil motif, a 40-amino acid domain that contains three conserved disulfides. They are stable secretory proteins expressed in gastrointestinal mucosa. Their functions are not defined, but they may protect the mucosa from insults, stabilize the mucus layer, and affect healing of the epithelium. This gene, which is expressed in the gastric mucosa, has also been studied because of its expression in human tumors. This gene and two other related trefoil family member genes are found in a cluster on chromosome 21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| QRICH2 | glutamine rich 2| |
| QRICH1 | glutamine-rich 1| |
| E4F1 | E4F transcription factor 1|The zinc finger protein encoded by this gene is one of several cellular transcription factors whose DNA-binding activities are regulated through the action of adenovirus E1A. A 50-kDa amino-terminal product is generated from the full-length protein through proteolytic cleavage. The protein is differentially regulated by E1A-induced phosphorylation. The full-length gene product represses transcription from the E4 promoter in the absence of E1A, while the 50-kDa form acts as a transcriptional activator in its presence. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcripts encoding different proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| CRYBB3 | crystallin, beta B3|Crystallins are separated into two classes: taxon-specific, or enzyme, and ubiquitous. The latter class constitutes the major proteins of vertebrate eye lens and maintains the transparency and refractive index of the lens. Since lens central fiber cells lose their nuclei during development, these crystallins are made and then retained throughout life, making them extremely stable proteins. Mammalian lens crystallins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma families; beta and gamma crystallins are also considered as a superfamily. Alpha and beta families are further divided into acidic and basic groups. Seven protein regions exist in crystallins: four homologous motifs, a connecting peptide, and N- and C-terminal extensions. Beta-crystallins, the most heterogeneous, differ by the presence of the C-terminal extension (present in the basic group, none in the acidic group). Beta-crystallins form aggregates of different sizes and are able to self-associate to form dimers or to form heterodimers with other beta-crystallins. This gene, a beta basic group member, is part of a gene cluster with beta-A4, beta-B1, and beta-B2. Mutations in this gene result in cataract congenital nuclear autosomal recessive type 2. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013] |
| CRYBB1 | crystallin, beta B1|Crystallins are separated into two classes: taxon-specific, or enzyme, and ubiquitous. The latter class constitutes the major proteins of vertebrate eye lens and maintains the transparency and refractive index of the lens. Since lens central fiber cells lose their nuclei during development, these crystallins are made and then retained throughout life, making them extremely stable proteins. Mammalian lens crystallins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma families; beta and gamma crystallins are also considered as a superfamily. Alpha and beta families are further divided into acidic and basic groups. Seven protein regions exist in crystallins: four homologous motifs, a connecting peptide, and N- and C-terminal extensions. Beta-crystallins, the most heterogeneous, differ by the presence of the C-terminal extension (present in the basic group, none in the acidic group). Beta-crystallins form aggregates of different sizes and are able to self-associate to form dimers or to form heterodimers with other beta-crystallins. This gene, a beta basic group member, undergoes extensive cleavage at its N-terminal extension during lens maturation. It is also a member of a gene cluster with beta-A4, beta-B2, and beta-B3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARSD | arylsulfatase D|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the sulfatase family. Sulfatases are essential for the correct composition of bone and cartilage matrix. The encoded protein is postranslationally glycosylated and localized to the lysosome. This gene is located within a cluster of similar arylsulfatase genes on chromosome X. A related pseudogene has been identified in the pseudoautosomal region of chromosome Y. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| EXOC2 | exocyst complex component 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the exocyst complex, a multi-protein complex essential for the polarized targeting of exocytic vesicles to specific docking sites on the plasma membrane. Though best characterized in yeast, the component proteins and the functions of the exocyst complex have been demonstrated to be highly conserved in higher eukaryotes. At least eight components of the exocyst complex, including this protein, are found to interact with the actin cytoskeletal remodeling and vesicle transport machinery. This interaction has been shown to mediate filopodia formation in fibroblasts. This protein has been shown to interact with the Ral subfamily of GTPases and thereby mediate exocytosis by tethering vesicles to the plasma membrane. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| EXOC3 | exocyst complex component 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the exocyst complex, a multiple protein complex essential for targeting exocytic vesicles to specific docking sites on the plasma membrane. Though best characterized in yeast, the component proteins and functions of exocyst complex have been demonstrated to be highly conserved in higher eukaryotes. At least eight components of the exocyst complex, including this protein, are found to interact with the actin cytoskeletal remodeling and vesicle transport machinery. The complex is also essential for the biogenesis of epithelial cell surface polarity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EXOC1 | exocyst complex component 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the exocyst complex, a multiple protein complex essential for targeting exocytic vesicles to specific docking sites on the plasma membrane. Though best characterized in yeast, the component proteins and functions of the exocyst complex have been demonstrated to be highly conserved in higher eukaryotes. At least eight components of the exocyst complex, including this protein, are found to interact with the actin cytoskeletal remodeling and vesicle transport machinery. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BNC1 | basonuclin 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger protein present in the basal cell layer of the epidermis and in hair follicles. It is also found in abundance in the germ cells of testis and ovary. This protein is thought to play a regulatory role in keratinocyte proliferation and it may also be a regulator for rRNA transcription. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants, and multiple polyadenylation sites are indicated.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| EXOC7 | exocyst complex component 7|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the exocyst complex. The exocyst complex plays a critical role in vesicular trafficking and the secretory pathway by targeting post-Golgi vesicles to the plasma membrane. The encoded protein is required for assembly of the exocyst complex and docking of the complex to the plasma membrane. The encoded protein may also play a role in pre-mRNA splicing through interactions with pre-mRNA-processing factor 19. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 4. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| EXOC4 | exocyst complex component 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the exocyst complex, a multiple protein complex essential for targeting exocytic vesicles to specific docking sites on the plasma membrane. Though best characterized in yeast, the component proteins and functions of exocyst complex have been demonstrated to be highly conserved in higher eukaryotes. At least eight components of the exocyst complex, including this protein, are found to interact with the actin cytoskeletal remodeling and vesicle transport machinery. The complex is also essential for the biogenesis of epithelial cell surface polarity. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BNC2 | basonuclin 2| |
| EXOC8 | exocyst complex component 8| |
| MAPKBP1 | mitogen-activated protein kinase binding protein 1| |
| ANK1 | ankyrin 1, erythrocytic|Ankyrins are a family of proteins that link the integral membrane proteins to the underlying spectrin-actin cytoskeleton and play key roles in activities such as cell motility, activation, proliferation, contact and the maintenance of specialized membrane domains. Multiple isoforms of ankyrin with different affinities for various target proteins are expressed in a tissue-specific, developmentally regulated manner. Most ankyrins are typically composed of three structural domains: an amino-terminal domain containing multiple ankyrin repeats; a central region with a highly conserved spectrin binding domain; and a carboxy-terminal regulatory domain which is the least conserved and subject to variation. Ankyrin 1, the prototype of this family, was first discovered in the erythrocytes, but since has also been found in brain and muscles. Mutations in erythrocytic ankyrin 1 have been associated in approximately half of all patients with hereditary spherocytosis. Complex patterns of alternative splicing in the regulatory domain, giving rise to different isoforms of ankyrin 1 have been described. Truncated muscle-specific isoforms of ankyrin 1 resulting from usage of an alternate promoter have also been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| ANK2 | ankyrin 2, neuronal|This gene encodes a member of the ankyrin family of proteins that link the integral membrane proteins to the underlying spectrin-actin cytoskeleton. Ankyrins play key roles in activities such as cell motility, activation, proliferation, contact and the maintenance of specialized membrane domains. Most ankyrins are typically composed of three structural domains: an amino-terminal domain containing multiple ankyrin repeats; a central region with a highly conserved spectrin binding domain; and a carboxy-terminal regulatory domain which is the least conserved and subject to variation. The protein encoded by this gene is required for targeting and stability of Na/Ca exchanger 1 in cardiomyocytes. Mutations in this gene cause long QT syndrome 4 and cardiac arrhythmia syndrome. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| STK3 | serine/threonine kinase 3|This gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase activated by proapoptotic molecules indicating the encoded protein functions as a growth suppressor. Cleavage of the protein product by caspase removes the inhibitory C-terminal portion. The N-terminal portion is transported to the nucleus where it homodimerizes to form the active kinase which promotes the condensation of chromatin during apoptosis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| CHRNG | cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, gamma (muscle)|The mammalian muscle-type acetylcholine receptor is a transmembrane pentameric glycoprotein with two alpha subunits, one beta, one delta, and one epsilon (in adult skeletal muscle) or gamma (in fetal and denervated muscle) subunit. This gene, which encodes the gamma subunit, is expressed prior to the thirty-third week of gestation in humans. The gamma subunit of the acetylcholine receptor plays a role in neuromuscular organogenesis and ligand binding and disruption of gamma subunit expression prevents the correct localization of the receptor in cell membranes. Mutations in this gene cause Escobar syndrome and a lethal form of multiple pterygium syndrome. Muscle-type acetylcholine receptor is the major antigen in the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| CHRND | cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, delta (muscle)|The acetylcholine receptor of muscle has 5 subunits of 4 different types: 2 alpha and 1 each of beta, gamma and delta subunits. After acetylcholine binding, the receptor undergoes an extensive conformation change that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane. Defects in this gene are a cause of multiple pterygium syndrome lethal type (MUPSL), congenital myasthenic syndrome slow-channel type (SCCMS), and congenital myasthenic syndrome fast-channel type (FCCMS). Several transcript variants, some protein-coding and some not, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| MGAT4B | mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, isozyme B|This gene encodes a key glycosyltransferase that regulates the formation of tri- and multiantennary branching structures in the Golgi apparatus. The encoded protein, in addition to the related isoenzyme A, catalyzes the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from UDP-GlcNAc in a beta-1,4 linkage to the Man-alpha-1,3-Man-beta-1,4-GlcNAc arm of R-Man-alpha-1,6(GlcNAc-beta-1,2-Man-alpha-1,3)Man-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1-Asn. The encoded protein may play a role in regulating the availability of serum glycoproteins, oncogenesis, and differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IFI44 | interferon-induced protein 44| |
| BZW1 | basic leucine zipper and W2 domains 1| |
| C9orf91 | chromosome 9 open reading frame 91| |
| BZW2 | basic leucine zipper and W2 domains 2| |
| RAD17 | RAD17 homolog (S. pombe)|The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to the gene product of Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad17, a cell cycle checkpoint gene required for cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair in response to DNA damage. This protein shares strong similarity with DNA replication factor C (RFC), and can form a complex with RFCs. This protein binds to chromatin prior to DNA damage and is phosphorylated by the checkpoint kinase ATR following damage. This protein recruits the RAD1-RAD9-HUS1 checkpoint protein complex onto chromatin after DNA damage, which may be required for its phosphorylation. The phosphorylation of this protein is required for the DNA-damage-induced cell cycle G2 arrest, and is thought to be a critical early event during checkpoint signaling in DNA-damaged cells. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene, which encode four distinct protein isoforms, have been reported. Two pseudogenes, located on chromosomes 7 and 13, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| CRAMP1L | Crm, cramped-like (Drosophila)| |
| EVA1A | eva-1 homolog A (C. elegans)| |
| EVA1C | eva-1 homolog C (C. elegans)| |
| LINS | lines homolog (Drosophila)|The Drosophila segment polarity gene lin encodes a protein, lines, which plays important roles in development of the epidermis and hindgut. This gene encodes a protein containing a lines-like domain. This gene is located on chromosome 15 and clustered with the gene encoding ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing protein 7. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| C5AR2 | complement component 5a receptor 2|This gene encodes a G-protein coupled receptor 1 family member involved in the complement system of the innate immune response. Unlike classical G-protein coupled receptors, the encoded protein does not associate with intracellular G-proteins. It may instead modulate signal transduction through the beta-arrestin pathway, and may alternatively act as a decoy receptor. This gene may be involved in coronary artery disease and in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| C5AR1 | complement component 5a receptor 1| |
| ANKRD11 | ankyrin repeat domain 11|This locus encodes an ankryin repeat domain-containing protein. The encoded protein inhibits ligand-dependent activation of transcription. Mutations in this gene have been associated with KBG syndrome, which is characterized by macrodontia, distinctive craniofacial features, short stature, skeletal anomalies, global developmental delay, seizures and intellectual disability. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. Related pseudogenes exist on chromosomes 2 and X. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| TNRC6B | trinucleotide repeat containing 6B| |
| TNRC6A | trinucleotide repeat containing 6A|This gene encodes a member of the trinucleotide repeat containing 6 protein family. The protein functions in post-transcriptional gene silencing through the RNA interference (RNAi) and microRNA pathways. The protein associates with messenger RNAs and Argonaute proteins in cytoplasmic bodies known as GW-bodies or P-bodies. Inhibiting expression of this gene delocalizes other GW-body proteins and impairs RNAi and microRNA-induced gene silencing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CXCL10 | chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10|This antimicrobial gene encodes a chemokine of the CXC subfamily and ligand for the receptor CXCR3. Binding of this protein to CXCR3 results in pleiotropic effects, including stimulation of monocytes, natural killer and T-cell migration, and modulation of adhesion molecule expression. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| USP26 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 26|This gene encodes a member of the ubiquitin-specific processing (UBP) family of proteases and is a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) with His and Cys domains. It is specifically expressed in testis tissue. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Sertoli cell-only syndrome and male infertility. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| USP25 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 25|Ubiquitin (MIM 191339) is a highly conserved 76-amino acid protein involved in regulation of intracellular protein breakdown, cell cycle regulation, and stress response. Ubiquitin is released from degraded proteins by disassembly of the polyubiquitin chains, which is mediated by ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs), such as USP25 (Valero et al., 1999 [PubMed 10644437]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| USP24 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 24|Modification of cellular proteins by ubiquitin is an essential regulatory mechanism controlled by the coordinated action of multiple ubiquitin-conjugating and deubiquitinating enzymes. USP24 belongs to a large family of cysteine proteases that function as deubiquitinating enzymes (Quesada et al., 2004 [PubMed 14715245]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| DEPDC1B | DEP domain containing 1B| |
| USP21 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 21|This gene encodes a member of the C19 peptidase family, also known as family 2 of ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolases. The encoded protein cleaves ubiquitin from ubiquitinated proteins for recycling in intracellular protein degradation. The encoded protein is also able to release NEDD8, a ubiquitin-like protein, from NEDD8-conjugated proteins. This gene has been referred to as USP16 and USP23 but is now known as USP21. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| USP20 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 20|This gene encodes a ubiquitin specific processing protease that was first identified as a substrate of the VHL (von Hippel-Lindau disease) protein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. In addition to being ubiquitinated by the VHL-E3 ligase complex, this enzyme deubiquitinates hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 alpha and thereby causes increased expression of HIF-1alpha targeted genes which play a role in angiogenesis, glucose metabolism, cell proliferation and metastasis. The enzyme encoded by this gene also regulates G-protein coupled receptor signaling by mediating the deubiquitination of beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2). This enzyme is a ubiquitously expressed thiolester hydrolase. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| ADAMTS5 | ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 5|This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The enzyme encoded by this gene contains two C-terminal TS motifs and functions as aggrecanase to cleave aggrecan, a major proteoglycan of cartilage. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADAMTS4 | ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 4|This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The enzyme encoded by this gene lacks a C-terminal TS motif. It is responsible for the degradation of aggrecan, a major proteoglycan of cartilage, and brevican, a brain-specific extracellular matrix protein. The cleavage of aggrecan and brevican suggests key roles of this enzyme in arthritic disease and in the central nervous system, potentially, in the progression of glioma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADAMTS7 | ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 7|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) family. Members of this family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The protein encoded by this gene contains two C-terminal TS motifs. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADAMTS6 | ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 6|This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADAMTS1 | ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 1|This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The protein encoded by this gene contains two disintegrin loops and three C-terminal TS motifs and has anti-angiogenic activity. The expression of this gene may be associated with various inflammatory processes as well as development of cancer cachexia. This gene is likely to be necessary for normal growth, fertility, and organ morphology and function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADAMTS3 | ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 3|This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The protein encoded by this gene is the major procollagen II N-propeptidase. A deficiency of this protein may be responsible for dermatosparaxis, a genetic defect of connective tissues. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARHGEF9 | Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 9|The protein encoded by this gene is a Rho-like GTPase that switches between the active (GTP-bound) state and inactive (GDP-bound) state to regulate CDC42 and other genes. Defects in this gene are a cause of startle disease with epilepsy (STHEE), also known as hyperekplexia with epilepsy. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| ARHGEF6 | Rac/Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 6|Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes that are initiated by extracellular stimuli that work through G protein coupled receptors. The encoded protein belongs to a family of cytoplasmic proteins that activate the Ras-like family of Rho proteins by exchanging bound GDP for GTP. It may form a complex with G proteins and stimulate Rho-dependent signals. This protein is activated by PI3-kinase. Mutations in this gene can cause X-chromosomal non-specific mental retardation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARHGEF7 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 7|Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes triggered by extracellular stimuli that work through G protein coupled receptors. The encoded protein belongs to a family of cytoplasmic proteins that activate the Ras-like family of Rho proteins by exchanging bound GDP for GTP. It forms a complex with the small GTP binding protein Rac1 and recruits Rac1 to membrane ruffles and to focal adhesions. This protein can induce membrane ruffling. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARHGEF4 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 4|Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes that are initiated by extracellular stimuli that work through G protein coupled receptors. The protein encoded by this gene may form complex with G proteins and stimulate Rho-dependent signals. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| CCSER1 | coiled-coil serine-rich protein 1| |
| ADAMTS9 | ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 9|This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. Members of the ADAMTS family have been implicated in the cleavage of proteoglycans, the control of organ shape during development, and the inhibition of angiogenesis. This gene is localized to chromosome 3p14.3-p14.2, an area known to be lost in hereditary renal tumors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARHGEF3 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 3|Rho-like GTPases are involved in a variety of cellular processes, and they are activated by binding GTP and inactivated by conversion of GTP to GDP by their intrinsic GTPase activity. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) accelerate the GTPase activity of Rho GTPases by catalyzing their release of bound GDP. This gene encodes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, which specifically activates two members of the Rho GTPase family: RHOA and RHOB, both of which have a role in bone cell biology. It has been identified that genetic variation in this gene plays a role in the determination of bone mineral density (BMD), indicating the implication of this gene in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COTL1 | coactosin-like F-actin binding protein 1|This gene encodes one of the numerous actin-binding proteins which regulate the actin cytoskeleton. This protein binds F-actin, and also interacts with 5-lipoxygenase, which is the first committed enzyme in leukotriene biosynthesis. Although this gene has been reported to map to chromosome 17 in the Smith-Magenis syndrome region, the best alignments for this gene are to chromosome 16. The Smith-Magenis syndrome region is the site of two related pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARHGEF1 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 1|Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes that are initiated by extracellular stimuli that work through G protein coupled receptors. The encoded protein may form complex with G proteins and stimulate Rho-dependent signals. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been defined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDH9 | cadherin 9, type 2 (T1-cadherin)|This gene encodes a type II classical cadherin from the cadherin superfamily, integral membrane proteins that mediate calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion. Mature cadherin proteins are composed of a large N-terminal extracellular domain, a single membrane-spanning domain, and a small, highly conserved C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. The extracellular domain consists of 5 subdomains, each containing a cadherin motif, and appears to determine the specificity of the protein's homophilic cell adhesion activity. Type II (atypical) cadherins are defined based on their lack of a HAV cell adhesion recognition sequence specific to type I cadherins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDH8 | cadherin 8, type 2|This gene encodes a type II classical cadherin from the cadherin superfamily, integral membrane proteins that mediate calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion. Mature cadherin proteins are composed of a large N-terminal extracellular domain, a single membrane-spanning domain, and a small, highly conserved C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. The extracellular domain consists of 5 subdomains, each containing a cadherin motif, and appears to determine the specificity of the protein's homophilic cell adhesion activity. Type II (atypical) cadherins are defined based on their lack of a HAV cell adhesion recognition sequence specific to type I cadherins. This particular cadherin is expressed in brain and is putatively involved in synaptic adhesion, axon outgrowth and guidance. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GMCL1 | germ cell-less, spermatogenesis associated 1|This gene encodes a nuclear envelope protein that appears to be involved in spermatogenesis, either directly or by influencing genes that play a more direct role in the process. This multi-exon locus is the homolog of the mouse and drosophila germ cell-less gene but the human genome also contains a single-exon locus on chromosome 5 that contains an open reading frame capable of encoding a highly-related protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TBX2 | T-box 2|This gene is a member of a phylogenetically conserved family of genes that share a common DNA-binding domain, the T-box. T-box genes encode transcription factors involved in the regulation of developmental processes. This gene product is the human homolog of mouse Tbx2, and shares strong sequence similarity with Drosophila omb protein. Expression studies indicate that this gene may have a potential role in tumorigenesis as an immortalizing agent. Transcript heterogeneity due to alternative polyadenylation has been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDH1 | cadherin 1, type 1, E-cadherin (epithelial)|This gene is a classical cadherin from the cadherin superfamily. The encoded protein is a calcium dependent cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein comprised of five extracellular cadherin repeats, a transmembrane region and a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail. Mutations in this gene are correlated with gastric, breast, colorectal, thyroid and ovarian cancer. Loss of function is thought to contribute to progression in cancer by increasing proliferation, invasion, and/or metastasis. The ectodomain of this protein mediates bacterial adhesion to mammalian cells and the cytoplasmic domain is required for internalization. Identified transcript variants arise from mutation at consensus splice sites. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDH3 | cadherin 3, type 1, P-cadherin (placental)|This gene is a classical cadherin from the cadherin superfamily. The encoded protein is a calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein comprised of five extracellular cadherin repeats, a transmembrane region and a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail. This gene is located in a six-cadherin cluster in a region on the long arm of chromosome 16 that is involved in loss of heterozygosity events in breast and prostate cancer. In addition, aberrant expression of this protein is observed in cervical adenocarcinomas. Mutations in this gene have been associated with congential hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RP1L1 | retinitis pigmentosa 1-like 1|This gene encodes a member of the doublecortin family. The protein encoded by this gene contains two N-terminal doublecortin domains, which bind microtubules and regulate microtubule polymerization, and two C-terminal large repetitive regions, both of which contain a high percentage of glutamine and glutamic acid residues. This protein is a retinal-specific protein. Its exact length varies among individuals due to the presence of a 16aa repeat in the first C-terminal repetitive region. The 16aa repeat is encoded by the highly polymorphic 48-bp repeat, and 1-6 copies of the 16aa repeat have been identified in normal individuals. The current reference sequence shown here has a single copy of the 16aa repeat. This protein and the RP1 protein, another retinal-specific protein, play essential and synergistic roles in affecting photosensitivity and outer segment morphogenesis of rod photoreceptors. Mutations in this gene cause occult macular dystrophy (OMD). [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| CDH5 | cadherin 5, type 2 (vascular endothelium)|This gene is a classical cadherin from the cadherin superfamily and is located in a six-cadherin cluster in a region on the long arm of chromosome 16 that is involved in loss of heterozygosity events in breast and prostate cancer. The encoded protein is a calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein comprised of five extracellular cadherin repeats, a transmembrane region and a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail. Functioning as a classic cadherin by imparting to cells the ability to adhere in a homophilic manner, the protein may play an important role in endothelial cell biology through control of the cohesion and organization of the intercellular junctions. An alternative splice variant has been described but its full length sequence has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDH4 | cadherin 4, type 1, R-cadherin (retinal)|This gene is a classical cadherin from the cadherin superfamily. The encoded protein is a calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein comprised of five extracellular cadherin repeats, a transmembrane region and a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail. Based on studies in chicken and mouse, this cadherin is thought to play an important role during brain segmentation and neuronal outgrowth. In addition, a role in kidney and muscle development is indicated. Of particular interest are studies showing stable cis-heterodimers of cadherins 2 and 4 in cotransfected cell lines. Previously thought to interact in an exclusively homophilic manner, this is the first evidence of cadherin heterodimerization. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| CDH7 | cadherin 7, type 2|This gene is a type II classical cadherin from the cadherin superfamily. The encoded membrane protein is a calcium dependent cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein comprised of five extracellular cadherin repeats, a transmembrane region and a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail. Type II (atypical) cadherins are defined based on their lack of a HAV cell adhesion recognition sequence specific to type I cadherins. Cadherins mediate cell-cell binding in a homophilic manner, contributing to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types and the maintenance of orderly structures. Alternative splicing in the 5' UTR of this gene yields variant transcripts encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDH6 | cadherin 6, type 2, K-cadherin (fetal kidney)|This gene encodes a member of the cadherin superfamily. Cadherins are membrane glycoproteins that mediate homophilic cell-cell adhesion and play critical roles in cell differentiation and morphogenesis. The encoded protein is a type II cadherin and may play a role in kidney development as well as endometrium and placenta formation. Decreased expression of this gene may be associated with tumor growth and metastasis. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| CENPO | centromere protein O|This gene encodes a component of the interphase centromere complex. The encoded protein is localized to the centromere throughout the cell cycle and is required for bipolar spindle assembly, chromosome segregation and checkpoint signaling during mitosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple protein isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| CENPN | centromere protein N|The protein encoded by this gene forms part of the nucleosome-associated complex and is important for kinetochore assembly. It is bound to kinetochores during S phase and G2 and recruits other proteins to the centromere. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosome 2. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| CENPM | centromere protein M|The protein encoded by this gene is an inner protein of the kinetochore, the multi-protein complex that binds spindle microtubules to regulate chromosome segregation during cell division. It belongs to the constitutive centromere-associated network protein group, whose members interact with outer kinetochore proteins and help to maintain centromere identity at each cell division cycle. The protein is structurally related to GTPases but cannot bind guanosine triphosphate. A point mutation that affects interaction with another constitutive centromere-associated network protein, CENP-I, impairs kinetochore assembly and chromosome alignment, suggesting that it is required for kinetochore formation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| CENPL | centromere protein L|CENPL is a subunit of a CENPH (MIM 605607)-CENPI (MIM 300065)-associated centromeric complex that targets CENPA (MIM 117139) to centromeres and is required for proper kinetochore function and mitotic progression (Okada et al., 2006) [PubMed 16622420].[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CENPK | centromere protein K|CENPK is a subunit of a CENPH (MIM 605607)-CENPI (MIM 300065)-associated centromeric complex that targets CENPA (MIM 117139) to centromeres and is required for proper kinetochore function and mitotic progression (Okada et al., 2006 [PubMed 16622420]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CENPJ | centromere protein J|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the centromere protein family. During cell division, this protein plays a structural role in the maintenance of centrosome integrity and normal spindle morphology, and it is involved in microtubule disassembly at the centrosome. This protein can function as a transcriptional coactivator in the Stat5 signaling pathway, and also as a coactivator of NF-kappaB-mediated transcription, likely via its interaction with the coactivator p300/CREB-binding protein. Mutations in this gene are associated with primary autosomal recessive microcephaly, a disorder characterized by severely reduced brain size and mental retardation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| CENPI | centromere protein I|The product of this gene is involved in the response of gonadal tissues to follicle-stimulating hormone. This gene is also a potential candidate for human X-linked disorders of gonadal development and gametogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CENPH | centromere protein H|Centromere and kinetochore proteins play a critical role in centromere structure, kinetochore formation, and sister chromatid separation. The protein encoded by this gene colocalizes with inner kinetochore plate proteins CENP-A and CENP-C in both interphase and metaphase. It localizes outside of centromeric heterochromatin, where CENP-B is localized, and inside the kinetochore corona, where CENP-E is localized during prometaphase. It is thought that this protein can bind to itself, as well as to CENP-A, CENP-B or CENP-C. Multimers of the protein localize constitutively to the inner kinetochore plate and play an important role in the organization and function of the active centromere-kinetochore complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SIMC1 | SUMO-interacting motifs containing 1| |
| FOXE1 | forkhead box E1|This intronless gene belongs to the forkhead family of transcription factors, which is characterized by a distinct forkhead domain. This gene functions as a thyroid transcription factor which likely plays a crucial role in thyroid morphogenesis. Mutations in this gene are associated with congenital hypothyroidism and cleft palate with thyroid dysgenesis. The map localization of this gene suggests it may also be a candidate gene for squamous cell epithelioma and hereditary sensory neuropathy type I. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CENPE | centromere protein E, 312kDa|Centrosome-associated protein E (CENPE) is a kinesin-like motor protein that accumulates in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Unlike other centrosome-associated proteins, it is not present during interphase and first appears at the centromere region of chromosomes during prometaphase. This protein is required for stable spindle microtubule capture at kinetochores which is a necessary step in chromosome alignment during prometaphase. This protein also couples chromosome position to microtubule depolymerizing activity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| ZG16 | zymogen granule protein 16| |
| CENPB | centromere protein B, 80kDa|This gene product is a highly conserved protein that facilitates centromere formation. It is a DNA-binding protein that is derived from transposases of the pogo DNA transposon family. It contains a helix-loop-helix DNA binding motif at the N-terminus, and a dimerization domain at the C-terminus. The DNA binding domain recognizes and binds a 17-bp sequence (CENP-B box) in the centromeric alpha satellite DNA. This protein is proposed to play an important role in the assembly of specific centromere structures in interphase nuclei and on mitotic chromosomes. It is also considered a major centromere autoantigen recognized by sera from patients with anti-centromere antibodies. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CENPA | centromere protein A|Centromeres are the differentiated chromosomal domains that specify the mitotic behavior of chromosomes. CENPA encodes a centromere protein which contains a histone H3 related histone fold domain that is required for targeting to the centromere. CENPA is proposed to be a component of a modified nucleosome or nucleosome-like structure in which it replaces 1 or both copies of conventional histone H3 in the (H3-H4)2 tetrameric core of the nucleosome particle. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAMP2 | receptor (G protein-coupled) activity modifying protein 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAMP family of single-transmembrane-domain proteins, called receptor (calcitonin) activity modifying proteins (RAMPs). RAMPs are type I transmembrane proteins with an extracellular N terminus and a cytoplasmic C terminus. RAMPs are required to transport calcitonin-receptor-like receptor (CRLR) to the plasma membrane. CRLR, a receptor with seven transmembrane domains, can function as either a calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor or an adrenomedullin receptor, depending on which members of the RAMP family are expressed. In the presence of this (RAMP2) protein, CRLR functions as an adrenomedullin receptor. The RAMP2 protein is involved in core glycosylation and transportation of adrenomedullin receptor to the cell surface. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LDB2 | LIM domain binding 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the LIM-domain binding family. Members of this family are characterized by a conserved nuclear localization sequence, an amino-terminal homodimerization domain and a carboxy-terminal LIM interaction domain. These proteins function as adapter molecules to allow assembly of transcriptional regulatory complexes. Genetic association studies suggest functions for this gene in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and coronary artery disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| LDB3 | LIM domain binding 3|This gene encodes a PDZ domain-containing protein. PDZ motifs are modular protein-protein interaction domains consisting of 80-120 amino acid residues. PDZ domain-containing proteins interact with each other in cytoskeletal assembly or with other proteins involved in targeting and clustering of membrane proteins. The protein encoded by this gene interacts with alpha-actinin-2 through its N-terminal PDZ domain and with protein kinase C via its C-terminal LIM domains. The LIM domain is a cysteine-rich motif defined by 50-60 amino acids containing two zinc-binding modules. This protein also interacts with all three members of the myozenin family. Mutations in this gene have been associated with myofibrillar myopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified; all isoforms have N-terminal PDZ domains while only longer isoforms (1, 2 and 5) have C-terminal LIM domains. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| CLCF1 | cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1|This gene is a member of the glycoprotein (gp)130 cytokine family and encodes cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (CLCF1). CLCF1 forms a heterodimer complex with cytokine receptor-like factor 1 (CRLF1). This dimer competes with ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) for binding to the ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor (CNTFR) complex, and activates the Jak-STAT signaling cascade. CLCF1 can be actively secreted from cells by forming a complex with soluble type I CRLF1 or soluble CNTFR. CLCF1 is a potent neurotrophic factor, B-cell stimulatory agent and neuroendocrine modulator of pituitary corticotroph function. Defects in CLCF1 cause cold-induced sweating syndrome 2 (CISS2). This syndrome is characterized by a profuse sweating after exposure to cold as well as congenital physical abnormalities of the head and spine. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| LDB1 | LIM domain binding 1| |
| PALM | paralemmin|This gene encodes a member of the paralemmin protein family. The product of this gene is a prenylated and palmitoylated phosphoprotein that associates with the cytoplasmic face of plasma membranes and is implicated in plasma membrane dynamics in neurons and other cell types. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified, but the full-length nature of only two transcript variants has been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SSH3 | slingshot protein phosphatase 3|The ADF (actin-depolymerizing factor)/cofilin family (see MIM 601442) is composed of stimulus-responsive mediators of actin dynamics. ADF/cofilin proteins are inactivated by kinases such as LIM domain kinase-1 (LIMK1; MIM 601329). The SSH family appears to play a role in actin dynamics by reactivating ADF/cofilin proteins in vivo (Niwa et al., 2002 [PubMed 11832213]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SSH1 | slingshot protein phosphatase 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the slingshot homolog (SSH) family of phosphatases, which regulate actin filament dynamics. The SSH proteins dephosphorylate and activate the actin binding/depolymerizing factor cofilin, which subsequently binds to actin filaments and stimulates their disassembly. Cofilin is inactivated by kinases such as LIM domain kinase-1 (LIMK1), which may also be dephosphorylated and inactivated by SSH proteins. The SSH family thus appears to play a role in actin dynamics by reactivating cofilin proteins. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| CENPW | centromere protein W| |
| CENPV | centromere protein V| |
| CENPT | centromere protein T|The centromere is a specialized chromatin domain, present throughout the cell cycle, that acts as a platform on which the transient assembly of the kinetochore occurs during mitosis. All active centromeres are characterized by the presence of long arrays of nucleosomes in which CENPA (MIM 117139) replaces histone H3 (see MIM 601128). CENPT is an additional factor required for centromere assembly (Foltz et al., 2006 [PubMed 16622419]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SERPINI2 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade I (pancpin), member 2|The gene encodes a member of a family of proteins that acts as inhibitors of serine proteases. These proteins function in the regulation of a variety of physiological processes, including coagulation, fibrinolysis, development, malignancy, and inflammation. Expression of the encoded protein may be downregulated during pancreatic carcinogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| CENPQ | centromere protein Q|CENPQ is a subunit of a CENPH (MIM 605607)-CENPI (MIM 300065)-associated centromeric complex that targets CENPA (MIM 117139) to centromeres and is required for proper kinetochore function and mitotic progression (Okada et al., 2006 [PubMed 16622420]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CENPP | centromere protein P|CENPP is a subunit of a CENPH (MIM 605607)-CENPI (MIM 300065)-associated centromeric complex that targets CENPA (MIM 117139) to centromeres and is required for proper kinetochore function and mitotic progression (Okada et al., 2006 [PubMed 16622420]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PDXDC1 | pyridoxal-dependent decarboxylase domain containing 1| |
| TRPC3 | transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane protein that can form a non-selective channel permeable to calcium and other cations. The encoded protein appears to be induced to form channels by a receptor tyrosine kinase-activated phosphatidylinositol second messenger system and also by depletion of intracellular calcium stores. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| EGR3 | early growth response 3|This gene encodes a transcriptional regulator that belongs to the EGR family of C2H2-type zinc-finger proteins. It is an immediate-early growth response gene which is induced by mitogenic stimulation. The protein encoded by this gene participates in the transcriptional regulation of genes in controling biological rhythm. It may also play a role in a wide variety of processes including muscle development, lymphocyte development, endothelial cell growth and migration, and neuronal development. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| ATP5G1 | ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit C1 (subunit 9)|This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene is one of three genes that encode subunit c of the proton channel. Each of the three genes have distinct mitochondrial import sequences but encode the identical mature protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EAF1 | ELL associated factor 1| |
| PLEKHA5 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family A member 5| |
| PLEKHA6 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family A member 6| |
| PLEKHA7 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family A member 7| |
| ACY1 | aminoacylase 1|This gene encodes a cytosolic, homodimeric, zinc-binding enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of acylated L-amino acids to L-amino acids and an acyl group, and has been postulated to function in the catabolism and salvage of acylated amino acids. This gene is located on chromosome 3p21.1, a region reduced to homozygosity in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), and its expression has been reported to be reduced or undetectable in SCLC cell lines and tumors. The amino acid sequence of human aminoacylase-1 is highly homologous to the porcine counterpart, and this enzyme is the first member of a new family of zinc-binding enzymes. Mutations in this gene cause aminoacylase-1 deficiency, a metabolic disorder characterized by central nervous system defects and increased urinary excretion of N-acetylated amino acids. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the upstream ABHD14A (abhydrolase domain containing 14A) gene, as represented in GeneID:100526760. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 18. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| PLEKHA2 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family A (phosphoinositide binding specific) member 2| |
| PLEKHA3 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family A (phosphoinositide binding specific) member 3| |
| NETO1 | neuropilin (NRP) and tolloid (TLL)-like 1|This gene encodes a predicted transmembrane protein containing two extracellular CUB domains followed by a low-density lipoprotein class A (LDLa) domain. A similar gene in mice encodes a protein that plays a critical role in spatial learning and memory by regulating the function of synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor complexes in the hippocampus. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| SLC9B2 | solute carrier family 9, subfamily B (NHA2, cation proton antiporter 2), member 2|Sodium hydrogen antiporters, such as NHEDC2, convert the proton motive force established by the respiratory chain or the F1F0 mitochondrial ATPase into sodium gradients that drive other energy-requiring processes, transduce environmental signals into cell responses, or function in drug efflux (Xiang et al., 2007 [PubMed 18000046]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PLEKHA8 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family A (phosphoinositide binding specific) member 8| |
| TRPC7 | transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 7| |
| ARSB | arylsulfatase B|Arylsulfatase B encoded by this gene belongs to the sulfatase family. The arylsulfatase B homodimer hydrolyzes sulfate groups of N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine, chondriotin sulfate, and dermatan sulfate. The protein is targetted to the lysozyme. Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder resulting from a deficiency of arylsulfatase B. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OR1D2 | olfactory receptor, family 1, subfamily D, member 2|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ESRRG | estrogen-related receptor gamma|This gene encodes a member of the estrogen receptor-related receptor (ESRR) family, which belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. All members of the ESRR family share an almost identical DNA binding domain, which is composed of two C4-type zinc finger motifs. The ESRR members are orphan nuclear receptors; they bind to the estrogen response element and steroidogenic factor 1 response element, and activate genes controlled by both response elements in the absence of any ligands. The ESRR family is closely related to the estrogen receptor (ER) family. They share target genes, co-regulators and promoters, and by targeting the same set of genes, the ESRRs seem to interfere with the ER-mediated estrogen response in various ways. It has been reported that the family member encoded by this gene functions as a transcriptional activator of DNA cytosine-5-methyltransferases 1 (Dnmt1) expression by direct binding to its response elements in the DNMT1 promoters, modulates cell proliferation and estrogen signaling in breast cancer, and negatively regulates bone morphogenetic protein 2-induced osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified, which mainly differ at the 5' end and some of which encode protein isoforms differing in the N-terminal region. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| SEC62 | SEC62 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|The Sec61 complex is the central component of the protein translocation apparatus of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. The protein encoded by this gene and SEC63 protein are found to be associated with ribosome-free SEC61 complex. It is speculated that Sec61-Sec62-Sec63 may perform post-translational protein translocation into the ER. The Sec61-Sec62-Sec63 complex might also perform the backward transport of ER proteins that are subject to the ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent degradation pathway. The encoded protein is an integral membrane protein located in the rough ER. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SEC63 | SEC63 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|The Sec61 complex is the central component of the protein translocation apparatus of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. The protein encoded by this gene and SEC62 protein are found to be associated with ribosome-free SEC61 complex. It is speculated that Sec61-Sec62-Sec63 may perform post-translational protein translocation into the ER. The Sec61-Sec62-Sec63 complex might also perform the backward transport of ER proteins that are subject to the ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent degradation pathway. The encoded protein is an integral membrane protein located in the rough ER. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DHX38 | DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box polypeptide 38|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the DEAD/H box family of splicing factors. This protein resembles yeast Prp16 more closely than other DEAD/H family members. It is an ATPase and essential for the catalytic step II in pre-mRNA splicing process. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SAMD4A | sterile alpha motif domain containing 4A|Sterile alpha motifs (SAMs) in proteins such as SAMD4A are part of an RNA-binding domain that functions as a posttranscriptional regulator by binding to an RNA sequence motif known as the Smaug recognition element, which was named after the Drosophila Smaug protein (Baez and Boccaccio, 2005 [PubMed 16221671]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| TRIB1 | tribbles pseudokinase 1| |
| TRIB2 | tribbles pseudokinase 2|This gene encodes one of three members of the Tribbles family. The Tribbles members share a Trb domain, which is homologous to protein serine-threonine kinases, but lacks the active site lysine and probably lacks a catalytic function. The Tribbles proteins interact and modulate the activity of signal transduction pathways in a number of physiological and pathological processes. This Tribbles member induces apoptosis of cells mainly of the hematopoietic origin. It has been identified as a protein up-regulated by inflammatory stimuli in myeloid (THP-1) cells, and also as an oncogene that inactivates the transcription factor C/EBPalpha (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha) and causes acute myelogenous leukemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| TRIB3 | tribbles pseudokinase 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a putative protein kinase that is induced by the transcription factor NF-kappaB. The encoded protein is a negative regulator of NF-kappaB and can also sensitize cells to TNF- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In addition, this protein can negatively regulate the cell survival serine-threonine kinase AKT1. Differential promoter usage and alternate splicing result in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| DHX30 | DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box helicase 30|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this DEAD box protein family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. The family member encoded by this gene is a mitochondrial nucleoid protein that associates with mitochondrial DNA. It has also been identified as a component of a transcriptional repressor complex that functions in retinal development, and it is required to optimize the function of the zinc-finger antiviral protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013] |
| DHX32 | DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box polypeptide 32|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this DEAD box protein family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a member of this family. The function of this member has not been determined. Alternative splicing of this gene generates 2 transcript variants, but the full length nature of one of the variants has not been defined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DHX33 | DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box polypeptide 33|This gene encodes a member of the DEAD box protein family. The DEAD box proteins are characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this DEAD box protein family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| DHX34 | DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box polypeptide 34|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this DEAD box protein family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a member of this family. It is mapped to the glioma 19q tumor suppressor region and is a tumor suppressor candidate gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DHX35 | DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box polypeptide 35|DEAD box proteins characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of the DEAD box protein family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. The function of this gene product which is a member of this family, has not been determined. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| DHX36 | DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box polypeptide 36|This gene is a member of the DEAH-box family of RNA-dependent NTPases which are named after the conserved amino acid sequence Asp-Glu-Ala-His in motif II. The protein encoded by this gene has been shown to enhance the deadenylation and decay of mRNAs with 3'-UTR AU-rich elements (ARE-mRNA). The protein has also been shown to resolve into single strands the highly stable tetramolecular DNA configuration (G4) that can form spontaneously in guanine-rich regions of DNA. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DHX37 | DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box polypeptide 37|This gene encodes a DEAD box protein. DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SAMD4B | sterile alpha motif domain containing 4B| |
| HRNR | hornerin| |
| LAYN | layilin| |
| MGAM | maltase-glucoamylase|This gene encodes maltase-glucoamylase, which is a brush border membrane enzyme that plays a role in the final steps of digestion of starch. The protein has two catalytic sites identical to those of sucrase-isomaltase, but the proteins are only 59% homologous. Both are members of glycosyl hydrolase family 31, which has a variety of substrate specificities. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KMT2D | lysine (K)-specific methyltransferase 2D|The protein encoded by this gene is a histone methyltransferase that methylates the Lys-4 position of histone H3. The encoded protein is part of a large protein complex called ASCOM, which has been shown to be a transcriptional regulator of the beta-globin and estrogen receptor genes. Mutations in this gene have been shown to be a cause of Kabuki syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| B3GNTL1 | UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-like 1| |
| MPLKIP | M-phase specific PLK1 interacting protein|The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the centrosome during mitosis and to the midbody during cytokinesis. The protein is phosphorylated by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 during mitosis and subsequently interacts with polo-like kinase 1. The protein is thought to function in regulating mitosis and cytokinesis. Mutations in this gene result in nonphotosensitive trichothiodystrophy. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| TPTE | transmembrane phosphatase with tensin homology|This gene encodes a PTEN-related tyrosine phosphatase which may play a role in the signal transduction pathways of the endocrine or spermatogenic function of the testis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| VN1R1 | vomeronasal 1 receptor 1|Pheromones are chemical signals that elicit specific behavioral responses and physiologic alterations in recipients of the same species. The protein encoded by this gene is similar to pheromone receptors and is primarily localized to the olfactory mucosa. An alternate splice variant of this gene is thought to exist, but its full length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF768 | zinc finger protein 768| |
| ZNF765 | zinc finger protein 765| |
| ZNF764 | zinc finger protein 764| |
| ZNF766 | zinc finger protein 766| |
| ZNF761 | zinc finger protein 761| |
| CYP4V2 | cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily V, polypeptide 2|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 hemethiolate protein superfamily which are involved in oxidizing various substrates in the metabolic pathway. It is implicated in the metabolism of fatty acid precursors into n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Mutations in this gene result in Bietti crystalline corneoretinal dystrophy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF763 | zinc finger protein 763| |
| PDE6A | phosphodiesterase 6A, cGMP-specific, rod, alpha|This gene encodes the cyclic-GMP (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase 6A alpha subunit, expressed in cells of the retinal rod outer segment. The phosphodiesterase 6 holoenzyme is a heterotrimer composed of an alpha, beta, and two gamma subunits. cGMP is an important regulator of rod cell membrane current, and its dynamic concentration is established by phosphodiesterase 6A cGMP hydrolysis and guanylate cyclase cGMP synthesis. The protein is a subunit of a key phototransduction enzyme and participates in processes of transmission and amplification of the visual signal. Mutations in this gene have been identified as one cause of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TPT1 | tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1| |
| RPP21 | ribonuclease P/MRP 21kDa subunit|RPP21 is a protein subunit of nuclear ribonuclease P, which processes the 5-prime leader sequence of precursor tRNAs (Jarrous et al., 2001 [PubMed 11497433]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2009] |
| VNN3 | vanin 3|This gene is the central gene in a cluster of three vanin genes on chromosome 6q23-q24. Extensive alternative splicing has been described; the two most common variants are represented as RefSeqs. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| RPP25 | ribonuclease P/MRP 25kDa subunit| |
| TIMMDC1 | translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane domain containing 1| |
| PMCH | pro-melanin-concentrating hormone|The melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a cyclic neuropeptide isolated initially from salmon pituitary gland and later from rat hypothalamus. In mammals, MCH perikarya are confined largely to the lateral hypothalamus and zona incerta area with extensive neuronal projections throughout the brain, including the neurohypophysis. The anatomic distribution suggests a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator role for MCH in a broad array of neuronal functions directed toward the regulation of goal-directed behavior, such as food intake, and general arousal. MCH and 2 other putative neuropeptides, NEI and NGE, are encoded by the same precursor and appear colocalized in nerve cells and in many instances within the projections. The precursor is designated pro-melanin-concentrating hormone (PMCH) (summary by Nahon et al., 1992 [PubMed 1572663]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2011] |
| PLSCR4 | phospholipid scramblase 4| |
| ECSIT | ECSIT signalling integrator| |
| C6orf15 | chromosome 6 open reading frame 15| |
| HHATL | hedgehog acyltransferase-like| |
| JTB | jumping translocation breakpoint| |
| SUPT6H | suppressor of Ty 6 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| APOBEC2 | apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 2| |
| CILP2 | cartilage intermediate layer protein 2| |
| C18orf32 | chromosome 18 open reading frame 32| |
| DOPEY2 | dopey family member 2| |
| DOPEY1 | dopey family member 1| |
| ZNF501 | zinc finger protein 501| |
| ZNF503 | zinc finger protein 503| |
| ZNF502 | zinc finger protein 502| |
| ZNF506 | zinc finger protein 506| |
| MYO3A | myosin IIIA|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the myosin superfamily. Myosins are actin-dependent motor proteins and are categorized into conventional myosins (class II) and unconventional myosins (classes I and III through XV) based on their variable C-terminal cargo-binding domains. Class III myosins, such as this one, have a kinase domain N-terminal to the conserved N-terminal motor domains and are expressed in photoreceptors. The protein encoded by this gene plays an important role in hearing in humans. Three different recessive, loss of function mutations in the encoded protein have been shown to cause nonsyndromic progressive hearing loss. Expression of this gene is highly restricted, with the strongest expression in retina and cochlea. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPBP1 | GC-rich promoter binding protein 1|This gene was originally isolated by subtractive hybridization of cDNAs expressed in atherosclerotic plaques with a thrombus, and was found to be expressed only in vascular smooth muscle cells. However, a shorter splice variant was found to be more ubiquitously expressed. This protein is suggested to play a role in the development of atherosclerosis. Studies in mice suggest that it may also function as a GC-rich promoter-specific trans-activating transcription factor. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| ENOX2 | ecto-NOX disulfide-thiol exchanger 2|This gene is a tumor-specific member of the ECTO-NOX family of genes that encode cell surface NADH oxidases. The encoded protein has two enzymatic activities: catalysis of hydroquinone or NADH oxidation, and protein disulfide interchange. The protein also displays prion-like properties. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| TREM1 | triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1|This gene encodes a receptor belonging to the Ig superfamily that is expressed on myeloid cells. This protein amplifies neutrophil and monocyte-mediated inflammatory responses triggered by bacterial and fungal infections by stimulating release of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, as well as increased surface expression of cell activation markers. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| TREM2 | triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2|This gene encodes a membrane protein that forms a receptor signaling complex with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein. The encoded protein functions in immune response and may be involved in chronic inflammation by triggering the production of constitutive inflammatory cytokines. Defects in this gene are a cause of polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy (PLOSL). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| ANO8 | anoctamin 8| |
| POTEB2 | POTE ankyrin domain family, member B2| |
| RPL41 | ribosomal protein L41|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein, which shares sequence similarity with the yeast ribosomal protein YL41, belongs to the L41E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. The protein can interact with the beta subunit of protein kinase CKII and can stimulate the phosphorylation of DNA topoisomerase II-alpha by CKII. Two alternative splice variants have been identified, both encoding the same protein. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANO9 | anoctamin 9| |
| MYH2 | myosin, heavy chain 2, skeletal muscle, adult|Myosins are actin-based motor proteins that function in the generation of mechanical force in eukaryotic cells. Muscle myosins are heterohexamers composed of 2 myosin heavy chains and 2 pairs of nonidentical myosin light chains. This gene encodes a member of the class II or conventional myosin heavy chains, and functions in skeletal muscle contraction. This gene is found in a cluster of myosin heavy chain genes on chromosome 17. A mutation in this gene results in inclusion body myopathy-3. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| AZI2 | 5-azacytidine induced 2|AZI2, or NAP1, contributes to the activation of NFKB (see MIM 164011)-dependent gene expression by activating IKK-related kinases, such as NAK (TBK1; MIM 604834) (Fujita et al., 2003 [PubMed 14560022]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| TTPAL | tocopherol (alpha) transfer protein-like| |
| MYH1 | myosin, heavy chain 1, skeletal muscle, adult|Myosin is a major contractile protein which converts chemical energy into mechanical energy through the hydrolysis of ATP. Myosin is a hexameric protein composed of a pair of myosin heavy chains (MYH) and two pairs of nonidentical light chains. Myosin heavy chains are encoded by a multigene family. In mammals at least 10 different myosin heavy chain (MYH) isoforms have been described from striated, smooth, and nonmuscle cells. These isoforms show expression that is spatially and temporally regulated during development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CBLL1 | Cbl proto-oncogene-like 1, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This gene encodes an E3 ubiquitin-ligase for the E-cadherin complex and mediates its ubiquitination, endocytosis, and degradation in the lysosomes. The encoded protein contains a RING-finger domain and is also thought to have a role in control of cell proliferation. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome X. Alternative splicing results in a non-coding transcript variant. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| MYH7 | myosin, heavy chain 7, cardiac muscle, beta|Muscle myosin is a hexameric protein containing 2 heavy chain subunits, 2 alkali light chain subunits, and 2 regulatory light chain subunits. This gene encodes the beta (or slow) heavy chain subunit of cardiac myosin. It is expressed predominantly in normal human ventricle. It is also expressed in skeletal muscle tissues rich in slow-twitch type I muscle fibers. Changes in the relative abundance of this protein and the alpha (or fast) heavy subunit of cardiac myosin correlate with the contractile velocity of cardiac muscle. Its expression is also altered during thyroid hormone depletion and hemodynamic overloading. Mutations in this gene are associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myosin storage myopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and Laing early-onset distal myopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MYH4 | myosin, heavy chain 4, skeletal muscle| |
| RACGAP1 | Rac GTPase activating protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the GTPase-activating protein (GAP) family. GAPs bind activated forms of Rho GTPases and stimulate GTP hydrolysis. Through this catalytic function, GAPs negatively regulate Rho-mediated signals. This protein plays a regulatory role in initiation of cytokinesis, controlling cell growth and differentiation of hematopoietic cells, regulating spermatogenesis, and in neuronal proliferation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| MYH8 | myosin, heavy chain 8, skeletal muscle, perinatal|Myosins are actin-based motor proteins that function in the generation of mechanical force in eukaryotic cells. Muscle myosins are heterohexamers composed of 2 myosin heavy chains and 2 pairs of nonidentical myosin light chains. This gene encodes a member of the class II or conventional myosin heavy chains, and functions in skeletal muscle contraction. This gene is predominantly expressed in fetal skeletal muscle. This gene is found in a cluster of myosin heavy chain genes on chromosome 17. A mutation in this gene results in trismus-pseudocamptodactyly syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| MYH9 | myosin, heavy chain 9, non-muscle|This gene encodes a conventional non-muscle myosin; this protein should not be confused with the unconventional myosin-9a or 9b (MYO9A or MYO9B). The encoded protein is a myosin IIA heavy chain that contains an IQ domain and a myosin head-like domain which is involved in several important functions, including cytokinesis, cell motility and maintenance of cell shape. Defects in this gene have been associated with non-syndromic sensorineural deafness autosomal dominant type 17, Epstein syndrome, Alport syndrome with macrothrombocytopenia, Sebastian syndrome, Fechtner syndrome and macrothrombocytopenia with progressive sensorineural deafness. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| RAF1 | Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase|This gene is the cellular homolog of viral raf gene (v-raf). The encoded protein is a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K), which functions downstream of the Ras family of membrane associated GTPases to which it binds directly. Once activated, the cellular RAF1 protein can phosphorylate to activate the dual specificity protein kinases MEK1 and MEK2, which in turn phosphorylate to activate the serine/threonine specific protein kinases, ERK1 and ERK2. Activated ERKs are pleiotropic effectors of cell physiology and play an important role in the control of gene expression involved in the cell division cycle, apoptosis, cell differentiation and cell migration. Mutations in this gene are associated with Noonan syndrome 5 and LEOPARD syndrome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NUAK1 | NUAK family, SNF1-like kinase, 1| |
| VGLL2 | vestigial-like family member 2|This gene encodes a protein with a transcriptional enhancer factor 1 (TEF-1) interaction domain. The encoded protein may act as a co-factor of TEF-1 regulated gene expression during skeletal muscle development. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| ZNF431 | zinc finger protein 431| |
| CADM4 | cell adhesion molecule 4| |
| VGLL1 | vestigial-like family member 1|The protein encoded by this gene binds proteins of the TEA domain family of transcription factors (TEFs) through the Vg (vestigial) homology region found in its N-terminus. It may thus function as a specific coactivator for the mammalian TEFs. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| ANO6 | anoctamin 6|This gene encodes a multi-pass transmembrane protein that belongs to the anoctamin family. This protein is an essential component for the calcium-dependent exposure of phosphatidylserine on the cell surface. The scrambling of phospholipid occurs in various biological systems, such as when blood platelets are activated, they expose phosphatidylserine to trigger the clotting system. Mutations in this gene are associated with Scott syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| VGLL4 | vestigial-like family member 4| |
| ZNF430 | zinc finger protein 430| |
| FGD5 | FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing 5| |
| PUS1 | pseudouridylate synthase 1|This gene encodes a pseudouridine synthase that converts uridine to pseudouridine once it has been incorporated into an RNA molecule. The encoded enzyme may play an essential role in tRNA function and in stabilizing the secondary and tertiary structure of many RNAs. A mutation in this gene has been linked to mitochondrial myopathy and sideroblastic anemia. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| KIAA0430 | KIAA0430|This gene encodes a putative peroxisomal protein that appears to be conserved across Euteleostomi. In humans, it may be autoantigenic. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| FGD1 | FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing 1|This gene encodes a protein that contains Dbl (DH) and pleckstrin (PH) homology domains and is similar to the Rho family of small GTP-binding proteins. The encoded protein specifically binds to the Rho family GTPase Cdc42Hs and can stimulate the GDP-GTP exchange of the isoprenylated form of Cdc42Hs. It also stimulates the mitogen activated protein kinase cascade leading to c-Jun kinase SAPK/JNK1 activation. Defects in this gene are the cause of faciogenital dysplasia and X-linked mental retardation, syndromatic 16.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| ZNF345 | zinc finger protein 345| |
| FGD3 | FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing 3| |
| FGD2 | FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing 2| |
| CEP250 | centrosomal protein 250kDa|This gene encodes a core centrosomal protein required for centriole-centriole cohesion during interphase of the cell cycle. The encoded protein dissociates from the centrosomes when parental centrioles separate at the beginning of mitosis. The protein associates with and is phosphorylated by NIMA-related kinase 2, which is also associated with the centrosome. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| KRTAP5-9 | keratin associated protein 5-9| |
| VTN | vitronectin|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the pexin family. It is found in serum and tissues and promotes cell adhesion and spreading, inhibits the membrane-damaging effect of the terminal cytolytic complement pathway, and binds to several serpin serine protease inhibitors. It is a secreted protein and exists in either a single chain form or a clipped, two chain form held together by a disulfide bond. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SATB2 | SATB homeobox 2|This gene encodes a DNA binding protein that specifically binds nuclear matrix attachment regions. The encoded protein is involved in transcription regulation and chromatin remodeling. Defects in this gene are associated with isolated cleft palate and mental retardation. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| MERTK | MER proto-oncogene, tyrosine kinase|This gene is a member of the MER/AXL/TYRO3 receptor kinase family and encodes a transmembrane protein with two fibronectin type-III domains, two Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains, and one tyrosine kinase domain. Mutations in this gene have been associated with disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) phagocytosis pathway and onset of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GDF15 | growth differentiation factor 15|Bone morphogenetic proteins (e.g., BMP9; MIM 605120) are members of the transforming growth factor-beta (see TGFB1; MIM 190180) superfamily and regulate tissue differentiation and maintenance. They are synthesized as precursor molecules that are processed at a dibasic cleavage site to release C-terminal domains containing a characteristic motif of 7 conserved cysteines in the mature protein.[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009] |
| ARSI | arylsulfatase family, member I|Sulfatases (EC 3.1.5.6), such as ARSI, hydrolyze sulfate esters from sulfated steroids, carbohydrates, proteoglycans, and glycolipids. They are involved in hormone biosynthesis, modulation of cell signaling, and degradation of macromolecules (Sardiello et al., 2005 [PubMed 16174644]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| UHRF1 | ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 1|This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of RING-finger type E3 ubiquitin ligases. The protein binds to specific DNA sequences, and recruits a histone deacetylase to regulate gene expression. Its expression peaks at late G1 phase and continues during G2 and M phases of the cell cycle. It plays a major role in the G1/S transition by regulating topoisomerase IIalpha and retinoblastoma gene expression, and functions in the p53-dependent DNA damage checkpoint. It is regarded as a hub protein for the integration of epigenetic information. This gene is up-regulated in various cancers, and it is therefore considered to be a therapeutic target. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. A related pseudogene exists on chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| UHRF2 | ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This gene encodes a nuclear protein which is involved in cell-cycle regulation. The encoded protein is a ubiquitin-ligase capable of ubiquinating PCNP (PEST-containing nuclear protein), and together they may play a role in tumorigenesis. The encoded protein contains an NIRF_N domain, a PHD finger, a set- and ring-associated (SRA) domain, and a RING finger domain and several of these domains have been shown to be essential for the regulation of cell proliferation. This protein may also have a role in intranuclear degradation of polyglutamine aggregates. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants some of which are non-protein coding. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| TTC23L | tetratricopeptide repeat domain 23-like| |
| CNNM1 | cyclin and CBS domain divalent metal cation transport mediator 1| |
| CNNM3 | cyclin and CBS domain divalent metal cation transport mediator 3| |
| FBXO28 | F-box protein 28|Members of the F-box protein family, such as FBXO28, are characterized by an approximately 40-amino acid F-box motif. SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases. F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains (Jin et al., 2004 [PubMed 15520277]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| CNNM4 | cyclin and CBS domain divalent metal cation transport mediator 4|This gene encodes a member of the ancient conserved domain containing protein family. Members of this protein family contain a cyclin box motif and have structural similarity to the cyclins. The encoded protein may play a role in metal ion transport. Mutations in this gene are associated with Jalili syndrome which consists of cone-rod dystrophy and amelogenesis imperfecta. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| POLR1A | polymerase (RNA) I polypeptide A, 194kDa| |
| HHLA2 | HERV-H LTR-associating 2|This gene encodes a protein ligand found on the surface of monocytes. The encoded protein is thought to regulate cell-mediated immunity by binding to a receptor on T lymphocytes and inhibiting the proliferation of these cells. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| SLC35C2 | solute carrier family 35 (GDP-fucose transporter), member C2|This gene encodes a member of the triose-phosphate transporter protein family. This gene is regulated by oxygen tension, is induced in hypoxic trophoblast cells, and is overexpressed in ovarian cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene has been defined on the X chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| PIP5K1A | phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, alpha| |
| KEAP1 | kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1|This gene encodes a protein containing KELCH-1 like domains, as well as a BTB/POZ domain. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 interacts with NF-E2-related factor 2 in a redox-sensitive manner and the dissociation of the proteins in the cytoplasm is followed by transportation of NF-E2-related factor 2 to the nucleus. This interaction results in the expression of the catalytic subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same isoform have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MYO9B | myosin IXB|This gene encodes a member of the myosin family of actin-based molecular motor heavy chain proteins. The protein represents an unconventional myosin; it should not be confused with the conventional non-muscle myosin-9 (MYH9). The protein has four IQ motifs located in the neck domain that bind calmodulin, which serves as a light chain. The protein complex has a single-headed structure and exhibits processive movement on actin filaments toward the minus-end. The protein also has rho-GTPase activity. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with celiac disease and ulcerative colitis susceptibility. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| MYO9A | myosin IXA|This gene encodes a member of the myosin superfamily. The protein represents an unconventional myosin; it should not be confused with the conventional non-muscle myosin-9 (MYH9). Unconventional myosins contain the basic domains of conventional myosins and are further distinguished from class members by their tail domains. They function as actin-based molecular motors. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Bardet-Biedl Syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| ZBTB8OS | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 8 opposite strand| |
| DSCC1 | DNA replication and sister chromatid cohesion 1|CHTF18 (MIM 613201), CHTF8 (MIM 613202), and DSCC1 are components of an alternative replication factor C (RFC) (see MIM 600404) complex that loads PCNA (MIM 176740) onto DNA during S phase of the cell cycle (Merkle et al., 2003 [PubMed 12766176]; Bermudez et al., 2003 [PubMed 12930902]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2009] |
| SMN2 | survival of motor neuron 2, centromeric|This gene is part of a 500 kb inverted duplication on chromosome 5q13. This duplicated region contains at least four genes and repetitive elements which make it prone to rearrangements and deletions. The repetitiveness and complexity of the sequence have also caused difficulty in determining the organization of this genomic region. The telomeric and centromeric copies of this gene are nearly identical and encode the same protein. While mutations in the telomeric copy are associated with spinal muscular atrophy, mutations in this gene, the centromeric copy, do not lead to disease. This gene may be a modifier of disease caused by mutation in the telomeric copy. The critical sequence difference between the two genes is a single nucleotide in exon 7, which is thought to be an exon splice enhancer. Note that the nine exons of both the telomeric and centromeric copies are designated historically as exon 1, 2a, 2b, and 3-8. It is thought that gene conversion events may involve the two genes, leading to varying copy numbers of each gene. The full length protein encoded by this gene localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Within the nucleus, the protein localizes to subnuclear bodies called gems which are found near coiled bodies containing high concentrations of small ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). This protein forms heteromeric complexes with proteins such as SIP1 and GEMIN4, and also interacts with several proteins known to be involved in the biogenesis of snRNPs, such as hnRNP U protein and the small nucleolar RNA binding protein. Four transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| POLA2 | polymerase (DNA directed), alpha 2, accessory subunit| |
| POLA1 | polymerase (DNA directed), alpha 1, catalytic subunit|This gene encodes the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase, which together with a regulatory and two primase subunits, forms the DNA polymerase alpha complex. The catalytic subunit plays an essential role in the initiation of DNA replication. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| DMRTA1 | DMRT-like family A1| |
| PHF10 | PHD finger protein 10|This gene contains a predicted ORF that encodes a protein with two zinc finger domains. The function of the encoded protein is not known. Sequence analysis suggests that multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants are derived from this gene but the full-length nature of only two of them is known. These two splice variants encode different isoforms. A pseudogene for this gene is located on Xq28. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PHF11 | PHD finger protein 11| |
| PHF12 | PHD finger protein 12| |
| PRKX | protein kinase, X-linked|This gene encodes a serine threonine protein kinase that has similarity to the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP dependent protein kinases. The encoded protein is developmentally regulated and may be involved in renal epithelial morphogenesis. This protein may also be involved in macrophage and granulocyte maturation. Abnormal recombination between this gene and a related pseudogene on chromosome Y is a frequent cause of sex reversal disorder in XX males and XY females. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes X, 15 and Y. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| PHF19 | PHD finger protein 19| |
| FBRSL1 | fibrosin-like 1| |
| EBPL | emopamil binding protein-like| |
| EZH1 | enhancer of zeste 1 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit|EZH1 is a component of a noncanonical Polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2) that mediates methylation of histone H3 (see MIM 602812) lys27 (H3K27) and functions in the maintenance of embryonic stem cell pluripotency and plasticity (Shen et al., 2008 [PubMed 19026780]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2009] |
| SLC5A1 | solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 1|This gene encodes a member of the sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT) family. The encoded integral membrane protein is the primary mediator of dietary glucose and galactose uptake from the intestinal lumen. Mutations in this gene have been associated with glucose-galactose malabsorption. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| MEGF8 | multiple EGF-like-domains 8|The protein encoded by this gene is a single-pass type I membrane protein of unknown function that contains several EGF-like domains, Kelch repeats, and PSI domains. Defects in this gene are a cause of Carpenter syndrome 2. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| PRSS2 | protease, serine, 2 (trypsin 2)|This gene belongs to the trypsin family of serine proteases and encodes anionic trypsinogen. It is part of a cluster of trypsinogen genes that are located within the T cell receptor beta locus. Enzymes of this family cleave peptide bonds that follow lysine or arginine residues. This protein is found at high levels in pancreatic juice and its upregulation is a characteristic feature of pancreatitis. This protein has also been found to activate pro-urokinase in ovarian tumors, suggesting a function in tumor invasion. In addition, this enzyme is able to cleave across the type II collagen triple helix in rheumatoid arthritis synovitis tissue, potentially participating in the degradation of type II collagen-rich cartilage matrix. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| SLC5A4 | solute carrier family 5 (glucose activated ion channel), member 4| |
| CCNB1IP1 | cyclin B1 interacting protein 1, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|HEI10 is a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligase family and functions in progression of the cell cycle through G(2)/M.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| SLC5A6 | solute carrier family 5 (sodium/multivitamin and iodide cotransporter), member 6| |
| TSLP | thymic stromal lymphopoietin|This gene encodes a hemopoietic cytokine proposed to signal through a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of the thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor and the IL-7R alpha chain. It mainly impacts myeloid cells and induces the release of T cell-attracting chemokines from monocytes and enhances the maturation of CD11c(+) dendritic cells. The protein promotes T helper type 2 (TH2) cell responses that are associated with immunity in various inflammatory diseases, including asthma, allergic inflammation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The protein is therefore considered a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of such diseases. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| SLC5A8 | solute carrier family 5 (sodium/monocarboxylate cotransporter), member 8|SLC5A8 has been shown to transport iodide by a passive mechanism (Rodriguez et al., 2002 [PubMed 12107270]) and monocarboxylates and short-chain fatty acids by a sodium-coupled mechanism (Gopal et al., 2004 [PubMed 15322102]). In kidney, SLC5A8 functions as a high-affinity sodium-coupled lactate transporter involved in reabsorption of lactate and maintenance of blood lactate levels (Thangaraju et al., 2006 [PubMed 16873376]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2008] |
| PRSS8 | protease, serine, 8|This gene encodes a trypsinogen, which is a member of the trypsin family of serine proteases. This enzyme is highly expressed in prostate epithelia and is one of several proteolytic enzymes found in seminal fluid. The proprotein is cleaved to produce a light chain and a heavy chain which are associated by a disulfide bond. It is active on peptide linkages involving the carboxyl group of lysine or arginine. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MEGF6 | multiple EGF-like-domains 6| |
| UBN2 | ubinuclein 2| |
| UBN1 | ubinuclein 1| |
| PNLIPRP1 | pancreatic lipase-related protein 1| |
| PNLIPRP2 | pancreatic lipase-related protein 2| |
| NKX2-3 | NK2 homeobox 3|This gene encodes a homeodomain-containing transcription factor. The encoded protein is a member of the NKX family of homeodomain transcription factors. Studies of similar proteins in mouse and rat have indicated a potential role in cellular differentiation.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| RAVER1 | ribonucleoprotein, PTB-binding 1| |
| PITHD1 | PITH (C-terminal proteasome-interacting domain of thioredoxin-like) domain containing 1| |
| NAA40 | N(alpha)-acetyltransferase 40, NatD catalytic subunit| |
| ALX1 | ALX homeobox 1|The specific function of this gene has yet to be determined in humans; however, in rodents, it is necessary for survival of the forebrain mesenchyme and may also be involved in development of the cervix. Mutations in the mouse gene lead to neural tube defects such as acrania and meroanencephaly. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RB1 | retinoblastoma 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a negative regulator of the cell cycle and was the first tumor suppressor gene found. The encoded protein also stabilizes constitutive heterochromatin to maintain the overall chromatin structure. The active, hypophosphorylated form of the protein binds transcription factor E2F1. Defects in this gene are a cause of childhood cancer retinoblastoma (RB), bladder cancer, and osteogenic sarcoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ALX4 | ALX homeobox 4|This gene encodes a paired-like homeodomain transcription factor expressed in the mesenchyme of developing bones, limbs, hair, teeth, and mammary tissue. Mutations in this gene cause parietal foramina 2 (PFM2); an autosomal dominant disease characterized by deficient ossification of the parietal bones. Mutations in this gene also cause a form of frontonasal dysplasia with alopecia and hypogonadism; suggesting a role for this gene in craniofacial development, mesenchymal-epithelial communication, and hair follicle development. Deletion of a segment of chromosome 11 containing this gene, del(11)(p11p12), causes Potocki-Shaffer syndrome (PSS); a syndrome characterized by craniofacial anomalies, mental retardation, multiple exostoses, and genital abnormalities in males. In mouse, this gene has been shown to use dual translation initiation sites located 16 codons apart. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| ARC | activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein| |
| MC4R | melanocortin 4 receptor|The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane-bound receptor and member of the melanocortin receptor family. The encoded protein interacts with adrenocorticotropic and MSH hormones and is mediated by G proteins. This is an intronless gene. Defects in this gene are a cause of autosomal dominant obesity. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| UCN | urocortin|This gene is a member of the sauvagine/corticotropin-releasing factor/urotensin I family. It is structurally related to the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) gene and the encoded product is an endogenous ligand for CRF type 2 receptors. In the brain it may be responsible for the effects of stress on appetite. In spite of the gene family name similarity, the product of this gene has no sequence similarity to urotensin II. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZDHHC21 | zinc finger, DHHC-type containing 21| |
| ZBTB3 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 3| |
| ZBTB2 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 2| |
| ZBTB1 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 1| |
| CARD18 | caspase recruitment domain family, member 18| |
| MAT2A | methionine adenosyltransferase II, alpha|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the production of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) from methionine and ATP. AdoMet is the key methyl donor in cellular processes. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| HEG1 | heart development protein with EGF-like domains 1| |
| ZBTB5 | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 5| |
| MAT2B | methionine adenosyltransferase II, beta|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) family. MAT catalyzes the biosynthesis of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP. This protein is the regulatory beta subunit of MAT. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| NR4A2 | nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2|This gene encodes a member of the steroid-thyroid hormone-retinoid receptor superfamily. The encoded protein may act as a transcription factor. Mutations in this gene have been associated with disorders related to dopaminergic dysfunction, including Parkinson disease, schizophernia, and manic depression. Misregulation of this gene may be associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CYP21A2 | cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and hydroxylates steroids at the 21 position. Its activity is required for the synthesis of steroid hormones including cortisol and aldosterone. Mutations in this gene cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia. A related pseudogene is located near this gene; gene conversion events involving the functional gene and the pseudogene are thought to account for many cases of steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CARD11 | caspase recruitment domain family, member 11|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family, a class of proteins that functions as molecular scaffolds for the assembly of multiprotein complexes at specialized regions of the plasma membrane. This protein is also a member of the CARD protein family, which is defined by carrying a characteristic caspase-associated recruitment domain (CARD). This protein has a domain structure similar to that of CARD14 protein. The CARD domains of both proteins have been shown to specifically interact with BCL10, a protein known to function as a positive regulator of cell apoptosis and NF-kappaB activation. When expressed in cells, this protein activated NF-kappaB and induced the phosphorylation of BCL10. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NBR1 | neighbor of BRCA1 gene 1|The protein encoded by this gene was originally identified as an ovarian tumor antigen monitored in ovarian cancer. The encoded protein contains a B-box/coiled-coil motif, which is present in many genes with transformation potential. It functions as a specific autophagy receptor for the selective autophagic degradation of peroxisomes by forming intracellular inclusions with ubiquitylated autophagic substrates. This gene is located on a region of chromosome 17q21.1 that is in close proximity to the BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| CARD17 | caspase recruitment domain family, member 17| |
| CARD16 | caspase recruitment domain family, member 16| |
| CARD14 | caspase recruitment domain family, member 14|This gene encodes a caspase recruitment domain-containing protein that is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family of proteins. Members of this protein family are scaffold proteins that are involved in a diverse array of cellular processes including cellular adhesion, signal transduction and cell polarity control. This protein has been shown to specifically interact with BCL10, a protein known to function as a positive regulator of cell apoptosis and NF-kappaB activation. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| CASC3 | cancer susceptibility candidate 3|The product of this gene is a core component of the exon junction complex (EJC), a protein complex that is deposited on spliced mRNAs at exon-exon junctions and functions in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). The encoded protein binds RNA and interacts with two other EJC core components. It is predominantly located in the cytoplasm, but shuttles into the nucleus where it localizes to nuclear speckles. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CASC1 | cancer susceptibility candidate 1| |
| ARR3 | arrestin 3, retinal (X-arrestin)| |
| GNB3 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 3|Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes. This gene encodes a beta subunit which belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (C825T) in this gene is associated with essential hypertension and obesity. This polymorphism is also associated with the occurrence of the splice variant GNB3-s, which appears to have increased activity. GNB3-s is an example of alternative splicing caused by a nucleotide change outside of the splice donor and acceptor sites. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Additional alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but their full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| CASC5 | cancer susceptibility candidate 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the multiprotein assembly that is required for creation of kinetochore-microtubule attachments and chromosome segregation. The encoded protein functions as a scaffold for proteins that influence the spindle assembly checkpoint during the eukaryotic cell cycle and it interacts with at least five different kinetochore proteins and two checkpoint kinases. In adults, this gene is predominantly expressed in normal testes, various cancer cell lines and primary tumors from other tissues and is ubiquitously expressed in fetal tissues. This gene was originally identified as a fusion partner with the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) gene in t(11;15)(q23;q14). Mutations in this gene cause autosomal recessive primary microcephaly-4 (MCPH4). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Additional splice variants have been described but their biological validity has not been confirmed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| CASC4 | cancer susceptibility candidate 4|The increased expression level of this gene is associated with HER-2/neu proto-oncogene overexpression. Amplification and resulting overexpression of this proto-oncogene are found in approximately 30% of human breast and 20% of human ovarian cancers. Alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| COL24A1 | collagen, type XXIV, alpha 1| |
| PXMP2 | peroxisomal membrane protein 2, 22kDa| |
| GNB2 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 2|Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes. This gene encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors. This gene contains a trinucleotide (CCG) repeat length polymorphism in its 5' UTR. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PXMP4 | peroxisomal membrane protein 4, 24kDa| |
| ABCC6 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 6|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). The encoded protein, a member of the MRP subfamily, is involved in multi-drug resistance. Mutations in this gene cause pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different proteins have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NUDT13 | nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 13| |
| WDR47 | WD repeat domain 47| |
| COL20A1 | collagen, type XX, alpha 1| |
| CUL4A | cullin 4A|CUL4A is the ubiquitin ligase component of a multimeric complex involved in the degradation of DNA damage-response proteins (Liu et al., 2009 [PubMed 19481525]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009] |
| CUL4B | cullin 4B|This gene is a member of the cullin family. The encoded protein forms a complex that functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and catalyzes the polyubiquitination of specific protein substrates in the cell. The protein interacts with a ring finger protein, and is required for the proteolysis of several regulators of DNA replication including chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1 and cyclin E. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MYEOV2 | myeloma overexpressed 2| |
| CYP2C18 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 18|This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum but its specific substrate has not yet been determined. The gene is located within a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes on chromosome 10q24. An additional gene, CYP2C17, was once thought to exist; however, CYP2C17 is now considered an artefact based on a chimera of CYP2C18 and CYP2C19. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BOLA1 | bolA family member 1| |
| DLL4 | delta-like 4 (Drosophila)|This gene is a homolog of the Drosophila delta gene. The delta gene family encodes Notch ligands that are characterized by a DSL domain, EGF repeats, and a transmembrane domain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BOLA3 | bolA family member 3|This gene encodes a protein that plays an essential role in the production of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters for the normal maturation of lipoate-containing 2-oxoacid dehydrogenases, and for the assembly of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. Mutation in this gene has been associated with multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome-2. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms with distinct subcellular localization have been reported for this gene (PMID:21944046). [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| C8orf33 | chromosome 8 open reading frame 33| |
| IMMT | inner membrane protein, mitochondrial| |
| GLCCI1 | glucocorticoid induced 1|This gene encodes a protein of unknown function. Expression of this gene is induced by glucocorticoids and may be an early marker for glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene are associated with a decreased response to inhaled glucocorticoids in asthmatic patients. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| SLC6A3 | solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 3|This gene encodes a dopamine transporter which is a member of the sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter family. The 3' UTR of this gene contains a 40 bp tandem repeat, referred to as a variable number tandem repeat or VNTR, which can be present in 3 to 11 copies. Variation in the number of repeats is associated with idiopathic epilepsy, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, dependence on alcohol and cocaine, susceptibility to Parkinson disease and protection against nicotine dependence.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| FAM213A | family with sequence similarity 213, member A| |
| SLC6A1 | solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 1|The SLC6A1 gene encodes a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter, which removes GABA from the synaptic cleft (Hirunsatit et al., 2009 [PubMed 19077666]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2009] |
| SLC6A7 | solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 7|This gene is a member of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter gene family and encodes a high-affinity mammalian brain L-proline transporter protein. This transporter protein differs from other sodium-dependent plasma membrane carriers by its pharmacological specificity, kinetic properties, and ionic requirements. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NUTM1 | NUT midline carcinoma, family member 1| |
| NDUFB9 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 9, 22kDa| |
| SLC6A4 | solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 4|This gene encodes an integral membrane protein that transports the neurotransmitter serotonin from synaptic spaces into presynaptic neurons. The encoded protein terminates the action of serotonin and recycles it in a sodium-dependent manner. This protein is a target of psychomotor stimulants, such as amphetamines and cocaine, and is a member of the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter family. A repeat length polymorphism in the promoter of this gene has been shown to affect the rate of serotonin uptake and may play a role in sudden infant death syndrome, aggressive behavior in Alzheimer disease patients, and depression-susceptibility in people experiencing emotional trauma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NDUFB7 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 7, 18kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the multisubunit NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I). Mammalian complex I is composed of 45 different subunits. It is located at the mitochondrial inner membrane. This protein has NADH dehydrogenase activity and oxidoreductase activity. It transfers electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NDUFB6 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 6, 17kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the multisubunit NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I). Mammalian complex I is composed of 45 different subunits. It locates at the mitochondrial inner membrane. This protein has NADH dehydrogenase activity and oxidoreductase activity. It transfers electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and three transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| NDUFB5 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 5, 16kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the multisubunit NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I). Mammalian complex I is composed of 45 different subunits. It locates at the mitochondrial inner membrane. This protein has NADH dehydrogenase activity and oxidoreductase activity. It transfers electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| NDUFB4 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 4, 15kDa|This gene encodes a non-catalytic subunit of the multisubunit NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, the first enzyme complex in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (complex I). Mammalian complex I is composed of 45 different subunits and transfers electrons from NADH to ubiquinone. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| NDUFB3 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 3, 12kDa|This gene encodes an accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) which is the first enzyme in the electron transport chain of mitochondria. This protein localizes to the inner membrane of the mitochondrion as a single-pass membrane protein. Mutations in this gene contribute to mitochondrial complex 1 deficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. Humans have multiple pseudogenes of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| NDUFB2 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 2, 8kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the multisubunit NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I). Mammalian complex I is composed of 45 different subunits. This protein has NADH dehydrogenase activity and oxidoreductase activity. It plays a important role in transfering electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. Hydropathy analysis revealed that this subunit and 4 other subunits have an overall hydrophilic pattern, even though they are found within the hydrophobic protein (HP) fraction of complex I. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NDUFB1 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 1, 7kDa| |
| GPR39 | G protein-coupled receptor 39| |
| GSR | glutathione reductase|This gene encodes a member of the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family. This enzyme is a homodimeric flavoprotein. It is a central enzyme of cellular antioxidant defense, and reduces oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to the sulfhydryl form GSH, which is an important cellular antioxidant. Rare mutations in this gene result in hereditary glutathione reductase deficiency. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| KIAA1919 | KIAA1919| |
| NAALADL2 | N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase-like 2| |
| GPR37 | G protein-coupled receptor 37 (endothelin receptor type B-like)|This gene is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family. The encoded protein contains seven transmembrane domains and is found in cell and endoplasmic reticulum membranes. G protein-coupled receptors are involved in translating outside signals into G protein mediated intracellular effects. This gene product interacts with Parkin and is involved in juvenile Parkinson disease. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| LRPPRC | leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing|This gene encodes a leucine-rich protein that has multiple pentatricopeptide repeats (PPR). The precise role of this protein is unknown but studies suggest it may play a role in cytoskeletal organization, vesicular transport, or in transcriptional regulation of both nuclear and mitochondrial genes. The protein localizes primarily to mitochondria and is predicted to have an N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence. Mutations in this gene are associated with the French-Canadian type of Leigh syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| C12orf57 | chromosome 12 open reading frame 57|This gene is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues. It is required for development of the human corpus callosum. Mutations in this gene are associated with Temtamy syndrome (TEMTYS). Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| SUGT1 | SGT1, suppressor of G2 allele of SKP1 (S. cerevisiae)|This gene is homologous to the yeast gene SGT1, which encodes a protein involved in kinetochore function and required for the G1/S and G2/M transitions. Complementation studies suggest that the human protein has similar functions. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| FAM50B | family with sequence similarity 50, member B| |
| FAM50A | family with sequence similarity 50, member A|This gene belongs to the FAM50 family. The encoded protein is highly conserved in length and sequence across different species. It is a basic protein containing a nuclear localization signal, and may function as a DNA-binding protein or a transcriptional factor. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| FMNL2 | formin-like 2|This gene encodes a formin-related protein. Formin-related proteins have been implicated in morphogenesis, cytokinesis, and cell polarity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FMNL3 | formin-like 3|The protein encoded by this gene contains a formin homology 2 domain and has high sequence identity to the mouse Wbp3 protein. Two alternative transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LAT2 | linker for activation of T cells family, member 2|This gene is one of the contiguous genes at 7q11.23 commonly deleted in Williams syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder. This gene consists of at least 14 exons, and its alternative splicing generates 3 transcript variants, all encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZIC4 | Zic family member 4|This gene encodes a member of the ZIC family of C2H2-type zinc finger proteins. Members of this family are important during development, and have been associated with X-linked visceral heterotaxy and holoprosencephaly type 5. This gene is closely linked to the gene encoding zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 1, a related family member on chromosome 3. Heterozygous deletion of these linked genes is involved in Dandy-Walker malformation, which is a congenital cerebellar malformation. Multiple transcript variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| STAP2 | signal transducing adaptor family member 2|This gene encodes the substrate of breast tumor kinase, an Src-type non-receptor tyrosine kinase. The encoded protein possesses domains and several tyrosine phosphorylation sites characteristic of adaptor proteins that mediate the interactions linking proteins involved in signal transduction pathways. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STAP1 | signal transducing adaptor family member 1|The protein encoded by this gene functions as a docking protein acting downstream of Tec tyrosine kinase in B cell antigen receptor signaling. The protein is directly phosphorylated by Tec in vitro where it participates in a postive feedback loop, increasing Tec activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANKS3 | ankyrin repeat and sterile alpha motif domain containing 3| |
| ZC3HAV1 | zinc finger CCCH-type, antiviral 1|This gene encodes a CCCH-type zinc finger protein that is thought to prevent infection by retroviruses. Studies of the rat homolog indicate that the protein may primarily function to inhibit viral gene expression and induce an innate immunity to viral infection. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and two variants, each encoding distinct isoforms, are described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GUCA2B | guanylate cyclase activator 2B (uroguanylin)|This gene encodes a member of the guanylin family, and is expressed in the stomach and intestine. This protein functions as an endogenous ligand for the guanylate cyclase-C receptor and stimulates an increase in cyclic GMP, a key component of several intracellular signal transduction pathways. It maybe involved in salt and water secretion into the intestinal lumen as well as the renal tubules, and thus regulate electrolyte homeostasis in these tissues. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| TNFRSF8 | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 8|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor is expressed by activated, but not by resting, T and B cells. TRAF2 and TRAF5 can interact with this receptor, and mediate the signal transduction that leads to the activation of NF-kappaB. This receptor is a positive regulator of apoptosis, and also has been shown to limit the proliferative potential of autoreactive CD8 effector T cells and protect the body against autoimmunity. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAPRE1 | microtubule-associated protein, RP/EB family, member 1|The protein encoded by this gene was first identified by its binding to the APC protein which is often mutated in familial and sporadic forms of colorectal cancer. This protein localizes to microtubules, especially the growing ends, in interphase cells. During mitosis, the protein is associated with the centrosomes and spindle microtubules. The protein also associates with components of the dynactin complex and the intermediate chain of cytoplasmic dynein. Because of these associations, it is thought that this protein is involved in the regulation of microtubule structures and chromosome stability. This gene is a member of the RP/EB family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAPRE3 | microtubule-associated protein, RP/EB family, member 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RP/EB family of genes. The protein localizes to the cytoplasmic microtubule network and binds APCL, a homolog of the adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZIC3 | Zic family member 3|This gene encodes a member of the ZIC family of C2H2-type zinc finger proteins. This nuclear protein probably functions as a transcription factor in early stages of left-right body axis formation. Mutations in this gene cause X-linked visceral heterotaxy, which includes congenital heart disease and left-right axis defects in organs. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AQP6 | aquaporin 6, kidney specific|The protein encoded by this gene is an aquaporin protein, which functions as a water channel in cells. Aquaporins are a family of small integral membrane proteins related to the major intrinsic protein (MIP or AQP0). This protein is specific for the kidney. This gene and related family members AQP0, AQP2, and AQP5 reside in a cluster on chromosome 12q13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANKRD44 | ankyrin repeat domain 44| |
| AQP4 | aquaporin 4|This gene encodes a member of the aquaporin family of intrinsic membrane proteins that function as water-selective channels in the plasma membranes of many cells. The encoded protein is the predominant aquaporin found in brain. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANKRD46 | ankyrin repeat domain 46|This gene encodes a protein containing multiple ankyrin repeats. Ankyrin domains function in protein-protein interactions in a variety of cellular processes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| AQP2 | aquaporin 2 (collecting duct)|This gene encodes a water channel protein located in the kidney collecting tubule. It belongs to the MIP/aquaporin family, some members of which are clustered together on chromosome 12q13. Mutations in this gene have been linked to autosomal dominant and recessive forms of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| ANKRD40 | ankyrin repeat domain 40| |
| TM6SF1 | transmembrane 6 superfamily member 1| |
| CDCA8 | cell division cycle associated 8|This gene encodes a component of the chromosomal passenger complex. This complex is an essential regulator of mitosis and cell division. This protein is cell-cycle regulated and is required for chromatin-induced microtubule stabilization and spindle formation. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudgenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 7, 8 and 16. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2013] |
| ZIC1 | Zic family member 1|This gene encodes a member of the ZIC family of C2H2-type zinc finger proteins. Members of this family are important during development. Aberrant expression of this gene is seen in medulloblastoma, a childhood brain tumor. This gene is closely linked to the gene encoding zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 4, a related family member on chromosome 3. This gene encodes a transcription factor that can bind and transactivate the apolipoprotein E gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANKRD49 | ankyrin repeat domain 49| |
| GPR151 | G protein-coupled receptor 151| |
| CACNB2 | calcium channel, voltage-dependent, beta 2 subunit|This gene encodes a subunit of a voltage-dependent calcium channel protein that is a member of the voltage-gated calcium channel superfamily. The gene product was originally identified as an antigen target in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, an autoimmune disorder. Mutations in this gene are associated with Brugada syndrome. Alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013] |
| AQP9 | aquaporin 9|The aquaporins are a family of water-selective membrane channels. The protein encoded by this gene allows passage of a wide variety of noncharged solutes. It stimulates urea transport and osmotic water permeability; there are contradicting reports about its role in providing glycerol permeability. The encoded protein may also play a role in specialized leukocyte functions such as immunological response and bactericidal activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NR1H4 | nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4|This gene encodes a ligand-activated transcription factor, which shares structural features in common with nuclear hormone receptor family, such as a DNA-binding domain that targets the receptor to specific DNA sequences, and a ligand-binding domain, which interacts directly with the ligand and contains a ligand-dependent transcriptional activation domain. This protein functions as a receptor for bile acids, and when bound to bile acids, regulates the expression of genes involved in bile acid synthesis and transport. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| PATZ1 | POZ (BTB) and AT hook containing zinc finger 1|The protein encoded by this gene contains an A-T hook DNA binding motif which usually binds to other DNA binding structures to play an important role in chromatin modeling and transcription regulation. Its Poz domain is thought to function as a site for protein-protein interaction and is required for transcriptional repression, and the zinc-fingers comprise the DNA binding domain. Since the encoded protein has typical features of a transcription factor, it is postulated to be a repressor of gene expression. In small round cell sarcoma, this gene is fused to EWS by a small inversion of 22q, then the hybrid is thought to be translocated (t(1;22)(p36.1;q12). The rearrangement of chromosome 22 involves intron 8 of EWS and exon 1 of this gene creating a chimeric sequence containing the transactivation domain of EWS fused to zinc finger domain of this protein. This is a distinct example of an intra-chromosomal rearrangement of chromosome 22. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants are described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GRM6 | glutamate receptor, metabotropic 6|L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in most aspects of normal brain function and can be perturbed in many neuropathologic conditions. The metabotropic glutamate receptors are a family of G protein-coupled receptors, that have been divided into 3 groups on the basis of sequence homology, putative signal transduction mechanisms, and pharmacologic properties. Group I includes GRM1 and GRM5 and these receptors have been shown to activate phospholipase C. Group II includes GRM2 and GRM3 while Group III includes GRM4, GRM6, GRM7 and GRM8. Group II and III receptors are linked to the inhibition of the cyclic AMP cascade but differ in their agonist selectivities. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| GRM7 | glutamate receptor, metabotropic 7|L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and it activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in most aspects of normal brain function and can be perturbed in many neuropathologic conditions. The metabotropic glutamate receptors are a family of G protein-coupled receptors that have been divided into three groups on the basis of sequence homology, putative signal transduction mechanisms, and pharmacologic properties. Group I includes GRM1 and GRM5, and these receptors have been shown to activate phospholipase C. Group II includes GRM2 and GRM3, while Group III includes GRM4, GRM6, GRM7 and GRM8. Group II and III receptors are linked to the inhibition of the cyclic AMP cascade but differ in their agonist selectivities. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| MRRF | mitochondrial ribosome recycling factor| |
| MPV17L | MPV17 mitochondrial membrane protein-like| |
| PHB | prohibitin|This gene is evolutionarily conserved, and its product is proposed to play a role in human cellular senescence and tumor suppression. Antiproliferative activity is reported to be localized to the 3' UTR, which is proposed to function as a trans-acting regulatory RNA. Several pseudogenes of this gene have been identified. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| GSC | goosecoid homeobox|This gene encodes a member of the bicoid subfamily of the paired (PRD) homeobox family of proteins. The encoded protein acts as a transcription factor and may be autoregulatory. A similar protein in mice plays a role in craniofacial and rib cage development during embryogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ETNPPL | ethanolamine-phosphate phospho-lyase| |
| PGGT1B | protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I, beta subunit|Protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I) transfers a geranylgeranyl group to the cysteine residue of candidate proteins containing a C-terminal CAAX motif in which 'A' is an aliphatic amino acid and 'X' is leucine (summarized by Zhang et al., 1994 [PubMed 8106351]). The enzyme is composed of a 48-kD alpha subunit (FNTA; MIM 134635) and a 43-kD beta subunit, encoded by the PGGT1B gene. The FNTA gene encodes the alpha subunit for both GGTase-I and the related enzyme farnesyltransferase.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2010] |
| RHAG | Rh-associated glycoprotein|The protein encoded by this gene is erythrocyte-specific and is thought to be part of a membrane channel that transports ammonium and carbon dioxide across the blood cell membrane. The encoded protein appears to interact with Rh blood group antigens and Rh30 polypeptides. Defects in this gene are a cause of regulator type Rh-null hemolytic anemia (RHN), or Rh-deficiency syndrome.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| IFIT1B | interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1B| |
| GRM2 | glutamate receptor, metabotropic 2|L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in most aspects of normal brain function and can be perturbed in many neuropathologic conditions. The metabotropic glutamate receptors are a family of G protein-coupled receptors, that have been divided into 3 groups on the basis of sequence homology, putative signal transduction mechanisms, and pharmacologic properties. Group I includes GRM1 and GRM5 and these receptors have been shown to activate phospholipase C. Group II includes GRM2 and GRM3 while Group III includes GRM4, GRM6, GRM7 and GRM8. Group II and III receptors are linked to the inhibition of the cyclic AMP cascade but differ in their agonist selectivities. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GUCY1B2 | guanylate cyclase 1, soluble, beta 2 (pseudogene)| |
| GUCY1B3 | guanylate cyclase 1, soluble, beta 3|This gene encodes the beta subunit of the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), which catalyzes the conversion of GTP (guanosine triphosphate) to cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate). The encoded protein contains an HNOX domain, which serves as a receptor for ligands such as nitric oxide, oxygen and nitrovasodilator drugs. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| RNF214 | ring finger protein 214| |
| RNF217 | ring finger protein 217| |
| RNF216 | ring finger protein 216|This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein which specifically colocalizes and interacts with the serine/threonine protein kinase, receptor-interacting protein (RIP). Zinc finger domains of the encoded protein are required for its interaction with RIP and for inhibition of TNF- and IL1-induced NF-kappa B activation pathways. The encoded protein may also function as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and transfers it to substrates. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this locus but the full-length natures of only some are known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LZTR1 | leucine-zipper-like transcription regulator 1|This gene encodes a member of the BTB-kelch superfamily. Initially described as a putative transcriptional regulator based on weak homology to members of the basic leucine zipper-like family, the encoded protein subsequently has been shown to localize exclusively to the Golgi network where it may help stabilize the Gogli complex. Deletion of this gene may be associated with DiGeorge syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STX3 | syntaxin 3|The gene is a member of the syntaxin family. The encoded protein is targeted to the apical membrane of epithelial cells where it forms clusters and is important in establishing and maintaining polarity necessary for protein trafficking involving vesicle fusion and exocytosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| RNF213 | ring finger protein 213|This gene encodes a protein containing a C3HC4-type RING finger domain, which is a specialized type of Zn-finger that binds two atoms of zinc and is thought to be involved in mediating protein-protein interactions. The protein also contains an AAA domain, which is associated with ATPase activity. This gene is a susceptibility gene for Moyamoya disease, a vascular disorder of intracranial arteries. This gene is also a translocation partner in anaplastic large cell lymphoma and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor cases, where a t(2;17)(p23;q25) translocation has been identified with the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene on chromosome 2, and a t(8;17)(q24;q25) translocation has been identified with the MYC gene on chromosome 8. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| RNF212 | ring finger protein 212|This gene encodes a RING finger protein that may function as a ubiquitin ligase. The encoded protein may be involved in meiotic recombination. This gene is located within a linkage disequilibrium block and polymorphisms in this gene may influence recombination rates. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| MED29 | mediator complex subunit 29|MED29 is a subunit of the Mediator complex, a multiprotein coactivator of RNA transcription that interacts with DNA-bound transcriptional activators, RNA polymerase II (see MIM 180660), and general initiation factors (Sato et al., 2003 [PubMed 14576168]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2009] |
| MED28 | mediator complex subunit 28| |
| RSRC2 | arginine/serine-rich coiled-coil 2| |
| MED21 | mediator complex subunit 21|This gene encodes a member of the mediator complex subunit 21 family. The encoded protein interacts with the human RNA polymerase II holoenzyme and is involved in transcriptional regulation of RNA polymerase II transcribed genes. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 8. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| MED20 | mediator complex subunit 20|This gene encodes a component of the mediator complex (also known as TRAP, SMCC, DRIP, or ARC), a transcriptional coactivator complex thought to be required for the expression of almost all genes. The mediator complex is recruited by transcriptional activators or nuclear receptors to induce gene expression, by interacting with RNA polymerase II and promoting the formation of a transcriptional pre-initiation complex. A mutation in this gene has been associated with a novel infantile-onset neurodegenerative movement disorder. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015] |
| TSN | translin|This gene encodes a DNA-binding protein which specifically recognizes conserved target sequences at the breakpoint junction of chromosomal translocations. Translin polypeptides form a multimeric structure that is responsible for its DNA-binding activity. Recombination-associated motifs and translin-binding sites are present at recombination hotspots and may serve as indicators of breakpoints in genes which are fused by translocations. These binding activities may play a crucial role in chromosomal translocation in lymphoid neoplasms. This protein encoded by this gene, when complexed with translin-associated protein X, also forms a Mg ion-dependent endoribonuclease that promotes RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) activation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| MED22 | mediator complex subunit 22|This gene encodes a protein component of the mediator complex, which functions in the regulation of transcription by bridging interactions between gene-specific regulatory factors, RNA polymerase II, and general transcription factors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| MED25 | mediator complex subunit 25|This gene encodes a component of the transcriptional coactivator complex termed the Mediator complex. This complex is required for transcription of most RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. The encoded protein plays a role in chromatin modification and in preinitiation complex assembly. Mutations in this gene are associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2B2. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| ATRAID | all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation factor|This gene is thought to be involved in apoptosis, and may also be involved in hematopoietic development and differentiation. The use of alternative splice sites and promotors result in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| MED27 | mediator complex subunit 27|The activation of gene transcription is a multistep process that is triggered by factors that recognize transcriptional enhancer sites in DNA. These factors work with co-activators to direct transcriptional initiation by the RNA polymerase II apparatus. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the CRSP (cofactor required for SP1 activation) complex, which, along with TFIID, is required for efficient activation by SP1. This protein is also a component of other multisubunit complexes e.g. thyroid hormone receptor-(TR-) associated proteins which interact with TR and facilitate TR function on DNA templates in conjunction with initiation factors and cofactors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 5. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| MED26 | mediator complex subunit 26|The activation of gene transcription is a multistep process that is triggered by factors that recognize transcriptional enhancer sites in DNA. These factors work with co-activators to direct transcriptional initiation by the RNA polymerase II apparatus. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the CRSP (cofactor required for SP1 activation) complex, which, along with TFIID, is required for efficient activation by SP1. This protein is also a component of other multisubunit complexes e.g. thyroid hormone receptor-(TR-) associated proteins which interact with TR and facilitate TR function on DNA templates in conjunction with initiation factors and cofactors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FUNDC1 | FUN14 domain containing 1|This gene encodes a protein with a FUN14 superfamily domain. The function of the encoded protein is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| SEPT9 | septin 9|This gene is a member of the septin family involved in cytokinesis and cell cycle control. This gene is a candidate for the ovarian tumor suppressor gene. Mutations in this gene cause hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy, also known as neuritis with brachial predilection. A chromosomal translocation involving this gene on chromosome 17 and the MLL gene on chromosome 11 results in acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| SEPT8 | septin 8|This gene is a member of the septin family of nucleotide binding proteins, originally described in yeast as cell division cycle regulatory proteins. Septins are highly conserved in yeast, Drosophila, and mouse, and appear to regulate cytoskeletal organization. Disruption of septin function disturbs cytokinesis and results in large multinucleate or polyploid cells. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| CC2D1B | coiled-coil and C2 domain containing 1B| |
| SEPT5 | septin 5|This gene is a member of the septin gene family of nucleotide binding proteins, originally described in yeast as cell division cycle regulatory proteins. Septins are highly conserved in yeast, Drosophila, and mouse and appear to regulate cytoskeletal organization. Disruption of septin function disturbs cytokinesis and results in large multinucleate or polyploid cells. This gene is mapped to 22q11, the region frequently deleted in DiGeorge and velocardiofacial syndromes. A translocation involving the MLL gene and this gene has also been reported in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. The presence of a non-consensus polyA signal (AACAAT) in this gene also results in read-through transcription into the downstream neighboring gene (GP1BB; platelet glycoprotein Ib), whereby larger, non-coding transcripts are produced. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| SEPT4 | septin 4|This gene is a member of the septin family of nucleotide binding proteins, originally described in yeast as cell division cycle regulatory proteins. Septins are highly conserved in yeast, Drosophila, and mouse, and appear to regulate cytoskeletal organization. Disruption of septin function disturbs cytokinesis and results in large multinucleate or polyploid cells. This gene is highly expressed in brain and heart. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. One of the isoforms (known as ARTS) is distinct; it is localized to the mitochondria, and has a role in apoptosis and cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| SEPT7 | septin 7|This gene encodes a protein that is highly similar to the CDC10 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The protein also shares similarity with Diff 6 of Drosophila and with H5 of mouse. Each of these similar proteins, including the yeast CDC10, contains a GTP-binding motif. The yeast CDC10 protein is a structural component of the 10 nm filament which lies inside the cytoplasmic membrane and is essential for cytokinesis. This human protein functions in gliomagenesis and in the suppression of glioma cell growth, and it is required for the association of centromere-associated protein E with the kinetochore. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Several related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 14, 17 and 19. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| SEPT6 | septin 6|This gene is a member of the septin family of GTPases. Members of this family are required for cytokinesis. One version of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia is the result of a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 11 and X, with the breakpoint associated with the genes encoding the mixed-lineage leukemia and septin 2 proteins. This gene encodes four transcript variants encoding three distinct isoforms. An additional transcript variant has been identified, but its biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SEPT1 | septin 1|This gene is a member of the septin family of GTPases. Members of this family are required for cytokinesis and the maintenance of cellular morphology. This gene encodes a protein that can form homo- and heterooligomeric filaments, and may contribute to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found but the full-length nature of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012] |
| BDNF | brain-derived neurotrophic factor|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the nerve growth factor family. It is induced by cortical neurons, and is necessary for survival of striatal neurons in the brain. Expression of this gene is reduced in both Alzheimer's and Huntington disease patients. This gene may play a role in the regulation of stress response and in the biology of mood disorders. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| SEPT3 | septin 3|This gene belongs to the septin family of GTPases. Members of this family are required for cytokinesis. Expression is upregulated by retinoic acid in a human teratocarcinoma cell line. The specific function of this gene has not been determined. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FNBP1L | formin binding protein 1-like|The protein encoded by this gene binds to both CDC42 and N-WASP. This protein promotes CDC42-induced actin polymerization by activating the N-WASP-WIP complex and, therefore, is involved in a pathway that links cell surface signals to the actin cytoskeleton. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KANSL3 | KAT8 regulatory NSL complex subunit 3| |
| KANSL2 | KAT8 regulatory NSL complex subunit 2| |
| KANSL1 | KAT8 regulatory NSL complex subunit 1|This gene encodes a nuclear protein that is a subunit of two protein complexes involved with histone acetylation, the MLL1 complex and the NSL1 complex. The corresponding protein in Drosophila interacts with K(lysine) acetyltransferase 8, which is also a subunit of both the MLL1 and NSL1 complexes. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| UTS2R | urotensin 2 receptor| |
| GK5 | glycerol kinase 5 (putative)| |
| TRIAP1 | TP53 regulated inhibitor of apoptosis 1| |
| RBM34 | RNA binding motif protein 34| |
| YARS | tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase|Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA by their cognate amino acid. Because of their central role in linking amino acids with nucleotide triplets contained in tRNAs, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are thought to be among the first proteins that appeared in evolution. Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase belongs to the class I tRNA synthetase family. Cytokine activities have also been observed for the human tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, after it is split into two parts, an N-terminal fragment that harbors the catalytic site and a C-terminal fragment found only in the mammalian enzyme. The N-terminal fragment is an interleukin-8-like cytokine, whereas the released C-terminal fragment is an EMAP II-like cytokine. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CDK5R1 | cyclin-dependent kinase 5, regulatory subunit 1 (p35)|The protein encoded by this gene (p35) is a neuron-specific activator of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5); the activation of CDK5 is required for proper development of the central nervous system. The p35 form of this protein is proteolytically cleaved by calpain, generating a p25 form. The cleavage of p35 into p25 results in relocalization of the protein from the cell periphery to nuclear and perinuclear regions. P25 deregulates CDK5 activity by prolonging its activation and changing its cellular location. The p25 form accumulates in the brain neurons of patients with Alzheimer's disease. This accumulation correlates with an increase in CDK5 kinase activity, and may lead to aberrantly phosphorylated forms of the microtubule-associated protein tau, which contributes to Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BORA | bora, aurora kinase A activator|BORA is an activator of the protein kinase Aurora A (AURKA; MIM 603072), which is required for centrosome maturation, spindle assembly, and asymmetric protein localization during mitosis (Hutterer et al., 2006 [PubMed 16890155]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| RBM33 | RNA binding motif protein 33| |
| CDK5R2 | cyclin-dependent kinase 5, regulatory subunit 2 (p39)|The protein encoded by this gene is a neuron-specific activator of CDK5 kinase. It associates with CDK5 to form an active kinase. This protein and neuron-specific CDK5 activator CDK5R1/p39NCK5A both share limited similarity to cyclins, and thus may define a distinct family of cyclin-dependent kinase activating proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MSR1 | macrophage scavenger receptor 1|This gene encodes the class A macrophage scavenger receptors, which include three different types (1, 2, 3) generated by alternative splicing of this gene. These receptors or isoforms are macrophage-specific trimeric integral membrane glycoproteins and have been implicated in many macrophage-associated physiological and pathological processes including atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and host defense. The isoforms type 1 and type 2 are functional receptors and are able to mediate the endocytosis of modified low density lipoproteins (LDLs). The isoform type 3 does not internalize modified LDL (acetyl-LDL) despite having the domain shown to mediate this function in the types 1 and 2 isoforms. It has an altered intracellular processing and is trapped within the endoplasmic reticulum, making it unable to perform endocytosis. The isoform type 3 can inhibit the function of isoforms type 1 and type 2 when co-expressed, indicating a dominant negative effect and suggesting a mechanism for regulation of scavenger receptor activity in macrophages. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RBM39 | RNA binding motif protein 39|This gene encodes a member of the U2AF65 family of proteins. The encoded protein is found in the nucleus, where it co-localizes with core spliceosomal proteins. It has been shown to play a role in both steroid hormone receptor-mediated transcription and alternative splicing, and it is also a transcriptional coregulator of the viral oncoprotein v-Rel. Multiple transcript variants have been observed for this gene. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| RBM38 | RNA binding motif protein 38| |
| EPHB2 | EPH receptor B2|This gene encodes a member of the Eph receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinase transmembrane glycoproteins. These receptors are composed of an N-terminal glycosylated ligand-binding domain, a transmembrane region and an intracellular kinase domain. They bind ligands called ephrins and are involved in diverse cellular processes including motility, division, and differentiation. A distinguishing characteristic of Eph-ephrin signaling is that both receptors and ligands are competent to transduce a signaling cascade, resulting in bidirectional signaling. This protein belongs to a subgroup of the Eph receptors called EphB. Proteins of this subgroup are distinguished from other members of the family by sequence homology and preferential binding affinity for membrane-bound ephrin-B ligands. Allelic variants are associated with prostate and brain cancer susceptibility. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2015] |
| EPHB3 | EPH receptor B3|Ephrin receptors and their ligands, the ephrins, mediate numerous developmental processes, particularly in the nervous system. Based on their structures and sequence relationships, ephrins are divided into the ephrin-A (EFNA) class, which are anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, and the ephrin-B (EFNB) class, which are transmembrane proteins. The Eph family of receptors are divided into two groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands. Ephrin receptors make up the largest subgroup of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. This gene encodes a receptor for ephrin-B family members. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| EPHB1 | EPH receptor B1|Ephrin receptors and their ligands, the ephrins, mediate numerous developmental processes, particularly in the nervous system. Based on their structures and sequence relationships, ephrins are divided into the ephrin-A (EFNA) class, which are anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, and the ephrin-B (EFNB) class, which are transmembrane proteins. The Eph family of receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands. Ephrin receptors make up the largest subgroup of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for ephrin-B family members. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| POM121 | POM121 transmembrane nucleoporin|This gene encodes a transmembrane protein that localizes to the inner nuclear membrane and forms a core component of the nuclear pore complex, which mediates transport to and from the nucleus. The encoded protein may anchor this complex to the nuclear envelope. There are multiple related genes and pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes 5, 7, 15, and 22. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| PARP9 | poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 9| |
| SPANXN3 | SPANX family, member N3| |
| PARP4 | poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 4|This gene encodes poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase-like 1 protein, which is capable of catalyzing a poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reaction. This protein has a catalytic domain which is homologous to that of poly (ADP-ribosyl) transferase, but lacks an N-terminal DNA binding domain which activates the C-terminal catalytic domain of poly (ADP-ribosyl) transferase. Since this protein is not capable of binding DNA directly, its transferase activity may be activated by other factors such as protein-protein interaction mediated by the extensive carboxyl terminus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PARP6 | poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 6| |
| EPN1 | epsin 1|The protein encoded by this gene binds clathrin and is involved in the endocytosis of clathrin-coated vesicles. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| PARP1 | poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1|This gene encodes a chromatin-associated enzyme, poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase, which modifies various nuclear proteins by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. The modification is dependent on DNA and is involved in the regulation of various important cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and tumor transformation and also in the regulation of the molecular events involved in the recovery of cell from DNA damage. In addition, this enzyme may be the site of mutation in Fanconi anemia, and may participate in the pathophysiology of type I diabetes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EPN3 | epsin 3| |
| EPN2 | epsin 2|This gene encodes a protein which interacts with clathrin and adaptor-related protein complex 2, alpha 1 subunit. The protein is found in a brain-derived clathrin-coated vesicle fraction and localizes to the peri-Golgi region and the cell periphery. The protein is thought to be involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Alternate splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BTNL8 | butyrophilin-like 8| |
| BCCIP | BRCA2 and CDKN1A interacting protein|This gene product was isolated on the basis of its interaction with BRCA2 and p21 proteins. It is an evolutionarily conserved nuclear protein with multiple interacting domains. The N-terminal half shares moderate homology with regions of calmodulin and M-calpain, suggesting that it may also bind calcium. Functional studies indicate that this protein may be an important cofactor for BRCA2 in tumor suppression, and a modulator of CDK2 kinase activity via p21. This protein has also been implicated in the regulation of BRCA2 and RAD51 nuclear focus formation, double-strand break-induced homologous recombination, and cell cycle progression. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TP53INP1 | tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 1| |
| TP53INP2 | tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 2| |
| BTNL2 | butyrophilin-like 2| |
| ANG | angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5|The protein encoded by this gene is an exceedingly potent mediator of new blood vessel formation. It hydrolyzes cellular tRNAs resulting in decreased protein synthesis and is similar to pancreatic ribonuclease. In addition, the mature peptide has antimicrobial activity against some bacteria and fungi, including S. pneumoniae and C. albicans. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding the same protein. This gene and the gene that encodes ribonuclease, RNase A family, 4 share promoters and 5' exons. Each gene splices to a unique downstream exon that contains its complete coding region. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014] |
| ALDH4A1 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 family, member A1|This protein belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family of proteins. This enzyme is a mitochondrial matrix NAD-dependent dehydrogenase which catalyzes the second step of the proline degradation pathway, converting pyrroline-5-carboxylate to glutamate. Deficiency of this enzyme is associated with type II hyperprolinemia, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by accumulation of delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) and proline. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| AAMDC | adipogenesis associated, Mth938 domain containing| |
| MELK | maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase| |
| TIE1 | tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains 1|This gene encodes a member of the tyrosine protein kinase family. The encoded protein plays a critical role in angiogenesis and blood vessel stability by inhibiting angiopoietin 1 signaling through the endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2. Ectodomain cleavage of the encoded protein relieves inhibition of Tie2 and is mediated by multiple factors including vascular endothelial growth factor. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| FGF22 | fibroblast growth factor 22|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities and are involved in a variety of biological processes including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. The mouse homolog of this gene was found to be preferentially expressed in the inner root sheath of the hair follicle, which suggested a role in hair development. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| FGF23 | fibroblast growth factor 23|This gene encodes a member of the fibroblast growth factor family of proteins, which possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities and are involved in a variety of biological processes. The product of this gene regulates phosphate homeostasis and transport in the kidney. The full-length, functional protein may be deactivated via cleavage into N-terminal and C-terminal chains. Mutation of this cleavage site causes autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR). Mutations in this gene are also associated with hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis (HFTC). [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013] |
| FGF20 | fibroblast growth factor 20|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family. The fibroblast growth factors possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. This gene product is a secreted neurotrophic factor but lacks a typical signal peptide. It is expressed in normal brain, particularly the cerebellum, and may regulate central nervous system development and function. Homodimerization of this protein was shown to regulate its receptor binding activity and concentration gradient in the extracellular matrix. Genetic variations of this gene have been associated with Parkinson disease susceptibility. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| FGF21 | fibroblast growth factor 21|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities and are involved in a variety of biological processes including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. The function of this growth factor has not yet been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NADK | NAD kinase|NADK catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to NAD to generate NADP, which in its reduced form acts as an electron donor for biosynthetic reactions (Lerner et al., 2001 [PubMed 11594753]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| RASIP1 | Ras interacting protein 1| |
| XAGE3 | X antigen family, member 3|This gene is a member of the XAGE subfamily, which belongs to the GAGE family. The GAGE genes are expressed in a variety of tumors and in some fetal and reproductive tissues. This gene is expressed in placenta and fetal liver/spleen, and may function in inhibiting cancer cell growth. The protein encoded by this gene shares a sequence similarity with other GAGE/PAGE proteins. Because of the expression pattern and the sequence similarity, this protein also belongs to a family of CT (cancer-testis) antigens. Alternative splicing of this gene generates 2 transcript variants differing in the 5' UTR. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LAGE3 | L antigen family, member 3|This gene belongs to the ESO/LAGE gene family, members of which are clustered together on chromosome Xq28, and have similar exon-intron structures. Unlike the other family members which are normally expressed only in testis and activated in a wide range of human tumors, this gene is ubiquitously expressed in somatic tissues. The latter, combined with the finding that it is highly conserved in mouse and rat, suggests that the encoded protein is functionally important. An intronless pseudogene with high sequence similarity to this gene is located on chromosome 9. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACTC1 | actin, alpha, cardiac muscle 1|Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility. Polymerization of globular actin (G-actin) leads to a structural filament (F-actin) in the form of a two-stranded helix. Each actin can bind to four others. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the actin family which is comprised of three main groups of actin isoforms, alpha, beta, and gamma. The alpha actins are found in muscle tissues and are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. Defects in this gene have been associated with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) and familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DSN1 | DSN1, MIS12 kinetochore complex component|This gene encodes a kinetochore protein that functions as part of the minichromosome instability-12 centromere complex. The encoded protein is required for proper kinetochore assembly and progression through the cell cycle. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| ZNF34 | zinc finger protein 34| |
| ZNF35 | zinc finger protein 35| |
| ZNF32 | zinc finger protein 32| |
| ZNF30 | zinc finger protein 30| |
| SH3GL1 | SH3-domain GRB2-like 1|This gene encodes a member of the endophilin family of Src homology 3 domain-containing proteins. The encoded protein is involved in endocytosis and may also play a role in the cell cycle. Overexpression of this gene may play a role in leukemogenesis, and the encoded protein has been implicated in acute myeloid leukemia as a fusion partner of the myeloid-lymphoid leukemia protein. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on the long arm of chromosomes 11 and 17. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| SH3GL3 | SH3-domain GRB2-like 3| |
| SH3GL2 | SH3-domain GRB2-like 2| |
| SLC10A3 | solute carrier family 10, member 3|This gene maps to a GC-rich region of the X chromosome and was identified by its proximity to a CpG island. It is thought to be a housekeeping gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| NSMF | NMDA receptor synaptonuclear signaling and neuronal migration factor|The protein encoded by this gene is involved in guidance of olfactory axon projections and migration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurons. Defects in this gene are a cause of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| SLC10A1 | solute carrier family 10 (sodium/bile acid cotransporter), member 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the sodium/bile acid cotransporter family, which are integral membrane glycoproteins that participate in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. Two homologous transporters are involved in the reabsorption of bile acids; the ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter with an apical cell localization that absorbs bile acids from the intestinal lumen, bile duct and kidney, and the liver-specific sodium/bile acid cotransporter, represented by this protein, that is found in the basolateral membranes of hepatocytes. Bile acids are the catabolic product of cholesterol metabolism, hence this protein is important for cholesterol homeostasis. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| SLC10A6 | solute carrier family 10 (sodium/bile acid cotransporter), member 6| |
| SLC10A4 | solute carrier family 10, member 4| |
| ANKMY2 | ankyrin repeat and MYND domain containing 2| |
| ING1 | inhibitor of growth family, member 1|This gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein that can induce cell growth arrest and apoptosis. The encoded protein is a nuclear protein that physically interacts with the tumor suppressor protein TP53 and is a component of the p53 signaling pathway. Reduced expression and rearrangement of this gene have been detected in various cancers. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FHL2 | four and a half LIM domains 2|This gene encodes a member of the four-and-a-half-LIM-only protein family. Family members contain two highly conserved, tandemly arranged, zinc finger domains with four highly conserved cysteines binding a zinc atom in each zinc finger. This protein is thought to have a role in the assembly of extracellular membranes. Also, this gene is down-regulated during transformation of normal myoblasts to rhabdomyosarcoma cells and the encoded protein may function as a link between presenilin-2 and an intracellular signaling pathway. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| FHL3 | four and a half LIM domains 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of proteins containing a four-and-a-half LIM domain, which is a highly conserved double zinc finger motif. The encoded protein has been shown to interact with the cancer developmental regulators SMAD2, SMAD3, and SMAD4, the skeletal muscle myogenesis protein MyoD, and the high-affinity IgE beta chain regulator MZF-1. This protein may be involved in tumor suppression, repression of MyoD expression, and repression of IgE receptor expression. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| FHL1 | four and a half LIM domains 1|This gene encodes a member of the four-and-a-half-LIM-only protein family. Family members contain two highly conserved, tandemly arranged, zinc finger domains with four highly conserved cysteines binding a zinc atom in each zinc finger. Expression of these family members occurs in a cell- and tissue-specific mode and these proteins are involved in many cellular processes. Mutations in this gene have been found in patients with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Multiple alternately spliced transcript variants which encode different protein isoforms have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| ING2 | inhibitor of growth family, member 2|This gene is a member of the inhibitor of growth (ING) family. Members of the ING family associate with and modulate the activity of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) complexes and function in DNA repair and apoptosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| FHL5 | four and a half LIM domains 5|The protein encoded by this gene is coordinately expressed with activator of cAMP-responsive element modulator (CREM). It is associated with CREM and confers a powerful transcriptional activation function. CREM acts as a transcription factor essential for the differentiation of spermatids into mature spermatozoa. There are multiple polyadenylation sites found in this gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| POMC | proopiomelanocortin|This gene encodes a polypeptide hormone precursor that undergoes extensive, tissue-specific, post-translational processing via cleavage by subtilisin-like enzymes known as prohormone convertases. There are eight potential cleavage sites within the polypeptide precursor and, depending on tissue type and the available convertases, processing may yield as many as ten biologically active peptides involved in diverse cellular functions. The encoded protein is synthesized mainly in corticotroph cells of the anterior pituitary where four cleavage sites are used; adrenocorticotrophin, essential for normal steroidogenesis and the maintenance of normal adrenal weight, and lipotropin beta are the major end products. In other tissues, including the hypothalamus, placenta, and epithelium, all cleavage sites may be used, giving rise to peptides with roles in pain and energy homeostasis, melanocyte stimulation, and immune modulation. These include several distinct melanotropins, lipotropins, and endorphins that are contained within the adrenocorticotrophin and beta-lipotropin peptides. The antimicrobial melanotropin alpha peptide exhibits antibacterial and antifungal activity. Mutations in this gene have been associated with early onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency, and red hair pigmentation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| SFTPA2 | surfactant protein A2|This gene is one of several genes encoding pulmonary-surfactant associated proteins (SFTPA) located on chromosome 10. Mutations in this gene and a highly similar gene located nearby, which affect the highly conserved carbohydrate recognition domain, are associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The current version of the assembly displays only a single centromeric SFTPA gene pair rather than the two gene pairs shown in the previous assembly which were thought to have resulted from a duplication. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| FTH1 | ferritin, heavy polypeptide 1|This gene encodes the heavy subunit of ferritin, the major intracellular iron storage protein in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It is composed of 24 subunits of the heavy and light ferritin chains. Variation in ferritin subunit composition may affect the rates of iron uptake and release in different tissues. A major function of ferritin is the storage of iron in a soluble and nontoxic state. Defects in ferritin proteins are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. This gene has multiple pseudogenes. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UGGT2 | UDP-glucose glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 2|UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGT) is a soluble protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that selectively reglucosylates unfolded glycoproteins, thus providing quality control for protein transport out of the ER.[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009] |
| WDR19 | WD repeat domain 19|This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. This protein contains six WD repeats, a clathrin heavy-chain repeat, and three transmembrane domains. This gene is conserved from C. elegans to human. It may participate in androgen-regulated signaling mechanisms or in the vesicular trafficking of androgen-regulated secretory processes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported but the full-length nature of one of these variants has not been defined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UGGT1 | UDP-glucose glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1|UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGT) is a soluble protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that selectively reglucosylates unfolded glycoproteins, thus providing quality control for protein transport out of the ER.[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009] |
| BSPRY | B-box and SPRY domain containing| |
| ZNF248 | zinc finger protein 248| |
| ITPRIPL1 | inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor interacting protein-like 1| |
| WWC1 | WW and C2 domain containing 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytoplasmic phosphoprotein that interacts with PRKC-zeta and dynein light chain-1. Alleles of this gene have been found that enhance memory in some individuals. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| SFTPA1 | surfactant protein A1|This gene encodes a lung surfactant protein that is a member of a subfamily of C-type lectins called collectins. The encoded protein binds specific carbohydrate moieties found on lipids and on the surface of microorganisms. This protein plays an essential role in surfactant homeostasis and in the defense against respiratory pathogens. Mutations in this gene are associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| ALDH7A1 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family, member A1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of subfamily 7 in the aldehyde dehydrogenase gene family. These enzymes are thought to play a major role in the detoxification of aldehydes generated by alcohol metabolism and lipid peroxidation. This particular member has homology to a previously described protein from the green garden pea, the 26g pea turgor protein. It is also involved in lysine catabolism that is known to occur in the mitochondrial matrix. Recent reports show that this protein is found both in the cytosol and the mitochondria, and the two forms likely arise from the use of alternative translation initiation sites. An additional variant encoding a different isoform has also been found for this gene. Mutations in this gene are associated with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy. Several related pseudogenes have also been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| PAWR | PRKC, apoptosis, WT1, regulator|The tumor suppressor WT1 represses and activates transcription. The protein encoded by this gene is a WT1-interacting protein that itself functions as a transcriptional repressor. It contains a putative leucine zipper domain which interacts with the zinc finger DNA binding domain of WT1. This protein is specifically upregulated during apoptosis of prostate cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAD51D | RAD51 paralog D|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAD51 protein family. RAD51 family members are highly similar to bacterial RecA and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51, which are known to be involved in the homologous recombination and repair of DNA. This protein forms a complex with several other members of the RAD51 family, including RAD51L1, RAD51L2, and XRCC2. The protein complex formed with this protein has been shown to catalyze homologous pairing between single- and double-stranded DNA, and is thought to play a role in the early stage of recombinational repair of DNA. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the downstream ring finger and FYVE-like domain containing 1 (RFFL) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| RAD51C | RAD51 paralog C|This gene is a member of the RAD51 family. RAD51 family members are highly similar to bacterial RecA and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51 and are known to be involved in the homologous recombination and repair of DNA. This protein can interact with other RAD51 paralogs and is reported to be important for Holliday junction resolution. Mutations in this gene are associated with Fanconi anemia-like syndrome. This gene is one of four localized to a region of chromosome 17q23 where amplification occurs frequently in breast tumors. Overexpression of the four genes during amplification has been observed and suggests a possible role in tumor progression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| RAD51B | RAD51 paralog B|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAD51 protein family. RAD51 family members are evolutionarily conserved proteins essential for DNA repair by homologous recombination. This protein has been shown to form a stable heterodimer with the family member RAD51C, which further interacts with the other family members, such as RAD51, XRCC2, and XRCC3. Overexpression of this gene was found to cause cell cycle G1 delay and cell apoptosis, which suggested a role of this protein in sensing DNA damage. At least three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. Rearrangements between this locus and high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2, GeneID 8091) have been observed in uterine leiomyomata. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| CEP170B | centrosomal protein 170B| |
| CTDSPL2 | CTD (carboxy-terminal domain, RNA polymerase II, polypeptide A) small phosphatase like 2| |
| GAREML | GRB2 associated, regulator of MAPK1-like| |
| SAP25 | Sin3A-associated protein, 25kDa| |
| GATAD2B | GATA zinc finger domain containing 2B| |
| GATAD2A | GATA zinc finger domain containing 2A| |
| GPA33 | glycoprotein A33 (transmembrane)|The glycoprotein encoded by this gene is a cell surface antigen that is expressed in greater than 95% of human colon cancers. The open reading frame encodes a 319-amino acid polypeptide having a putative secretory signal sequence and 3 potential glycosylation sites. The predicted mature protein has a 213-amino acid extracellular region, a single transmembrane domain, and a 62-amino acid intracellular tail. The sequence of the extracellular region contains 2 domains characteristic of the CD2 subgroup of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LGI1 | leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1|This gene encodes a member of the secreted leucine-rich repeat (LRR) superfamily and shares homology with members of the SLIT protein family. The encoded protein may regulate the activity of voltage-gated potassium channels and may be involved in neuronal growth regulation and cell survival. This gene is rearranged as a result of translocations in glioblastoma cell lines, and it is frequently down-regulated or rearranged in malignant gliomas. Mutations in this gene result in autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| HMGXB3 | HMG box domain containing 3|This gene is one of the non-canonical high mobility group (HMG) genes. The encoded protein contains an HMG-box domain found in DNA binding proteins such as transcription factors and chromosomal proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| HMGXB4 | HMG box domain containing 4|High mobility group (HMG) proteins are nonhistone chromosomal proteins. See HMG2 (MIM 163906) for additional information on HMG proteins.[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| SLC30A2 | solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 2| |
| DIP2A | DIP2 disco-interacting protein 2 homolog A (Drosophila)|The protein encoded by this gene may be involved in axon patterning in the central nervous system. This gene is not highly expressed. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| DIP2B | DIP2 disco-interacting protein 2 homolog B (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a member of the disco-interacting protein homolog 2 protein family. The encoded protein contains a binding site for the transcriptional regulator DNA methyltransferase 1 associated protein 1 as well as AMP-binding sites. The presence of these sites suggests that the encoded protein may participate in DNA methylation. This gene is located near a folate-sensitive fragile site, and CGG-repeat expansion in the promoter of this gene which affects transcription has been detected in individuals containing this fragile site on chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| DIP2C | DIP2 disco-interacting protein 2 homolog C (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a member of the disco-interacting protein homolog 2 family. The protein shares strong similarity with a Drosophila protein which interacts with the transcription factor disco and is expressed in the nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| BAHD1 | bromo adjacent homology domain containing 1| |
| LAX1 | lymphocyte transmembrane adaptor 1| |
| SLCO3A1 | solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 3A1| |
| MYLPF | myosin light chain, phosphorylatable, fast skeletal muscle| |
| DCLRE1B | DNA cross-link repair 1B|DNA interstrand cross-links prevent strand separation, thereby physically blocking transcription, replication, and segregation of DNA. DCLRE1B is one of several evolutionarily conserved genes involved in repair of interstrand cross-links (Dronkert et al., 2000 [PubMed 10848582]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| DCLRE1C | DNA cross-link repair 1C|This gene encodes a nuclear protein that is involved in V(D)J recombination and DNA repair. The encoded protein has single-strand-specific 5'-3' exonuclease activity; it also exhibits endonuclease activity on 5' and 3' overhangs and hairpins. The protein also functions in the regulation of the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. Mutations in this gene can cause Athabascan-type severe combined immunodeficiency (SCIDA) and Omenn syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| YES1 | YES proto-oncogene 1, Src family tyrosine kinase|This gene is the cellular homolog of the Yamaguchi sarcoma virus oncogene. The encoded protein has tyrosine kinase activity and belongs to the src family of proteins. This gene lies in close proximity to thymidylate synthase gene on chromosome 18, and a corresponding pseudogene has been found on chromosome 22. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DCLRE1A | DNA cross-link repair 1A|This gene encodes a conserved protein that is involved in the repair of DNA interstrand cross-links. DNA cross-links suppress transcription, replication, and DNA segregation. The encoded protein is a regulator of the mitotic cell cycle checkpoint. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| DNA2 | DNA replication helicase/nuclease 2|This gene encodes a member of the DNA2/NAM7 helicase family. The encoded protein is a conserved helicase/nuclease involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA stability. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia-6 (PEOA6) and Seckel syndrome 8. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| ECT2 | epithelial cell transforming 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor and transforming protein that is related to Rho-specific exchange factors and yeast cell cycle regulators. The expression of this gene is elevated with the onset of DNA synthesis and remains elevated during G2 and M phases. In situ hybridization analysis showed that expression is at a high level in cells undergoing mitosis in regenerating liver. Thus, this protein is expressed in a cell cycle-dependent manner during liver regeneration, and is thought to have an important role in the regulation of cytokinesis. Several transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| STAM2 | signal transducing adaptor molecule (SH3 domain and ITAM motif) 2|The protein encoded by this gene is closely related to STAM, an adaptor protein involved in the downstream signaling of cytokine receptors, both of which contain a SH3 domain and the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). Similar to STAM, this protein acts downstream of JAK kinases, and is phosphorylated in response to cytokine stimulation. This protein and STAM thus are thought to exhibit compensatory effects on the signaling pathway downstream of JAK kinases upon cytokine stimulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIAA1244 | ARFGEF family member 3| |
| ZCCHC9 | zinc finger, CCHC domain containing 9| |
| ZCCHC8 | zinc finger, CCHC domain containing 8| |
| KCNS3 | potassium voltage-gated channel, modifier subfamily S, member 3|Voltage-gated potassium channels form the largest and most diversified class of ion channels and are present in both excitable and nonexcitable cells. Their main functions are associated with the regulation of the resting membrane potential and the control of the shape and frequency of action potentials. The alpha subunits are of 2 types: those that are functional by themselves and those that are electrically silent but capable of modulating the activity of specific functional alpha subunits. The protein encoded by this gene is not functional by itself but can form heteromultimers with member 1 and with member 2 (and possibly other members) of the Shab-related subfamily of potassium voltage-gated channel proteins. This gene belongs to the S subfamily of the potassium channel family. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| ZCCHC3 | zinc finger, CCHC domain containing 3| |
| ZCCHC2 | zinc finger, CCHC domain containing 2| |
| ZCCHC7 | zinc finger, CCHC domain containing 7| |
| ZCCHC6 | zinc finger, CCHC domain containing 6| |
| PDXDC2P | pyridoxal-dependent decarboxylase domain containing 2, pseudogene| |
| ZCCHC4 | zinc finger, CCHC domain containing 4| |
| RENBP | renin binding protein|The gene product inhibits renin activity by forming a dimer with renin, a complex known as high molecular weight renin. The encoded protein contains a leucine zipper domain, which is essential for its dimerization with renin. The gene product can catalyze the interconversion of N-acetylglucosamine to N-acetylmannosamine, indicating that it is a GlcNAc 2-epimerase. Transcript variants utilizing alternative promoters have been described in the literature. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C17orf62 | chromosome 17 open reading frame 62| |
| ARHGAP44 | Rho GTPase activating protein 44| |
| SPOP | speckle-type POZ protein|This gene encodes a protein that may modulate the transcriptional repression activities of death-associated protein 6 (DAXX), which interacts with histone deacetylase, core histones, and other histone-associated proteins. In mouse, the encoded protein binds to the putative leucine zipper domain of macroH2A1.2, a variant H2A histone that is enriched on inactivated X chromosomes. The BTB/POZ domain of this protein has been shown in other proteins to mediate transcriptional repression and to interact with components of histone deacetylase co-repressor complexes. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TBL1X | transducin (beta)-like 1X-linked|The protein encoded by this gene has sequence similarity with members of the WD40 repeat-containing protein family. The WD40 group is a large family of proteins, which appear to have a regulatory function. It is believed that the WD40 repeats mediate protein-protein interactions and members of the family are involved in signal transduction, RNA processing, gene regulation, vesicular trafficking, cytoskeletal assembly and may play a role in the control of cytotypic differentiation. This encoded protein is found as a subunit in corepressor SMRT (silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid receptors) complex along with histone deacetylase 3 protein. This gene is located adjacent to the ocular albinism gene and it is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of the ocular albinism with late-onset sensorineural deafness phenotype. Four transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. This gene is highly similar to the Y chromosome TBL1Y gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008] |
| SLCO2A1 | solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 2A1|This gene encodes a prostaglandin transporter that is a member of the 12-membrane-spanning superfamily of transporters. The encoded protein may be involved in mediating the uptake and clearance of prostaglandins in numerous tissues. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| CCDC90B | coiled-coil domain containing 90B| |
| TP53BP1 | tumor protein p53 binding protein 1| |
| TP53BP2 | tumor protein p53 binding protein 2|This gene encodes a member of the ASPP (apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53) family of p53 interacting proteins. The protein contains four ankyrin repeats and an SH3 domain involved in protein-protein interactions. It is localized to the perinuclear region of the cytoplasm, and regulates apoptosis and cell growth through interactions with other regulatory molecules including members of the p53 family. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| THTPA | thiamine triphosphatase|This gene encodes an enzyme which catalyzes the biosynthesis of thiamine disphophate (vitamin B1) by hydrolysis of thiamine triphosphate. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| KIAA0087 | KIAA0087| |
| ZNF804B | zinc finger protein 804B| |
| ARID3A | AT rich interactive domain 3A (BRIGHT-like)|This gene encodes a member of the ARID (AT-rich interaction domain) family of DNA binding proteins. It was found by homology to the Drosophila dead ringer gene, which is important for normal embryogenesis. Other ARID family members have roles in embryonic patterning, cell lineage gene regulation, cell cycle control, transcriptional regulation, and possibly in chromatin structure modification. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UPP2 | uridine phosphorylase 2| |
| UPP1 | uridine phosphorylase 1|The 2 known types of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylases, uridine phosphorylase (UP; EC 2.4.2.3) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP; EC 2.4.2.4), in the presence of orthophosphate, catalyze the reversible phosphorolysis of uridine and thymidine or deoxyuridine, respectively, to free bases and ribose-1-phosphate or deoxyribose-1-phosphate. Pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylases can add ribose or deoxyribose to pyrimidine bases to form nucleosides that can be incorporated into RNA or DNA (Watanabe and Uchida, 1995 [PubMed 7488099]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2009] |
| ARID3B | AT rich interactive domain 3B (BRIGHT-like)|This gene encodes a member of the ARID (AT-rich interaction domain) family of DNA-binding proteins. The encoded protein is homologous with two proteins that bind to the retinoblastoma gene product, and also with the mouse Bright and Drosophila dead ringer proteins. A pseudogene on chromosome 1p31 exists for this gene. Members of the ARID family have roles in embryonic patterning, cell lineage gene regulation, cell cycle control, transcriptional regulation and possibly in chromatin structure modification. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C6orf136 | chromosome 6 open reading frame 136| |
| FAM9B | family with sequence similarity 9, member B|This gene is a member of a gene family which arose through duplication on the X chromosome. The encoded protein may be localized to the nucleus as the protein contains several nuclear localization signals, and has similarity to a synaptonemal complex protein. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| CASQ2 | calsequestrin 2 (cardiac muscle)|The protein encoded by this gene specifies the cardiac muscle family member of the calsequestrin family. Calsequestrin is localized to the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac and slow skeletal muscle cells. The protein is a calcium binding protein that stores calcium for muscle function. Mutations in this gene cause stress-induced polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, also referred to as catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia 2 (CPVT2), a disease characterized by bidirectional ventricular tachycardia that may lead to cardiac arrest. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| INA | internexin neuronal intermediate filament protein, alpha|Neurofilaments are type IV intermediate filament heteropolymers composed of light, medium, and heavy chains. Neurofilaments comprise the axoskeleton and they functionally maintain the neuronal caliber. They may also play a role in intracellular transport to axons and dendrites. This gene is a member of the intermediate filament family and is involved in the morphogenesis of neurons. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| ECHDC1 | ethylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase 1| |
| WDR83OS | WD repeat domain 83 opposite strand| |
| ADPRHL1 | ADP-ribosylhydrolase like 1|ADP-ribosylation is a reversible posttranslational modification used to regulate protein function. ADP-ribosyltransferases (see ART1; MIM 601625) transfer ADP-ribose from NAD+ to the target protein, and ADP-ribosylhydrolases, such as ADPRHL1, reverse the reaction (Glowacki et al., 2002 [PubMed 12070318]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ADPRHL2 | ADP-ribosylhydrolase like 2|This gene encodes a member of the ADP-ribosylglycohydrolase family. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the removal of ADP-ribose from ADP-ribosylated proteins. This enzyme localizes to the mitochondria, in addition to the nucleus and cytoplasm.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| ACP5 | acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant|This gene encodes an iron containing glycoprotein which catalyzes the conversion of orthophosphoric monoester to alcohol and orthophosphate. It is the most basic of the acid phosphatases and is the only form not inhibited by L(+)-tartrate. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| DARS | aspartyl-tRNA synthetase|This gene encodes a member of a multienzyme complex that functions in mediating the attachment of amino acids to their cognate tRNAs. The encoded protein ligates L-aspartate to tRNA(Asp). Mutations in this gene have been found in patients showing hypomyelination with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and leg spasticity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| LYPLA1 | lysophospholipase I|This gene encodes a member of the alpha/beta hydrolase superfamily. The encoded protein functions as a homodimer, exhibiting both depalmitoylating as well as lysophospholipase activity, and may be involved in Ras localization and signaling. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene have been defined on chromosomes 4, 6, and 7. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| LYPLA2 | lysophospholipase II|Lysophospholipases are enzymes that act on biological membranes to regulate the multifunctional lysophospholipids. There are alternatively spliced transcript variants described for this gene but the full length nature is not known yet. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MC2R | melanocortin 2 receptor (adrenocorticotropic hormone)|MC2R encodes one member of the five-member G-protein associated melanocortin receptor family. Melanocortins (melanocyte-stimulating hormones and adrenocorticotropic hormone) are peptides derived from pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). MC2R is selectively activated by adrenocorticotropic hormone, whereas the other four melanocortin receptors recognize a variety of melanocortin ligands. Mutations in MC2R can result in familial glucocorticoid deficiency. Alternate transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| GLRX2 | glutaredoxin 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the glutaredoxin family of proteins, which maintain cellular thiol homeostasis. These proteins are thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases that use a glutathione-binding site and one or two active cysteines in their active site. This gene undergoes alternative splicing to produce multiple isoforms, one of which is ubiquitously expressed and localizes to mitochondria, where it functions in mitochondrial redox homeostasis and is important for the protection against and recovery from oxidative stress. Other isoforms, which have more restrictive expression patterns, show cytosolic and nuclear localization, and are thought to function in cellular differentiation and transformation, possibly with a role in tumor progression. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| GLRX3 | glutaredoxin 3|This gene encodes a member of the glutaredoxin family. Glutaredoxins are oxidoreductase enzymes that reduce a variety of substrates using glutathione as a cofactor. The encoded protein binds to and modulates the function of protein kinase C theta. The encoded protein may also inhibit apoptosis and play a role in cellular growth, and the expression of this gene may be a marker for cancer. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on the short arm of chromosomes 6 and 9. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| PIH1D2 | PIH1 domain containing 2| |
| CACNA2D2 | calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha 2/delta subunit 2|Calcium channels mediate the entry of calcium ions into the cell upon membrane polarization. This gene encodes the alpha-2/delta subunit of the voltage-dependent calcium channel complex. The complex consists of the main channel-forming subunit alpha-1, and auxiliary subunits alpha-2/delta, beta, and gamma. The auxiliary subunits function in the assembly and membrane localization of the complex, and modulate calcium currents and channel activation/inactivation kinetics. The subunit encoded by this gene undergoes post-translational cleavage to yield the extracellular alpha2 peptide and a membrane-anchored delta polypeptide. This subunit is a receptor for the antiepileptic drug, gabapentin. Mutations in this gene are associated with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene are correlated with increased sensitivity to opioid drugs. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| PIH1D1 | PIH1 domain containing 1| |
| SPG7 | spastic paraplegia 7 (pure and complicated autosomal recessive)|This gene encodes a mitochondrial metalloprotease protein that is a member of the AAA family. Members of this protein family share an ATPase domain and have roles in diverse cellular processes including membrane trafficking, intracellular motility, organelle biogenesis, protein folding, and proteolysis. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia 7. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| EVC2 | Ellis van Creveld syndrome 2|This gene encodes a protein that functions in bone formation and skeletal development. Mutations in this gene, as well as in a neighboring gene that lies in a head-to-head configuration, cause Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, an autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia that is also known as chondroectodermal dysplasia. Mutations in this gene also cause acrofacial dysostosis Weyers type, also referred to as Curry-Hall syndrome, a disease that combines limb and facial abnormalities. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| S100A11 | S100 calcium binding protein A11|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein may function in motility, invasion, and tubulin polymerization. Chromosomal rearrangements and altered expression of this gene have been implicated in tumor metastasis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| S100A10 | S100 calcium binding protein A10|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein may function in exocytosis and endocytosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| S100A13 | S100 calcium binding protein A13|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein is widely expressed in various types of tissues with a high expression level in thyroid gland. In smooth muscle cells, this protein co-expresses with other family members in the nucleus and in stress fibers, suggesting diverse functions in signal transduction. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| S100A12 | S100 calcium binding protein A12|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein is proposed to be involved in specific calcium-dependent signal transduction pathways and its regulatory effect on cytoskeletal components may modulate various neutrophil activities. The protein includes an antimicrobial peptide which has antibacterial activity. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| S100A14 | S100 calcium binding protein A14|This gene encodes a member of the S100 protein family which contains an EF-hand motif and binds calcium. The gene is located in a cluster of S100 genes on chromosome 1. Levels of the encoded protein have been found to be lower in cancerous tissue and associated with metastasis suggesting a tumor suppressor function (PMID: 19956863, 19351828). [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| PHYHIP | phytanoyl-CoA 2-hydroxylase interacting protein| |
| S100A16 | S100 calcium binding protein A16| |
| C19orf40 | chromosome 19 open reading frame 40|FAAP24 is a component of the Fanconi anemia (FA) core complex (see MIM 227650), which plays a crucial role in DNA damage response (Ciccia et al., 2007 [PubMed 17289582]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| L3HYPDH | L-3-hydroxyproline dehydratase (trans-)| |
| C19orf43 | chromosome 19 open reading frame 43| |
| C19orf44 | chromosome 19 open reading frame 44| |
| C19orf45 | chromosome 19 open reading frame 45| |
| C19orf47 | chromosome 19 open reading frame 47| |
| STUB1 | STIP1 homology and U-box containing protein 1, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This gene encodes a protein containing tetratricopeptide repeat and a U-box that functions as a ubiquitin ligase/cochaperone. The encoded protein binds to and ubiquitinates shock cognate 71 kDa protein (Hspa8) and DNA polymerase beta (Polb), among other targets. Mutations in this gene cause spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 16. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| DRD1 | dopamine receptor D1|This gene encodes the D1 subtype of the dopamine receptor. The D1 subtype is the most abundant dopamine receptor in the central nervous system. This G-protein coupled receptor stimulates adenylyl cyclase and activates cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases. D1 receptors regulate neuronal growth and development, mediate some behavioral responses, and modulate dopamine receptor D2-mediated events. Alternate transcription initiation sites result in two transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GRK4 | G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4|This gene encodes a member of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor kinase subfamily of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. The protein phosphorylates the activated forms of G protein-coupled receptors thus initiating its deactivation. This gene has been linked to both genetic and acquired hypertension. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| GRK5 | G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5|This gene encodes a member of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor kinase subfamily of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. The protein phosphorylates the activated forms of G protein-coupled receptors thus initiating their deactivation. It has also been shown to play a role in regulating the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CYBRD1 | cytochrome b reductase 1|This gene is a member of the cytochrome b(561) family that encodes an iron-regulated protein. It highly expressed in the duodenal brush border membrane. It has ferric reductase activity and is believed to play a physiological role in dietary iron absorption. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CAPN7 | calpain 7|Calpains are ubiquitous, well-conserved family of calcium-dependent, cysteine proteases. The calpain proteins are heterodimers consisting of an invariant small subunit and variable large subunits. The large subunit possesses a cysteine protease domain, and both subunits possess calcium-binding domains. Calpains have been implicated in neurodegenerative processes, as their activation can be triggered by calcium influx and oxidative stress. The function of the protein encoded by this gene is not known. An orthologue has been found in mouse but it seems to diverge from other family members. The mouse orthologue is thought to be calcium independent with protease activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CAPN6 | calpain 6|Calpains are ubiquitous, well-conserved family of calcium-dependent, cysteine proteases. The calpain proteins are heterodimers consisting of an invariant small subunit and variable large subunits. The large subunit possesses a cysteine protease domain, and both subunits possess calcium-binding domains. Calpains have been implicated in neurodegenerative processes, as their activation can be triggered by calcium influx and oxidative stress. The protein encoded by this gene is highly expressed in the placenta. Its C-terminal region lacks any homology to the calmodulin-like domain of other calpains. The protein lacks critical active site residues and thus is suggested to be proteolytically inactive. The protein may play a role in tumor formation by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting angiogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| CAPN5 | calpain 5|Calpains are calcium-dependent cysteine proteases involved in signal transduction in a variety of cellular processes. A functional calpain protein consists of an invariant small subunit and 1 of a family of large subunits. CAPN5 is one of the large subunits. Unlike some of the calpains, CAPN5 and CAPN6 lack a calmodulin-like domain IV. Because of the significant similarity to Caenorhabditis elegans sex determination gene tra-3, CAPN5 is also called as HTRA3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CAPN3 | calpain 3, (p94)|Calpain, a heterodimer consisting of a large and a small subunit, is a major intracellular protease, although its function has not been well established. This gene encodes a muscle-specific member of the calpain large subunit family that specifically binds to titin. Mutations in this gene are associated with limb-girdle muscular dystrophies type 2A. Alternate promoters and alternative splicing result in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms and some variants are ubiquitously expressed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CEMP1 | cementum protein 1| |
| CAPN1 | calpain 1, (mu/I) large subunit|The calpains, calcium-activated neutral proteases, are nonlysosomal, intracellular cysteine proteases. The mammalian calpains include ubiquitous, stomach-specific, and muscle-specific proteins. The ubiquitous enzymes consist of heterodimers with distinct large, catalytic subunits associated with a common small, regulatory subunit. This gene encodes the large subunit of the ubiquitous enzyme, calpain 1. Several transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| NOD1 | nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1|This gene encodes a member of the NOD (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain) family. This member is a cytosolic protein. It contains an N-terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD), a centrally located nucleotide-binding domain (NBD), and 10 tandem leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) in its C terminus. The CARD is involved in apoptotic signaling, LRRs participate in protein-protein interactions, and mutations in the NBD may affect the process of oligomerization and subsequent function of the LRR domain. This protein is an intracellular pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) that initiates inflammation in response to a subset of bacteria through the detection of bacterial diaminopimelic acid. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants differring in the 5' UTR have been described, but the full-length nature of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| DLEU1 | deleted in lymphocytic leukemia 1 (non-protein coding)| |
| NECAB3 | N-terminal EF-hand calcium binding protein 3|The protein encoded by this gene interacts with the amino-terminal domain of the neuron-specific X11-like protein (X11L), inhibits the association of X11L with amyloid precursor protein through a non-competitive mechanism, and abolishes the suppression of beta-amyloid production by X11L. This protein, together with X11L, may play an important role in the regulatory system of amyloid precursor protein metabolism and beta-amyloid generation. The protein is phosphorylated by NIMA-related expressed kinase 2, and localizes to the Golgi apparatus. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CTAG1A | cancer/testis antigen 1A|CTAG1A is an identical copy of the CTAG1B gene (MIM 300156) (Aradhya et al., 2001 [PubMed 11709543]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| NECAB1 | N-terminal EF-hand calcium binding protein 1| |
| SEPT12 | septin 12|This gene encodes a guanine-nucleotide binding protein and member of the septin family of cytoskeletal GTPases. Septins play important roles in cytokinesis, exocytosis, embryonic development, and membrane dynamics. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| SPAG8 | sperm associated antigen 8|The correlation of anti-sperm antibodies with cases of unexplained infertility implicates a role for these antibodies in blocking fertilization. Improved diagnosis and treatment of immunologic infertility, as well as identification of proteins for targeted contraception, are dependent on the identification and characterization of relevant sperm antigens. The protein encoded by this gene is recognized by sperm agglutinating antibodies from an infertile woman. This protein is localized in germ cells of the testis at all stages of spermatogenesis and is localized to the acrosomal region of mature spermatozoa. This protein interacts with ACT (activator of CREM in testis) and may play a role in CREM (cAMP response element modulator)-ACT-mediated gene transcription during spermatogenesis. This protein may also play a role in spermatogenesis by regulating microtubule formation and cell division. Alternatively spliced variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described but the full-length sequences of only two have been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| SPAG9 | sperm associated antigen 9|This gene encodes a member of the cancer testis antigen gene family. The encoded protein functions as a scaffold protein that structurally organizes mitogen-activated protein kinases and mediates c-Jun-terminal kinase signaling. This protein also binds to kinesin-1 and may be involved in microtubule-based membrane transport. This protein may play a role in tumor growth and development. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| SPAG6 | sperm associated antigen 6|The correlation of anti-sperm antibodies with cases of unexplained infertility implicates a role for these antibodies in blocking fertilization. Improved diagnosis and treatment of immunologic infertility, as well as identification of proteins for targeted contraception, are dependent on the identification and characterization of relevant sperm antigens. The protein expressed by this gene is recognized by anti-sperm antibodies from an infertile man. This protein localizes to the tail of permeabilized human sperm and contains eight contiguous armadillo repeats, a motif known to mediate protein-protein interactions. Studies in mice suggest that this protein is involved in sperm flagellar motility and maintenance of the structural integrity of mature sperm. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| PRRC2B | proline-rich coiled-coil 2B| |
| P4HB | prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide|This gene encodes the beta subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase, a highly abundant multifunctional enzyme that belongs to the protein disulfide isomerase family. When present as a tetramer consisting of two alpha and two beta subunits, this enzyme is involved in hydroxylation of prolyl residues in preprocollagen. This enzyme is also a disulfide isomerase containing two thioredoxin domains that catalyze the formation, breakage and rearrangement of disulfide bonds. Other known functions include its ability to act as a chaperone that inhibits aggregation of misfolded proteins in a concentration-dependent manner, its ability to bind thyroid hormone, its role in both the influx and efflux of S-nitrosothiol-bound nitric oxide, and its function as a subunit of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DGAT2L7P | diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2-like 7, pseudogene| |
| TBX5 | T-box 5|This gene is a member of a phylogenetically conserved family of genes that share a common DNA-binding domain, the T-box. T-box genes encode transcription factors involved in the regulation of developmental processes. This gene is closely linked to related family member T-box 3 (ulnar mammary syndrome) on human chromosome 12. The encoded protein may play a role in heart development and specification of limb identity. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Holt-Oram syndrome, a developmental disorder affecting the heart and upper limbs. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPAG1 | sperm associated antigen 1|The correlation of anti-sperm antibodies with cases of unexplained infertility implicates a role for these antibodies in blocking fertilization. Improved diagnosis and treatment of immunologic infertility, as well as identification of proteins for targeted contraception, are dependent on the identification and characterization of relevant sperm antigens. The protein expressed by this gene is recognized by anti-sperm agglutinating antibodies from an infertile woman. Furthermore, immunization of female rats with the recombinant human protein reduced fertility. This protein localizes to the plasma membrane of germ cells in the testis and to the post-acrosomal plasma membrane of mature spermatozoa. Recombinant polypeptide binds GTP and exhibits GTPase activity. Thus, this protein may regulate GTP signal transduction pathways involved in spermatogenesis and fertilization. Two transcript variants of this gene encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KLHL6 | kelch-like family member 6| |
| KLHL7 | kelch-like family member 7|This gene encodes a BTB-Kelch-related protein. The encoded protein may be involved in protein degradation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with retinitis pigmentosa 42. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| KLHL4 | kelch-like family member 4|This gene encodes a member of the kelch family of proteins, which are characterized by kelch repeat motifs and a POZ/BTB protein-binding domain. It is thought that kelch repeats are actin binding domains. However, the specific function of this protein has not been determined. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KLHL5 | kelch-like family member 5| |
| KLHL2 | kelch-like family member 2| |
| KLHL3 | kelch-like family member 3|This gene is ubiquitously expressed and encodes a full-length protein which has an N-terminal BTB domain followed by a BACK domain and six kelch-like repeats in the C-terminus. These kelch-like repeats promote substrate ubiquitination of bound proteins via interaction of the BTB domain with the CUL3 (cullin 3) component of a cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL) complex. Muatations in this gene cause pseudohypoaldosteronism type IID (PHA2D); a rare Mendelian syndrome featuring hypertension, hyperkalaemia and metabolic acidosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012] |
| KLHL1 | kelch-like family member 1|The KLHL1 protein belongs to a family of actin-organizing proteins related to Drosophila Kelch (Nemes et al., 2000 [PubMed 10888605]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2010] |
| CD300LD | CD300 molecule-like family member d| |
| KLHL8 | kelch-like family member 8| |
| KLHL9 | kelch-like family member 9| |
| CAB39L | calcium binding protein 39-like| |
| FUT11 | fucosyltransferase 11 (alpha (1,3) fucosyltransferase)| |
| FUT10 | fucosyltransferase 10 (alpha (1,3) fucosyltransferase)| |
| CIRH1A | cirrhosis, autosomal recessive 1A (cirhin)|This gene encodes a WD40-repeat-containing protein that is localized to the nucleolus. Mutation of this gene causes North American Indian childhood cirrhosis, a severe intrahepatic cholestasis that results in transient neonatal jaundice, and progresses to periportal fibrosis and cirrhosis in childhood and adolescence. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM109A | family with sequence similarity 109, member A|This gene encodes a protein that localizes to the endosome and interacts with the enzyme, inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase OCRL-1. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| DYRK3 | dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 3|This gene product belongs to the DYRK family of dual-specificity protein kinases that catalyze autophosphorylation on serine/threonine and tyrosine residues. The members of this family share structural similarity, however, differ in their substrate specificity, suggesting their involvement in different cellular functions. The encoded protein has been shown to autophosphorylate on tyrosine residue and catalyze phosphorylation of histones H3 and H2B in vitro. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DYRK2 | dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 2|DYRK2 belongs to a family of protein kinases whose members are presumed to be involved in cellular growth and/or development. The family is defined by structural similarity of their kinase domains and their capability to autophosphorylate on tyrosine residues. DYRK2 has demonstrated tyrosine autophosphorylation and catalyzed phosphorylation of histones H3 and H2B in vitro. Two isoforms of DYRK2 have been isolated. The predominant isoform, isoform 1, lacks a 5' terminal insert. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KDELR2 | KDEL (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu) endoplasmic reticulum protein retention receptor 2|Retention of resident soluble proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is achieved in both yeast and animal cells by their continual retrieval from the cis-Golgi, or a pre-Golgi compartment. Sorting of these proteins is dependent on a C-terminal tetrapeptide signal, usually lys-asp-glu-leu (KDEL) in animal cells, and his-asp-glu-leu (HDEL) in S. cerevisiae. This process is mediated by a receptor that recognizes, and binds the tetrapeptide-containing protein, and returns it to the ER. In yeast, the sorting receptor encoded by a single gene, ERD2, is a seven-transmembrane protein. Unlike yeast, several human homologs of the ERD2 gene, constituting the KDEL receptor gene family, have been described. KDELR2 was the second member of the family to be identified, and it encodes a protein which is 83% identical to the KDELR1 gene product. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KDELR3 | KDEL (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu) endoplasmic reticulum protein retention receptor 3|This gene encodes a member of the KDEL endoplasmic reticulum protein retention receptor family. Retention of resident soluble proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is achieved in both yeast and animal cells by their continual retrieval from the cis-Golgi, or a pre-Golgi compartment. Sorting of these proteins is dependent on a C-terminal tetrapeptide signal, usually lys-asp-glu-leu (KDEL) in animal cells, and his-asp-glu-leu (HDEL) in S. cerevisiae. This process is mediated by a receptor that recognizes, and binds the tetrapeptide-containing protein, and returns it to the ER. In yeast, the sorting receptor encoded by a single gene, ERD2, is a seven-transmembrane protein. Unlike yeast, several human homologs of the ERD2 gene, constituting the KDEL receptor gene family, have been described. KDELR3 was the third member of the family to be identified. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| KDELR1 | KDEL (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu) endoplasmic reticulum protein retention receptor 1|Retention of resident soluble proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is achieved in both yeast and animal cells by their continual retrieval from the cis-Golgi, or a pre-Golgi compartment. Sorting of these proteins is dependent on a C-terminal tetrapeptide signal, usually lys-asp-glu-leu (KDEL) in animal cells, and his-asp-glu-leu (HDEL) in S. cerevisiae. This process is mediated by a receptor that recognizes, and binds the tetrapeptide-containing protein, and returns it to the ER. In yeast, the sorting receptor encoded by a single gene, ERD2, which is a seven-transmembrane protein. Unlike yeast, several human homologs of the ERD2 gene, constituting the KDEL receptor gene family, have been described. The protein encoded by this gene was the first member of the family to be identified, and it encodes a protein structurally and functionally similar to the yeast ERD2 gene product. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MLH3 | mutL homolog 3|This gene is a member of the MutL-homolog (MLH) family of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. MLH genes are implicated in maintaining genomic integrity during DNA replication and after meiotic recombination. The protein encoded by this gene functions as a heterodimer with other family members. Somatic mutations in this gene frequently occur in tumors exhibiting microsatellite instability, and germline mutations have been linked to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer type 7 (HNPCC7). Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified, but the full-length nature of only two transcript variants has been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RSPH10B2 | radial spoke head 10 homolog B2 (Chlamydomonas)| |
| HIRIP3 | HIRA interacting protein 3|The HIRA protein shares sequence similarity with Hir1p and Hir2p, the two corepressors of histone gene transcription characterized in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The structural features of the HIRA protein suggest that it may function as part of a multiprotein complex. Several cDNAs encoding HIRA-interacting proteins, or HIRIPs, have been identified. In vitro, the protein encoded by this gene binds HIRA, as well as H2B and H3 core histones, indicating that a complex containing HIRA-HIRIP3 could function in some aspects of chromatin and histone metabolism. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| PCMTD2 | protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase domain containing 2| |
| RBPMS2 | RNA binding protein with multiple splicing 2| |
| HBG2 | hemoglobin, gamma G|The gamma globin genes (HBG1 and HBG2) are normally expressed in the fetal liver, spleen and bone marrow. Two gamma chains together with two alpha chains constitute fetal hemoglobin (HbF) which is normally replaced by adult hemoglobin (HbA) at birth. In some beta-thalassemias and related conditions, gamma chain production continues into adulthood. The two types of gamma chains differ at residue 136 where glycine is found in the G-gamma product (HBG2) and alanine is found in the A-gamma product (HBG1). The former is predominant at birth. The order of the genes in the beta-globin cluster is: 5'- epsilon -- gamma-G -- gamma-A -- delta -- beta--3'. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ST14 | suppression of tumorigenicity 14 (colon carcinoma)|The protein encoded by this gene is an epithelial-derived, integral membrane serine protease. This protease forms a complex with the Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor, HAI-1, and is found to be activated by sphingosine 1-phosphate. This protease has been shown to cleave and activate hepatocyte growth factor/scattering factor, and urokinase plasminogen activator, which suggest the function of this protease as an epithelial membrane activator for other proteases and latent growth factors. The expression of this protease has been associated with breast, colon, prostate, and ovarian tumors, which implicates its role in cancer invasion, and metastasis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PCMTD1 | protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase domain containing 1| |
| ST13 | suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (colon carcinoma) (Hsp70 interacting protein)|The protein encoded by this gene is an adaptor protein that mediates the association of the heat shock proteins HSP70 and HSP90. This protein has been shown to be involved in the assembly process of glucocorticoid receptor, which requires the assistance of multiple molecular chaperones. The expression of this gene is reported to be downregulated in colorectal carcinoma tissue suggesting that it is a candidate tumor suppressor gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| AANAT | aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the acetyltransferase superfamily. It is the penultimate enzyme in melatonin synthesis and controls the night/day rhythm in melatonin production in the vertebrate pineal gland. Melatonin is essential for the function of the circadian clock that influences activity and sleep. This enzyme is regulated by cAMP-dependent phosphorylation that promotes its interaction with 14-3-3 proteins and thus protects the enzyme against proteasomal degradation. This gene may contribute to numerous genetic diseases such as delayed sleep phase syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| ST18 | suppression of tumorigenicity 18, zinc finger| |
| GLS | glutaminase|This gene encodes the K-type mitochondrial glutaminase. The encoded protein is an phosphate-activated amidohydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutamine to glutamate and ammonia. This protein is primarily expressed in the brain and kidney plays an essential role in generating energy for metabolism, synthesizing the brain neurotransmitter glutamate and maintaining acid-base balance in the kidney. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| CDV3 | CDV3 homolog (mouse)| |
| DDX51 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 51| |
| TCTN2 | tectonic family member 2|This gene encodes a type I membrane protein that belongs to the tectonic family. Studies in mice suggest that this protein may be involved in hedgehog signaling, and essential for ciliogenesis. Mutations in this gene are associated with Meckel syndrome type 8. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| TCTN3 | tectonic family member 3|This gene encodes a member of the tectonic gene family which functions in Hedgehog signal transduction and development of the neural tube. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Orofaciodigital Syndrome IV and Joubert Syndrom 18. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012] |
| NKAPL | NFKB activating protein-like| |
| TNXB | tenascin XB|This gene encodes a member of the tenascin family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins. The tenascins have anti-adhesive effects, as opposed to fibronectin which is adhesive. This protein is thought to function in matrix maturation during wound healing, and its deficiency has been associated with the connective tissue disorder Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. This gene localizes to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region on chromosome 6. It is one of four genes in this cluster which have been duplicated. The duplicated copy of this gene is incomplete and is a pseudogene which is transcribed but does not encode a protein. The structure of this gene is unusual in that it overlaps the CREBL1 and CYP21A2 genes at its 5' and 3' ends, respectively. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SOHLH2 | spermatogenesis and oogenesis specific basic helix-loop-helix 2|This gene encodes one of testis-specific transcription factors which are essential for spermatogenesis, oogenesis and folliculogenesis. This gene is located on chromosome 13. The proteins encoded by this gene and another testis-specific transcription factor, SOHLH1, can form heterodimers, in addition to homodimers. There is a read-through locus (GeneID: 100526761) that shares sequence identity with this gene and the upstream CCDC169 (GeneID: 728591). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| GRAMD3 | GRAM domain containing 3| |
| TXLNG | taxilin gamma|This gene encodes a member of the taxilin family. The encoded protein binds to the C-terminal coiled-coil region of syntaxin family members 1A, 3A and 4A, and may play a role in intracellular vesicle trafficking. This gene is up-regulated by lipopolysaccharide and the gene product may be involved in cell cycle regulation. The related mouse protein was also shown to inhibit activating transcription factor 4-mediated transcription and thus regulate bone mass accrual. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| FATE1 | fetal and adult testis expressed 1|This gene encodes a cancer-testis antigen that is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinomas and other tumors and weakly expressed in normal tissues except testis. The protein is strongly expressed in spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules. This protein may have a role in the control of early testicular differentiation and cell proliferation. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| PCTP | phosphatidylcholine transfer protein| |
| EML3 | echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 3| |
| GRAMD4 | GRAM domain containing 4|GRAMD4 is a mitochondrial effector of E2F1 (MIM 189971)-induced apoptosis (Stanelle et al., 2005 [PubMed 15565177]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2011] |
| PRDM14 | PR domain containing 14|This gene encodes a member of the PRDI-BF1 and RIZ homology domain containing (PRDM) family of transcriptional regulators. The encoded protein may possess histone methyltransferase activity and plays a critical role in cell pluripotency by suppressing the expression of differentiation marker genes. Expression of this gene may play a role in breast cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| DCUN1D1 | DCN1, defective in cullin neddylation 1, domain containing 1| |
| HSD17B3 | hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 3|This isoform of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is expressed predominantly in the testis and catalyzes the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone. It preferentially uses NADP as cofactor. Deficiency can result in male pseudohermaphroditism with gynecomastia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC5A2 | solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 2|This gene encodes a member of the sodium glucose cotransporter family which are sodium-dependent glucose transport proteins. The encoded protein is the major cotransporter involved in glucose reabsorption in the kidney. Mutations in this gene are associated with renal glucosuria. Two transcript variants, one protein-coding and one not, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| DCHS1 | dachsous cadherin-related 1|This gene is a member of the cadherin superfamily whose members encode calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules. The encoded protein has a signal peptide, 27 cadherin repeat domains and a unique cytoplasmic region. This particular cadherin family member is expressed in fibroblasts but not in melanocytes or keratinocytes. The cell-cell adhesion of fibroblasts is thought to be necessary for wound healing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRAPPC3L | trafficking protein particle complex 3-like| |
| XRN2 | 5'-3' exoribonuclease 2|This gene shares similarity with the mouse Dhm1 and the yeast dhp1 gene. The yeast gene is involved in homologous recombination and RNA metabolism, such as RNA synthesis and RNA trafficking. Complementation studies show that Dhm1 has a similar function in mouse as dhp1. The function of the human gene has not yet been determined. Transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene; however, their full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TLL1 | tolloid-like 1|This gene encodes an astacin-like, zinc-dependent, metalloprotease that belongs to the peptidase M12A family. This protease processes procollagen C-propeptides, such as chordin, pro-biglycan and pro-lysyl oxidase. Studies in mice suggest that this gene plays multiple roles in the development of mammalian heart, and is essential for the formation of the interventricular septum. Allelic variants of this gene are associated with atrial septal defect type 6. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| SERPINB10 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 10|The superfamily of high molecular weight serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins) regulate a diverse set of intracellular and extracellular processes such as complement activation, fibrinolysis, coagulation, cellular differentiation, tumor suppression, apoptosis, and cell migration. Serpins are characterized by a well-conserved tertiary structure that consists of 3 beta sheets and 8 or 9 alpha helices (Huber and Carrell, 1989 [PubMed 2690952]). A critical portion of the molecule, the reactive center loop connects beta sheets A and C. Protease inhibitor-10 (PI10; SERPINB10) is a member of the ov-serpin subfamily, which, relative to the archetypal serpin PI1 (MIM 107400), is characterized by a high degree of homology to chicken ovalbumin, lack of N- and C-terminal extensions, absence of a signal peptide, and a serine rather than an asparagine residue at the penultimate position (summary by Bartuski et al., 1997 [PubMed 9268635]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2010] |
| SERPINB13 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 13| |
| SERPINB12 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 12| |
| CMA1 | chymase 1, mast cell|This gene encodes a chymotryptic serine proteinase that belongs to the peptidase family S1. It is expressed in mast cells and is thought to function in the degradation of the extracellular matrix, the regulation of submucosal gland secretion, and the generation of vasoactive peptides. In the heart and blood vessels, this protein, rather than angiotensin converting enzyme, is largely responsible for converting angiotensin I to the vasoactive peptide angiotensin II. Alternative splicing results in multiple variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| NCOA1 | nuclear receptor coactivator 1|The protein encoded by this gene acts as a transcriptional coactivator for steroid and nuclear hormone receptors. It is a member of the p160/steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) family and like other family members has histone acetyltransferase activity and contains a nuclear localization signal, as well as bHLH and PAS domains. The product of this gene binds nuclear receptors directly and stimulates the transcriptional activities in a hormone-dependent fashion. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLEC | plectin|Plectin is a prominent member of an important family of structurally and in part functionally related proteins, termed plakins or cytolinkers, that are capable of interlinking different elements of the cytoskeleton. Plakins, with their multi-domain structure and enormous size, not only play crucial roles in maintaining cell and tissue integrity and orchestrating dynamic changes in cytoarchitecture and cell shape, but also serve as scaffolding platforms for the assembly, positioning, and regulation of signaling complexes (reviewed in PMID: 9701547, 11854008, and 17499243). Plectin is expressed as several protein isoforms in a wide range of cell types and tissues from a single gene located on chromosome 8 in humans (PMID: 8633055, 8698233). Until 2010, this locus was named plectin 1 (symbol PLEC1 in human; Plec1 in mouse and rat) and the gene product had been referred to as "hemidesmosomal protein 1" or "plectin 1, intermediate filament binding 500kDa". These names were superseded by plectin. The plectin gene locus in mouse on chromosome 15 has been analyzed in detail (PMID: 10556294, 14559777), revealing a genomic exon-intron organization with well over 40 exons spanning over 62 kb and an unusual 5' transcript complexity of plectin isoforms. Eleven exons (1-1j) have been identified that alternatively splice directly into a common exon 2 which is the first exon to encode plectin's highly conserved actin binding domain (ABD). Three additional exons (-1, 0a, and 0) splice into an alternative first coding exon (1c), and two additional exons (2alpha and 3alpha) are optionally spliced within the exons encoding the acting binding domain (exons 2-8). Analysis of the human locus has identified eight of the eleven alternative 5' exons found in mouse and rat (PMID: 14672974); exons 1i, 1j and 1h have not been confirmed in human. Furthermore, isoforms lacking the central rod domain encoded by exon 31 have been detected in mouse (PMID:10556294), rat (PMID: 9177781), and human (PMID: 11441066, 10780662, 20052759). The short alternative amino-terminal sequences encoded by the different first exons direct the targeting of the various isoforms to distinct subcellular locations (PMID: 14559777). As the expression of specific plectin isoforms was found to be dependent on cell type (tissue) and stage of development (PMID: 10556294, 12542521, 17389230) it appears that each cell type (tissue) contains a unique set (proportion and composition) of plectin isoforms, as if custom-made for specific requirements of the particular cells. Concordantly, individual isoforms were found to carry out distinct and specific functions (PMID: 14559777, 12542521, 18541706). In 1996, a number of groups reported that patients suffering from epidermolysis bullosa simplex with muscular dystrophy (EBS-MD) lacked plectin expression in skin and muscle tissues due to defects in the plectin gene (PMID: 8698233, 8941634, 8636409, 8894687, 8696340). Two other subtypes of plectin-related EBS have been described: EBS-pyloric atresia (PA) and EBS-Ogna. For reviews of plectin-related diseases see PMID: 15810881, 19945614. Mutations in the plectin gene related to human diseases should be named based on the position in NM_000445 (variant 1, isoform 1c), unless the mutation is located within one of the other alternative first exons, in which case the position in the respective Reference Sequence should be used. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| TXLNA | taxilin alpha| |
| NELL1 | NEL-like 1 (chicken)|This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein that contains epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats. The encoded heterotrimeric protein may be involved in cell growth regulation and differentiation. A similar protein in rodents is involved in craniosynostosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| NELL2 | NEL-like 2 (chicken)|The protein encoded by this gene is a glycoprotein containing several von Willebrand factor C domains and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains. The encoded protein acts as a homotrimer and is found in the cytoplasm. Several variants encoding a few different isoforms exist, and at least one isoform appears to be a secreted protein. Studies in mouse suggest that this protein plays a role in neural cell growth and differentiation as well as in oncogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| ZNF658B | zinc finger protein 658B, pseudogene| |
| BSCL2 | Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy 2 (seipin)|This gene encodes the multi-pass transmembrane protein protein seipin. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and may be important for lipid droplet morphology. Mutations in this gene have been associated with congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2 or Berardinelli-Seip syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by a near absence of adipose tissue and severe insulin resistance. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Naturally occurring read-through transcription occurs between this locus and the neighboring locus HNRNPUL2 (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U-like 2).[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| LTK | leukocyte receptor tyrosine kinase|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ros/insulin receptor family of tyrosine kinases. Tyrosine-specific phosphorylation of proteins is a key to the control of diverse pathways leading to cell growth and differentiation. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| GOT1L1 | glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1-like 1| |
| POMGNT1 | protein O-linked mannose N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (beta 1,2-)|This gene encodes a type II transmembrane protein that resides in the Golgi apparatus. It participates in O-mannosyl glycosylation and is specific for alpha linked terminal mannose. Mutations in this gene may be associated with muscle-eye-brain disease and several congenital muscular dystrophies. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| NWD1 | NACHT and WD repeat domain containing 1| |
| KDM5A | lysine (K)-specific demethylase 5A|This gene encodes a member of the Jumonji, AT-rich interactive domain 1 (JARID1) histone demethylase protein family. The encoded protein plays a role in gene regulation through the histone code by specifically demethylating lysine 4 of histone H3. The encoded protein interacts with many other proteins, including retinoblastoma protein, and is implicated in the transcriptional regulation of Hox genes and cytokines. This gene may play a role in tumor progression. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| PRDM12 | PR domain containing 12| |
| SPOCK2 | sparc/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domains proteoglycan (testican) 2|This gene encodes a protein which binds with glycosaminoglycans to form part of the extracellular matrix. The protein contains thyroglobulin type-1, follistatin-like, and calcium-binding domains, and has glycosaminoglycan attachment sites in the acidic C-terminal region. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| SPOCK3 | sparc/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domains proteoglycan (testican) 3|This gene encodes a member of a novel family of calcium-binding proteoglycan proteins that contain thyroglobulin type-1 and Kazal-like domains. The encoded protein and may play a role in adult T-cell leukemia by inhibiting the activity of membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| PDE4DIP | phosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein|The protein encoded by this gene serves to anchor phosphodiesterase 4D to the Golgi/centrosome region of the cell. Defects in this gene may be a cause of myeloproliferative disorder (MBD) associated with eosinophilia. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| CLDN12 | claudin 12|This gene encodes a member of the claudin family. Claudins are integral membrane proteins and components of tight junction strands. Tight junction strands serve as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space between epithelial or endothelial cell sheets, and also play critical roles in maintaining cell polarity and signal transductions. This gene is expressed in the inner ear and bladder epithelium, and it is over-expressed in colorectal carcinomas. This protein and claudin 2 are critical for vitamin D-dependent Ca2+ absorption between enterocytes. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| CLDN10 | claudin 10|This gene encodes a member of the claudin family. Claudins are integral membrane proteins and components of tight junction strands. Tight junction strands serve as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space between epithelial or endothelial cell sheets, and also play critical roles in maintaining cell polarity and signal transductions. The expression level of this gene is associated with recurrence of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Six alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been reported, but the transcript sequences of some variants are not determined.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| PTX3 | pentraxin 3, long| |
| CLDN16 | claudin 16|Tight junctions represent one mode of cell-to-cell adhesion in epithelial or endothelial cell sheets, forming continuous seals around cells and serving as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space. These junctions are comprised of sets of continuous networking strands in the outwardly facing cytoplasmic leaflet, with complementary grooves in the inwardly facing extracytoplasmic leaflet. The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the claudin family, is an integral membrane protein and a component of tight junction strands. It is found primarily in the kidneys, specifically in the thick ascending limb of Henle, where it acts as either an intercellular pore or ion concentration sensor to regulate the paracellular resorption of magnesium ions. Defects in this gene are a cause of primary hypomagnesemia, which is characterized by massive renal magnesium wasting with hypomagnesemia and hypercalciuria, resulting in nephrocalcinosis and renal failure. This gene and the CLDN1 gene are clustered on chromosome 3q28. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| BTN3A3 | butyrophilin, subfamily 3, member A3|The butyrophilin (BTN) genes are a group of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-associated genes that encode type I membrane proteins with 2 extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig) domains and an intracellular B30.2 (PRYSPRY) domain. Three subfamilies of human BTN genes are located in the MHC class I region: the single-copy BTN1A1 gene (MIM 601610) and the BTN2 (e.g., BTN2A1; MIM 613590) and BTN3 (e.g., BNT3A3) genes, which have undergone tandem duplication, resulting in 3 copies of each (summary by Smith et al., 2010 [PubMed 20208008]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| FNBP4 | formin binding protein 4| |
| CLDN18 | claudin 18|This gene encodes a member of the claudin family. Claudins are integral membrane proteins and components of tight junction strands. Tight junction strands serve as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space between epithelial or endothelial cell sheets, and also play critical roles in maintaining cell polarity and signal transductions. This gene is upregulated in patients with ulcerative colitis and highly overexpressed in infiltrating ductal adenocarcinomas. PKC/MAPK/AP-1 (protein kinase C/mitogen-activated protein kinase/activator protein-1) dependent pathway regulates the expression of this gene in gastric cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| CLDN19 | claudin 19|The product of this gene belongs to the claudin family. It plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. Defects in this gene are the cause of hypomagnesemia renal with ocular involvement (HOMGO). HOMGO is a progressive renal disease characterized by primary renal magnesium wasting with hypomagnesemia, hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis associated with severe ocular abnormalities such as bilateral chorioretinal scars, macular colobomata, significant myopia and nystagmus. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| APOOL | apolipoprotein O-like|This gene encodes a protein which contains an apolipoprotein O superfamily domain. This domain is found on proteins in circulating lipoprotein complexes. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| WIPF2 | WAS/WASL interacting protein family, member 2|This gene encodes a WASP interacting protein (WIP)-related protein. It has been shown that this protein has a role in the WASP-mediated organization of the actin cytoskeleton and that this protein is a potential link between the activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor and the actin polymerization machinery. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TENM2 | teneurin transmembrane protein 2| |
| TENM1 | teneurin transmembrane protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the tenascin family and teneurin subfamily. It is expressed in the neurons and may function as a cellular signal transducer. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| PRDM13 | PR domain containing 13| |
| TENM4 | teneurin transmembrane protein 4| |
| GAD1 | glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67kDa)|This gene encodes one of several forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase, identified as a major autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes. The enzyme encoded is responsible for catalyzing the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid from L-glutamic acid. A pathogenic role for this enzyme has been identified in the human pancreas since it has been identified as an autoantigen and an autoreactive T cell target in insulin-dependent diabetes. This gene may also play a role in the stiff man syndrome. Deficiency in this enzyme has been shown to lead to pyridoxine dependency with seizures. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two products, the predominant 67-kD form and a less-frequent 25-kD form. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GAD2 | glutamate decarboxylase 2 (pancreatic islets and brain, 65kDa)|This gene encodes one of several forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase, identified as a major autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes. The enzyme encoded is responsible for catalyzing the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid from L-glutamic acid. A pathogenic role for this enzyme has been identified in the human pancreas since it has been identified as an autoantibody and an autoreactive T cell target in insulin-dependent diabetes. This gene may also play a role in the stiff man syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| ZNF747 | zinc finger protein 747| |
| ZNF746 | zinc finger protein 746| |
| ZNF740 | zinc finger protein 740| |
| LCE3D | late cornified envelope 3D| |
| TIAM1 | T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1| |
| LCE3A | late cornified envelope 3A| |
| ZNF749 | zinc finger protein 749| |
| ODF3L2 | outer dense fiber of sperm tails 3-like 2| |
| PHIP | pleckstrin homology domain interacting protein|PHIP binds the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1; MIM 147545), modulates insulin signaling, and plays a role in pancreatic beta cell growth and survival (Farhang-Fallah et al., 2000 [PubMed 11018022]; Podcheko et al., 2007 [PubMed 17636024]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009] |
| AGTRAP | angiotensin II receptor-associated protein|This gene encodes a transmembrane protein localized to the plasma membrane and perinuclear vesicular structures. The gene product interacts with the angiotensin II type I receptor and negatively regulates angiotensin II signaling. Alternative splicing of this gene generates multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DNHD1 | dynein heavy chain domain 1| |
| PABPC3 | poly(A) binding protein, cytoplasmic 3|Messenger RNA stability and translation initiation are extensively under the control of poly(A)-binding proteins (PABP). See PABPC1 (MIM 604679) for background information.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002] |
| CCDC71L | coiled-coil domain containing 71-like| |
| PORCN | porcupine homolog (Drosophila)|This gene belongs to the evolutionarily conserved porcupine (Porc) gene family. Genes of the porcupine family encode endoplasmic reticulum proteins with multiple transmembrane domains. Porcupine proteins are involved in the processing of Wnt (wingless and int homologue) proteins. Disruption of this gene is associated with focal dermal hypoplasia, and the encoded protein has been implicated in cancer. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| DDB2 | damage-specific DNA binding protein 2, 48kDa|This gene encodes a protein that is necessary for the repair of ultraviolet light-damaged DNA. This protein is the smaller subunit of a heterodimeric protein complex that participates in nucleotide excision repair, and this complex mediates the ubiquitylation of histones H3 and H4, which facilitates the cellular response to DNA damage. This subunit appears to be required for DNA binding. Mutations in this gene cause xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group E, a recessive disease that is characterized by an increased sensitivity to UV light and a high predisposition for skin cancer development, in some cases accompanied by neurological abnormalities. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| MPV17L2 | MPV17 mitochondrial membrane protein-like 2| |
| SYNE1 | spectrin repeat containing, nuclear envelope 1|This gene encodes a spectrin repeat containing protein expressed in skeletal and smooth muscle, and peripheral blood lymphocytes, that localizes to the nuclear membrane. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 8, also referred to as autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia type 1 or recessive ataxia of Beauce. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SYNE2 | spectrin repeat containing, nuclear envelope 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear outer membrane protein that binds cytoplasmic F-actin. This binding tethers the nucleus to the cytoskeleton and aids in the maintenance of the structural integrity of the nucleus. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| TNFRSF13B | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 13B|The protein encoded by this gene is a lymphocyte-specific member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. It interacts with calcium-modulator and cyclophilin ligand (CAML). The protein induces activation of the transcription factors NFAT, AP1, and NF-kappa-B and plays a crucial role in humoral immunity by interacting with a TNF ligand. This gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TNFRSF13C | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 13C|B cell-activating factor (BAFF) enhances B-cell survival in vitro and is a regulator of the peripheral B-cell population. Overexpression of Baff in mice results in mature B-cell hyperplasia and symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Also, some SLE patients have increased levels of BAFF in serum. Therefore, it has been proposed that abnormally high levels of BAFF may contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by enhancing the survival of autoreactive B cells. The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for BAFF and is a type III transmembrane protein containing a single extracellular cysteine-rich domain. It is thought that this receptor is the principal receptor required for BAFF-mediated mature B-cell survival. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C18orf54 | chromosome 18 open reading frame 54| |
| YTHDC1 | YTH domain containing 1| |
| YTHDC2 | YTH domain containing 2| |
| ZCRB1 | zinc finger CCHC-type and RNA binding motif 1|Pre-mRNA splicing is catalyzed by the spliceosome. U12-type spliceosome binds U12-type pre-mRNAs and recognizes the 5' splice site and branch-point sequence. U11 and U12 snRNPs are components of U12-type spliceosome and function as a molecular bridge connecting both ends of the intron. The protein encoded by this gene contains a RNA recognition motif. It was identified as one of the protein components of U11/U12 snRNPs. This protein and many other U11/U12 snRNP proteins are highly conserved in organisms known to contain U12-type introns. These proteins have been shown to be essential for cell viability, suggesting the key roles in U12-type splicing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF527 | zinc finger protein 527| |
| ZNF526 | zinc finger protein 526| |
| ZNF524 | zinc finger protein 524| |
| ZNF529 | zinc finger protein 529| |
| ZNF528 | zinc finger protein 528| |
| JRK | Jrk homolog (mouse)|This gene encodes a conserved protein that is similar to DNA-binding proteins, such as major centromere autoantigen B (CENPB). Inactivation of the related gene in mice resulted in epileptic seizures. Childhood Absence Epilepsy (CAE) has been mapped to the same chromosomal location (8q24.3) as this gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| RGL2 | ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 2| |
| ARHGEF28 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 28|This gene encodes a member of the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor family. The encoded protein interacts with low molecular weight neurofilament mRNA and may be involved in the formation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis neurofilament aggregates. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| RNF144B | ring finger protein 144B| |
| RNF144A | ring finger protein 144A|The protein encoded by this protein contains a RING finger, a motif known to be involved in protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions. The mouse counterpart of this protein has been shown to interact with Ube2l3/UbcM4, which is an ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme involved in embryonic development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STEAP1 | six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1|This gene is predominantly expressed in prostate tissue, and is found to be upregulated in multiple cancer cell lines. The gene product is predicted to be a six-transmembrane protein, and was shown to be a cell surface antigen significantly expressed at cell-cell junctions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CATSPER1 | cation channel, sperm associated 1|Calcium ions play a primary role in the regulation of sperm motility. This gene belongs to a family of putative cation channels that are specific to spermatozoa and localize to the flagellum. The protein family features a single repeat with six membrane-spanning segments and a predicted calcium-selective pore region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STEAP3 | STEAP family member 3, metalloreductase| |
| STEAP2 | STEAP family member 2, metalloreductase|This gene is a member of the STEAP family and encodes a multi-pass membrane protein that localizes to the Golgi complex, the plasma membrane, and the vesicular tubular structures in the cytosol. A highly similar protein in mouse has both ferrireductase and cupric reductase activity, and stimulates the cellular uptake of both iron and copper in vitro. Increased transcriptional expression of the human gene is associated with prostate cancer progression. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ARHGEF25 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 25|Rho GTPases alternate between an inactive GDP-bound state and an active GTP-bound state, and GEFs facilitate GDP/GTP exchange. This gene encodes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) which interacts with Rho GTPases involved in contraction of vascular smooth muscles, regulation of responses to angiotensin II and lens cell differentiation. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| STEAP4 | STEAP family member 4|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the STEAP (six transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate) family, and resides in the golgi apparatus. It functions as a metalloreductase that has the ability to reduce both Fe(3+) to Fe(2+) and Cu(2+) to Cu(1+), using NAD(+) as acceptor. Studies in mice and human suggest that this gene maybe involved in adipocyte development and metabolism, and may contribute to the normal biology of the prostate cell, as well as prostate cancer progression. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011] |
| ARHGEF26 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 26|This gene encodes a member of the Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factor (Rho-GEF) family. These proteins regulate Rho GTPases by catalyzing the exchange of GDP for GTP. The encoded protein specifically activates RhoG and plays a role in the promotion of macropinocytosis. Underexpression of the encoded protein may be a predictive marker of chemoresistant disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| ABI1 | abl-interactor 1|This gene encodes a member of the Abelson-interactor family of adaptor proteins. These proteins facilitate signal transduction as components of several multiprotein complexes, and regulate actin polymerization and cytoskeletal remodeling through interactions with Abelson tyrosine kinases. The encoded protein plays a role in macropinocytosis as a component of the WAVE2 complex, and also forms a complex with EPS8 and SOS1 that mediates signal transduction from Ras to Rac. This gene may play a role in the progression of several malignancies including melanoma, colon cancer and breast cancer, and a t(10;11) chromosomal translocation involving this gene and the MLL gene has been associated with acute myeloid leukemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 14. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| RBFOX1 | RNA binding protein, fox-1 homolog (C. elegans) 1|The Fox-1 family of RNA-binding proteins is evolutionarily conserved, and regulates tissue-specific alternative splicing in metazoa. Fox-1 recognizes a (U)GCAUG stretch in regulated exons or in flanking introns. The protein binds to the C-terminus of ataxin-2 and may contribute to the restricted pathology of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2). Ataxin-2 is the product of the SCA2 gene which causes familial neurodegenerative diseases. Fox-1 and ataxin-2 are both localized in the trans-Golgi network. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| BCL11A | B-cell CLL/lymphoma 11A (zinc finger protein)|This gene encodes a C2H2 type zinc-finger protein by its similarity to the mouse Bcl11a/Evi9 protein. The corresponding mouse gene is a common site of retroviral integration in myeloid leukemia, and may function as a leukemia disease gene, in part, through its interaction with BCL6. During hematopoietic cell differentiation, this gene is down-regulated. It is possibly involved in lymphoma pathogenesis since translocations associated with B-cell malignancies also deregulates its expression. Multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BCL11B | B-cell CLL/lymphoma 11B (zinc finger protein)|This gene encodes a C2H2-type zinc finger protein and is closely related to BCL11A, a gene whose translocation may be associated with B-cell malignancies. Although the specific function of this gene has not been determined, the encoded protein is known to be a transcriptional repressor, and is regulated by the NURD nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase complex. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| VPS11 | vacuolar protein sorting 11 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|Vesicle mediated protein sorting plays an important role in segregation of intracellular molecules into distinct organelles. Genetic studies in yeast have identified more than 40 vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) genes involved in vesicle transport to vacuoles. This gene encodes the human homolog of yeast class C Vps11 protein. The mammalian class C Vps proteins are predominantly associated with late endosomes/lysosomes, and like their yeast counterparts, may mediate vesicle trafficking steps in the endosome/lysosome pathway. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| GNB2L1 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 2-like 1| |
| DSCAM | Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule|This gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules (Ig-CAMs), and is involved in human central and peripheral nervous system development. This gene is a candidate for Down syndrome and congenital heart disease (DSCHD). A gene encoding a similar Ig-CAM protein is located on chromosome 11. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| YAE1D1 | Yae1 domain containing 1| |
| UBASH3A | ubiquitin associated and SH3 domain containing A|This gene encodes one of two family members belonging to the T-cell ubiquitin ligand (TULA) family. Both family members can negatively regulate T-cell signaling. This family member can facilitate growth factor withdrawal-induced apoptosis in T cells, which may occur via its interaction with AIF, an apoptosis-inducing factor. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| GCLM | glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit|Glutamate-cysteine ligase, also known as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, is the first rate limiting enzyme of glutathione synthesis. The enzyme consists of two subunits, a heavy catalytic subunit and a light regulatory subunit. Gamma glutamylcysteine synthetase deficiency has been implicated in some forms of hemolytic anemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| AVL9 | AVL9 homolog (S. cerevisiase)| |
| GRHL1 | grainyhead-like 1 (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a member of the grainyhead family of transcription factors. The encoded protein can exist as a homodimer or can form heterodimers with sister-of-mammalian grainyhead or brother-of-mammalian grainyhead. This protein functions as a transcription factor during development. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| GRHL2 | grainyhead-like 2 (Drosophila)|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that can act as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with either GRHL1 or GRHL3. Defects in this gene are a cause of non-syndromic sensorineural deafness autosomal dominant type 28 (DFNA28).[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| GRHL3 | grainyhead-like 3 (Drosophila)|This gene encodes a member of the grainyhead family of transcription factors. The encoded protein may function as a transcription factor during development, and has been shown to stimulate migration of endothelial cells. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| UBQLN2 | ubiquilin 2|This gene encodes an ubiquitin-like protein (ubiquilin) that shares high degree of similarity with related products in yeast, rat and frog. Ubiquilins contain a N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain and a C-terminal ubiquitin-associated domain. They physically associate with both proteasomes and ubiquitin ligases; and thus, are thought to functionally link the ubiquitination machinery to the proteasome to affect in vivo protein degradation. This ubiquilin has also been shown to bind the ATPase domain of the Hsp70-like Stch protein. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| UBQLN1 | ubiquilin 1|This gene encodes an ubiquitin-like protein (ubiquilin) that shares a high degree of similarity with related products in yeast, rat and frog. Ubiquilins contain an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain and a C-terminal ubiquitin-associated domain. They physically associate with both proteasomes and ubiquitin ligases, and thus are thought to functionally link the ubiquitination machinery to the proteasome to affect in vivo protein degradation. This ubiquilin has also been shown to modulate accumulation of presenilin proteins, and it is found in lesions associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GCLC | glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit|Glutamate-cysteine ligase, also known as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase is the first rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione synthesis. The enzyme consists of two subunits, a heavy catalytic subunit and a light regulatory subunit. This locus encodes the catalytic subunit, while the regulatory subunit is derived from a different gene located on chromosome 1p22-p21. Mutations at this locus have been associated with hemolytic anemia due to deficiency of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and susceptibility to myocardial infarction.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| UBQLN4 | ubiquilin 4| |
| C1GALT1 | core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1|The protein encoded by this gene generates the common core 1 O-glycan structure, Gal-beta-1-3GalNAc-R, by the transfer of Gal from UDP-Gal to GalNAc-alpha-1-R. Core 1 is a precursor for many extended mucin-type O-glycans on cell surface and secreted glycoproteins. Studies in mice suggest that this gene plays a key role in thrombopoiesis and kidney homeostasis.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| OSMR | oncostatin M receptor|This gene encodes a member of the type I cytokine receptor family. The encoded protein heterodimerizes with interleukin 6 signal transducer to form the type II oncostatin M receptor and with interleukin 31 receptor A to form the interleukin 31 receptor, and thus transduces oncostatin M and interleukin 31 induced signaling events. Mutations in this gene have been associated with familial primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| CEP44 | centrosomal protein 44kDa| |
| BIVM | basic, immunoglobulin-like variable motif containing| |
| DAPK3 | death-associated protein kinase 3|Death-associated protein kinase 3 (DAPK3) induces morphological changes in apoptosis when overexpressed in mammalian cells. These results suggest that DAPK3 may play a role in the induction of apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DAPK2 | death-associated protein kinase 2|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family. This protein contains a N-terminal protein kinase domain followed by a conserved calmodulin-binding domain with significant similarity to that of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1), a positive regulator of programmed cell death. Overexpression of this gene was shown to induce cell apoptosis. It uses multiple polyadenylation sites. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DAPK1 | death-associated protein kinase 1|Death-associated protein kinase 1 is a positive mediator of gamma-interferon induced programmed cell death. DAPK1 encodes a structurally unique 160-kD calmodulin dependent serine-threonine kinase that carries 8 ankyrin repeats and 2 putative P-loop consensus sites. It is a tumor suppressor candidate. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| ULK2 | unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 2|This gene encodes a protein that is similar to a serine/threonine kinase in C. elegans which is involved in axonal elongation. The structure of this protein is similar to the C. elegans protein in that both proteins have an N-terminal kinase domain, a central proline/serine rich (PS) domain, and a C-terminal (C) domain. The gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| DPY19L1 | dpy-19-like 1 (C. elegans)| |
| RFXANK | regulatory factor X-associated ankyrin-containing protein|Major histocompatibility (MHC) class II molecules are transmembrane proteins that have a central role in development and control of the immune system. The protein encoded by this gene, along with regulatory factor X-associated protein and regulatory factor-5, forms a complex that binds to the X box motif of certain MHC class II gene promoters and activates their transcription. Once bound to the promoter, this complex associates with the non-DNA-binding factor MHC class II transactivator, which controls the cell type specificity and inducibility of MHC class II gene expression. This protein contains ankyrin repeats involved in protein-protein interactions. Mutations in this gene have been linked to bare lymphocyte syndrome type II, complementation group B. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| DPY19L3 | dpy-19-like 3 (C. elegans)| |
| DPY19L4 | dpy-19-like 4 (C. elegans)| |
| PIM3 | Pim-3 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Ser/Thr protein kinase family, and PIM subfamily. This gene is overexpressed in hematological and epithelial tumors and is associated with MYC coexpression. It plays a role in the regulation of signal transduction cascades, contributing to both cell proliferation and survival, and provides a selective advantage in tumorigenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| ULK4 | unc-51 like kinase 4| |
| PIM1 | Pim-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Ser/Thr protein kinase family, and PIM subfamily. This gene is expressed primarily in B-lymphoid and myeloid cell lines, and is overexpressed in hematopoietic malignancies and in prostate cancer. It plays a role in signal transduction in blood cells, contributing to both cell proliferation and survival, and thus provides a selective advantage in tumorigenesis. Both the human and orthologous mouse genes have been reported to encode two isoforms (with preferential cellular localization) resulting from the use of alternative in-frame translation initiation codons, the upstream non-AUG (CUG) and downstream AUG codons (PMIDs:16186805, 1825810).[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| ZFPL1 | zinc finger protein-like 1| |
| IL18R1 | interleukin 18 receptor 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine receptor that belongs to the interleukin 1 receptor family. This receptor specifically binds interleukin 18 (IL18), and is essential for IL18 mediated signal transduction. IFN-alpha and IL12 are reported to induce the expression of this receptor in NK and T cells. This gene along with four other members of the interleukin 1 receptor family, including IL1R2, IL1R1, ILRL2 (IL-1Rrp2), and IL1RL1 (T1/ST2), form a gene cluster on chromosome 2q. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| ADRA1D | adrenoceptor alpha 1D|Alpha-1-adrenergic receptors (alpha-1-ARs) are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. They activate mitogenic responses and regulate growth and proliferation of many cells. There are 3 alpha-1-AR subtypes: alpha-1A, -1B and -1D, all of which signal through the Gq/11 family of G-proteins and different subtypes show different patterns of activation. This gene encodes alpha-1D-adrenergic receptor. Similar to alpha-1B-adrenergic receptor gene, this gene comprises 2 exons and a single intron that interrupts the coding region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TNF | tumor necrosis factor|This gene encodes a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. This cytokine is mainly secreted by macrophages. It can bind to, and thus functions through its receptors TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. This cytokine is involved in the regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation. This cytokine has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance, and cancer. Knockout studies in mice also suggested the neuroprotective function of this cytokine. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SSX4B | synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint 4B|The product of this gene belongs to the family of highly homologous synovial sarcoma X (SSX) breakpoint proteins. These proteins may function as transcriptional repressors. They are also capable of eliciting spontaneously humoral and cellular immune responses in cancer patients, and are potentially useful targets in cancer vaccine-based immunotherapy. SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 genes have been involved in the t(X;18) translocation characteristically found in all synovial sarcomas. This translocation results in the fusion of the synovial sarcoma translocation gene on chromosome 18 to one of the SSX genes on chromosome X. Chromosome Xp11 contains a segmental duplication resulting in two identical copies of synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint 4, SSX4 and SSX4B, in tail-to-tail orientation. This gene, SSX4B, represents the more centromeric copy. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MYNN | myoneurin|This gene encodes a member of the BTB/POZ and zinc finger domain-containing protein family that are involved in the control of gene expression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants and a pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 14. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| TNN | tenascin N| |
| RTN4RL2 | reticulon 4 receptor-like 2| |
| TRAP1 | TNF receptor-associated protein 1|This gene encodes a mitochondrial chaperone protein that is member of the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) family. The encoded protein has ATPase activity and interacts with tumor necrosis factor type I. This protein may function in regulating cellular stress responses. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| TMEM39B | transmembrane protein 39B| |
| TMEM39A | transmembrane protein 39A| |
| HOGA1 | 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase 1|The authors of PMID:20797690 cloned this gene while searching for genes in a region of chromosome 10 linked to primary hyperoxalurea type III. They noted that even though the encoded protein has been described as a mitochondrial dihydrodipicolinate synthase-like enzyme, it shares little homology with E. coli dihydrodipicolinate synthase (Dhdps), particularly in the putative substrate-binding region. Moreover, neither lysine biosynthesis nor sialic acid metabolism, for which Dhdps is responsible, occurs in vertebrate mitochondria. They propose that this gene encodes mitochondrial 4-hydroxyl-2-oxoglutarate aldolase (EC 4.1.3.16), which catalyzes the final step in the metabolic pathway of hydroxyproline, releasing glyoxylate and pyruvate. This gene is predominantly expressed in the liver and kidney, and mutations in this gene are found in patients with primary hyperoxalurea type III. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| GORAB | golgin, RAB6-interacting|This gene encodes a member of the golgin family, a group of coiled-coil proteins localized to the Golgi. The encoded protein may function in the secretory pathway. The encoded protein, which also localizes to the cytoplasm, was identified by interactions with the N-terminal kinase-like protein, and thus it may function in mitosis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with geroderma osteodysplastica. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| RNLS | renalase, FAD-dependent amine oxidase|Renalase is a flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent amine oxidase that is secreted into the blood from the kidney (Xu et al., 2005 [PubMed 15841207]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MYO7A | myosin VIIA|This gene is a member of the myosin gene family. Myosins are mechanochemical proteins characterized by the presence of a motor domain, an actin-binding domain, a neck domain that interacts with other proteins, and a tail domain that serves as an anchor. This gene encodes an unconventional myosin with a very short tail. Defects in this gene are associated with the mouse shaker-1 phenotype and the human Usher syndrome 1B which are characterized by deafness, reduced vestibular function, and (in human) retinal degeneration. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MYO7B | myosin VIIB| |
| UBL5 | ubiquitin-like 5|This gene encodes a member of a group of proteins similar to ubiquitin. The encoded protein is not thought to degrade proteins like ubiquitin but to affect their function through being bound to target proteins by an isopeptide bond. The gene product has been studied as a link to predisposition to obesity based on its expression in Psammomys obesus, the fat sand rat, which is an animal model for obesity studies. Variation in this gene was found to be significantly associated with some metabolic traits (PMID: 15331561) but not associated with childhood obesity (PMID: 19189687). Pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 3, 5 and 17. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| UBL7 | ubiquitin-like 7| |
| STK19 | serine/threonine kinase 19|This gene encodes a serine/threonine kinase which localizes predominantly to the nucleus. Its specific function is unknown; it is possible that phosphorylation of this protein is involved in transcriptional regulation. This gene localizes to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region on chromosome 6 and expresses two transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UBL3 | ubiquitin-like 3| |
| LTB4R2 | leukotriene B4 receptor 2| |
| STK10 | serine/threonine kinase 10|This gene encodes a member of the Ste20 family of serine/threonine protein kinases, and is similar to several known polo-like kinase kinases. The protein can associate with and phosphorylate polo-like kinase 1, and overexpression of a kinase-dead version of the protein interferes with normal cell cycle progression. The kinase can also negatively regulate interleukin 2 expression in T-cells via the mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 1 pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| POLG2 | polymerase (DNA directed), gamma 2, accessory subunit|This gene encodes the processivity subunit of the mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma. The encoded protein forms a heterotrimer containing one catalytic subunit and two processivity subunits. This protein enhances DNA binding and promotes processive DNA synthesis. Mutations in this gene result in autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| STK16 | serine/threonine kinase 16| |
| GPAT2 | glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 2, mitochondrial| |
| FKBP4 | FK506 binding protein 4, 59kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunophilin protein family, which play a role in immunoregulation and basic cellular processes involving protein folding and trafficking. This encoded protein is a cis-trans prolyl isomerase that binds to the immunosuppressants FK506 and rapamycin. It has high structural and functional similarity to FK506-binding protein 1A (FKBP1A), but unlike FKBP1A, this protein does not have immunosuppressant activity when complexed with FK506. It interacts with interferon regulatory factor-4 and plays an important role in immunoregulatory gene expression in B and T lymphocytes. This encoded protein is known to associate with phytanoyl-CoA alpha-hydroxylase. It can also associate with two heat shock proteins (hsp90 and hsp70) and thus may play a role in the intracellular trafficking of hetero-oligomeric forms of the steroid hormone receptors. This protein correlates strongly with adeno-associated virus type 2 vectors (AAV) resulting in a significant increase in AAV-mediated transgene expression in human cell lines. Thus this encoded protein is thought to have important implications for the optimal use of AAV vectors in human gene therapy. The human genome contains several non-transcribed pseudogenes similar to this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| FKBP5 | FK506 binding protein 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunophilin protein family, which play a role in immunoregulation and basic cellular processes involving protein folding and trafficking. This encoded protein is a cis-trans prolyl isomerase that binds to the immunosuppressants FK506 and rapamycin. It is thought to mediate calcineurin inhibition. It also interacts functionally with mature hetero-oligomeric progesterone receptor complexes along with the 90 kDa heat shock protein and P23 protein. This gene has been found to have multiple polyadenylation sites. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| FKBP6 | FK506 binding protein 6, 36kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is a cis-trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerase that may function in immunoregulation and basic cellular processes involving protein folding and trafficking. This gene is located in a chromosomal region that is deleted in Williams-Beuren syndrome. Defects in this gene may cause male infertility. There are multiple pseudogenes for this gene located nearby on chromosome 7. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| FKBP7 | FK506 binding protein 7|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the FKBP-type peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) family. Members of this family exhibit PPIase activity and function as molecular chaperones. A similar protein in mouse is located in the endoplasmic reticulum and binds calcium. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FKBP2 | FK506 binding protein 2, 13kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunophilin protein family, which play a role in immunoregulation and basic cellular processes involving protein folding and trafficking. This encoded protein is a cis-trans prolyl isomerase that binds the immunosuppressants FK506 and rapamycin. It is thought to function as an ER chaperone and may also act as a component of membrane cytoskeletal scaffolds. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| JSRP1 | junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene is involved in excitation-contraction coupling at the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The encoded protein can interact with CACNA1S, CACNB1, and calsequestrin to help regulate calcium influx and efflux in skeletal muscle. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| KCTD6 | potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 6| |
| FKBP8 | FK506 binding protein 8, 38kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunophilin protein family, which play a role in immunoregulation and basic cellular processes involving protein folding and trafficking. Unlike the other members of the family, this encoded protein does not seem to have PPIase/rotamase activity. It may have a role in neurons associated with memory function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FKBP9 | FK506 binding protein 9, 63 kDa| |
| NAPSA | napsin A aspartic peptidase|The activation peptides of aspartic proteinases plays role as inhibitors of the active site. These peptide segments, or pro-parts, are deemed important for correct folding, targeting, and control of the activation of aspartic proteinase zymogens. The pronapsin A gene is expressed predominantly in lung and kidney. Its translation product is predicted to be a fully functional, glycosylated aspartic proteinase precursor containing an RGD motif and an additional 18 residues at its C-terminus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TYROBP | TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein|This gene encodes a transmembrane signaling polypeptide which contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) in its cytoplasmic domain. The encoded protein may associate with the killer-cell inhibitory receptor (KIR) family of membrane glycoproteins and may act as an activating signal transduction element. This protein may bind zeta-chain (TCR) associated protein kinase 70kDa (ZAP-70) and spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and play a role in signal transduction, bone modeling, brain myelination, and inflammation. Mutations within this gene have been associated with polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy (PLOSL), also known as Nasu-Hakola disease. Its putative receptor, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), also causes PLOSL. Multiple alternative transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| PCDH1 | protocadherin 1|This gene belongs to the protocadherin subfamily within the cadherin superfamily. The encoded protein is a membrane protein found at cell-cell boundaries. It is involved in neural cell adhesion, suggesting a possible role in neuronal development. The protein includes an extracelllular region, containing 7 cadherin-like domains, a transmembrane region and a C-terminal cytoplasmic region. Cells expressing the protein showed cell aggregation activity. Alternative splicing occurs in this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NCR3LG1 | natural killer cell cytotoxicity receptor 3 ligand 1|B7H6 belongs to the B7 family (see MIM 605402) and is selectively expressed on tumor cells. Interaction of B7H6 with NKp30 (NCR3; MIM 611550) results in natural killer (NK) cell activation and cytotoxicity (Brandt et al., 2009 [PubMed 19528259]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2011] |
| PPME1 | protein phosphatase methylesterase 1|This gene encodes a protein phosphatase methylesterase localized to the nucleus. The encoded protein acts on the protein phosphatase-2A catalytic subunit and supports the ERK pathway through dephosphorylation of regulatory proteins. It plays a role in malignant glioma progression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012] |
| BLOC1S2 | biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex-1, subunit 2|This gene encodes a protein with multiple functions. The encoded protein has been found in association with the centrosome, shown to co-localize with gamma-tubulin, and also found to be one of the proteins in the BLOC-1 complex which functions in the formation of lysosome-related organelles. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the X chromosome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| GABARAP | GABA(A) receptor-associated protein|Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors [GABA(A) receptors] are ligand-gated chloride channels that mediate inhibitory neurotransmission. This gene encodes GABA(A) receptor-associated protein, which is highly positively charged in its N-terminus and shares sequence similarity with light chain-3 of microtubule-associated proteins 1A and 1B. This protein clusters neurotransmitter receptors by mediating interaction with the cytoskeleton. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C14orf159 | chromosome 14 open reading frame 159| |
| MANF | mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor|The protein encoded by this gene is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and golgi, and is also secreted. Reducing expression of this gene increases susceptibility to ER stress-induced death and results in cell proliferation. Activity of this protein is important in promoting the survival of dopaminergic neurons. The presence of polymorphisms in the N-terminal arginine-rich region, including a specific mutation that changes an ATG start codon to AGG, have been reported in a variety of solid tumors; however, these polymorphisms were later shown to exist in normal tissues and are thus no longer thought to be tumor-related. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| SV2A | synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A| |
| SV2C | synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C| |
| IFNA10 | interferon, alpha 10|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the type I interferon family of proteins, and is located in a cluster of alpha interferon genes on chromosome 9. Interferons are small regulatory molecules that function in cell signaling in response to viruses and other pathogens or tumor cells. This gene is intronless and the encoded protein is secreted. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| IFNA17 | interferon, alpha 17| |
| IFNA16 | interferon, alpha 16| |
| IFNA14 | interferon, alpha 14| |
| PCCA | propionyl CoA carboxylase, alpha polypeptide|The protein encoded by this gene is the alpha subunit of the heterodimeric mitochondrial enzyme Propionyl-CoA carboxylase. PCCA encodes the biotin-binding region of this enzyme. Mutations in either PCCA or PCCB (encoding the beta subunit) lead to an enzyme deficiency resulting in propionic acidemia. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| MAN2C1 | mannosidase, alpha, class 2C, member 1| |
| WIPI2 | WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2|WD40 repeat proteins are key components of many essential biologic functions. They regulate the assembly of multiprotein complexes by presenting a beta-propeller platform for simultaneous and reversible protein-protein interactions. Members of the WIPI subfamily of WD40 repeat proteins, such as WIPI2, have a 7-bladed propeller structure and contain a conserved motif for interaction with phospholipids (Proikas-Cezanne et al., 2004 [PubMed 15602573]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| WIPI1 | WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 1|WD40 repeat proteins are key components of many essential biologic functions. They regulate the assembly of multiprotein complexes by presenting a beta-propeller platform for simultaneous and reversible protein-protein interactions. Members of the WIPI subfamily of WD40 repeat proteins, such as WIPI1, have a 7-bladed propeller structure and contain a conserved motif for interaction with phospholipids (Proikas-Cezanne et al., 2004 [PubMed 15602573]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ERO1L | ERO1-like (S. cerevisiae)| |
| FCHO2 | FCH domain only 2| |
| EHF | ets homologous factor|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to an ETS transcription factor subfamily characterized by epithelial-specific expression (ESEs). The encoded protein acts as a transcriptional repressor and may be involved in epithelial differentiation and carcinogenesis. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| AK8 | adenylate kinase 8| |
| CBLN2 | cerebellin 2 precursor| |
| ACPP | acid phosphatase, prostate|This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of orthophosphoric monoester to alcohol and orthophosphate. It is synthesized under androgen regulation and is secreted by the epithelial cells of the prostate gland. An alternatively spliced transcript variant encoding a longer isoform has been found for this gene. This isoform contains a transmembrane domain and is localized in the plasma membrane-endosomal-lysosomal pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| ZNF284 | zinc finger protein 284| |
| UBR5 | ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 5|This gene encodes a progestin-induced protein, which belongs to the HECT (homology to E6-AP carboxyl terminus) family. The HECT family proteins function as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, targeting specific proteins for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. This gene is localized to chromosome 8q22 which is disrupted in a variety of cancers. This gene potentially has a role in regulation of cell proliferation or differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BET1L | Bet1 golgi vesicular membrane trafficking protein-like| |
| IL20 | interleukin 20|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine structurally related to interleukin 10 (IL10). This cytokine has been shown to transduce its signal through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in keratinocytes. A specific receptor for this cytokine is found to be expressed in skin and upregulated dramatically in psoriatic skin, suggesting a role for this protein in epidermal function and psoriasis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FKBPL | FK506 binding protein like|The protein encoded by this gene has similarity to the immunophilin protein family, which play a role in immunoregulation and basic cellular processes involving protein folding and trafficking. The encoded protein is thought to have a potential role in the induced radioresistance. Also it appears to have some involvement in the control of the cell cycle. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GRB10 | growth factor receptor-bound protein 10|The product of this gene belongs to a small family of adapter proteins that are known to interact with a number of receptor tyrosine kinases and signaling molecules. This gene encodes a growth factor receptor-binding protein that interacts with insulin receptors and insulin-like growth-factor receptors. Overexpression of some isoforms of the encoded protein inhibits tyrosine kinase activity and results in growth suppression. This gene is imprinted in a highly isoform- and tissue-specific manner, with expression observed from the paternal allele in the brain, and from the maternal allele in the placental trophoblasts. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| GM2A | GM2 ganglioside activator|This gene encodes a small glycolipid transport protein which acts as a substrate specific co-factor for the lysosomal enzyme beta-hexosaminidase A. Beta-hexosaminidase A, together with GM2 ganglioside activator, catalyzes the degradation of the ganglioside GM2, and other molecules containing terminal N-acetyl hexosamines. Mutations in this gene result in GM2-gangliosidosis type AB or the AB variant of Tay-Sachs disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| GRB14 | growth factor receptor-bound protein 14|The product of this gene belongs to a small family of adapter proteins that are known to interact with a number of receptor tyrosine kinases and signaling molecules. This gene encodes a growth factor receptor-binding protein that interacts with insulin receptors and insulin-like growth-factor receptors. This protein likely has an inhibitory effect on receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and, in particular, on insulin receptor signaling. This gene may play a role in signaling pathways that regulate growth and metabolism. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| FDXACB1 | ferredoxin-fold anticodon binding domain containing 1|This gene encodes a protein which contains a ferredoxin-fold anticodon-binding domain which is contained in a subset of phenylalanyl tRNA synthetases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| APOBEC3D | apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3D|This gene is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. It is one of a group of related genes found in a cluster, thought to result from gene duplication, on chromosome 22. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1 and inhibit retroviruses, such as HIV, by deaminating cytosine residues in nascent retroviral cDNA. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CSRP1 | cysteine and glycine-rich protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the cysteine-rich protein (CSRP) family. This gene family includes a group of LIM domain proteins, which may be involved in regulatory processes important for development and cellular differentiation. The LIM/double zinc-finger motif found in this gene product occurs in proteins with critical functions in gene regulation, cell growth, and somatic differentiation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| CSRP3 | cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3 (cardiac LIM protein)|This gene encodes a member of the CSRP family of LIM domain proteins, which may be involved in regulatory processes important for development and cellular differentiation. The LIM/double zinc-finger motif found in this protein is found in a group of proteins with critical functions in gene regulation, cell growth, and somatic differentiation. Mutations in this gene are thought to cause heritable forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in humans. Alternatively spliced transcript variants with different 5' UTR, but encoding the same protein, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CSRP2 | cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2|CSRP2 is a member of the CSRP family of genes, encoding a group of LIM domain proteins, which may be involved in regulatory processes important for development and cellular differentiation. CRP2 contains two copies of the cysteine-rich amino acid sequence motif (LIM) with putative zinc-binding activity, and may be involved in regulating ordered cell growth. Other genes in the family include CSRP1 and CSRP3. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| ZNF460 | zinc finger protein 460|Zinc finger proteins, such as ZNF272, interact with nucleic acids and have diverse functions. The zinc finger domain is a conserved amino acid sequence motif containing 2 specifically positioned cysteines and 2 histidines that are involved in coordinating zinc. Kruppel-related proteins form 1 family of zinc finger proteins. See ZFP93 (MIM 604749) for additional information on zinc finger proteins.[supplied by OMIM, May 2004] |
| AK1 | adenylate kinase 1|Adenylate kinase is an enzyme involved in regulating the adenine nucleotide composition within a cell by catalyzing the reversible transfer of phosphate group among adinine nucleotides. Three isozymes of adenylate kinase have been identified in vertebrates, adenylate isozyme 1 (AK1), 2 (AK2) and 3 (AK3). AK1 is found in the cytosol of skeletal muscle, brain and erythrocytes, whereas AK2 and AK3 are found in the mitochondria of other tissues including liver and heart. AK1 was identified because of its association with a rare genetic disorder causing nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia where a mutation in the AK1 gene was found to reduce the catalytic activity of the enzyme. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HSD17B12 | hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 12|This gene encodes a very important 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) that converts estrone into estradiol in ovarian tissue. This enzyme is also involved in fatty acid elongation. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| ATP6V1D | ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 34kDa, V1 subunit D|This gene encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of eukaryotic intracellular organelles. V-ATPase dependent organelle acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. V-ATPase is composed of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. The V1 domain consists of three A and three B subunits, two G subunits plus the C, D, E, F, and H subunits. The V1 domain contains the ATP catalytic site. The V0 domain consists of five different subunits: a, c, c', c", and d. Additional isoforms of many of the V1 and V0 subunit proteins are encoded by multiple genes or alternatively spliced transcript variants. This gene encodes the V1 domain D subunit protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EGFLAM | EGF-like, fibronectin type III and laminin G domains| |
| HSD17B11 | hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 11|Short-chain alcohol dehydrogenases, such as HSD17B11, metabolize secondary alcohols and ketones (Brereton et al., 2001 [PubMed 11165019]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009] |
| ATP6V1A | ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 70kDa, V1 subunit A|This gene encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of eukaryotic intracellular organelles. V-ATPase dependent organelle acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. V-ATPase is composed of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. The V1 domain consists of three A and three B subunits, two G subunits plus the C, D, E, F, and H subunits. The V1 domain contains the ATP catalytic site. The V0 domain consists of five different subunits: a, c, c', c", and d. Additional isoforms of many of the V1 and V0 subunit proteins are encoded by multiple genes or alternatively spliced transcript variants. This encoded protein is one of two V1 domain A subunit isoforms and is found in all tissues. Transcript variants derived from alternative polyadenylation exist. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPR12 | G protein-coupled receptor 12| |
| HSD17B14 | hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 14|17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, such as HSD17B14, are primarily involved in metabolism of steroids at the C17 position and also of other substrates, such as fatty acids, prostaglandins, and xenobiotics (Lukacik et al., 2007 [PubMed 17067289]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009] |
| DTL | denticleless E3 ubiquitin protein ligase homolog (Drosophila)| |
| AK7 | adenylate kinase 7| |
| ATP6V1H | ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 50/57kDa, V1 subunit H|This gene encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of intracellular organelles. V-ATPase-dependent organelle acidification is necessary for multiple processes including protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. The encoded protein is the regulatory H subunit of the V1 domain of V-ATPase, which is required for catalysis of ATP but not the assembly of V-ATPase. Decreased expression of this gene may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| GPR19 | G protein-coupled receptor 19| |
| AK5 | adenylate kinase 5|This gene encodes a member of the adenylate kinase family, which is involved in regulating the adenine nucleotide composition within a cell by catalyzing the reversible transfer of phosphate groups among adenine nucleotides. This member is related to the UMP/CMP kinase of several species. It is located in the cytosol and expressed exclusively in brain. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EMX1 | empty spiracles homeobox 1| |
| SPTSSA | serine palmitoyltransferase, small subunit A|Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT; EC 2.3.1.50) catalyzes the first committed and rate-limiting step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. SSSPTA is a small SPT subunit that stimulates SPT activity and confers acyl-CoA preference to the SPT catalytic heterodimer of SPTLC1 (MIM 605712) and either SPTLC2 (MIM 605713) or SPTLC3 (MIM 611120) (Han et al., 2009 [PubMed 19416851]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| ZG16B | zymogen granule protein 16B| |
| PANK1 | pantothenate kinase 1|This gene encodes a member of the pantothenate kinase family. Pantothenate kinases are key regulatory enzymes in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A (CoA). The encoded protein catalyzes the first and rate-limiting enzymatic reaction in CoA biosynthesis and is regulated by CoA through feedback inhibition. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. This gene and an intronic miRNA on the same strand are co-regulated by the tumor suppressor p53 (see PMID 20833636). [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011] |
| PANK3 | pantothenate kinase 3|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the pantothenate kinase family. Pantothenate kinase is a key regulatory enzyme in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) in bacteria and mammalian cells. It catalyzes the first committed step in the universal biosynthetic pathway leading to CoA and is itself subject to regulation through feedback inhibition by CoA. This family member is expressed most abundantly in the liver. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PANK2 | pantothenate kinase 2|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the pantothenate kinase family and is the only member of that family to be expressed in mitochondria. Pantothenate kinase is a key regulatory enzyme in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) in bacteria and mammalian cells. It catalyzes the first committed step in the universal biosynthetic pathway leading to CoA and is itself subject to regulation through feedback inhibition by acyl CoA species. Mutations in this gene are associated with HARP syndrome and pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), formerly Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome. Alternative splicing, involving the use of alternate first exons, results in multiple transcripts encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PANK4 | pantothenate kinase 4|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the pantothenate kinase family. Pantothenate kinase is a key regulatory enzyme in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) in bacteria and mammalian cells. It catalyzes the first committed step in the universal biosynthetic pathway leading to CoA and is itself subject to regulation through feedback inhibition by CoA. This family member is most abundant in muscle but is expressed in all tissues. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ETAA1 | Ewing tumor-associated antigen 1| |
| KIF2A | kinesin heavy chain member 2A|The protein encoded by this gene is a plus end-directed motor required for normal mitotic progression. The encoded protein is required for normal spindle activity during mitosis and is necessary for normal brain development. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| KCNMA1 | potassium channel, calcium activated large conductance subfamily M alpha, member 1|MaxiK channels are large conductance, voltage and calcium-sensitive potassium channels which are fundamental to the control of smooth muscle tone and neuronal excitability. MaxiK channels can be formed by 2 subunits: the pore-forming alpha subunit, which is the product of this gene, and the modulatory beta subunit. Intracellular calcium regulates the physical association between the alpha and beta subunits. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CBLN1 | cerebellin 1 precursor|This gene encodes a cerebellum-specific precursor protein, precerebellin, with similarity to the globular (non-collagen-like) domain of complement component C1qB. Precerebellin is processed to give rise to several derivatives, including the hexadecapeptide, cerebellin, which is highly enriched in postsynaptic structures of Purkinje cells. Cerebellin has also been found in human and rat adrenals, where it has been shown to enhance the secretory activity of this gland. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| CNTF | ciliary neurotrophic factor|The protein encoded by this gene is a polypeptide hormone whose actions appear to be restricted to the nervous system where it promotes neurotransmitter synthesis and neurite outgrowth in certain neuronal populations. The protein is a potent survival factor for neurons and oligodendrocytes and may be relevant in reducing tissue destruction during inflammatory attacks. A mutation in this gene, which results in aberrant splicing, leads to ciliary neurotrophic factor deficiency, but this phenotype is not causally related to neurologic disease. A read-through transcript variant composed of the upstream ZFP91 gene and CNTF sequence has been identified, but it is thought to be non-coding. Read-through transcription of ZFP91 and CNTF has also been observed in mouse. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| KIF2C | kinesin family member 2C|This gene encodes a kinesin-like protein that functions as a microtubule-dependent molecular motor. The encoded protein can depolymerize microtubules at the plus end, thereby promoting mitotic chromosome segregation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| CAV1 | caveolin 1, caveolae protein, 22kDa|The scaffolding protein encoded by this gene is the main component of the caveolae plasma membranes found in most cell types. The protein links integrin subunits to the tyrosine kinase FYN, an initiating step in coupling integrins to the Ras-ERK pathway and promoting cell cycle progression. The gene is a tumor suppressor gene candidate and a negative regulator of the Ras-p42/44 mitogen-activated kinase cascade. Caveolin 1 and caveolin 2 are located next to each other on chromosome 7 and express colocalizing proteins that form a stable hetero-oligomeric complex. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy. Alternatively spliced transcripts encode alpha and beta isoforms of caveolin 1.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| PCYOX1L | prenylcysteine oxidase 1 like| |
| HEATR5A | HEAT repeat containing 5A| |
| HEATR5B | HEAT repeat containing 5B| |
| ATF1 | activating transcription factor 1|This gene encodes an activating transcription factor, which belongs to the ATF subfamily and bZIP (basic-region leucine zipper) family. It influences cellular physiologic processes by regulating the expression of downstream target genes, which are related to growth, survival, and other cellular activities. This protein is phosphorylated at serine 63 in its kinase-inducible domain by serine/threonine kinases, cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I/II, mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase 3 (cdk-3). Its phosphorylation enhances its transactivation and transcriptional activities, and enhances cell transformation. Fusion of this gene and FUS on chromosome 16 or EWSR1 on chromosome 22 induced by translocation generates chimeric proteins in angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma and clear cell sarcoma. This gene has a pseudogene on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| NFASC | neurofascin|This gene encodes an L1 family immunoglobulin cell adhesion molecule with multiple IGcam and fibronectin domains. The protein functions in neurite outgrowth, neurite fasciculation, and organization of the axon initial segment (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier on axons during early development. Both the AIS and nodes of Ranvier contain high densities of voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channels which are clustered by interactions with cytoskeletal and scaffolding proteins including this protein, gliomedin, ankyrin 3 (ankyrin-G), and betaIV spectrin. This protein links the AIS extracellular matrix to the intracellular cytoskeleton. This gene undergoes extensive alternative splicing, and the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined.[provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| CHRNA1 | cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 1 (muscle)|The muscle acetylcholine receptor consiststs of 5 subunits of 4 different types: 2 alpha subunits and 1 each of the beta, gamma, and delta subunits. This gene encodes an alpha subunit that plays a role in acetlycholine binding/channel gating. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| SARS | seryl-tRNA synthetase|This gene belongs to the class II amino-acyl tRNA family. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the transfer of L-serine to tRNA (Ser) and is related to bacterial and yeast counterparts. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described but the biological validity of all variants is unknown. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| MYBBP1A | MYB binding protein (P160) 1a|This gene encodes a nucleolar transcriptional regulator that was first identified by its ability to bind specifically to the Myb proto-oncogene protein. The encoded protein is thought to play a role in many cellular processes including response to nucleolar stress, tumor suppression and synthesis of ribosomal DNA. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| NAA25 | N(alpha)-acetyltransferase 25, NatB auxiliary subunit|This gene encodes the auxiliary subunit of the heteromeric N-terminal acetyltransferase B complex. This complex acetylates methionine residues that are followed by acidic or asparagine residues.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| IGJ | joining chain of multimeric IgA and IgM| |
| ARNT2 | aryl-hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2|This gene encodes a member of the basic-helix-loop-helix-Per-Arnt-Sim (bHLH-PAS) superfamily of transcription factors. The encoded protein acts as a partner for several sensor proteins of the bHLH-PAS family, forming heterodimers with the sensor proteins that bind regulatory DNA sequences in genes responsive to developmental and environmental stimuli. Under hypoxic conditions, the encoded protein complexes with hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha in the nucleus and this complex binds to hypoxia-responsive elements in enhancers and promoters of oxygen-responsive genes. A highly similar protein in mouse forms functional complexes with both aryl hydrocarbon receptors and Single-minded proteins, suggesting additional roles for the encoded protein in the metabolism of xenobiotic compounds and the regulation of neurogenesis, respectively. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| PLXNC1 | plexin C1|This gene encodes a member of the plexin family. Plexins are transmembrane receptors for semaphorins, a large family of proteins that regulate axon guidance, cell motility and migration, and the immune response. The encoded protein and its ligand regulate melanocyte adhesion, and viral semaphorins may modulate the immune response by binding to this receptor. The encoded protein may be a tumor suppressor protein for melanoma. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| ZNRF4 | zinc and ring finger 4| |
| ZNRF1 | zinc and ring finger 1, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|This gene encodes an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a role in neural-cell differentiation. Overexpression of this gene causes neurite-like elongation. The encoded protein contains both a zinc finger and a RING finger motif and is localized in the endosome/lysosome compartment, indicating that it may be involved in ubiquitin-mediated protein modification, and in synaptic vessicle membranes in neurons. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| ZNRF3 | zinc and ring finger 3| |
| ZNRF2 | zinc and ring finger 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase| |
| SLC26A9 | solute carrier family 26 (anion exchanger), member 9|This gene is one member of a family of sulfate/anion transporter genes. Family members are well conserved in their genomic (number and size of exons) and protein (aa length among species) structures yet have markedly different tissue expression patterns. The product of this gene is a highly selective chloride ion channel regulated by WNK kinases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding differing isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| SERPINC1 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade C (antithrombin), member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a plasma protease inhibitor and a member of the serpin superfamily. This protein inhibits thrombin as well as other activated serine proteases of the coagulation system, and it regulates the blood coagulation cascade. The protein includes two functional domains: the heparin binding-domain at the N-terminus of the mature protein, and the reactive site domain at the C-terminus. The inhibitory activity is enhanced by the presence of heparin. More than 120 mutations have been identified for this gene, many of which are known to cause antithrombin-III deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009] |
| MLANA | melan-A| |
| EBI3 | Epstein-Barr virus induced 3|This gene was identified by its induced expression in B lymphocytes in response Epstein-Barr virus infection. It encodes a secreted glycoprotein belonging to the hematopoietin receptor family, and heterodimerizes with a 28 kDa protein to form interleukin 27 (IL-27). IL-27 regulates T cell and inflammatory responses, in part by activating the Jak/STAT pathway of CD4+ T cells. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| GPX1 | glutathione peroxidase 1|This gene encodes a member of the glutathione peroxidase family. Glutathione peroxidase functions in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide, and is one of the most important antioxidant enzymes in humans. This protein is one of only a few proteins known in higher vertebrates to contain selenocysteine, which occurs at the active site of glutathione peroxidase and is coded by UGA, that normally functions as a translation termination codon. In addition, this protein is characterized in a polyalanine sequence polymorphism in the N-terminal region, which includes three alleles with five, six or seven alanine (ALA) repeats in this sequence. The allele with five ALA repeats is significantly associated with breast cancer risk. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRDM5 | PR domain containing 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor of the PR-domain protein family. It contains a PR-domain and multiple zinc finger motifs. Transcription factors of the PR-domain family are known to be involved in cell differentiation and tumorigenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC22A6 | solute carrier family 22 (organic anion transporter), member 6|The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the sodium-dependent transport and excretion of organic anions, some of which are potentially toxic. The encoded protein is an integral membrane protein and may be localized to the basolateral membrane. Four transcript variants encoding four different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GPX2 | glutathione peroxidase 2|This gene is a member of the glutathione peroxidase family and encodes a selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase that is one of two isoenzymes responsible for the majority of the glutathione-dependent hydrogen peroxide-reducing activity in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. The protein encoded by this locus contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue encoded by the UGA codon, which normally signals translation termination. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| GPX4 | glutathione peroxidase 4|This gene encodes a member of the glutathione peroxidase protein family. Glutathione peroxidase catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, organic hydroperoxide, and lipid peroxides by reduced glutathione and functions in the protection of cells against oxidative damage. Human plasma glutathione peroxidase has been shown to be a selenium-containing enzyme and the UGA codon is translated into a selenocysteine. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to serve dual functions as a peroxidase as well as a structural protein in mature spermatozoa. Through alternative splicing and transcription initiation, rat produces proteins that localize to the nucleus, mitochondrion, and cytoplasm. In humans, alternative transcription initiation and the cleavage sites of the mitochondrial and nuclear transit peptides need to be experimentally verified. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| PDE6D | phosphodiesterase 6D, cGMP-specific, rod, delta|This gene encodes the delta subunit of rod-specific photoreceptor phosphodiesterase (PDE), a key enzyme in the phototransduction cascade. A similar protein in cow functions in solubilizing membrane-bound PDE. In addition to its role in the PDE complex, the encoded protein is thought to bind to prenyl groups of proteins to target them to subcellular organelles called cilia. Mutations in this gene are associated with Joubert syndrome-22. Alternative splicing results in multiple splice variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| SLC22A3 | solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 3|Polyspecific organic cation transporters in the liver, kidney, intestine, and other organs are critical for elimination of many endogenous small organic cations as well as a wide array of drugs and environmental toxins. This gene is one of three similar cation transporter genes located in a cluster on chromosome 6. The encoded protein contains twelve putative transmembrane domains and is a plasma integral membrane protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EFCAB5 | EF-hand calcium binding domain 5| |
| GPX8 | glutathione peroxidase 8 (putative)| |
| EFCAB7 | EF-hand calcium binding domain 7| |
| FLNC | filamin C, gamma|This gene encodes one of three related filamin genes, specifically gamma filamin. These filamin proteins crosslink actin filaments into orthogonal networks in cortical cytoplasm and participate in the anchoring of membrane proteins for the actin cytoskeleton. Three functional domains exist in filamin: an N-terminal filamentous actin-binding domain, a C-terminal self-association domain, and a membrane glycoprotein-binding domain. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRDM8 | PR domain containing 8| |
| ANKRA2 | ankyrin repeat, family A (RFXANK-like), 2| |
| EFCAB2 | EF-hand calcium binding domain 2|The gene encodes a protein that contains two EF-hand calcium-binding domains although its function has yet to be determined. Alternatively spliced transcripts have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| NPDC1 | neural proliferation, differentiation and control, 1| |
| RCAN1 | regulator of calcineurin 1|The protein encoded by this gene interacts with calcineurin A and inhibits calcineurin-dependent signaling pathways, possibly affecting central nervous system development. This gene is located in the minimal candidate region for the Down syndrome phenotype, and is overexpressed in the brain of Down syndrome fetuses. Chronic overexpression of this gene may lead to neurofibrillary tangles such as those associated with Alzheimer disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| PEX11G | peroxisomal biogenesis factor 11 gamma|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the PEX11 family. This family is reported to regulate the number and size of peroxisomes in evolutionarily distant organisms. The protein encoded by this gene may induce clustering of peroxisomes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| RCAN3 | RCAN family member 3| |
| WDR34 | WD repeat domain 34|This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. Defects in this gene are a cause of short-rib thoracic dysplasia 11 with or without polydactyly. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| TESPA1 | thymocyte expressed, positive selection associated 1| |
| GRTP1 | growth hormone regulated TBC protein 1| |
| LETM2 | leucine zipper-EF-hand containing transmembrane protein 2| |
| RIMS3 | regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 3| |
| PRKCSH | protein kinase C substrate 80K-H|This gene encodes the beta-subunit of glucosidase II, an N-linked glycan-processing enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum. The encoded protein is an acidic phosphoprotein known to be a substrate for protein kinase C. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| PSAT1 | phosphoserine aminotransferase 1|This gene encodes a member of the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. The encoded protein is a phosphoserine aminotransferase and decreased expression may be associated with schizophrenia. Mutations in this gene are also associated with phosphoserine aminotransferase deficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene have been defined on chromosomes 1, 3, and 8. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| CKAP2 | cytoskeleton associated protein 2|This gene encodes a cytoskeleton-associated protein that stabalizes microtubules and plays a role in the regulation of cell division. The encoded protein is itself regulated through phosphorylation at multiple serine and threonine residues. There is a pseudogene of this gene on chromosome 14. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variations. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| EVPL | envoplakin| |
| BRIX1 | BRX1, biogenesis of ribosomes| |
| HIC1 | hypermethylated in cancer 1|This gene functions as a growth regulatory and tumor repressor gene. Hypermethylation or deletion of the region of this gene have been associated with tumors and the contiguous-gene syndrome, Miller-Dieker syndrome. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| HIC2 | hypermethylated in cancer 2| |
| RBM12 | RNA binding motif protein 12|This gene encodes a protein that contains several RNA-binding motifs, potential transmembrane domains, and proline-rich regions. This gene and the gene for copine I overlap at map location 20q11.21. Alternative splicing in the 5' UTR results in four transcript variants. All variants encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| RAD51AP2 | RAD51 associated protein 2| |
| RBM10 | RNA binding motif protein 10|This gene encodes a nuclear protein that belongs to a family proteins that contain an RNA-binding motif. The encoded protein associates with hnRNP proteins and may be involved in regulating alternative splicing. Defects in this gene are the cause of the X-linked recessive disorder, TARP syndrome. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| RBM17 | RNA binding motif protein 17|This gene encodes an RNA binding protein. The encoded protein is part of the spliceosome complex and functions in the second catalytic step of mRNA splicing. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. Related pseudogenes exist on chromosomes 9 and 15. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| HOXA1 | homeobox A1|In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. Expression of these proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor which may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. The encoded protein may be involved in the placement of hindbrain segments in the proper location along the anterior-posterior axis during development. Two transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene, with only one of the isoforms containing the homeodomain region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RBM15 | RNA binding motif protein 15|Members of the SPEN (Split-end) family of proteins, including RBM15, have repressor function in several signaling pathways and may bind to RNA through interaction with spliceosome components (Hiriart et al., 2005 [PubMed 16129689]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2009] |
| RBM14 | RNA binding motif protein 14|This gene encodes a ribonucleoprotein that functions as a general nuclear coactivator, and an RNA splicing modulator. This protein contains two RNA recognition motifs (RRM) at the N-terminus, and multiple hexapeptide repeat domain at the C-terminus that interacts with thyroid hormone receptor-binding protein (TRBP), and is required for transcription activation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms (with opposing effects on transcription) have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| PARVB | parvin, beta|This gene encodes a member of the parvin family of actin-binding proteins, which play a role in cytoskeleton organization and cell adhesion. These proteins are associated with focal contacts and contain calponin homology domains that bind to actin filaments. This family member binds to alphaPIX and alpha-actinin, and it can inhibit the activity of integrin-linked kinase. This protein also functions in tumor suppression. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| SIT1 | signaling threshold regulating transmembrane adaptor 1| |
| RBM19 | RNA binding motif protein 19|This gene encodes a nucleolar protein that contains six RNA-binding motifs. The encoded protein may be involved in regulating ribosome biogenesis. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| RBM18 | RNA binding motif protein 18| |
| TPRA1 | transmembrane protein, adipocyte asscociated 1| |
| MVP | major vault protein|This gene encodes the major component of the vault complex. Vaults are multi-subunit ribonucleoprotein structures that may be involved in nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. The encoded protein may play a role in multiple cellular processes by regulating the MAP kinase, JAK/STAT and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathways. The encoded protein also plays a role in multidrug resistance, and expression of this gene may be a prognostic marker for several types of cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| BEND7 | BEN domain containing 7| |
| BEND4 | BEN domain containing 4| |
| BEND5 | BEN domain containing 5| |
| BEND2 | BEN domain containing 2|This gene encodes a protein which has two BEN domains in the C-terminus. These domains are found in proteins which participate in protein and DNA interactions which occur during chromatin restructuring or transcription. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| BEND3 | BEN domain containing 3| |
| ARVCF | armadillo repeat gene deleted in velocardiofacial syndrome|Armadillo Repeat gene deleted in Velo-Cardio-Facial syndrome (ARVCF) is a member of the catenin family. This family plays an important role in the formation of adherens junction complexes, which are thought to facilitate communication between the inside and outside environments of a cell. The ARVCF gene was isolated in the search for the genetic defect responsible for the autosomal dominant Velo-Cardio-Facial syndrome (VCFS), a relatively common human disorder with phenotypic features including cleft palate, conotruncal heart defects and facial dysmorphology. The ARVCF gene encodes a protein containing two motifs, a coiled coil domain in the N-terminus and a 10 armadillo repeat sequence in the midregion. Since these sequences can facilitate protein-protein interactions ARVCF is thought to function in a protein complex. In addition, ARVCF contains a predicted nuclear-targeting sequence suggesting that it may have a function as a nuclear protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| SERTM1 | serine-rich and transmembrane domain containing 1| |
| RXRG | retinoid X receptor, gamma|This gene encodes a member of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) family of nuclear receptors which are involved in mediating the antiproliferative effects of retinoic acid (RA). This receptor forms dimers with the retinoic acid, thyroid hormone, and vitamin D receptors, increasing both DNA binding and transcriptional function on their respective response elements. This gene is expressed at significantly lower levels in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| RXRA | retinoid X receptor, alpha|Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are nuclear receptors that mediate the biological effects of retinoids by their involvement in retinoic acid-mediated gene activation. These receptors function as transcription factors by binding as homodimers or heterodimers to specific sequences in the promoters of target genes. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily of transcriptional regulators. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| RXRB | retinoid X receptor, beta|This gene encodes a member of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) family of nuclear receptors which are involved in mediating the effects of retinoic acid (RA). The encoded protein forms homodimers with the retinoic acid, thyroid hormone, and vitamin D receptors, increasing both DNA binding and transcriptional function on their respective response elements. This gene lies within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II region on chromosome 6. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| KCTD11 | potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 11| |
| CCNYL1 | cyclin Y-like 1| |
| MVD | mevalonate (diphospho) decarboxylase|The enzyme mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase catalyzes the conversion of mevalonate pyrophosphate into isopentenyl pyrophosphate in one of the early steps in cholesterol biosynthesis. It decarboxylates and dehydrates its substrate while hydrolyzing ATP. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CNEP1R1 | CTD nuclear envelope phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1|This gene encodes a transmembrane protein that belongs to the Tmemb_18A family. A similar protein in yeast is a component of an endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein phosphatase complex and is thought to play a role in the synthesis of triacylglycerol. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| GRAMD1C | GRAM domain containing 1C| |
| GRAMD1A | GRAM domain containing 1A| |
| MVK | mevalonate kinase|This gene encodes the peroxisomal enzyme mevalonate kinase. Mevalonate is a key intermediate, and mevalonate kinase a key early enzyme, in isoprenoid and sterol synthesis. Mevalonate kinase deficiency caused by mutation of this gene results in mevalonic aciduria, a disease characterized psychomotor retardation, failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia and recurrent febrile crises. Defects in this gene also cause hyperimmunoglobulinaemia D and periodic fever syndrome, a disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of fever associated with lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, gastrointestinal dismay and skin rash. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| CXorf23 | chromosome X open reading frame 23| |
| YAP1 | Yes-associated protein 1|This gene encodes a downstream nuclear effector of the Hippo signaling pathway which is involved in development, growth, repair, and homeostasis. This gene is known to play a role in the development and progression of multiple cancers as a transcriptional regulator of this signaling pathway and may function as a potential target for cancer treatment. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| ALK | anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase|This gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, which belongs to the insulin receptor superfamily. This protein comprises an extracellular domain, an hydrophobic stretch corresponding to a single pass transmembrane region, and an intracellular kinase domain. It plays an important role in the development of the brain and exerts its effects on specific neurons in the nervous system. This gene has been found to be rearranged, mutated, or amplified in a series of tumours including anaplastic large cell lymphomas, neuroblastoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. The chromosomal rearrangements are the most common genetic alterations in this gene, which result in creation of multiple fusion genes in tumourigenesis, including ALK (chromosome 2)/EML4 (chromosome 2), ALK/RANBP2 (chromosome 2), ALK/ATIC (chromosome 2), ALK/TFG (chromosome 3), ALK/NPM1 (chromosome 5), ALK/SQSTM1 (chromosome 5), ALK/KIF5B (chromosome 10), ALK/CLTC (chromosome 17), ALK/TPM4 (chromosome 19), and ALK/MSN (chromosome X).[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| FAM109B | family with sequence similarity 109, member B| |
| SUCLA2 | succinate-CoA ligase, ADP-forming, beta subunit|Succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS) is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme that acts as a heterodimer, being composed of an invariant alpha subunit and a substrate-specific beta subunit. The protein encoded by this gene is an ATP-specific SCS beta subunit that dimerizes with the SCS alpha subunit to form SCS-A, an essential component of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. SCS-A hydrolyzes ATP to convert succinate to succinyl-CoA. Defects in this gene are a cause of myopathic mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome. A pseudogene of this gene has been found on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ALB | albumin|Albumin is a soluble, monomeric protein which comprises about one-half of the blood serum protein. Albumin functions primarily as a carrier protein for steroids, fatty acids, and thyroid hormones and plays a role in stabilizing extracellular fluid volume. Albumin is a globular unglycosylated serum protein of molecular weight 65,000. Albumin is synthesized in the liver as preproalbumin which has an N-terminal peptide that is removed before the nascent protein is released from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The product, proalbumin, is in turn cleaved in the Golgi vesicles to produce the secreted albumin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RELL1 | RELT-like 1| |
| RELL2 | RELT-like 2| |
| ABCA6 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 6|The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intracellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, and White). This encoded protein is a member of the ABC1 subfamily. Members of the ABC1 subfamily comprise the only major ABC subfamily found exclusively in multicellular eukaryotes. This gene is clustered among 4 other ABC1 family members on 17q24 and may play a role in macrophage lipid homeostasis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ABCA7 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 7|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the ABC1 subfamily. Members of the ABC1 subfamily comprise the only major ABC subfamily found exclusively in multicellular eukaryotes. This full transporter has been detected predominantly in myelo-lymphatic tissues with the highest expression in peripheral leukocytes, thymus, spleen, and bone marrow. The function of this protein is not yet known; however, the expression pattern suggests a role in lipid homeostasis in cells of the immune system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ABCA4 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 4|The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intracellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the ABC1 subfamily. Members of the ABC1 subfamily comprise the only major ABC subfamily found exclusively in multicellular eukaryotes. This protein is a retina-specific ABC transporter with N-retinylidene-PE as a substrate. It is expressed exclusively in retina photoreceptor cells, indicating the gene product mediates transport of an essental molecule across the photoreceptor cell membrane. Mutations in this gene are found in patients diagnosed with Stargardt disease, a form of juvenile-onset macular degeneration. Mutations in this gene are also associated with retinitis pigmentosa-19, cone-rod dystrophy type 3, early-onset severe retinal dystrophy, fundus flavimaculatus, and macular degeneration age-related 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ABCA5 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 5|The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intracellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, and White). This encoded protein is a member of the ABC1 subfamily. Members of the ABC1 subfamily comprise the only major ABC subfamily found exclusively in multicellular eukaryotes. This gene is clustered among 4 other ABC1 family members on 17q24, but neither the substrate nor the function of this gene is known. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants; however, not all variants have been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ABCA2 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 2|The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intracellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the ABC1 subfamily. Members of the ABC1 subfamily comprise the only major ABC subfamily found exclusively in multicellular eukaryotes. This protein is highly expressed in brain tissue and may play a role in macrophage lipid metabolism and neural development. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ABCA3 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 3|The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intracellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the ABC1 subfamily. Members of the ABC1 subfamily comprise the only major ABC subfamily found exclusively in multicellular eukaryotes. The full transporter encoded by this gene may be involved in development of resistance to xenobiotics and engulfment during programmed cell death. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ABCA1 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1|The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intracellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the ABC1 subfamily. Members of the ABC1 subfamily comprise the only major ABC subfamily found exclusively in multicellular eukaryotes. With cholesterol as its substrate, this protein functions as a cholesteral efflux pump in the cellular lipid removal pathway. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Tangier's disease and familial high-density lipoprotein deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RFT1 | RFT1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes an enzyme which catalyzes the translocation of the Man(5)GlcNAc (2)-PP-Dol intermediate from the cytoplasmic to the luminal side of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane in the pathway for the N-glycosylation of proteins. Mutations in this gene are associated with congenital disorder of glycosylation type In.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| TUBGCP2 | tubulin, gamma complex associated protein 2| |
| CIZ1 | CDKN1A interacting zinc finger protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger DNA binding protein that interacts with CIP1, part of a complex with cyclin E. The encoded protein may regulate the cellular localization of CIP1. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| TUBGCP4 | tubulin, gamma complex associated protein 4|This gene encodes a component of the gamma-tubulin ring complex, which is required for microtubule nucleation. In mammalian cells, the protein localizes to centrosomes in association with gamma-tubulin. Crystal structure analysis revealed a structure composed of five helical bundles arranged around conserved hydrophobic cores. An exposed surface area located in the C-terminal domain is essential and sufficient for direct binding to gamma-tubulin. Mutations in this gene that alter microtubule organization are associated with microcephaly and chorioretinopathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2015] |
| TUBGCP5 | tubulin, gamma complex associated protein 5| |
| ABCA8 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 8|The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intracellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the ABC1 subfamily. Members of the ABC1 subfamily comprise the only major ABC subfamily found exclusively in multicellular eukaryotes. The encoded protein may regulate lipid metabolism and be involved in the formation and maintenance of myelin. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| SH2D3A | SH2 domain containing 3A| |
| BRCA1 | breast cancer 1, early onset|This gene encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein that plays a role in maintaining genomic stability, and it also acts as a tumor suppressor. The encoded protein combines with other tumor suppressors, DNA damage sensors, and signal transducers to form a large multi-subunit protein complex known as the BRCA1-associated genome surveillance complex (BASC). This gene product associates with RNA polymerase II, and through the C-terminal domain, also interacts with histone deacetylase complexes. This protein thus plays a role in transcription, DNA repair of double-stranded breaks, and recombination. Mutations in this gene are responsible for approximately 40% of inherited breast cancers and more than 80% of inherited breast and ovarian cancers. Alternative splicing plays a role in modulating the subcellular localization and physiological function of this gene. Many alternatively spliced transcript variants, some of which are disease-associated mutations, have been described for this gene, but the full-length natures of only some of these variants has been described. A related pseudogene, which is also located on chromosome 17, has been identified. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| LUC7L | LUC7-like (S. cerevisiae)|The LUC7L gene may represent a mammalian heterochromatic gene, encoding a putative RNA-binding protein similar to the yeast Luc7p subunit of the U1 snRNP splicing complex that is normally required for 5-prime splice site selection (Tufarelli et al., 2001 [PubMed 11170747]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MT2A | metallothionein 2A| |
| EPS8 | epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8|This gene encodes a member of the EPS8 family. This protein contains one PH domain and one SH3 domain. It functions as part of the EGFR pathway, though its exact role has not been determined. Highly similar proteins in other organisms are involved in the transduction of signals from Ras to Rac and growth factor-mediated actin remodeling. Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene have been observed but have not been thoroughly characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PSMD5 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 5|The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. This gene encodes a non-ATPase subunit of the 19S regulator base that functions as a chaperone protein during 26S proteasome assembly. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| PSMD4 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 4|The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes one of the non-ATPase subunits of the 19S regulator lid. Pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 10 and 21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PSMD7 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 7|The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes a non-ATPase subunit of the 19S regulator. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FLAD1 | flavin adenine dinucleotide synthetase 1|This gene encodes the enzyme that catalyzes adenylation of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) to form flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) coenzyme. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PSMD1 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 1|The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes the largest non-ATPase subunit of the 19S regulator lid, which is responsible for substrate recognition and binding. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| PSMD3 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 3|The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. This gene encodes a member of the proteasome subunit S3 family that functions as one of the non-ATPase subunits of the 19S regulator lid. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene are associated with neutrophil count. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| PSMD2 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 2|The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes one of the non-ATPase subunits of the 19S regulator lid. In addition to participation in proteasome function, this subunit may also participate in the TNF signalling pathway since it interacts with the tumor necrosis factor type 1 receptor. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| ZNF18 | zinc finger protein 18| |
| RTP3 | receptor (chemosensory) transporter protein 3| |
| ZNF14 | zinc finger protein 14|The protein encoded by this gene contains a zinc finger and a Kruppel-associated box (KRAB) domain. KRAB domain is known to be involved in the transcriptional repression of a number of zinc finger proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF16 | zinc finger protein 16|The protein encoded by this gene contains multiple tandem zinc finger motifs. The encoded protein is involved in the differentiation of erythroid and megakaryocytic cells. This gene is located in a cluster of related genes on chromosome 8 encoding zinc finger proteins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012] |
| ZNF17 | zinc finger protein 17| |
| ZNF10 | zinc finger protein 10|The protein encoded by this gene contains a C2H2 zinc finger, and has been shown to function as a transcriptional repressor. The Kruppel-associated box (KRAB) domain of this protein is found to be responsible for its transcriptional repression activity. RING finger containing protein TIF1 was reported to interact with the KRAB domain, and may serve as a mediator for the repression activity of this protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF12 | zinc finger protein 12|This gene is a member of the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family and encodes a protein with eight C2H2-type zinc fingers and a KRAB domain. This nuclear protein is involved in developmental control of gene expression. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HSD11B1 | hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a microsomal enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of the stress hormone cortisol to the inactive metabolite cortisone. In addition, the encoded protein can catalyze the reverse reaction, the conversion of cortisone to cortisol. Too much cortisol can lead to central obesity, and a particular variation in this gene has been associated with obesity and insulin resistance in children. Mutations in this gene and H6PD (hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (glucose 1-dehydrogenase)) are the cause of cortisone reductase deficiency. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein.[provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| PLEKHG4B | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family G (with RhoGef domain) member 4B| |
| MYBPHL | myosin binding protein H-like|This gene encodes a protein with two immunoglobulin superfamily domains and a fibronectin 3 domain. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| SELPLG | selectin P ligand|This gene encodes a glycoprotein that functions as a high affinity counter-receptor for the cell adhesion molecules P-, E- and L- selectin expressed on myeloid cells and stimulated T lymphocytes. As such, this protein plays a critical role in leukocyte trafficking during inflammation by tethering of leukocytes to activated platelets or endothelia expressing selectins. This protein requires two post-translational modifications, tyrosine sulfation and the addition of the sialyl Lewis x tetrasaccharide (sLex) to its O-linked glycans, for its high-affinity binding activity. Aberrant expression of this gene and polymorphisms in this gene are associated with defects in the innate and adaptive immune response. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011] |
| PROP1 | PROP paired-like homeobox 1|This gene encodes a paired-like homeodomain transcription factor in the developing pituitary gland. Expression occurs prior to and is required for expression of pou domain transcription factor 1, which is responsible for pituitary development and hormone expression. Mutations in this gene have been associated with combined pituitary hormone deficiency-2 as well as deficiencies in luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, prolactin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| RPGRIP1L | RPGRIP1-like|The protein encoded by this gene can localize to the basal body-centrosome complex or to primary cilia and centrosomes in ciliated cells. The encoded protein has been found to interact with nephrocystin-4. Defects in this gene are a cause of Joubert syndrome type 7 (JBTS7) and Meckel syndrome type 5 (MKS5). Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPON2 | spondin 2, extracellular matrix protein| |
| SPON1 | spondin 1, extracellular matrix protein| |
| BANP | BTG3 associated nuclear protein|This gene encodes a protein that binds to matrix attachment regions. The protein forms a complex with p53 and negatively regulates p53 transcription, and functions as a tumor suppressor and cell cycle regulator. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| SARNP | SAP domain containing ribonucleoprotein|This gene encodes a protein that is upregulated in response to various cytokines. The encoded protein may play a role in cell cycle progression. A translocation between this gene and the myeloid/lymphoid leukemia gene, resulting in expression of a chimeric protein, has been associated with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Pseudogenes exist on chromosomes 7 and 8. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| KIAA1731 | centrosomal protein 295kDa| |
| RRN3 | RRN3 RNA polymerase I transcription factor homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| UPK3A | uroplakin 3A|This gene encodes a member of the uroplakin family, a group of transmembrane proteins that form complexes on the apical surface of the bladder epithelium. Mutations in this gene may be associated with renal adysplasia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| MCFD2 | multiple coagulation factor deficiency 2|This gene encodes a soluble luminal protein with two calmodulin-like EF-hand motifs at its C-terminus. This protein forms a complex with LAMN1 (lectin mannose binding protein 1; also known as ERGIC-53) that facilitates the transport of coagulation factors V (FV) and VIII (FVIII) from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus via an endoplasmic reticulum Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). Mutations in this gene cause combined deficiency of FV and FVIII (F5F8D); a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder characterized by mild to moderate bleeding and coordinate reduction in plasma FV and FVIII levels. This protein has also been shown to maintain stem cell potential in adult central nervous system and is a marker for testicular germ cell tumors. The 3' UTR of this gene contains a transposon-like human repeat element named 'THE 1'. A processed RNA pseudogene of this gene is on chromosome 6p22.1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| ST6GALNAC4 | ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a type II membrane protein that catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to galactose-containing substrates. The encoded protein prefers glycoproteins rather than glycolipids as substrates and shows restricted substrate specificity, utilizing only the trisaccharide sequence Neu5Ac-alpha-2,3-Gal-beta-1,3-GalNAc. In addition, it is involved in the synthesis of ganglioside GD1A from GM1B. The encoded protein is normally found in the Golgi apparatus but can be proteolytically processed to a soluble form. This protein is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29. Transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| COPS7B | COP9 signalosome subunit 7B| |
| ST6GALNAC2 | ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2|ST6GALNAC2 belongs to a family of sialyltransferases that add sialic acids to the nonreducing ends of glycoconjugates. At the cell surface, these modifications have roles in cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions, bacterial adhesion, and protein targeting (Samyn-Petit et al., 2000 [PubMed 10742600]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ST6GALNAC1 | ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1|Glycosylation of proteins affects cell-cell interaction, interactions with the matrix, and the functions of intracellular molecules. ST6GALNAC1 transfers a sialic acid, N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc), in an alpha-2,6 linkage to O-linked GalNAc residues. The cancer-associated sialyl-Tn (sTn) antigen is formed by ST6GALNAC1-catalyzed sialylation of GalNAc residues on mucins (Ikehara et al., 1999 [PubMed 10536037]; Sewell et al., 2006 [PubMed 16319059]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| COPS7A | COP9 signalosome subunit 7A|This gene encodes a component of the COP9 signalosome, an evolutionarily conserved multi-subunit protease that regulates the activity of the ubiquitin conjugation pathway. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode the same protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| NAF1 | nuclear assembly factor 1 ribonucleoprotein| |
| NMUR2 | neuromedin U receptor 2|This gene encodes a protein from the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. This protein is a receptor for neuromedin U, which is a neuropeptide that is widely distributed in the gut and central nervous system. This receptor plays an important role in the regulation of food intake and body weight. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NMUR1 | neuromedin U receptor 1| |
| ZC4H2 | zinc finger, C4H2 domain containing|This gene encodes a member of the zinc finger domain-containing protein family. This family member has a C-terminal zinc finger domain that is characterized by four cysteine residues and two histidine residues, and it also includes a coiled-coil region. This protein has been detected as an autoantigen in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. This gene has been identified as a potential candidate for X-linked mental retardation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| NCK1 | NCK adaptor protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene is one of the signaling and transforming proteins containing Src homology 2 and 3 (SH2 and SH3) domains. It is located in the cytoplasm and is an adaptor protein involved in transducing signals from receptor tyrosine kinases to downstream signal recipients such as RAS. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| NCK2 | NCK adaptor protein 2|This gene encodes a member of the NCK family of adaptor proteins. The protein contains three SH3 domains and one SH2 domain. The protein has no known catalytic function but has been shown to bind and recruit various proteins involved in the regulation of receptor protein tyrosine kinases. It is through these regulatory activities that this protein is believed to be involved in cytoskeletal reorganization. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FAM111B | family with sequence similarity 111, member B|This gene encodes a protein with a trypsin-like cysteine/serine peptidase domain in the C-terminus. Mutations in this gene are associated with an autosomal dominant form of hereditary fibrosing poikiloderma (HFP). Affected individuals display mottled pigmentation, telangiectasia, epidermal atrophy, tendon contractures, and progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. A paralog of this gene which also has a trypsin&#8208;like peptidase domain, FAM111A, is located only 16 kb from this gene on human chromosome 11q12.1. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| DKK4 | dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 4|This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the dickkopf family. The secreted protein contains two cysteine rich regions and is involved in embryonic development through its interactions with the Wnt signaling pathway. Activity of this protein is modulated by binding to the Wnt co-receptor and the co-factor kremen 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SPIRE1 | spire-type actin nucleation factor 1|Spire proteins, such as SPIRE1, are highly conserved between species. They belong to the family of Wiskott-Aldrich homology region-2 (WH2) proteins, which are involved in actin organization (Kerkhoff et al., 2001 [PubMed 11747823]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| DKK3 | dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 3|This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the dickkopf family. The secreted protein contains two cysteine rich regions and is involved in embryonic development through its interactions with the Wnt signaling pathway. The expression of this gene is decreased in a variety of cancer cell lines and it may function as a tumor suppressor gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DKK1 | dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1|This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the dickkopf family. It is a secreted protein with two cysteine rich regions and is involved in embryonic development through its inhibition of the WNT signaling pathway. Elevated levels of DKK1 in bone marrow plasma and peripheral blood is associated with the presence of osteolytic bone lesions in patients with multiple myeloma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RABGGTB | Rab geranylgeranyltransferase, beta subunit|This gene encodes the beta-subunit of the enzyme Rab geranylgeranyl-transferase (RabGGTase), which belongs to the protein prenyltransferase family. RabGGTase catalyzes the post-translational addition of geranylgeranyl groups to C-terminal cysteine residues of Rab GTPases. Three small nucleolar RNA genes are present in the intronic regions of this gene. Alternately spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. A pseudogene associated with this gene is located on chromosome 3. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| KIF13A | kinesin family member 13A|This gene encodes a member of the kinesin family of microtubule-based motor proteins that function in the positioning of endosomes. This family member can direct mannose-6-phosphate receptor-containing vesicles from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane, and it is necessary for the steady-state distribution of late endosomes/lysosomes. It is also required for the translocation of FYVE-CENT and TTC19 from the centrosome to the midbody during cytokinesis, and it plays a role in melanosome maturation. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| KIF13B | kinesin family member 13B| |
| RABGGTA | Rab geranylgeranyltransferase, alpha subunit| |
| CES4A | carboxylesterase 4A|This gene encodes a member of the carboxylesterase large family. The family members are responsible for the hydrolysis or transesterification of various xenobiotics, such as cocaine and heroin, and endogenous substrates with ester, thioester, or amide bonds. They also participate in fatty acyl and cholesterol ester metabolism, and may play a role in the blood-brain barrier system. This gene, also called CES6, encodes a secreted enzyme, and may play a role in the detoxification of drugs and xenobiotics in neural and other tissues of the body and in the cerebrospinal fluid. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been reported, but the full-length nature and/or biological validity of some variants have not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| AASDHPPT | aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase-phosphopantetheinyl transferase|The protein encoded by this gene is similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae LYS5, which is required for the activation of the alpha-aminoadipate dehydrogenase in the biosynthetic pathway of lysine. Yeast alpha-aminoadipate dehydrogenase converts alpha-biosynthetic-aminoadipate semialdehyde to alpha-aminoadipate. It has been suggested that defects in the human gene result in pipecolic acidemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LILRA3 | leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor, subfamily A (without TM domain), member 3|This gene encodes a member of a family of immunoreceptors that are expressed predominantly in monocytes and B cells, and at lower levels in dendritic cells and natural killer cells. The encoded protein lacks the transmembrane region found in other members of this family. It acts as a soluble receptor for class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found. This gene is located in a cluster of related genes on chromosome 19 and is polymorphic in human populations, with many individuals containing a deletion of this genomic region. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| SPR | sepiapterin reductase (7,8-dihydrobiopterin:NADP+ oxidoreductase)|This gene encodes an aldo-keto reductase that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of pteridine derivatives and is important in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Mutations in this gene result in DOPA-responsive dystonia due to sepiaterin reductase deficiency. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AVPR1A | arginine vasopressin receptor 1A|The protein encoded by this gene acts as receptor for arginine vasopressin. This receptor belongs to the subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors which includes AVPR1B, V2R and OXT receptors. Its activity is mediated by G proteins which stimulate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The receptor mediates cell contraction and proliferation, platelet aggregation, release of coagulation factor and glycogenolysis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TGDS | TDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) superfamily, and is thought to contain a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) binding domain. This large SDR family of enzymes is involved in the metabolism of a variety of compounds, including prostaglandins, retinoids, lipids, steroid hormones, and xenobiotics. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Catel-Manzke syndrome, which is characterized by Pierre Robin sequence, and radial deviation of the index finger due to the presence of an accessory bone between the index finger and its proximal phalanx. Pierre Robin sequence is defined by an undersized jaw, backwards displacement of the tongue base that causes an obstruction of the airways, and can also be associated with a cleft palate. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| UPRT | uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (FUR1) homolog (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes uracil phosphoribosyltransferase, which catalyzes the conversion of uracil and 5-phosphoribosyl-1-R-diphosphate to uridine monophosphate (UMP). This reaction is an important part of nucleotide metabolism, specifically the pyrimidine salvage pathway. The enzyme localizes to the nucleus and cytoplasm. The protein is a potential target for rational design of drugs to treat parasitic infections and cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| HPS5 | Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 5|This gene encodes a protein that may play a role in organelle biogenesis associated with melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and lysosomes. This protein interacts with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 6 protein and may interact with the cytoplasmic domain of integrin, alpha-3. Mutations in this gene are associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 5. Multiple transcript variants encoding two distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HPS4 | Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 4|This gene encodes a protein component of biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complexes (BLOC). BLOC complexes are important for the formation of endosomal-lysosomal organelles such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. Mutations in this gene result in subtype 4 of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, a form of albinism. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| HPS6 | Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 6|This intronless gene encodes a protein that may play a role in organelle biogenesis associated with melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and lysosomes. This protein interacts with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 5 protein. Mutations in this gene are associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HPS1 | Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 1|This gene encodes a protein that may play a role in organelle biogenesis associated with melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and lysosomes. The encoded protein is a component of three different protein complexes termed biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex (BLOC)-3, BLOC4, and BLOC5. Mutations in this gene are associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene; the full-length sequences of some of these have not been determined yet. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HPS3 | Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 3|This gene encodes a protein containing a potential clathrin-binding motif, consensus dileucine signals, and tyrosine-based sorting signals for targeting to vesicles of lysosomal lineage. The encoded protein may play a role in organelle biogenesis associated with melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and lysosomes. Mutations in this gene are associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 3. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| EBLN2 | endogenous Bornavirus-like nucleoprotein 2| |
| ROPN1B | rhophilin associated tail protein 1B| |
| C20orf96 | chromosome 20 open reading frame 96| |
| FST | follistatin|Follistatin is a single-chain gonadal protein that specifically inhibits follicle-stimulating hormone release. The single FST gene encodes two isoforms, FST317 and FST344 containing 317 and 344 amino acids respectively, resulting from alternative splicing of the precursor mRNA. In a study in which 37 candidate genes were tested for linkage and association with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or hyperandrogenemia in 150 families, evidence was found for linkage between PCOS and follistatin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NFE2L3 | nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 3|This gene encodes a member of the cap 'n' collar basic-region leucine zipper family of transcription factors. The encoded protein heterodimerizes with small musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma factors to bind antioxidant response elements in target genes. This protein is a membrane bound glycoprotein that is targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear envelope. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 16, 17, and 18. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| NFE2L2 | nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2|This gene encodes a transcription factor which is a member of a small family of basic leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins. The encoded transcription factor regulates genes which contain antioxidant response elements (ARE) in their promoters; many of these genes encode proteins involved in response to injury and inflammation which includes the production of free radicals. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| NFE2L1 | nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 1|This gene encodes a protein that is involved in globin gene expression in erythrocytes. Confusion has occurred in bibliographic databases due to the shared symbol of NRF1 for this gene, NFE2L1, and for "nuclear respiratory factor 1" which has an official symbol of NRF1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ROPN1L | rhophilin associated tail protein 1-like|This gene encodes a member of the ropporin family. The encoded protein is present in sperm and interacts with A-kinase anchoring protein, AKAP3, through the amphipathic helix region of AKAP3. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| ZNF264 | zinc finger protein 264|This gene encodes a zinc finger protein and belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. Zinc finger proteins are often localized in the nucleus, bind nucleic acids, and regulate transcription. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| ZNF266 | zinc finger protein 266|This gene encodes a protein containing many tandem zinc-finger motifs. Zinc fingers are protein or nucleic acid-binding domains, and may be involved in a variety of functions, including regulation of transcription. This gene is located in a cluster of similar genes encoding zinc finger proteins on chromosome 19. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012] |
| ZNF267 | zinc finger protein 267| |
| ZNF260 | zinc finger protein 260| |
| ZNF263 | zinc finger protein 263| |
| DEFA5 | defensin, alpha 5, Paneth cell-specific|Defensins are a family of antimicrobial and cytotoxic peptides thought to be involved in host defense. They are abundant in the granules of neutrophils and also found in the epithelia of mucosal surfaces such as those of the intestine, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and vagina. Members of the defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence and distinguished by a conserved cysteine motif. Several of the alpha defensin genes appear to be clustered on chromosome 8. The protein encoded by this gene, defensin, alpha 5, is highly expressed in the secretory granules of Paneth cells of the ileum. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| ARAP2 | ArfGAP with RhoGAP domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 2|The protein encoded by this gene contains ARF-GAP, RHO-GAP, ankyrin repeat, RAS-associating, and pleckstrin homology domains. The protein is a phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate-dependent Arf6 GAP that binds RhoA-GTP, but it lacks the predicted catalytic arginine in the RHO-GAP domain and does not have RHO-GAP activity. The protein associates with focal adhesions and functions downstream of RhoA to regulate focal adhesion dynamics. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| MASTL | microtubule associated serine/threonine kinase-like|This gene encodes a microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase. Mutations at this locus have been associated with autosomal dominant thrombocytopenia, also known as thrombocytopenia-2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this locus. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| PLBD2 | phospholipase B domain containing 2| |
| PLBD1 | phospholipase B domain containing 1| |
| ASNSD1 | asparagine synthetase domain containing 1| |
| MURC | muscle-related coiled-coil protein|This gene encodes a protein containing two coiled-coil regions. The encoded protein promotes Rho/ROCK (Rho-kinase) signaling in cardiac muscles cells, and may facilitate myofibrillar organization. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| KIAA0226L | KIAA0226-like| |
| MCHR1 | melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1|The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family 1, is an integral plasma membrane protein which binds melanin-concentrating hormone. The encoded protein can inhibit cAMP accumulation and stimulate intracellular calcium flux, and is probably involved in the neuronal regulation of food consumption. Although structurally similar to somatostatin receptors, this protein does not seem to bind somatostatin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C17orf49 | chromosome 17 open reading frame 49| |
| SCAND1 | SCAN domain containing 1|This gene encodes a SCAN box domain-containing protein. The SCAN domain is a highly conserved, leucine-rich motif of approximately 60 aa originally found within a subfamily of zinc finger proteins. This gene belongs to a family of genes that encode an isolated SCAN domain, but no zinc finger motif. This protein binds to and may regulate the function of the transcription factor myeloid zinc finger 1B. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| ADCY7 | adenylate cyclase 7|This gene encodes a membrane-bound adenylate cyclase that catalyses the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP and is inhibitable by calcium. The product of this gene is a member of the adenylyl cyclase class-4/guanylyl cyclase enzyme family that is characterized by the presence of twelve membrane-spanning domains in its sequences. Several transcript variants have been observed for this gene, but the full-length natures of only two have been determined so far. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2013] |
| KIRREL3 | kin of IRRE like 3 (Drosophila)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the nephrin-like protein family. These proteins are expressed in fetal and adult brain, and also in podocytes of kidney glomeruli. The cytoplasmic domains of these proteins interact with the C-terminus of podocin, also expressed in the podocytes, cells involved in ensuring size- and charge-selective ultrafiltration. Mutations in this gene are associated with mental retardation autosomal dominant type 4 (MRD4). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| CACHD1 | cache domain containing 1| |
| STK17B | serine/threonine kinase 17b| |
| CTSG | cathepsin G|The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the peptidase S1 protein family, is found in azurophil granules of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The encoded protease has a specificity similar to that of chymotrypsin C, and may participate in the killing and digestion of engulfed pathogens, and in connective tissue remodeling at sites of inflammation. In addition, the encoded protein is antimicrobial, with bacteriocidal activity against S. aureus and N. gonorrhoeae. Transcript variants utilizing alternative polyadenylation signals exist for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| STK17A | serine/threonine kinase 17a|This gene is a member of the DAP kinase-related apoptosis-inducing protein kinase family and encodes an autophosphorylated nuclear protein with a protein kinase domain. The protein has apoptosis-inducing activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HPSE | heparanase|Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are major components of the basement membrane and extracellular matrix. The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme that cleaves heparan sulfate proteoglycans to permit cell movement through remodeling of the extracellular matrix. In addition, this cleavage can release bioactive molecules from the extracellular matrix. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| ZC3H11A | zinc finger CCCH-type containing 11A| |
| IAH1 | isoamyl acetate-hydrolyzing esterase 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| EFR3A | EFR3 homolog A (S. cerevisiae)|This gene encodes a membrane protein. Studies with orthologous gene in mouse show that it is differentially expressed in the auditory brainstem neurons of mice with hearing deficit, compared to mice with normal hearing ability, suggesting a role for this gene in hearing. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| ARID1A | AT rich interactive domain 1A (SWI-like)|This gene encodes a member of the SWI/SNF family, whose members have helicase and ATPase activities and are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SNF/SWI, which is required for transcriptional activation of genes normally repressed by chromatin. It possesses at least two conserved domains that could be important for its function. First, it has a DNA-binding domain that can specifically bind an AT-rich DNA sequence known to be recognized by a SNF/SWI complex at the beta-globin locus. Second, the C-terminus of the protein can stimulate glucocorticoid receptor-dependent transcriptional activation. It is thought that the protein encoded by this gene confers specificity to the SNF/SWI complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SVOP | SV2 related protein homolog (rat)| |
| YEATS2 | YEATS domain containing 2|YEATS2 is a scaffolding subunit of the ADA2A (TADA2A; MIM 602276)-containing (ATAC) histone acetyltransferase complex (Wang et al., 2008 [PubMed 18838386]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010] |
| RHOD | ras homolog family member D|Ras homolog, or Rho, proteins interact with protein kinases and may serve as targets for activated GTPase. They play a critical role in muscle differentiation. The protein encoded by this gene binds GTP and is a member of the small GTPase superfamily. It is involved in endosome dynamics and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, and it may coordinate membrane transport with the function of the cytoskeleton. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| DHRS4L1 | dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 4 like 1| |
| DHRS4L2 | dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 4 like 2|This gene encodes a member of the short chain dehydrogenase reductase family. The encoded protein may be an NADPH dependent retinol oxidoreductase. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| YIPF1 | Yip1 domain family, member 1| |
| YIPF3 | Yip1 domain family, member 3| |
| KLF8 | Kruppel-like factor 8|This gene encodes a protein which is a member of the Sp/KLF family of transcription factors. Members of this family contain a C-terminal DNA-binding domain with three Kruppel-like zinc fingers. The encoded protein is thought to play an important role in the regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a process which occurs normally during development but also during metastasis. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 16. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| YIPF5 | Yip1 domain family, member 5| |
| YIPF4 | Yip1 domain family, member 4| |
| YIPF6 | Yip1 domain family, member 6| |
| SDR39U1 | short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 39U, member 1|This gene encodes a member of the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) superfamily, which includes both classical and extended types. The encoded protein represents an extended type, with similarity to epimerases. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| CYB5R4 | cytochrome b5 reductase 4|NCB5OR is a flavohemoprotein that contains functional domains found in both cytochrome b5 (CYB5A; MIM 613218) and CYB5 reductase (CYB5R3; MIM 613213) (Zhu et al., 1999 [PubMed 10611283]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2010] |
| CYB5R3 | cytochrome b5 reductase 3|This gene encodes cytochrome b5 reductase, which includes a membrane-bound form in somatic cells (anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial and other membranes) and a soluble form in erythrocytes. The membrane-bound form exists mainly on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum and functions in desaturation and elongation of fatty acids, in cholesterol biosynthesis, and in drug metabolism. The erythrocyte form is located in a soluble fraction of circulating erythrocytes and is involved in methemoglobin reduction. The membrane-bound form has both membrane-binding and catalytic domains, while the soluble form has only the catalytic domain. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Mutations in this gene cause methemoglobinemias. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| CYB5R2 | cytochrome b5 reductase 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the flavoprotein pyridine nucleotide cytochrome reductase family of proteins. Cytochrome b-type NAD(P)H oxidoreductases are implicated in many processes including cholesterol biosynthesis, fatty acid desaturation and elongation, and respiratory burst in neutrophils and macrophages. Cytochrome b5 reductases have soluble and membrane-bound forms that are the product of alternative splicing. In animal cells, the membrane-bound form binds to the endoplasmic reticulum, where it is a member of a fatty acid desaturation complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| CYB5R1 | cytochrome b5 reductase 1| |
| SPTAN1 | spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1|Spectrins are a family of filamentous cytoskeletal proteins that function as essential scaffold proteins that stabilize the plasma membrane and organize intracellular organelles. Spectrins are composed of alpha and beta dimers that associate to form tetramers linked in a head-to-head arrangement. This gene encodes an alpha spectrin that is specifically expressed in nonerythrocytic cells. The encoded protein has been implicated in other cellular functions including DNA repair and cell cycle regulation. Mutations in this gene are the cause of early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-5. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| RBBP6 | retinoblastoma binding protein 6|The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (pRB) protein binds with many other proteins. In various human cancers, pRB suppresses cellular proliferation and is inactivated. Cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation regulates the activity of pRB. This gene encodes a protein which binds to underphosphorylated but not phosphorylated pRB. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TCF7L2 | transcription factor 7-like 2 (T-cell specific, HMG-box)|This gene encodes a high mobility group (HMG) box-containing transcription factor that plays a key role in the Wnt signaling pathway. The protein has been implicated in blood glucose homeostasis. Genetic variants of this gene are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Several transcript variants encoding multiple different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| HEATR2 | dynein, axonemal, assembly factor 5|The protein encoded by this gene is essential for the preassembly or stability of axonemal dynein arms, and is found only in organisms with motile cilia and flagella. Mutations in this gene are associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia-18, a disorder characterized by abnormalities of motile cilia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013] |
| TCEANC | transcription elongation factor A (SII) N-terminal and central domain containing| |
| RBBP4 | retinoblastoma binding protein 4|This gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein which belongs to a highly conserved subfamily of WD-repeat proteins. It is present in protein complexes involved in histone acetylation and chromatin assembly. It is part of the Mi-2 complex which has been implicated in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional repression associated with histone deacetylation. This encoded protein is also part of co-repressor complexes, which is an integral component of transcriptional silencing. It is found among several cellular proteins that bind directly to retinoblastoma protein to regulate cell proliferation. This protein also seems to be involved in transcriptional repression of E2F-responsive genes. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| BTF3L4 | basic transcription factor 3-like 4| |
| HEATR3 | HEAT repeat containing 3| |
| C19orf66 | chromosome 19 open reading frame 66| |
| C19orf67 | chromosome 19 open reading frame 67| |
| IL1RAPL1 | interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein-like 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 receptor family and is similar to the interleukin 1 accessory proteins. It is most closely related to interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein-like 2 (IL1RAPL2). This gene and IL1RAPL2 are located at a region on chromosome X that is associated with X-linked non-syndromic mental retardation. Deletions and mutations in this gene were found in patients with mental retardation. This gene is expressed at a high level in post-natal brain structures involved in the hippocampal memory system, which suggests a specialized role in the physiological processes underlying memory and learning abilities. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| YPEL3 | yippee-like 3 (Drosophila)| |
| YPEL2 | yippee-like 2 (Drosophila)| |
| PPP2R4 | protein phosphatase 2A activator, regulatory subunit 4|Protein phosphatase 2A is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases and is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. Protein phosphatase 2A holoenzymes are heterotrimeric proteins composed of a structural subunit A, a catalytic subunit C, and a regulatory subunit B. The regulatory subunit is encoded by a diverse set of genes that have been grouped into the B/PR55, B'/PR61, and B''/PR72 families. These different regulatory subunits confer distinct enzymatic specificities and intracellular localizations to the holozenzyme. The product of this gene belongs to the B' family. This gene encodes a specific phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator of the dimeric form of protein phosphatase 2A. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FTSJ2 | FtsJ RNA methyltransferase homolog 2 (E. coli)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S-adenosylmethionine-binding protein family. It is a nucleolar protein and it may be involved in the processing and modification of rRNA. This gene has been suggested to be involved in cell cycle control and DNA repair. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| FTSJ3 | FtsJ homolog 3 (E. coli)|Although the function of this gene is not known, the existence of this gene is supported by mRNA and EST data. A possible function of the encoded protein can be inferred from amino acid sequence similarity to the E.coli FtsJ protein and to a mouse protein possibly involved in embryogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MKL2 | MKL/myocardin-like 2| |
| FTSJ1 | FtsJ RNA methyltransferase homolog 1 (E. coli)|This gene encodes a member of the methyltransferase superfamily. The encoded protein localizes to the nucleolus, binds to S-adenosylmethionine, and may be involved in the processing and modification of ribosomal RNA. Mutations in this gene are associated with mental retardation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| DERL1 | derlin 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the derlin family. Members of this family participate in the ER-associated degradation response and retrotranslocate misfolded or unfolded proteins from the ER lumen to the cytosol for proteasomal degradation. This protein recognizes substrate in the ER and works in a complex to retrotranslocate it across the ER membrane into the cytosol. This protein may select cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR) for degradation as well as unfolded proteins in Alzheimer's disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| DERL2 | derlin 2|Proteins that are unfolded or misfolded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) must be refolded or degraded to maintain the homeostasis of the ER. DERL2 is involved in the degradation of misfolded glycoproteins in the ER (Oda et al., 2006 [PubMed 16449189]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| C11orf58 | chromosome 11 open reading frame 58| |
| C11orf53 | chromosome 11 open reading frame 53| |
| C11orf52 | chromosome 11 open reading frame 52| |
| PRR25 | proline rich 25| |
| SAPCD2 | suppressor APC domain containing 2| |
| CNPPD1 | cyclin Pas1/PHO80 domain containing 1| |
| ASIC2 | acid sensing (proton gated) ion channel 2|This gene encodes a member of the degenerin/epithelial sodium channel (DEG/ENaC) superfamily. The members of this family are amiloride-sensitive sodium channels that contain intracellular N and C termini, 2 hydrophobic transmembrane regions, and a large extracellular loop, which has many cysteine residues with conserved spacing. The member encoded by this gene may play a role in neurotransmission. In addition, a heteromeric association between this member and acid-sensing (proton-gated) ion channel 3 has been observed to co-assemble into proton-gated channels sensitive to gadolinium. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and two variants, encoding distinct isoforms, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| C11orf54 | chromosome 11 open reading frame 54| |
| SORL1 | sortilin-related receptor, L(DLR class) A repeats containing|This gene encodes a mosaic protein that belongs to at least two families: the vacuolar protein sorting 10 (VPS10) domain-containing receptor family, and the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family. The encoded protein also contains fibronectin type III repeats and an epidermal growth factor repeat. The encoded protein is translated as a preproprotein and likely plays roles in endocytosis and sorting. There may be an association between expression of this locus and Alzheimer's Disease.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| NLGN4X | neuroligin 4, X-linked|This gene encodes a member of the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase protein family. The encoded protein belongs to a family of neuronal cell surface proteins. Members of this family may act as splice site-specific ligands for beta-neurexins and may be involved in the formation and remodeling of central nervous system synapses. The encoded protein interacts with discs large homolog 4 (DLG4). Mutations in this gene have been associated with autism and Asperger syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| FAHD2B | fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain containing 2B| |
| SLC24A2 | solute carrier family 24 (sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger), member 2|This gene encodes a member of the calcium/cation antiporter superfamily of transport proteins. The encoded protein belongs to the SLC24 branch of exchangers, which can mediate the extrusion of one Ca2+ ion and one K+ ion in exchange for four Na+ ions. This family member is a retinal cone/brain exchanger that can mediate a light-induced decrease in free Ca2+ concentration. This protein may also play a neuroprotective role during ischemic brain injury. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| NUCKS1 | nuclear casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1|This gene encodes a nuclear protein that is highly conserved in vertebrates. The conserved regions of the protein contain several consensus phosphorylation sites for casein kinase II and cyclin-dependent kinases, two putative nuclear localization signals, and a basic DNA-binding domain. It is phosphorylated in vivo by Cdk1 during mitosis of the cell cycle. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| MMS22L | MMS22-like, DNA repair protein| |
| MLLT10 | myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia (trithorax homolog, Drosophila); translocated to, 10|This gene encodes a transcription factor and has been identified as a partner gene involved in several chromosomal rearrangements resulting in various leukemias. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| MLLT11 | myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia (trithorax homolog, Drosophila); translocated to, 11|The gene variously symbolized ALL1, HRX, or MLL located on 11q23 has been demonstrated to be fused with a number of translocation partners in cases of leukemia. t(1;11)(q21;q23) translocations that fused the MLL gene to a gene on chromosomal band 1q21 in 2 infants with acute myelomonocytic leukemia have been demonstrated. The N-terminal portion of the MLL gene is critical for leukemogenesis in translocations involving band 11q23. This gene encodes 90 amino acids. It was found to be highly expressed in the thymus but not in peripheral lymphoid tissues. In contrast to its restricted distribution in normal hematopoietic tissue, this gene was expressed in all leukemic cell lines tested. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAG2 | recombination activating gene 2|This gene encodes a protein that is involved in the initiation of V(D)J recombination during B and T cell development. This protein forms a complex with the product of the adjacent recombination activating gene 1, and this complex can form double-strand breaks by cleaving DNA at conserved recombination signal sequences. The recombination activating gene 1 component is thought to contain most of the catalytic activity, while the N-terminal of the recombination activating gene 2 component is thought to form a six-bladed propeller in the active core that serves as a binding scaffold for the tight association of the complex with DNA. A C-terminal plant homeodomain finger-like motif in this protein is necessary for interactions with chromatin components, specifically with histone H3 that is trimethylated at lysine 4. Mutations in this gene cause Omenn syndrome, a form of severe combined immunodeficiency associated with autoimmune-like symptoms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IBTK | inhibitor of Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase|Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a protein tyrosine kinase that is expressed in B cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. The protein encoded by this gene binds to BTK and downregulates BTK's kinase activity. In addition, the encoded protein disrupts BTK-mediated calcium mobilization and negatively regulates the activation of nuclear factor-kappa-B-driven transcription. This gene has a pseudogene on chromosome 18. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| RAG1 | recombination activating gene 1|The protein encoded by this gene is involved in activation of immunoglobulin V-D-J recombination. The encoded protein is involved in recognition of the DNA substrate, but stable binding and cleavage activity also requires RAG2. Defects in this gene can be the cause of several diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EIF4H | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4H|This gene encodes one of the translation initiation factors, which functions to stimulate the initiation of protein synthesis at the level of mRNA utilization. This gene is deleted in Williams syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at 7q11.23. Alternative splicing of this gene generates 2 transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EIF4E | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex, which recognizes the 7-methylguanosine cap structure at the 5' end of cellular mRNAs. The encoded protein aids in translation initiation by recruiting ribosomes to the mRNA. Association of this protein with the 4F complex is the rate-limiting step in translation initiation. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| SLC24A1 | solute carrier family 24 (sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger), member 1|This gene encodes a member of the potassium-dependent sodium/calcium exchanger protein family. The encoded protein plays an important role in sodium/calcium exchange in retinal rod and cone photoreceptors by mediating the extrusion of one calcium ion and one potassium ion in exchange for four sodium ions. Mutations in this gene may play a role in congenital stationary night blindness. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| BCAR1 | breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 1|BCAR1, or CAS, is an Src (MIM 190090) family kinase substrate involved in various cellular events, including migration, survival, transformation, and invasion (Sawada et al., 2006 [PubMed 17129785]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2009] |
| BCAR3 | breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 3|Breast tumors are initially dependent on estrogens for growth and progression and can be inhibited by anti-estrogens such as tamoxifen. However, breast cancers progress to become anti-estrogen resistant. Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance gene 3 was identified in the search for genes involved in the development of estrogen resistance. The gene encodes a component of intracellular signal transduction that causes estrogen-independent proliferation in human breast cancer cells. The protein contains a putative src homology 2 (SH2) domain, a hall mark of cellular tyrosine kinase signaling molecules, and is partly homologous to the cell division cycle protein CDC48. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| EIF4B | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B| |
| HSPBAP1 | HSPB (heat shock 27kDa) associated protein 1|This gene encodes a protein that binds to one of the small heat shock proteins, specifically hsp27. Hsp27 is involved with cell growth and differentiation. This encoded protein was found to be abnormally expressed in patients with intractable epilepsy, although how brain function is affected remains unknown. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| CD99 | CD99 molecule|The protein encoded by this gene is a cell surface glycoprotein involved in leukocyte migration, T-cell adhesion, ganglioside GM1 and transmembrane protein transport, and T-cell death by a caspase-independent pathway. In addition, the encoded protein may have the ability to rearrange the actin cytoskeleton and may also act as an oncosuppressor in osteosarcoma. Cyclophilin A binds to CD99 and may act as a signaling regulator of CD99. This gene is found in the pseudoautosomal region of chromosomes X and Y and escapes X-chromosome inactivation. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2013] |
| HAT1 | histone acetyltransferase 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a type B histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that is involved in the rapid acetylation of newly synthesized cytoplasmic histones, which are in turn imported into the nucleus for de novo deposition onto nascent DNA chains. Histone acetylation, particularly of histone H4, plays an important role in replication-dependent chromatin assembly. Specifically, this HAT can acetylate soluble but not nucleosomal histone H4 at lysines 5 and 12, and to a lesser degree, histone H2A at lysine 5. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| CD97 | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E5|This gene encodes a member of the EGF-TM7 subfamily of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors, which mediate cell-cell interactions. These proteins are cleaved by self-catalytic proteolysis into a large extracellular subunit and seven-span transmembrane subunit, which associate at the cell surface as a receptor complex. The encoded protein may play a role in cell adhesion as well as leukocyte recruitment, activation and migration, and contains multiple extracellular EGF-like repeats which mediate binding to chondroitin sulfate and the cell surface complement regulatory protein CD55. Expression of this gene may play a role in the progression of several types of cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms with 3 to 5 EGF-like repeats have been observed for this gene. This gene is found in a cluster with other EGF-TM7 genes on the short arm of chromosome 19. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| CCDC106 | coiled-coil domain containing 106| |
| NMU | neuromedin U| |
| TUBB | tubulin, beta class I|This gene encodes a beta tubulin protein. This protein forms a dimer with alpha tubulin and acts as a structural component of microtubules. Mutations in this gene cause cortical dysplasia, complex, with other brain malformations 6. Alternative splicing results in multiple splice variants. There are multiple pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 13. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| CGA | glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide|The four human glycoprotein hormones chorionic gonadotropin (CG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) are dimers consisting of alpha and beta subunits that are associated noncovalently. The alpha subunits of these hormones are identical, however, their beta chains are unique and confer biological specificity. The protein encoded by this gene is the alpha subunit and belongs to the glycoprotein hormones alpha chain family. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| PRLHR | prolactin releasing hormone receptor|PRLHR is a 7-transmembrane domain receptor for prolactin-releasing hormone (PRLH; MIM 602663) that is highly expressed in anterior pituitary (Ozawa et al., 2002 [PubMed 11923475]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| DEFB103B | defensin, beta 103B|Defensins form a family of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides made by neutrophils. Members of the defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence. This gene encodes defensin, beta 103, which has broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and may play an important role in innate epithelial defense. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| EFNB2 | ephrin-B2|This gene encodes a member of the ephrin (EPH) family. The ephrins and EPH-related receptors comprise the largest subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases and have been implicated in mediating developmental events, especially in the nervous system and in erythropoiesis. Based on their structures and sequence relationships, ephrins are divided into the ephrin-A (EFNA) class, which are anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, and the ephrin-B (EFNB) class, which are transmembrane proteins. This gene encodes an EFNB class ephrin which binds to the EPHB4 and EPHA3 receptors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EFNB3 | ephrin-B3|EFNB3, a member of the ephrin gene family, is important in brain development as well as in its maintenance. Moreover, since levels of EFNB3 expression were particularly high in several forebrain subregions compared to other brain subregions, it may play a pivotal role in forebrain function. The EPH and EPH-related receptors comprise the largest subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases and have been implicated in mediating developmental events, particularly in the nervous system. EPH Receptors typically have a single kinase domain and an extracellular region containing a Cys-rich domain and 2 fibronectin type III repeats. The ephrin ligands and receptors have been named by the Eph Nomenclature Committee (1997). Based on their structures and sequence relationships, ephrins are divided into the ephrin-A (EFNA) class, which are anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, and the ephrin-B (EFNB) class, which are transmembrane proteins. The Eph family of receptors are similarly divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HDAC3 | histone deacetylase 3|Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. It has histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription when tethered to a promoter. It may participate in the regulation of transcription through its binding with the zinc-finger transcription factor YY1. This protein can also down-regulate p53 function and thus modulate cell growth and apoptosis. This gene is regarded as a potential tumor suppressor gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| EFNB1 | ephrin-B1|The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane protein and a ligand of Eph-related receptor tyrosine kinases. It may play a role in cell adhesion and function in the development or maintenance of the nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| THEMIS | thymocyte selection associated|This gene encodes a protein that plays a regulatory role in both positive and negative T-cell selection during late thymocyte development. The protein functions through T-cell antigen receptor signaling, and is necessary for proper lineage commitment and maturation of T-cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| PI4KB | phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, catalytic, beta| |
| PI4KA | phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, catalytic, alpha|This gene encodes a phosphatidylinositol (PI) 4-kinase which catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. The mammalian PI 4-kinases have been classified into two types, II and III, based on their molecular mass, and modulation by detergent and adenosine. The protein encoded by this gene is a type III enzyme that is not inhibited by adenosine. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| HDAC6 | histone deacetylase 6|Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to class II of the histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. It contains an internal duplication of two catalytic domains which appear to function independently of each other. This protein possesses histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HDAC9 | histone deacetylase 9|Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene has sequence homology to members of the histone deacetylase family. This gene is orthologous to the Xenopus and mouse MITR genes. The MITR protein lacks the histone deacetylase catalytic domain. It represses MEF2 activity through recruitment of multicomponent corepressor complexes that include CtBP and HDACs. This encoded protein may play a role in hematopoiesis. Multiple alternatively spliced transcripts have been described for this gene but the full-length nature of some of them has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CIRBP | cold inducible RNA binding protein| |
| TMEM161A | transmembrane protein 161A| |
| TMEM161B | transmembrane protein 161B| |
| IGLC6 | immunoglobulin lambda constant 6 (Kern+Oz- marker, gene/pseudogene)| |
| IGLC1 | immunoglobulin lambda constant 1 (Mcg marker)| |
| NHLH1 | nescient helix loop helix 1|The helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins are a family of putative transcription factors, some of which have been shown to play an important role in growth and development of a wide variety of tissues and species. Four members of this family have been clearly implicated in tumorigenesis via their involvement in chromosomal translocations in lymphoid tumors: MYC (MIM 190080), LYL1 (MIM 151440), E2A (MIM 147141), and SCL (MIM 187040).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2002] |
| IGLC3 | immunoglobulin lambda constant 3 (Kern-Oz+ marker)| |
| ITIH1 | inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 1|The protein encoded by this gene is the heavy chain of a serine protease inhibitor that may serve to carry hyaluronan in plasma. This gene is part of a cluster of similar genes on chromosome 3. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| ITIH3 | inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 3|The inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitors (ITI) are a family of structurally related plasma serine protease inhibitors involved in extracellular matrix stabilization and in prevention of tumor metastasis. The ITI family contains multiple proteins made up of a light chain (see MIM 176870) and a variable number of heavy chains (Salier et al., 1987 [PubMed 2446322]; Himmelfarb et al., 2004 [PubMed 14744536]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2009] |
| ITIH2 | inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 2|The inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitors (ITI) are a family of structurally related plasma serine protease inhibitors involved in extracellular matrix stabilization and in prevention of tumor metastasis. The ITI family contains multiple proteins made up of a light chain (see MIM 176870) and a variable number of heavy chains (Salier et al., 1987 [PubMed 2446322]; Himmelfarb et al., 2004 [PubMed 14744536]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2009] |
| ITIH5 | inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain family, member 5|This gene encodes a heavy chain component of one of the inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (ITI) family members. ITI proteins are involved in extracellular matrix stabilization and in the prevention of tumor metastasis. They are also structurally related plasma serine protease inhibitors and are composed of a light chain and varying numbers of heavy chains. This family member is thought to function as a tumor suppressor in breast and thyroid cancers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| ITIH4 | inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain family, member 4|The protein encoded by this gene is secreted into the blood, where it is cleaved by plasma kallikrein into two smaller forms. Expression of this gene has been detected only in liver, and it seems to be upregulated during surgical trauma. This gene is part of a cluster of similar genes on chromosome 3. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| NMI | N-myc (and STAT) interactor|NMYC interactor (NMI) encodes a protein that interacts with NMYC and CMYC (two members of the oncogene Myc family), and other transcription factors containing a Zip, HLH, or HLH-Zip motif. The NMI protein also interacts with all STATs except STAT2 and augments STAT-mediated transcription in response to cytokines IL2 and IFN-gamma. The NMI mRNA has low expression levels in all human fetal and adult tissues tested except brain and has high expression in cancer cell line-myeloid leukemias. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KIAA1549L | KIAA1549-like| |
| FXR2 | fragile X mental retardation, autosomal homolog 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a RNA binding protein containing two KH domains and one RCG box, which is similar to FMRP and FXR1. It associates with polyribosomes, predominantly with 60S large ribosomal subunits. This encoded protein may self-associate or interact with FMRP and FXR1. It may have a role in the development of fragile X mental retardation syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DDI1 | DNA-damage inducible 1 homolog 1 (S. cerevisiae)| |
| FILIP1 | filamin A interacting protein 1| |
| FAM208B | family with sequence similarity 208, member B| |
| CDT1 | chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1|The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the formation of the pre-replication complex that is necessary for DNA replication. The encoded protein can bind geminin, which prevents replication and may function to prevent this protein from initiating replication at inappropriate origins. Phosphorylation of this protein by cyclin A-dependent kinases results in degradation of the protein. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011] |
| TNFSF9 | tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 9|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This transmembrane cytokine is a bidirectional signal transducer that acts as a ligand for TNFRSF9/4-1BB, which is a costimulatory receptor molecule in T lymphocytes. This cytokine and its receptor are involved in the antigen presentation process and in the generation of cytotoxic T cells. The receptor TNFRSF9/4-1BB is absent from resting T lymphocytes but rapidly expressed upon antigenic stimulation. The ligand encoded by this gene, TNFSF9/4-1BBL, has been shown to reactivate anergic T lymphocytes in addition to promoting T lymphocyte proliferation. This cytokine has also been shown to be required for the optimal CD8 responses in CD8 T cells. This cytokine is expressed in carcinoma cell lines, and is thought to be involved in T cell-tumor cell interaction.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| TNFSF8 | tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 8|The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This cytokine is a ligand for TNFRSF8/CD30, which is a cell surface antigen and a marker for Hodgkin lymphoma and related hematologic malignancies. The engagement of this cytokine expressed on B cell surface plays an inhibitory role in modulating Ig class switch. This cytokine was shown to enhance cell proliferation of some lymphoma cell lines, while to induce cell death and reduce cell proliferation of other lymphoma cell lines. The pleiotropic biologic activities of this cytokine on different CD30+ lymphoma cell lines may play a pathophysiologic role in Hodgkin's and some non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| TRAPPC11 | trafficking protein particle complex 11|The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the TRAPP (transport protein particle) tethering complex, which functions in intracellular vesicle trafficking. This subunit is involved in early stage endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi vesicle transport. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013] |
| TRAPPC10 | trafficking protein particle complex 10|The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane protein found in the cis-Golgi complex. The encoded protein is part of the multisubunit transport protein particle (TRAPP) complex and may be involved in vesicular transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi. Mutations in this gene could be responsible for the Unverricht-Lundborg type of progressive myoclonus epilepsy, or for autoimmune polyglandular disease type 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TRAPPC13 | trafficking protein particle complex 13| |
| TRAPPC12 | trafficking protein particle complex 12| |
| CST2 | cystatin SA|The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a variety of human fluids and secretions, where they appear to provide protective functions. The cystatin locus on chromosome 20 contains the majority of the type 2 cystatin genes and pseudogenes. This gene is located in the cystatin locus and encodes a secreted thiol protease inhibitor found at high levels in saliva, tears and seminal plasma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CST3 | cystatin C|The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a variety of human fluids and secretions, where they appear to provide protective functions. The cystatin locus on chromosome 20 contains the majority of the type 2 cystatin genes and pseudogenes. This gene is located in the cystatin locus and encodes the most abundant extracellular inhibitor of cysteine proteases, which is found in high concentrations in biological fluids and is expressed in virtually all organs of the body. A mutation in this gene has been associated with amyloid angiopathy. Expression of this protein in vascular wall smooth muscle cells is severely reduced in both atherosclerotic and aneurysmal aortic lesions, establishing its role in vascular disease. In addition, this protein has been shown to have an antimicrobial function, inhibiting the replication of herpes simplex virus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding a single protein. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| CST1 | cystatin SN|The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a variety of human fluids and secretions, where they appear to provide protective functions. The cystatin locus on chromosome 20 contains the majority of the type 2 cystatin genes and pseudogenes. This gene is located in the cystatin locus and encodes a cysteine proteinase inhibitor found in saliva, tears, urine, and seminal fluid. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CST6 | cystatin E/M|The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a variety of human fluids and secretions, where they appear to provide protective functions. This gene encodes a cystatin from the type 2 family, which is down-regulated in metastatic breast tumor cells as compared to primary tumor cells. Loss of expression is likely associated with the progression of a primary tumor to a metastatic phenotype. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| HRAS | Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog|This gene belongs to the Ras oncogene family, whose members are related to the transforming genes of mammalian sarcoma retroviruses. The products encoded by these genes function in signal transduction pathways. These proteins can bind GTP and GDP, and they have intrinsic GTPase activity. This protein undergoes a continuous cycle of de- and re-palmitoylation, which regulates its rapid exchange between the plasma membrane and the Golgi apparatus. Mutations in this gene cause Costello syndrome, a disease characterized by increased growth at the prenatal stage, growth deficiency at the postnatal stage, predisposition to tumor formation, mental retardation, skin and musculoskeletal abnormalities, distinctive facial appearance and cardiovascular abnormalities. Defects in this gene are implicated in a variety of cancers, including bladder cancer, follicular thyroid cancer, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Multiple transcript variants, which encode different isoforms, have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CST4 | cystatin S|The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a variety of human fluids and secretions. The cystatin locus on chromosome 20 contains the majority of the type 2 cystatin genes and pseudogenes. This gene is located in the cystatin locus and encodes a type 2 salivary cysteine peptidase inhibitor. The protein is an S-type cystatin, based on its high level of expression in saliva, tears and seminal plasma. The specific role in these fluids is unclear but antibacterial and antiviral activity is present, consistent with a protective function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TNFSF4 | tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 4|This gene encodes a cytokine of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. The encoded protein functions in T cell antigen-presenting cell (APC) interactions and mediates adhesion of activated T cells to endothelial cells. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with Sjogren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| SKAP1 | src kinase associated phosphoprotein 1|This gene encodes a T cell adaptor protein, a class of intracellular molecules with modular domains capable of recruiting additional proteins but that exhibit no intrinsic enzymatic activity. The encoded protein contains a unique N-terminal region followed by a PH domain and C-terminal SH3 domain. Along with the adhesion and degranulation-promoting adaptor protein, the encoded protein plays a critical role in inside-out signaling by coupling T-cell antigen receptor stimulation to the activation of integrins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RRS1 | RRS1 ribosome biogenesis regulator homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| CSTA | cystatin A (stefin A)|The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins, and kininogens. This gene encodes a stefin that functions as a cysteine protease inhibitor, forming tight complexes with papain and the cathepsins B, H, and L. The protein is one of the precursor proteins of cornified cell envelope in keratinocytes and plays a role in epidermal development and maintenance. Stefins have been proposed as prognostic and diagnostic tools for cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GMPPA | GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase A|This gene is thought to encode a GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase. This enzyme catalyzes the reaction which converts mannose-1-phosphate and GTP to GDP-mannose which is involved in the production of N-linked oligosaccharides. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GMPPB | GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase B|This gene is thought to encode a GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase. The encoded protein catalyzes the conversion of mannose-1-phosphate and GTP to GDP-mannose, a reaction involved in the production of N-linked oligosaccharides. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| REEP1 | receptor accessory protein 1|This gene encodes a mitochondrial protein that functions to enhance the cell surface expression of odorant receptors. Mutations in this gene cause spastic paraplegia autosomal dominant type 31, a neurodegenerative disorder. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| AOAH | acyloxyacyl hydrolase (neutrophil)|This locus encodes both the light and heavy subunits of acyloxyacyl hydrolase. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of acyloxylacyl-linked fatty acyl chains from bacterial lipopolysaccharides, effectively detoxifying these molecules. The encoded protein may play a role in modulating host inflammatory response to gram-negative bacteria. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| ESM1 | endothelial cell-specific molecule 1|This gene encodes a secreted protein which is mainly expressed in the endothelial cells in human lung and kidney tissues. The expression of this gene is regulated by cytokines, suggesting that it may play a role in endothelium-dependent pathological disorders. The transcript contains multiple polyadenylation and mRNA instability signals. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| MAS1 | MAS1 proto-oncogene, G protein-coupled receptor|This gene encodes a class I seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor. The encoded protein is a receptor for angiotensin-(1-7) and preferentially couples to the Gq protein, activating the phospholipase C signaling pathway. The encoded protein may play a role in multiple processes including hypotension, smooth muscle relaxation and cardioprotection by mediating the effects of angiotensin-(1-7). [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| JOSD1 | Josephin domain containing 1| |
| JOSD2 | Josephin domain containing 2|This gene encodes a protein containing a Josephin domain. Josephin domain-containing proteins are deubiquitinating enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of the bond between the C-terminal glycine of the ubiquitin peptide and protein substrates. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| CMC4 | C-x(9)-C motif containing 4|This gene was identified by involvement in some t(X;14) translocations associated with mature T-cell proliferations. This region has a complex gene structure, with a common promoter and 5' exon spliced to two different sets of 3' exons that encode two different proteins. This gene represents the downstream 8 kDa protein that localizes to mitochondria.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| DLC1 | DLC1 Rho GTPase activating protein|This gene encodes a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) that is a member of the rhoGAP family of proteins which play a role in the regulation of small GTP-binding proteins. GAP family proteins participate in signaling pathways that regulate cell processes involved in cytoskeletal changes. This gene functions as a tumor suppressor gene in a number of common cancers, including prostate, lung, colorectal, and breast cancers. Multiple transcript variants due to alternative promoters and alternative splicing have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| KL | klotho|This gene encodes a type-I membrane protein that is related to beta-glucosidases. Reduced production of this protein has been observed in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), and this may be one of the factors underlying the degenerative processes (e.g., arteriosclerosis, osteoporosis, and skin atrophy) seen in CRF. Also, mutations within this protein have been associated with ageing and bone loss. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RPL10A | ribosomal protein L10a|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L1P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. The expression of this gene is downregulated in the thymus by cyclosporin-A (CsA), an immunosuppressive drug. Studies in mice have shown that the expression of the ribosomal protein L10a gene is downregulated in neural precursor cells during development. This gene previously was referred to as NEDD6 (neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 6), but it has been renamed RPL10A (ribosomal protein 10a). As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RAD52 | RAD52 homolog (S. cerevisiae)|The protein encoded by this gene shares similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad52, a protein important for DNA double-strand break repair and homologous recombination. This gene product was shown to bind single-stranded DNA ends, and mediate the DNA-DNA interaction necessary for the annealing of complementary DNA strands. It was also found to interact with DNA recombination protein RAD51, which suggested its role in RAD51 related DNA recombination and repair. A pseudogene of this gene is present on chromosome 2. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Additional alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but their full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| RAD51 | RAD51 recombinase|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAD51 protein family. RAD51 family members are highly similar to bacterial RecA and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51, and are known to be involved in the homologous recombination and repair of DNA. This protein can interact with the ssDNA-binding protein RPA and RAD52, and it is thought to play roles in homologous pairing and strand transfer of DNA. This protein is also found to interact with BRCA1 and BRCA2, which may be important for the cellular response to DNA damage. BRCA2 is shown to regulate both the intracellular localization and DNA-binding ability of this protein. Loss of these controls following BRCA2 inactivation may be a key event leading to genomic instability and tumorigenesis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| ENDOD1 | endonuclease domain containing 1| |
| AMIGO1 | adhesion molecule with Ig-like domain 1| |
| RPL10L | ribosomal protein L10-like|This gene encodes a protein sharing sequence similarity with ribosomal protein L10. It is not currently known whether the encoded protein is a functional ribosomal protein or whether it has evolved a function that is independent of the ribosome. This gene is intronless. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| KY | kyphoscoliosis peptidase| |
| AMIGO2 | adhesion molecule with Ig-like domain 2| |
| USP8 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 8|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the ubiquitin-specific processing protease family of proteins. The encoded protein is thought to regulate the morphology of the endosome by ubiquitination of proteins on this organelle and is involved in cargo sorting and membrane trafficking at the early endosome stage. This protein is required for the cell to enter the S phase of the cell cycle and also functions as a positive regulator in the Hedgehog signaling pathway in development. Pseudogenes of this gene are present on chromosomes 2 and 6. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| CECR1 | cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 1|This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of the adenosine deaminase protein family. The encoded protein is one of two adenosine deaminases found in humans, which regulate levels of the signaling molecule, adenosine. The encoded protein is secreted from monocytes undergoing differentiation and may regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. This gene may be responsible for some of the phenotypic features associated with cat eye syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| USP1 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 1|This gene encodes a member of the ubiquitin-specific processing (UBP) family of proteases that is a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) with His and Cys domains. This protein is located in the cytoplasm and cleaves the ubiquitin moiety from ubiquitin-fused precursors and ubiquitinylated proteins. The protein specifically deubiquitinates a protein in the Fanconi anemia (FA) DNA repair pathway. Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| USP2 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 2|This gene encodes a member of the family of de-ubiquitinating enzymes, which belongs to the peptidase C19 superfamily. The encoded protein is a ubiquitin-specific protease which is required for TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha) -induced NF-kB (nuclear factor kB) signaling. This protein deubiquitinates polyubiquitinated target proteins such as fatty acid synthase, murine double minute 2 (MDM2), MDM4/MDMX and cyclin D1. MDM2 and MDM4 are negative regulators of the p53 tumor suppressor and cyclin D1 is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| USP3 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 3| |
| USP4 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 4 (proto-oncogene)|The protein encoded by this gene is a protease that deubiquitinates target proteins such as ADORA2A and TRIM21. The encoded protein shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm and is involved in maintaining operational fidelity in the endoplasmic reticulum. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| USP5 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 5 (isopeptidase T)|Ubiquitin (see MIM 191339)-dependent proteolysis is a complex pathway of protein metabolism implicated in such diverse cellular functions as maintenance of chromatin structure, receptor function, and degradation of abnormal proteins. A late step of the process involves disassembly of the polyubiquitin chains on degraded proteins into ubiquitin monomers. USP5 disassembles branched polyubiquitin chains by a sequential exo mechanism, starting at the proximal end of the chain (Wilkinson et al., 1995 [PubMed 7578059]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2010] |
| USP6 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 6| |
| USP7 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 7 (herpes virus-associated)| |
| FAM86C1 | family with sequence similarity 86, member C1| |
| SOX8 | SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 8|This gene encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of the cell fate. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional activator after forming a protein complex with other proteins. This protein may be involved in brain development and function. Haploinsufficiency for this protein may contribute to the mental retardation found in haemoglobin H-related mental retardation (ART-16 syndrome). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SOX9 | SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9|The protein encoded by this gene recognizes the sequence CCTTGAG along with other members of the HMG-box class DNA-binding proteins. It acts during chondrocyte differentiation and, with steroidogenic factor 1, regulates transcription of the anti-Muellerian hormone (AMH) gene. Deficiencies lead to the skeletal malformation syndrome campomelic dysplasia, frequently with sex reversal. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNF38 | ring finger protein 38|This gene encodes a protein with a coiled-coil motif and a RING-H2 motif (C3H2C2) at its carboxy-terminus. The RING motif is a zinc-binding domain found in a large set of proteins playing roles in diverse cellular processes including oncogenesis, development, signal transduction, and apoptosis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| RNF39 | ring finger protein 39|This gene lies within the major histocompatibility complex class I region on chromosome 6. Studies of a similar rat protein suggest that this gene encodes a protein that plays a role in an early phase of synaptic plasticity. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SOX2 | SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2|This intronless gene encodes a member of the SRY-related HMG-box (SOX) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of cell fate. The product of this gene is required for stem-cell maintenance in the central nervous system, and also regulates gene expression in the stomach. Mutations in this gene have been associated with optic nerve hypoplasia and with syndromic microphthalmia, a severe form of structural eye malformation. This gene lies within an intron of another gene called SOX2 overlapping transcript (SOX2OT). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SOX3 | SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 3|This gene encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of the cell fate. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional regulator after forming a protein complex with other proteins. Mutations in this gene have been associated with X-linked mental retardation with growth hormone deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNF34 | ring finger protein 34, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RINF finger, a motif known to be involved in protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. This protein interacts with DNAJA3/hTid-1, which is a DnaJ protein reported to function as a modulator of apoptosis. Overexpression of this gene in Hela cells was shown to confer the resistance to TNF-alpha induced apoptosis, suggesting an anti-apoptotic function of this protein. This protein can be cleaved by caspase-3 during the induction of apoptosis. This protein also targets p53 and phospho-p53 for degradation. Alternatively splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| SOX1 | SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 1|This intronless gene encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of the cell fate. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional activator after forming a protein complex with other proteins. In mice, a similar protein regulates the gamma-crystallin genes and is essential for lens development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SOX6 | SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 6|This gene encodes a member of the D subfamily of sex determining region y-related transcription factors that are characterized by a conserved DNA-binding domain termed the high mobility group box and by their ability to bind the minor groove of DNA. The encoded protein is a transcriptional activator that is required for normal development of the central nervous system, chondrogenesis and maintenance of cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. The encoded protein interacts with other family members to cooperatively activate gene expression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| SOX7 | SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 7|This gene encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of the cell fate. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional regulator after forming a protein complex with other proteins. The protein may play a role in tumorigenesis. A similar protein in mice is involved in the regulation of the wingless-type MMTV integration site family (Wnt) pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SOX4 | SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 4|This intronless gene encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of the cell fate. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional regulator after forming a protein complex with other proteins, such as syndecan binding protein (syntenin). The protein may function in the apoptosis pathway leading to cell death as well as to tumorigenesis and may mediate downstream effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein (PTHrP) in bone development. The solution structure has been resolved for the HMG-box of a similar mouse protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RNF31 | ring finger protein 31|The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger, a motif present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and known to be involved in protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF721 | zinc finger protein 721| |
| CEBPB | CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta|This intronless gene encodes a transcription factor that contains a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domain. The encoded protein functions as a homodimer but can also form heterodimers with CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins alpha, delta, and gamma. Activity of this protein is important in the regulation of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses, among other processes. The use of alternative in-frame AUG start codons results in multiple protein isoforms, each with distinct biological functions. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2013] |
| CEBPA | CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha|This intronless gene encodes a transcription factor that contains a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domain and recognizes the CCAAT motif in the promoters of target genes. The encoded protein functions in homodimers and also heterodimers with CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins beta and gamma. Activity of this protein can modulate the expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation as well as in body weight homeostasis. Mutation of this gene is associated with acute myeloid leukemia. The use of alternative in-frame non-AUG (GUG) and AUG start codons results in protein isoforms with different lengths. Differential translation initiation is mediated by an out-of-frame, upstream open reading frame which is located between the GUG and the first AUG start codons. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| CEBPG | CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), gamma|The C/EBP family of transcription factors regulates viral and cellular CCAAT/enhancer element-mediated transcription. C/EBP proteins contain the bZIP region, which is characterized by two motifs in the C-terminal half of the protein: a basic region involved in DNA binding and a leucine zipper motif involved in dimerization. The C/EBP family consist of several related proteins, C/EBP alpha, C/EBP beta, C/EBP gamma, and C/EBP delta, that form homodimers and that form heterodimers with each other. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein gamma may cooperate with Fos to bind PRE-I enhancer elements. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| CEBPE | CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), epsilon|The protein encoded by this gene is a bZIP transcription factor which can bind as a homodimer to certain DNA regulatory regions. It can also form heterodimers with the related protein CEBP-delta. The encoded protein may be essential for terminal differentiation and functional maturation of committed granulocyte progenitor cells. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Specific Granule Deficiency, a rare congenital disorder. Multiple variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of only one has been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CEBPD | CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), delta|The protein encoded by this intronless gene is a bZIP transcription factor which can bind as a homodimer to certain DNA regulatory regions. It can also form heterodimers with the related protein CEBP-alpha. The encoded protein is important in the regulation of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses, and may be involved in the regulation of genes associated with activation and/or differentiation of macrophages. The cytogenetic location of this locus has been reported as both 8p11 and 8q11. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| TPPP | tubulin polymerization promoting protein| |
| ZNF728 | zinc finger protein 728| |
| PHKB | phosphorylase kinase, beta|Phosphorylase kinase is a polymer of 16 subunits, four each of alpha, beta, gamma and delta. The alpha subunit includes the skeletal muscle and hepatic isoforms, encoded by two different genes. The beta subunit is the same in both the muscle and hepatic isoforms, encoded by this gene, which is a member of the phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit family. The gamma subunit also includes the skeletal muscle and hepatic isoforms, encoded by two different genes. The delta subunit is a calmodulin and can be encoded by three different genes. The gamma subunits contain the active site of the enzyme, whereas the alpha and beta subunits have regulatory functions controlled by phosphorylation. The delta subunit mediates the dependence of the enzyme on calcium concentration. Mutations in this gene cause glycogen storage disease type 9B, also known as phosphorylase kinase deficiency of liver and muscle. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified in this gene. Two pseudogenes have been found on chromosomes 14 and 20, respectively.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| ZNF546 | zinc finger protein 546| |
| SLC13A1 | solute carrier family 13 (sodium/sulfate symporter), member 1| |
| ZNF541 | zinc finger protein 541| |
| PITPNB | phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, beta|This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein that catalyzes the transfer of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine between membranes. This transfer activity is required for COPI complex-mediated retrograde transport from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| MAP3K15 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 15|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. These family members function in a protein kinase signal transduction cascade, where an activated MAPK kinase kinase (MAP3K) phosphorylates and activates a specific MAPK kinase (MAP2K), which then activates a specific MAPK. This MAP3K protein plays an essential role in apoptotic cell death triggered by cellular stresses. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| KLRC1 | killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 1|Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. They can also regulate specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the killer cell lectin-like receptor family, also called NKG2 family, which is a group of transmembrane proteins preferentially expressed in NK cells. This family of proteins is characterized by the type II membrane orientation and the presence of a C-type lectin domain. This protein forms a complex with another family member, KLRD1/CD94, and has been implicated in the recognition of the MHC class I HLA-E molecules in NK cells. The genes of NKG2 family members form a killer cell lectin-like receptor gene cluster on chromosome 12. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| INTS2 | integrator complex subunit 2|INTS2 is a subunit of the Integrator complex, which associates with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II large subunit (POLR2A; MIM 180660) and mediates 3-prime end processing of small nuclear RNAs U1 (RNU1; MIM 180680) and U2 (RNU2; MIM 180690) (Baillat et al., 2005 [PubMed 16239144]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| INTS1 | integrator complex subunit 1|INTS1 is a subunit of the Integrator complex, which associates with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II large subunit (POLR2A; MIM 180660) and mediates 3-prime end processing of small nuclear RNAs U1 (RNU1; MIM 180680) and U2 (RNU2; MIM 180690) (Baillat et al., 2005 [PubMed 16239144]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| STARD9 | StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain containing 9| |
| INTS7 | integrator complex subunit 7|This gene encodes a subunit of the integrator complex. The integrator complex associates with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II and mediates 3'-end processing of the small nuclear RNAs U1 and U2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| INTS6 | integrator complex subunit 6|DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. The protein encoded by this gene is a DEAD box protein that is part of a complex that interacts with the C-terminus of RNA polymerase II and is involved in 3' end processing of snRNAs. In addition, this gene is a candidate tumor suppressor and is located in the critical region of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| ZC3H7A | zinc finger CCCH-type containing 7A| |
| INTS4 | integrator complex subunit 4|INTS4 is a subunit of the Integrator complex, which associates with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II large subunit (POLR2A; MIM 180660) and mediates 3-prime end processing of small nuclear RNAs U1 (RNU1; MIM 180680) and U2 (RNU2; MIM 180690) (Baillat et al., 2005 [PubMed 16239144]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| TPP1 | tripeptidyl peptidase I|This gene encodes a member of the sedolisin family of serine proteases. The protease functions in the lysosome to cleave N-terminal tripeptides from substrates, and has weaker endopeptidase activity. It is synthesized as a catalytically-inactive enzyme which is activated and auto-proteolyzed upon acidification. Mutations in this gene result in late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, which is associated with the failure to degrade specific neuropeptides and a subunit of ATP synthase in the lysosome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| INTS9 | integrator complex subunit 9|This gene encodes a subunit of the Integrator complex. This protein complex binds the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II and likely plays a role in small nuclear RNA processing. The encoded protein has similarities to the subunits of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor complex. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| INTS8 | integrator complex subunit 8|This gene encodes a subunit of the Integrator complex which is involved in the cleavage of small nuclear RNAs U1 and U2 within the nucleus. The encoded protein associates with RNA polymerase II and is recruited to the U1 and U2 small nuclear RNA genes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012] |
| FXYD3 | FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 3|This gene belongs to a small family of FXYD-domain containing regulators of Na+/K+ ATPases which share a 35-amino acid signature sequence domain, beginning with the sequence PFXYD, and containing 7 invariant and 6 highly conserved amino acids. This gene encodes a cell membrane protein that may regulate the function of ion-pumps and ion-channels. This gene may also play a role in tumor progression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| PPFIA4 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, f polypeptide (PTPRF), interacting protein (liprin), alpha 4|PPFIA4, or liprin-alpha-4, belongs to the liprin-alpha gene family. See liprin-alpha-1 (LIP1, or PPFIA1; MIM 611054) for background on liprins.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| RGS4 | regulator of G-protein signaling 4|Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) family members are regulatory molecules that act as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) for G alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. RGS proteins are able to deactivate G protein subunits of the Gi alpha, Go alpha and Gq alpha subtypes. They drive G proteins into their inactive GDP-bound forms. Regulator of G protein signaling 4 belongs to this family. All RGS proteins share a conserved 120-amino acid sequence termed the RGS domain. Regulator of G protein signaling 4 protein is 37% identical to RGS1 and 97% identical to rat Rgs4. This protein negatively regulate signaling upstream or at the level of the heterotrimeric G protein and is localized in the cytoplasm. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TNFRSF11A | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11a, NFKB activator|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptors can interact with various TRAF family proteins, through which this receptor induces the activation of NF-kappa B and MAPK8/JNK. This receptor and its ligand are important regulators of the interaction between T cells and dendritic cells. This receptor is also an essential mediator for osteoclast and lymph node development. Mutations at this locus have been associated with familial expansile osteolysis, autosomal recessive osteopetrosis, and Paget disease of bone. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this locus. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| TNFRSF11B | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11b|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This protein is an osteoblast-secreted decoy receptor that functions as a negative regulator of bone resorption. This protein specifically binds to its ligand, osteoprotegerin ligand, both of which are key extracellular regulators of osteoclast development. Studies of the mouse counterpart also suggest that this protein and its ligand play a role in lymph-node organogenesis and vascular calcification. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been reported, but their full length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CRNN | cornulin|This gene encodes a member of the "fused gene" family of proteins, which contain N-terminus EF-hand domains and multiple tandem peptide repeats. The encoded protein contains two EF-hand Ca2+ binding domains in its N-terminus and two glutamine- and threonine-rich 60 amino acid repeats in its C-terminus. This gene, also known as squamous epithelial heat shock protein 53, may play a role in the mucosal/epithelial immune response and epidermal differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009] |
| OGT | O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase|This gene encodes a glycosyltransferase that catalyzes the addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine in O-glycosidic linkage to serine or threonine residues. Since both phosphorylation and glycosylation compete for similar serine or threonine residues, the two processes may compete for sites, or they may alter the substrate specificity of nearby sites by steric or electrostatic effects. The protein contains multiple tetratricopeptide repeats that are required for optimal recognition of substrates. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| CTNNA1 | catenin (cadherin-associated protein), alpha 1, 102kDa| |
| CTNNA2 | catenin (cadherin-associated protein), alpha 2| |
| ELL3 | elongation factor RNA polymerase II-like 3| |
| CHRNA4 | cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 4 (neuronal)|This gene encodes a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, which belongs to a superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels that play a role in fast signal transmission at synapses. These pentameric receptors can bind acetylcholine, which causes an extensive change in conformation that leads to the opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane. This protein is an integral membrane receptor subunit that can interact with either nAChR beta-2 or nAChR beta-4 to form a functional receptor. Mutations in this gene cause nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy type 1. Polymorphisms in this gene that provide protection against nicotine addiction have been described. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| FIZ1 | FLT3-interacting zinc finger 1|This gene encodes zinc finger protein, which interacts with a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the regulation of hematopoietic and lymphoid cells. This gene product also interacts with a transcription factor that regulates the expression of rod-specific genes in retina. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PAGR1 | PAXIP1 associated glutamate-rich protein 1|C16ORF53 (PA1) is a component of a Set1-like multiprotein histone methyltransferase complex (Cho et al., 2007 [PubMed 17500065]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2008] |
| CHSY3 | chondroitin sulfate synthase 3|CSS3 is a glycosyltransferase that has both glucuronyltransferase and N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activities (Yada et al., 2003 [PubMed 12907687]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| ZNF548 | zinc finger protein 548| |
| SLC1A2 | solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2|This gene encodes a member of a family of solute transporter proteins. The membrane-bound protein is the principal transporter that clears the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate from the extracellular space at synapses in the central nervous system. Glutamate clearance is necessary for proper synaptic activation and to prevent neuronal damage from excessive activation of glutamate receptors. Mutations in and decreased expression of this protein are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| KRTAP9-2 | keratin associated protein 9-2|This protein is a member of the keratin-associated protein (KAP) family. The KAP proteins form a matrix of keratin intermediate filaments which contribute to the structure of hair fibers. KAP family members appear to have unique, family-specific amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions and are subdivided into three multi-gene families according to amino acid composition: the high sulfur, the ultrahigh sulfur, and the high tyrosine/glycine KAPs. This protein is a member of the ultrahigh sulfur KAP family and the gene is localized to a cluster of KAPs at 17q12-q21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TGIF1 | TGFB-induced factor homeobox 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the three-amino acid loop extension (TALE) superclass of atypical homeodomains. TALE homeobox proteins are highly conserved transcription regulators. This particular homeodomain binds to a previously characterized retinoid X receptor responsive element from the cellular retinol-binding protein II promoter. In addition to its role in inhibiting 9-cis-retinoic acid-dependent RXR alpha transcription activation of the retinoic acid responsive element, the protein is an active transcriptional co-repressor of SMAD2 and may participate in the transmission of nuclear signals during development and in the adult. Mutations in this gene are associated with holoprosencephaly type 4, which is a structural anomaly of the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and multiple splice variants encoding distinct isoforms are described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| ARHGEF40 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 40|This gene encodes a protein similar to guanosine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho GTPases. The encoded protein contains in its C-terminus a GEF domain involved in exchange activity and a pleckstrin homology domain. Alternatively spliced transcripts that encode different proteins have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014] |
| TOMM40 | translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 homolog (yeast)|TOMM40 is the channel-forming subunit of the translocase of the mitochondrial outer membrane (TOM) complex that is essential for protein import into mitochondria (Humphries et al., 2005 [PubMed 15644312]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2008] |
| TM7SF3 | transmembrane 7 superfamily member 3| |
| TM7SF2 | transmembrane 7 superfamily member 2| |
| EPB41L4B | erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 like 4B| |
| BGN | biglycan|The protein encoded by this gene is a small cellular or pericellular matrix proteoglycan that is closely related in structure to two other small proteoglycans, decorin and fibromodulin. The encoded protein and decorin are thought to be the result of a gene duplication. Decorin contains one attached glycosaminoglycan chain, while this protein probably contains two chains. For this reason, this protein is called biglycan. This protein plays a role in assembly of collagen fibrils and muscle regeneration. It interacts with several proteins involved in muscular dystrophy, including alpha-dystroglycan, alpha- and gamma-sarcoglycan and collagen VI, and it is critical for the assembly of the dystrophin-associated protein complex. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| EPB41L4A | erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 like 4A|Members of the band 4.1 protein superfamily, including EPB41L4A, are thought to regulate the interaction between the cytoskeleton and plasma membrane (Ishiguro et al., 2000 [PubMed 10874211]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2008] |
| MYL6 | myosin, light chain 6, alkali, smooth muscle and non-muscle|Myosin is a hexameric ATPase cellular motor protein. It is composed of two heavy chains, two nonphosphorylatable alkali light chains, and two phosphorylatable regulatory light chains. This gene encodes a myosin alkali light chain that is expressed in smooth muscle and non-muscle tissues. Genomic sequences representing several pseudogenes have been described and two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MYL7 | myosin, light chain 7, regulatory| |
| LURAP1L | leucine rich adaptor protein 1-like| |
| MYL5 | myosin, light chain 5, regulatory|This gene encodes one of the myosin light chains, a component of the hexameric ATPase cellular motor protein myosin. Myosin is composed of two heavy chains, two nonphosphorylatable alkali light chains, and two phosphorylatable regulatory light chains. This gene product, one of the regulatory light chains, is expressed in fetal muscle and in adult retina, cerebellum, and basal ganglia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MYL2 | myosin, light chain 2, regulatory, cardiac, slow|Thus gene encodes the regulatory light chain associated with cardiac myosin beta (or slow) heavy chain. Ca+ triggers the phosphorylation of regulatory light chain that in turn triggers contraction. Mutations in this gene are associated with mid-left ventricular chamber type hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MEIS1 | Meis homeobox 1|Homeobox genes, of which the most well-characterized category is represented by the HOX genes, play a crucial role in normal development. In addition, several homeoproteins are involved in neoplasia. This gene encodes a homeobox protein belonging to the TALE ('three amino acid loop extension') family of homeodomain-containing proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BLCAP | bladder cancer associated protein|This gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein that reduces cell growth by stimulating apoptosis. The first intron of this gene contains the neuronatin gene, which is imprinted and only expressed from the paternal allele. This gene is imprinted in brain where it is differentially expressed from different promoters. Transcription from the upstream promoter occurs preferentially on the maternal allele, and transcripts are preferentially expressed from the downstream promoter on the paternal allele. Alternative promoters and alternative splicing result in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| ATP2C2 | ATPase, Ca++ transporting, type 2C, member 2| |
| ATP2C1 | ATPase, Ca++ transporting, type 2C, member 1|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases. This magnesium-dependent enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of calcium ions. Defects in this gene cause Hailey-Hailey disease, an autosomal dominant disorder. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| CDKN2AIPNL | CDKN2A interacting protein N-terminal like| |
| MYL9 | myosin, light chain 9, regulatory|Myosin, a structural component of muscle, consists of two heavy chains and four light chains. The protein encoded by this gene is a myosin light chain that may regulate muscle contraction by modulating the ATPase activity of myosin heads. The encoded protein binds calcium and is activated by myosin light chain kinase. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CERS6 | ceramide synthase 6| |
| NCEH1 | neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1| |
| CERS5 | ceramide synthase 5|This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the TLC (TRAM, LAG1 and CLN8 homology domains) family of proteins. The encoded protein functions in the synthesis of ceramide, a lipid molecule that is involved in a several cellular signaling pathways. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| CERS2 | ceramide synthase 2|This gene encodes a protein that has sequence similarity to yeast longevity assurance gene 1. Mutation or overexpression of the related gene in yeast has been shown to alter yeast lifespan. The human protein may play a role in the regulation of cell growth. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| LINGO2 | leucine rich repeat and Ig domain containing 2| |
| LINGO1 | leucine rich repeat and Ig domain containing 1| |
| CERS1 | ceramide synthase 1|This gene encodes a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family and the TGF-beta superfamily. This group of proteins is characterized by a polybasic proteolytic processing site that is cleaved to produce a mature protein containing seven conserved cysteine residues. Members of this family are regulators of cell growth and differentiation in both embryonic and adult tissues. Studies in yeast suggest that the encoded protein is involved in aging. This protein is transcribed from a monocistronic mRNA as well as a bicistronic mRNA, which also encodes growth differentiation factor 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CHSY1 | chondroitin sulfate synthase 1|This gene encodes a member of the chondroitin N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase family. These enzymes possess dual glucuronyltransferase and galactosaminyltransferase activity and play critical roles in the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan involved in many biological processes including cell proliferation and morphogenesis. Decreased expression of this gene may play a role in colorectal cancer, and mutations in this gene are a cause of temtamy preaxial brachydactyly syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| MPP2 | membrane protein, palmitoylated 2 (MAGUK p55 subfamily member 2)|Palmitoylated membrane protein 2 is a member of a family of membrane-associated proteins termed MAGUKs (membrane-associated guanylate kinase homologs). MAGUKs interact with the cytoskeleton and regulate cell proliferation, signaling pathways, and intracellular junctions. Palmitoylated membrane protein 2 contains a conserved sequence, called the SH3 (src homology 3) motif, found in several other proteins that associate with the cytoskeleton and are suspected to play important roles in signal transduction. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TFB2M | transcription factor B2, mitochondrial| |
| SFTPC | surfactant protein C|This gene encodes the pulmonary-associated surfactant protein C (SPC), an extremely hydrophobic surfactant protein essential for lung function and homeostasis after birth. Pulmonary surfactant is a surface-active lipoprotein complex composed of 90% lipids and 10% proteins which include plasma proteins and apolipoproteins SPA, SPB, SPC and SPD. The surfactant is secreted by the alveolar cells of the lung and maintains the stability of pulmonary tissue by reducing the surface tension of fluids that coat the lung. Multiple mutations in this gene have been identified, which cause pulmonary surfactant metabolism dysfunction type 2, also called pulmonary alveolar proteinosis due to surfactant protein C deficiency, and are associated with interstitial lung disease in older infants, children, and adults. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| MPP7 | membrane protein, palmitoylated 7 (MAGUK p55 subfamily member 7)|Membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUKs) are important adaptor proteins involved in the assembly of protein complexes at sites of cell-cell contact. They are found in synapses, adherens junctions, and tight junctions. All MAGUKs contain at least 1 PDZ domain, an SH3 domain, and a GUK domain, and many contain 1 or 2 L27 domains, which are involved in multimerization of MAGUKs. MPP7 belongs to the p55 stardust subfamily of MAGUKs, which is named for a Drosophila gene required for establishment of cell polarity in the developing fly embryo (Bohl et al., 2007 [PubMed 17237226]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MPP6 | membrane protein, palmitoylated 6 (MAGUK p55 subfamily member 6)|Members of the peripheral membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family function in tumor suppression and receptor clustering by forming multiprotein complexes containing distinct sets of transmembrane, cytoskeletal, and cytoplasmic signaling proteins. All MAGUKs contain a PDZ-SH3-GUK core and are divided into 4 subfamilies, DLG-like (see DLG1; MIM 601014), ZO1-like (see TJP1; MIM 601009), p55-like (see MPP1; MIM 305360), and LIN2-like (see CASK; MIM 300172), based on their size and the presence of additional domains. MPP6 is a member of the p55-like MAGUK subfamily (Tseng et al., 2001 [PubMed 11311936]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| MPP5 | membrane protein, palmitoylated 5 (MAGUK p55 subfamily member 5)|This gene encodes a member of the p55-like subfamily of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) gene superfamily. The encoded protein participates in the polarization of differentiating cells, has been shown to regulate myelinating Schwann cells (PMID: 20237282), and is one of the components of the Crumbs complex in the retina. Mice which express lower levels of the orthologous protein have retinal degeneration and impaired vision (PMID: 22114289). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| CHRNA9 | cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 9 (neuronal)|This gene is a member of the ligand-gated ionic channel family and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene superfamily. It encodes a plasma membrane protein that forms homo- or hetero-oligomeric divalent cation channels. This protein is involved in cochlea hair cell development and is also expressed in the outer hair cells (OHCs) of the adult cochlea. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| FAM110A | family with sequence similarity 110, member A| |
| INHBA | inhibin, beta A|The inhibin beta A subunit joins the alpha subunit to form a pituitary FSH secretion inhibitor. Inhibin has been shown to regulate gonadal stromal cell proliferation negatively and to have tumor-suppressor activity. In addition, serum levels of inhibin have been shown to reflect the size of granulosa-cell tumors and can therefore be used as a marker for primary as well as recurrent disease. Because expression in gonadal and various extragonadal tissues may vary severalfold in a tissue-specific fashion, it is proposed that inhibin may be both a growth/differentiation factor and a hormone. Furthermore, the beta A subunit forms a homodimer, activin A, and also joins with a beta B subunit to form a heterodimer, activin AB, both of which stimulate FSH secretion. Finally, it has been shown that the beta A subunit mRNA is identical to the erythroid differentiation factor subunit mRNA and that only one gene for this mRNA exists in the human genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| INHBB | inhibin, beta B|The inhibin beta B subunit joins the alpha subunit to form a pituitary FSH secretion inhibitor. Inhibin has been shown to regulate gonadal stromal cell proliferation negatively and to have tumour-suppressor activity. In addition, serum levels of inhibin have been shown to reflect the size of granulosa-cell tumors and can therefore be used as a marker for primary as well as recurrent disease. Because expression in gonadal and various extragonadal tissues may vary severalfold in a tissue-specific fashion, it is proposed that inhibin may be both a growth/differentiation factor and a hormone. Furthermore, the beta B subunit forms a homodimer, activin B, and also joins with the beta A subunit to form a heterodimer, activin AB, both of which stimulate FSH secretion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| INHBC | inhibin, beta C|This gene encodes the beta C chain of inhibin, a member of the TGF-beta superfamily. This subunit forms heterodimers with beta A and beta B subunits. Inhibins and activins, also members of the TGF-beta superfamily, are hormones with opposing actions and are involved in hypothalamic, pituitary, and gonadal hormone secretion, as well as growth and differentiation of various cell types. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| INHBE | inhibin, beta E|INHBE is a member of the activin beta family (see INHBA; MIM 147290) that plays a role in pancreatic exocrine cell growth and proliferation (Hashimoto et al., 2006 [PubMed 16426570]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2008] |
| GP5 | glycoprotein V (platelet)|Human platelet glycoprotein V (GP5) is a part of the Ib-V-IX system of surface glycoproteins that constitute the receptor for von Willebrand factor (VWF; MIM 613160) and mediate the adhesion of platelets to injured vascular surfaces in the arterial circulation, a critical initiating event in hemostasis. The main portion of the receptor is a heterodimer composed of 2 polypeptide chains, an alpha chain (GP1BA; MIM 606672) and a beta chain (GP1BB; MIM 138720), that are linked by disulfide bonds. The complete receptor complex includes noncovalent association of the alpha and beta subunits with platelet glycoprotein IX (GP9; MIM 173515) and GP5. Mutations in GP1BA, GP1BB, and GP9 have been shown to cause Bernard-Soulier syndrome (MIM 231200), a bleeding disorder (review by Lopez et al., 1998 [PubMed 9616133]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010] |
| GP6 | glycoprotein VI (platelet)|This gene encodes a platelet membrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein is a receptor for collagen and plays a critical role in collagen-induced platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. The encoded protein forms a complex with the Fc receptor gamma-chain that initiates the platelet activation signaling cascade upon collagen binding. Mutations in this gene are a cause of platelet-type bleeding disorder-11 (BDPLT11). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| TUBGCP3 | tubulin, gamma complex associated protein 3| |
| IDI2 | isopentenyl-diphosphate delta isomerase 2| |
| GP2 | glycoprotein 2 (zymogen granule membrane)|This gene encodes an integral membrane protein that is secreted from intracellular zymogen granules and associates with the plasma membrane via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage. The encoded protein binds pathogens such as enterobacteria, thereby playing an important role in the innate immune response. The C-terminus of this protein is related to the C-terminus of the protein encoded by the neighboring gene, uromodulin (UMOD). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| SPTB | spectrin, beta, erythrocytic|This locus encodes a member of the spectrin gene family. Spectrin proteins, along with ankyrin, play a role in cell membrane organization and stability. The protein encoded by this locus functions in stability of erythrocyte membranes, and mutations in this gene have been associated with spherocytosis type 2, hereditary elliptocytosis, and neonatal hemolytic anemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| PRPSAP1 | phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase-associated protein 1| |
| GPI | glucose-6-phosphate isomerase|This gene encodes a member of the glucose phosphate isomerase protein family. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. In the cytoplasm, the gene product functions as a glycolytic enzyme (glucose-6-phosphate isomerase) that interconverts glucose-6-phophsate and fructose-6-phosphate. Extracellularly, the encoded protein (also referred to as neuroleukin) functions as a neurotrophic factor that promotes survival of skeletal motor neurons and sensory neurons, and as a lymphokine that induces immunoglobulin secretion. The encoded protein is also referred to as autocrine motility factor based on an additional function as a tumor-secreted cytokine and angiogenic factor. Defects in this gene are the cause of nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia and a severe enzyme deficiency can be associated with hydrops fetalis, immediate neonatal death and neurological impairment. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| FAM210B | family with sequence similarity 210, member B| |
| PRPSAP2 | phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase-associated protein 2|This gene encodes a protein that associates with the enzyme phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase (PRS). PRS catalyzes the formation of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate which is a substrate for synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, histidine, tryptophan and NAD. PRS exists as a complex with two catalytic subunits and two associated subunits. This gene encodes a non-catalytic associated subunit of PRS. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| SNTG1 | syntrophin, gamma 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the syntrophin family. Syntrophins are cytoplasmic peripheral membrane proteins that typically contain 2 pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, a PDZ domain that bisects the first PH domain, and a C-terminal domain that mediates dystrophin binding. This gene is specifically expressed in the brain. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| EXTL1 | exostosin-like glycosyltransferase 1|This gene is a member of the multiple exostoses (EXT) family of glycosyltransferases, which function in the chain polymerization of heparan sulfate and heparin. The encoded protein harbors alpha 1,4- N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity, and is involved in chain elongation of heparan sulfate and possibly heparin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ASB12 | ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 12|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing (ASB) family of proteins. They contain ankyrin repeat sequence and a SOCS box domain. The SOCS box serves to couple suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins and their binding partners with the elongin B and C complex, possibly targeting them for degradation. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| SYT15 | synaptotagmin XV|This gene encodes a member of the Synaptotagmin (Syt) family of membrane trafficking proteins. Members of this family contain a transmembrane region and a C-terminal-type tandem C2 domain. Unlike related family members, the encoded protein may be involved in membrane trafficking in non-neuronal tissues. Two trancript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CEP152 | centrosomal protein 152kDa|This gene encodes a protein that is thought to be involved with centrosome function. Mutations in this gene have been associated with primary microcephaly (MCPH4). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| ETFDH | electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase|This gene encodes a component of the electron-transfer system in mitochondria and is essential for electron transfer from a number of mitochondrial flavin-containing dehydrogenases to the main respiratory chain. Mutations in this gene are associated with glutaric acidemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| RGSL1 | regulator of G-protein signaling like 1| |
| GUSB | glucuronidase, beta|This gene encodes a hydrolase that degrades glycosaminoglycans, including heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and chondroitin-4,6-sulfate. The enzyme forms a homotetramer that is localized to the lysosome. Mutations in this gene result in mucopolysaccharidosis type VII. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. There are many pseudogenes of this locus in the human genome.[provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| GPT | glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (alanine aminotransferase)|This gene encodes cytosolic alanine aminotransaminase 1 (ALT1); also known as glutamate-pyruvate transaminase 1. This enzyme catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to generate pyruvate and glutamate and, therefore, plays a key role in the intermediary metabolism of glucose and amino acids. Serum activity levels of this enzyme are routinely used as a biomarker of liver injury caused by drug toxicity, infection, alcohol, and steatosis. A related gene on chromosome 16 encodes a putative mitochondrial alanine aminotransaminase.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| RGS12 | regulator of G-protein signaling 12|This gene encodes a member of the 'regulator of G protein signaling' (RGS) gene family. The encoded protein may function as a guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase)-activating protein as well as a transcriptional repressor. This protein may play a role in tumorigenesis. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. Other alternative splice variants have been described but their biological nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAN1A2 | mannosidase, alpha, class 1A, member 2|Alpha-mannosidases function at different stages of N-glycan maturation in mammalian cells. See MAN2A1 (MIM 154582) for general information.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| IKBKB | inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase beta|The protein encoded by this gene phosphorylates the inhibitor in the inhibitor/NF-kappa-B complex, causing dissociation of the inhibitor and activation of NF-kappa-B. The encoded protein itself is found in a complex of proteins. Several transcript variants, some protein-coding and some not, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| ATIC | 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase|This gene encodes a bifunctional protein that catalyzes the last two steps of the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway. The N-terminal domain has phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase activity, and the C-terminal domain has IMP cyclohydrolase activity. A mutation in this gene results in AICA-ribosiduria. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| NIN | ninein (GSK3B interacting protein)|This gene encodes one of the proteins important for centrosomal function. This protein is important for positioning and anchoring the microtubules minus-ends in epithelial cells. Localization of this protein to the centrosome requires three leucine zippers in the central coiled-coil domain. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OTX1 | orthodenticle homeobox 1|This gene encodes a member of the bicoid sub-family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors. The encoded protein acts as a transcription factor and may play a role in brain and sensory organ development. A similar protein in mouse is required for proper brain and sensory organ development and can cause epilepsy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| RGS11 | regulator of G-protein signaling 11|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the RGS (regulator of G protein signaling) family. Members of the RGS family act as GTPase-activating proteins on the alpha subunits of heterotrimeric, signal-transducing G proteins. This protein inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and four transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| MYLK | myosin light chain kinase|This gene, a muscle member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily, encodes myosin light chain kinase which is a calcium/calmodulin dependent enzyme. This kinase phosphorylates myosin regulatory light chains to facilitate myosin interaction with actin filaments to produce contractile activity. This gene encodes both smooth muscle and nonmuscle isoforms. In addition, using a separate promoter in an intron in the 3' region, it encodes telokin, a small protein identical in sequence to the C-terminus of myosin light chain kinase, that is independently expressed in smooth muscle and functions to stabilize unphosphorylated myosin filaments. A pseudogene is located on the p arm of chromosome 3. Four transcript variants that produce four isoforms of the calcium/calmodulin dependent enzyme have been identified as well as two transcripts that produce two isoforms of telokin. Additional variants have been identified but lack full length transcripts. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DONSON | downstream neighbor of SON|This gene lies downstream of the SON gene and spans 10 kb on chromosome 21. The function of this gene is unknown. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MYO5C | myosin VC| |
| HDAC10 | histone deacetylase 10|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the histone deacetylase family, members of which deacetylate lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones. Histone deacetylation modulates chromatin structure, and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| MYO5A | myosin VA (heavy chain 12, myoxin)|This gene is one of three myosin V heavy-chain genes, belonging to the myosin gene superfamily. Myosin V is a class of actin-based motor proteins involved in cytoplasmic vesicle transport and anchorage, spindle-pole alignment and mRNA translocation. The protein encoded by this gene is abundant in melanocytes and nerve cells. Mutations in this gene cause Griscelli syndrome type-1 (GS1), Griscelli syndrome type-3 (GS3) and neuroectodermal melanolysosomal disease, or Elejalde disease. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been reported, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| SYNM | synemin, intermediate filament protein|The protein encoded by this gene is an intermediate filament (IF) family member. IF proteins are cytoskeletal proteins that confer resistance to mechanical stress and are encoded by a dispersed multigene family. This protein has been found to form a linkage between desmin, which is a subunit of the IF network, and the extracellular matrix, and provides an important structural support in muscle. Two alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CTLA4 | cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4|This gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and encodes a protein which transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells. The protein contains a V domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. The membrane-bound isoform functions as a homodimer interconnected by a disulfide bond, while the soluble isoform functions as a monomer. Mutations in this gene have been associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, thyroid-associated orbitopathy, and other autoimmune diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TSHB | thyroid stimulating hormone, beta|The four human glycoprotein hormones chorionic gonadotropin (CG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) are dimers consisting of alpha and beta subunits that are associated noncovalently. The alpha subunits of these hormones are identical, however, their beta chains are unique and confer biological specificity. Thyroid stimulating hormone functions in the control of thyroid structure and metabolism. The protein encoded by this gene is the beta subunit of thyroid stimulating hormone. Mutations in this gene are associated with congenital central and secondary hypothyroidism and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| GORASP1 | golgi reassembly stacking protein 1, 65kDa|The Golgi complex plays a key role in the sorting and modification of proteins exported from the endoplasmic reticulum. The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane protein involved in establishing the stacked structure of the Golgi apparatus. It is a caspase-3 substrate, and cleavage of this encoded protein contributes to Golgi fragmentation in apoptosis. This encoded protein can form a complex with the Golgi matrix protein GOLGA2, and this complex binds to the vesicle docking protein p115. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| PPRC1 | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator-related 1|The protein encoded by this gene is similar to PPAR-gamma coactivator 1 (PPARGC1/PGC-1), a protein that can activate mitochondrial biogenesis in part through a direct interaction with nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1). This protein has been shown to interact with NRF1. It is thought to be a functional relative of PPAR-gamma coactivator 1 that activates mitochondrial biogenesis through NRF1 in response to proliferative signals. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| GSPT1 | G1 to S phase transition 1| |
| CCKAR | cholecystokinin A receptor|This gene encodes a G-protein coupled receptor that binds non-sulfated members of the cholecystokinin (CCK) family of peptide hormones. This receptor is a major physiologic mediator of pancreatic enzyme secretion and smooth muscle contraction of the gallbladder and stomach. In the central and peripheral nervous system this receptor regulates satiety and the release of beta-endorphin and dopamine. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CRTC1 | CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1| |
| CRTC3 | CREB regulated transcription coactivator 3|This gene is a member of the CREB regulated transcription coactivator gene family. This family regulates CREB-dependent gene transcription in a phosphorylation-independent manner and may be selective for cAMP-responsive genes. The protein encoded by this gene may induce mitochondrial biogenesis and attenuate catecholamine signaling in adipose tissue. A translocation event between this gene and Notch coactivator mastermind-like gene 2, which results in a fusion protein, has been reported in mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| CRTC2 | CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2|This gene encodes a member of the transducers of regulated cAMP response element-binding protein activity family of transcription coactivators. These proteins promote the transcription of genes targeted by the cAMP response element-binding protein, and therefore play an important role in many cellular processes. Under basal conditions the encoded protein is phosphorylated by AMP-activated protein kinase or the salt-inducible kinases and is sequestered in the cytoplasm. Upon activation by elevated cAMP or calcium, the encoded protein translocates to the nucleus and increases target gene expression. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 5. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| PNMAL2 | paraneoplastic Ma antigen family-like 2| |
| TUBGCP6 | tubulin, gamma complex associated protein 6|The protein encoded by this gene is part of a large multisubunit complex required for microtubule nucleation at the centrosome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| USP17L1P | ubiquitin specific peptidase 17-like family member 1| |
| FAM13B | family with sequence similarity 13, member B| |
| NIPSNAP3A | nipsnap homolog 3A (C. elegans)|NIPSNAP3A belongs to a family of proteins with putative roles in vesicular transport (Buechler et al., 2004 [PubMed 15177564]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| FAM13A | family with sequence similarity 13, member A| |
| LY86 | lymphocyte antigen 86| |
| SUMF2 | sulfatase modifying factor 2|The catalytic sites of sulfatases are only active if they contain a unique amino acid, C-alpha-formylglycine (FGly). The FGly residue is posttranslationally generated from a cysteine by enzymes with FGly-generating activity. The gene described in this record is a member of the sulfatase-modifying factor family and encodes a protein with a DUF323 domain that localizes to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. This protein has low levels of FGly-generating activity but can heterodimerize with another family member - a protein with high levels of FGly-generating activity. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SDHAF2 | succinate dehydrogenase complex assembly factor 2|This gene encodes a mitochondrial protein needed for the flavination of a succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit required for activity of the complex. Mutations in this gene are associated with paraganglioma.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| SUMF1 | sulfatase modifying factor 1|This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sulfate esters by oxidizing a cysteine residue in the substrate sulfatase to an active site 3-oxoalanine residue, which is also known as C-alpha-formylglycine. Mutations in this gene cause multiple sulfatase deficiency, a lysosomal storage disorder. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| NCALD | neurocalcin delta|This gene encodes a member of the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) family of calcium-binding proteins. The protein contains an N-terminal myristoylation signal and four EF-hand calcium binding loops. The protein is cytosolic at resting calcium levels; however, elevated intracellular calcium levels induce a conformational change that exposes the myristoyl group, resulting in protein association with membranes and partial co-localization with the perinuclear trans-golgi network. The protein is thought to be a regulator of G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction. Several alternatively spliced variants of this gene have been determined, all of which encode the same protein; additional variants may exist but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZBP1 | Z-DNA binding protein 1|This gene encodes a Z-DNA binding protein. The encoded protein plays a role in the innate immune response by binding to foreign DNA and inducing type-I interferon production. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| MICB | MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B|This gene encodes a heavily glycosylated protein which is a ligand for the NKG2D type II receptor. Binding of the ligand activates the cytolytic response of natural killer (NK) cells, CD8 alphabeta T cells, and gammadelta T cells which express the receptor. This protein is stress-induced and is similar to MHC class I molecules; however, it does not associate with beta-2-microglobulin or bind peptides. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| MALL | mal, T-cell differentiation protein-like|This gene encodes an element of the machinery for raft-mediated trafficking in endothelial cells. The encoded protein, a member of the MAL proteolipid family, predominantly localizes in glycolipid- and cholesterol-enriched membrane (GEM) rafts. It interacts with caveolin-1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C14orf178 | chromosome 14 open reading frame 178| |
| FNDC3A | fibronectin type III domain containing 3A| |
| FNDC3B | fibronectin type III domain containing 3B| |
| SURF2 | surfeit 2|This gene shares a bidirectional promoter with surfeit 1 (SURF1; GeneID: 6834), which is located on the opposite strand. It encodes a conserved protein that is expressed in a variety of tissues. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| ZFAND2B | zinc finger, AN1-type domain 2B|This gene encodes a protein containing AN1-type zinc-fingers and ubiquitin-interacting motifs. The encoded protein likely associates with the proteosome to stimulate the degradation of toxic or misfolded proteins. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| THADA | thyroid adenoma associated| |
| ZFAND2A | zinc finger, AN1-type domain 2A| |
| RARA | retinoic acid receptor, alpha|This gene represents a nuclear retinoic acid receptor. The encoded protein, retinoic acid receptor alpha, regulates transcription in a ligand-dependent manner. This gene has been implicated in regulation of development, differentiation, apoptosis, granulopoeisis, and transcription of clock genes. Translocations between this locus and several other loci have been associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this locus.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] |
| S1PR5 | sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5|The lysosphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, motility, and neurite retraction. Its actions may be both intracellular as a second messenger and extracellular as a receptor ligand. S1P and the structurally related lysolipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signal cells through a set of G protein-coupled receptors known as EDG receptors. Some EDG receptors (e.g., EDG1; MIM 601974) are S1P receptors; others (e.g., EDG2; MIM 602282) are LPA receptors.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| GBP3 | guanylate binding protein 3|This gene encodes a member of the guanylate-binding protein (GBP) family. GBPs specifically bind guanine nucleotides (GMP, GDP, and GTP) and contain two of the three consensus motifs found in typical GTP-binding proteins. The encoded protein interacts with a member of the germinal center kinase family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GBP2 | guanylate binding protein 2, interferon-inducible|This gene belongs to the guanine-binding protein (GBP) family, which includes interferon-induced proteins that can bind to guanine nucleotides (GMP, GDP and GTP). The encoded protein is a GTPase which hydrolyzes GTP, predominantly to GDP. The protein may play a role as a marker of squamous cell carcinomas. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| GBP1 | guanylate binding protein 1, interferon-inducible|Guanylate binding protein expression is induced by interferon. Guanylate binding proteins are characterized by their ability to specifically bind guanine nucleotides (GMP, GDP, and GTP) and are distinguished from the GTP-binding proteins by the presence of 2 binding motifs rather than 3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACSF3 | acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3|This gene encodes a member of the acyl-CoA synthetase family of enzymes that activate fatty acids by catalyzing the formation of a thioester linkage between fatty acids and coenzyme A. The encoded protein is localized to mitochondria, has high specificity for malonate and methylmalonate and possesses malonyl-CoA synthetase activity. Mutations in this gene are a cause of combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013] |
| MAL2 | mal, T-cell differentiation protein 2 (gene/pseudogene)|This gene encodes a multispan transmembrane protein belonging to the MAL proteolipid family. The protein is a component of lipid rafts and, in polarized cells, it primarily localizes to endosomal structures beneath the apical membrane. It is required for transcytosis, an intracellular transport pathway used to deliver membrane-bound proteins and exogenous cargos from the basolateral to the apical surface. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAN2A2 | mannosidase, alpha, class 2A, member 2| |
| MAN2A1 | mannosidase, alpha, class 2A, member 1|This gene encodes a glycosyl hydrolase that localizes to the Golgi and catalyzes the final hydrolytic step in the asparagine-linked oligosaccharide (N-glycan) maturation pathway. Mutations in the mouse homolog of this gene have been shown to cause a systemic autoimmune disease similar to human systemic lupus erythematosus. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| MB21D1 | Mab-21 domain containing 1| |
| MB21D2 | Mab-21 domain containing 2| |
| CORO2B | coronin, actin binding protein, 2B| |
| CORO2A | coronin, actin binding protein, 2A|This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. This protein contains 5 WD repeats, and has a structural similarity with actin-binding proteins: the D. discoideum coronin and the human p57 protein, suggesting that this protein may also be an actin-binding protein that regulates cell motility. Alternative splicing of this gene generates 2 transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCDC134 | coiled-coil domain containing 134| |
| EDA2R | ectodysplasin A2 receptor|EDA-A1 and EDA-A2 are two isoforms of ectodysplasin that are encoded by the anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (EDA) gene. Mutations in EDA give rise to a clinical syndrome characterized by loss of hair, sweat glands, and teeth. The protein encoded by this gene specifically binds to EDA-A2 isoform. This protein is a type III transmembrane protein of the TNFR (tumor necrosis factor receptor) superfamily, and contains 3 cysteine-rich repeats and a single transmembrane domain but lacks an N-terminal signal peptide. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| LCT | lactase|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family 1 of glycosyl hydrolases. The protein is integral to plasma membrane and has both phlorizin hydrolase activity and lactase activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCDC137 | coiled-coil domain containing 137| |
| CCDC130 | coiled-coil domain containing 130| |
| GALK1 | galactokinase 1|Galactokinase is a major enzyme for the metabolism of galactose and its deficiency causes congenital cataracts during infancy and presenile cataracts in the adult population. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCDC132 | coiled-coil domain containing 132| |
| SPACA3 | sperm acrosome associated 3| |
| PRTFDC1 | phosphoribosyl transferase domain containing 1| |
| CCDC138 | coiled-coil domain containing 138| |
| OTOF | otoferlin|Mutations in this gene are a cause of neurosensory nonsyndromic recessive deafness, DFNB9. The short form of the encoded protein has 3 C2 domains, a single carboxy-terminal transmembrane domain found also in the C. elegans spermatogenesis factor FER-1 and human dysferlin, while the long form has 6 C2 domains. The homology suggests that this protein may be involved in vesicle membrane fusion. Several transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| OTOG | otogelin|The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the acellular membranes of the inner ear. Disruption of the orthologous mouse gene shows that it plays a role in auditory and vestibular functions. It is involved in fibrillar network organization, the anchoring of otoconial membranes and cupulae to the neuroepithelia, and likely in sound stimulation resistance. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness, type 18B. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| APOPT1 | apoptogenic 1, mitochondrial|This gene encodes a protein that localizes to the mitochondria, where it stimulates the release of cytochrome c, thereby promoting programmed cell death. Mutations in this gene have been found in individuals with mitochondrial complex IV deficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014] |
| POLE4 | polymerase (DNA-directed), epsilon 4, accessory subunit|POLE4 is a histone-fold protein that interacts with other histone-fold proteins to bind DNA in a sequence-independent manner. These histone-fold protein dimers combine within larger enzymatic complexes for DNA transcription, replication, and packaging.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| POLE3 | polymerase (DNA directed), epsilon 3, accessory subunit|POLE3 is a histone-fold protein that interacts with other histone-fold proteins to bind DNA in a sequence-independent manner. These histone-fold protein dimers combine within larger enzymatic complexes for DNA transcription, replication, and packaging.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| STK35 | serine/threonine kinase 35|The protein encoded by this gene is a kinase that is predominantly found in the nucleus. However, it can interact with PDLIM1/CLP-36 in the cytoplasm and localize to actin stress fibers. The encoded protein may be a regulator of actin stress fibers in nonmuscle cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STK36 | serine/threonine kinase 36|This gene encodes a member of the serine/threonine kinase family of enzymes. This family member is similar to a Drosophila protein that plays a key role in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. This human protein is a positive regulator of the GLI zinc-finger transcription factors. Knockout studies of the homologous mouse gene suggest that defects in this human gene may lead to congenital hydrocephalus, possibly due to a functional defect in motile cilia. Because Hedgehog signaling is frequently activated in certain kinds of gastrointestinal cancers, it has been suggested that this gene is a target for the treatment of these cancers. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| NXNL1 | nucleoredoxin-like 1| |
| AGTR2 | angiotensin II receptor, type 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family, and functions as a receptor for angiotensin II. It is an intergral membrane protein that is highly expressed in fetus, but scantily in adult tissues, except brain, adrenal medulla, and atretic ovary. This receptor has been shown to mediate programmed cell death and this apoptotic function may play an important role in developmental biology and pathophysiology. Mutations in this gene are been associated with X-linked mental retardation. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| AGTR1 | angiotensin II receptor, type 1|Angiotensin II is a potent vasopressor hormone and a primary regulator of aldosterone secretion. It is an important effector controlling blood pressure and volume in the cardiovascular system. It acts through at least two types of receptors. This gene encodes the type 1 receptor which is thought to mediate the major cardiovascular effects of angiotensin II. This gene may play a role in the generation of reperfusion arrhythmias following restoration of blood flow to ischemic or infarcted myocardium. It was previously thought that a related gene, denoted as AGTR1B, existed; however, it is now believed that there is only one type 1 receptor gene in humans. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been reported for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| SYN2 | synapsin II|This gene is a member of the synapsin gene family. Synapsins encode neuronal phosphoproteins which associate with the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicles. Family members are characterized by common protein domains, and they are implicated in synaptogenesis and the modulation of neurotransmitter release, suggesting a potential role in several neuropsychiatric diseases. This member of the synapsin family encodes a neuron-specific phosphoprotein that selectively binds to small synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic nerve terminal. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with abnormal presynaptic function and related neuronal disorders, including autism, epilepsy, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 4 gene is located within an intron of this gene and is transcribed in the opposite direction. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| SYN3 | synapsin III|This gene is a member of the synapsin gene family. Synapsins encode neuronal phosphoproteins which associate with the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicles. Family members are characterized by common protein domains, and they are implicated in synaptogenesis and the modulation of neurotransmitter release, suggesting a potential role in several neuropsychiatric diseases. The protein encoded by this gene shares the synapsin family domain model, with domains A, C, and E exhibiting the highest degree of conservation. The protein contains a unique domain J, located between domains C and E. Based on this gene's localization to 22q12.3, a possible schizophrenia susceptibility locus, and the established neurobiological roles of the synapsins, this family member may represent a candidate gene for schizophrenia. The TIMP3 gene is located within an intron of this gene and is transcribed in the opposite direction. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple splice variants that encode different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| GGNBP2 | gametogenetin binding protein 2| |
| SYN1 | synapsin I|This gene is a member of the synapsin gene family. Synapsins encode neuronal phosphoproteins which associate with the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicles. Family members are characterized by common protein domains, and they are implicated in synaptogenesis and the modulation of neurotransmitter release, suggesting a potential role in several neuropsychiatric diseases. This member of the synapsin family plays a role in regulation of axonogenesis and synaptogenesis. The protein encoded serves as a substrate for several different protein kinases and phosphorylation may function in the regulation of this protein in the nerve terminal. Mutations in this gene may be associated with X-linked disorders with primary neuronal degeneration such as Rett syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| THEG | theg spermatid protein|This gene is specifically expressed in the nucleus of haploid male germ cells. The orthologous gene in mice encodes a protein that may play a role in protein assembly through interactions with T-complex protein 1 subunit epsilon. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] |
| PAPD5 | PAP associated domain containing 5| |
| CD4 | CD4 molecule|This gene encodes a membrane glycoprotein of T lymphocytes that interacts with major histocompatibility complex class II antigenes and is also a receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus. This gene is expressed not only in T lymphocytes, but also in B cells, macrophages, and granulocytes. It is also expressed in specific regions of the brain. The protein functions to initiate or augment the early phase of T-cell activation, and may function as an important mediator of indirect neuronal damage in infectious and immune-mediated diseases of the central nervous system. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified in this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| CD5 | CD5 molecule| |
| CD6 | CD6 molecule|This gene encodes a protein found on the outer membrane of T-lymphocytes as well as some other immune cells. The encoded protein contains three scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains and a binding site for an activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule. The gene product is important for continuation of T cell activation. This gene may be associated with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (PMID: 19525953, 21849685). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| CD7 | CD7 molecule|This gene encodes a transmembrane protein which is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. This protein is found on thymocytes and mature T cells. It plays an essential role in T-cell interactions and also in T-cell/B-cell interaction during early lymphoid development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD2 | CD2 molecule|CD2 is a surface antigen of the human T-lymphocyte lineage that is expressed on all peripheral blood T cells (summarized by Sewell et al., 1986 [PubMed 3490670]). It is one of the earliest T-cell markers, being present on more than 95% of thymocytes; it is also found on some natural killer cells but not on B lymphocytes. Monoclonal antibodies directed against CD2 inhibit the formation of rosettes with sheep erythrocytes, indicating that CD2 is the erythrocyte receptor or is closely associated with it.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2010] |
| PCDHGA3 | protocadherin gamma subfamily A, 3|This gene is a member of the protocadherin gamma gene cluster, one of three related clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. These gene clusters have an immunoglobulin-like organization, suggesting that a novel mechanism may be involved in their regulation and expression. The gamma gene cluster includes 22 genes divided into 3 subfamilies. Subfamily A contains 12 genes, subfamily B contains 7 genes and 2 pseudogenes, and the more distantly related subfamily C contains 3 genes. The tandem array of 22 large, variable region exons are followed by a constant region, containing 3 exons shared by all genes in the cluster. Each variable region exon encodes the extracellular region, which includes 6 cadherin ectodomains and a transmembrane region. The constant region exons encode the common cytoplasmic region. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been described for the gamma cluster genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DNAAF1 | dynein, axonemal, assembly factor 1|The protein encoded by this gene is cilium-specific and is required for the stability of the ciliary architecture. It is involved in the regulation of microtubule-based cilia and actin-based brush border microvilli. Mutations in this gene are associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia-13.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| DNAAF2 | dynein, axonemal, assembly factor 2|This gene encodes a highly conserved protein involved in the preassembly of dynein arm complexes which power cilia. These complexes are found in some cilia and are assembled in the cytoplasm prior to transport for cilia formation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| DNAAF3 | dynein, axonemal, assembly factor 3|The protein encoded by this gene is required for the assembly of axonemal inner and outer dynein arms and plays a role in assembling dynein complexes for transport into cilia. Defects in this gene are a cause of primary ciliary dyskinesia type 2 (CILD2). Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| CD9 | CD9 molecule|This gene encodes a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Tetraspanins are cell surface glycoproteins with four transmembrane domains that form multimeric complexes with other cell surface proteins. The encoded protein functions in many cellular processes including differentiation, adhesion, and signal transduction, and expression of this gene plays a critical role in the suppression of cancer cell motility and metastasis. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| CDY2B | chromodomain protein, Y-linked, 2B|This intronless gene encodes a protein containing a chromodomain and a histone acetyltransferase catalytic domain. Chromodomain proteins are components of heterochromatin-like complexes and can act as gene repressors. This protein is localized to the nucleus of late spermatids where histone hyperacetylation takes place. Histone hyperacetylation is thought to facilitate the transition in which protamines replace histones as the major DNA-packaging protein. Two nearly identical copies of this gene are found in a palindromic region on chromosome Y; this record represents the centromeric copy. Chromosome Y also contains a pair of closely related genes in another more telomeric palindrome as well as several related pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STAT6 | signal transducer and activator of transcription 6, interleukin-4 induced|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT family of transcription factors. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. This protein plays a central role in exerting IL4 mediated biological responses. It is found to induce the expression of BCL2L1/BCL-X(L), which is responsible for the anti-apoptotic activity of IL4. Knockout studies in mice suggested the roles of this gene in differentiation of T helper 2 (Th2) cells, expression of cell surface markers, and class switch of immunoglobulins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| APH1A | APH1A gamma secretase subunit|This gene encodes a component of the gamma secretase complex that cleaves integral membrane proteins such as Notch receptors and beta-amyloid precursor protein. The gamma secretase complex contains this gene product, or the paralogous anterior pharynx defective 1 homolog B (APH1B), along with the presenilin, nicastrin, and presenilin enhancer-2 proteins. The precise function of this seven-transmembrane-domain protein is unknown though it is suspected of facilitating the association of nicastrin and presenilin in the gamma secretase complex as well as interacting with substrates of the gamma secretase complex prior to their proteolytic processing. Polymorphisms in a promoter region of this gene have been associated with an increased risk for developing sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple protein-coding and non-protein-coding transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| STAT4 | signal transducer and activator of transcription 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT family of transcription factors. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. This protein is essential for mediating responses to IL12 in lymphocytes, and regulating the differentiation of T helper cells. Mutations in this gene may be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| NUSAP1 | nucleolar and spindle associated protein 1|NUSAP1 is a nucleolar-spindle-associated protein that plays a role in spindle microtubule organization (Raemaekers et al., 2003 [PubMed 12963707]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009] |
| STAT2 | signal transducer and activator of transcription 2, 113kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT protein family. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. In response to interferon (IFN), this protein forms a complex with STAT1 and IFN regulatory factor family protein p48 (ISGF3G), in which this protein acts as a transactivator, but lacks the ability to bind DNA directly. Transcription adaptor P300/CBP (EP300/CREBBP) has been shown to interact specifically with this protein, which is thought to be involved in the process of blocking IFN-alpha response by adenovirus. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| STAT1 | signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, 91kDa|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT protein family. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. This protein can be activated by various ligands including interferon-alpha, interferon-gamma, EGF, PDGF and IL6. This protein mediates the expression of a variety of genes, which is thought to be important for cell viability in response to different cell stimuli and pathogens. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CHRNB1 | cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, beta 1 (muscle)|The muscle acetylcholine receptor is composed of five subunits: two alpha subunits and one beta, one gamma, and one delta subunit. This gene encodes the beta subunit of the acetylcholine receptor. The acetylcholine receptor changes conformation upon acetylcholine binding leading to the opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane. Mutations in this gene are associated with slow-channel congenital myasthenic syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ANKS1A | ankyrin repeat and sterile alpha motif domain containing 1A| |
| CHRNB2 | cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, beta 2 (neuronal)|Neuronal acetylcholine receptors are homo- or heteropentameric complexes composed of homologous alpha and beta subunits. They belong to a superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels which allow the flow of sodium and potassium across the plasma membrane in response to ligands such as acetylcholine and nicotine. This gene encodes one of several beta subunits. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF775 | zinc finger protein 775| |
| CHRNB4 | cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, beta 4 (neuronal)| |
| HBEGF | heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor| |
| CHGA | chromogranin A|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the chromogranin/secretogranin family of neuroendocrine secretory proteins. It is found in secretory vesicles of neurons and endocrine cells. This gene product is a precursor to three biologically active peptides; vasostatin, pancreastatin, and parastatin. These peptides act as autocrine or paracrine negative modulators of the neuroendocrine system. Two other peptides, catestatin and chromofungin, have antimicrobial activity and antifungal activity, respectively. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| GFM2 | G elongation factor, mitochondrial 2|Eukaryotes contain two protein translational systems, one in the cytoplasm and one in the mitochondria. Mitochondrial translation is crucial for maintaining mitochondrial function and mutations in this system lead to a breakdown in the respiratory chain-oxidative phosphorylation system and to impaired maintenance of mitochondrial DNA. This gene encodes one of the mitochondrial translation elongation factors, which is a GTPase that plays a role at the termination of mitochondrial translation by mediating the disassembly of ribosomes from messenger RNA . Its role in the regulation of normal mitochondrial function and in disease states attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction is not known. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| GPHN | gephyrin|This gene encodes a neuronal assembly protein that anchors inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors to the postsynaptic cytoskeleton via high affinity binding to a receptor subunit domain and tubulin dimers. In nonneuronal tissues, the encoded protein is also required for molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis. Mutations in this gene may be associated with the neurological condition hyperplexia and also lead to molybdenum cofactor deficiency. Numerous alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described; however, the full-length nature of all transcript variants is not currently known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CRYAB | crystallin, alpha B|Mammalian lens crystallins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma families. Alpha crystallins are composed of two gene products: alpha-A and alpha-B, for acidic and basic, respectively. Alpha crystallins can be induced by heat shock and are members of the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family. They act as molecular chaperones although they do not renature proteins and release them in the fashion of a true chaperone; instead they hold them in large soluble aggregates. Post-translational modifications decrease the ability to chaperone. These heterogeneous aggregates consist of 30-40 subunits; the alpha-A and alpha-B subunits have a 3:1 ratio, respectively. Two additional functions of alpha crystallins are an autokinase activity and participation in the intracellular architecture. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. Alpha-A and alpha-B gene products are differentially expressed; alpha-A is preferentially restricted to the lens and alpha-B is expressed widely in many tissues and organs. Elevated expression of alpha-B crystallin occurs in many neurological diseases; a missense mutation cosegregated in a family with a desmin-related myopathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| CACUL1 | CDK2-associated, cullin domain 1| |
| TRPC5 | transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 5|This gene belongs to the transient receptor family. It encodes one of the seven mammalian TRPC (transient receptor potential channel) proteins. The encoded protein is a multi-pass membrane protein and is thought to form a receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. The protein is active alone or as a heteromultimeric assembly with TRPC1, TRPC3, and TRPC4. It also interacts with multiple proteins including calmodulin, CABP1, enkurin, Na(+)-H+ exchange regulatory factor (NHERF ), interferon-induced GTP-binding protein (MX1), ring finger protein 24 (RNF24), and SEC14 domain and spectrin repeat-containing protein 1 (SESTD1). [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| POLE2 | polymerase (DNA directed), epsilon 2, accessory subunit| |
| HTATSF1 | HIV-1 Tat specific factor 1|The protein encoded by this gene functions as a cofactor for the stimulation of transcriptional elongation by HIV-1 Tat, which binds to the HIV-1 promoter through Tat-TAR interaction. This protein may also serve as a dual-function factor to couple transcription and splicing and to facilitate their reciprocal activation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| MTMR6 | myotubularin related protein 6| |
| GABRB1 | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, beta 1|The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor is a multisubunit chloride channel that mediates the fastest inhibitory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. This gene encodes GABA A receptor, beta 1 subunit. It is mapped to chromosome 4p12 in a cluster comprised of genes encoding alpha 4, alpha 2 and gamma 1 subunits of the GABA A receptor. Alteration of this gene is implicated in the pathogenetics of schizophrenia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| AKR1B1 | aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1 (aldose reductase)|This gene encodes a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and proteins. This member catalyzes the reduction of a number of aldehydes, including the aldehyde form of glucose, and is thereby implicated in the development of diabetic complications by catalyzing the reduction of glucose to sorbitol. Multiple pseudogenes have been identified for this gene. The nomenclature system used by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee to define human aldo-keto reductase family members is known to differ from that used by the Mouse Genome Informatics database. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| POC1B | POC1 centriolar protein B|POC1 proteins contain an N-terminal WD40 domain and a C-terminal coiled coil domain and are part of centrosomes. They play an important role in basal body and cilia formation. This gene encodes one of the two POC1 proteins found in humans. Mutation in this gene result in autosomal-recessive cone-rod dystrophy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| BTAF1 | BTAF1 RNA polymerase II, B-TFIID transcription factor-associated, 170kDa|This gene encodes a TAF (TATA box-binding protein-associated factor), which associates with TBP (TATA box-binding protein) to form the B-TFIID complex that is required for transcription initiation of genes by RNA polymerase II. This TAF has DNA-dependent ATPase activity, which drives the dissociation of TBP from DNA, freeing the TBP to associate with other TATA boxes or TATA-less promoters. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| SLC17A7 | solute carrier family 17 (vesicular glutamate transporter), member 7|The protein encoded by this gene is a vesicle-bound, sodium-dependent phosphate transporter that is specifically expressed in the neuron-rich regions of the brain. It is preferentially associated with the membranes of synaptic vesicles and functions in glutamate transport. The protein shares 82% identity with the differentiation-associated Na-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter and they appear to form a distinct class within the Na+/Pi cotransporter family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RWDD3 | RWD domain containing 3| |
| ZNRD1 | zinc ribbon domain containing 1|This gene encodes a DNA-directed RNA polymerase I subunit. The encoded protein contains two potential zinc-binding motifs and may play a role in regulation of cell proliferation. The encoded protein may be involved in cancer and human immunodeficiency virus progression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| MRPS28 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S28|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that has been called mitochondrial ribosomal protein S35 in the literature. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLXNA3 | plexin A3|This gene encodes a member of the plexin class of proteins. The encoded protein is a class 3 semaphorin receptor, and may be involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and as well as apoptosis. Studies of a similar gene in zebrafish suggest that it is important for axon pathfinding in the developing nervous system. This gene may be associated with tumor progression. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| NABP2 | nucleic acid binding protein 2|Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding proteins, such as OBFC2B, are ubiquitous and essential for a variety of DNA metabolic processes, including replication, recombination, and detection and repair of damage (Richard et al., 2008 [PubMed 18449195]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2008] |
| PLXNA1 | plexin A1| |
| PBDC1 | polysaccharide biosynthesis domain containing 1| |
| ASNS | asparagine synthetase (glutamine-hydrolyzing)|The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the synthesis of asparagine. This gene complements a mutation in the temperature-sensitive hamster mutant ts11, which blocks progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle at nonpermissive temperature. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| PLXNA4 | plexin A4| |
| PLG | plasminogen|The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted blood zymogen that is activated by proteolysis and converted to plasmin and angiostatin. Plasmin dissolves fibrin in blood clots and is an important protease in many other cellular processes while angiostatin inhibits angiogenesis. Defects in this gene are likely a cause of thrombophilia and ligneous conjunctivitis. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| MRPS27 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein S27|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that may be a functional partner of the death associated protein 3 (DAP3). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| PDE4A | phosphodiesterase 4A, cAMP-specific|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) family, and PDE4 subfamily. This PDE hydrolyzes the second messenger, cAMP, which is a regulator and mediator of a number of cellular responses to extracellular signals. Thus, by regulating the cellular concentration of cAMP, this protein plays a key role in many important physiological processes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| PDE4B | phosphodiesterase 4B, cAMP-specific|This gene is a member of the type IV, cyclic AMP (cAMP)-specific, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) family. The encoded protein regulates the cellular concentrations of cyclic nucleotides and thereby play a role in signal transduction. Altered activity of this protein has been associated with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder. Alternative splicing and the use of alternative promoters results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| MYT1 | myelin transcription factor 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of neural specific, zinc finger-containing DNA-binding proteins. The protein binds to the promoter regions of proteolipid proteins of the central nervous system and plays a role in the developing nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PDE4D | phosphodiesterase 4D, cAMP-specific|This gene encodes one of four mammalian counterparts to the fruit fly 'dunce' gene. The encoded protein has 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity and degrades cAMP, which acts as a signal transduction molecule in multiple cell types. This gene uses different promoters to generate multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode functional proteins.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| PEG3 | paternally expressed 3|In human, ZIM2 and PEG3 are treated as two distinct genes though they share multiple 5' exons and a common promoter and both genes are paternally expressed (PMID:15203203). Alternative splicing events connect their shared 5' exons either with the remaining 4 exons unique to ZIM2, or with the remaining 2 exons unique to PEG3. In contrast, in other mammals ZIM2 does not undergo imprinting and, in mouse, cow, and likely other mammals as well, the ZIM2 and PEG3 genes do not share exons. Human PEG3 protein belongs to the Kruppel C2H2-type zinc finger protein family. PEG3 may play a role in cell proliferation and p53-mediated apoptosis. PEG3 has also shown tumor suppressor activity and tumorigenesis in glioma and ovarian cells. Alternative splicing of this PEG3 gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| SEPP1 | selenoprotein P, plasma, 1|This gene encodes a selenoprotein containing multiple selenocysteine (Sec) residues, which are encoded by the UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTR of selenoprotein genes have a common stem-loop structure, the sec insertion sequence (SECIS), which is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. This selenoprotein is an extracellular glycoprotein, and is unusual in that it contains 10 Sec residues per polypeptide. It is a heparin-binding protein that appears to be associated with endothelial cells, and has been implicated to function as an antioxidant in the extracellular space. Several transcript variants, encoding either the same or different isoform, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD276 | CD276 molecule|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, and thought to participate in the regulation of T-cell-mediated immune response. Studies show that while the transcript of this gene is ubiquitously expressed in normal tissues and solid tumors, the protein is preferentially expressed only in tumor tissues. Additionally, it was observed that the 3' UTR of this transcript contains a target site for miR29 microRNA, and there is an inverse correlation between the expression of this protein and miR29 levels, suggesting regulation of expression of this gene product by miR29. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| PCOLCE2 | procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer 2| |
| INF2 | inverted formin, FH2 and WH2 domain containing|This gene represents a member of the formin family of proteins. It is considered a diaphanous formin due to the presence of a diaphanous inhibitory domain located at the N-terminus of the encoded protein. Studies of a similar mouse protein indicate that the protein encoded by this locus may function in polymerization and depolymerization of actin filaments. Mutations at this locus have been associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 5.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010] |
| MAP2K3 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a dual specificity protein kinase that belongs to the MAP kinase kinase family. This kinase is activated by mitogenic and environmental stress, and participates in the MAP kinase-mediated signaling cascade. It phosphorylates and thus activates MAPK14/p38-MAPK. This kinase can be activated by insulin, and is necessary for the expression of glucose transporter. Expression of RAS oncogene is found to result in the accumulation of the active form of this kinase, which thus leads to the constitutive activation of MAPK14, and confers oncogenic transformation of primary cells. The inhibition of this kinase is involved in the pathogenesis of Yersina pseudotuberculosis. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode distinct isoforms have been reported for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BMPR1A | bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IA|The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptors are a family of transmembrane serine/threonine kinases that include the type I receptors BMPR1A and BMPR1B and the type II receptor BMPR2. These receptors are also closely related to the activin receptors, ACVR1 and ACVR2. The ligands of these receptors are members of the TGF-beta superfamily. TGF-betas and activins transduce their signals through the formation of heteromeric complexes with 2 different types of serine (threonine) kinase receptors: type I receptors of about 50-55 kD and type II receptors of about 70-80 kD. Type II receptors bind ligands in the absence of type I receptors, but they require their respective type I receptors for signaling, whereas type I receptors require their respective type II receptors for ligand binding. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BMPR1B | bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IB|This gene encodes a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor family of transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. The ligands of this receptor are BMPs, which are members of the TGF-beta superfamily. BMPs are involved in endochondral bone formation and embryogenesis. These proteins transduce their signals through the formation of heteromeric complexes of 2 different types of serine (threonine) kinase receptors: type I receptors of about 50-55 kD and type II receptors of about 70-80 kD. Type II receptors bind ligands in the absence of type I receptors, but they require their respective type I receptors for signaling, whereas type I receptors require their respective type II receptors for ligand binding. Mutations in this gene have been associated with primary pulmonary hypertension. Several transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| MAP3K11 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 11|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the serine/threonine kinase family. This kinase contains a SH3 domain and a leucine zipper-basic motif. This kinase preferentially activates MAPK8/JNK kinase, and functions as a positive regulator of JNK signaling pathway. This kinase can directly phosphorylate, and activates IkappaB kinase alpha and beta, and is found to be involved in the transcription activity of NF-kappaB mediated by Rho family GTPases and CDC42. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAP2K7 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7|The protein encoded by this gene is a dual specificity protein kinase that belongs to the MAP kinase kinase family. This kinase specifically activates MAPK8/JNK1 and MAPK9/JNK2, and this kinase itself is phosphorylated and activated by MAP kinase kinase kinases including MAP3K1/MEKK1, MAP3K2/MEKK2,MAP3K3/MEKK5, and MAP4K2/GCK. This kinase is involved in the signal transduction mediating the cell responses to proinflammatory cytokines, and environmental stresses. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014] |
| MAP2K6 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6|This gene encodes a member of the dual specificity protein kinase family, which functions as a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase. MAP kinases, also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals. This protein phosphorylates and activates p38 MAP kinase in response to inflammatory cytokines or environmental stress. As an essential component of p38 MAP kinase mediated signal transduction pathway, this gene is involved in many cellular processes such as stress induced cell cycle arrest, transcription activation and apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MAP2K5 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5|The protein encoded by this gene is a dual specificity protein kinase that belongs to the MAP kinase kinase family. This kinase specifically interacts with and activates MAPK7/ERK5. This kinase itself can be phosphorylated and activated by MAP3K3/MEKK3, as well as by atypical protein kinase C isoforms (aPKCs). The signal cascade mediated by this kinase is involved in growth factor stimulated cell proliferation and muscle cell differentiation. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| MAP2K4 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4|This gene encodes a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. Members of this family act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation, and development. They form a three-tiered signaling module composed of MAPKKKs, MAPKKs, and MAPKs. This protein is phosphorylated at serine and threonine residues by MAPKKKs and subsequently phosphorylates downstream MAPK targets at threonine and tyrosine residues. A similar protein in mouse has been reported to play a role in liver organogenesis. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome X. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| AACS | acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase| |
| GTF2IRD2B | GTF2I repeat domain containing 2B|This gene encodes a glycosylated phosphoprotein with a leucine zipper motif, two helix-loop-helix motifs (I repeats) that are similar to domains found in the TFII-I family of transcription factors, one CHARLIE8 transposable element-like sequence, and a BED zinc finger. This gene lies within a region that is deleted in Williams-Beuren syndrome. Alternatively spliced variants which encode different protein isoforms have been described; however, not all variants have been fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADCYAP1R1 | adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (pituitary) receptor type I|This gene encodes type I adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide receptor, which is a membrane-associated protein and shares significant homology with members of the glucagon/secretin receptor family. This receptor mediates diverse biological actions of adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 and is positively coupled to adenylate cyclase. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] |
| BTN2A1 | butyrophilin, subfamily 2, member A1|This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The gene is located in a cluster of butyrophilin-like genes in the juxta-telomeric region of the major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6. A pseudogene of this gene has been identified in this cluster. The encoded protein is an integral plasma membrane protein involved in lipid, fatty-acid, and sterol metabolism. Alterations in this gene may be associated with several disease states including metabolic syndrome. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| SLITRK3 | SLIT and NTRK-like family, member 3|Members of the SLITRK family, such as SLITRK3, are integral membrane proteins with 2 N-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains similar to those of SLIT proteins (see SLIT1; MIM 603742). Most SLITRKs, including SLITRK3, also have C-terminal regions that share homology with neurotrophin receptors (see NTRK1; MIM 191315). SLITRKs are expressed predominantly in neural tissues and have neurite-modulating activity (Aruga et al., 2003 [PubMed 14557068]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| NLRC3 | NLR family, CARD domain containing 3|This gene encodes a NOD-like receptor family member. The encoded protein is a cytosolic regulator of innate immunity. This protein directly interacts with stimulator of interferon genes (STING), to prevent its proper trafficking, resulting in disruption of STING-dependent activation of the innate immune response. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] |
| DYDC2 | DPY30 domain containing 2|This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins that contains a DPY30 domain. This gene locus overlaps with a closely related gene on the opposite strand. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| DYDC1 | DPY30 domain containing 1|This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins that contains a DPY30 domain. The encoded protein is involved in acrosome formation during spermatid development. This gene locus overlaps with a closely related gene on the opposite strand. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| RAP1GAP | RAP1 GTPase activating protein|This gene encodes a type of GTPase-activating-protein (GAP) that down-regulates the activity of the ras-related RAP1 protein. RAP1 acts as a molecular switch by cycling between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form. The product of this gene, RAP1GAP, promotes the hydrolysis of bound GTP and hence returns RAP1 to the inactive state whereas other proteins, guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), act as RAP1 activators by facilitating the conversion of RAP1 from the GDP- to the GTP-bound form. In general, ras subfamily proteins, such as RAP1, play key roles in receptor-linked signaling pathways that control cell growth and differentiation. RAP1 plays a role in diverse processes such as cell proliferation, adhesion, differentiation, and embryogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| MT3 | |
| OPLAH | 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing)|The protein encoded by this gene acts as a homodimer, using ATP hydrolysis to catalyze the conversion of 5-oxo-L-proline to L-glutamate. Defects in this gene are a cause of 5-oxoprolinase deficiency (OPLAHD). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| TSC22D1 | TSC22 domain family, member 1|This gene encodes a member of the TSC22 domain family of leucine zipper transcription factors. The encoded protein is stimulated by transforming growth factor beta, and regulates the transcription of multiple genes including C-type natriuretic peptide. The encoded protein may play a critical role in tumor suppression through the induction of cancer cell apoptosis, and a single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter of this gene has been associated with diabetic nephropathy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| ACTL6A | actin-like 6A|This gene encodes a family member of actin-related proteins (ARPs), which share significant amino acid sequence identity to conventional actins. Both actins and ARPs have an actin fold, which is an ATP-binding cleft, as a common feature. The ARPs are involved in diverse cellular processes, including vesicular transport, spindle orientation, nuclear migration and chromatin remodeling. This gene encodes a 53 kDa subunit protein of the BAF (BRG1/brm-associated factor) complex in mammals, which is functionally related to SWI/SNF complex in S. cerevisiae and Drosophila; the latter is thought to facilitate transcriptional activation of specific genes by antagonizing chromatin-mediated transcriptional repression. Together with beta-actin, it is required for maximal ATPase activity of BRG1, and for the association of the BAF complex with chromatin/matrix. Three transcript variants that encode two different protein isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ACY3 | aminoacylase 3| |
| MALT1 | MALT1 paracaspase|This gene has been found to be recurrently rearranged in chromosomal translocation with two other genes - baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3 (also known as apoptosis inhibitor 2) and immunoglobulin heavy chain locus - in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. The protein encoded by this gene may play a role in NF-kappaB activation. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ATP5G2 | ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit C2 (subunit 9)|This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and single representatives of the gamma, delta, and epsilon subunits. The proton channel likely has nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). There are three separate genes which encode subunit c of the proton channel and they specify precursors with different import sequences but identical mature proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is one of three precursors of subunit c. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. This gene has multiple pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| PHF8 | PHD finger protein 8|The protein encoded by this gene is a histone lysine demethylase that preferentially acts on histones in the monomethyl or dimethyl states. The encoded protein requires Fe(2+) ion, 2-oxoglutarate, and oxygen for its catalytic activity. Defects in this gene are a cause of mental retardation syndromic X-linked Siderius type (MRXSSD). Four transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| MTR | 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase|This gene encodes the 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase. This enzyme, also known as cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase, catalyzes the final step in methionine biosynthesis. Mutations in MTR have been identified as the underlying cause of methylcobalamin deficiency complementation group G. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| ZRSR2 | zinc finger (CCCH type), RNA-binding motif and serine/arginine rich 2|This gene encodes an essential splicing factor. The encoded protein associates with the U2 auxiliary factor heterodimer, which is required for the recognition of a functional 3' splice site in pre-mRNA splicing, and may play a role in network interactions during spliceosome assembly. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SUCLG2 | succinate-CoA ligase, GDP-forming, beta subunit|This gene encodes a GTP-specific beta subunit of succinyl-CoA synthetase. Succinyl-CoA synthetase catalyzes the reversible reaction involving the formation of succinyl-CoA and succinate. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 5 and 12. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| PHF6 | PHD finger protein 6|This gene is a member of the plant homeodomain (PHD)-like finger (PHF) family. It encodes a protein with two PHD-type zinc finger domains, indicating a potential role in transcriptional regulation, that localizes to the nucleolus. Mutations affecting the coding region of this gene or the splicing of the transcript have been associated with Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome (BFLS), a disorder characterized by mental retardation, epilepsy, hypogonadism, hypometabolism, obesity, swelling of subcutaneous tissue of the face, narrow palpebral fissures, and large ears. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants, encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| SUCLG1 | succinate-CoA ligase, alpha subunit|This gene encodes the alpha subunit of the heterodimeric enzyme succinate coenzyme A ligase. This enzyme is targeted to the mitochondria and catalyzes the conversion of succinyl CoA and ADP or GDP to succinate and ATP or GTP. Mutations in this gene are the cause of the metabolic disorder fatal infantile lactic acidosis and mitochondrial DNA depletion. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| TBC1D22B | TBC1 domain family, member 22B| |
| PHF7 | PHD finger protein 7|Spermatogenesis is a complex process regulated by extracellular and intracellular factors as well as cellular interactions among interstitial cells of the testis, Sertoli cells, and germ cells. This gene is expressed in the testis in Sertoli cells but not germ cells. The protein encoded by this gene contains plant homeodomain (PHD) finger domains, also known as leukemia associated protein (LAP) domains, believed to be involved in transcriptional regulation. The protein, which localizes to the nucleus of transfected cells, has been implicated in the transcriptional regulation of spermatogenesis. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| ALDOA | aldolase A, fructose-bisphosphate|The protein encoded by this gene, Aldolase A (fructose-bisphosphate aldolase), is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Three aldolase isozymes (A, B, and C), encoded by three different genes, are differentially expressed during development. Aldolase A is found in the developing embryo and is produced in even greater amounts in adult muscle. Aldolase A expression is repressed in adult liver, kidney and intestine and similar to aldolase C levels in brain and other nervous tissue. Aldolase A deficiency has been associated with myopathy and hemolytic anemia. Alternative splicing and alternative promoter usage results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 3 and 10. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| GRPR | gastrin-releasing peptide receptor|Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) regulates numerous functions of the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems, including release of gastrointestinal hormones, smooth muscle cell contraction, and epithelial cell proliferation and is a potent mitogen for neoplastic tissues. The effects of GRP are mediated through the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor. This receptor is a glycosylated, 7-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor that activates the phospholipase C signaling pathway. The receptor is aberrantly expressed in numerous cancers such as those of the lung, colon, and prostate. An individual with autism and multiple exostoses was found to have a balanced translocation between chromosome 8 and a chromosome X breakpoint located within the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ALDOC | aldolase C, fructose-bisphosphate|This gene encodes a member of the class I fructose-biphosphate aldolase gene family. Expressed specifically in the hippocampus and Purkinje cells of the brain, the encoded protein is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible aldol cleavage of fructose-1,6-biphosphate and fructose 1-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and either glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate or glyceraldehyde, respectively. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ALDOB | aldolase B, fructose-bisphosphate|Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13) is a tetrameric glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Vertebrates have 3 aldolase isozymes which are distinguished by their electrophoretic and catalytic properties. Differences indicate that aldolases A, B, and C are distinct proteins, the products of a family of related 'housekeeping' genes exhibiting developmentally regulated expression of the different isozymes. The developing embryo produces aldolase A, which is produced in even greater amounts in adult muscle where it can be as much as 5% of total cellular protein. In adult liver, kidney and intestine, aldolase A expression is repressed and aldolase B is produced. In brain and other nervous tissue, aldolase A and C are expressed about equally. There is a high degree of homology between aldolase A and C. Defects in ALDOB cause hereditary fructose intolerance. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| CAND2 | cullin-associated and neddylation-dissociated 2 (putative)| |
| BAZ1A | bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain, 1A|The BAZ1A gene encodes the accessory subunit of the ATP-dependent chromatin assembly factor (ACF), a member of the ISWI ('imitation switch') family of chromatin remodeling complexes (summarized by Racki et al., 2009 [PubMed 20033039]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010] |
| FMN1 | formin 1| |
| BPY2C | basic charge, Y-linked, 2C|This gene is located in the nonrecombining portion of the Y chromosome, and expressed specifically in testis. The encoded protein interacts with ubiquitin protein ligase E3A and may be involved in male germ cell development and male infertility. Three nearly identical copies of this gene exist on chromosome Y; two copies are part of a palindromic region. This record represents the more telomeric copy within the palindrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRMT3 | protein arginine methyltransferase 3|This gene belongs to the protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the methylation of guanidino nitrogens of arginyl residues of proteins. The enzyme acts on 40S ribosomal protein S2 (rpS2), which is its major in-vivo substrate, and is involved in the proper maturation of the 80S ribosome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] |
| FSHB | follicle stimulating hormone, beta polypeptide|The pituitary glycoprotein hormone family includes follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, chorionic gonadotropin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. All of these glycoproteins consist of an identical alpha subunit and a hormone-specific beta subunit. This gene encodes the beta subunit of follicle-stimulating hormone. In conjunction with luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone induces egg and sperm production. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TIA1 | TIA1 cytotoxic granule-associated RNA binding protein|The product encoded by this gene is a member of a RNA-binding protein family and possesses nucleolytic activity against cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) target cells. It has been suggested that this protein may be involved in the induction of apoptosis as it preferentially recognizes poly(A) homopolymers and induces DNA fragmentation in CTL targets. The major granule-associated species is a 15-kDa protein that is thought to be derived from the carboxyl terminus of the 40-kDa product by proteolytic processing. Alternative splicing resulting in different isoforms of this gene product has been described in the literature. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC2A4RG | SLC2A4 regulator|The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear transcription factor involved in the activation of the solute carrier family 2 member 4 gene. The encoded protein interacts with another transcription factor, myocyte enhancer factor 2, to activate transcription of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BAZ1B | bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain, 1B|This gene encodes a member of the bromodomain protein family. The bromodomain is a structural motif characteristic of proteins involved in chromatin-dependent regulation of transcription. This gene is deleted in Williams-Beuren syndrome, a developmental disorder caused by deletion of multiple genes at 7q11.23. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ABCC8 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 8|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MRP subfamily which is involved in multi-drug resistance. This protein functions as a modulator of ATP-sensitive potassium channels and insulin release. Mutations and deficiencies in this protein have been observed in patients with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy, an autosomal recessive disorder of unregulated and high insulin secretion. Mutations have also been associated with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type II, an autosomal dominant disease of defective insulin secretion. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] |
| ABCC9 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 9|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MRP subfamily which is involved in multi-drug resistance. This protein is thought to form ATP-sensitive potassium channels in cardiac, skeletal, and vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle. Protein structure suggests a role as the drug-binding channel-modulating subunit of the extra-pancreatic ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Mutations in this gene are associated with cardiomyopathy dilated type 1O. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011] |
| CDR2 | cerebellar degeneration-related protein 2, 62kDa| |
| ABCC4 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 4|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MRP subfamily which is involved in multi-drug resistance. This family member plays a role in cellular detoxification as a pump for its substrate, organic anions. It may also function in prostaglandin-mediated cAMP signaling in ciliogenesis. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| HAO1 | hydroxyacid oxidase (glycolate oxidase) 1|This gene is one of three related genes that have 2-hydroxyacid oxidase activity yet differ in encoded protein amino acid sequence, tissue expression and substrate preference. Subcellular location of the encoded protein is the peroxisome. Specifically, this gene is expressed primarily in liver and pancreas and the encoded protein is most active on glycolate, a two-carbon substrate. The protein is also active on 2-hydroxy fatty acids. The transcript detected at high levels in pancreas may represent an alternatively spliced form or the use of a multiple near-consensus upstream polyadenylation site. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CFHR1 | complement factor H-related 1|This gene encodes a secreted protein belonging to the complement factor H protein family. It binds to Pseudomonas aeruginosa elongation factor Tuf together with plasminogen, which is proteolytically activated. It is proposed that Tuf acts as a virulence factor by acquiring host proteins to the pathogen surface, controlling complement, and facilitating tissue invasion. Mutations in this gene are associated with an increased risk of atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| PHF1 | PHD finger protein 1|This gene encodes a Polycomb group protein. The protein is a component of a histone H3 lysine-27 (H3K27)-specific methyltransferase complex, and functions in transcriptional repression of homeotic genes. The protein is also recruited to double-strand breaks, and reduced protein levels results in X-ray sensitivity and increased homologous recombination. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| ABCC1 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra-and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This full transporter is a member of the MRP subfamily which is involved in multi-drug resistance. This protein functions as a multispecific organic anion transporter, with oxidized glutatione, cysteinyl leukotrienes, and activated aflatoxin B1 as substrates. This protein also transports glucuronides and sulfate conjugates of steroid hormones and bile salts. Alternatively spliced variants of this gene have been described but their full-length nature is unknown. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| ABCC2 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MRP subfamily which is involved in multi-drug resistance. This protein is expressed in the canalicular (apical) part of the hepatocyte and functions in biliary transport. Substrates include anticancer drugs such as vinblastine; therefore, this protein appears to contribute to drug resistance in mammalian cells. Several different mutations in this gene have been observed in patients with Dubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TPR | translocated promoter region, nuclear basket protein|This gene encodes a large coiled-coil protein that forms intranuclear filaments attached to the inner surface of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). The protein directly interacts with several components of the NPC. It is required for the nuclear export of mRNAs and some proteins. Oncogenic fusions of the 5' end of this gene with several different kinase genes occur in some neoplasias. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| DNAH14 | dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 14|Dyneins are microtubule-associated motor protein complexes composed of several heavy, light, and intermediate chains. Two major classes of dyneins, axonemal and cytoplasmic, have been identified. DNAH14 is an axonemal dynein heavy chain (DHC) (Vaughan et al., 1996 [PubMed 8812413]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| TMOD4 | tropomodulin 4 (muscle)| |
| DNAH17 | dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 17|Dyneins are microtubule-associated motor protein complexes composed of several heavy, light, and intermediate chains. DNAH17 is a heavy chain associated with axonemal dynein (Milisav and Affara, 1998 [PubMed 9545504]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| TMOD1 | tropomodulin 1|This gene encodes a member of the tropomodulin family. The encoded protein is an actin-capping protein that regulates tropomyosin by binding to its N-terminus, inhibiting depolymerization and elongation of the pointed end of actin filaments and thereby influencing the structure of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton. Multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009] |
| DNAH11 | dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 11|This gene encodes a ciliary outer dynein arm protein and is a member of the dynein heavy chain family. It is a microtubule-dependent motor ATPase and has been reported to be involved in the movement of respiratory cilia. Mutations in this gene have been implicated in causing Kartagener Syndrome (a combination of situs inversus totalis and Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD), also called Immotile Cilia Syndrome 1 (ICS1)) and male sterility. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| TMOD3 | tropomodulin 3 (ubiquitous)| |
| TMOD2 | tropomodulin 2 (neuronal)|This gene encodes a neuronal-specific member of the tropomodulin family of actin-regulatory proteins. The encoded protein caps the pointed end of actin filaments preventing both elongation and depolymerization. The capping activity of this protein is dependent on its association with tropomyosin. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008] |
| CHCHD4 | coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 4|CHCHD4, a component of human mitochondria, belongs to a protein family whose members share 6 highly conserved cysteine residues constituting a -CXC-CX(9)C-CX(9)C- motif in the C terminus (Hofmann et al., 2005 [PubMed 16185709]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PSMF1 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) inhibitor subunit 1 (PI31)|The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes a protein that inhibits the activation of the proteasome by the 11S and 19S regulators. Alternative transcript variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TNNC1 | troponin C type 1 (slow)|Troponin is a central regulatory protein of striated muscle contraction, and together with tropomyosin, is located on the actin filament. Troponin consists of 3 subunits: TnI, which is the inhibitor of actomyosin ATPase; TnT, which contains the binding site for tropomyosin; and TnC, the protein encoded by this gene. The binding of calcium to TnC abolishes the inhibitory action of TnI, thus allowing the interaction of actin with myosin, the hydrolysis of ATP, and the generation of tension. Mutations in this gene are associated with cardiomyopathy dilated type 1Z. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| ZNF79 | zinc finger protein 79| |
| TALDO1 | transaldolase 1|Transaldolase 1 is a key enzyme of the nonoxidative pentose phosphate pathway providing ribose-5-phosphate for nucleic acid synthesis and NADPH for lipid biosynthesis. This pathway can also maintain glutathione at a reduced state and thus protect sulfhydryl groups and cellular integrity from oxygen radicals. The functional gene of transaldolase 1 is located on chromosome 11 and a pseudogene is identified on chromosome 1 but there are conflicting map locations. The second and third exon of this gene were developed by insertion of a retrotransposable element. This gene is thought to be involved in multiple sclerosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| APLP1 | amyloid beta (A4) precursor-like protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the highly conserved amyloid precursor protein gene family. The encoded protein is a membrane-associated glycoprotein that is cleaved by secretases in a manner similar to amyloid beta A4 precursor protein cleavage. This cleavage liberates an intracellular cytoplasmic fragment that may act as a transcriptional activator. The encoded protein may also play a role in synaptic maturation during cortical development. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| APLP2 | amyloid beta (A4) precursor-like protein 2|This gene encodes amyloid precursor- like protein 2 (APLP2), which is a member of the APP (amyloid precursor protein) family including APP, APLP1 and APLP2. This protein is ubiquitously expressed. It contains heparin-, copper- and zinc- binding domains at the N-terminus, BPTI/Kunitz inhibitor and E2 domains in the middle region, and transmembrane and intracellular domains at the C-terminus. This protein interacts with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. The synergy of this protein and the APP is required to mediate neuromuscular transmission, spatial learning and synaptic plasticity. This protein has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| ZNF71 | zinc finger protein 71| |
| ZNF76 | zinc finger protein 76| |
| ZNF77 | zinc finger protein 77| |
| ZNF74 | zinc finger protein 74| |
| RPL22L1 | ribosomal protein L22-like 1| |
| GLI2 | GLI family zinc finger 2|This gene encodes a protein which belongs to the C2H2-type zinc finger protein subclass of the Gli family. Members of this subclass are characterized as transcription factors which bind DNA through zinc finger motifs. These motifs contain conserved H-C links. Gli family zinc finger proteins are mediators of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling and they are implicated as potent oncogenes in the embryonal carcinoma cell. The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the cytoplasm and activates patched Drosophila homolog (PTCH) gene expression. It is also thought to play a role during embryogenesis. The encoded protein is associated with several phenotypes- Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome, Pallister-Hall syndrome, preaxial polydactyly type IV, postaxial polydactyly types A1 and B. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SUPT20HL2 | suppressor of Ty 20 homolog (S. cerevisiae)-like 2| |
| OCIAD2 | OCIA domain containing 2| |
| RYR1 | ryanodine receptor 1 (skeletal)|This gene encodes a ryanodine receptor found in skeletal muscle. The encoded protein functions as a calcium release channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum but also serves to connect the sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubule. Mutations in this gene are associated with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility, central core disease, and minicore myopathy with external ophthalmoplegia. Alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RYR3 | ryanodine receptor 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a ryanodine receptor, which functions to release calcium from intracellular storage for use in many cellular processes. For example, the encoded protein is involved in skeletal muscle contraction by releasing calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum followed by depolarization of T-tubules. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| RYR2 | ryanodine receptor 2 (cardiac)|This gene encodes a ryanodine receptor found in cardiac muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. The encoded protein is one of the components of a calcium channel, composed of a tetramer of the ryanodine receptor proteins and a tetramer of FK506 binding protein 1B proteins, that supplies calcium to cardiac muscle. Mutations in this gene are associated with stress-induced polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TBC1D22A | TBC1 domain family, member 22A| |
| GOLGA1 | golgin A1|The Golgi apparatus, which participates in glycosylation and transport of proteins and lipids in the secretory pathway, consists of a series of stacked cisternae (flattened membrane sacs). Interactions between the Golgi and microtubules are thought to be important for the reorganization of the Golgi after it fragments during mitosis. This gene encodes one of the golgins, a family of proteins localized to the Golgi. This encoded protein is associated with Sjogren's syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| GOLGA2 | golgin A2|The Golgi apparatus, which participates in glycosylation and transport of proteins and lipids in the secretory pathway, consists of a series of stacked cisternae (flattened membrane sacs). Interactions between the Golgi and microtubules are thought to be important for the reorganization of the Golgi after it fragments during mitosis. This gene encodes one of the golgins, a family of proteins localized to the Golgi. This encoded protein has been postulated to play roles in the stacking of Golgi cisternae and in vesicular transport. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| GOLGA3 | golgin A3|The Golgi apparatus, which participates in glycosylation and transport of proteins and lipids in the secretory pathway, consists of a series of stacked cisternae (flattened membrane sacs). Interactions between the Golgi and microtubules are thought to be important for the reorganization of the Golgi after it fragments during mitosis. This gene encodes a member of the golgin family of proteins which are localized to the Golgi. Its encoded protein has been postulated to play a role in nuclear transport and Golgi apparatus localization. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| GOLGA4 | golgin A4|The Golgi apparatus, which participates in glycosylation and transport of proteins and lipids in the secretory pathway, consists of a series of stacked cisternae (flattened membrane sacs). Interactions between the Golgi and microtubules are thought to be important for the reorganization of the Golgi after it fragments during mitosis. This gene encodes one of the golgins, a family of proteins localized to the Golgi. This protein has been postulated to play a role in Rab6-regulated membrane-tethering events in the Golgi apparatus. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified in this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| GOLGA5 | golgin A5|The Golgi apparatus, which participates in glycosylation and transport of proteins and lipids in the secretory pathway, consists of a series of stacked cisternae (flattened membrane sacs). Interactions between the Golgi and microtubules are thought to be important for the reorganization of the Golgi after it fragments during mitosis. This gene encodes one of the golgins, a family of proteins localized to the Golgi. This protein is a coiled-coil membrane protein that has been postulated to play a role in vesicle tethering and docking. Translocations involving this gene and the ret proto-oncogene have been found in tumor tissues; the chimeric sequences have been designated RET-II and PTC5. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 5. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| GOLGA7 | golgin A7| |
| EDN1 | endothelin 1|The protein encoded by this gene is proteolytically processed to release a secreted peptide termed endothelin 1. This peptide is a potent vasoconstrictor and is produced by vascular endothelial cells. Endothelin 1 also can affect the central nervous system. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| EDN3 | endothelin 3|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the endothelin family. Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoactive peptides involved in a variety of biological functions. The active form of this protein is a 21 amino acid peptide processed from the precursor protein. The active peptide is a ligand for endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB). The interaction of this endothelin with EDNRB is essential for development of neural crest-derived cell lineages, such as melanocytes and enteric neurons. Mutations in this gene and EDNRB have been associated with Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) and Waardenburg syndrome (WS), which are congenital disorders involving neural crest-derived cells. Altered expression of this gene is implicated in tumorigenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| EDN2 | endothelin 2|This gene encodes a member of the endothelin protein family of secretory vasoconstrictive peptides. The preproprotein is processed to a short mature form which functions as a ligand for the endothelin receptors that initiate intracellular signaling events. This gene product is involved in a wide range of biological processes, such as hypertension and ovulation. Altered expression of this gene is implicated in tumorigenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014] |
| EP400NL | EP400 N-terminal like| |
| KIAA1715 | KIAA1715| |
| PTTG1IP | pituitary tumor-transforming 1 interacting protein|This gene encodes a single-pass type I integral membrane protein, which binds to pituitary tumor-transforming 1 protein (PTTG1), and facilitates translocation of PTTG1 into the nucleus. Coexpression of this protein and PTTG1 induces transcriptional activation of basic fibroblast growth factor. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013] |
| TCHP | trichoplein, keratin filament binding| |
| PDPR | pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase regulatory subunit| |
| ENPP7 | ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 7| |
| LRRC63 | leucine rich repeat containing 63| |
| RSPRY1 | ring finger and SPRY domain containing 1|This gene encodes a glycoprotein that contains a RING-type zinc finger domain and an SPRY domain of unknown function. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015] |
| ENPP2 | ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2|The protein encoded by this gene functions as both a phosphodiesterase, which cleaves phosphodiester bonds at the 5' end of oligonucleotides, and a phospholipase, which catalyzes production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. LPA evokes growth factor-like responses including stimulation of cell proliferation and chemotaxis. This gene product stimulates the motility of tumor cells and has angiogenic properties, and its expression is upregulated in several kinds of carcinomas. The gene product is secreted and further processed to make the biologically active form. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008] |
| ENPP3 | ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a series of ectoenzymes that are involved in hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides. These ectoenzymes possess ATPase and ATP pyrophosphatase activities and are type II transmembrane proteins. Expression of the related rat mRNA has been found in a subset of immature glial cells and in the alimentary tract. The corresponding rat protein has been detected in the pancreas, small intestine, colon, and liver. The human mRNA is expressed in glioma cells, prostate, and uterus. Expression of the human protein has been detected in uterus, basophils, and mast cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ENPP1 | ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1|This gene is a member of the ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (ENPP) family. The encoded protein is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein comprising two identical disulfide-bonded subunits. This protein has broad specificity and cleaves a variety of substrates, including phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides and nucleotide sugars and pyrophosphate bonds of nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. This protein may function to hydrolyze nucleoside 5' triphosphates to their corresponding monophosphates and may also hydrolyze diadenosine polyphosphates. Mutations in this gene have been associated with 'idiopathic' infantile arterial calcification, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL), and insulin resistance. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C10orf10 | chromosome 10 open reading frame 10|The expression of this gene is induced by fasting as well as by progesterone. The protein encoded by this gene contains a t-synaptosome-associated protein receptor (SNARE) coiled-coil homology domain and a peroxisomal targeting signal. Production of the encoded protein leads to phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factor ELK1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CFHR4 | complement factor H-related 4|This gene is a member of the complement factor H (CFH) gene family, and encodes one of the 5 CFH-related (CFHR) proteins. These 5 genes are closely linked to the CFH gene on chromosome 1q31-q32. The CFHRs are secreted plasma proteins synthesized primarily by the hepatocytes, and composed of highly-related short consensus repeats (SCRs). This protein enhances the cofactor activity of CFH, and is involved in complement regulation. It can associate with lipoproteins and may play a role in lipid metabolism. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms (varying in the number of SCRs) have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011] |
| GIPC1 | GIPC PDZ domain containing family, member 1|GIPC1 is a scaffolding protein that regulates cell surface receptor expression and trafficking (Lee et al., 2008 [PubMed 18775991]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2009] |
| GIPC2 | GIPC PDZ domain containing family, member 2| |
| GIPC3 | GIPC PDZ domain containing family, member 3|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the GIPC family. Studies in mice suggest that this gene is required for postnatal maturation of the hair bundle and long-term survival of hair cells and spiral ganglion in the ear. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive deafness. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| CSNK2A3 | casein kinase 2, alpha 3 polypeptide|This gene encodes a protein that is highly similar to the casein kinase II alpha protein. Casein kinase II is a serine/threonine protein kinase complex that phosphorylates numerous substrates including casein. The alpha subunit is the catalytic component of the complex. Mutations in this gene may be associated with a susceptibility to lung cancer. There are contradictory views among published reports of this gene as to whether or not it is a protein-coding gene or a processed pseudogene (PMIDs: 20625391, 20625391 and 10094393). [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012] |
| CSNK2A2 | casein kinase 2, alpha prime polypeptide| |
| ELFN2 | extracellular leucine-rich repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing 2| |
| PTMA | prothymosin, alpha| |
| FZR1 | fizzy/cell division cycle 20 related 1 (Drosophila)| |
| MEGF10 | multiple EGF-like-domains 10|This gene encodes a member of the multiple epidermal growth factor-like domains protein family. The encoded protein plays a role in cell adhesion, motility and proliferation, and is a critical mediator of apoptotic cell phagocytosis as well as amyloid-beta peptide uptake in the brain. Expression of this gene may be associated with schizophrenia, and mutations in this gene are a cause of early-onset myopathy, areflexia, respiratory distress, and dysphagia (EMARDD) as well as congenital myopathy with minicores. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| MEGF11 | multiple EGF-like-domains 11| |
| HBG1 | hemoglobin, gamma A|The gamma globin genes (HBG1 and HBG2) are normally expressed in the fetal liver, spleen and bone marrow. Two gamma chains together with two alpha chains constitute fetal hemoglobin (HbF) which is normally replaced by adult hemoglobin (HbA) at birth. In some beta-thalassemias and related conditions, gamma chain production continues into adulthood. The two types of gamma chains differ at residue 136 where glycine is found in the G-gamma product (HBG2) and alanine is found in the A-gamma product (HBG1). The former is predominant at birth. The order of the genes in the beta-globin cluster is: 5'-epsilon -- gamma-G -- gamma-A -- delta -- beta--3'. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CD2AP | CD2-associated protein|This gene encodes a scaffolding molecule that regulates the actin cytoskeleton. The protein directly interacts with filamentous actin and a variety of cell membrane proteins through multiple actin binding sites, SH3 domains, and a proline-rich region containing binding sites for SH3 domains. The cytoplasmic protein localizes to membrane ruffles, lipid rafts, and the leading edges of cells. It is implicated in dynamic actin remodeling and membrane trafficking that occurs during receptor endocytosis and cytokinesis. Haploinsufficiency of this gene is implicated in susceptibility to glomerular disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CFHR5 | complement factor H-related 5|This gene is a member of a small complement factor H (CFH) gene cluster on chromosome 1. Each member of this gene family contains multiple short consensus repeats (SCRs) typical of regulators of complement activation. The protein encoded by this gene has nine SCRs with the first two repeats having heparin binding properties, a region within repeats 5-7 having heparin binding and C reactive protein binding properties, and the C-terminal repeats being similar to a complement component 3 b (C3b) binding domain. This protein co-localizes with C3, binds C3b in a dose-dependent manner, and is recruited to tissues damaged by C-reactive protein. Allelic variations in this gene have been associated, but not causally linked, with two different forms of kidney disease: membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II (MPGNII) and hemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| ZZEF1 | zinc finger, ZZ-type with EF-hand domain 1| |
| PTMS | parathymosin| |
| DKKL1 | dickkopf-like 1|The dickkopf protein family interacts with the Wnt signaling pathway and its members are characterized by two conserved cysteine-rich domains. This gene encodes a secreted protein that has low sequence similarity to the dickkopf-3 protein. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| PTGES2 | prostaglandin E synthase 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane-associated prostaglandin E synthase, which catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandin E2. This protein also has been shown to activate the transcription regulated by a gamma-interferon-activated transcription element (GATE). Multiple transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
| KDM5D | lysine (K)-specific demethylase 5D|This gene encodes a protein containing zinc finger domains. A short peptide derived from this protein is a minor histocompatibility antigen which can lead to graft rejection of male donor cells in a female recipient. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| CPS1 | carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1, mitochondrial|The mitochondrial enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate from ammonia and bicarbonate. This reaction is the first committed step of the urea cycle, which is important in the removal of excess urea from cells. The encoded protein may also represent a core mitochondrial nucleoid protein. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. The shortest isoform may not be localized to the mitochondrion. Mutations in this gene have been associated with carbamoyl phosphate synthetase deficiency, susceptibility to persistent pulmonary hypertension, and susceptibility to venoocclusive disease after bone marrow transplantation.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| KDM5B | lysine (K)-specific demethylase 5B| |
| KDM5C | lysine (K)-specific demethylase 5C|This gene is a member of the SMCY homolog family and encodes a protein with one ARID domain, one JmjC domain, one JmjN domain and two PHD-type zinc fingers. The DNA-binding motifs suggest this protein is involved in the regulation of transcription and chromatin remodeling. Mutations in this gene have been associated with X-linked mental retardation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009] |
| OBSL1 | obscurin-like 1|Cytoskeletal adaptor proteins function in linking the internal cytoskeleton of cells to the cell membrane. This gene encodes a cytoskeletal adaptor protein, which is a member of the Unc-89/obscurin family. The protein contains multiple N- and C-terminal immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains and a central fibronectin type 3 domain. Mutations in this gene cause 3M syndrome type 2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found in this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| AIPL1 | aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein-like 1|Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is the most severe inherited retinopathy with the earliest age of onset and accounts for at least 5% of all inherited retinal diseases. Affected individuals are diagnosed at birth or in the first few months of life with nystagmus, severely impaired vision or blindness and an abnormal or flat electroretinogram. The photoreceptor/pineal-expressed gene, AIPL1, encoding aryl-hydrocarbon interacting protein-like 1, is located within the LCA4 candidate region. The encoded protein contains three tetratricopeptide motifs, consistent with chaperone or nuclear transport activity. Mutations in this gene may cause approximately 20% of recessive LCA. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| COL8A2 | collagen, type VIII, alpha 2|This gene encodes the alpha 2 chain of type VIII collagen. This protein is a major component of the basement membrane of the corneal endothelium and forms homo- or heterotrimers with alpha 1 (VIII) type collagens. Defects in this gene are associated with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy and posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy type 2. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| COL8A1 | collagen, type VIII, alpha 1|This gene encodes one of the two alpha chains of type VIII collagen. The gene product is a short chain collagen and a major component of the basement membrane of the corneal endothelium. The type VIII collagen fibril can be either a homo- or a heterotrimer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011] |
| FA2H | fatty acid 2-hydroxylase|This gene encodes a protein that catalyzes the synthesis of 2-hydroxysphingolipids, a subset of sphingolipids that contain 2-hydroxy fatty acids. Sphingolipids play roles in many cellular processes and their structural diversity arises from modification of the hydrophobic ceramide moiety, such as by 2-hydroxylation of the N-acyl chain, and the existence of many different head groups. Mutations in this gene have been associated with leukodystrophy dysmyelinating with spastic paraparesis with or without dystonia.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| UBE2L6 | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2L 6|The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1s), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) and ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s). This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. This enzyme is highly similar in primary structure to the enzyme encoded by the UBE2L3 gene. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| OPN1MW | opsin 1 (cone pigments), medium-wave-sensitive|This gene encodes for a light absorbing visual pigment of the opsin gene family. The encoded protein is called green cone photopigment or medium-wavelength sensitive opsin. Opsins are G-protein coupled receptors with seven transmembrane domains, an N-terminal extracellular domain, and a C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. The long-wavelength opsin gene and multiple copies of the medium-wavelength opsin gene are tandemly arrayed on the X chromosome and frequent unequal recombination and gene conversion may occur between these sequences. X chromosomes may have fusions of the medium- and long-wavelength opsin genes or may have more than one copy of these genes. Defects in this gene are the cause of deutanopic colorblindness. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] |
| GLUL | glutamate-ammonia ligase|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the glutamine synthetase family. It catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia in an ATP-dependent reaction. This protein plays a role in ammonia and glutamate detoxification, acid-base homeostasis, cell signaling, and cell proliferation. Glutamine is an abundant amino acid, and is important to the biosynthesis of several amino acids, pyrimidines, and purines. Mutations in this gene are associated with congenital glutamine deficiency, and overexpression of this gene was observed in some primary liver cancer samples. There are six pseudogenes of this gene found on chromosomes 2, 5, 9, 11, and 12. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| LONP1 | lon peptidase 1, mitochondrial|This gene encodes a mitochondrial matrix protein that belongs to the Lon family of ATP-dependent proteases. This protein mediates the selective degradation of misfolded, unassembled or oxidatively damaged polypeptides in the mitochondrial matrix. It may also have a chaperone function in the assembly of inner membrane protein complexes, and participate in the regulation of mitochondrial gene expression and maintenance of the integrity of the mitochondrial genome. Decreased expression of this gene has been noted in a patient with hereditary spastic paraplegia (PMID:18378094). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013] |
| DNM1 | dynamin 1|This gene encodes a member of the dynamin subfamily of GTP-binding proteins. The encoded protein possesses unique mechanochemical properties used to tubulate and sever membranes, and is involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and other vesicular trafficking processes. Actin and other cytoskeletal proteins act as binding partners for the encoded protein, which can also self-assemble leading to stimulation of GTPase activity. More than sixty highly conserved copies of the 3' region of this gene are found elsewhere in the genome, particularly on chromosomes Y and 15. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UBE2L3 | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2L 3|The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1s), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) and ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s). This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. This enzyme is demonstrated to participate in the ubiquitination of p53, c-Fos, and the NF-kB precursor p105 in vitro. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| DNM3 | dynamin 3|This gene encodes a member of a family of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins that associate with microtubules and are involved in vesicular transport. The encoded protein functions in the development of megakaryocytes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013] |
| DNM2 | dynamin 2|Dynamins represent one of the subfamilies of GTP-binding proteins. These proteins share considerable sequence similarity over the N-terminal portion of the molecule, which contains the GTPase domain. Dynamins are associated with microtubules. They have been implicated in cell processes such as endocytosis and cell motility, and in alterations of the membrane that accompany certain activities such as bone resorption by osteoclasts. Dynamins bind many proteins that bind actin and other cytoskeletal proteins. Dynamins can also self-assemble, a process that stimulates GTPase activity. Five alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different proteins have been described. Additional alternatively spliced transcripts may exist, but their full-length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010] |
| TGFA | transforming growth factor, alpha|This gene encodes a growth factor that is a ligand for the epidermal growth factor receptor, which activates a signaling pathway for cell proliferation, differentiation and development. This protein may act as either a transmembrane-bound ligand or a soluble ligand. This gene has been associated with many types of cancers, and it may also be involved in some cases of cleft lip/palate. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| ICT1 | immature colon carcinoma transcript 1|The protein encoded by this gene is a peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase and a vital component of the large mitochondrial ribosome. The encoded protein serves as a ribosome release factor for this ribosome, which translates mitochondrial genes. This protein may be responsible for degrading prematurely-terminated polypeptides and for reusing stalled ribosomes. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
| PREX2 | phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchange factor 2| |
| PREX1 | phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchange factor 1|The protein encoded by this gene acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the RHO family of small GTP-binding proteins (RACs). It has been shown to bind to and activate RAC1 by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. The encoded protein, which is found mainly in the cytoplasm, is activated by phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate and the beta-gamma subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MUC21 | mucin 21, cell surface associated| |
| ABCB4 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 4|The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MDR/TAP subfamily. Members of the MDR/TAP subfamily are involved in multidrug resistance as well as antigen presentation. This gene encodes a full transporter and member of the p-glycoprotein family of membrane proteins with phosphatidylcholine as its substrate. The function of this protein has not yet been determined; however, it may involve transport of phospholipids from liver hepatocytes into bile. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several products of undetermined function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ZNF287 | zinc finger protein 287|This gene encodes a member of the krueppel family of zinc finger proteins, suggesting a role as a transcription factor. Its specific function has not been determined. This gene is located near the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IFT122 | intraflagellar transport 122|This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. This cytoplasmic protein contains seven WD repeats and an AF-2 domain which function by recruiting coregulatory molecules and in transcriptional activation. Mutations in this gene cause cranioectodermal dysplasia-1. A related pseudogene is located on chromosome 3. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| ZNF285 | zinc finger protein 285| |
| ZNF282 | zinc finger protein 282| |
| ZNF283 | zinc finger protein 283| |
| C9orf106 | chromosome 9 open reading frame 106| |
| ZNF281 | zinc finger protein 281| |
| NHP2L1 | NHP2 non-histone chromosome protein 2-like 1 (S. cerevisiae)|Originally named because of its sequence similarity to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae NHP2 (non-histone protein 2), this protein appears to be a highly conserved nuclear protein that is a component of the [U4/U6.U5] tri-snRNP. It binds to the 5' stem-loop of U4 snRNA. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CRYAA | crystallin, alpha A|Mammalian lens crystallins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma families. Alpha crystallins are composed of two gene products: alpha-A and alpha-B, for acidic and basic, respectively. Alpha crystallins can be induced by heat shock and are members of the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family. They act as molecular chaperones although they do not renature proteins and release them in the fashion of a true chaperone; instead they hold them in large soluble aggregates. Post-translational modifications decrease the ability to chaperone. These heterogeneous aggregates consist of 30-40 subunits; the alpha-A and alpha-B subunits have a 3:1 ratio, respectively. Two additional functions of alpha crystallins are an autokinase activity and participation in the intracellular architecture. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. Alpha-A and alpha-B gene products are differentially expressed; alpha-A is preferentially restricted to the lens and alpha-B is expressed widely in many tissues and organs. Defects in this gene cause autosomal dominant congenital cataract (ADCC). [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] |
| SLC14A2 | solute carrier family 14 (urea transporter), member 2|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the urea transporter family. In mammalian cells, urea is the chief end product of nitrogen catabolism, and plays an important role in the urinary concentration mechanism. This protein is expressed in the inner medulla of the kidney, and mediates rapid transepithelial urea transport across the inner medullary collecting duct. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| ORC3 | origin recognition complex, subunit 3|The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a highly conserved six subunits protein complex essential for the initiation of the DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Studies in yeast demonstrated that ORC binds specifically to origins of replication and serves as a platform for the assembly of additional initiation factors such as Cdc6 and Mcm proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the ORC complex. Studies of a similar gene in Drosophila suggested a possible role of this protein in neuronal proliferation and olfactory memory. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GYS1 | glycogen synthase 1 (muscle)|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the addition of glucose monomers to the growing glycogen molecule through the formation of alpha-1,4-glycoside linkages. Mutations in this gene are associated with muscle glycogen storage disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| GYS2 | glycogen synthase 2 (liver)|The protein encoded by this gene, liver glycogen synthase, catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of glycogen - the transfer of a glucose molecule from UDP-glucose to a terminal branch of the glycogen molecule. Mutations in this gene cause glycogen storage disease type 0 (GSD-0) - a rare type of early childhood fasting hypoglycemia with decreased liver glycogen content. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009] |
| PLAU | plasminogen activator, urokinase|This gene encodes a serine protease involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix and possibly tumor cell migration and proliferation. A specific polymorphism in this gene may be associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease and also with decreased affinity for fibrin-binding. This protein converts plasminogen to plasmin by specific cleavage of an Arg-Val bond in plasminogen. Plasmin in turn cleaves this protein at a Lys-Ile bond to form a two-chain derivative in which a single disulfide bond connects the amino-terminal A-chain to the catalytically active, carboxy-terminal B-chain. This two-chain derivative is also called HMW-uPA (high molecular weight uPA). HMW-uPA can be further processed into LMW-uPA (low molecular weight uPA) by cleavage of chain A into a short chain A (A1) and an amino-terminal fragment. LMW-uPA is proteolytically active but does not bind to the uPA receptor. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| STT3B | STT3B, subunit of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex (catalytic)|The protein encoded by this gene is a catalytic subunit of a protein complex that transfers oligosaccharides onto asparagine residues. Defects in this gene are a cause of congenital disorder of glycosylation Ix (CDG1X). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014] |
| STT3A | STT3A, subunit of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex (catalytic)| |
| PLAT | plasminogen activator, tissue|This gene encodes tissue-type plasminogen activator, a secreted serine protease which converts the proenzyme plasminogen to plasmin, a fibrinolytic enzyme. Tissue-type plasminogen activator is synthesized as a single chain which is cleaved by plasmin to a two chain disulfide linked protein. This enzyme plays a role in cell migration and tissue remodeling. Increased enzymatic activity causes hyperfibrinolysis, which manifests as excessive bleeding; decreased activity leads to hypofibrinolysis which can result in thrombosis or embolism. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RFXAP | regulatory factor X-associated protein|Major histocompatibility (MHC) class II molecules are transmembrane proteins that have a central role in development and control of the immune system. The protein encoded by this gene, along with regulatory factor X-associated ankyrin-containing protein and regulatory factor-5, forms a complex that binds to the X box motif of certain MHC class II gene promoters and activates their transcription. Once bound to the promoter, this complex associates with the non-DNA-binding factor MHC class II transactivator, which controls the cell type specificity and inducibility of MHC class II gene expression. Mutations in this gene have been linked to bare lymphocyte syndrome type II, complementation group D. Transcript variants utilizing different polyA signals have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BHMT | betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase|This gene encodes a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of betaine and homocysteine to dimethylglycine and methionine, respectively. Defects in this gene could lead to hyperhomocyst(e)inemia, but such a defect has not yet been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ETV1 | ets variant 1|This gene encodes a member of the ETS (E twenty-six) family of transcription factors. The ETS proteins regulate many target genes that modulate biological processes like cell growth, angiogenesis, migration, proliferation and differentiation. All ETS proteins contain an ETS DNA-binding domain that binds to DNA sequences containing the consensus 5'-CGGA[AT]-3'. The protein encoded by this gene contains a conserved short acidic transactivation domain (TAD) in the N-terminal region, in addition to the ETS DNA-binding domain in the C-terminal region. This gene is involved in chromosomal translocations, which result in multiple fusion proteins including EWS-ETV1 in Erwing sarcoma and at least 10 ETV1 partners (see PMID: 19657377, Table 1) in prostate cancer. In addition to chromosomal rearrangement, this gene is overexpressed in prostate cancer, melanoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| ETV3 | ets variant 3| |
| ETV2 | ets variant 2| |
| ETV5 | ets variant 5| |
| ETV4 | ets variant 4| |
| ETV7 | ets variant 7|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ETS family of transcription factors, which is a large group of evolutionarily conserved transcriptional regulators that play an important role in a variety of cellular processes throughout development and differentiation, and are involved in oncogenesis as well. This protein is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic tissues. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene (PMID:11108721).[provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| ETV6 | ets variant 6|This gene encodes an ETS family transcription factor. The product of this gene contains two functional domains: a N-terminal pointed (PNT) domain that is involved in protein-protein interactions with itself and other proteins, and a C-terminal DNA-binding domain. Gene knockout studies in mice suggest that it is required for hematopoiesis and maintenance of the developing vascular network. This gene is known to be involved in a large number of chromosomal rearrangements associated with leukemia and congenital fibrosarcoma. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| SLC13A4 | solute carrier family 13 (sodium/sulfate symporter), member 4| |
| FAM8A1 | family with sequence similarity 8, member A1| |
| BTBD9 | BTB (POZ) domain containing 9|This locus encodes a BTB/POZ domain-containing protein. This domain is known to be involved in protein-protein interactions. Polymorphisms at this locus have been reported to be associated with susceptibility to Restless Legs Syndrome and may also be associated with Tourette Syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| BTBD8 | BTB (POZ) domain containing 8| |
| BTBD7 | BTB (POZ) domain containing 7| |
| BTBD6 | BTB (POZ) domain containing 6| |
| BTBD1 | BTB (POZ) domain containing 1|The C-terminus of the protein encoded by this gene binds topoisomerase I. The N-terminus contains a proline-rich region and a BTB/POZ domain (broad-complex, Tramtrack and bric a brac/Pox virus and Zinc finger), both of which are typically involved in protein-protein interactions. Subcellularly, the protein localizes to cytoplasmic bodies. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BTBD3 | BTB (POZ) domain containing 3| |
| BTBD2 | BTB (POZ) domain containing 2|The C-terminus of the protein encoded by this gene binds topoisomerase I. The N-terminus contains a proline-rich region and a BTB/POZ domain (broad-complex, Tramtrack and bric a brac/Pox virus and Zinc finger), both of which are typically involved in protein-protein interactions. Subcellularly, the protein localizes to cytoplasmic bodies. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CCDC68 | coiled-coil domain containing 68| |
| SULT1B1 | sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1B, member 1|Sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and xenobiotic compounds. These cytosolic enzymes are different in their tissue distributions and substrate specificities. The gene structure (number and length of exons) is similar among family members. However, the total genomic length of this gene is greater than that of other SULT1 genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TUBA8 | tubulin, alpha 8|This gene encodes a member of the alpha tubulin protein family. Alpha tubulins are one of two core protein families (alpha and beta tubulins) that heterodimerize and assemble to form microtubules. Mutations in this gene are associated with polymicrogyria and optic nerve hypoplasia. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| RAD23B | RAD23 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)|The protein encoded by this gene is one of two human homologs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad23, a protein involved in the nucleotide excision repair (NER). This protein was found to be a component of the protein complex that specifically complements the NER defect of xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XP-c) cell extracts in vitro. This protein was also shown to interact with, and elevate the nucleotide excision activity of 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylase (MPG), which suggested a role in DNA damage recognition in base excision repair. This protein contains an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain, which was reported to interact with 26S proteasome, and thus this protein may be involved in the ubiquitin mediated proteolytic pathway in cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| LUZP2 | leucine zipper protein 2|This gene encodes a leucine zipper protein. This protein is deleted in some patients with Wilms tumor-Aniridia-Genitourinary anomalies-mental Retardation (WAGR) syndrome. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| RAD23A | RAD23 homolog A (S. cerevisiae)|The protein encoded by this gene is one of two human homologs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad23, a protein involved in nucleotide excision repair. Proteins in this family have a modular domain structure consisting of an ubiquitin-like domain (UbL), ubiquitin-associated domain 1 (UbA1), XPC-binding domain and UbA2. The protein encoded by this gene plays an important role in nucleotide excision repair and also in delivery of polyubiquitinated proteins to the proteasome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] |
| SLC6A19 | solute carrier family 6 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 19|This gene encodes a system B(0) transmembrane protein that actively transports most neutral amino acids across the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Mutations in this gene result in Hartnup disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| NOM1 | nucleolar protein with MIF4G domain 1|Proteins that contain MIF4G (middle of eIF4G (MIM 600495)) and/or MA3 domains, such as NOM1, function in protein translation. These domains include binding sites for members of the EIF4A family of ATP-dependent DEAD box RNA helicases (see EIF4A1; MIM 602641) (Simmons et al., 2005 [PubMed 15715967]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| IKZF5 | IKAROS family zinc finger 5 (Pegasus)|Members of the Ikaros (ZNFN1A1; MIM 603023) family of transcription factors, which includes Pegasus, are expressed in lymphocytes and are implicated in the control of lymphoid development.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002] |
| IKZF4 | IKAROS family zinc finger 4 (Eos)|Members of the Ikaros (ZNFN1A1; MIM 603023) family of transcription factors, which includes Eos, are expressed in lymphocytes and are implicated in the control of lymphoid development.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002] |
| IKZF1 | IKAROS family zinc finger 1 (Ikaros)|This gene encodes a transcription factor that belongs to the family of zinc-finger DNA-binding proteins associated with chromatin remodeling. The expression of this protein is restricted to the fetal and adult hemo-lymphopoietic system, and it functions as a regulator of lymphocyte differentiation. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. Most isoforms share a common C-terminal domain, which contains two zinc finger motifs that are required for hetero- or homo-dimerization, and for interactions with other proteins. The isoforms, however, differ in the number of N-terminal zinc finger motifs that bind DNA and in nuclear localization signal presence, resulting in members with and without DNA-binding properties. Only a few isoforms contain the requisite three or more N-terminal zinc motifs that confer high affinity binding to a specific core DNA sequence element in the promoters of target genes. The non-DNA-binding isoforms are largely found in the cytoplasm, and are thought to function as dominant-negative factors. Overexpression of some dominant-negative isoforms have been associated with B-cell malignancies, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). [provided by RefSeq, May 2014] |
| IKZF3 | IKAROS family zinc finger 3 (Aiolos)|This gene encodes a member of the Ikaros family of zinc-finger proteins. Three members of this protein family (Ikaros, Aiolos and Helios) are hematopoietic-specific transcription factors involved in the regulation of lymphocyte development. This gene product is a transcription factor that is important in the regulation of B lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation. Both Ikaros and Aiolos can participate in chromatin remodeling. Regulation of gene expression in B lymphocytes by Aiolos is complex as it appears to require the sequential formation of Ikaros homodimers, Ikaros/Aiolos heterodimers, and Aiolos homodimers. Several alternative transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described, as well as some non-protein coding variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| IKZF2 | IKAROS family zinc finger 2 (Helios)|This gene encodes a member of the Ikaros family of zinc-finger proteins. Three members of this protein family (Ikaros, Aiolos and Helios) are hematopoietic-specific transcription factors involved in the regulation of lymphocyte development. This protein forms homo- or hetero-dimers with other Ikaros family members, and is thought to function predominantly in early hematopoietic development. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, but the biological validity of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| C11orf71 | chromosome 11 open reading frame 71| |
| C11orf70 | chromosome 11 open reading frame 70| |
| C11orf73 | chromosome 11 open reading frame 73| |
| STON2 | stonin 2|This gene encodes a protein which is a membrane protein involved in regulating endocytotic complexes. The protein product is described as one of the clathrin-associated sorting proteins, adaptor molecules which ensure specific proteins are internalized. The encoded protein has also been shown to participate in synaptic vesicle recycling through interaction with synaptotagmin 1 required for neurotransmission. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012] |
| C11orf74 | chromosome 11 open reading frame 74|This gene encodes a protein that was identified as a cellular interacting partner of non-structural protein 10 of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The encoded protein may function as a negative regulator of transcription. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| IL4I1 | interleukin 4 induced 1|This gene encodes a protein with limited similarity to L-amino acid oxidase which contains the conserved amino acids thought to be involved in catalysis and binding of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor. The expression of this gene can be induced by interleukin 4 in B cells, however, expression of transcripts containing the first two exons of the upstream gene is found in other cell types. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012] |
| RCOR3 | REST corepressor 3| |
| SPATS1 | spermatogenesis associated, serine-rich 1| |
| NFIC | nuclear factor I/C (CCAAT-binding transcription factor)|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the CTF/NF-I family. These are dimeric DNA-binding proteins, and function as cellular transcription factors and as replication factors for adenovirus DNA replication. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| SPATS2 | spermatogenesis associated, serine-rich 2| |
| PLEKHG3 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family G (with RhoGef domain) member 3| |
| CST11 | cystatin 11|The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a variety of human fluids and secretions. The cystatin locus on chromosome 20 contains the majority of the type 2 cystatin genes and pseudogenes. This gene is located in the cystatin locus and encodes an epididymal-specific protein shown to have antimicrobial activity against E. coli. Alternative splicing yields two variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] |
| SLC13A2 | solute carrier family 13 (sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter), member 2| |
| SLC13A3 | solute carrier family 13 (sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter), member 3|Mammalian sodium-dicarboxylate cotransporters transport succinate and other Krebs cycle intermediates. They fall into 2 categories based on their substrate affinity: low affinity and high affinity. Both the low- and high-affinity transporters play an important role in the handling of citrate by the kidneys. The protein encoded by this gene represents the high-affinity form. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, although the full-length nature of some of them have not been characterized yet. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SRBD1 | S1 RNA binding domain 1| |
| SLC13A5 | solute carrier family 13 (sodium-dependent citrate transporter), member 5|This gene encodes a protein belonging to the solute carrier family 13 group of proteins. This family member is a sodium-dependent citrate cotransporter that may regulate metabolic processes. Mutations in this gene cause early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 25. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014] |
| PRDM1 | PR domain containing 1, with ZNF domain|This gene encodes a protein that acts as a repressor of beta-interferon gene expression. The protein binds specifically to the PRDI (positive regulatory domain I element) of the beta-IFN gene promoter. Transcription of this gene increases upon virus induction. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TCEAL3 | transcription elongation factor A (SII)-like 3|This gene encodes a member of the transcription elongation factor A (SII)-like (TCEAL) gene family. Members of this family contain TFA domains and may function as nuclear phosphoproteins that modulate transcription in a promoter context-dependent manner. Multiple family members are located on the X chromosome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding a single isoform. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TCEAL2 | transcription elongation factor A (SII)-like 2|This gene encodes a member of the transcription elongation factor A (SII)-like (TCEAL) gene family. Members of this family contain TFA domains and may function as nuclear phosphoproteins that modulate transcription in a promoter context-dependent manner. Multiple family members are located on the X chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| TCEAL1 | transcription elongation factor A (SII)-like 1|This gene encodes a member of the transcription elongation factor A (SII)-like (TCEAL) gene family. Members of this family may function as nuclear phosphoproteins that modulate transcription in a promoter context-dependent manner. The encoded protein is similar to transcription elongation factor A/transcription factor SII and contains a zinc finger-like motif as well as a sequence related to the transcription factor SII Pol II-binding region. It may exert its effects via protein-protein interactions with other transcriptional regulators rather than via direct binding of DNA. Multiple family members are located on the X chromosome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding a single isoform. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PLEKHG1 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family G (with RhoGef domain) member 1| |
| TCEAL7 | transcription elongation factor A (SII)-like 7| |
| TCEAL6 | transcription elongation factor A (SII)-like 6| |
| TCEAL5 | transcription elongation factor A (SII)-like 5|This gene, which is located on the X chromosome, encodes a protein which contains a BEX (brain expressed X-liked like family) domain. This domain is found in proteins encoded by the TCEAL elongation factor (transcription elongation factor A (SII)-like) gene family also located on the X chromosome. The coding region for this gene is located entirely in the terminal exon. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| TCEAL4 | transcription elongation factor A (SII)-like 4|This gene encodes a member of the transcription elongation factor A (SII)-like (TCEAL) gene family. This family is comprised of nuclear phosphoproteins that modulate transcription in a promoter context-dependent manner. Multiple family members are located on the X chromosome. Alternatively splicing results in multiple transcript variants. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 13. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015] |
| TCEAL8 | transcription elongation factor A (SII)-like 8|This gene encodes a member of the transcription elongation factor A (SII)-like (TCEAL) gene family. Members of this family contain TFA domains and may function as nuclear phosphoproteins that modulate transcription in a promoter context-dependent manner. Multiple family members are located on the X chromosome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding a single isoform. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RGS16 | regulator of G-protein signaling 16|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the 'regulator of G protein signaling' family. It inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits. It also may play a role in regulating the kinetics of signaling in the phototransduction cascade. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RGS17 | regulator of G-protein signaling 17|This gene encodes a member of the regulator of G-protein signaling family. This protein contains a conserved, 120 amino acid motif called the RGS domain and a cysteine-rich region. The protein attenuates the signaling activity of G-proteins by binding to activated, GTP-bound G alpha subunits and acting as a GTPase activating protein (GAP), increasing the rate of conversion of the GTP to GDP. This hydrolysis allows the G alpha subunits to bind G beta/gamma subunit heterodimers, forming inactive G-protein heterotrimers, thereby terminating the signal. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RGS14 | regulator of G-protein signaling 14|This gene encodes a member of the regulator of G-protein signaling family. This protein contains one RGS domain, two Raf-like Ras-binding domains (RBDs), and one GoLoco domain. The protein attenuates the signaling activity of G-proteins by binding, through its GoLoco domain, to specific types of activated, GTP-bound G alpha subunits. Acting as a GTPase activating protein (GAP), the protein increases the rate of conversion of the GTP to GDP. This hydrolysis allows the G alpha subunits to bind G beta/gamma subunit heterodimers, forming inactive G-protein heterotrimers, thereby terminating the signal. Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene have been observed but have not been thoroughly characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IFNA8 | interferon, alpha 8| |
| FAAH | fatty acid amide hydrolase|This gene encodes a protein that is responsible for the hydrolysis of a number of primary and secondary fatty acid amides, including the neuromodulatory compounds anandamide and oleamide. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RGS13 | regulator of G-protein signaling 13|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) family. RGS family members share similarity with S. cerevisiae SST2 and C. elegans egl-10 proteins, which contain a characteristic conserved RGS domain. RGS proteins accelerate GTPase activity of G protein alpha-subunits, thereby driving G protein into their inactive GDP-bound form, thus negatively regulating G protein signaling. RGS proteins have been implicated in the fine tuning of a variety of cellular events in response to G protein-coupled receptor activation. The biological function of this gene, however, is unknown. Two transcript variants encoding the same isoform exist. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RGS10 | regulator of G-protein signaling 10|Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) family members are regulatory molecules that act as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) for G alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. RGS proteins are able to deactivate G protein subunits of the Gi alpha, Go alpha and Gq alpha subtypes. They drive G proteins into their inactive GDP-bound forms. Regulator of G protein signaling 10 belongs to this family. All RGS proteins share a conserved 120-amino acid sequence termed the RGS domain. This protein associates specifically with the activated forms of the two related G-protein subunits, G-alphai3 and G-alphaz but fails to interact with the structurally and functionally distinct G-alpha subunits. Regulator of G protein signaling 10 protein is localized in the nucleus. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PSPH | phosphoserine phosphatase|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a subfamily of the phosphotransferases. This encoded enzyme is responsible for the third and last step in L-serine formation. It catalyzes magnesium-dependent hydrolysis of L-phosphoserine and is also involved in an exchange reaction between L-serine and L-phosphoserine. Deficiency of this protein is thought to be linked to Williams syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| IFNA2 | interferon, alpha 2|This gene is a member of the alpha interferon gene cluster on chromosome 9. The encoded protein is a cytokine produced in response to viral infection. Use of the recombinant form of this protein has been shown to be effective in reducing the symptoms and duration of the common cold. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011] |
| IFNA1 | interferon, alpha 1|The protein encoded by this gene is produced by macrophages and has antiviral activity. This gene is intronless and the encoded protein is secreted. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| IFNA7 | interferon, alpha 7| |
| IFNA6 | interferon, alpha 6| |
| IFNA5 | interferon, alpha 5| |
| IFNA4 | interferon, alpha 4| |
| KDR | kinase insert domain receptor|Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major growth factor for endothelial cells. This gene encodes one of the two receptors of the VEGF. This receptor, known as kinase insert domain receptor, is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase. It functions as the main mediator of VEGF-induced endothelial proliferation, survival, migration, tubular morphogenesis and sprouting. The signalling and trafficking of this receptor are regulated by multiple factors, including Rab GTPase, P2Y purine nucleotide receptor, integrin alphaVbeta3, T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase, etc.. Mutations of this gene are implicated in infantile capillary hemangiomas. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009] |
| PHF20L1 | PHD finger protein 20-like 1| |
| TIMM23 | translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23 homolog (yeast)|The protein encoded by this gene is part of a complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that mediates the transport of transit peptide-containing proteins across the membrane. Multiple transcript variants, one protein-coding and others not protein-coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] |
| TIMM22 | translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 22 homolog (yeast)| |
| TIMM21 | translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 21 homolog (yeast)| |
| PTH1R | parathyroid hormone 1 receptor|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor family 2. This protein is a receptor for parathyroid hormone (PTH) and for parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase and also a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Defects in this receptor are known to be the cause of Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (JMC), chondrodysplasia Blomstrand type (BOCD), as well as enchodromatosis. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010] |
| UTP6 | UTP6, small subunit (SSU) processome component, homolog (yeast)| |
| HMX3 | H6 family homeobox 3| |
| HMX2 | H6 family homeobox 2|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the NKL homeobox family of transcription factors. Members in this family are of ancient origin and play an important role in organ development during embryogenesis. A related mouse protein plays a role in patterning of inner ear structures. In humans, variations in a region containing this gene have been associated with inner ear malformations, vestibular dysfunction, and hearing loss. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| UTP3 | UTP3, small subunit (SSU) processome component, homolog (S. cerevisiae)| |
| RPS27 | ribosomal protein S27|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S27E family of ribosomal proteins. It contains a C4-type zinc finger domain that can bind to zinc. The encoded protein has been shown to be able to bind to nucleic acid. It is located in the cytoplasm as a ribosomal component, but it has also been detected in the nucleus. Studies in rat indicate that ribosomal protein S27 is located near ribosomal protein S18 in the 40S subunit and is covalently linked to translation initiation factor eIF3. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CLEC16A | C-type lectin domain family 16, member A|This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin domain containing family. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in introns of this gene have been associated with diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| VCAN | versican|This gene is a member of the aggrecan/versican proteoglycan family. The protein encoded is a large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and is a major component of the extracellular matrix. This protein is involved in cell adhesion, proliferation, proliferation, migration and angiogenesis and plays a central role in tissue morphogenesis and maintenance. Mutations in this gene are the cause of Wagner syndrome type 1. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009] |
| RSG1 | REM2 and RAB-like small GTPase 1| |
| SLC33A1 | solute carrier family 33 (acetyl-CoA transporter), member 1|The protein encoded by this gene is required for the formation of O-acetylated (Ac) gangliosides. The encoded protein is predicted to contain 6 to 10 transmembrane domains, and a leucine zipper motif in transmembrane domain III. Defects in this gene have been reported to cause spastic paraplegia autosomal dominant type 42 (SPG42) in one Chinese family, but not in similar patients of European descent. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010] |
| CBX8 | chromobox homolog 8| |
| RPS25 | ribosomal protein S25|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S25E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| STRA13 | stimulated by retinoic acid 13| |
| VANGL1 | VANGL planar cell polarity protein 1|This gene encodes a member of the tretraspanin family. The encoded protein may be involved in mediating intestinal trefoil factor induced wound healing in the intestinal mucosa. Mutations in this gene are associated with neural tube defects. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010] |
| CACYBP | calcyclin binding protein|The protein encoded by this gene is a calcyclin binding protein. It may be involved in calcium-dependent ubiquitination and subsequent proteosomal degradation of target proteins. It probably serves as a molecular bridge in ubiquitin E3 complexes and participates in the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of beta-catenin. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| BTN2A2 | butyrophilin, subfamily 2, member A2|Butyrophilin is the major protein associated with fat droplets in the milk. This gene is a member of the BTN2 subfamily of genes, which encode proteins belonging to the butyrophilin protein family. The gene is located in a cluster on chromosome 6, consisting of seven genes belonging to the expanding B7/butyrophilin-like group, a subset of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily. The encoded protein is a type I receptor glycoprotein involved in lipid, fatty-acid and sterol metabolism. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] |
| ELF3 | E74-like factor 3 (ets domain transcription factor, epithelial-specific )| |
| ELF2 | E74-like factor 2 (ets domain transcription factor)| |
| ELF5 | E74-like factor 5 (ets domain transcription factor)|The protein encoded by this gene is a member of an epithelium-specific subclass of the Ets transcritpion factor family. In addition to its role in regulating the later stages of terminal differentiation of keratinocytes, it appears to regulate a number of epithelium-specific genes found in tissues containing glandular epithelium such as salivary gland and prostate. It has very low affinity to DNA due to its negative regulatory domain at the amino terminus. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011] |
| ELF4 | E74-like factor 4 (ets domain transcription factor)|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional activator that binds and activates the promoters of the CSF2, IL3, IL8, and PRF1 genes. The encoded protein is involved in natural killer cell development and function, innate immunity, and induction of cell cycle arrest in naive CD8+ cells. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010] |
| MRPL21 | mitochondrial ribosomal protein L21|Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms were identified through sequence analysis although some may be subject to nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| PRPS2 | phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 2|This gene encodes a phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase that plays a central role in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines. The encoded protein catalyzes the synthesis of 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate from ATP and D-ribose 5-phosphate. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| KIAA1875 | KIAA1875|The function and protein-coding potential of this gene is unknown. The exon combination is based on AB058778.1 for which two possible open reading frames can be predicted (with start codons at nucleotide 26 or 2614). The position of the first ORF stop codon is consistent with a prediction of nonsense-mediated decay. Given the observation of the first ORF and its length, a predicted translation of the second ORF is inconsistent with the translation leaky scanning theory. Therefore, this gene is represented as a non-protein-coding transcript. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] |
| CAND1 | cullin-associated and neddylation-dissociated 1| |
| PRPS1 | phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1|This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the phosphoribosylation of ribose 5-phosphate to 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate, which is necessary for purine metabolism and nucleotide biosynthesis. Defects in this gene are a cause of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease X-linked recessive type 5 and Arts Syndrome. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011] |
| SMPDL3B | sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, acid-like 3B| |
| RPS21 | ribosomal protein S21|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S21E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. Alternative splice variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described, but their existence has not been verified. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| MOCOS | molybdenum cofactor sulfurase|MOCOS sulfurates the molybdenum cofactor of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH; MIM 607633) and aldehyde oxidase (AOX1; MIM 602841), which is required for their enzymatic activities (Ichida et al., 2001 [PubMed 11302742]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2010] |
| BRPF3 | bromodomain and PHD finger containing, 3| |
| BRPF1 | bromodomain and PHD finger containing, 1|The protein encoded by this gene is expressed ubiquitously and at the highest level in testes and spermatogonia. The protein is localized within nuclei, and it is very similar in structure to two zinc finger proteins, AF10 and AF17. It is suggested that these proteins form a family of regulatory proteins. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| RBM12B-AS1 | RBM12B antisense RNA 1| |
| TTLL10 | tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family member 10| |
| TTLL12 | tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family member 12| |
| LDHD | lactate dehydrogenase D|The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. The similar protein in yeast has both D-lactate and D-glycerate dehydrogenase activities. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| GMPR2 | guanosine monophosphate reductase 2| |
| LDHA | lactate dehydrogenase A|The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the conversion of L-lactate and NAD to pyruvate and NADH in the final step of anaerobic glycolysis. The protein is found predominantly in muscle tissue and belongs to the lactate dehydrogenase family. Mutations in this gene have been linked to exertional myoglobinuria. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. The human genome contains several non-transcribed pseudogenes of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008] |
| LDHB | lactate dehydrogenase B|This gene encodes an enzyme which catalyzes the reversible conversion of lactate and pyruvate, and NAD and NADH, in the glycolytic pathway. Mutations in this gene are associated with lactate dehydrogenase B deficiency. Pseudogenes have been identified on the X chromosome and on chromosome. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| LDHC | lactate dehydrogenase C|Lactate dehydrogenase C catalyzes the conversion of L-lactate and NAD to pyruvate and NADH in the final step of anaerobic glycolysis. LDHC is testis-specific and belongs to the lactate dehydrogenase family. Two transcript variants have been detected which differ in the 5' untranslated region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| ADAMTSL2 | ADAMTS-like 2|This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) and ADAMTS-like protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The protein encoded by this gene lacks the protease domain, and is therefore of a member of the the ADAMTS-like protein subfamily. It is a secreted glycoprotein that binds the cell surface and extracellular matrix; it also interacts with latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 1. Mutations in this gene have been associated with geleophysic dysplasia. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009] |
| ERVW-1 | endogenous retrovirus group W, member 1|Many different human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) families are expressed in normal placental tissue at high levels, suggesting that HERVs are functionally important in reproduction. This gene is part of an HERV provirus on chromosome 7 that has inactivating mutations in the gag and pol genes. This gene is the envelope glycoprotein gene which appears to have been selectively preserved. The gene's protein product is expressed in the placental syncytiotrophoblast and is involved in fusion of the cytotrophoblast cells to form the syncytial layer of the placenta. The protein has the characteristics of a typical retroviral envelope protein, including a furin cleavage site that separates the surface (SU) and transmembrane (TM) proteins which form a heterodimer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010] |
| ODF2L | outer dense fiber of sperm tails 2-like| |
| ACAP1 | ArfGAP with coiled-coil, ankyrin repeat and PH domains 1| |
| ACAP2 | ArfGAP with coiled-coil, ankyrin repeat and PH domains 2| |
| ACAP3 | ArfGAP with coiled-coil, ankyrin repeat and PH domains 3| |
| C1orf198 | chromosome 1 open reading frame 198| |
| OR10J1 | olfactory receptor, family 10, subfamily J, member 1|Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| CFL1 | cofilin 1 (non-muscle)|The protein encoded by this gene can polymerize and depolymerize F-actin and G-actin in a pH-dependent manner. Increased phosphorylation of this protein by LIM kinase aids in Rho-induced reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Cofilin is a widely distributed intracellular actin-modulating protein that binds and depolymerizes filamentous F-actin and inhibits the polymerization of monomeric G-actin in a pH-dependent manner. It is involved in the translocation of actin-cofilin complex from cytoplasm to nucleus.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004] |
| DNM1L | dynamin 1-like|This gene encodes a member of the dynamin superfamily of GTPases. The encoded protein mediates mitochondrial and peroxisomal division, and is involved in developmentally regulated apoptosis and programmed necrosis. Dysfunction of this gene is implicated in several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Mutations in this gene are associated with the autosomal dominant disorder, encephalopathy, lethal, due to defective mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission (EMPF). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
| PLAA | phospholipase A2-activating protein| |
| RPS29 | ribosomal protein S29|Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit and a member of the S14P family of ribosomal proteins. The protein, which contains a C2-C2 zinc finger-like domain that can bind to zinc, can enhance the tumor suppressor activity of Ras-related protein 1A (KREV1). It is located in the cytoplasm. Variable expression of this gene in colorectal cancers compared to adjacent normal tissues has been observed, although no correlation between the level of expression and the severity of the disease has been found. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013] |
| BCL6B | B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6, member B| |
| PLEKHG2 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family G (with RhoGef domain) member 2| |
| NFIB | nuclear factor I/B| |
| NFIA | nuclear factor I/A|This gene encodes a member of the NF1 (nuclear factor 1) family of transcription factors. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| SIGLEC7 | sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 7| |
| PLEKHG6 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family G (with RhoGef domain) member 6| |
| PLEKHG4 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family G (with RhoGef domain) member 4|The protein encoded by this gene can function as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) and may play a role in intracellular signaling and cytoskeleton dynamics at the Golgi apparatus. Polymorphisms in the region of this gene have been found to be associated with spinocerebellar ataxia in some study populations. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015] |
| PLEKHG5 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family G (with RhoGef domain) member 5|This gene encodes a protein that activates the nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB1) signaling pathway. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive distal spinal muscular atrophy. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012] |
| SLC7A14 | solute carrier family 7, member 14|This gene is predicted to encode a glycosylated, cationic amino acid transporter protein with 14 transmembrane domains. This gene is primarily expressed in skin fibroblasts, neural tissue, and primary endothelial cells and its protein is predicted to mediate lysosomal uptake of cationic amino acids. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. In mice, this gene is expressed in the photoreceptor layer of the retina where its expression increases over the course of retinal development and persists in the mature retina. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] |
| SELE | selectin E|The protein encoded by this gene is found in cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells and is thought to be responsible for the accumulation of blood leukocytes at sites of inflammation by mediating the adhesion of cells to the vascular lining. It exhibits structural features such as the presence of lectin- and EGF-like domains followed by short consensus repeat (SCR) domains that contain 6 conserved cysteine residues. These proteins are part of the selectin family of cell adhesion molecules. Adhesion molecules participate in the interaction between leukocytes and the endothelium and appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| SLC7A10 | solute carrier family 7 (neutral amino acid transporter light chain, asc system), member 10|SLC7A10, in association with 4F2HC (SLC3A2; MIM 158070), mediates high-affinity transport of D-serine and several other neutral amino acids (Nakauchi et al., 2000 [PubMed 10863037]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| SLC7A11 | solute carrier family 7 (anionic amino acid transporter light chain, xc- system), member 11|This gene encodes a member of a heteromeric, sodium-independent, anionic amino acid transport system that is highly specific for cysteine and glutamate. In this system, designated Xc(-), the anionic form of cysteine is transported in exchange for glutamate. This protein has been identified as the predominant mediator of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus fusion and entry permissiveness into cells. Also, increased expression of this gene in primary gliomas (compared to normal brain tissue) was associated with increased glutamate secretion via the XCT channels, resulting in neuronal cell death. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| CLIP1 | CAP-GLY domain containing linker protein 1|The protein encoded by this gene links endocytic vesicles to microtubules. This gene is highly expressed in Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin disease. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] |
| NPY5R | neuropeptide Y receptor Y5| |
| GNGT2 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma transducing activity polypeptide 2|Phototransduction in rod and cone photoreceptors is regulated by groups of signaling proteins. The encoded protein is thought to play a crucial role in cone phototransduction. It belongs to the G protein gamma family and localized specifically in cones. Several transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] |
| GNGT1 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma transducing activity polypeptide 1|Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) transduce extracellular signals received by transmembrane receptors to effector proteins. Transducin is a guanine nucleotide-binding protein found specifically in rod outer segments, where it mediates activation by rhodopsin of a cyclic GTP-specific (guanosine monophosphate) phosphodiesterase. Transducin is also referred to as GMPase. GNGT1 encodes the gamma subunit of transducin (Hurley et al., 1984 [PubMed 6438626]; Scherer et al., 1996 [PubMed 8661128]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008] |
| PTRF | polymerase I and transcript release factor|This gene encodes a protein that enables the dissociation of paused ternary polymerase I transcription complexes from the 3' end of pre-rRNA transcripts. This protein regulates rRNA transcription by promoting the dissociation of transcription complexes and the reinitiation of polymerase I on nascent rRNA transcripts. This protein also localizes to caveolae at the plasma membrane and is thought to play a critical role in the formation of caveolae and the stabilization of caveolins. This protein translocates from caveolae to the cytoplasm after insulin stimulation. Caveolae contain truncated forms of this protein and may be the site of phosphorylation-dependent proteolysis. This protein is also thought to modify lipid metabolism and insulin-regulated gene expression. Mutations in this gene result in a disorder characterized by generalized lipodystrophy and muscular dystrophy. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| SERPINH1 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade H (heat shock protein 47), member 1, (collagen binding protein 1)|This gene encodes a member of the serpin superfamily of serine proteinase inhibitors. The encoded protein is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and plays a role in collagen biosynthesis as a collagen-specific molecular chaperone. Autoantibodies to the encoded protein have been found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Expression of this gene may be a marker for cancer, and nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with preterm birth caused by preterm premature rupture of membranes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 9. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011] |
| NFIX | nuclear factor I/X (CCAAT-binding transcription factor)|The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that binds the palindromic sequence 5'-TTGGCNNNNNGCCAA-3 in viral and cellular promoters. The encoded protein can also stimulate adenovirus replication in vitro. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012] |
| SELP | selectin P (granule membrane protein 140kDa, antigen CD62)|This gene encodes a 140 kDa protein that is stored in the alpha-granules of platelets and Weibel-Palade bodies of endothelial cells. This protein redistributes to the plasma membrane during platelet activation and degranulation and mediates the interaction of activated endothelial cells or platelets with leukocytes. The membrane protein is a calcium-dependent receptor that binds to sialylated forms of Lewis blood group carbohydrate antigens on neutrophils and monocytes. Alternative splice variants may occur but are not well documented. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
