2709 sets of proteins participating in pathways from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset.
| Gene Set |
Description |
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2-LTR circle formation
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3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency
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An amino acid metabolic disorder that has_material_basis_in mutations in the MCCC1 and MCCC2 genes causing inadequate levels of the enzyme 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase that helps break down proteins containing the amino acid leucine. This disease has_symptom muscular hypotonia (weak muscle tone), has_symptom muscular atrophy, has_symptom feeding difficulties, has_symptom recurrent episodes of vomiting and diarrhea, and has_symptom lethargy.
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3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase deficiency
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3-methylglutaconic aciduria
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5-Phosphoribose 1-diphosphate biosynthesis
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A tetrasaccharide linker sequence is required for GAG synthesis
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ABC transporter disorders
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ABC transporters in lipid homeostasis
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ABC-family proteins mediated transport
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ABO blood group biosynthesis
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ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production
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ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1
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ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12
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AKT phosphorylates targets in the cytosol
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AKT phosphorylates targets in the nucleus
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AKT-mediated inactivation of FOXO1A
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ALK mutants bind TKIs
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ALKBH2 mediated reversal of alkylation damage
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ALKBH3 mediated reversal of alkylation damage
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AMPK inhibits chREBP transcriptional activation activity
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APC truncation mutants are not K63 polyubiquitinated
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APC truncation mutants have impaired AXIN binding
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APC-Cdc20 mediated degradation of Nek2A
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APC/C-mediated degradation of cell cycle proteins
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APC/C:Cdc20 mediated degradation of Cyclin B
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APC/C:Cdc20 mediated degradation of Securin
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APC/C:Cdc20 mediated degradation of mitotic proteins
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APC/C:Cdh1 mediated degradation of Cdc20 and other APC/C:Cdh1 targeted proteins in late mitosis/early G1
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APC:Cdc20 mediated degradation of cell cycle proteins prior to satisfation of the cell cycle checkpoint
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APEX1-Independent Resolution of AP Sites via the Single Nucleotide Replacement Pathway
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APOBEC3G mediated resistance to HIV-1 infection
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ARL13B-mediated ciliary trafficking of INPP5E
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ARMS-mediated activation
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ASP-3026-resistant ALK mutants
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ATF4 activates genes in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
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ATF6 (ATF6-alpha) activates chaperone genes
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ATF6 (ATF6-alpha) activates chaperones
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ATF6B (ATF6-beta) activates chaperones
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ATP sensitive Potassium channels
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AUF1 (hnRNP D0) binds and destabilizes mRNA
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AURKA Activation by TPX2
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AXIN missense mutants destabilize the destruction complex
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Abacavir ADME
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Abacavir metabolism
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Abacavir transmembrane transport
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Abasic sugar-phosphate removal via the single-nucleotide replacement pathway
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Aberrant regulation of mitotic G1/S transition in cancer due to RB1 defects
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Aberrant regulation of mitotic cell cycle due to RB1 defects
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Aberrant regulation of mitotic exit in cancer due to RB1 defects
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Abnormal conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to 2-hydroxyglutarate
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Abortive elongation of HIV-1 transcript in the absence of Tat
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Acetylation
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Acetylcholine Neurotransmitter Release Cycle
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Acetylcholine binding and downstream events
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Acetylcholine inhibits contraction of outer hair cells
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Acetylcholine regulates insulin secretion
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Acrosome Reaction and Sperm:Oocyte Membrane Binding
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Activated NOTCH1 Transmits Signal to the Nucleus
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Activated NTRK2 signals through CDK5
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Activated NTRK2 signals through FRS2 and FRS3
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Activated NTRK2 signals through FYN
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Activated NTRK2 signals through PI3K
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Activated NTRK2 signals through PLCG1
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Activated NTRK2 signals through RAS
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Activated NTRK3 signals through PI3K
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Activated NTRK3 signals through PLCG1
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Activated NTRK3 signals through RAS
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Activated PKN1 stimulates transcription of AR (androgen receptor) regulated genes KLK2 and KLK3
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Activated point mutants of FGFR2
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Activation and oligomerization of BAK protein
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Activation of AKT2
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Activation of AMPA receptors
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Activation of AMPK downstream of NMDARs
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Activation of APC/C and APC/C:Cdc20 mediated degradation of mitotic proteins
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Activation of ATR in response to replication stress
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Activation of BAD and translocation to mitochondria
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Activation of BH3-only proteins
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Activation of BIM and translocation to mitochondria
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Activation of BMF and translocation to mitochondria
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Activation of C3 and C5
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Activation of Ca-permeable Kainate Receptor
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Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels
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Activation of GABAB receptors
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Activation of HOX genes during differentiation
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Activation of IRF3, IRF7 mediated by TBK1, IKKε (IKBKE)
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Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinases
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Activation of NF-kappaB in B cells
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Activation of NIMA Kinases NEK9, NEK6, NEK7
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Activation of NMDA receptors and postsynaptic events
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Activation of NOXA and translocation to mitochondria
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Activation of Na-permeable kainate receptors
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Activation of PPARGC1A (PGC-1alpha) by phosphorylation
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Activation of PUMA and translocation to mitochondria
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Activation of RAC1
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Activation of RAC1 downstream of NMDARs
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Activation of RAS in B cells
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Activation of SMO
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Activation of TRKA receptors
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Activation of anterior HOX genes in hindbrain development during early embryogenesis
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Activation of caspases through apoptosome-mediated cleavage
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Activation of gene expression by SREBF (SREBP)
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Activation of kainate receptors upon glutamate binding
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Activation of the AP-1 family of transcription factors
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Activation of the TFAP2 (AP-2) family of transcription factors
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Activation of the mRNA upon binding of the cap-binding complex and eIFs, and subsequent binding to 43S
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Activation of the phototransduction cascade
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Activation of the pre-replicative complex
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Activation, myristolyation of BID and translocation to mitochondria
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Activation, translocation and oligomerization of BAX
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Acyl chain remodeling of CL
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Acyl chain remodeling of DAG and TAG
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Acyl chain remodelling of PC
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Acyl chain remodelling of PE
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Acyl chain remodelling of PG
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Acyl chain remodelling of PI
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Acyl chain remodelling of PS
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Adaptive Immune System
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Adenosine P1 receptors
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Adenylate cyclase activating pathway
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Adenylate cyclase inhibitory pathway
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Adherens junctions interactions
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Adipogenesis
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Adrenaline signalling through Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor
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Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion
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Adrenoceptors
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Advanced glycosylation endproduct receptor signaling
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Aerobic respiration and respiratory electron transport
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Aflatoxin activation and detoxification
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Aggrephagy
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Selective degradation of protein aggregates by macroautophagy.
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Agmatine biosynthesis
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Alanine metabolism
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Alpha-defensins
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Alpha-oxidation of phytanate
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Alpha-protein kinase 1 signaling pathway
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Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT)
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Alternative complement activation
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Amine Oxidase reactions
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Amine ligand-binding receptors
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Amino Acid conjugation
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Amino acid transport across the plasma membrane
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Amino acids regulate mTORC1
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Amplification of signal from unattached kinetochores via a MAD2 inhibitory signal
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Amplification of signal from the kinetochores
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Amyloid fiber formation
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Anchoring fibril formation
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Anchoring of the basal body to the plasma membrane
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Androgen biosynthesis
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Antagonism of Activin by Follistatin
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Anti-inflammatory response favouring Leishmania parasite infection
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Antigen Presentation: Folding, assembly and peptide loading of class I MHC
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Antigen activates B Cell Receptor (BCR) leading to generation of second messengers
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Antigen processing-Cross presentation
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Antigen processing: Ubiquitination & Proteasome degradation
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Antimicrobial peptides
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Antiviral mechanism by IFN-stimulated genes
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Apoptosis
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Apoptosis induced DNA fragmentation
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Apoptotic cleavage of cell adhesion proteins
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Apoptotic cleavage of cellular proteins
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Apoptotic execution phase
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Apoptotic factor-mediated response
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Aquaporin-mediated transport
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Arachidonate metabolism
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Arachidonate production from DAG
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Aromatic amines can be N-hydroxylated or N-dealkylated by CYP1A2
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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling
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Asparagine N-linked glycosylation
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Aspartate and asparagine metabolism
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Aspirin ADME
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Assembly Of The HIV Virion
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Assembly and cell surface presentation of NMDA receptors
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Assembly and release of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) virions
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Assembly of Viral Components at the Budding Site
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Assembly of active LPL and LIPC lipase complexes
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Assembly of collagen fibrils and other multimeric structures
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Assembly of the ORC complex at the origin of replication
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Assembly of the pre-replicative complex
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Association of TriC/CCT with target proteins during biosynthesis
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Astrocytic Glutamate-Glutamine Uptake And Metabolism
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Asymmetric localization of PCP proteins
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Atorvastatin ADME
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Attachment and Entry_9678110
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Attachment and Entry_9694614
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Attachment of GPI anchor to uPAR
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Attenuation phase
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Autodegradation of Cdh1 by Cdh1:APC/C
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Autodegradation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1
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Autointegration results in viral DNA circles
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Autophagy
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The process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation.
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Axon guidance
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The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
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Axonal growth inhibition (RHOA activation)
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Axonal growth stimulation
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Azathioprine ADME
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B-WICH complex positively regulates rRNA expression
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BBSome-mediated cargo-targeting to cilium
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BCKDH synthesizes BCAA-CoA from KIC, KMVA, KIV
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BDNF activates NTRK2 (TRKB) signaling
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BH3-only proteins associate with and inactivate anti-apoptotic BCL-2 members
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BMAL1:CLOCK,NPAS2 activates circadian gene expression
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Bacterial Infection Pathways
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Base Excision Repair
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Base-Excision Repair, AP Site Formation
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The formation of an AP site, a deoxyribose sugar with a missing base, by DNA glycosylase which recognizes an altered base in DNA and catalyzes its hydrolytic removal. This sugar phosphate is the substrate recognized by the AP endonuclease, which cuts the DNA phosphodiester backbone at the 5' side of the altered site to leave a gap which is subsequently repaired.
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Basigin interactions
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Beta defensins
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Beta oxidation of butanoyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA
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Beta oxidation of decanoyl-CoA to octanoyl-CoA-CoA
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Beta oxidation of hexanoyl-CoA to butanoyl-CoA
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Beta oxidation of lauroyl-CoA to decanoyl-CoA-CoA
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Beta oxidation of myristoyl-CoA to lauroyl-CoA
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Beta oxidation of octanoyl-CoA to hexanoyl-CoA
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Beta oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA to myristoyl-CoA
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Beta-catenin independent WNT signaling
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Beta-catenin phosphorylation cascade
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Beta-ketothiolase deficiency
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OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN].
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Beta-oxidation of pristanoyl-CoA
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Beta-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids
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Bicarbonate transporters
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Bile acid and bile salt metabolism
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Binding and Uptake of Ligands by Scavenger Receptors
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Binding and entry of HIV virion
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Binding of TCF/LEF:CTNNB1 to target gene promoters
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Biogenic amines are oxidatively deaminated to aldehydes by MAOA and MAOB
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Biological oxidations
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Biosynthesis of A2E, implicated in retinal degradation
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Biosynthesis of D-series resolvins
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Biosynthesis of DHA-derived SPMs
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Biosynthesis of DHA-derived sulfido conjugates
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Biosynthesis of DPA-derived SPMs
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Biosynthesis of DPAn-3 SPMs
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Biosynthesis of DPAn-3-derived 13-series resolvins
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Biosynthesis of DPAn-3-derived maresins
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Biosynthesis of DPAn-3-derived protectins and resolvins
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Biosynthesis of DPAn-6 SPMs
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Biosynthesis of E-series 18(R)-resolvins
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Biosynthesis of E-series 18(S)-resolvins
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Biosynthesis of EPA-derived SPMs
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Biosynthesis of Lipoxins (LX)
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Biosynthesis of aspirin-triggered D-series resolvins
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Biosynthesis of electrophilic ω-3 PUFA oxo-derivatives
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Biosynthesis of maresin conjugates in tissue regeneration (MCTR)
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Biosynthesis of maresin-like SPMs
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Biosynthesis of maresins
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Biosynthesis of protectin and resolvin conjugates in tissue regeneration (PCTR and RCTR)
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Biosynthesis of protectins
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Biosynthesis of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs)
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Biosynthesis of the N-glycan precursor (dolichol lipid-linked oligosaccharide, LLO) and transfer to a nascent protein
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Biotin transport and metabolism
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Blockage of phagosome acidification
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Blood group systems biosynthesis
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Branched-chain amino acid catabolism
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Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase deficiency
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Breakdown of the nuclear lamina
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Budding
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Budding and maturation of HIV virion
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Butyrate Response Factor 1 (BRF1) binds and destabilizes mRNA
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Butyrophilin (BTN) family interactions
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C-type lectin receptors (CLRs)
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C6 deamination of adenosine
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CASP8 activity is inhibited
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CD163 mediating an anti-inflammatory response
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CD209 (DC-SIGN) signaling
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CD22 mediated BCR regulation
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CD28 co-stimulation
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CD28 dependent PI3K/Akt signaling
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CD28 dependent Vav1 pathway
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CDC42 GTPase cycle
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CDC6 association with the ORC:origin complex
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CDH11 homotypic and heterotypic interactions
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CDK-mediated phosphorylation and removal of Cdc6
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CHL1 interactions
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CLEC7A (Dectin-1) induces NFAT activation
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CLEC7A (Dectin-1) signaling
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CLEC7A/inflammasome pathway
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COPI-dependent Golgi-to-ER retrograde traffic
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COPI-independent Golgi-to-ER retrograde traffic
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COPI-mediated anterograde transport
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COPII-mediated vesicle transport
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COX reactions
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CREB phosphorylation
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CREB1 phosphorylation through NMDA receptor-mediated activation of RAS signaling
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CREB1 phosphorylation through the activation of Adenylate Cyclase
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CREB1 phosphorylation through the activation of CaMKII/CaMKK/CaMKIV cascasde
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CREB3 factors activate genes
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CRMPs in Sema3A signaling
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CS/DS degradation
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CTLA4 inhibitory signaling
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CTNNB1 S33 mutants aren't phosphorylated
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CTNNB1 S37 mutants aren't phosphorylated
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CTNNB1 S45 mutants aren't phosphorylated
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CTNNB1 T41 mutants aren't phosphorylated
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CYP2E1 reactions
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Ca-dependent events
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Ca2+ activated K+ channels
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Ca2+ pathway
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CaM pathway
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CaMK IV-mediated phosphorylation of CREB
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Calcineurin activates NFAT
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Calcitonin-like ligand receptors
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Calmodulin induced events
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Calnexin/calreticulin cycle
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Cam-PDE 1 activation
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Cap-dependent Translation Initiation
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Carboxyterminal post-translational modifications of tubulin
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Cardiac conduction
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Transfer of an organized electrical impulse across the heart to coordinate the contraction of cardiac muscles. The process begins with generation of an action potential (in the sinoatrial node (SA) in humans) and ends with a change in the rate, frequency, or extent of the contraction of the heart muscles.
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Cardiogenesis
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Cargo concentration in the ER
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Cargo recognition for clathrin-mediated endocytosis
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Cargo trafficking to the periciliary membrane
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Carnitine shuttle
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The transfer of acyl groups to and from acyl-CoA molecules to form O-acylcarnitine, which can exchange across the mitochondrial inner membrane with unacylated carnitine.
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Carnitine synthesis
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Caspase activation via Death Receptors in the presence of ligand
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Caspase activation via Dependence Receptors in the absence of ligand
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Caspase activation via extrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway
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Caspase-mediated cleavage of cytoskeletal proteins
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Catecholamine biosynthesis
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Cation-coupled Chloride cotransporters
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Cdc20:Phospho-APC/C mediated degradation of Cyclin A
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Cell Cycle
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The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.
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Cell Cycle Checkpoints
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Cell Cycle, Mitotic
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Cell death signalling via NRAGE, NRIF and NADE
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Cell junction organization
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A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell junction. A cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix.
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Cell recruitment (pro-inflammatory response)
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Cell surface interactions at the vascular wall
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Cell-Cell communication
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Cell-cell junction organization
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A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-cell junction. A cell-cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells.
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Cell-extracellular matrix interactions
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Cellular Senescence
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A cell aging process stimulated in response to cellular stress, whereby normal cells lose the ability to divide through irreversible cell cycle arrest.
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Cellular hexose transport
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Cellular response to chemical stress
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Cellular response to heat stress
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Cellular response to hypoxia
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Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
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Cellular response to mitochondrial stress
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Cellular response to starvation
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Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
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Cellular responses to mechanical stimuli
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Cellular responses to stimuli
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Cellular responses to stress
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Centrosome maturation
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Ceramide signalling
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ChREBP activates metabolic gene expression
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Chaperone Mediated Autophagy
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Chaperonin-mediated protein folding
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Chemokine receptors bind chemokines
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Chk1/Chk2(Cds1) mediated inactivation of Cyclin B:Cdk1 complex
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Cholesterol biosynthesis
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Cholesterol biosynthesis via desmosterol
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Cholesterol biosynthesis via lathosterol
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Choline catabolism
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Chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis
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Chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate metabolism
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Chromatin modifications during the maternal to zygotic transition (MZT)
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Chromatin modifying enzymes
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Chromatin organization
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Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic chromatin.
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Chromosome Maintenance
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Chylomicron assembly
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The aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids in the intestine to form a chylomicron.
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Chylomicron clearance
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Chylomicron remodeling
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The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a chylomicron, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.
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Cilium Assembly
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The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
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Ciprofloxacin ADME
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Circadian Clock
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|
Citric acid cycle (TCA cycle)
|
|
|
Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
|
|
|
Class B/2 (Secretin family receptors)
|
|
|
Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)
|
|
|
Class I MHC mediated antigen processing & presentation
|
|
|
Class I peroxisomal membrane protein import
|
|
|
Classical Kir channels
|
|
|
Classical antibody-mediated complement activation
|
|
|
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
|
An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into clathrin-coated pits, which then pinch off to form clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles.
|
|
Cleavage of the damaged purine
|
|
|
Cleavage of the damaged pyrimidine
|
|
|
Cobalamin (Cbl) metabolism
|
|
|
Cobalamin (Cbl, vitamin B12) transport and metabolism
|
|
|
Coenzyme A biosynthesis
|
|
|
Cohesin Loading onto Chromatin
|
|
|
Collagen biosynthesis and modifying enzymes
|
|
|
Collagen chain trimerization
|
|
|
Collagen degradation
|
|
|
Collagen formation
|
|
|
Common Pathway of Fibrin Clot Formation
|
|
|
Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) regulate PTEN translation
|
|
|
Complement cascade
|
|
|
Complex I biogenesis
|
|
|
Complex III assembly
|
|
|
Complex IV assembly
|
|
|
Condensation of Prometaphase Chromosomes
|
|
|
Condensation of Prophase Chromosomes
|
|
|
Conjugation of benzoate with glycine
|
|
|
Conjugation of carboxylic acids
|
|
|
Conjugation of phenylacetate with glutamine
|
|
|
Conjugation of salicylate with glycine
|
|
|
Constitutive Signaling by AKT1 E17K in Cancer
|
|
|
Constitutive Signaling by Aberrant PI3K in Cancer
|
|
|
Constitutive Signaling by EGFRvIII
|
|
|
Constitutive Signaling by Ligand-Responsive EGFR Cancer Variants
|
|
|
Constitutive Signaling by NOTCH1 HD Domain Mutants
|
|
|
Constitutive Signaling by NOTCH1 HD+PEST Domain Mutants
|
|
|
Constitutive Signaling by NOTCH1 PEST Domain Mutants
|
|
|
Constitutive Signaling by NOTCH1 t(7;9)(NOTCH1:M1580_K2555) Translocation Mutant
|
|
|
Constitutive Signaling by Overexpressed ERBB2
|
|
|
Conversion from APC/C:Cdc20 to APC/C:Cdh1 in late anaphase
|
|
|
Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding
|
|
|
Cooperation of Prefoldin and TriC/CCT in actin and tubulin folding
|
|
|
Costimulation by the CD28 family
|
|
|
Creatine metabolism
|
|
|
Creation of C4 and C2 activators
|
|
|
Cristae formation
|
The assembly of cristae, the inwards folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
|
|
Cross-presentation of particulate exogenous antigens (phagosomes)
|
|
|
Cross-presentation of soluble exogenous antigens (endosomes)
|
|
|
Crosslinking of collagen fibrils
|
|
|
Cyclin A/B1/B2 associated events during G2/M transition
|
|
|
Cyclin A:Cdk2-associated events at S phase entry
|
|
|
Cyclin D associated events in G1
|
|
|
Cyclin E associated events during G1/S transition
|
|
|
Cysteine formation from homocysteine
|
|
|
Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type
|
|
|
Cytochrome c-mediated apoptotic response
|
|
|
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system
|
|
|
Cytoprotection by HMOX1
|
|
|
Cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly
|
|
|
Cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated DNA
|
|
|
Cytosolic sulfonation of small molecules
|
|
|
Cytosolic tRNA aminoacylation
|
|
|
DAG and IP3 signaling
|
|
|
DAP12 interactions
|
|
|
DAP12 signaling
|
|
|
DARPP-32 events
|
|
|
DCC mediated attractive signaling
|
|
|
DDX58/IFIH1-mediated induction of interferon-alpha/beta
|
|
|
DEx/H-box helicases activate type I IFN and inflammatory cytokines production
|
|
|
DNA Damage Bypass
|
|
|
DNA Damage Recognition in GG-NER
|
|
|
DNA Damage Reversal
|
|
|
DNA Damage/Telomere Stress Induced Senescence
|
|
|
DNA Double Strand Break Response
|
|
|
DNA Double-Strand Break Repair
|
|
|
DNA Repair
|
The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.
|
|
DNA Replication
|
The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of DNA. DNA replication begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by initiation proteins, and ends when the original DNA molecule has been completely duplicated and the copies topologically separated. The unit of replication usually corresponds to the genome of the cell, an organelle, or a virus. The template for replication can either be an existing DNA molecule or RNA.
|
|
DNA Replication Pre-Initiation
|
|
|
DNA methylation
|
The covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine.
|
|
DNA replication initiation
|
The process in which DNA-dependent DNA replication is started; this involves the separation of a stretch of the DNA double helix, the recruitment of DNA polymerases and the initiation of polymerase action.
|
|
DNA strand elongation
|
The DNA metabolic process in which a DNA strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of an existing DNA stand.
|
|
DSCAM interactions
|
|
|
Dasatinib-resistant KIT mutants
|
|
|
Deactivation of the beta-catenin transactivating complex
|
|
|
Deadenylation of mRNA
|
|
|
Deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay
|
|
|
Death Receptor Signaling
|
|
|
Dectin-1 mediated noncanonical NF-kB signaling
|
|
|
Dectin-2 family
|
|
|
Defective ABCA1 causes TGD
|
|
|
Defective ABCA12 causes ARCI4B
|
|
|
Defective ABCA3 causes SMDP3_5683678
|
|
|
Defective ABCA3 causes SMDP3_5688399
|
|
|
Defective ABCB11 causes PFIC2 and BRIC2
|
|
|
Defective ABCB4 causes PFIC3, ICP3 and GBD1
|
|
|
Defective ABCB6 causes MCOPCB7
|
|
|
Defective ABCC2 causes DJS
|
|
|
Defective ABCC6 causes PXE
|
|
|
Defective ABCC8 can cause hypo- and hyper-glycemias
|
|
|
Defective ABCC9 causes CMD10, ATFB12 and Cantu syndrome
|
|
|
Defective ABCD1 causes ALD
|
|
|
Defective ABCD4 causes MAHCJ
|
|
|
Defective ABCG5 causes sitosterolemia
|
|
|
Defective ABCG8 causes GBD4 and sitosterolemia
|
|
|
Defective ACTH causes obesity and POMCD
|
|
|
Defective ACY1 causes encephalopathy
|
|
|
Defective ADA disrupts (deoxy)adenosine deamination
|
|
|
Defective AHCY causes HMAHCHD
|
|
|
Defective ALG1 causes CDG-1k
|
|
|
Defective ALG11 causes CDG-1p
|
|
|
Defective ALG12 causes CDG-1g
|
|
|
Defective ALG14 causes ALG14-CMS
|
|
|
Defective ALG2 causes CDG-1i
|
|
|
Defective ALG3 causes CDG-1d
|
|
|
Defective ALG6 causes CDG-1c
|
|
|
Defective ALG8 causes CDG-1h
|
|
|
Defective ALG9 causes CDG-1l
|
|
|
Defective AMN causes MGA1
|
|
|
Defective APRT disrupts adenine salvage
|
|
|
Defective AVP does not bind AVPR1A,B and causes neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (NDI)
|
|
|
Defective AVP does not bind AVPR2 and causes neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (NDI)
|
|
|
Defective B3GALT6 causes EDSP2 and SEMDJL1
|
|
|
Defective B3GALTL causes PpS
|
|
|
Defective B3GAT3 causes JDSSDHD
|
|
|
Defective B4GALT1 causes B4GALT1-CDG (CDG-2d)
|
|
|
Defective B4GALT1 causes CDG-2d
|
|
|
Defective B4GALT7 causes EDS, progeroid type
|
|
|
Defective BTD causes biotidinase deficiency
|
|
|
Defective Base Excision Repair Associated with MUTYH
|
|
|
Defective Base Excision Repair Associated with NEIL1
|
|
|
Defective Base Excision Repair Associated with NEIL3
|
|
|
Defective Base Excision Repair Associated with NTHL1
|
|
|
Defective Base Excision Repair Associated with OGG1
|
|
|
Defective C1GALT1C1 causes TNPS
|
|
|
Defective CBLIF causes IFD
|
|
|
Defective CD320 causes MMATC
|
|
|
Defective CFTR causes cystic fibrosis
|
|
|
Defective CHST14 causes EDS, musculocontractural type
|
|
|
Defective CHST3 causes SEDCJD
|
|
|
Defective CHST6 causes MCDC1
|
|
|
Defective CHSY1 causes TPBS
|
|
|
Defective CP causes aceruloplasminemia (ACERULOP)
|
|
|
Defective CSF2RA causes SMDP4
|
|
|
Defective CSF2RB causes SMDP5
|
|
|
Defective CUBN causes MGA1
|
|
|
Defective CYP11A1 causes AICSR
|
|
|
Defective CYP11B1 causes AH4
|
|
|
Defective CYP11B2 causes CMO-1 deficiency
|
|
|
Defective CYP17A1 causes AH5
|
|
|
Defective CYP19A1 causes AEXS
|
|
|
Defective CYP1B1 causes Glaucoma
|
|
|
Defective CYP21A2 causes AH3
|
|
|
Defective CYP24A1 causes HCAI
|
|
|
Defective CYP26B1 causes RHFCA
|
|
|
Defective CYP26C1 causes FFDD4
|
|
|
Defective CYP27A1 causes CTX
|
|
|
Defective CYP27B1 causes VDDR1A
|
|
|
Defective CYP27B1 causes VDDR1B
|
|
|
Defective CYP2U1 causes SPG56
|
|
|
Defective CYP4F22 causes ARCI5
|
|
|
Defective CYP7B1 causes SPG5A and CBAS3
|
|
|
Defective DHDDS causes RP59
|
|
|
Defective DNA double strand break response due to BARD1 loss of function
|
|
|
Defective DNA double strand break response due to BRCA1 loss of function
|
|
|
Defective DOLK causes DOLK-CDG
|
|
|
Defective DPAGT1 causes CDG-1j, CMSTA2
|
|
|
Defective DPM1 causes DPM1-CDG
|
|
|
Defective DPM2 causes DPM2-CDG
|
|
|
Defective DPM3 causes DPM3-CDG
|
|
|
Defective EXT1 causes exostoses 1, TRPS2 and CHDS
|
|
|
Defective EXT2 causes exostoses 2
|
|
|
Defective F8 accelerates dissociation of the A2 domain
|
|
|
Defective F8 binding to the cell membrane
|
|
|
Defective F8 binding to von Willebrand factor
|
|
|
Defective F8 cleavage by thrombin
|
|
|
Defective F8 secretion
|
|
|
Defective F8 sulfation at Y1699
|
|
|
Defective F9 activation
|
|
|
Defective F9 secretion
|
|
|
Defective F9 variant does not activate FX
|
|
|
Defective FMO3 causes TMAU
|
|
|
Defective GALE causes EDG
|
|
|
Defective GALK1 causes GALCT2
|
|
|
Defective GALNT12 causes CRCS1
|
|
|
Defective GALNT3 causes HFTC
|
|
|
Defective GALT can cause GALCT
|
|
|
Defective GCK causes maturity-onset diabetes of the young 2 (MODY2)
|
|
|
Defective GCLC causes HAGGSD
|
|
|
Defective GFPT1 causes CMSTA1
|
|
|
Defective GGT1 causes GLUTH
|
|
|
Defective GGT1 in aflatoxin detoxification causes GLUTH
|
|
|
Defective GNE causes sialuria, NK and IBM2
|
|
|
Defective GSS causes GSS deficiency
|
|
|
Defective HDR through Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) due to PALB2 loss of BRCA1 binding function
|
|
|
Defective HDR through Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) due to PALB2 loss of BRCA2/RAD51/RAD51C binding function
|
|
|
Defective HEXA causes GM2G1
|
|
|
Defective HEXB causes GM2G2
|
|
|
Defective HK1 causes hexokinase deficiency (HK deficiency)
|
|
|
Defective HLCS causes multiple carboxylase deficiency
|
|
|
Defective HPRT1 disrupts guanine and hypoxanthine salvage
|
|
|
Defective Inhibition of DNA Recombination at Telomere
|
|
|
Defective Inhibition of DNA Recombination at Telomere Due to ATRX Mutations
|
|
|
Defective Inhibition of DNA Recombination at Telomere Due to DAXX Mutations
|
|
|
Defective Intrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis
|
|
|
Defective Intrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis Due to p14ARF Loss of Function
|
|
|
Defective LARGE causes MDDGA6 and MDDGB6
|
|
|
Defective LFNG causes SCDO3
|
|
|
Defective MAN1B1 causes MRT15
|
|
|
Defective MAOA causes BRUNS
|
|
|
Defective MAT1A causes MATD
|
|
|
Defective MGAT2 causes CDG-2a
|
|
|
Defective MMAA causes MMA, cblA type
|
|
|
Defective MMAB causes MMA, cblB type
|
|
|
Defective MMACHC causes MAHCC
|
|
|
Defective MMADHC causes MMAHCD
|
|
|
Defective MOGS causes CDG-2b
|
|
|
Defective MPDU1 causes CDG-1f
|
|
|
Defective MPI causes MPI-CDG
|
|
|
Defective MTR causes HMAG
|
|
|
Defective MTRR causes HMAE
|
|
|
Defective MUT causes MMAM
|
|
|
Defective MUTYH substrate binding
|
|
|
Defective MUTYH substrate processing
|
|
|
Defective Mismatch Repair Associated With MLH1
|
|
|
Defective Mismatch Repair Associated With MSH2
|
|
|
Defective Mismatch Repair Associated With MSH3
|
|
|
Defective Mismatch Repair Associated With MSH6
|
|
|
Defective Mismatch Repair Associated With PMS2
|
|
|
Defective NEU1 causes sialidosis
|
|
|
Defective NTHL1 substrate binding
|
|
|
Defective NTHL1 substrate processing
|
|
|
Defective OGG1 Localization
|
|
|
Defective OGG1 Substrate Binding
|
|
|
Defective OGG1 Substrate Processing
|
|
|
Defective OPLAH causes OPLAHD
|
|
|
Defective PAPSS2 causes SEMD-PA
|
|
|
Defective PGM1 causes PGM1-CDG
|
|
|
Defective PMM2 causes PMM2-CDG
|
|
|
Defective PNP disrupts phosphorolysis of (deoxy)guanosine and (deoxy)inosine
|
|
|
Defective POMGNT1 causes MDDGA3, MDDGB3 and MDDGC3
|
|
|
Defective POMT1 causes MDDGA1, MDDGB1 and MDDGC1
|
|
|
Defective POMT2 causes MDDGA2, MDDGB2 and MDDGC2
|
|
|
Defective RFT1 causes CDG-1n
|
|
|
Defective RHAG causes regulator type Rh-null hemolytic anemia (RHN)
|
|
|
Defective RIPK1-mediated regulated necrosis
|
|
|
Defective SERPING1 causes hereditary angioedema
|
|
|
Defective SFTPA2 causes IPF
|
|
|
Defective SLC11A2 causes hypochromic microcytic anemia, with iron overload 1 (AHMIO1)
|
|
|
Defective SLC12A1 causes Bartter syndrome 1 (BS1)
|
|
|
Defective SLC12A3 causes Gitelman syndrome (GS)
|
|
|
Defective SLC12A6 causes agenesis of the corpus callosum, with peripheral neuropathy (ACCPN)
|
|
|
Defective SLC16A1 causes symptomatic deficiency in lactate transport (SDLT)
|
|
|
Defective SLC17A5 causes Salla disease (SD) and ISSD
|
|
|
Defective SLC17A8 causes autosomal dominant deafness 25 (DFNA25)
|
|
|
Defective SLC1A1 is implicated in schizophrenia 18 (SCZD18) and dicarboxylic aminoaciduria (DCBXA)
|
|
|
Defective SLC1A3 causes episodic ataxia 6 (EA6)
|
|
|
Defective SLC20A2 causes idiopathic basal ganglia calcification 1 (IBGC1)
|
|
|
Defective SLC22A12 causes renal hypouricemia 1 (RHUC1)
|
|
|
Defective SLC22A18 causes lung cancer (LNCR) and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma 1 (RMSE1)
|
|
|
Defective SLC22A5 causes systemic primary carnitine deficiency (CDSP)
|
|
|
Defective SLC24A1 causes congenital stationary night blindness 1D (CSNB1D)
|
|
|
Defective SLC24A4 causes hypomineralized amelogenesis imperfecta (AI)
|
|
|
Defective SLC24A5 causes oculocutaneous albinism 6 (OCA6)
|
|
|
Defective SLC26A2 causes chondrodysplasias
|
|
|
Defective SLC26A3 causes congenital secretory chloride diarrhea 1 (DIAR1)
|
|
|
Defective SLC26A4 causes Pendred syndrome (PDS)
|
|
|
Defective SLC27A4 causes ichthyosis prematurity syndrome (IPS)
|
|
|
Defective SLC29A3 causes histiocytosis-lymphadenopathy plus syndrome (HLAS)
|
|
|
Defective SLC2A1 causes GLUT1 deficiency syndrome 1 (GLUT1DS1)
|
|
|
Defective SLC2A10 causes arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS)
|
|
|
Defective SLC2A2 causes Fanconi-Bickel syndrome (FBS)
|
|
|
Defective SLC2A9 causes hypouricemia renal 2 (RHUC2)
|
|
|
Defective SLC33A1 causes spastic paraplegia 42 (SPG42)
|
|
|
Defective SLC34A1 causes hypophosphatemic nephrolithiasis/osteoporosis 1 (NPHLOP1)
|
|
|
Defective SLC34A2 causes PALM
|
|
|
Defective SLC34A2 causes pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PALM)
|
|
|
Defective SLC34A3 causes Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH)
|
|
|
Defective SLC35A1 causes congenital disorder of glycosylation 2F (CDG2F)_5619037
|
|
|
Defective SLC35A1 causes congenital disorder of glycosylation 2F (CDG2F)_5663020
|
|
|
Defective SLC35A2 causes congenital disorder of glycosylation 2M (CDG2M)
|
|
|
Defective SLC35A3 causes arthrogryposis, mental retardation, and seizures (AMRS)
|
|
|
Defective SLC35C1 causes congenital disorder of glycosylation 2C (CDG2C)
|
|
|
Defective SLC35D1 causes SCHBCKD
|
|
|
Defective SLC36A2 causes iminoglycinuria (IG) and hyperglycinuria (HG)
|
|
|
Defective SLC39A4 causes acrodermatitis enteropathica, zinc-deficiency type (AEZ)
|
|
|
Defective SLC3A1 causes cystinuria (CSNU)
|
|
|
Defective SLC40A1 causes hemochromatosis 4 (HFE4) (duodenum)
|
|
|
Defective SLC40A1 causes hemochromatosis 4 (HFE4) (macrophages)
|
|
|
Defective SLC4A1 causes hereditary spherocytosis type 4 (HSP4), distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) and dRTA with hemolytic anemia (dRTA-HA)
|
|
|
Defective SLC4A4 causes renal tubular acidosis, proximal, with ocular abnormalities and mental retardation (pRTA-OA)
|
|
|
Defective SLC5A1 causes congenital glucose/galactose malabsorption (GGM)
|
|
|
Defective SLC5A2 causes renal glucosuria (GLYS1)
|
|
|
Defective SLC5A5 causes thyroid dyshormonogenesis 1 (TDH1)
|
|
|
Defective SLC5A7 causes distal hereditary motor neuronopathy 7A (HMN7A)_5619114
|
|
|
Defective SLC5A7 causes distal hereditary motor neuronopathy 7A (HMN7A)_5658471
|
|
|
Defective SLC6A18 may confer susceptibility to iminoglycinuria and/or hyperglycinuria_5619079
|
|
|
Defective SLC6A18 may confer susceptibility to iminoglycinuria and/or hyperglycinuria_5659729
|
|
|
Defective SLC6A19 causes Hartnup disorder (HND)_5619044
|
|
|
Defective SLC6A19 causes Hartnup disorder (HND)_5659735
|
|
|
Defective SLC6A2 causes orthostatic intolerance (OI)
|
|
|
Defective SLC6A3 causes Parkinsonism-dystonia infantile (PKDYS)_5619081
|
|
|
Defective SLC6A3 causes Parkinsonism-dystonia infantile (PKDYS)_5660724
|
|
|
Defective SLC6A5 causes hyperekplexia 3 (HKPX3)
|
|
|
Defective SLC7A7 causes lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI)
|
|
|
Defective SLC7A9 causes cystinuria (CSNU)
|
|
|
Defective SLC9A6 causes X-linked, syndromic mental retardation,, Christianson type (MRXSCH)
|
|
|
Defective SLC9A9 causes autism 16 (AUTS16)
|
|
|
Defective SLCO1B1 causes hyperbilirubinemia, Rotor type (HBLRR)
|
|
|
Defective SLCO1B3 causes hyperbilirubinemia, Rotor type (HBLRR)
|
|
|
Defective SLCO2A1 causes primary, autosomal recessive hypertrophic osteoarthropathy 2 (PHOAR2)
|
|
|
Defective SRD5A3 causes SRD5A3-CDG, KHRZ
|
|
|
Defective ST3GAL3 causes MCT12 and EIEE15
|
|
|
Defective TBXAS1 causes GHDD
|
|
|
Defective TCN2 causes TCN2 deficiency
|
|
|
Defective TPMT causes TPMT deficiency
|
|
|
Defective TPR may confer susceptibility towards thyroid papillary carcinoma (TPC)
|
|
|
Defective UGT1A1 causes hyperbilirubinemia
|
|
|
Defective UGT1A4 causes hyperbilirubinemia
|
|
|
Defective VWF binding to collagen type I
|
|
|
Defective VWF cleavage by ADAMTS13 variant
|
|
|
Defective binding of RB1 mutants to E2F1,(E2F2, E2F3)
|
|
|
Defective binding of VWF variant to GPIb:IX:V
|
|
|
Defective cofactor function of FVIIIa variant
|
|
|
Defective factor IX causes hemophilia B
|
|
|
Defective factor IX causes thrombophilia
|
|
|
Defective factor VIII causes hemophilia A
|
|
|
Defective factor XII causes hereditary angioedema
|
|
|
Defective gamma-carboxylation of F9
|
|
|
Defective homologous recombination repair (HRR) due to BRCA1 loss of function
|
|
|
Defective homologous recombination repair (HRR) due to BRCA2 loss of function
|
|
|
Defective homologous recombination repair (HRR) due to PALB2 loss of function
|
|
|
Defective pro-SFTPB causes SMDP1 and RDS
|
|
|
Defective pro-SFTPC causes SMDP2 and RDS
|
|
|
Defective pyroptosis
|
|
|
Defective regulation of TLR7 by endogenous ligand
|
|
|
Defective translocation of RB1 mutants to the nucleus
|
|
|
Defective visual phototransduction due to ABCA4 loss of function
|
|
|
Defective visual phototransduction due to LRAT loss of function
|
|
|
Defective visual phototransduction due to OPN1LW loss of function
|
|
|
Defective visual phototransduction due to OPN1MW loss of function
|
|
|
Defective visual phototransduction due to OPN1SW loss of function
|
|
|
Defective visual phototransduction due to RDH12 loss of function
|
|
|
Defective visual phototransduction due to RDH5 loss of function
|
|
|
Defective visual phototransduction due to STRA6 loss of function
|
|
|
Defects in biotin (Btn) metabolism
|
|
|
Defects in cobalamin (B12) metabolism
|
|
|
Defects in vitamin and cofactor metabolism
|
|
|
Defects of contact activation system (CAS) and kallikrein/kinin system (KKS)
|
|
|
Defects of platelet adhesion to exposed collagen
|
|
|
Defensins
|
|
|
Degradation of AXIN
|
|
|
Degradation of DVL
|
|
|
Degradation of GABA
|
|
|
Degradation of GLI1 by the proteasome
|
|
|
Degradation of GLI2 by the proteasome
|
|
|
Degradation of beta-catenin by the destruction complex
|
|
|
Degradation of cysteine and homocysteine
|
|
|
Degradation of the extracellular matrix
|
|
|
Deletions in the AMER1 gene destabilize the destruction complex
|
|
|
Deletions in the AXIN1 gene destabilize the destruction complex
|
|
|
Depolymerization of the Nuclear Lamina
|
|
|
Deposition of new CENPA-containing nucleosomes at the centromere
|
|
|
Depurination
|
The disruption of the bond between the sugar in the backbone and the A or G base, causing the base to be removed and leaving a depurinated sugar.
|
|
Depyrimidination
|
The disruption of the bond between the sugar in the backbone and the C or T base, causing the base to be removed and leaving a depyrimidinated sugar.
|
|
Deregulated CDK5 triggers multiple neurodegenerative pathways in Alzheimer's disease models
|
|
|
Dermatan sulfate biosynthesis
|
|
|
Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species
|
|
|
Deubiquitination
|
|
|
Developmental Biology
|
|
|
Developmental Cell Lineages
|
|
|
Differentiation of keratinocytes in interfollicular epidermis in mammalian skin
|
|
|
Digestion
|
The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
|
|
Digestion and absorption
|
|
|
Digestion of dietary carbohydrate
|
|
|
Digestion of dietary lipid
|
|
|
Dimerization of procaspase-8
|
|
|
Disassembly of the destruction complex and recruitment of AXIN to the membrane
|
|
|
Disease
|
A disease is a disposition that describes states of disease associated with a particular sample and/or organism.
|
|
Diseases associated with N-glycosylation of proteins
|
|
|
Diseases associated with O-glycosylation of proteins
|
|
|
Diseases associated with glycosaminoglycan metabolism
|
|
|
Diseases associated with glycosylation precursor biosynthesis
|
|
|
Diseases associated with surfactant metabolism
|
|
|
Diseases associated with the TLR signaling cascade
|
|
|
Diseases associated with visual transduction
|
|
|
Diseases of Base Excision Repair
|
|
|
Diseases of Cellular Senescence
|
|
|
Diseases of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair
|
|
|
Diseases of DNA repair
|
|
|
Diseases of Immune System
|
|
|
Diseases of Mismatch Repair (MMR)
|
|
|
Diseases of Telomere Maintenance
|
|
|
Diseases of branched-chain amino acid catabolism
|
|
|
Diseases of carbohydrate metabolism
|
|
|
Diseases of cellular response to stress
|
|
|
Diseases of glycosylation
|
|
|
Diseases of hemostasis
|
|
|
Diseases of metabolism
|
|
|
Diseases of mitochondrial beta oxidation
|
|
|
Diseases of mitotic cell cycle
|
|
|
Diseases of nucleotide metabolism
|
|
|
Diseases of programmed cell death
|
|
|
Diseases of propionyl-CoA catabolism
|
|
|
Diseases of signal transduction by growth factor receptors and second messengers
|
|
|
Diseases of the neuronal system
|
|
|
Disinhibition of SNARE formation
|
|
|
Disorders of Developmental Biology
|
|
|
Disorders of Nervous System Development
|
|
|
Disorders of transmembrane transporters
|
|
|
Displacement of DNA glycosylase by APEX1
|
|
|
Dissolution of Fibrin Clot
|
|
|
Dopamine Neurotransmitter Release Cycle
|
|
|
Dopamine clearance from the synaptic cleft
|
|
|
Dopamine receptors
|
|
|
Downregulation of ERBB2 signaling
|
|
|
Downregulation of ERBB2:ERBB3 signaling
|
|
|
Downregulation of ERBB4 signaling
|
|
|
Downregulation of SMAD2/3:SMAD4 transcriptional activity
|
|
|
Downregulation of TGF-beta receptor signaling
|
|
|
Downstream TCR signaling
|
|
|
Downstream signal transduction
|
|
|
Downstream signaling events of B Cell Receptor (BCR)
|
|
|
Downstream signaling of activated FGFR1
|
|
|
Downstream signaling of activated FGFR2
|
|
|
Downstream signaling of activated FGFR3
|
|
|
Downstream signaling of activated FGFR4
|
|
|
Drug ADME
|
|
|
Drug resistance in ERBB2 KD mutants
|
|
|
Drug resistance in ERBB2 TMD/JMD mutants
|
|
|
Drug resistance of ALK mutants
|
|
|
Drug resistance of FLT3 mutants
|
|
|
Drug resistance of KIT mutants
|
|
|
Drug resistance of PDGFR mutants
|
|
|
Drug-mediated inhibition of CDK4/CDK6 activity
|
|
|
Drug-mediated inhibition of ERBB2 signaling
|
|
|
Drug-mediated inhibition of MET activation
|
|
|
Dual Incision in GG-NER
|
|
|
Dual incision in TC-NER
|
|
|
E2F mediated regulation of DNA replication
|
|
|
E2F-enabled inhibition of pre-replication complex formation
|
|
|
E3 ubiquitin ligases ubiquitinate target proteins
|
|
|
ECM proteoglycans
|
|
|
EGFR Transactivation by Gastrin
|
|
|
EGFR downregulation
|
|
|
EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma
|
|
|
EGR2 and SOX10-mediated initiation of Schwann cell myelination
|
|
|
EML4 and NUDC in mitotic spindle formation
|
|
|
EPH-Ephrin signaling
|
|
|
EPH-ephrin mediated repulsion of cells
|
|
|
EPHA-mediated growth cone collapse
|
|
|
EPHB-mediated forward signaling
|
|
|
ER Quality Control Compartment (ERQC)
|
|
|
ER to Golgi Anterograde Transport
|
|
|
ER-Phagosome pathway
|
|
|
ERBB2 Activates PTK6 Signaling
|
|
|
ERBB2 Regulates Cell Motility
|
|
|
ERCC6 (CSB) and EHMT2 (G9a) positively regulate rRNA expression
|
|
|
ERK/MAPK targets
|
|
|
ERKs are inactivated
|
|
|
ESR-mediated signaling
|
|
|
Early Phase of HIV Life Cycle
|
|
|
Early SARS-CoV-2 Infection Events
|
|
|
Effects of PIP2 hydrolysis
|
|
|
Eicosanoid ligand-binding receptors
|
|
|
Eicosanoids
|
|
|
Elastic fibre formation
|
|
|
Electric Transmission Across Gap Junctions
|
|
|
Electron transport from NADPH to Ferredoxin
|
|
|
Elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ levels
|
|
|
Endogenous sterols
|
|
|
Endosomal Sorting Complex Required For Transport (ESCRT)
|
|
|
Endosomal/Vacuolar pathway
|
|
|
Energy dependent regulation of mTOR by LKB1-AMPK
|
|
|
Enhanced binding of GP1BA variant to VWF multimer:collagen
|
|
|
Enhanced cleavage of VWF variant by ADAMTS13
|
|
|
Entry of Influenza Virion into Host Cell via Endocytosis
|
|
|
Enzymatic degradation of Dopamine by monoamine oxidase
|
|
|
Enzymatic degradation of dopamine by COMT
|
|
|
Ephrin signaling
|
|
|
Epigenetic regulation by WDR5-containing histone modifying complexes
|
|
|
Epigenetic regulation of adipogenesis genes by MLL3 and MLL4 complexes
|
|
|
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression
|
|
|
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression by MLL3 and MLL4 complexes
|
|
|
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) during gastrulation
|
|
|
Erythrocytes take up carbon dioxide and release oxygen
|
|
|
Erythrocytes take up oxygen and release carbon dioxide
|
|
|
Erythropoietin activates Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)
|
|
|
Erythropoietin activates Phospholipase C gamma (PLCG)
|
|
|
Erythropoietin activates RAS
|
|
|
Erythropoietin activates STAT5
|
|
|
Essential fructosuria
|
|
|
Essential pentosuria
|
|
|
Establishment of Sister Chromatid Cohesion
|
The process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become associated with each other during S phase.
|
|
Estrogen biosynthesis
|
|
|
Estrogen-dependent gene expression
|
|
|
Estrogen-dependent nuclear events downstream of ESR-membrane signaling
|
|
|
Estrogen-stimulated signaling through PRKCZ
|
|
|
Ethanol oxidation
|
An ethanol metabolic process in which ethanol is converted to acetyl-CoA via acetaldehyde and acetate.
|
|
Eukaryotic Translation Elongation
|
|
|
Eukaryotic Translation Initiation
|
|
|
Eukaryotic Translation Termination
|
|
|
Evasion by RSV of host interferon responses
|
|
|
Evasion of Oncogene Induced Senescence Due to Defective p16INK4A binding to CDK4
|
|
|
Evasion of Oncogene Induced Senescence Due to Defective p16INK4A binding to CDK4 and CDK6
|
|
|
Evasion of Oncogene Induced Senescence Due to p14ARF Defects
|
|
|
Evasion of Oncogene Induced Senescence Due to p16INK4A Defects
|
|
|
Evasion of Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence Due to Defective p16INK4A binding to CDK4
|
|
|
Evasion of Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence Due to Defective p16INK4A binding to CDK4 and CDK6
|
|
|
Evasion of Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence Due to p14ARF Defects
|
|
|
Evasion of Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence Due to p16INK4A Defects
|
|
|
Events associated with phagocytolytic activity of PMN cells
|
|
|
Export of Viral Ribonucleoproteins from Nucleus
|
|
|
Expression and Processing of Neurotrophins
|
|
|
Expression and translocation of olfactory receptors
|
|
|
Extension of Telomeres
|
|
|
Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling
|
|
|
Extracellular matrix organization
|
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix.
|
|
Extrinsic Pathway of Fibrin Clot Formation
|
|
|
FASTK family proteins regulate processing and stability of mitochondrial RNAs
|
|
|
FBXL7 down-regulates AURKA during mitotic entry and in early mitosis
|
|
|
FBXW7 Mutants and NOTCH1 in Cancer
|
|
|
FCERI mediated Ca+2 mobilization
|
|
|
FCERI mediated MAPK activation
|
|
|
FCERI mediated NF-kB activation
|
|
|
FCGR activation
|
|
|
FCGR3A-mediated IL10 synthesis
|
|
|
FCGR3A-mediated phagocytosis
|
|
|
FGFR1 ligand binding and activation
|
|
|
FGFR1 mutant receptor activation
|
|
|
FGFR1b ligand binding and activation
|
|
|
FGFR1c and Klotho ligand binding and activation
|
|
|
FGFR1c ligand binding and activation
|
|
|
FGFR2 alternative splicing
|
|
|
FGFR2 ligand binding and activation
|
|
|
FGFR2 mutant receptor activation
|
|
|
FGFR2b ligand binding and activation
|
|
|
FGFR2c ligand binding and activation
|
|
|
FGFR3 ligand binding and activation
|
|
|
FGFR3 mutant receptor activation
|
|
|
FGFR3b ligand binding and activation
|
|
|
FGFR3c ligand binding and activation
|
|
|
FGFR4 ligand binding and activation
|
|
|
FGFR4 mutant receptor activation
|
|
|
FGFRL1 modulation of FGFR1 signaling
|
|
|
FLT3 Signaling
|
|
|
FLT3 mutants bind TKIs
|
|
|
FLT3 signaling by CBL mutants
|
|
|
FLT3 signaling in disease
|
|
|
FLT3 signaling through SRC family kinases
|
|
|
FMO oxidises nucleophiles
|
|
|
FOXO-mediated transcription
|
|
|
FOXO-mediated transcription of cell cycle genes
|
|
|
FOXO-mediated transcription of cell death genes
|
|
|
FOXO-mediated transcription of oxidative stress, metabolic and neuronal genes
|
|
|
FRS-mediated FGFR1 signaling
|
|
|
FRS-mediated FGFR2 signaling
|
|
|
FRS-mediated FGFR3 signaling
|
|
|
FRS-mediated FGFR4 signaling
|
|
|
Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production
|
|
|
Fanconi Anemia Pathway
|
|
|
FasL/ CD95L signaling
|
|
|
Fatty Acids bound to GPR40 (FFAR1) regulate insulin secretion
|
|
|
Fatty acid metabolism
|
|
|
Fatty acids
|
|
|
Fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis
|
|
|
Fc epsilon receptor (FCERI) signaling
|
|
|
Fcgamma receptor (FCGR) dependent phagocytosis
|
|
|
Fertilization
|
The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).
|
|
Fibronectin matrix formation
|
|
|
Ficolins bind to repetitive carbohydrate structures on the target cell surface
|
|
|
Folding of actin by CCT/TriC
|
|
|
Formation of ATP by chemiosmotic coupling
|
|
|
Formation of Fibrin Clot (Clotting Cascade)
|
|
|
Formation of HIV elongation complex in the absence of HIV Tat
|
|
|
Formation of HIV-1 elongation complex containing HIV-1 Tat
|
|
|
Formation of Incision Complex in GG-NER
|
|
|
Formation of RNA Pol II elongation complex
|
|
|
Formation of Senescence-Associated Heterochromatin Foci (SAHF)
|
|
|
Formation of TC-NER Pre-Incision Complex
|
|
|
Formation of WDR5-containing histone-modifying complexes
|
|
|
Formation of a pool of free 40S subunits
|
|
|
Formation of annular gap junctions
|
|
|
Formation of apoptosome
|
|
|
Formation of axial mesoderm
|
|
|
Formation of definitive endoderm
|
|
|
Formation of editosomes by ADAR proteins
|
|
|
Formation of intermediate mesoderm
|
|
|
Formation of lateral plate mesoderm
|
|
|
Formation of paraxial mesoderm
|
|
|
Formation of the Early Elongation Complex
|
|
|
Formation of the Editosome
|
|
|
Formation of the HIV-1 Early Elongation Complex
|
|
|
Formation of the active cofactor, UDP-glucuronate
|
|
|
Formation of the anterior neural plate
|
|
|
Formation of the beta-catenin:TCF transactivating complex
|
|
|
Formation of the cornified envelope
|
|
|
Formation of the nephric duct
|
|
|
Formation of the posterior neural plate
|
|
|
Formation of the ternary complex, and subsequently, the 43S complex
|
|
|
Formation of the ureteric bud
|
|
|
Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC
|
|
|
Formation of xylulose-5-phosphate
|
|
|
Formyl peptide receptors bind formyl peptides and many other ligands
|
|
|
Free fatty acid receptors
|
|
|
Free fatty acids regulate insulin secretion
|
|
|
Frs2-mediated activation
|
|
|
Fructose biosynthesis
|
|
|
Fructose catabolism
|
|
|
Fructose metabolism
|
|
|
Fusion and Uncoating of the Influenza Virion
|
|
|
Fusion of the Influenza Virion to the Host Cell Endosome
|
|
|
G alpha (12/13) signalling events
|
|
|
G alpha (i) signalling events
|
|
|
G alpha (q) signalling events
|
|
|
G alpha (s) signalling events
|
|
|
G alpha (z) signalling events
|
|
|
G beta:gamma signalling through BTK
|
|
|
G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42
|
|
|
G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma
|
|
|
G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta
|
|
|
G protein gated Potassium channels
|
|
|
G-protein activation
|
|
|
G-protein beta:gamma signalling
|
|
|
G-protein mediated events
|
|
|
G0 and Early G1
|
|
|
G1 Phase
|
The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis) and the beginning of DNA synthesis.
|
|
G1/S DNA Damage Checkpoints
|
|
|
G1/S Transition
|
|
|
G1/S-Specific Transcription
|
|
|
G2 Phase
|
The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis).
|
|
G2/M Checkpoints
|
|
|
G2/M DNA damage checkpoint
|
|
|
G2/M DNA replication checkpoint
|
|
|
G2/M Transition
|
|
|
GAB1 signalosome
|
|
|
GABA B receptor activation
|
|
|
GABA receptor activation
|
|
|
GABA synthesis
|
|
|
GABA synthesis, release, reuptake and degradation
|
|
|
GDP-fucose biosynthesis
|
|
|
GLI proteins bind promoters of Hh responsive genes to promote transcription
|
|
|
GLI3 is processed to GLI3R by the proteasome
|
|
|
GP1b-IX-V activation signalling
|
|
|
GPCR downstream signalling
|
|
|
GPCR ligand binding
|
|
|
GPER1 signaling
|
|
|
GPVI-mediated activation cascade
|
|
|
GRB2 events in EGFR signaling
|
|
|
GRB2 events in ERBB2 signaling
|
|
|
GRB2:SOS provides linkage to MAPK signaling for Integrins
|
|
|
GRB7 events in ERBB2 signaling
|
|
|
GSK3B and BTRC:CUL1-mediated-degradation of NFE2L2
|
|
|
GTP hydrolysis and joining of the 60S ribosomal subunit
|
|
|
Gain-of-function MRAS complexes activate RAF signaling
|
|
|
Galactose catabolism
|
|
|
Gamma carboxylation, hypusinylation, hydroxylation, and arylsulfatase activation
|
|
|
Gamma-carboxylation of protein precursors
|
|
|
Gamma-carboxylation, transport, and amino-terminal cleavage of proteins
|
|
|
Gap junction assembly
|
Assembly of gap junctions, which are found in most animal tissues, and serve as direct connections between the cytoplasms of adjacent cells. They provide open channels through the plasma membrane, allowing ions and small molecules (less than approximately a thousand daltons) to diffuse freely between neighboring cells, but preventing the passage of proteins and nucleic acids.
|
|
Gap junction degradation
|
|
|
Gap junction trafficking
|
|
|
Gap junction trafficking and regulation
|
|
|
Gap-filling DNA repair synthesis and ligation in GG-NER
|
|
|
Gap-filling DNA repair synthesis and ligation in TC-NER
|
|
|
Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK
|
|
|
Gastrulation
|
A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
|
|
Gene Silencing by RNA
|
Any process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes.
|
|
Gene and protein expression by JAK-STAT signaling after Interleukin-12 stimulation
|
|
|
Gene expression (Transcription)
|
|
|
Generation of second messenger molecules
|
|
|
Generic Transcription Pathway
|
|
|
Germ layer formation at gastrulation
|
|
|
Global Genome Nucleotide Excision Repair (GG-NER)
|
|
|
Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation
|
|
|
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion
|
|
|
Glucagon-type ligand receptors
|
|
|
Glucocorticoid biosynthesis
|
|
|
Gluconeogenesis
|
The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol.
|
|
Glucose metabolism
|
disease cluster belonging to disease group metabolic
|
|
Glucuronidation
|
|
|
Glutamate Neurotransmitter Release Cycle
|
|
|
Glutamate and glutamine metabolism
|
|
|
Glutamate binding, activation of AMPA receptors and synaptic plasticity
|
|
|
Glutathione conjugation
|
|
|
Glutathione synthesis and recycling
|
|
|
Glycerophospholipid biosynthesis
|
|
|
Glycerophospholipid catabolism
|
|
|
Glycine degradation
|
|
|
Glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis)
|
|
|
Glycogen metabolism
|
|
|
Glycogen storage disease type 0 (liver GYS2)
|
|
|
Glycogen storage disease type 0 (muscle GYS1)
|
|
|
Glycogen storage disease type II (GAA)
|
|
|
Glycogen storage disease type IV (GBE1)
|
|
|
Glycogen storage disease type Ia (G6PC)
|
|
|
Glycogen storage disease type Ib (SLC37A4)
|
|
|
Glycogen storage disease type XV (GYG1)
|
|
|
Glycogen storage diseases
|
|
|
Glycogen synthesis
|
|
|
Glycolysis
|
|
|
Glycoprotein hormones
|
|
|
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
|
|
|
Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis
|
|
|
Glycosphingolipid catabolism
|
|
|
Glycosphingolipid metabolism
|
|
|
Glycosphingolipid transport
|
|
|
Glyoxylate metabolism and glycine degradation
|
|
|
Golgi Associated Vesicle Biogenesis
|
|
|
Golgi Cisternae Pericentriolar Stack Reorganization
|
|
|
Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport
|
|
|
Growth hormone receptor signaling
|
|
|
H139Hfs13* PPM1K causes a mild variant of MSUD
|
|
|
HATs acetylate histones
|
|
|
HCMV Early Events
|
|
|
HCMV Infection
|
|
|
HCMV Late Events
|
|
|
HCN channels
|
|
|
HDACs deacetylate histones
|
|
|
HDL assembly
|
|
|
HDL clearance
|
|
|
HDL remodeling
|
|
|
HDMs demethylate histones
|
|
|
HDR through Homologous Recombination (HRR)
|
|
|
HDR through Homologous Recombination (HRR) or Single Strand Annealing (SSA)
|
|
|
HDR through MMEJ (alt-NHEJ)
|
|
|
HDR through Single Strand Annealing (SSA)
|
|
|
HHAT G278V doesn't palmitoylate Hh-Np
|
|
|
HIV Infection
|
A Lentivirus infectious disease that results_in destruction of immune system, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers, has_agent Human immunodeficiency virus 1 or has_agent Human immunodeficiency virus 2, which are transmitted_by sexual contact, transmitted_by transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk, transmitted_by congenital method, and transmitted_by contaminated needles. The virus infects helper T cells (CD4+ T cells) which are directly or indirectly destroyed, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The infection has_symptom diarrhea, has_symptom fatigue, has_symptom fever, has_symptom vaginal yeast infection, has_symptom headache, has_symptom mouth sores, has_symptom muscle aches, has_symptom sore throat, and has_symptom swollen lymph glands.|Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).|An infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus.
|
|
HIV Life Cycle
|
|
|
HIV Transcription Elongation
|
|
|
HIV Transcription Initiation
|
|
|
HIV elongation arrest and recovery
|
|
|
HS-GAG biosynthesis
|
|
|
HS-GAG degradation
|
|
|
HSF1 activation
|
|
|
HSF1-dependent transactivation
|
|
|
HSP90 chaperone cycle for steroid hormone receptors (SHR) in the presence of ligand
|
|
|
Hedgehog 'off' state
|
|
|
Hedgehog 'on' state
|
|
|
Hedgehog ligand biogenesis
|
|
|
Heme biosynthesis
|
|
|
Heme degradation
|
|
|
Heme signaling
|
|
|
Hemostasis
|
The stopping of bleeding (loss of body fluid) or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part.
|
|
Heparan sulfate/heparin (HS-GAG) metabolism
|
|
|
Hereditary fructose intolerance
|
Hereditary fructose intolerance is an autosomal recessive disorder due to a deficiency of fructose-1-phosphate aldolase activity, which results in an accumulation of fructose-1-phosphate in the liver, kidney, and small intestine, and is characterized by severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and hypoglycemia following ingestion of fructose or other sugars metabolised through fructose-1-phosphate.
|
|
Hh mutants abrogate ligand secretion
|
|
|
Hh mutants are degraded by ERAD
|
|
|
High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells
|
|
|
Highly calcium permeable nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
|
|
|
Highly calcium permeable postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
|
|
|
Highly sodium permeable postsynaptic acetylcholine nicotinic receptors
|
|
|
Histamine receptors
|
|
|
Histidine catabolism
|
|
|
Homologous DNA Pairing and Strand Exchange
|
|
|
Homology Directed Repair
|
|
|
Hormone ligand-binding receptors
|
|
|
Host Interactions of HIV factors
|
|
|
HuR (ELAVL1) binds and stabilizes mRNA
|
|
|
Hyaluronan biosynthesis and export
|
|
|
Hyaluronan metabolism
|
|
|
Hyaluronan uptake and degradation
|
|
|
Hydrolysis of LPC
|
|
|
Hydrolysis of LPE
|
|
|
Hydroxycarboxylic acid-binding receptors
|
|
|
Hypusine synthesis from eIF5A-lysine
|
|
|
IFNG signaling activates MAPKs
|
|
|
IGF1R signaling cascade
|
|
|
IKBKB deficiency causes SCID
|
|
|
IKBKG deficiency causes anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency (EDA-ID) (via TLR)
|
|
|
IKK complex recruitment mediated by RIP1
|
|
|
IL-6-type cytokine receptor ligand interactions
|
|
|
IRAK1 recruits IKK complex
|
|
|
IRAK1 recruits IKK complex upon TLR7/8 or 9 stimulation
|
|
|
IRAK2 mediated activation of TAK1 complex
|
|
|
IRAK2 mediated activation of TAK1 complex upon TLR7/8 or 9 stimulation
|
|
|
IRAK4 deficiency (TLR2/4)
|
|
|
IRAK4 deficiency (TLR5)
|
|
|
IRE1alpha activates chaperones
|
|
|
IRF3 mediated activation of type 1 IFN
|
|
|
IRF3-mediated induction of type I IFN
|
|
|
IRS activation
|
|
|
IRS-mediated signalling
|
|
|
IRS-related events triggered by IGF1R
|
|
|
ISG15 antiviral mechanism
|
|
|
IkBA variant leads to EDA-ID
|
|
|
Imatinib-resistant KIT mutants
|
|
|
Imatinib-resistant PDGFR mutants
|
|
|
Immune System
|
|
|
Immunoregulatory interactions between a Lymphoid and a non-Lymphoid cell
|
|
|
Impaired BRCA2 binding to PALB2
|
|
|
Impaired BRCA2 binding to RAD51
|
|
|
Impaired BRCA2 binding to SEM1 (DSS1)
|
|
|
Impaired BRCA2 translocation to the nucleus
|
|
|
Inactivation of APC/C via direct inhibition of the APC/C complex
|
|
|
Inactivation of CDC42 and RAC1
|
|
|
Inactivation of CSF3 (G-CSF) signaling
|
|
|
Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade
|
|
|
Incretin synthesis, secretion, and inactivation
|
|
|
Induction of Cell-Cell Fusion
|
|
|
Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
|
|
|
Infectious disease
|
|
|
Inflammasomes
|
|
|
Influenza Infection
|
An acute viral infection of the respiratory tract, occurring in isolated cases, in epidemics, or in pandemics; it is caused by serologically different strains of viruses (influenzaviruses) designated A, B, and C, has a 3-day incubation period, and usually lasts for 3 to 10 days. It is marked by inflammation of the nasal mucosa, pharynx, and conjunctiva; headache; myalgia; often fever, chills, and prostration; and occasionally involvement of the myocardium or central nervous system.
|
|
Influenza Viral RNA Transcription and Replication
|
|
|
Influenza Virus Induced Apoptosis
|
|
|
Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits
|
|
|
Inhibition of DNA recombination at telomere
|
|
|
Inhibition of Host mRNA Processing and RNA Silencing
|
|
|
Inhibition of IFN-beta
|
|
|
Inhibition of Interferon Synthesis
|
|
|
Inhibition of PKR
|
|
|
Inhibition of Signaling by Overexpressed EGFR
|
|
|
Inhibition of TSC complex formation by PKB
|
|
|
Inhibition of membrane repair
|
|
|
Inhibition of nitric oxide production
|
|
|
Inhibition of replication initiation of damaged DNA by RB1/E2F1
|
|
|
Inhibition of the proteolytic activity of APC/C required for the onset of anaphase by mitotic spindle checkpoint components
|
|
|
Initial triggering of complement
|
|
|
Initiation of Nuclear Envelope (NE) Reformation
|
|
|
InlA-mediated entry of Listeria monocytogenes into host cells
|
|
|
InlB-mediated entry of Listeria monocytogenes into host cell
|
|
|
Innate Immune System
|
|
|
Inositol phosphate metabolism
|
|
|
Inositol transporters
|
|
|
Insertion of tail-anchored proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane
|
|
|
Insulin effects increased synthesis of Xylulose-5-Phosphate
|
|
|
Insulin processing
|
The formation of mature insulin by proteolysis of the precursor preproinsulin. The signal sequence is first cleaved from preproinsulin to form proinsulin; proinsulin is then cleaved to release the C peptide, leaving the A and B chains of mature insulin linked by disulfide bridges.
|
|
Insulin receptor recycling
|
The process that results in the return of an insulin receptor to an active state at the plasma membrane. An active state is when the receptor is ready to receive an insulin signal. Internalized insulin receptors can be recycled to the plasma membrane or sorted to lysosomes for protein degradation.
|
|
Insulin receptor signalling cascade
|
|
|
Insulin-like Growth Factor-2 mRNA Binding Proteins (IGF2BPs/IMPs/VICKZs) bind RNA
|
|
|
Integration of energy metabolism
|
|
|
Integration of provirus
|
|
|
Integration of viral DNA into host genomic DNA
|
|
|
Integrin cell surface interactions
|
|
|
Integrin signaling
|
|
|
Interaction With Cumulus Cells And The Zona Pellucida
|
|
|
Interaction between L1 and Ankyrins
|
|
|
Interaction between PHLDA1 and AURKA
|
|
|
Interactions of Rev with host cellular proteins
|
|
|
Interactions of Tat with host cellular proteins
|
|
|
Interactions of Vpr with host cellular proteins
|
|
|
Interconversion of 2-oxoglutarate and 2-hydroxyglutarate
|
|
|
Interconversion of nucleotide di- and triphosphates
|
|
|
Interconversion of polyamines
|
|
|
Interferon Signaling
|
|
|
Interferon alpha/beta signaling
|
|
|
Interferon gamma signaling
|
|
|
Interleukin receptor SHC signaling
|
|
|
Interleukin-1 family signaling
|
|
|
Interleukin-1 processing
|
|
|
Interleukin-1 signaling
|
|
|
Interleukin-10 signaling
|
|
|
Interleukin-12 family signaling
|
|
|
Interleukin-12 signaling
|
|
|
Interleukin-15 signaling
|
|
|
Interleukin-17 signaling
|
|
|
Interleukin-18 signaling
|
|
|
Interleukin-2 family signaling
|
|
|
Interleukin-2 signaling
|
|
|
Interleukin-20 family signaling
|
|
|
Interleukin-21 signaling
|
|
|
Interleukin-23 signaling
|
|
|
Interleukin-27 signaling
|
|
|
Interleukin-3, Interleukin-5 and GM-CSF signaling
|
|
|
Interleukin-33 signaling
|
|
|
Interleukin-35 Signalling
|
|
|
Interleukin-36 pathway
|
|
|
Interleukin-37 signaling
|
|
|
Interleukin-38 signaling
|
|
|
Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling
|
|
|
Interleukin-6 family signaling
|
|
|
Interleukin-6 signaling
|
|
|
Interleukin-7 signaling
|
|
|
Interleukin-9 signaling
|
|
|
Intestinal absorption
|
Any process in which nutrients are taken up from the contents of the intestine.
|
|
Intestinal hexose absorption
|
|
|
Intestinal infectious diseases
|
|
|
Intestinal lipid absorption
|
|
|
Intestinal saccharidase deficiencies
|
|
|
Intra-Golgi and retrograde Golgi-to-ER traffic
|
|
|
Intra-Golgi traffic
|
|
|
Intracellular metabolism of fatty acids regulates insulin secretion
|
|
|
Intracellular oxygen transport
|
|
|
Intracellular signaling by second messengers
|
|
|
Intraflagellar transport
|
|
|
Intrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis
|
|
|
Intrinsic Pathway of Fibrin Clot Formation
|
|
|
Invadopodia formation
|
|
|
Inwardly rectifying K+ channels
|
|
|
Ion channel transport
|
|
|
Ion homeostasis
|
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ions within an organism or cell.
|
|
Ion influx/efflux at host-pathogen interface
|
|
|
Ion transport by P-type ATPases
|
|
|
Ionotropic activity of kainate receptors
|
|
|
Iron uptake and transport
|
|
|
Isovaleric acidemia
|
An organic acidemia that disrupts or prevents normal metabolism of the branched-chain amino acid leucine.
|
|
JNK (c-Jun kinases) phosphorylation and activation mediated by activated human TAK1
|
|
|
Josephin domain DUBs
|
|
|
KEAP1-NFE2L2 pathway
|
|
|
KIT mutants bind TKIs
|
|
|
KSRP (KHSRP) binds and destabilizes mRNA
|
|
|
KW2449-resistant FLT3 mutants
|
|
|
Keratan sulfate biosynthesis
|
|
|
Keratan sulfate degradation
|
|
|
Keratan sulfate/keratin metabolism
|
|
|
Keratinization
|
The process in which the cytoplasm of the outermost cells of the vertebrate epidermis is replaced by keratin. Keratinization occurs in the stratum corneum, feathers, hair, claws, nails, hooves, and horns.
|
|
Ketone body metabolism
|
|
|
Kidney development
|
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
|
|
Killing mechanisms
|
|
|
Kinesins
|
|
|
L13a-mediated translational silencing of Ceruloplasmin expression
|
|
|
L1CAM interactions
|
|
|
LDL clearance
|
|
|
LDL remodeling
|
|
|
LGI-ADAM interactions
|
|
|
LGK974 inhibits PORCN
|
|
|
LRR FLII-interacting protein 1 (LRRFIP1) activates type I IFN production
|
|
|
LTC4-CYSLTR mediated IL4 production
|
|
|
Lactose synthesis
|
|
|
Lagging Strand Synthesis
|
|
|
Laminin interactions
|
|
|
Late Phase of HIV Life Cycle
|
|
|
Late SARS-CoV-2 Infection Events
|
|
|
Late endosomal microautophagy
|
|
|
Latent infection - Other responses of Mtb to phagocytosis
|
|
|
Leading Strand Synthesis
|
|
|
Lectin pathway of complement activation
|
|
|
Leishmania infection
|
|
|
Leishmania parasite growth and survival
|
|
|
Leishmania phagocytosis
|
|
|
Leukotriene receptors
|
|
|
Lewis blood group biosynthesis
|
|
|
Ligand-receptor interactions
|
|
|
Linoleic acid (LA) metabolism
|
|
|
Lipid particle organization
|
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lipid particle.
|
|
Lipophagy
|
|
|
Listeria monocytogenes entry into host cells
|
|
|
Localization of the PINCH-ILK-PARVIN complex to focal adhesions
|
|
|
Long-term potentiation
|
|
|
Loss of Function of FBXW7 in Cancer and NOTCH1 Signaling
|
|
|
Loss of Function of SMAD2/3 in Cancer
|
|
|
Loss of Function of SMAD4 in Cancer
|
|
|
Loss of Function of TGFBR1 in Cancer
|
|
|
Loss of Function of TGFBR2 in Cancer
|
|
|
Loss of Function of TP53 in Cancer
|
|
|
Loss of MECP2 binding ability to 5hmC-DNA
|
|
|
Loss of MECP2 binding ability to 5mC-DNA
|
|
|
Loss of MECP2 binding ability to the NCoR/SMRT complex
|
|
|
Loss of Nlp from mitotic centrosomes
|
|
|
Loss of function of MECP2 in Rett syndrome
|
|
|
Loss of function of TP53 in cancer due to loss of tetramerization ability
|
|
|
Loss of phosphorylation of MECP2 at T308
|
|
|
Loss of proteins required for interphase microtubule organization from the centrosome
|
|
|
Loss-of-function mutations in BCKDHA or BCKDHB cause MSUD
|
|
|
Loss-of-function mutations in DBT cause MSUD2
|
|
|
Loss-of-function mutations in DLD cause MSUD3/DLDD
|
|
|
Lysine catabolism
|
|
|
Lysosomal oligosaccharide catabolism
|
|
|
Lysosome Vesicle Biogenesis
|
|
|
Lysosphingolipid and LPA receptors
|
|
|
M Phase
|
A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
|
|
M-decay: degradation of maternal mRNAs by maternally stored factors
|
|
|
MAP kinase activation
|
|
|
MAP2K and MAPK activation
|
|
|
MAP3K8 (TPL2)-dependent MAPK1/3 activation
|
|
|
MAPK family signaling cascades
|
|
|
MAPK targets/ Nuclear events mediated by MAP kinases
|
|
|
MAPK1 (ERK2) activation
|
|
|
MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling
|
|
|
MAPK3 (ERK1) activation
|
|
|
MAPK6/MAPK4 signaling
|
|
|
MASTL Facilitates Mitotic Progression
|
|
|
MDK and PTN in ALK signaling
|
|
|
MECP2 regulates neuronal receptors and channels
|
|
|
MECP2 regulates transcription factors
|
|
|
MECP2 regulates transcription of genes involved in GABA signaling
|
|
|
MECP2 regulates transcription of neuronal ligands
|
|
|
MET Receptor Activation
|
|
|
MET activates PI3K/AKT signaling
|
|
|
MET activates PTK2 signaling
|
|
|
MET activates PTPN11
|
|
|
MET activates RAP1 and RAC1
|
|
|
MET activates RAS signaling
|
|
|
MET activates STAT3
|
|
|
MET interacts with TNS proteins
|
|
|
MET promotes cell motility
|
|
|
MET receptor recycling
|
|
|
MGMT-mediated DNA damage reversal
|
|
|
MHC class II antigen presentation
|
|
|
MITF-M-dependent gene expression
|
|
|
MITF-M-regulated melanocyte development
|
|
|
MLL4 and MLL3 complexes regulate expression of PPARG target genes in adipogenesis and hepatic steatosis
|
|
|
MPS I - Hurler syndrome
|
|
|
MPS II - Hunter syndrome
|
|
|
MPS IIIA - Sanfilippo syndrome A
|
|
|
MPS IIIB - Sanfilippo syndrome B
|
|
|
MPS IIIC - Sanfilippo syndrome C
|
|
|
MPS IIID - Sanfilippo syndrome D
|
|
|
MPS IV - Morquio syndrome A
|
|
|
MPS IV - Morquio syndrome B
|
|
|
MPS IX - Natowicz syndrome
|
|
|
MPS VI - Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome
|
|
|
MPS VII - Sly syndrome
|
|
|
MTF1 activates gene expression
|
|
|
MTOR signalling
|
|
|
Macroautophagy
|
The major inducible pathway for the general turnover of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells, it is also responsible for the degradation of active cytoplasmic enzymes and organelles during nutrient starvation. Macroautophagy involves the formation of double-membrane-bounded autophagosomes which enclose the cytoplasmic constituent targeted for degradation in a membrane-bounded structure, which then fuse with the lysosome (or vacuole) releasing a single-membrane-bounded autophagic bodies which are then degraded within the lysosome (or vacuole). Though once thought to be a purely non-selective process, it appears that some types of macroautophagy, e.g. macropexophagy, macromitophagy, may involve selective targeting of the targets to be degraded.
|
|
Major pathway of rRNA processing in the nucleolus and cytosol
|
|
|
Malate-aspartate shuttle
|
The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise malate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to oxaloacetate using NADH, the oxaloacetate reacts with gluamate to form aspartate, and the aspartate then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle.
|
|
Manipulation of host energy metabolism
|
|
|
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
|
An organic acidemia that is caused by a deficiency of decarboxylase leading to high concentrations of valine, leucine, isoleucine, and alloisoleucine in the blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid and characterized by an odor of maple syrup to the urine, vomiting, hypertonicity, severe mental retardation, seizures, and eventually death unless the condition is treated with dietary measures.
|
|
Masitinib-resistant KIT mutants
|
|
|
Maternal to zygotic transition (MZT)
|
|
|
Maturation of TCA enzymes and regulation of TCA cycle
|
|
|
Maturation of hRSV A proteins
|
|
|
Maturation of nucleoprotein_9683610
|
|
|
Maturation of nucleoprotein_9694631
|
|
|
Maturation of protein 3a_9683673
|
|
|
Maturation of protein 3a_9694719
|
|
|
Maturation of protein E_9683683
|
|
|
Maturation of protein E_9694493
|
|
|
Maturation of replicase proteins_9694301
|
|
|
Maturation of spike protein_9683686
|
|
|
Maturation of spike protein_9694548
|
|
|
Meiosis
|
|
|
Meiotic recombination
|
|
|
Meiotic synapsis
|
|
|
Melanin biosynthesis
|
|
|
Membrane Trafficking
|
|
|
Membrane binding and targetting of GAG proteins
|
|
|
Metabolic disorders of biological oxidation enzymes
|
|
|
Metabolism
|
disease cluster belonging to disease group metabolic
|
|
Metabolism of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensins
|
|
|
Metabolism of RNA
|
|
|
Metabolism of amine-derived hormones
|
|
|
Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives
|
|
|
Metabolism of carbohydrates
|
|
|
Metabolism of cofactors
|
|
|
Metabolism of fat-soluble vitamins
|
|
|
Metabolism of folate and pterines
|
|
|
Metabolism of ingested H2SeO4 and H2SeO3 into H2Se
|
|
|
Metabolism of ingested MeSeO2H into MeSeH
|
|
|
Metabolism of ingested SeMet, Sec, MeSec into H2Se
|
|
|
Metabolism of lipids
|
|
|
Metabolism of nitric oxide: NOS3 activation and regulation
|
|
|
Metabolism of non-coding RNA
|
|
|
Metabolism of nucleotides
|
|
|
Metabolism of polyamines
|
|
|
Metabolism of porphyrins
|
|
|
Metabolism of proteins
|
|
|
Metabolism of serotonin
|
|
|
Metabolism of steroid hormones
|
|
|
Metabolism of steroids
|
|
|
Metabolism of vitamin K
|
|
|
Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors
|
|
|
Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors
|
|
|
Metal ion SLC transporters
|
|
|
Metal sequestration by antimicrobial proteins
|
|
|
Metalloprotease DUBs
|
|
|
Metallothioneins bind metals
|
|
|
Methionine salvage pathway
|
|
|
Methylation
|
The process in which a methyl group is covalently attached to a molecule.
|
|
Methylation of MeSeH for excretion
|
|
|
MicroRNA (miRNA) biogenesis
|
|
|
Microbial modulation of RIPK1-mediated regulated necrosis
|
|
|
Microtubule-dependent trafficking of connexons from Golgi to the plasma membrane
|
|
|
Mineralocorticoid biosynthesis
|
|
|
Minus-strand DNA synthesis
|
|
|
Miro GTPase Cycle
|
|
|
Miscellaneous substrates
|
|
|
Miscellaneous transport and binding events
|
|
|
Mismatch Repair
|
A system for the correction of errors in which an incorrect base, which cannot form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding base in the parent strand, is incorporated into the daughter strand. The mismatch repair system promotes genomic fidelity by repairing base-base mismatches, insertion-deletion loops and heterologies generated during DNA replication and recombination.
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Mismatch repair (MMR) directed by MSH2:MSH3 (MutSbeta)
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Mismatch repair (MMR) directed by MSH2:MSH6 (MutSalpha)
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Mitochondrial ABC transporters
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Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation
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Mitochondrial RNA degradation
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Mitochondrial Uncoupling
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Mitochondrial biogenesis
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Mitochondrial calcium ion transport
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The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
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Mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis
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Mitochondrial protein degradation
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Mitochondrial protein import
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Mitochondrial short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase deficiency 1
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Mitochondrial tRNA aminoacylation
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Mitochondrial transcription initiation
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Mitochondrial transcription termination
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Mitochondrial translation
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The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in a mitochondrion. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein; the mitochondrion has its own ribosomes and transfer RNAs, and uses a genetic code that differs from the nuclear code.
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Mitochondrial translation elongation
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Mitochondrial translation initiation
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Mitochondrial translation termination
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Mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt)
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Mitophagy
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Mitotic Anaphase
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The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of a mitotic cell cycle.
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Mitotic G1 phase and G1/S transition
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Mitotic G2-G2/M phases
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Mitotic Metaphase and Anaphase
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Mitotic Metaphase/Anaphase Transition
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Mitotic Prometaphase
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The cell cycle phase in higher eukaryotes which follows mitotic prophase and during which the nuclear envelope is disrupted and breaks into membrane vesicles, and the spindle microtubules enter the nuclear region. Kinetochores mature on each centromere and attach to some of the spindle microtubules. Kinetochore microtubules begin the process of aligning chromosomes in one plane halfway between the poles.
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Mitotic Prophase
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The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of M phase of mitosis and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.
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Mitotic Spindle Checkpoint
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A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that originates from the spindle and delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, the completion of anaphase until chromosomes are attached to the spindle, or mitotic exit and cytokinesis when the spindle does not form.
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Mitotic Telophase/Cytokinesis
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Modulation by Mtb of host immune system
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Molecules associated with elastic fibres
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Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis
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Mtb iron assimilation by chelation
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Mucopolysaccharidoses
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Multifunctional anion exchangers
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Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
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Muscle contraction
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A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis.
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MyD88 cascade initiated on plasma membrane
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MyD88 deficiency (TLR2/4)
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MyD88 deficiency (TLR5)
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MyD88 dependent cascade initiated on endosome
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MyD88-independent TLR4 cascade
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MyD88:MAL(TIRAP) cascade initiated on plasma membrane
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Myoclonic epilepsy of Lafora
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Myogenesis
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N-Glycan antennae elongation
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N-glycan antennae elongation in the medial/trans-Golgi
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N-glycan trimming and elongation in the cis-Golgi
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N-glycan trimming in the ER and Calnexin/Calreticulin cycle
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NADE modulates death signalling
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NADPH regeneration
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A metabolic process that generates a pool of NADPH by the reduction of NADP+.
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NCAM signaling for neurite out-growth
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NCAM1 interactions
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NEIL3-mediated resolution of ICLs
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NEP/NS2 Interacts with the Cellular Export Machinery
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NF-kB activation through FADD/RIP-1 pathway mediated by caspase-8 and -10
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NF-kB is activated and signals survival
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NFE2L2 regulates pentose phosphate pathway genes
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NFE2L2 regulating ER-stress associated genes
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NFE2L2 regulating MDR associated enzymes
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NFE2L2 regulating TCA cycle genes
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NFE2L2 regulating anti-oxidant/detoxification enzymes
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NFE2L2 regulating inflammation associated genes
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NFE2L2 regulating tumorigenic genes
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NFG and proNGF binds to p75NTR
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NGF processing
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NGF-independant TRKA activation
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NGF-stimulated transcription
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NIK-->noncanonical NF-kB signaling
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NOD1/2 Signaling Pathway
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NOSIP mediated eNOS trafficking
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NOSTRIN mediated eNOS trafficking
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NOTCH1 Intracellular Domain Regulates Transcription
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NOTCH2 Activation and Transmission of Signal to the Nucleus
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NOTCH2 intracellular domain regulates transcription
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NOTCH3 Activation and Transmission of Signal to the Nucleus
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NOTCH3 Intracellular Domain Regulates Transcription
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NOTCH4 Activation and Transmission of Signal to the Nucleus
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NOTCH4 Intracellular Domain Regulates Transcription
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NPAS4 regulates expression of target genes
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NR1D1 (REV-ERBA) represses gene expression
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NR1H2 & NR1H3 regulate gene expression linked to gluconeogenesis
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NR1H2 & NR1H3 regulate gene expression linked to lipogenesis
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NR1H2 & NR1H3 regulate gene expression linked to triglyceride lipolysis in adipose
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NR1H2 & NR1H3 regulate gene expression to control bile acid homeostasis
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NR1H2 & NR1H3 regulate gene expression to limit cholesterol uptake
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NR1H2 and NR1H3-mediated signaling
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NR1H3 & NR1H2 regulate gene expression linked to cholesterol transport and efflux
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NRAGE signals death through JNK
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NRIF signals cell death from the nucleus
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NS1 Mediated Effects on Host Pathways
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NTF3 activates NTRK2 (TRKB) signaling
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NTF3 activates NTRK3 signaling
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NTF4 activates NTRK2 (TRKB) signaling
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NTRK2 activates RAC1
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NTRK3 as a dependence receptor
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NVP-TAE684-resistant ALK mutants
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Na+/Cl- dependent neurotransmitter transporters
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Nectin/Necl trans heterodimerization
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Neddylation
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Nef Mediated CD4 Down-regulation
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Nef Mediated CD8 Down-regulation
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Nef and signal transduction
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Nef mediated downregulation of CD28 cell surface expression
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Nef mediated downregulation of MHC class I complex cell surface expression
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Nef-mediates down modulation of cell surface receptors by recruiting them to clathrin adapters
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Negative epigenetic regulation of rRNA expression
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Negative feedback regulation of MAPK pathway
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Negative regulation of FGFR1 signaling
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Negative regulation of FGFR2 signaling
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Negative regulation of FGFR3 signaling
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Negative regulation of FGFR4 signaling
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Negative regulation of FLT3
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Negative regulation of MAPK pathway
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Negative regulation of MET activity
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Negative regulation of NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal transmission
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Negative regulation of NOTCH4 signaling
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Negative regulation of TCF-dependent signaling by DVL-interacting proteins
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Negative regulation of TCF-dependent signaling by WNT ligand antagonists
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Negative regulation of activity of TFAP2 (AP-2) family transcription factors
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Negative regulation of the PI3K/AKT network
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Negative regulators of DDX58/IFIH1 signaling
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Nephrin family interactions
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Nephron development
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The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
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Nervous system development
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The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.
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Netrin mediated repulsion signals
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Netrin-1 signaling
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Neurexins and neuroligins
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Neurodegenerative Diseases
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Neurofascin interactions
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Neuronal System
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Neurophilin interactions with VEGF and VEGFR
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Neurotoxicity of clostridium toxins
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Neurotransmitter clearance
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Neurotransmitter receptors and postsynaptic signal transmission
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Neurotransmitter release cycle
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Neurotransmitter uptake and metabolism In glial cells
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Neutrophil degranulation
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The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as proteases, lipases, and inflammatory mediators by a neutrophil.
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Nicotinamide salvaging
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Nicotinate metabolism
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Nilotinib-resistant KIT mutants
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Nitric oxide stimulates guanylate cyclase
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NoRC negatively regulates rRNA expression
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Non-integrin membrane-ECM interactions
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Noncanonical activation of NOTCH3
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Nonhomologous End-Joining (NHEJ)
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Nonsense Mediated Decay (NMD) enhanced by the Exon Junction Complex (EJC)
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Nonsense Mediated Decay (NMD) independent of the Exon Junction Complex (EJC)
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Nonsense-Mediated Decay (NMD)
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Norepinephrine Neurotransmitter Release Cycle
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Notch-HLH transcription pathway
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NrCAM interactions
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Nuclear Envelope (NE) Reassembly
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Nuclear Envelope Breakdown
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Nuclear Events (kinase and transcription factor activation)
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Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) Disassembly
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Nuclear Receptor transcription pathway
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Nuclear events mediated by NFE2L2
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Nuclear events stimulated by ALK signaling in cancer
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Nuclear import of Rev protein
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Nuclear signaling by ERBB4
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Nucleosome assembly
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The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a nucleosome, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA.
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Nucleotide Excision Repair
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disease cluster belonging to disease group other
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Nucleotide biosynthesis
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Nucleotide catabolism
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Nucleotide catabolism defects
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Nucleotide salvage
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Any process which produces a nucleotide, a compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
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Nucleotide salvage defects
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Nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor (NLR) signaling pathways
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Nucleotide-like (purinergic) receptors
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O-glycosylation of TSR domain-containing proteins
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O-linked glycosylation
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O-linked glycosylation of mucins
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O2/CO2 exchange in erythrocytes
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OADH complex synthesizes glutaryl-CoA from 2-OA
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OAS antiviral response
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OGDH complex synthesizes succinyl-CoA from 2-OG
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Oleoyl-phe metabolism
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Olfactory Signaling Pathway
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Oligomerization of connexins into connexons
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Oncogene Induced Senescence
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Oncogenic MAPK signaling
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Opioid Signalling
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Opsins
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Orc1 removal from chromatin
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Orexin and neuropeptides FF and QRFP bind to their respective receptors
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Organelle biogenesis and maintenance
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Organic anion transport
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The directed movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.
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Organic anion transporters
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Organic cation transport
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The directed movement of organic cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.
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Organic cation/anion/zwitterion transport
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Other interleukin signaling
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Other semaphorin interactions
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Ovarian tumor domain proteases
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Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence
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Oxygen-dependent proline hydroxylation of Hypoxia-inducible Factor Alpha
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P2Y receptors
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PAOs oxidise polyamines to amines
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PCNA-Dependent Long Patch Base Excision Repair
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PCP/CE pathway
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PD-1 signaling
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PDE3B signalling
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PDGFR mutants bind TKIs
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PDH complex synthesizes acetyl-CoA from PYR
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PECAM1 interactions
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PERK regulates gene expression
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PI Metabolism
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PI and PC transport between ER and Golgi membranes
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PI-3K cascade:FGFR1
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PI-3K cascade:FGFR2
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PI-3K cascade:FGFR3
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PI-3K cascade:FGFR4
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PI3K Cascade
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PI3K events in ERBB2 signaling
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PI3K events in ERBB4 signaling
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PI3K/AKT Signaling in Cancer
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PI3K/AKT activation
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PI5P Regulates TP53 Acetylation
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PI5P, PP2A and IER3 Regulate PI3K/AKT Signaling
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PINK1-PRKN Mediated Mitophagy
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PIP3 activates AKT signaling
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PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) biogenesis
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PKA activation
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PKA activation in glucagon signalling
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PKA-mediated phosphorylation of CREB
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PKA-mediated phosphorylation of key metabolic factors
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PKB-mediated events
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PKMTs methylate histone lysines
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PKR-mediated signaling
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PLC beta mediated events
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PLC-gamma1 signalling
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PLCG1 events in ERBB2 signaling
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POLB-Dependent Long Patch Base Excision Repair
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POU5F1 (OCT4), SOX2, NANOG activate genes related to proliferation
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POU5F1 (OCT4), SOX2, NANOG repress genes related to differentiation
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PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of key metabolic factors
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PPARA activates gene expression
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PRC2 methylates histones and DNA
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PTEN Loss of Function in Cancer
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PTEN Regulation
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PTK6 Activates STAT3
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PTK6 Down-Regulation
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PTK6 Expression
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PTK6 Regulates Cell Cycle
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PTK6 Regulates Proteins Involved in RNA Processing
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PTK6 Regulates RHO GTPases, RAS GTPase and MAP kinases
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PTK6 Regulates RTKs and Their Effectors AKT1 and DOK1
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PTK6 promotes HIF1A stabilization
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Packaging Of Telomere Ends
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Packaging of Eight RNA Segments
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Paracetamol ADME
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Paradoxical activation of RAF signaling by kinase inactive BRAF
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Parasite infection
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Parasitic Infection Pathways
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Passive transport by Aquaporins
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Pausing and recovery of HIV elongation
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Pausing and recovery of Tat-mediated HIV elongation
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Pentose phosphate pathway
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Pentose phosphate pathway disease
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Peptide chain elongation
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Peptide hormone biosynthesis
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Peptide hormone metabolism
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Peptide ligand-binding receptors
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Peroxisomal lipid metabolism
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Peroxisomal protein import
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Pervasive developmental disorders
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Pexophagy
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Phase 0 - rapid depolarisation
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Phase 1 - inactivation of fast Na+ channels
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Phase 2 - plateau phase
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Phase 3 - rapid repolarisation
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Phase 4 - resting membrane potential
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Phase I - Functionalization of compounds
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Phase II - Conjugation of compounds
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Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism
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Phenylalanine metabolism
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Phenylketonuria
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An amino acid metabolic disorder that is characterized by a mutation in the gene for the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), rendering it nonfunctional.
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Phosphate bond hydrolysis by NTPDase proteins
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Phosphate bond hydrolysis by NUDT proteins
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Phospholipase C-mediated cascade: FGFR1
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Phospholipase C-mediated cascade; FGFR2
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Phospholipase C-mediated cascade; FGFR3
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Phospholipase C-mediated cascade; FGFR4
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Phospholipid metabolism
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Phosphorylation of CD3 and TCR zeta chains
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Phosphorylation of Emi1
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Phosphorylation of proteins involved in G1/S transition by active Cyclin E:Cdk2 complexes
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Phosphorylation of proteins involved in the G2/M transition by Cyclin A:Cdc2 complexes
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Phosphorylation of the APC/C
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Physiological factors
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Plasma lipoprotein assembly
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Plasma lipoprotein assembly, remodeling, and clearance
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Plasma lipoprotein clearance
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Plasma lipoprotein remodeling
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Plasmalogen biosynthesis
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Platelet Adhesion to exposed collagen
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Platelet Aggregation (Plug Formation)
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Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation
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Platelet calcium homeostasis
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Platelet degranulation
|
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine and serotonin by a platelet.
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Platelet homeostasis
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Platelet sensitization by LDL
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Plus-strand DNA synthesis
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Polo-like kinase mediated events
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Polymerase switching
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Polymerase switching on the C-strand of the telomere
|
|
|
Positive epigenetic regulation of rRNA expression
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|
Post NMDA receptor activation events
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Post-chaperonin tubulin folding pathway
|
Completion of folding of alpha- and beta-tubulin; takes place subsequent to chaperonin-mediated partial folding; mediated by a complex of folding cofactors.
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|
Post-transcriptional silencing by small RNAs
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|
Post-translational modification: synthesis of GPI-anchored proteins
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Post-translational protein modification
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The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.
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|
Post-translational protein phosphorylation
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Postmitotic nuclear pore complex (NPC) reformation
|
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|
Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
|
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|
Potassium Channels
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Potassium transport channels
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|
|
Potential therapeutics for SARS
|
|
|
Pre-NOTCH Expression and Processing
|
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Pre-NOTCH Processing in Golgi
|
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Pre-NOTCH Processing in the Endoplasmic Reticulum
|
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Pre-NOTCH Transcription and Translation
|
|
|
Prednisone ADME
|
|
|
Prefoldin mediated transfer of substrate to CCT/TriC
|
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|
Pregnenolone biosynthesis
|
|
|
Presynaptic depolarization and calcium channel opening
|
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|
Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors
|
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|
Presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
|
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|
Presynaptic phase of homologous DNA pairing and strand exchange
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|
|
Prevention of phagosomal-lysosomal fusion
|
|
|
Processing and activation of SUMO
|
|
|
Processing of Capped Intron-Containing Pre-mRNA
|
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|
Processing of Capped Intronless Pre-mRNA
|
|
|
Processing of DNA double-strand break ends
|
|
|
Processing of Intronless Pre-mRNAs
|
|
|
Processing of SMDT1
|
|
|
Processive synthesis on the C-strand of the telomere
|
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|
Processive synthesis on the lagging strand
|
|
|
Programmed Cell Death
|
A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell.
|
|
Progressive trimming of alpha-1,2-linked mannose residues from Man9/8/7GlcNAc2 to produce Man5GlcNAc2
|
|
|
Prolactin receptor signaling
|
|
|
Proline catabolism
|
|
|
Prolonged ERK activation events
|
|
|
Propionyl-CoA catabolism
|
|
|
Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor
|
|
|
Prostanoid ligand receptors
|
|
|
Proteasome assembly
|
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome complex.
|
|
Protein folding
|
The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure.
|
|
Protein hydroxylation
|
The addition of a hydroxy group to a protein amino acid.
|
|
Protein lipoylation
|
The addition of a lipoyl group to an amino acid residue in a protein.
|
|
Protein localization
|
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
|
|
Protein methylation
|
The addition of a methyl group to a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom.
|
|
Protein repair
|
The process of restoring a protein to its original state after damage by such things as oxidation or spontaneous decomposition of residues.
|
|
Protein ubiquitination
|
The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a protein.
|
|
Protein-protein interactions at synapses
|
|
|
Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transport
|
|
|
Proton-coupled neutral amino acid transporters
|
|
|
Proton/oligopeptide cotransporters
|
|
|
Purine catabolism
|
|
|
Purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis
|
|
|
Purine salvage
|
|
|
Purinergic signaling in leishmaniasis infection
|
|
|
Pyrimidine biosynthesis
|
|
|
Pyrimidine catabolism
|
|
|
Pyrimidine salvage
|
|
|
Pyrophosphate hydrolysis
|
|
|
Pyroptosis
|
A caspase-1-dependent cell death subroutine that is associated with the generation of pyrogenic mediators such as IL-1beta and IL-18.
|
|
Pyruvate metabolism
|
|
|
RA biosynthesis pathway
|
|
|
RAB GEFs exchange GTP for GDP on RABs
|
|
|
RAB geranylgeranylation
|
|
|
RAC1 GTPase cycle
|
|
|
RAC2 GTPase cycle
|
|
|
RAC3 GTPase cycle
|
|
|
RAF activation
|
|
|
RAF-independent MAPK1/3 activation
|
|
|
RAF/MAP kinase cascade
|
|
|
RAS GTPase cycle mutants
|
|
|
RAS processing
|
|
|
RAS signaling downstream of NF1 loss-of-function variants
|
|
|
RET signaling
|
|
|
RHO GTPase Effectors
|
|
|
RHO GTPase cycle
|
|
|
RHO GTPases Activate Formins
|
|
|
RHO GTPases Activate NADPH Oxidases
|
|
|
RHO GTPases Activate ROCKs
|
|
|
RHO GTPases Activate Rhotekin and Rhophilins
|
|
|
RHO GTPases Activate WASPs and WAVEs
|
|
|
RHO GTPases activate CIT
|
|
|
RHO GTPases activate IQGAPs
|
|
|
RHO GTPases activate KTN1
|
|
|
RHO GTPases activate PAKs
|
|
|
RHO GTPases activate PKNs
|
|
|
RHO GTPases regulate CFTR trafficking
|
|
|
RHOA GTPase cycle
|
|
|
RHOB GTPase cycle
|
|
|
RHOBTB GTPase Cycle
|
|
|
RHOBTB1 GTPase cycle
|
|
|
RHOBTB2 GTPase cycle
|
|
|
RHOBTB3 ATPase cycle
|
|
|
RHOC GTPase cycle
|
|
|
RHOD GTPase cycle
|
|
|
RHOF GTPase cycle
|
|
|
RHOG GTPase cycle
|
|
|
RHOH GTPase cycle
|
|
|
RHOJ GTPase cycle
|
|
|
RHOQ GTPase cycle
|
|
|
RHOT1 GTPase cycle
|
|
|
RHOT2 GTPase cycle
|
|
|
RHOU GTPase cycle
|
|
|
RHOV GTPase cycle
|
|
|
RIP-mediated NFkB activation via ZBP1
|
|
|
RIPK1-mediated regulated necrosis
|
|
|
RMTs methylate histone arginines
|
|
|
RNA Pol II CTD phosphorylation and interaction with CE
|
|
|
RNA Pol II CTD phosphorylation and interaction with CE during HIV infection
|
|
|
RNA Polymerase I Promoter Clearance
|
|
|
RNA Polymerase I Promoter Escape
|
|
|
RNA Polymerase I Promoter Opening
|
|
|
RNA Polymerase I Transcription
|
|
|
RNA Polymerase I Transcription Initiation
|
|
|
RNA Polymerase I Transcription Termination
|
|
|
RNA Polymerase II HIV Promoter Escape
|
|
|
RNA Polymerase II Pre-transcription Events
|
|
|
RNA Polymerase II Promoter Escape
|
|
|
RNA Polymerase II Transcription
|
|
|
RNA Polymerase II Transcription Elongation
|
|
|
RNA Polymerase II Transcription Initiation
|
|
|
RNA Polymerase II Transcription Initiation And Promoter Clearance
|
|
|
RNA Polymerase II Transcription Pre-Initiation And Promoter Opening
|
|
|
RNA Polymerase II Transcription Termination
|
|
|
RNA Polymerase III Abortive And Retractive Initiation
|
|
|
RNA Polymerase III Chain Elongation
|
|
|
RNA Polymerase III Transcription
|
|
|
RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation
|
|
|
RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 1 Promoter
|
|
|
RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 2 Promoter
|
|
|
RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 3 Promoter
|
|
|
RNA Polymerase III Transcription Termination
|
|
|
RNA polymerase II transcribes snRNA genes
|
|
|
RND1 GTPase cycle
|
|
|
RND2 GTPase cycle
|
|
|
RND3 GTPase cycle
|
|
|
ROBO receptors bind AKAP5
|
|
|
RORA activates gene expression
|
|
|
ROS and RNS production in phagocytes
|
|
|
RPIA deficiency: failed conversion of R5P to RU5P
|
|
|
RPIA deficiency: failed conversion of RU5P to R5P
|
|
|
RSK activation
|
|
|
RSV-host interactions
|
|
|
RUNX1 and FOXP3 control the development of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs)
|
|
|
RUNX1 interacts with co-factors whose precise effect on RUNX1 targets is not known
|
|
|
RUNX1 regulates estrogen receptor mediated transcription
|
|
|
RUNX1 regulates expression of components of tight junctions
|
|
|
RUNX1 regulates genes involved in megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet function
|
|
|
RUNX1 regulates transcription of genes involved in BCR signaling
|
|
|
RUNX1 regulates transcription of genes involved in WNT signaling
|
|
|
RUNX1 regulates transcription of genes involved in differentiation of HSCs
|
|
|
RUNX1 regulates transcription of genes involved in differentiation of keratinocytes
|
|
|
RUNX1 regulates transcription of genes involved in differentiation of myeloid cells
|
|
|
RUNX1 regulates transcription of genes involved in interleukin signaling
|
|
|
RUNX2 regulates bone development
|
|
|
RUNX2 regulates chondrocyte maturation
|
|
|
RUNX2 regulates genes involved in cell migration
|
|
|
RUNX2 regulates genes involved in differentiation of myeloid cells
|
|
|
RUNX2 regulates osteoblast differentiation
|
|
|
RUNX3 Regulates Immune Response and Cell Migration
|
|
|
RUNX3 regulates BCL2L11 (BIM) transcription
|
|
|
RUNX3 regulates CDKN1A transcription
|
|
|
RUNX3 regulates NOTCH signaling
|
|
|
RUNX3 regulates RUNX1-mediated transcription
|
|
|
RUNX3 regulates WNT signaling
|
|
|
RUNX3 regulates YAP1-mediated transcription
|
|
|
RUNX3 regulates p14-ARF
|
|
|
Rab regulation of trafficking
|
|
|
Rap1 signalling
|
|
|
Ras activation upon Ca2+ influx through NMDA receptor
|
|
|
Reactions specific to the complex N-glycan synthesis pathway
|
|
|
Reactions specific to the hybrid N-glycan synthesis pathway
|
|
|
Receptor Mediated Mitophagy
|
|
|
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatases
|
|
|
Recognition and association of DNA glycosylase with site containing an affected purine
|
|
|
Recognition and association of DNA glycosylase with site containing an affected pyrimidine
|
|
|
Recognition of DNA damage by PCNA-containing replication complex
|
|
|
Recruitment and ATM-mediated phosphorylation of repair and signaling proteins at DNA double strand breaks
|
|
|
Recruitment of NuMA to mitotic centrosomes
|
|
|
Recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes
|
|
|
Recycling of bile acids and salts
|
|
|
Recycling of eIF2:GDP
|
|
|
Recycling pathway of L1
|
|
|
Reduction of cytosolic Ca++ levels
|
|
|
Reelin signalling pathway
|
|
|
Regorafenib-resistant KIT mutants
|
|
|
Regorafenib-resistant PDGFR mutants
|
|
|
Regulated Necrosis
|
|
|
Regulated proteolysis of p75NTR
|
|
|
Regulation by TREX1
|
|
|
Regulation by c-FLIP
|
|
|
Regulation of APC/C activators between G1/S and early anaphase
|
|
|
Regulation of Apoptosis
|
|
|
Regulation of BACH1 activity
|
|
|
Regulation of CDH11 Expression and Function
|
|
|
Regulation of CDH11 function
|
|
|
Regulation of CDH11 gene transcription
|
|
|
Regulation of CDH11 mRNA translation by microRNAs
|
|
|
Regulation of CDH19 Expression and Function
|
|
|
Regulation of Complement cascade
|
|
|
Regulation of Expression and Function of Type II Classical Cadherins
|
|
|
Regulation of FOXO transcriptional activity by acetylation
|
|
|
Regulation of FZD by ubiquitination
|
|
|
Regulation of Glucokinase by Glucokinase Regulatory Protein
|
|
|
Regulation of HMOX1 expression and activity
|
|
|
Regulation of HSF1-mediated heat shock response
|
|
|
Regulation of Homotypic Cell-Cell Adhesion
|
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion.
|
|
Regulation of IFNA/IFNB signaling
|
|
|
Regulation of IFNG signaling
|
|
|
Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs)
|
|
|
Regulation of KIT signaling
|
|
|
Regulation of MECP2 expression and activity
|
|
|
Regulation of MITF-M dependent genes involved in invasion
|
|
|
Regulation of MITF-M dependent genes involved in metabolism
|
|
|
Regulation of MITF-M-dependent genes involved in DNA damage repair and senescence
|
|
|
Regulation of MITF-M-dependent genes involved in apoptosis
|
|
|
Regulation of MITF-M-dependent genes involved in cell cycle and proliferation
|
|
|
Regulation of MITF-M-dependent genes involved in lysosome biogenesis and autophagy
|
|
|
Regulation of MITF-M-dependent genes involved in pigmentation
|
|
|
Regulation of NF-kappa B signaling
|
|
|
Regulation of NFE2L2 gene expression
|
|
|
Regulation of NPAS4 gene expression
|
|
|
Regulation of NPAS4 gene transcription
|
|
|
Regulation of NPAS4 mRNA translation
|
|
|
Regulation of PAK-2p34 activity by PS-GAP/RHG10
|
|
|
Regulation of PLK1 Activity at G2/M Transition
|
|
|
Regulation of PTEN gene transcription
|
|
|
Regulation of PTEN localization
|
|
|
Regulation of PTEN mRNA translation
|
|
|
Regulation of PTEN stability and activity
|
|
|
Regulation of RAS by GAPs
|
|
|
Regulation of RUNX1 Expression and Activity
|
|
|
Regulation of RUNX2 expression and activity
|
|
|
Regulation of RUNX3 expression and activity
|
|
|
Regulation of TBK1, IKKε (IKBKE)-mediated activation of IRF3, IRF7
|
|
|
Regulation of TBK1, IKKε-mediated activation of IRF3, IRF7 upon TLR3 ligation
|
|
|
Regulation of TLR by endogenous ligand
|
|
|
Regulation of TNFR1 signaling
|
|
|
Regulation of TP53 Activity
|
|
|
Regulation of TP53 Activity through Acetylation
|
|
|
Regulation of TP53 Activity through Association with Co-factors
|
|
|
Regulation of TP53 Activity through Methylation
|
|
|
Regulation of TP53 Activity through Phosphorylation
|
|
|
Regulation of TP53 Degradation
|
|
|
Regulation of TP53 Expression
|
|
|
Regulation of TP53 Expression and Degradation
|
|
|
Regulation of actin dynamics for phagocytic cup formation
|
|
|
Regulation of activated PAK-2p34 by proteasome mediated degradation
|
|
|
Regulation of beta-cell development
|
|
|
Regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis by SREBP (SREBF)
|
|
|
Regulation of commissural axon pathfinding by SLIT and ROBO
|
|
|
Regulation of cortical dendrite branching
|
|
|
Regulation of cytoskeletal remodeling and cell spreading by IPP complex components
|
|
|
Regulation of endogenous retroelements
|
|
|
Regulation of endogenous retroelements by KRAB-ZFP proteins
|
|
|
Regulation of endogenous retroelements by Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs)
|
|
|
Regulation of endogenous retroelements by the Human Silencing Hub (HUSH) complex
|
|
|
Regulation of expression of SLITs and ROBOs
|
|
|
Regulation of gap junction activity
|
|
|
Regulation of gene expression by Hypoxia-inducible Factor
|
|
|
Regulation of gene expression in beta cells
|
|
|
Regulation of gene expression in early pancreatic precursor cells
|
|
|
Regulation of gene expression in endocrine-committed (NEUROG3+) progenitor cells
|
|
|
Regulation of gene expression in late stage (branching morphogenesis) pancreatic bud precursor cells
|
|
|
Regulation of glycolysis by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate metabolism
|
|
|
Regulation of innate immune responses to cytosolic DNA
|
|
|
Regulation of insulin secretion
|
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.
|
|
Regulation of lipid metabolism by PPARalpha
|
|
|
Regulation of localization of FOXO transcription factors
|
|
|
Regulation of mRNA stability by proteins that bind AU-rich elements
|
|
|
Regulation of mitotic cell cycle
|
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle.
|
|
Regulation of necroptotic cell death
|
|
|
Regulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)
|
|
|
Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex
|
|
|
Regulation of pyruvate metabolism
|
|
|
Regulation of signaling by CBL
|
|
|
Regulation of signaling by NODAL
|
|
|
Regulation of the apoptosome activity
|
|
|
Regulation of thyroid hormone activity
|
|
|
Relaxin receptors
|
|
|
Release
|
|
|
Release of Hh-Np from the secreting cell
|
|
|
Release of apoptotic factors from the mitochondria
|
|
|
Removal of aminoterminal propeptides from gamma-carboxylated proteins
|
|
|
Removal of the Flap Intermediate
|
|
|
Removal of the Flap Intermediate from the C-strand
|
|
|
Replacement of protamines by nucleosomes in the male pronucleus
|
|
|
Replication of the SARS-CoV-1 genome
|
|
|
Replication of the SARS-CoV-2 genome
|
|
|
Repression of WNT target genes
|
|
|
Reproduction
|
The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms.
|
|
Resistance of ERBB2 KD mutants to AEE788
|
|
|
Resistance of ERBB2 KD mutants to afatinib
|
|
|
Resistance of ERBB2 KD mutants to lapatinib
|
|
|
Resistance of ERBB2 KD mutants to neratinib
|
|
|
Resistance of ERBB2 KD mutants to osimertinib
|
|
|
Resistance of ERBB2 KD mutants to sapitinib
|
|
|
Resistance of ERBB2 KD mutants to tesevatinib
|
|
|
Resistance of ERBB2 KD mutants to trastuzumab
|
|
|
Resolution of AP sites via the multiple-nucleotide patch replacement pathway
|
|
|
Resolution of AP sites via the single-nucleotide replacement pathway
|
|
|
Resolution of Abasic Sites (AP sites)
|
|
|
Resolution of D-Loop Structures
|
|
|
Resolution of D-loop Structures through Holliday Junction Intermediates
|
|
|
Resolution of D-loop Structures through Synthesis-Dependent Strand Annealing (SDSA)
|
|
|
Resolution of Sister Chromatid Cohesion
|
|
|
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Pathway
|
|
|
Respiratory electron transport
|
|
|
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) attachment and entry
|
|
|
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) genome replication, transcription and translation
|
|
|
Respiratory syncytial virus genome replication
|
|
|
Respiratory syncytial virus genome transcription
|
|
|
Response of EIF2AK1 (HRI) to heme deficiency
|
|
|
Response of EIF2AK4 (GCN2) to amino acid deficiency
|
|
|
Response of Mtb to phagocytosis
|
|
|
Response of endothelial cells to shear stress
|
|
|
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+
|
|
|
Response to metal ions
|
|
|
Retinoid cycle disease events
|
|
|
Retinoid metabolism and transport
|
|
|
Retinoid metabolism disease events
|
|
|
Retrograde neurotrophin signalling
|
|
|
Retrograde transport at the Trans-Golgi-Network
|
|
|
Reuptake of GABA
|
|
|
Rev-mediated nuclear export of HIV RNA
|
|
|
Reversal of alkylation damage by DNA dioxygenases
|
|
|
Reverse Transcription of HIV RNA
|
|
|
Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide
|
|
|
Rhesus blood group biosynthesis
|
|
|
Rhesus glycoproteins mediate ammonium transport
|
|
|
Ribavirin ADME
|
|
|
Ribosomal scanning and start codon recognition
|
|
|
Role of ABL in ROBO-SLIT signaling
|
|
|
Role of LAT2/NTAL/LAB on calcium mobilization
|
|
|
Role of phospholipids in phagocytosis
|
|
|
Role of second messengers in netrin-1 signaling
|
|
|
S Phase
|
The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place.
|
|
SARS-CoV Infections
|
|
|
SARS-CoV-1 Genome Replication and Transcription
|
|
|
SARS-CoV-1 Infection
|
|
|
SARS-CoV-1 activates/modulates innate immune responses
|
|
|
SARS-CoV-1 modulates host translation machinery
|
|
|
SARS-CoV-1 targets PDZ proteins in cell-cell junction
|
|
|
SARS-CoV-1 targets host intracellular signalling and regulatory pathways
|
|
|
SARS-CoV-1-host interactions
|
|
|
SARS-CoV-1-mediated effects on programmed cell death
|
|
|
SARS-CoV-2 Genome Replication and Transcription
|
|
|
SARS-CoV-2 Infection
|
|
|
SARS-CoV-2 activates/modulates innate and adaptive immune responses
|
|
|
SARS-CoV-2 modulates autophagy
|
|
|
SARS-CoV-2 modulates host translation machinery
|
|
|
SARS-CoV-2 targets PDZ proteins in cell-cell junction
|
|
|
SARS-CoV-2 targets host intracellular signalling and regulatory pathways
|
|
|
SARS-CoV-2-host interactions
|
|
|
SCF(Skp2)-mediated degradation of p27/p21
|
|
|
SCF-beta-TrCP mediated degradation of Emi1
|
|
|
SDK interactions
|
|
|
SEMA3A-Plexin repulsion signaling by inhibiting Integrin adhesion
|
|
|
SHC-mediated cascade:FGFR1
|
|
|
SHC-mediated cascade:FGFR2
|
|
|
SHC-mediated cascade:FGFR3
|
|
|
SHC-mediated cascade:FGFR4
|
|
|
SHC-related events triggered by IGF1R
|
|
|
SHC1 events in EGFR signaling
|
|
|
SHC1 events in ERBB2 signaling
|
|
|
SHC1 events in ERBB4 signaling
|
|
|
SHOC2 M1731 mutant abolishes MRAS complex function
|
|
|
SIRT1 negatively regulates rRNA expression
|
|
|
SLBP Dependent Processing of Replication-Dependent Histone Pre-mRNAs
|
|
|
SLBP independent Processing of Histone Pre-mRNAs
|
|
|
SLC transporter disorders
|
|
|
SLC-mediated transmembrane transport
|
|
|
SLC15A4:TASL-dependent IRF5 activation
|
|
|
SLIT2:ROBO1 increases RHOA activity
|
|
|
SMAC (DIABLO) binds to IAPs
|
|
|
SMAC(DIABLO)-mediated dissociation of IAP:caspase complexes
|
|
|
SMAC, XIAP-regulated apoptotic response
|
|
|
SMAD2/3 MH2 Domain Mutants in Cancer
|
|
|
SMAD2/3 Phosphorylation Motif Mutants in Cancer
|
|
|
SMAD2/SMAD3:SMAD4 heterotrimer regulates transcription
|
|
|
SMAD4 MH2 Domain Mutants in Cancer
|
|
|
SOS-mediated signalling
|
|
|
SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane
|
The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs during translation and is dependent upon two key components, the signal-recognition particle (SRP) and the SRP receptor. SRP is a cytosolic particle that transiently binds to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) signal sequence in a nascent protein, to the large ribosomal unit, and to the SRP receptor in the ER membrane.
|
|
STAT3 nuclear events downstream of ALK signaling
|
|
|
STAT5 Activation
|
|
|
STAT5 activation downstream of FLT3 ITD mutants
|
|
|
STAT6-mediated induction of chemokines
|
|
|
STING mediated induction of host immune responses
|
|
|
SUMO E3 ligases SUMOylate target proteins
|
|
|
SUMO is conjugated to E1 (UBA2:SAE1)
|
|
|
SUMO is proteolytically processed
|
|
|
SUMO is transferred from E1 to E2 (UBE2I, UBC9)
|
|
|
SUMOylation
|
|
|
SUMOylation of DNA damage response and repair proteins
|
|
|
SUMOylation of DNA methylation proteins
|
|
|
SUMOylation of DNA replication proteins
|
|
|
SUMOylation of RNA binding proteins
|
|
|
SUMOylation of SUMOylation proteins
|
|
|
SUMOylation of chromatin organization proteins
|
|
|
SUMOylation of immune response proteins
|
|
|
SUMOylation of intracellular receptors
|
|
|
SUMOylation of nuclear envelope proteins
|
|
|
SUMOylation of transcription cofactors
|
|
|
SUMOylation of transcription factors
|
|
|
SUMOylation of ubiquitinylation proteins
|
|
|
Scavenging by Class A Receptors
|
|
|
Scavenging by Class B Receptors
|
|
|
Scavenging by Class F Receptors
|
|
|
Scavenging by Class H Receptors
|
|
|
Scavenging of heme from plasma
|
|
|
Sealing of the nuclear envelope (NE) by ESCRT-III
|
|
|
Selective autophagy
|
|
|
Selenoamino acid metabolism
|
|
|
Selenocysteine synthesis
|
|
|
Sema3A PAK dependent Axon repulsion
|
|
|
Sema4D in semaphorin signaling
|
|
|
Sema4D induced cell migration and growth-cone collapse
|
|
|
Sema4D mediated inhibition of cell attachment and migration
|
|
|
Semaphorin interactions
|
|
|
Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP)
|
|
|
Sensing of DNA Double Strand Breaks
|
|
|
Sensory Perception
|
The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
|
|
Sensory perception of salty taste
|
|
|
Sensory perception of sour taste
|
The series of events required to receive a sour taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
|
|
Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste
|
|
|
Sensory perception of taste
|
The series of events required for an organism to receive a gustatory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Gustation involves the direct detection of chemical composition, usually through contact with chemoreceptor cells. This is a neurological process.
|
|
Sensory processing of sound
|
|
|
Sensory processing of sound by inner hair cells of the cochlea
|
|
|
Sensory processing of sound by outer hair cells of the cochlea
|
|
|
Separation of Sister Chromatids
|
|
|
Serine biosynthesis
|
|
|
Serotonin Neurotransmitter Release Cycle
|
|
|
Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis
|
|
|
Serotonin clearance from the synaptic cleft
|
|
|
Serotonin receptors
|
|
|
Severe congenital neutropenia type 4 (G6PC3)
|
|
|
Sialic acid metabolism
|
|
|
Signal Transduction
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The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.
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Signal amplification
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Signal attenuation
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Signal regulatory protein family interactions
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Signal transduction by L1
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Signaling by ALK
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Signaling by ALK fusions and activated point mutants
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Signaling by ALK in cancer
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Signaling by AMER1 mutants
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Signaling by APC mutants
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Signaling by AXIN mutants
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Signaling by Activin
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Signaling by BMP
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Signaling by BRAF and RAF1 fusions
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Signaling by CSF1 (M-CSF) in myeloid cells
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Signaling by CSF3 (G-CSF)
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Signaling by CTNNB1 phospho-site mutants
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Signaling by EGFR
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Signaling by EGFR in Cancer
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Signaling by EGFRvIII in Cancer
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Signaling by ERBB2
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Signaling by ERBB2 ECD mutants
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Signaling by ERBB2 KD Mutants
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Signaling by ERBB2 TMD/JMD mutants
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Signaling by ERBB2 in Cancer
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Signaling by ERBB4
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Signaling by Erythropoietin
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Signaling by FGFR
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Signaling by FGFR in disease
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Signaling by FGFR1
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Signaling by FGFR1 amplification mutants
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Signaling by FGFR1 in disease
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Signaling by FGFR2
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Signaling by FGFR2 IIIa TM
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Signaling by FGFR2 amplification mutants
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Signaling by FGFR2 fusions
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Signaling by FGFR2 in disease
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Signaling by FGFR3
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Signaling by FGFR3 fusions in cancer
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Signaling by FGFR3 in disease
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Signaling by FGFR4
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Signaling by FGFR4 in disease
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Signaling by FLT3 ITD and TKD mutants
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Signaling by FLT3 fusion proteins
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Signaling by GPCR
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Signaling by GSK3beta mutants
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Signaling by Hedgehog
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Signaling by Hippo
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Signaling by Insulin receptor
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Signaling by Interleukins
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Signaling by KIT in disease
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Signaling by LRP5 mutants
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Signaling by LTK
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Signaling by LTK in cancer
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Signaling by Leptin
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Signaling by Ligand-Responsive EGFR Variants in Cancer
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Signaling by MAP2K mutants
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Signaling by MAPK mutants
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Signaling by MET
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Signaling by MRAS-complex mutants
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Signaling by MST1
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Signaling by NODAL
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Signaling by NOTCH
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Signaling by NOTCH1
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Signaling by NOTCH1 HD Domain Mutants in Cancer
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Signaling by NOTCH1 HD+PEST Domain Mutants in Cancer
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Signaling by NOTCH1 PEST Domain Mutants in Cancer
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Signaling by NOTCH1 in Cancer
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Signaling by NOTCH1 t(7;9)(NOTCH1:M1580_K2555) Translocation Mutant
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Signaling by NOTCH2
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Signaling by NOTCH3
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Signaling by NOTCH4
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Signaling by NTRK1 (TRKA)
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Signaling by NTRK2 (TRKB)
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Signaling by NTRK3 (TRKC)
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Signaling by NTRKs
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Signaling by Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
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Signaling by Nuclear Receptors
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Signaling by Overexpressed Wild-Type EGFR in Cancer
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Signaling by PDGF
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Signaling by PDGFR in disease
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Signaling by PDGFRA extracellular domain mutants
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Signaling by PDGFRA transmembrane, juxtamembrane and kinase domain mutants
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Signaling by PTK6
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Signaling by RAF1 mutants
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Signaling by RAS GAP mutants
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Signaling by RAS GTPase mutants
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Signaling by RAS mutants
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Signaling by RNF43 mutants
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Signaling by ROBO receptors
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Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
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Signaling by Retinoic Acid
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Signaling by Rho GTPases
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Signaling by Rho GTPases, Miro GTPases and RHOBTB3
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