| Description | Gene-tissue co-occurrence scores from text-mining biomedical abstracts |
| Measurement | association by text-mining |
| Association | protein-tissue associations from automated text-mining of biomedical literature |
| Category | structural or functional annotations |
| Resource | TISSUES |
| Citation(s) | |
| Last Updated | 2015 Feb 02 |
| Stats |
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| API | |
| Script | |
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Attribute Similarity
Gene Attribute
Gene Similarity
4187 sets of proteins co-occuring with tissues in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset.
| Gene Set | Description |
|---|---|
| microvascular endothelial cell | |
| xylem | A complex tissue in the vascular system of higher plants that consists of vessels, tracheids, or both usually together with wood fibers and parenchyma cells, functions chiefly in conduction of water and dissolved minerals but also in support and food storage, and typically constitutes the woody element. |
| neuroepithelioma cell | A rare type of neuroepithelial tumor, usually found in the brain or retina, composed of primitive neuroepithelial cells lining the tubular spaces. |
| midgut cell line | |
| buccal epithelial cell | |
| mandible | 1: The lower jaw of a vertebrate animal. 2: Either the upper or lower part of the beak in birds. |
| fat pad | An accumulation of adipose tissue (fat cells) enclosed in fibrous tissue. |
| adrenal cortex | The outer portion of the adrenal glands that produces several steroid hormones, including cortisol and aldosterone. |
| nugc-3 cell | Human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line established from a 72-year-old male. |
| papillary thyroid cancer cell | Cancer that forms in follicular cells in the thyroid and grows in small finger-like shapes. It grows slowly, is more common in women than in men, and often occurs before age 45. It is the most common type of thyroid cancer. |
| chondrosarcoma cell line | |
| vena cava | Any of the large veins by which in air-breathing vertebrates the blood is returned to the right atrium of the heart. |
| reh cell | Human B cell precursor leukemia established from the peripheral blood of a 15-year-old North African girl with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, ALL at first relapse, in 1973. |
| hig-82 cell | Oryctolagus cuniculus synoviocyte cell line derived from the intrarticular soft tissue from the knee joint of a 6-months-old female rabbit. |
| umbilical vein endothelium | |
| thalamic nucleus | |
| pnt-2 cell | Human normal prostate epithelium cell line immortalized with SV40. |
| anterior visceral endoderm | The anterior visceral endoderm (AVE) is an extra-embryonic tissue required for specifying anterior pattern in the mouse embryo. |
| oocyte | The immature reproductive cell prior to fertilization; it is derived from an oogonium, and is called a primary oocyte prior to completion of the first maturation division, and a secondary oocyte between the first and second maturation division. |
| pharyngeal cell line | |
| endometrial cancer cell line | |
| anaplastic large cell lymphoma cell | An aggressive (rapidly progressing) type of non-Hodgkins lymphoma that is usually of the T-cell type. The cancer cells express a marker called CD30 or Ki-1 on the surface, and may appear in the lymph nodes, skin, bones, soft tissues, lungs, or liver. |
| intersegmental muscle | The short intersegmental muscle is located between the prothorax and the mesothorax. |
| carpel | The female reproductive part of a flower, consisting of stigma, style, and ovary. |
| grx cell | Immortalized murine hepatic stellate cell line. |
| chang cell | Human normal hepatic cell line with epithelial-like morphology. Originally established from liver, HeLa-contaminated. |
| meningioma cell | A cell of a slow-growing tumor of the meninges, occurring most often in adults. |
| tmk-1 cell | Human gastric cancer cell line. |
| mda-mb-435s cell | This cell line was originally described as a spindle shaped variant of the parental MDA-MB-435 strain isolated from the pleural effusion of a 31 year old female with metastatic, ductal adenocarcinoma of the breast. However, recent studies have reported that this line is cross-contaminated with is the M14 melanoma line. |
| cephalothorax | The united head and thorax of an arachnid or higher crustacean. |
| h9 cell | Human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line. |
| cervicovaginal fluid | The fluid of the uterine cervix and the vagina. |
| bronchial bud | An outgrowth from the stem bronchus giving rise to the air passages of its respective pulmonary lobe. |
| tby-2 cell | BY-2 is a cell line of tobacco induced from a pith of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bright Yellow No2 in 1968. This cell line was made by Dr. Kawashima at Hatano Tobacco Experimental Station of Japan Tobacco and Salt Public Cooporation. |
| spiral organ | The organ, resting on the basilar membrane in the cochlear duct, that contains the special sensory receptors for hearing; it consists of neuroepithelial hair cells and several types of supporting cells, including the inner and outer pillar cells, inner and outer phalangeal cells, border cells, and Hensen's cells. |
| sf-539 cell | Human glial tumor cell line; originated from grade IV human glioblastoma biopsy specimens. |
| glomerular epithelium | The inner, or visceral, layer of the renal glomerular capsule, overlying the capillaries, composed of podocytes, and separated from the outer, or parietal, layer by the capsular, Bowman,s space. |
| osteoblast | A cell from which bone develops; a bone-forming cell. |
| mcf-12f cell | Nontumorigenic human mammary epithelial cell line. |
| acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia cell | Acute leukemia distinguished from acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) by the morphology of the marrow and blood leukemic cells. Cytoplasmic granules are usually present and the nucleus is usually large and irregular. ANLL is more common in adults than ALL and occurs at any age. |
| t-98g cell | Human brain glioblastoma multiforme cell line, established from a 61 years old caucasian male. |
| rh-28 cell | Human alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cell line. |
| nerve cord | 1. The pair of closely united ventral longitudinal nerves with their segmental ganglia that is characteristic of many elongate invertebrates (as earthworms). 2. The dorsal tubular cord of nervous tissue above the notochord of a chordate that comprises or develops into the central nervous system. |
| metanephric adenoma cell | A very rare benign renal tumor; only 80 well-documented cases have been reported to date. We have seen several renal tumors that were originally incorrectly diagnosed as metanephric adenoma. |
| um-scc-12 cell | Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell line. |
| promyelocytic leukemia cell line | |
| cecal epithelium | |
| culture filtrate | |
| bc3h1 cell | Mouse brain tumor cell line. Established from a mouse tumor induced by nitrosoethylurea with properties characteristic of muscle; cells were described to synthesize adenylate and creatine phosphokinases. |
| midgut epithelium | For example the midgut epithelium of Wirenia argentea Odhner Mollusca, Solenogastres) is composed of two cell types: dorsal ciliary cells and digestive cells. |
| mesophyll | The photosynthetic parenchyma between the epidermal layers of a foliage leaf. |
| semimembranosus | A large muscle of the inner part and back of the thigh that arises by a thick tendon from the back part of the tuberosity of the ischium, is inserted into the medial condyle of the tibia, and acts to flex the leg and rotate it medially and to extend the thigh. |
| pith | A usually continuous central strand of spongy tissue in the stems of most vascular plants that probably functions chiefly in storage. |
| c6 glioma cell | The glial cell strain, C6, was cloned from a rat glial tumor induced by N-nitrosomethylurea by Benda et al after a series of alternate culture and animal passages. Tissue: brain; glial cell; glioma. Morphology: fibroblast. |
| sw-872 cell | The SW 872 cell line was initiated in 1974 surgical specimen of a fibrosarcoma removed from a 36 year old male Caucasian. The histopathology evaluation reported an undifferentiated malignant tumor consistent with liposarcoma. |
| hn9.10e cell | Embryonic hippocampal cell line. |
| a-375 cell | Skin malignant melanoma cell line; established from a 54 year old human female. |
| yoshida ascites sarcoma cell | |
| vascular cell | A cell of the vascular system. |
| supporting cell | Cells that serve to provide support and protection and perhaps contribute to the nutrition of principal or other cells of certain organs; such cells are found in the labyrinth of the inner ear, organ of Corti, olfactory epithelium, taste buds, and seminiferous tubules (Sertoli's cells). |
| accessory sex gland | Male accessory glands in humans are the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and the bulbourethral glands. In insects, male accessory glands produce products that mix with the sperm to protect and preserve them. |
| morris hepatoma 3924a cell | Rat Morris hepatoma 3924A cell. |
| grey cell | Canine osteosarcoma cell line. |
| urinary bladder endothelium | |
| chondrocyte | Cartilage cells. They make the structural components of cartilage. |
| pleura | The delicate serous membrane that lines each half of the thorax of mammals and is folded back over the surface of the lung of the same side. |
| scgt1 cell | Derived from the mouse hypothalamic cell line GT1, infected with mouse scrapie prions. |
| schwann cell | Named after the German physiologist Theodor Schwann. Schwann cells are a variety of glial cell that keep peripheral nerve fibres (both myelinated and unmyelinated) alive. |
| rpmi-8226 cell | Human multiple myeloma cell line; established from the peripheral blood of a 61-year-old man with multiple myeloma (IgG lambda-type) at diagnosis in 1966; described to produce and secrete only lambda light chains (but not heavy chains). |
| pg-cl3 cell | Cloned PG cell subline. |
| kinetoplastid | Pertaining or relating to protozoa of the order Kinetoplastida. |
| mda-mb-436 cell | Human breast cancer cell line that expresses high levels of seprase as do the carcinoma cells in tumors of human breast cancer patients. |
| prepupa | 1: An inactive stage just before the pupa in the development of certain insects. 2:The form of an insect in this stage. |
| anterior commissure | A bundle of myelinated nerve fibers passing transversely through the lamina terminalis and connecting symmetrical parts of the two cerebral hemispheres; it consists of a smaller anterior part (pars anterior commissurae anterioris) and a larger posterior part (pars posterior commissurae anterioris). |
| nci-h661 cell | Non-small cell lung cancer cell line. |
| nci-h209 cell | Small cell lung cancer cell line. |
| agranular insular cortex | The insular cortex has regions of variable cell structure or cytoarchitecture, changing from granular in the posterior portion to agranular in the anterior portion. |
| decidua | 1: The part of the mucous membrane lining the uterus that in higher placental mammals undergoes special modifications in preparation for and during pregnancy and is cast off at parturition. 2: The part of the mucous membrane of the uterus cast off in the process of menstruation. |
| cend cell | Human brain endothelial cell line cEND. |
| aristotles lantern | Within the mouth of a sea urchin is an elaborate five-sided jaw structure called Aristotles lantern that can be partially extruded from the mouth. It is able to grind up calcareous exoskeletons of plants and animals. |
| sum-52 cell | Human breast cancer cell line. |
| panc-1 cell | Human, Caucasian, pancreas, carcinoma cell line. Established from a pancreatic carcinoma of ductal origin from a 56-year-old Caucasian male. Cells possess the type B phenotype for G6PD. |
| brain microvascular endothelial cell | |
| thecoma cell | A fibroidlike tumor of the ovary containing yellow areas of lipoid material derived from theca cells. It may be associated with excessive production of estrogen and have a tendency to cystic degeneration. These tumors are rarely composed entirely of theca cells; commonly both theca and granulosa cells are found. |
| sp2/0-ag14 cell | SP2/0-AG14 is a hybrid between BALB/c spleen cells and the myeloma cell line P3X63AG8. |
| spinal column | The series of articulated vertebrae, separated by intervertebral disks and held together by muscles and tendons, that extends from the cranium to the coccyx or the end of the tail, encasing the spinal cord and forming the supporting axis of the body; the spine. |
| ins-1 cell | Pancreatic beta -cell line of rat origin. |
| calu-1 cell | Human epidermoid lung carcinoma grade III cell line, established from a Caucasian male 47 years old. |
| female reproductive gland | |
| brown adipose tissue | A mammalian heat-producing tissue occurring especially in human newborns and in hibernators. |
| t-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell | A type of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, ALL, a cancer of the lymphocyte-forming cells called lymphoblasts. |
| wart | A horny projection on the skin usually of the extremities produced by proliferation of the skin papillae and caused by a papillomavirus. |
| rostral migratory stream | In rodents, the anterior region of the SVZ produces neuroblasts that migrate in chain toward the olfactory bulb along the so-called rostral migratory stream (RMS). |
| seg-1 cell | Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| snu-354 cell | Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. |
| free-living state | |
| macrophage cell line | |
| t3m4 cell | Human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| hgec cell | Immortalized human glomerular endothelial cell line. |
| htc-4 cell | Rat hepatoma cell line. |
| endothelium | An epithelium of mesodermal origin composed of a single layer of thin flattened cells that lines internal body cavities. |
| er-1 cell | The ER-1 weakly malignant clonal cell line was derived from a mammary adenocarcinoma that developed spontaneously in a female SHR rat. |
| beas-2b cell | Epithelial cells were isolated from normal human bronchial epithelium obtained from autopsy of non-cancerous individuals. |
| iec-6 cell | Rat normal small intestine cell line. Normal rat epithelial cells from the small intestine; cells were described to synthesize fibronectin and collagen. |
| floret | 1. A small or reduced flower, especially one of the grasses and composite plants, such as a daisy. 2. Any of the tight, branched clusters of flower buds that together form a head of cauliflower or broccoli. |
| ml-1 cell | Human acute myeloblastic leukaemia cell line from human peripheral blood. Morphology: Myoblast. |
| insect labium | A mouthpart of insects. |
| bag cell neuron | Cluster of electrically coupled neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia that are homogeneous, easily dissected out and release peptides that stimulate egg laying. |
| hl-1 cell | A cardiac muscle cell line from the AT-1 mouse atrial cardiomyocyte tumor lineage; established from an adult female Jackson Laboratory-inbred C57BLy6J mouse. |
| pelvic fin | One of the pair of fins positioned on the under-side of the body of a fish. Depending on the species, the pelvic fins can be found in a mid-ventral position underneath or just behind the pectoral fins or in front of the pectorals in the throat region. |
| psammoma body | A psammoma body is a round collection of calcium, seen microscopically. The term is derived from the Greek word psammos meaning sand. Psammoma bodies are commonly seen in certain tumors. |
| pancreas | A large lobulated gland of vertebrates that secretes digestive enzymes and the hormones insulin and glucagon. |
| bc-2 cell | PEL cell line carrying the Epstain-Barr virus (EBV) infection. |
| ut-scc-15 cell | Human squamous cell carcinoma cell line. |
| tta-1 cell | Human undifferentiated thyroid cancer cell line. |
| embryonic fibroblast cell line | |
| theca cell | Lutein cell derived from the theca interna. |
| cell property | |
| conjunctiva | The mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and is continued over the forepart of the eyeball. |
| ileal mucosa | |
| p3x63ag8 cell | Mouse BALB/c plasmacytoma B lymphocyte myeloma cell line. Morphology: lymphoblast. Species: mouse, BALB/c. Tumor: myeloma. |
| anterior chamber of the eye | That portion of the aqueous-containing space between the cornea and the lens which is bounded in front by the cornea and part of the sclera, and behind by the iris, part of the ciliary body, and that part of the lens which presents through the pupil. |
| tepal | A division of the perianth of a flower having a virtually indistinguishable calyx and corolla, as in tulips and lilies. |
| colo-206f cell | |
| superior vena cava | The venous trunk draining blood from the head, neck, upper extremities, and chest; it begins by union of the two brachiocephalic veins, passes directly downward, and empties into the right atrium of the heart. |
| immobilized cell | Cells are immobilized by embedding them for example in Calcium-alginate. |
| hfob 1.19 cell | Human fetal osteoblast cell line. |
| stomach smooth muscle | |
| achene | A small dry indehiscent one-seeded fruit (as of a sunflower) developing from a simple ovary and usually having a thin pericarp attached to the seed at only one point. |
| habenula | A component of the epithalamus, being the small eminence on the dorsomedial surface of the thalamus, just in front of the dorsal commissure on the lateral edge of the habenular trigone. |
| colorectal cell line | |
| vitellarium | The female system is unusual in that it is separated into two structures: the ovaries and the vitellaria, often known as the vitelline glands or yolk glands. The cells of the vitellaria form yolk and eggshell components. |
| storage tissue | |
| embryonic brain | |
| branchial arch | One of a series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of a vertebrate embryo, consist typically of a curved segmented bar or rod on each side meeting the contralateral bar or rod at the ventral end, and correspond to the gill arches of fishes and amphibians. |
| dhl-9 cell | Human histiocytic lymphoma cell line. |
| blast cell | In the monophyletic theory, the least differentiated, totipotential blood cell without commitment as to its particular series, from which all blood cells are derived, preceding a stem cell. |
| ray floret | Small flower with a flat strap-shaped corolla usually occupying the peripheral rings of a composite flower. |
| erythroblast | Any of the nucleated cells normally found only in bone marrow that develop into erythrocytes. |
| peritoneal mesothelium | |
| b-lymphocyte cell line | |
| mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell | Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common primary salivary gland-type tumour of the lung. It arises from the excretory ducts of the bronchial mucosa. |
| vascular smooth muscle | |
| gastric epithelium cell line | |
| placental disc | |
| ht-1080 cell | Human fibrosarcoma cell line; established from the biopsy from a fibrosarcoma of a 35-year-old Caucasian man in 1972; patient did not receive any chemo- or radiotherapy. |
| cholangiocyte | The epithelial cell that lines the bile ducts; Biliary epithelial cells or cholangiocytes line a complex tree-like 3-dimensional network of conduits within the liver that form the biliary tract. |
| ovcar-3 cell | Human caucasian ovary adenocarcinoma cell line; established from a 60 years old caucasian female. |
| muscular coat | An outer layer of smooth muscle surrounding a hollow or tubular organ as the bladder, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine, stomach, ureter, uterus, and vagina that often consists of an inner layer of circular fibers serving to narrow the lumen of the organ and an outer layer of longitudinal fibers serving to shorten its length. |
| lobular carcinoma cell | A cell of an infiltrating (invasive) breast cancer, relatively uncommon, accounting for only 5%-10% of breast tumours in most series. It is often an area of ill-defined thickening in the breast, in contrast to the dominant lump characteristic of ductal carcinoma. It is typically composed of small cells in a linear arrangement with a tendency to grow around ducts and lobules. There is likelihood of axillary nodal involvement with metastasis to meningeal and serosal surfaces. |
| dorsal fin | The unpaired fin located on the back of both bony fish and sharks. It may be single and soft-rayed, as in trout, or double with the anterior dorsal fin supported by fin spines, as in perch. In some species, e.g. eels, the dorsal fin is confluent with the tail fin. |
| whole body | The main part of an animal body especially as distinguished from limbs and head. |
| adipose-derived stromal cell | Adipose-derived stromal cells have been shown to have multiple lineage differentiation properties and to be suitable for tissues regeneration in many degenerative processes. |
| chondrogenic cell | |
| basophil | Mammalian granulocyte with large heterochromatic basophilic granules that contain histamine bound to a protein and heparin-like mucopolysaccharide matrix. They are not phagocytic. Very similar to mast cells though it is not clear whether they have common lineage. |
| spike | An elongated inflorescence similar to a raceme but having the flowers sessile on the main axis. |
| b-lymphoblast cell line | |
| somatic cell | One of the cells of the body that compose the tissues, organs, and parts of that individual other than the germ cells. |
| pr-mel cell | Human melanoma cell line, deficient of mismatch repair genes MMR. |
| chemostat culture | Culture using an apparatus in which the environment is so controlled that bacterial populations are maintained in a steady state of continuous cell division in a constant environment. |
| chago-k-1 cell | Human lung bronchus carcinoma cell line, derived from a bronchogenic carcinoma of a 45-year-old male. |
| iose cell | Nontumorigenic immortalized ovarian surface epithelial cell line. |
| j-96 cell | Human, Caucasian, peripheral blood, subacute leukemia cell line. |
| henles loop cell line | |
| conjunctival epithelium | |
| vas efferens | Any of a number of small ducts that carry semen from the testis to the epididymis. |
| right middle cerebral artery | The left and right middle cerebral arteries rise from trifurcations of the internal carotid arteries and thus are connected to the anterior cerebral arteries and the posterior communicating arteries, which connect to the posterior cerebral arteries. |
| wi-26 cell | Human lung fibroblast cell line. |
| a7r5 cell | Rat embryonic thoracic aorta smooth muscle cell line. The cells exhibit an increase in activity of the enzymes myokinase and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) as the culture reaches stationary phase. Muscle type CPK is synthesized after cell division has ceased. |
| nasopharynx epithelium | The nasopharynx is lined by stratified squamous epithelium and respiratory type epithelium. |
| adult | Fully developed and mature: GROWN-UP. |
| hepatopancreas | Digestive gland of crustaceans with functions approximately analogous to liver and pancreas of vertebrates - enzyme secretion, food absorption and storage. |
| posterior nuclear complex of thalamus | Groups of nerve cells anterior to the pulvinar, forming an ill-defined complex that receives afferents from the spinothalamic tract and superior and inferior colliculi. |
| serous adenocarcinoma cell | Adenocarcinoma from a serous gland producing and containing serous proteinaceous secretions. |
| meningothelial meningioma cell | The most common type of syncytial meningioma, usually benign and lacking papillary whorls and psammoma bodies. |
| nci-h1915 cell | Human non-small cell lung cancer cell line. |
| embryonic cerebral cortex | |
| shoot | A sending out of new growth or the growth sent out: as a stem or branch with its leaves and appendages especially when not yet mature. |
| portal vein | A vein that conducts blood from the digestive organs, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder to the liver. |
| substantia nigra | The substantia nigra is located in the mesencephalon (mid brain) region of the brain. It is part of the basal ganglia. |
| vas deferens | A spermatic duct especially of a higher vertebrate that in the human male is a thick-walled tube about two feet (0.61 meters) long that begins at and is continuous with the tail of the epididymis and eventually joins the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct. |
| juxtaglomerular tumor cell | A rare benign tumor cell of renal juxtaglomerular cells in young men, causing hyperreninemia. |
| mel888 cell | Human melanoma cell line. |
| hyalocyte cell line | |
| aortic smooth muscle cell | |
| preosteoclast | Precursors of an osteoclast. |
| myelocyte | A bone-marrow cell: especially: a motile cell with cytoplasmic granules that gives rise to the blood granulocytes and occurs abnormally in the circulating blood (as in myelogenous leukemia). |
| pes anserinus | The combined tendinous insertion on the medial aspect of the tuberosity of the tibia of the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscles. |
| junctional zone | The murine placenta consists of two main fetally derived compartments: the labyrinthine zone and the junctional zone. |
| wro cell | Follicular thyroid tumor cell line. |
| sk-n-sh cell | Human, Caucasian, bone marrow, neuroblastoma cell line. Species: human, Caucasian female 4 years old; Tissue: bone marrow; Tumor: neuroblastoma. |
| sk-n-as cell | Human, bone marrow, neuroblastoma cell line. Derived from a female patient with neuroblastoma from the metastasis of the bone marrow. |
| vocal fold | Either of two pairs of folds of mucous membrane projecting into the larynx. |
| phycobiont | Phycobionts are usually green algae, Chlorophyceae, yellow-green algae Xanthophyceae, and some other groups of algae. |
| root | The usually underground part of a seed plant body that originates usually from the hypocotyl, functions as an organ of absorption, aeration, and food storage or as a means of anchorage and support, and differs from a stem especially in lacking nodes, buds, and leaves. |
| glomerular endothelial cell | |
| muscle fibre | An elongated contractile cell that forms the muscles of the body. |
| allantois | A vascular fetal membrane of reptiles, birds, and mammals that is formed as a pouch from the hindgut and that in placental mammals is intimately associated with the chorion in formation of the placenta. |
| thyroid primordium | In embryology, organ or tissue in its earliest recognizable stage of development. As, for example, the thyroid primordium. |
| tcmk-1 cell | Mouse normal kidney cell line; SV-40 transfomed. |
| medium spiny neuron | A special type of inhibitory cells representing approximately 90% of the neurons within the corpus striatum of the basal ganglia. They play a key role in initiating and controlling movements of the body, limbs and eyes. |
| gall bladder cancer cell | |
| culture fluid | The liquid culture medium, obtained after filtration of the cell culture. |
| rpmi-2650 cell | Human nasal septum squamous cell carinoma cell line; established from the pleural effusion of a 52-year-old man with anaplastic squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal septum in 1962. |
| 661w cell | Retinal cell culture of murine 661W photoreceptor-derived cells. |
| osteocyte | A cell that is characteristic of adult bone and is isolated in a lacuna of the bone substance. |
| ascites | Accumulation of serous fluid in the spaces between tissues and organs in the cavity of the abdomen. |
| honey | A sweet viscid material elaborated out of the nectar of flowers in the honey sac of various bees. |
| retinal microvascular endothelial cell | |
| mammary gland | The specialized accessory gland of the skin of female mammals that secretes milk. In the human female, it is a compound tubuloalveolar gland composed of 15 to 25 lobes arranged radially about the nipple and separated by connective and adipose tissue, each lobe having its own excretory (lactiferous) duct opening on the nipple. The lobes are subdivided into lobules, with the alveolar ducts and alveoli being the secretory portion of the gland. |
| 41-m cell | Human ovary cancer cell line. |
| plantlet | A small or young plant. |
| ventral nucleus of thalamus | A large group of nuclei lying between the internal medullary lamina and the internal capsule; it includes ventral anterior, ventral intermediate, ventral lateral, ventral medial, ventrobasal and other nuclei, which relay impulses to various specific areas of the cerebral cortex. |
| deutocerebrum | The median lobes of the brain of an insect. |
| saphenous vein endothelial cell | |
| myoblast cell line | |
| dorsal striatum | Those portions of the caudate nucleus and especially the putamen located generally superior to a plane representing the anterior commissure; also called the dorsal basal ganglia; may function in motor activities with cognitive origins. |
| morula | A globular solid mass of blastomeres formed by cleavage of a zygote that typically precedes the blastula. |
| c81-61 cell | Human melanoma cell line. |
| hac cell | Human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line. |
| kg-1a cell | The KG-1A cell line is derived from the KG-1 cell line and is almost identical. |
| rat-2 cell | This line was derived from the a 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine resistant strain of the Fischer rat fibroblast 3T3 like cell line, Rat1. Rat2 lacks detectable nuclear thymidine kinase, is highly transfectable by exogenous DNA and is phenotypically normal. |
| small intestine cell line | |
| hepa 1-6 cell | Mouse hepatoma cell line; derived from the BW7756 tumor that arose in a C57L mouse. |
| cytotrophoblast | The cellular (inner) layer of the trophoblast. |
| blastomere | A cell produced during cleavage of a fertilized egg. |
| non-small cell lung cancer cell line | |
| hl60/adr cell | Acute promyelocytic leukemia resistant to Adriamycin. |
| pachytene cell | A cell in the third stage of prophase I of meiosis, during which the homologous chromosomes are closely paired and crossing-over takes place. |
| mesonephron | The excretory organ of the embryo, arising caudal to the pronephros or pronephric rudiments and using its duct; it consists of a long tube in the lower part of the body cavity, running parallel with the vertebral axis and joined at right angles by a row of twisting tubes. |
| hca-7 cell | HCA-7 cell line was originally derived from human colonic carcinoma. |
| cervical cancer cell line | |
| sum-102 cell | Non-inflammatory human breast cancer cell line. |
| cauda epididymis | The tail of the epididymis. |
| cauline leaf | Of, having, or growing on a stem. Used especially of leaves arising from the upper part of a stem. |
| gut epithelium | |
| hair cell | Hair cells are the sensory receptors of both the auditory system and the vestibular system in all vertebrates. In mammals, the auditory hair cells are located within the organ of Corti on a thin basilar membrane in the cochlea of the inner ear. |
| ring gland | Hormonal cells involved in the production and release of ecdysone and juvenile hormone. |
| rhabdomyocyte | Large single cells, either cylindrical or prismatic in shape, that form the basic unit of muscle tissue. They consist of a soft contractile substance enclosed in a tubular sheath. |
| ctll-2 cell | Mouse, C57BL/6, T-lymphocyte cell line. |
| abdomen | 1: The part of the body between the thorax and the pelvis; also: the cavity of this part of the trunk containing the chief viscera. 2: The posterior section of the body behind the thorax in an arthropod. |
| corneocyte | The remains of a keratinocyte; it is shed by the stratum corneum. |
| retinoblastoma cell | A malignant congenital blastoma, occurring in both hereditary and sporadic forms, composed of tumor cells arising from the retinoblasts, appearing in one or both eyes in children under 5 years of age, and usually diagnosed initially by a bright white or yellow pupillary reflex -leukokoria. |
| carotid artery endothelium | |
| root culture | Generally excised root is cultured in liquid medium. The techniques of root culture give certain important informations such as nutritional requirements, infection by Rhizobium and nodulation and physiological activities, for example, production of alkaloids and nicotine. |
| tail fin cell line | |
| min-6 cell | The murine insulinoma MIN6 cell line derived from in vivo immortalized insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells. |
| bw-5147.3 cell | This line is a clone of the BW5147 cell line which was established from a spontaneous AKR/J thymoma. |
| cho-mg cell | A mutant of CHO cells resistant to the drug, methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG). |
| midbrain | The middle of the three primary divisions of the developing vertebrate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain. |
| adult t-cell lymphoma cell | A cell of a malignancy of mature T lymphocytes with onset in adulthood, believed to be caused by human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and characterized by circulating pleomorphic malignant lymphocytes, skin lesions, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, hypercalcemia, and lytic bone lesions; its course may be subacute or chronic. |
| esophageal epithelium | |
| t-lymphoblastic leukemia cell line | |
| m cell | A unique, relatively rare intestinal epithelial cell type specialized for transepithelial transport of macromolecules, particles, and microorganisms. M cells in many species, including humans can be identified by morphological features such as their flattened apical surfaces and intraepithelial pockets containing lymphoid cells. |
| cysticercus | The larval form of any of the Taenia tapeworms. |
| sublingual gland | Gland situated or administered under the tongue; the smallest of the three salivary glands, occurring in pairs, predominantly mucous in type, and draining into the oral cavity through 10 to 30 sublingual ducts. |
| 3-ll cell | Murine lewis lung carcinoma cell line. |
| t-rex 293 cell | Human embryonic kidney cell line stably expressing the tetracycline (Tet) repressor. |
| prefrontal cortex | The prefrontal cortex is the anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas. |
| detroit 562 cell | Human, Caucasian female, pharynx, carcinoma cell line. |
| perivascular astrocyte | Astrocyte located around the blood vessels. |
| um-scc-1 cell | Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell line. |
| encysting cell | A cell beeing in the process of forming a cyst or becoming enclosed in a capsule. |
| carotid body | A small cluster of chemoreceptive and supporting cells located near the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The carotid body, which is richly supplied with fenestrated capillaries, senses the pH, carbon dioxide, and oxygen concentrations in the blood and plays a crucial role in their homeostatic control. |
| circular smooth muscle | The inner layer of the muscular coat. |
| serous acinar cell | |
| wing | 1: One of the movable feathered or membranous paired appendages by means of which a bird, bat, or insect is able to fly; also: such an appendage even though rudimentary if possessed by an animal belonging to a group characterized by the power of flight. 2: Any of various anatomical structures especially of a flying fish or flying lemur providing means of limited flight. |
| cerebral lobe | The well defined areas of the cerebral cortex, demarcated by fissures, sulci, and arbitrary lines, including the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. |
| fetus | An unborn or unhatched vertebrate especially after attaining the basic structural plan of its kind; specifically: a developing human from usually three months after conception to birth. |
| angiomyolipoma cell line | |
| sprout | A young shoot (as from a seed or root). |
| floral meristem | A meristem that gives rise to a flower. |
| pleural mesothelioma cell line | |
| antheridium | An organ in certain organisms that produces male gametes. Antheridia are found in many groups of organisms, including the bryophytes, ferns, ascomycete fungi, and some algae. |
| oe-21 cell | Esophageal cancer cell line. |
| adrenal gland cancer cell | Adrenal gland cancers are rare cancers occuring in the endocrine tissue of the adrenals. They are characterized by overproduction of adrenal gland hormones. |
| microglia | The small, non-neural, interstitial cells of mesodermal origin that form part of the supporting structure of the central nervous system. They are of various forms and may have slender branched processes. They are migratory and act as phagocytes to waste products of nerve tissue. |
| mdck-2 cell | Cell line was derived by cloning the parental cell line MDCK. |
| internal plexiform layer | |
| blastema | A group of cells that give rise to a new individual, in asexual reproduction, or to an organ or part, in either normal development or in regeneration. |
| bladder wall | |
| neural stem cell | Neural stem cells are the multipotent stem cells that generate nerve cells. However, since the early 1990s, neural stem cells have been isolated from the adult brain as well as fetal brain tissues. Stem cells in the adult brain are found in the areas called the subventricular zone and the ventricle zone. Another location of brain stem cells occurs in the hippocampus, a special structure of the cerebral cortex related to memory function. Stem cells isolated from these areas are able to divide and to give rise to nerve cells and neuron-supporting cell types in culture. |
| lymphoblast | Often referred to as a blast cell. Unlike other usages of the suffix -blast a lymphoblast is a further differentiation of a lymphocyte, T- or B-, occasioned by an antigenic stimulus. The lymphoblast usually develops by enlargement of a lymphocyte, active re-entry to the S phase of the cell cycle, mitogenesis and production of much m-RNA and ribosomes. |
| pro-b-lymphocyte | B cell differentiation and maturation occurs at the progression from pro-B to pre-B and into the mature B cell stages. |
| pos cell | Canine osteosarcoma cell line. |
| prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia cell | A premalignant change arising in the prostatic epithelium, regarded as the most important and most likely precursor of prostatic adenocarcinoma. The neoplasia takes the form of an intra-acinar or ductal proliferation of secretory cells with unequivocal nuclear anaplasia, which corresponds to nuclear grade 2 and 3 invasive prostate cancer. |
| oviductal ampulla | The thin-walled, almost muscle-free, midregion of the uterine tube; its mucosa is greatly plicated. |
| fiddlehead | The coiled young frond of any of various ferns, some of which are considered a delicacy when cooked. |
| adrenal gland | Either of a pair of complex endocrine organs near the anterior medial border of the kidney consisting of a mesodermal cortex that produces glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgenic hormones and an ectodermal medulla that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine. |
| k6h6/b5 cell | Mouse/human hybrid myeloma cell line. Heterohybridoma cell line. |
| adenoid cystic carcinoma cell | A type of cancer that most often develops in the salivary glands of the head and neck. It may arise in other sites such as the skin, lacrimal gland, trachea, breast, cervix and prostate. |
| sacrospinalis | A muscle that extends the length of the back and neck, that arises from the iliac crest, the sacrum, and the lumbar and two lower thoracic vertebrae, and that splits in the upper lumbar region into three divisions of which the lateral is made up of the three iliocostalis muscles, the intermediate is made up of the three longissimus muscles, and the medial is made up of the three spinalis muscles. |
| epipodite | The outer branch of the legs in certain Crustacea. |
| promyelocytic leukemia cell | A cell of a type of acute myeloid leukemia, a quickly progressing disease in which too many immature blood-forming cells are found in the blood and bone marrow. |
| colonic cancer cell line | |
| renal inner medulla | The inner part of the substance of the kidney, composed chiefly of collecting tubule elements, loops of Henle, and vasa recta, organized grossly into pyramids. |
| fin | An external membranous process of an aquatic animal as a fish used in propelling or guiding the body. |
| ls174t-hm7 cell | High-mucin variant cell line, derived from parental cell line LS174T. |
| plc-prf-5 cell | Human malignant liver hepatoma cell line; established from a 24-years-old human male. The line was originally contaminated with mycoplasma, and was cured by treatment with BM-cycline. The cells secrete HBsAg. |
| cl1-4 cell | Human lung adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| inner nuclear layer | The layer of the retina composed of the cell bodies of bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and some of the cell bodies of amacrine cells. |
| ov-202 cell | Human epithelial ovarian carcinoma cell line. |
| sf-295 cell | Human glioblastoma cell line. |
| alphat3-1 cell | Mouse pituitary tumor cell line. |
| meibomian gland | One of the long sebaceous glands of the eyelids that discharge a fatty secretion which lubricates the eyelids. |
| g-292 cell | Human osteosarcoma cell line. |
| ct-26 cell | Murine colon carcinoma cell line. |
| corpus albicans | White fibrous tissue that replaces the regressing corpus luteum in the human ovary in the latter half of pregnancy, or soon after ovulation when pregnancy does not supervene. |
| bradyzoite | A small, comma-shaped form of Toxoplasma gondii, found in clusters enclosed by an irregular wall (pseudocyst) in the tissues, chiefly muscles and the brain, in chronic (latent) toxoplasmosis; considered to be the slow-growing form. |
| tentacle | Any of various elongate flexible usually tactile or prehensile processes borne by animals and especially invertebrates chiefly on the head or about the mouth. |
| umbilical artery endothelial cell line | |
| rfl-6 cell | Rat fetal lung fibroblast cell line. |
| sf-188 cell | Human glioma cell line. |
| nci-h358 cell | Human non-small cell lung cancer cell line; established from bronchioalvealoar carcinoma of lung. |
| cerebral ganglion | The cerebral ganglia are primarily sensual centres, that compute information from the eyes as well as from the tactile and position sensors (statocystes). Besides coordination they also serve the locational memory of a snail. |
| synovial fibroblast | |
| salivary gland epithelium | |
| burkitt lymphoma cell line | |
| a-1207 cell | |
| mgc-803 cell | Human gastric cancer cell line. |
| neurilemoma cell line | |
| saphenous vein | Either of two main superficial veins of the leg, one larger than the other, that begin at the foot. |
| medial amygdaloid nucleus | A nucleus in the corticomedial part of the amygdaloid body. |
| aorta endothelium | Simple squamous epithelium which lines the lumen side of the blood vessel. |
| t-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell | 2-5% of all chronic lymphoproliferative disorders in the West, and 5-6% in the Chinese population. Large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) with the nucleus of a small lymphocyte but abundant cytoplasm and fine or coarse azurophilic granules; ultrastructural examination may reveal characteristic parallel tubular arrays; the LGLs are often >2x109/L. |
| saphenous vein endothelium | |
| merocrine gland | One in which the secretory cells maintain their integrity throughout the secretory cycle. |
| bone | The hard form of connective tissue that constitutes the majority of the skeleton of most vertebrates; it consists of an organic component (the cells and matrix) and an inorganic, or mineral, component; the matrix contains a framework of collagenous fibers and is impregnated with the mineral component, chiefly calcium phosphate (85 per cent) and calcium carbonate (10 per cent), which imparts the quality of rigidity to bone. |
| intestinal mucosa | The surface lining of the intestines where the cells absorb nutrients. |
| peltate gland | The monoterpene fraction of the lemon-scented sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) cv Sweet Dani consists mostly of citral (a mixture of geranial and neral), with lower levels of geraniol and nerol. These compounds are stored in the peltate glands found on the leaf epidermis. Younger leaves, which have a higher density of such glands, also have a higher content of monoterpenes than older leaves. |
| cne-2 cell | Human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line. |
| colon ascendens | The portion of the colon between the cecum and the right colic flexure. |
| prepuce | A fold of skin that covers the glans of the penis. |
| ln-444 cell | Human glioblastoma cell line. |
| macula lutea | An irregular yellowish depression on the retina, about 3 degrees wide, lateral to and slightly below the optic disk; it is the site of absorption of short wavelengths of light, and it is thought that its variation in size, shape, and coloring may be related to variant types of color vision. |
| muscular system | The bodily system that is composed of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle tissue and functions in movement of the body or of materials through the body, maintenance of posture, and heat production. |
| colonic adenocarcinoma cell line | |
| hindbrain | The posterior of the three primary divisions of the developing vertebrate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain that includes the cerebellum, the medulla oblongata, and in mammals the pons and that controls autonomic functions and equilibrium. |
| zygote | Diploid cell resulting from the fusion of male and female gametes at fertilization. |
| primary effusion lymphoma cell line | Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a peculiar type of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that has been recently recognized as an individual clinico-pathologic category based on the consistent infection of the tumor clone by human herpesvirus type-8 (HHV-8) and the distinctiveness of its clinical and biologic features. Although immunogenotypic studies have confirmed that PEL belongs in all cases to the B cell lineage, the overwhelming majority of cases exhibit a non-B, non-T (ie indeterminate) phenotype, lacking expression of surface immunoglobulins and common B cell associated antigens. |
| anococcygeus muscle | The anococcygeus muscle (AcM) is one of a pair of thin sheets of smooth muscle inserting on the rectum, having a tendinous origin largely on sacral vertebrae. |
| human lung microvascular endothelial cell | |
| hsc-2 cell | Human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line; established from a 69-years-old man. |
| u-1285 cell | Small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCC). The U-1285 line was derived from the classical small cell type of SCC. |
| mca-rh7777 cell | Liver, hepatoma; Morris hepatoma 7777 cell line, established from a rattus norvegicus female. |
| hle-b3 cell | Human lens epithelial cell line. |
| procyclic form | African trypanosomes have a digenetic life cycle, which includes growth in the bloodstream and tissue spaces of a mammalian host and several distinct developmental stages, including the procyclic form, in an insect host, Glossina spp., tsetse fly. |
| tonsil | The human palatine tonsils and the nasopharyngeal tonsil are lymphoepithelial tissues located in strategic areas of the oropharynx and nasopharynx, although most commonly, the term tonsils refers to the palatine tonsils that can be seen in the back of the throat. |
| hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line | |
| neuroendocrine tumor cell line | |
| right colon | The proximal portion of the colon, extending from the ileocecal valve usually to a point proximal to the left colic flexure; it develops embryonically from the terminal portion of the midgut and functions in absorption. |
| prostate cancer cell line | |
| hsc-t6 cell | Immortalized rat hepatic stellate cell line. |
| brain endothelium cell line | |
| stratum corneum | The horny outer layer of the epidermis, consisting mainly of dead or peeling cells. |
| shoot tip | The terminal bud (0.1 - 1.0 mm) of a plant, which consists of the apical meristem (0.05 - 0.1 mm) and the immediate surrounding leaf primordia and developing leaves and adjacent stem tissue. |
| lateral septal area | The lateral septal area; largest nuclear mass in this region, plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes, such as aggression, emotion, thermoregulation, water and food intake and sexual behaviour. |
| atrial appendage | The ear-shaped appendage of either atrium of the heart. |
| p-388d1 cell | Lymphoma cell line, established from mus musculus DBA/2. Tumors develop within 21 days at 100% frequency in nude mice inoculated subcutaneously with 10(7) cells. |
| gastrula | An early metazoan embryo in which the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm are established either by invagination of the blastula (as in fish and amphibians) to form a multilayered cellular cup with a blastopore opening into the archenteron or by differentiation of the blastodisc (as in reptiles, birds, and mammals) and inward cellular migration. |
| hei-oc1 cell | House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 cell line. |
| carcass | A dead body. |
| ovarian surface epithelial cell | |
| bnl cl.2 cell | Mus musculus BALB/c liver cell line; established from an embryo. |
| colonic epithelium cell line | |
| tsu-pr1 cell | Human prostate epithelial carcinoma cell line. |
| hsc-pq cell | Immortalized rat hepatic stellate cell line. |
| alimentary canal | The mucous membrane-lined tube of the digestive system through which food passes, in which digestion takes place, and from which wastes are eliminated. It extends from the mouth to the anus and includes the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. |
| ramos cell | Human Caucasian Burkitt's lymphoma cell line. Derived from a Burkitt's lymphoma which does not possess the EBV genome. |
| retinal pigment epithelium cell line | |
| sn-12c cell | Human renal cell carcinoma cell line. |
| rt-2 cell | Rat glioblastoma cell line. |
| 3t6-swiss albino cell | The 3T6 cell line is a collagen and hyaluronic acid secreting line established by G. Todaro and H. Green in 1963 from disaggregated Swiss mouse embryos. |
| large intestine | The more terminal division of the vertebrate intestine that is wider and shorter than the small intestine, typically divided into cecum, colon, and rectum, and concerned especially with the resorption of water and the formation of feces. |
| brodmann area 26 | In the human this area is called ectosplenial area 26. It is a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the retrosplenial region of the cerebral cortex. It is a narrow band located in the isthmus of cingulate gyrus adjacent to the fasciolar gyrus internally. It is bounded externally by the granular retrolimbic area 29. |
| trophoblast | A thin layer of ectoderm that forms the wall of many mammalian blastulas and functions in the nutrition and implantation of the embryo. |
| d-283med cell | Human medulloblastoma cell line. |
| inferior mesenteric artery | Origin: Abdominal aorta, branches, left colic, sigmoid, and superior rectal arteries. Distribution: descending colon, rectum. |
| mammary duct | Channel conveying the milk secreted by the lobes of the breast to and through the nipples. |
| oviduct | Either of a pair of slender ducts through which ova pass from the ovaries to the uterus in the female reproductive system of humans and higher mammals. |
| lewis lung carcinoma cell line | |
| su.86.86 cell | Homo sapiens (human) pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line. The line was developed from a wedge biosy of a liver metastasis of a pancreatic ductal carcinoma. |
| dental plaque | A soft, thin film of food debris, mucin, and dead epithelial cells deposited on the teeth, providing the medium for the growth of various bacteria. The main inorganic components are calcium and phosphorus, with small amounts of magnesium, potassium, and sodium; the organic matrix consists of polysaccharides, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and other components. Plaque plays an important etiologic role in the development of dental caries and periodontal and gingival diseases and provides the base for the development of materia alba; calcified plaque forms dental calculus. |
| egg yolk | The yellow spheroidal mass of stored food that forms the inner portion of the egg of a bird or reptile and is surrounded by the white. |
| myoma cell | A cell of a benign tumor made up of muscular elements. |
| cell culture | Cells taken from a living organism and grown under controlled conditions (in culture). Methods used to maintain cell lines or strains. |
| mantle muscle | |
| megakaryocyte | A large cell that has a lobulated nucleus, is found especially in the bone marrow, and is the source of blood platelets. |
| nd-1 cell | Prostate carcinoma cell line. |
| anterior paraventricular nucleus | The anterior of the two nuclei paraventriculares thalami. |
| plant ovary | The enlarged rounded usually basal portion of the pistil or gynoecium of an angiospermous plant that bears the ovules and consists of one or more carpels. |
| jejunal epithelium | |
| intestinal cancer cell | |
| small intestine mucosa | |
| testicular vein | Either of the testicular veins. |
| zona incerta | A narrow layer of gray matter extending throughout most of the diencephalon, ventral to and separated from the thalamus by the thalamic fasciculus and laterally continuous with the reticular nucleus of the thalamus. |
| monocytic leukemia cell | A cell of leukemia characterized by the proliferation of monocytes and monoblasts in the blood. |
| coronary artery smooth muscle | |
| nci-h322 cell | Non-small cell lung cancer cell line. |
| colonocyte | |
| nci-h660 cell | Homo sapiens (human) lung; small cell lung cancer cell line, extrapulmonary origin; established from a 63 years adult caucasian male. Morphology: epithelial; cell type: neuroendocrine; Tumor stage E; derived from metastatic site: lymph node. |
| het-1a cell | Human esophageal cell line; derived in 1986 from human esophageal autopsy tissue by transfection with plasmid pRSV-T consisting of the RSV-LTR promoter and the sequence encoding the simian virus 40 large T-antigen. |
| blastopore | During gastrulation cells on the surface of the embryo move into the interior to form the mesoderm and endoderm. The opening formed by this invagination of cells is the blastopore. It is an opening from the archenteron, the primitive gut, to the exterior. In some animals this opening becomes the anus, whilst in others it closes up and the anus opens at the same spot or nearby. |
| leaf bud | A bud that develops into a leafy shoot and does not produce flowers. |
| human cardiac microvascular endothelial cell | HCMEC are isolated from heart ventricles from a single donor. |
| lymphoid dendritic cell | Dendritic cells that develop from lymphoid precursors. |
| hoof | A hoofed foot especially of a horse. |
| gastric corpus | That part of the stomach between the fundus and the pyloric part. |
| wi-38 cell | Human embryonic lung fibroblast cell line. The WI-38 human diploid cell line was derived by Leonard Hayflick from normal embryonic (3 months gestation) lung tissue. |
| hpac cell | A pancreatic adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line derived in 1985 from a nude mouse xenograft of a primary tumor removed from the head of the pancreas of a woman with moderate to well differentiated pancreatic adenocarcinoma of ductal origin. |
| epiphyseal growth plate | The disk or plate of cartilage interposed between the epiphysis and the shaft of the bone during the period of growth; by its growth the bone increases in length. |
| epiglottis | Thin leaf-shaped cartilage, covered with mucous membrane, at the root of the tongue, which folds back over the entrance to the larynx, covering it, during the act of swallowing. |
| myc-cap cell | Androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line. |
| cgr-8 cell | Mouse embryonic stem cell line. The germ-line competent cell line CGR8 was established from the inner cell mass of a 3.5 day male pre-implantation mouse embryo; mus musculus, strain 129. |
| oral cancer cell | Cancer within the mouth. |
| ventral posterior nucleus | The region traditionally described as the ventroposterior nucleus (VP) is a composite of VP proper and parts of the ventroposterior inferior nucleus. |
| microvascular endothelial cell line | |
| gut cavity | |
| ma-1 cell | Non-small cell lung cancer cell line. |
| osteogenic cell line | |
| scaber cell | Human urinary bladder squamous cell carcinoma cell line; established from a 58 years old black men. |
| a-375p cell | Human melanoma cell line. |
| seminal plasma | The fluid portion of the semen, in which the spermatozoa are suspended. |
| hairy cell leukemia cell | A form of chronic leukemia marked by splenomegaly and the large, mononuclear, villus-covered cells called hairy cells in the bone marrow, spleen, liver, and peripheral blood. |
| sympathetic ganglion | Any of the aggregations of cell bodies of primarily adrenergic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system, including the ganglia of the sympathetic trunks, the intermediate ganglia, the prevertebral ganglia, and some ganglionic cells in the autonomic plexuses. |
| alveolar sac | Each large alveolar sac is like a grape cluster which contains ten or more alveoli. |
| endothelial progenitor cell | A controversial and hypothetical population of rare cells believed to circulate in the blood with the ability to differentiate into endothelial cells, the cells that make up the lining of blood vessels. |
| bv173 cell | B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line. |
| intestine | The tubular part of the alimentary canal that extends from the stomach to the anus. |
| bony labyrinth | The bony part of the internal ear. |
| goblet cell | A unicellular mucous gland found in the epithelium of various mucous membranes, especially that of the respiratory passages and intestines. Droplets of mucigen collect in the upper part of the cell and distend it, while the basal end remains slender, and the cell assumes the shape of a goblet. |
| pancreatic cancer cell line | |
| nci-h1703 cell | Non-small cell lung cancer cell line. |
| velum | The locomotory and feeding organ, found in the larval veliger stage of bivalves. |
| eccrine sweat gland | An ordinary, or simple, sweat gland; they are of the merocrine type, unbranched, coiled, tubular glands that are distributed over almost all of the body surface, and promote cooling by evaporation of their secretion. |
| papilloma cell | A cell of small benign epithelial tumor, such as a wart, consisting of an overgrowth of cells on a core of smooth connective tissue. |
| striated muscle cell | An elongated contractile cell in striated muscle tissue. |
| stipule | Either of a pair of appendages borne at the base of the leaf in many plants. |
| kb-v1 cell | Human cervix carcinoma cell line resistant to vinblastine; a multidrug-resistant (mdr) subclone derived from KB-3-1. |
| motor trigeminal nucleus | |
| inner hair cell | Any of approximately 3,500 hair cells, situated in the organ of Corti, specialized as transducers of sound waves into nerve impulses and believed to encode information about the frequency of sound. So called because they are further from the outside of the cochlea than are the outer hair cells. |
| inferior olivary complex | A folded band of gray matter that encloses a white core (hilum nuclei olivaris inferioris) and that produces the elevation called the oliva on the medulla oblongata. It is a nuclear complex that receives heavy projections from the spinal cord, mesencephalon, and cerebral cortex and projects fibers via the contralateral inferior cerebellar peduncle, mostly to the neocerebellum, with a few going to the vermis. |
| 16-hbe14o cell | Human bronchial epithelial cell line. |
| macroglia | Neuroglial cells of ectodermal origin, i.e., the astrocytes and oligodendrocytes considered together. Originally, the term was used for the astrocytes alone. |
| ser-w3 cell | Rat Sertoli cell line. |
| hb4a cell | Mammary epithelial cell line; derived by the immortalization of highly-purified preparations of normal human mammary luminal epithelium. |
| hair follicle | The tubular epithelial sheath that surrounds the lower part of the hair shaft and encloses at the bottom a vascular papilla supplying the growing basal part of the hair with nourishment. |
| cribriform plate | The horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone perforated with numerous foramina for the passage of the olfactory nerve filaments from the nasal cavity. |
| photoreceptor | A specialized cell type in a multicellular organism that is sensitive to light. This definition excludes single-celled organisms, but includes non-eye receptors, such as snake infra-red detectors or photosensitive pineal gland cells. |
| cavernous artery | Any of several small branches of the internal carotid artery that supply the trigeminal ganglion and the walls of the cavernous and petrosal sinuses. |
| cambium | A thin formative layer between the xylem and phloem of most vascular plants that gives rise to new cells and is responsible for secondary growth; A lateral meristem in vascular plants, including the vascular cambium and cork cambium, that forms parallel rows of cells resulting in secondary tissues. |
| urogenital system | The urinary system and genital system considered together. |
| bed nucleus of stria terminalis | Neural nuclei situated in the septal region. They have afferent and cholinergic efferent connections with a variety of forebrain and brainstem areas including the hippocampus, the lateral hypothalamus, the tegmentum, and the amygdala. Included are the dorsal, lateral, medial, and triangular septal nuclei, septofimbrial nucleus, nucleus of diagonal band, nucleus of anterior commissure, and the nucleus of stria terminalis. |
| pc-1 cell | Hamster pancreatic cancer cell line. |
| cl1-3 cell | Human lung adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| h4 neuroglioma cell | Human brain neuroglioma H4 cell line, established from a 37 years old caucasian male. |
| dc-3f cell | Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cell line. |
| blm cell | The human melanoma cell line BLM has been established from surgically removed melanoma metastases. |
| asynchronous muscle | Asynchronous muscle is that type of muscle which, when turned on by neural input and resulting muscle action potentials, can contract in an oscillatory manner if attached to an appropriate, resonant load such as is offered in life by an insects wings and thorax. The frequency of the oscillatory contractions is different from, and typically much higher than, that of the activating neuronal impulses. Asynchronous muscle is so-named because during oscillation there is no direct correspondence between individual muscle contractions and muscle action potentials, which contrasts with synchronous muscle in which there is a 1:1 correspondence between muscle contractions and muscle action potentials or bursts of action potentials. Asynchronous muscle is only known to occur in insects. The muscles that power flight in dipteran flies, beetles, many of the true bugs and in some, but perhaps not all, bees and wasps are asynchronous muscles, as are the singing muscles of some cicadas. |
| pc-14 cell | Human lung adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| mkn-45 cell | Human gastric adenocarcinoma, established from the poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach (medullary type) of a 62-year-old woman. |
| ls-180 cell | Human, Caucasian, colon, adenocarcinoma, colorectal, cell line. Morphology: epithelial; Species: human, Caucasian female 58 year old; Tissue: colon; Tumor: adenocarcinoma, colorectal. |
| tov-21g cell | This cell line was initiated in October of 1991 from a patient of French-Canadian descent with no family history of ovarian cancer. |
| gastric epithelium | Epithelium of the stomach. |
| colo-201 cell | Human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| inferior vena cava | The venous trunk for the lower extremities and for the pelvic and abdominal viscera; it begins at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra by union of the common iliac veins, passes upward on the right of the aorta, and empties into the right atrium of the heart. |
| transitional cell carcinoma cell line | |
| mgh-ui cell | Human bladder tumor (transitional cell carcinoma) cell line. |
| anus | The posterior opening of the alimentary canal. |
| nci-h82 cell | Small cell lung cancer cell line. |
| thoracic leg | The arthropod leg is a form of jointed appendage of arthropods, usually used for walking. Many of the terms used for arthropod leg segments (called podomeres) are of Latin origin, and may be confused with terms for bones: coxa (meaning hip), trochanter, femur, tibia, tarsus, ischium, metatarsus, carpus, dactylus (meaning finger), patella. The typical thoracic leg of an adult insect is adapted for running, rather than for digging, leaping, swimming, predation or the like. |
| hk-1 cell | EBV-negative nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line. |
| mr-mel cell | Human melanoma cell line, deficient of mismatch repair genes MMR. |
| lens fiber | |
| mononuclear phagocyte | Any cell of the monocyte-macrophage lineage, including macrophages, monocytes, and their precursors in the monocytic series. |
| seed | A matured ovule containing an embryo and food supply and covered by a seed coat. |
| ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus | A nucleus anteriorly located within the ventral nuclei of the thalamus, posterior to the reticular nucleus, anterior to the ventral lateral nucleus, and lateral and medial to the internal and external medullary laminae, respectively; it is subdivided into magnocellular and principal divisions. |
| b35 cell | Rattus norvegicus (rat) central nervous system (CNS) neuroblastoma cell line. Rats were inoculated with N-nitrosoethylurea (NEU) 15 days after conception. Tumors found in the central nervous system (CNS) 4 to 10 months after birth were excised, minced, adapted to culture and cloned. |
| pc-346c cell | Androgen-dependent human prostate cancer cell line. |
| meristem | A formative plant tissue usually made up of small cells capable of dividing indefinitely and giving rise to similar cells or to cells that differentiate to produce the definitive tissues and organs. |
| zr-75-30 cell | Human mammary gland ductal carcinoma cell line; derived from malignant ascites fluid from a 47-year-old premenopausal Black woman with infiltrating ductal carcinoma. |
| h9c2 cell | Rat DB1X heart myoblast cell line. |
| plant primordium | A cell or organ in its initial stage of development. |
| sgs cell | Rat Galliera sarcoma cell line from a 2 months old rat Galliera; Tumor: sarcoma Viruses: contains SG-RaLV (Retrovirus type C). |
| sw-1736 cell | Cell line derived from anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. |
| supportive connective tissue | Classified as supportive connective tissue are bone, osseous tissue, that makes up virtually the entire skeleton in adult vertebrates and cartilage makes up virtually the entire skeleton in chondrichthyes. In most other vertebrates, it is found primarily in joints, where it provides cushioning. |
| parietal trophoblast giant cell | |
| ht-29-mtx cell | A colon carcinoma cell line. A subpopulation derived from the HT-29 cell line containing cells committed to differentiation into mucin-secreting cells (HT-29 MTX). |
| osteoclast stem cell | |
| thoracic ganglion | Any of the ganglia of the sympathetic chain in the thoracic region that occur in 12 or fewer pairs. |
| reticulopodium | A filamentous pseudopodium with interconnected branches. |
| coelom | The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities. |
| aorta thoracica | Thoracic part of aorta: the proximal portion of the descending aorta, which proceeds from the arch of the aorta and gives rise to the bronchial, esophageal, pericardiac, and mediastinal branches, and the superior phrenic, posterior intercostal III to XI, and subcostal arteries; it is continuous through the diaphragm with the abdominal aorta. |
| genital chamber | A copulatory invagination. In females, sometimes forms a tubular vagina that is often developed to form a bursa copulatrix. In males, a ventral invagination containing the phallic organs. |
| tibia | The shin bone: the inner and larger bone of the leg below the knee; it articulates with the femur and head of the fibula above and with the talus below. |
| globus pallidus | The smaller and more medial part of the lentiform nucleus of the brain, separated from the putamen by the lateral medullary lamina. In official anatomic nomenclature, it is divided by the medial medullary lamina into two parts, lateral and medial, both of which have extensive connections with the corpus striatum, thalamus, and mesencephalon. The paleostriatum is the phylogenetically older part of the corpus striatum represented by the globus pallidus. |
| brain microvascular endothelial cell line | |
| bloodstream form | When living in the mammalian bloodstream T. brucei has neither a functional Krebs cycle nor oxidative phosphorylation nor does it store any carbohydrates. In the bloodstream form. Its metabolism is restricted to the glycolytic pathway alone. |
| erpp cell | ER-1 cells converted into highly tumorigenic and metastatic cells, ERpP, by subcutaneous co-inoculation with plastic plates. |
| extraembryonic tissue | The structure outside the embryonic body; e.g., those membranes involved with the embryos protection and nutrition which are discarded at birth without being incorporated in its body. |
| pituitary gland cell line | |
| ectoplacental cone | The thickened trophoblast of the blastocyst in rodents that becomes the fetal portion of the placenta. |
| meconium | A dark greenish mass that accumulates in the bowel during fetal life and is discharged shortly after birth. |
| mouth | The natural opening through which food passes into the body of an animal and which in vertebrates is typically bounded externally by the lips and internally by the pharynx and encloses the tongue, gums, and teeth. |
| vero c1008 cell | This line is a clone of VERO 76. |
| neural retina | Layer of nerve cells in the retina, embryologically part of the brain. The incoming light passes through nerve-fibres and intermediary nerve cells of the neural retina, before encountering the light-sensitive rods and cones at the interface between neural retina and the pigmented retinal epithelium. |
| ganglioglioma cell | A ganglioneuroma in the central nervous system. |
| sarcomatoid carcinoma cell | Sarcomatoid carcinoma (SARC) of the lung is defined in the most recent World Health Organization classification as poorly differentiated non-small cell carcinoma that contains a component of sarcoma or sarcoma-like elements. SARC tumors often occur as part of a heterogeneous lung tumor, rather than a tumor consisting of a pure cell type, and most pathologic series classify lung cancer as SARC when at least 10% of the tumor is composed of a sarcomatoid element based on histologic appearance and tissue marker studies. |
| pharyngeal muscle | The muscular coat of the pharynx, consisting of The three constrictor muscles and the stylopharyngeal, salpingopharyngeal, and palatopharyngeal muscles. |
| keratinocyte | Skin cell, of the keratinized layer of epidermis: its characteristic intermediate filament protein is cytokeratin. A cell of the stratum spinosum of the epidermis. |
| inferior frontal gyrus | A gyrus of the frontal lobe of the human brain. Its superior border is the inferior frontal sulcus, its inferior border the lateral fissure, and its posterior border is the inferior precentral sulcus. Above it is the middle frontal gyrus, behind it the precentral gyrus. |
| l-428 cell | Human Hodgkin's lymphoma, established from the pleural effusion of a 37-year-old woman with Hodgkin's lymphoma (stage IVB, nodular sclerosis, refractory, terminal) in 1978. |
| external iliac artery | The outer branch of the common iliac artery on either side of the body that passes beneath the inguinal ligament to become the femoral artery. |
| mammary epithelial cell line | |
| tissue culture | Growing plant or animal tissues outside of the body, as in a nutrient medium in a laboratory; similar to cell culture, but cells are maintained in their structured, tissue form. |
| gametocyte | A cell from which gametes develop by meiotic division, especially a spermatocyte or an oocyte. |
| metacyclic form | The parasite (Leishmania or Trypanosoma) differentiates into its infective, but non-replicative, metacyclic form. |
| external male genital organ | The external genitalia in the male, comprising the penis, scrotum, and urethra. |
| c-1300 cell | Mouse neuroblastoma cell line. |
| cwr-22 cell | Androgen-dependent human prostate cancer cell line. |
| 46br.1g1 cell | Human skin fibroblast cell line, SV40 T antigen transformed, derived from 46BR, a fibroblast from an individual with hypogammaglobulinaemia. The parent line was transformed with the plasmid pSV3gpt expressing SV40 T-antigen. |
| fast twitch muscle fiber | Paler-colored muscle fibers of larger diameter than slow twitch fibers, and having less sarcoplasm and more prominent cross-striping; used for forceful and rapid contractions over short periods of time. |
| astroblast | An embryonic astrocyte. |
| right colon mucosa | |
| diffuse large b-cell lymphoma cell | Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is a common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for about 2 in 5 of all cases. It is a cancer of the B-lymphocytes. Diffuse B-cell lymphoma can occur at any time between adolescence and old age. It is slightly more common in men than in women. |
| trigeminal nerve | Either of the fifth pair of cranial nerves, having sensory and motor functions in the face, teeth, mouth, and nasal cavity. |
| anterior adductor muscle | Two dorsal muscles, called adductors, extend transversely between the valves, one at the anterior end and the other at the posterior end. |
| parietal lobe | The upper central lobe of the cerebral hemisphere, separated from the temporal lobe below by the lateral sulcus, but continuous at the posterior end of that sulcus, and separated from the frontal lobe by the central sulcus. Behind, it is continuous with the occipital lobe on the lateral surface, but separated from it by the parietooccipital sulcus on the medial surface. |
| pwr-1e cell | Human prostatic epithelial cells, derived from a normal prostate with mild hyperplasia, were immortalized with an adenovirus 12-SV40 hybrid virus (Ad12-SV40). PWR-1E cell line was derived by single cell cloning of a non-producer cell. |
| pre-b acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell | The most common subtype, consisting of small uniform lymphoblasts that do not synthesize complete functional immunoglobulins. The term has sometimes been restricted to the minority of the larger group that synthesize heavy chains of immunoglobulins. |
| mc3t3-e1 cell | Mouse embryo/fetus calvaria fibroblasts; established from the calvaria of an embryo/fetus C57BL/6 mouse; described to differentiate to osteoblasts and to produce collagen. |
| interrenal cell | Interrenal cells in elasmobranchs and bony fishes represent the equivalent of the mammalian adrenal cortex. The interrenal cells' appearance varies greatly in response to stress and reproduction. These cells produce corticosteroids with cortisol being the most quantitatively important. |
| myeloid leukemia cell line | A cell line of leukemia characterized by proliferation of myeloid tissue (as of the bone marrow and spleen) and an abnormal increase in the number of granulocytes, myelocytes, and myeloblasts in the circulating blood. |
| bundle sheath | Sheath of parenchyma or sclerenchyma cells surrounding the vascular bundles in leaves. |
| a-375sm cell | Human melanoma cell line. |
| erythroid progenitor cell | Committed, erythroid stem cells derived from myeloid stem cells. The progenitor cells develop in two phases: erythroid burst-forming units (bfu-e) followed by erythroid colony-forming units (cfu-e). Bfu-e differentiate into cfu-e on stimulation by erythropoietin, and then further differentiate into erythroblasts when stimulated by other factors. |
| wb-311 cell | Tumorigenic liver epithelial cell line, originally derived from the WB-F344 line. |
| mhcc97-h cell | Clone of MHCC97 with high metastatic potential. |
| uterine fluid | |
| posterior silk gland | |
| bronchial cancer cell | |
| kbv200 cell | A multidrug-resistant clone of human oral epidermoid carcinoma KB cells was isolated by stepwise selection on exposure to increasing doses of vincristine. The final clone, KBv200, obtained after ethylmethane sulfonate mutagenesis showed 156-fold higher resistance to vincristine than KB cells. The cells were also cross-resistant to paclitaxel and adriamycin. |
| phellem | The outermost layer of tissue in woody plants that is resistant to the passage of water vapor and gases and that becomes the bark. Cork is secondary tissue, formed on the outside of the tissue layer known as cork cambium. The cell walls of cork cells contain suberin. Once they mature, cork cells die. |
| ts-20 cell | Ts20 is a temperature-sensitive mutant cell line derived from BALB/3T3 cells that is blocked at a step in DNA synthesis involving chain elongation. |
| huh-6 cell | Human hepatoblastoma cell line. |
| cervical squamous cell carcinoma cell | |
| alpha-motoneuron | A large, heavily myelinated neuron found in the brainstem and spinal cord, responsible for the contraction of skeletal muscles. |
| snu-387 cell | Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. |
| oligodendroglioma cell line | A rare slow-growing type of brain tumor that begins in cells called oligodendrocytes, which provide support and nourishment for cells that transmit nerve impulses. |
| basophilic leukemia cell line | |
| superior cervical ganglion | The uppermost ganglion on the sympathetic trunk, lying behind the internal carotid artery and in front of the second and third cervical vertebrae; it gives rise to postganglionic fibers to the heart via cervical cardiac nerves, to the pharyngeal plexus and thence to the larynx and pharynx, and to the head via the external and internal carotid plexuses. |
| llc-rk1 cell | New Zealand white rabbit kidney cell line. |
| dermatofibroma cell | A slowly growing benign skin nodule consisting of poorly demarcated cellular fibrous tissue enclosing collapsed capillaries with scattered haemosiderin-pigmented and lipid macrophages. They are common, usually about 1 cm in diameter and occur in the dermis. |
| mewo cell | Human skin malignant melanoma cell line. |
| rcc 786-o cell | Human renal cell adenocarcinoma cell line, established from a 58 years old caucasian male. |
| invertebrate muscular system | |
| msto-211h cell | Human mesothelioma cell line; established from the pleural effusion of a 62-year-old Caucasian man with mesothelioma (malignant biphasic) who did not have any prior therapy. |
| respiratory mucosa | The mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract. |
| gravid adult | Containing a developing embryo, fetus, or unborn offspring within the body. |
| sieve tube | Found in phloem tissue, sieve tubes lack a nucleus, and are thought to be responsible for the translocation of material across the phloem tissue. |
| posterior lobe | The portion of the cerebellum separated from the anterior lobe by the primary fissure and from the flocculonodular lobe by the dorsolateral fissure; it comprises the declive, folium vermis, tuber vermis, pyramid, uvula, simple lobule, inferior and superior semilunar lobules, and tonsils. |
| sensillum trichodeum | A sense organ bearing an elongate seta, articulated with the body wall by a membranous socket so that it is free to move; a mechanoreceptor or less often as a chemoreceptor. |
| nucleus taeniae | |
| amelanotic melanoma cell line | |
| amniotic cavity | The space within the amnion. |
| abdominal ganglion | The visceral sacs nerve knot is called visceral ganglion. In contrary to the mostly paired other ganglia this nerve knot is unpaired. The visceral ganglion innerves the pallial organs as well as the inner organs. |
| somatosensory cortex | Area of the parietal lobe concerned with receiving general sensations. It lies posterior to the central sulcus. |
| glioblastoma cell line | |
| ht-1376 cell | Human urinary bladder carcinoma cell line; established from a transurethral resection of invasive, moderately pleomorphic (grade 3) bladder transitional cell carcinoma of a 58-year-old Caucasian woman who had not received chemo- or radiotherapy. |
| snu-216 cell | Gastric cancer cell line. |
| spongiotrophoblast | The junctional zone of the mouse placenta consists of two main trophoblast populations, spongiotrophoblasts and glycogen cells (GCs), but the development and function of both cell types are unknown. |
| gastroesophageal junction | The junction between the stomach and the esophagus; the place where the esophagus connects to the stomach. |
| nrp-154 cell | Rat prostate carcinoma cell line. |
| raji cell | Human Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, established from the left maxilla of a 12-year-old African boy with Burkitt's lymphoma in 1963; first continuous human hematopoietic cell line; classified as risk category 1 according to the German Central Commission for Biological Safety ZKBS. |
| ccl-39 cell | Cricetulus griseus (chinese hamster) lung fibroblast cell line. |
| median eminence | 1. A raised area in the floor of the third ventricle of the brain produced by the infundibulum of the hypothalamus. 2. The median eminence is sometimes classified as part of the neurohypophysis. It serves as a reservoir for the hypothalamic neurohormones vasopressin, oxytocin, and the neurophysins, releasing them as needed. It originates in the embryo as an evagination from the floor of the diencephalon. |
| anterior visceral ectoderm | The anterior visceral ectoderm is an extra-embryonic tissue in the early mouse embryo that is involved in inducing anterior regions of the embryo. |
| abductor | Any muscle used to pull a body part away from the midline of the body. For example, the abductor muscles of the legs spread the legs away from the midline and away from one another. An abductor muscle opposes an adductor muscle. |
| stinger | A sharp organ (as of a bee, scorpion, or stingray) that is usually connected with a poison gland or otherwise adapted to wound by piercing and injecting a poison. |
| hm-1 es cell | Murine embryonic stem cell line. |
| bgc-823 cell | Human gastric cancer cell line. |
| olfactory tubercle | A small area of gray matter behind the olfactory trigone that is noted for receiving dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra and the reticular formation which have been implicated in schizoaffective disorders. |
| pc-3 cell | Human prostate carcinoma cell line; established from the bone marrow metastasis isolated post-mortem from a 62-year-old Caucasian man with grade IV prostate cancer, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, after androgen suppression therapy; described to form tumors in nude mice, to grow in soft agar, and to be unresponsive to androgen treatment. |
| nt2-n cell | Human neuronal (NT2N) cells derive from an NT2 human teratocarcinoma cell line. |
| neural tube | A dorsal tubular structure in the vertebrate embryo formed by longitudinal folding of the neural plate and differentiating into the brain and spinal cord. |
| periodontium | The tissues that invest or help to invest and support the teeth, including the periodontal ligament, gingivae, cementum, and alveolar and supporting bone. |
| n1e-115 cell | Mus musculus (mouse) brain; neuroblast; neuroblastoma cell line. The N1E-115 cell line was established in 1971 by T. Amano, E. Richelson, and M. Nirenberg by cloning the C-1300 spontaneous mouse neuroblastoma tumor, C-1300. |
| palisade parenchyma | A layer of columnar cells rich in chloroplasts found beneath the upper epidermis of foliage leaves. |
| bt-20 cell | Human, Caucasian, breast, carcinoma cell line. Morphology: epithelial-like; species: human, Caucasian female 74 years old; tissue: breast; tumor: carcinoma. |
| pectoral muscle | Any of the muscles which connect the ventral walls of the chest with the bones of the upper arm and shoulder and of which there are two on each side of the human body. |
| walker carcinoma 256 cell | A cell of a transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. |
| dendritic cell | A special type of cell that is a key regulator of the immune system, acting as a professional antigen-presenting cell, APC, capable of activating naive T cells and stimulating the growth and differentiation of B cells. Dendritic cells are found, for example, in the lymph nodes and spleen. As an APC, a dendritic cell can retain antigen for long periods on its surface, present the antigen to a T or B cell and so influence their behavior. |
| hypodermal seam cell | A group of hypodermal cells in worms that lie along the apical midline of the hypodermis, at the extreme left and right sides between nose and tail. |
| tc-71 cell | Human Ewing's sarcoma cell line; established from the tumor of a 22-year-old man with metastatic Ewing's sarcoma that arose in the humerus; cell line was derived in 1981 from a biopsy of recurrent tumor at the primary site. |
| hcc-1937 cell | A primary ductal breast carcinoma cell line, initiated from a primary ductal carcinoma on October 13, 1995. The tumor was classified as TNM Stage IIB, grade 3. |
| lacquer | Any of various durable natural varnishes; especially: a varnish obtained from an Asian sumac (Rhus verniciflua). |
| oci-m2 cell | Human acute myelocytic leukemia cell line; established in 1984 from the leukemic cells of a 56-year-old patient with erythroleukemia, AML-M6, representing the end stage of a previously identified myelodysplastic syndrome. |
| lens epithelium | Cuboidal epithelium covering the lens. |
| mueller cell | Mueller cells are astrocyte-like radial glial cells that extend vertically throughout the retina, although their nuclei are usually in the middle of the inner nuclear layer. |
| ventral septal area | |
| epithelium | A membranous cellular tissue that covers a free surface or lines a tube or cavity of an animal body and serves especially to enclose and protect the other parts of the body, to produce secretions and excretions, and to function in assimilation. |
| lateral entorhinal cortex | The entorhinal cortex (EC) is an important memory center in the brain. In rodents, the EC is located at the caudal end of the temporal lobe. In primates it is located at the rostral end of the temporal lobe and stretches dorsolaterally. It is usually divided into medial and lateral regions with three bands with distinct properties and connectivity running perpendicular across the whole area. |
| hairy root culture | A relatively new type of plant culture, which consists of highly branched roots of a plant, covered with a mass of tiny root hairs. |
| pronephros | 1. The primordial kidney; a vestigial excretory structure or its rudiments developing in the embryo at four weeks, before the mesonephros. Although nonfunctional, its duct is later used by the mesonephros, which arises caudal to it. 2. The definitive excretory organ of primitive fishes. |
| gastric adenocarcinoma cell | A cell of any of a group of common stomach cancers, usually located in the antrum; it may present as a bulky mass with central ulceration invading the wall, a mass that narrows the antral lumen, a polypoid lesion, or a tumor that spreads superficially over the mucosal surface. It is common in Japan, Chile, Iceland, and Finland but the incidence is decreasing in North America and elsewhere. There may be links to certain dietary substances such as nitrosamines and benzpyrene. |
| ccd-25lu cell | Human normal lung fibroblast cell line established from a caucasian 7-years-old human male. The line was established from the lung of a patient who died of glioma of the brain stem. |
| megakaryotic cell line | |
| finger | Any of the five terminating members of the hand, a digit of the forelimb. |
| idioblast | A plant cell committed to develop into a cell type that differs from the surrounding tissue. |
| flagellate | A flagellate protozoan or alga. |
| yolk sac | A membranous sac that is attached to an embryo and encloses food yolk, that is continuous in most forms through the yolk stalk with the intestinal cavity of the embryo, that being abundantly supplied with blood vessels is throughout embryonic life and in some forms later the chief organ of nutrition, and that in placental mammals is nearly vestigial and functions chiefly prior to the elaboration of the placenta. |
| pancreatic beta cell line | |
| l6e9 cell | Rat myoblast cell line. |
| great saphenous vein | The great saphenous vein goes from the foot all the way up to the saphenous opening, an oval aperture in the broad fascia of the thigh, a fibrous membrane through which the vein passes. |
| rt-112 cell | Human urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma established from the transitional cell carcinoma histological grade G2 excised from a female patient with untreated primary urinary bladder carcinoma in 1973. |
| bone marrow-derived macrophage | Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) are primary macrophage cells, derived from bone marrow cells in vitro in the presence of growth factors. |
| ma-10 cell | MA-10 cells are a clonal strain of mouse Leydig tumor cells. |
| hepatoblastoma cell | A malignant intrahepatic tumor occurring in infants and young children and consisting chiefly of embryonic hepatic tissue. |
| breast fibroadenoma cell | A common benign (not malignant) tumor of the breast. Usually called simply a fibroadenoma. |
| renal cell carcinoma cell line | |
| bronchial mucosa | The mucous lining of the bronchial tubes. |
| lymphocyte | Any of the colorless weakly motile cells originating from stem cells and differentiating in lymphoid tissue (as of the thymus or bone marrow) that are the typical cellular elements of lymph, include the cellular mediators of immunity, and constitute 20 to 30 percent of the white blood cells of normal human blood. |
| temporomandibular joint | The joint that connects the lower jaw to the skull. |
| ovarian surface epithelium | |
| larynx | The modified upper part of the trachea of air-breathing vertebrates that in humans, most other mammals, and a few lower forms contains the vocal cords. |
| nci/adr-res cell | The recent study shows that NCI/ADR-RES cells are derived from OVCAR-8 ovarian adenocarcinoma cells. The multidrug-resistant MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells originally named MCF-7/AdrR cells and later re-designated NCI/ADR-RES have served as an important and widely used research tool during the last two decades. The case of NCI/ADR-RES cells highlights a wide-spread problem of cell line cross-contamination and misidentification. |
| nci-h292 cell | Mucoepidermoid human lung carcinoma cell line; established from a black female 32 years old; Morphology: epithelial. |
| fo-1 cell | Human melanoma cell line. |
| bj cell | Human normal foreskin fibroblast cell line. |
| basal ganglion | Any of four deeply placed masses of gray matter (as the amygdala) in each cerebral hemisphere. Location: The basal ganglion is located deep within the cerebral hemispheres in the telencephalon region of the brain. It consists of the corpus stratium, subthalamic nucleus and the substantia nigra. |
| pulmonary artery endothelium | |
| inflorescence | A flower cluster with a definite arrangement. |
| neuroepithelium | 1: Simple columnar epithelium made up of cells specialized to serve as sensory cells for the reception of external stimuli, as the sensory cells of the cochlea, vestibule, nasal mucosa, and tongue. 2: The epithelium of the ectoderm, from which the central nervous system is developed. |
| uterine leiomyosarcoma cell | A rare type of uterine cancer that forms in muscle or other tissues of the uterus. It usually occurs after menopause. The two main types are leiomyosarcoma (cancer that begins in smooth muscle cells) and endometrial stromal sarcoma (cancer that begins in connective tissue cells). |
| renal glomerulus | Globular tufts of capillaries, one projecting into the expanded end or capsule of each of the uriniferous tubules, which together with its surrounding capsule (glomerular capsule) constitute the renal corpuscle. |
| dentate gyrus | A serrated strip of gray matter under the medial border of the hippocampus and in its depths; it is an archaeocortex which develops along the edge of the hippocampal fissure and which consists of molecular, granular, and polymorphic layers. |
| optic cup | The optic vesicle after invaginating to form a 2-layered cup from which the retina and pigmented layer of the eye will develop. |
| adenosquamous carcinoma cell | A type of cancer that contains two types of cells: squamous cells (thin, flat cells that line certain organs) and gland-like cells. |
| pulmonary artery endothelial cell line | |
| sw-620 cell | Human, Caucasian, colon, adenocarcinoma cell line, established from the tissue of a 51-year-old Caucasian male. |
| ovarian theca-interstitial cell | |
| cob | The central axis/core of the ear (distal end of the lateral branch/ear shoot) upon which the kernels (caryopses) are borne. The cob is similar to the central spike of the tassel (male inflorescence) in that it produces multiple rows of paired spikelets (polystichous phyllotaxy). |
| other source | Other sources of an enzyme as cell culture or commercial preparation, not related to a specific tissue. |
| cal-27 cell | Human tongue squamous cell carcinoma established from the poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue removed from a 56-year-old man before treatment in 1982. |
| cartilage | A specialized, fibrous connective tissue, forming most of the temporary skeleton of the embryo, providing a model in which most of the bones develop, and constituting an important part of the growth mechanism of the organism. It exists in several types, the most important of which are hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage. Also used as a general term to designate a mass of such tissue in a particular site in the body. |
| myotube | A developmental stage of a muscle fiber composed of a syncytium formed by fusion of myoblasts. |
| l-5178-y cell | Mouse T cell lymphoma, established from an 8-month-old female DBA/2 mouse with T cell lymphoma in 1985. |
| ureteric bud | An outgrowth of the mesonephric duct that gives rise to all but the nephrons of the permanent kidney. |
| ht-2 cell | This murine T-helper cell-derived CD35(+) cell line of BALB/c origin does not express CD4 or CD8. |
| superior mesenteric vein | The superior (upper) mesenteric vein joins the splenic vein to create the portal vein which goes to the liver. |
| u-1810 cell | Non-small-cell lung cancer cell line. |
| te-671 cell | Human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line. In the original publication and in the ATCC catalogue this cell line is described as medulloblastoma; recent studies and the characterization carried out at the DSMZ indicated that TE-671 are muscle cells, most likely identical to the rhabdomyosarcoma cell line RD (also known as TE32 or 130T). |
| nci-h295 cell | Pluripotent adrenocortical carcinoma cell line. |
| iliopsoas muscle | Two muscles that lie together low down in the rear of the abdomen; A compound muscle, consisting of the iliacus musculus and psoas major musculus. |
| astroglial cell | Neuroglia tissue made up of astrocytes. |
| epididymal fluid | The fluid from the epididymis. |
| rind | A tough outer covering such as bark or the skin of some fruits. |
| p493-6 cell | Human Burkitt's lymphoma cell line. |
| olfactory gland | The secretion of this serous glands traps and dissolves odor-producing particles in the nasal cavity to allow for new smells to be detected. |
| cervical intraepithelial neoplasia cell | Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is the potentially premalignant transformation and abnormal growth (dysplasia) of squamous cells on the surface of the cervix. CIN is not cancer, and is usually curable. Most cases of CIN remain stable, or are eliminated by the host's immune system without intervention. However a small percentage of cases progress to become cervical cancer, usually cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), if left untreated. |
| keloid | A tough heaped-up scar that rises quite abruptly above the rest of the skin. It is irregularly shaped and tends to enlarge progressively. Keloids arise when there is too much collagen formed in the dermis during the repair of connective tissue. |
| fadu cell | Human squamous cell carcinoma cell line of the hypopharynx. |
| gh3 cell | Rat pituitary tumor, derived in 1965 from a pituitary tumor induced in a female Wistar/Furth rat ollowing repeated transplantation with the MtT/W5 tumor (originally induced in a female F/Fu rat by cranial X-irradiation). |
| es-d3 cell | Mus musculus pluripotent embryonic stem cell line. |
| hair follicle outer root sheath | It surrounds the hair follicle like a sleeve all the way to the bulb. The outer root sheath is essentially a stratified epithelium that is contiguous with the epidermis. |
| rec-1 cell | Human mantle cell lymphoma (B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) cell line. |
| tr-146 cell | Human neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line. |
| daltons lymphoma ascites | |
| stria terminalis | A bundle of nerve fibers that passes from the amygdala along the demarcation between the thalamus and caudate nucleus mostly to the anterior part of the hypothalamus with a few fibers crossing the anterior commissure to the amygdala on the opposite side. |
| pancreatic cancer cell | Pancreatic cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells are found in the tissues of the pancreas. |
| hbl-3 cell | Precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line. |
| htert-rpe1 cell | The hTERT-immortalized retinal pigment epithelial cell line, hTERT RPE-1, was derived by transfecting the RPE-340 cell line with the pGRN145 hTERT-expressing plasmid. |
| rle-6tn cell | Rat type II alveolar epithelial cell line. |
| thyroid nodule | Pathological nodule in the thyroid gland, often filled with colloid; some are indicative of adenoma or carcinoma. |
| nurse cell | Cells accessory to egg and/or sperm formation in a wide variety of organisms. Usually thought to synthesize special substances and to export these to the developing gamete. |
| htr-8/svneo cell | Human trophoblast cell line; derived from first trimester of pregnancy extravillous trophoblast. |
| thoracico-abdominal ganglion | |
| pedal ganglion | The pedal ganglia mainly are necessary for coordination of locomotion of a snail. |
| sk-mel-30 cell | Human melanoma derived from tumor tissue (subcutis metastasis) of a 67-year-old Caucasian man with malignant melanoma in 1975. |
| sk-mel cell | Human metastatic melanoma cell line. |
| breast hyperplasia cell | Hyperplasia or hypergenesis means abnormal cell proliferation of cells. It may result in the gross enlargement of an organ and the term is sometimes mixed with benign neoplasia/ benign tumor. |
| sinusoidal trophoblast giant cell | |
| brl cell | Buffalo rat liver cell line. |
| testicular cancer cell line | |
| chela | A pincerlike claw of a crustacean or arachnid, such as a lobster, crab, or scorpion. |
| spermatozoon | A motile male gamete of an animal usually with rounded or elongate head and a long posterior flagellum. |
| l-1210 cell | Mouse lymphocytic leukemia established from the methylcholanthrene-induced tumor in a DBA strain mouse (subline 212, 8-month-old female) in 1949; the cells were propagated by heterotransplantation into DBA/2 mice; an in-vitro suspension culture was first reported in 1966; cells are used for cytotoxicity studies. |
| mesenchyme | The part of the embryonic mesoderm, consisting of loosely packed, unspecialized cells set in a gelatinous ground substance, from which connective tissue, bone, cartilage, and the circulatory and lymphatic systems develop. |
| vero cell | The Vero cell line was initiated from the kidney of a normal adult African green monkey on March 27, 1962, by Y. Yasumura and Y. Kawakita at the Chiba University in Chiba, Japan. |
| dami cell | Human megakaryocytic cell line. |
| apical hook | Hook-like structure which develops at the apical part of the hypocotyl in dark-grown seedlings in dicots. |
| pc3-mm2 cell | Human prostate cancer cell line. |
| bladder | A membranous sac in animals that serves as the receptacle of a liquid or contains gas. |
| glc-4 cell | Human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell line. |
| fibroblast | A connective-tissue cell of mesenchymal origin that secretes proteins and especially molecular collagen from which the extracellular fibrillar matrix of connective tissue forms. |
| bone marrow stromal stem cell | Bone marrow stromal stem cells are known to be able to transform into liver, nerve, muscle and kidney cells. |
| lox cell | Human amelanotic malignant melanoma cell line. |
| ewing's family tumor cell | The Ewing's family of tumors includes Ewing's tumor of bone, extraosseus Ewing's sarcoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and Askin's tumor. All of these tumors are derived from the same primordial stem cell, the primitive nerve cell. |
| intestine-407 cell | Human Caucasian embryonic intestine, HeLa characteristics. |
| ramos (ra.1) cell | Human Caucasian Burkitt's lymphoma cell line. This cell line is EBV-genome-negative but expresses EBV receptors and can be converted into a permanent EBV-positive line. |
| pars intermedia | The intermediate part of adenohypophysis: an ill-defined region between the two lobes of the hypophysis; some systems of nomenclature consider it part of the neurohypophysis. In humans a defined structure develops during embryogenesis, but only scattered cells are retained when the gland matures. |
| npc-tw01 cell | Human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line. |
| anterior spinal root | The motor division of each spinal nerve, attached centrally to the spinal cord and joining peripherally with the corresponding posterior (sensory) root to form the nerve before it emerges through the intervertebral foramen. It conveys motor fibers to skeletal muscle and contains preganglionic autonomic fibers at thoracolumbar and sacral levels. There are 31 anterior and 31 posterior roots: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal. Called also ventral or motor root of spinal nerve, root ventralis nervi spinalis, and root motoria nervi spinalis. |
| colon-26 cell | Poorly differentiated murine colon adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| cho-k1 cell | Chinese hamster ovary cells, subclone from parental CHO cell line that was initiated from an ovary biopsy of an adult Chinese hamster in 1957. |
| glossopharyngeal nerve | The glossopharyngeal nerve is the ninth (IX) of twelve pairs of cranial nerves. It exits the brainstem out from the sides of the upper medulla, just rostral (closer to the nose) to the vagus nerve. |
| hair shaft | The non-growing portion of a hair which protrudes from the skin, i.e., from the follicle. |
| bc-3 cell | EBV negative PEL cell line. |
| nasal polyp | Focal accumulations of edema fluid in the mucosa of the nose, with hyperplasia of the associated submucosal connective tissue. |
| callus culture | The callus culture is a technique of tissue culture, it is usually carried out on solidified gel medium in the presence of growth regulators and initiated by inoculation of small explants or sections from established organ or other cultures (the inocula). Plant cell calluses may be made to differentiate into the specialized tissues of a whole new plant, with the addition of a number of hormones or enzymes. This is an ability known as totipotency. Callus cultures can be indefinitely maintained through regular sub-culturing. |
| thymic medulla | Histologically, the thymus can be divided into a central medulla and a peripheral cortex which is surrounded by an outer capsule. The cortex and medulla play different roles in the development of T cells. Cells in the thymus can be divided into thymic stromal cells and cells of hematopoietic origin. |
| cervical ganglion | Any of three sympathetic ganglia on each side of the neck. |
| ventral striatum | Those portions of the striatum located generally inferior to a plane representing the anterior commissure; includes the nucleus accumbens and some nuclei of the olfactory tubercle; may function in motor activities with emotional or motivational origins. |
| mkn-1 cell | Human gastric adenosquamous carcinoma cell line. |
| lim1215 cell | Colonic cancer cell line. |
| diaphragm | The thin muscle below the lungs and heart that separates the chest from the abdomen. |
| male cone | In conifers, the reproductive parts are housed within the cones. A conifer has two kinds of cones, the pollen, or male, cone is the small and soft. A pollen cone has many tiny sporangia that produce pollen grains. The wind usually delivers the pollen grains from the pollen cone to the seed cone, this is the yellow haze often seen in the spring in coniferous forest areas. |
| t-hsc/cl-6 cell | Immortalized rat hepatic stellate cell line. |
| ureter | The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. |
| myelinating schwann cell | A variety of glial cell that keep myelinated peripheral nerve fibres alive. |
| fl cell | Human amnion epithelial cell line. |
| abdominal muscle | Muscles forming the wall of the abdomen including rectus abdominis, external and internal oblique muscles, transversus abdominis, and quadratus abdominis. |
| ampulla | The constant contraction of ampulla (to extend and retract the tube feet) helps to move a starfish. The ampullae are teeth like structures surrounding the radial canal. |
| gastric gland | Any of various glands in the walls of the stomach that secrete gastric juice. |
| as-30d cell | Rat hepatoma cell line; established from the hepatoma of a 16-month-old SD-female rat in 1988. |
| lymphoblastoid cell line | Human cell line from tissue infected with Epstein-Barr virus, resembling a lymphoblast. |
| kyse-150 cell | Human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line; established from the poorly differentiated esophageal squamous cell carcinoma resected from upper (cervical) esophagus of a 49-year-old Japanese woman after receiving radiotherapy. |
| internal female genital organ | The various organs in the female that are concerned with reproduction, including the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina. |
| mammary myoepithelial cell | The human breast epithelium is a branching ductal system composed of an inner layer of polarized luminal epithelial cells and an outer layer of myoepithelial cells that terminate in distally located terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs). |
| cerebrovascular endothelium | |
| tail bud | The rapidly proliferating mass of cells at the caudal extremity of the embryo; remnant of the primitive node. |
| maxillary nerve | One of the three terminal divisions of the trigeminal nerve, passing through the foramen rotundum, and entering the pterygopalatine fossa. Origin, trigeminal ganglion; branches, meningeal ramus, zygomatic nerve, posterior superior alveolar rami, infraorbital nerve, pterygopalatine nerves, and, indirectly, the branches of the pterygopalatine ganglion; distribution, extensive distribution to skin of face and scalp, mucous membrane of maxillary sinus and nasal cavity, and teeth. |
| mandibular ramus | A bony process extending like a branch from a larger bone, especially the ascending part of the lower jaw that makes a joint at the temple. |
| external carotid artery | In human anatomy, the external carotid artery is a major artery of the head and neck. It arises from the common carotid artery when it bifurcates into the external and internal carotid artery. |
| primary oocyte | The immature reproductive cell prior to fertilization; it is derived from an oogonium, and is called a primary oocyte prior to completion of the first maturation division, and a secondary oocyte between the first and second maturation division. |
| scapula | Either of a pair of large triangular bones lying one in each dorsal lateral scapula: part of the thorax, being the principal bone of the corresponding half of the shoulder girdle, and articulating with the corresponding clavicle or coracoid. |
| embryonic brain cell line | |
| ovca-8 cell | Ovarian human cancer cell line. |
| nt2/d1 cell | Testis; metastatic site: lung malignant pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cell line. The NTERA-2 cl.D1 cell line is a pluripotent human testicular embryonal carcinoma cell line derived by cloning the NTERA-2 cell line. |
| tooth enamel | The hard, calcareous substance covering the exposed portion of a tooth. |
| axillary bud | The axillary bud is a bud that develops in the axil of a plant. |
| soft tissue sarcoma cell line | |
| premonocyte | An immature monocyte not normally present in the blood. |
| hct-116 cell | Human colon colorectal carcinoma cell line from a male organism. Human colon carcinoma cell line; established from the primary colon carcinoma of an adult man. |
| spinal nerve | Any of the paired nerves which leave the spinal cord of a craniate vertebrate, supply muscles of the trunk and limbs, and connect with the nerves of the sympathetic nervous system, which arise by a short motor ventral root and a short sensory dorsal root, and of which there are 31 pairs in humans classified according to the part of the spinal cord from which they arise into 8 cervical pairs, 12 thoracic pairs, 5 lumbar pairs, 5 sacral pairs, and one coccygeal pair. |
| hand | 1. The terminal part of the vertebrate forelimb when modified, as in humans, as a grasping organ. 2. A part serving the function of or resembling a hand as the hind foot of an ape or the chela of a crustacean. |
| superficial temporal vein | The superficial temporal vein is a vein of the side of the head. |
| dt-40 cell | Chicken B cell line; established in 1985 from a bursal lymphoma, which was induced by infection of a 1 day old chicken with Rous-associated virus type 1 (RAV-1), an avian leukosis retrovirus carrying no cell-derived oncogene. |
| g cell | Endocrine cells found in the pyloric gland mucosa (antral mucosa) of the stomach and responsible for the secretion of gastrin. |
| cystadenoma cell | Adenoma characterized by epithelium-lined cystic masses that contain secreted material, usually serous or mucinous; it generally occurs in the ovary, salivary glands, or pancreas. |
| b-50 cell | A rat neuronal cell line. |
| retinal pigment epithelium cell | A cell of the pigment cell layer that nourishes the retinal cells; located just outside the retina and attached to the choroid. |
| scleral lamina cribrosa | The perforated part of the sclera through which pass the axons of the retinal ganglion cells. |
| hpk1a cell | Established human keratinocyte cell line. |
| tassel | The terminal male inflorescence of some plants and especially Indian corn. |
| emt-6 cell | EMT6 is a transplantable mouse mammary tumor cell line. |
| choanomastigote | A term, in the series used to describe developmental stages of the parasitic flagellates, denoting the barleycorn form of the flagellate in the genus Crithidia characterised by a collarlike extension surrounding the anterior and through which the single flagellum emerges. |
| telson muscle | |
| mv3 cell | Highly tumorigenic and metastatic human melanoma cell line. |
| hek-293ft cell | The 293FT cell line is a fast-growing, highly transfectable clonal isolate derived from human embryonal kidney cells transformed with the SV40 large T antigen. |
| hbe cell | Human bronchial epithelial cell line. |
| globus pallidus lateralis | Globus pallidus lateral segment: the larger, lateral part of the globus pallidus, separated from the putamen by the lateral medullary lamina and from the smaller, medial part of the globus pallidus by the medial medullary lamina. |
| sk-n-mc-ixc cell | This is a twice cloned subline of the neuroepithelioma cell line SK-N-MC which was established in September of 1971 from a metastatic tumor mass. |
| osphradium | The osphradium is the olfactory organ in certain molluscs, linked with the respiration organ. The main function of this is to test incoming water for silt and other possible food particles. It is used by all members of the Genus Conus. |
| mcf-10f cell | Normal breast epithelial cell line. |
| hct-8 cell | Human colonic cancer cell line. |
| nci-h187 cell | Small cell lung cancer cell line. |
| vero-76 cell | Monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) kidney endothelial cell line. It is a derivative of the original VERO. |
| llc-wrc 256 cell | Rat breast carcinoma cell line, established from the Walker 256 rat tumor that has been maintained in vivo for over 60 years. |
| renal cortex | Cortex of kidney. |
| fibrillar flight muscle | Insect flight muscle responsible for indirect flight. A single nerve impulse results in many cycles of flight muscle contraction and relaxation. |
| lignifying cell | A lignifying cell deposits lignin in its cell wall. Lignifying cells are localized in different plant tissues. |
| endothelial cell | The main type of cell found in the inside lining of blood vessels, lymph vessels, and the heart. |
| spermatid | One of the haploid cells that are formed by division of the secondary spermatocytes and that differentiate into spermatozoa. |
| head capsule | The insect's head is sometimes referred to as the head-capsule, and is the insect's feeding and sensory centre. It supports the eyes, antennae and jaws of the insect. |
| n18tg2 cell | Mouse neuroblastoma 6-thioguanine resistant mutant of cell line N18 that was established from a mouse of strain A/Jax with neuroblastoma C1300; cells were described to form cAMP in response to prostaglandin E1 and to be aneuploid (modal chromosome number of 81). |
| trigeminal nucleus | One of the nuclei of the trigeminal nerve, consisting of a slender column of cells in the lateral central gray matter of the superior part of the fourth ventral and cerebral aqueduct. It is the only central nervous system site of primary sensory neurons; its cells resemble posterior root ganglion cells. The peripheral processes of the cells, which form the mesencephalic tract, carry proprioceptive impulses; the central processes have widespread cerebellar and brain stem connections, including the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. |
| n-9 cell | Murine microglial cell line. |
| reproductive system | In women, the organs that are directly involved in producing eggs and in conceiving and carrying babies. In men, the organs directly involved in creating, storing, and delivering sperm to fertilize an egg. |
| daudi cell | Human Burkitt's lymphoma cell line; established from the Burkitt's lymphoma (left orbital biopsy) of a 16-year-old African boy in 1967; cells were described to be EBV-positive and to express mRNA for proto-oncogene bcl-2. |
| hep-3b cell | Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line; established from the tumor tissue of an 8-year-old black boy in 1976; description: cells contain integrated hepatitis B virus genome; cells were described to produce a variety of proteins, e.g. alpha-fetoprotein, albumin, transferrin, alpha2-macroglobulin, alpha1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin and others. |
| filament | Part of the stamen in a flower that supports the anther. A chainlike series of cells, as in many algae. |
| trophoblast giant cell | Trophoblast giant cells in the rodent placenta form the outermost layer of the extraembryonic compartment. |
| molt-13 cell | Human T cell leukemia cell line; established from the bone marrow of a 2-year-old girl with T-ALL (T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, FAB L2) at relapse in 1983. |
| biliary epithelium | Epithelium of the gallbladder and the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. |
| lung epithelium cell line | |
| fd-2 cell | Farber disease dermal fibroblast cell line. |
| vitreous chamber of the eye | The space in the eyeball enclosing the vitreous humor, bounded anteriorly by the lens and ciliary body and posteriorly by the posterior wall of the eyeball. |
| adenocarcinoma cell line | |
| protoscolex | The scolex of a larval stage of the hydatid tapeworm. Morphologically it resembles the adult scolex. |
| s-16 cell | Rat immortilized Schwann cell line. |
| renal proximal tubule | The convoluted portion of the vertebrate nephron that lies between Bowman's capsule and the loop of Henle and functions especially in the resorption of sugar, sodium and chloride ions, and water from the glomerular filtrate. |
| arterial system | The arterial system is the higher-pressure portion of the circulatory system. |
| peritubular cell | Seminiferous tubules are made up of Sertoli cells and germ cells and they are surrounded by peritubular and myoid cells. |
| a-875 cell | Human melanoma cell line. |
| spinal ganglion | A ganglion on the dorsal root of each spinal nerve that is one of a series of ganglia lodging cell bodies of sensory neurons. |
| skeletal muscle cell | |
| bundle sheath cell | Cells surrounding the vascular bundle in C4 plants. |
| major vestibular gland | Either of two small reddish yellow bodies in the vestibular bulbs, one on each side of the vaginal orifice; they are homologues of the bulbourethral glands in the male. |
| fruit capsule | A simple fruit that develops from a compound ovary with two or more carpels; capsules dehisce in many ways, example: cotton. |
| visceral hump | Mollusks have three distinct divisions of their body. The head contains the sensory equipment (eyes, antennae, etc) and the primitive brain. The visceral hump, which is the main body, contains most of the organs, including a complete digestive and excretory tract as well as the reproductive organs. The visceral hump also includes the two external flaps of tissue, which are known as the mantle. |
| growth phase culture | The characteristic periods in the growth of a bacterial culture, as indicated by the shape of a graph of viable cell number versus time. |
| postcentral gyrus | A gyrus of the parietal lobe located just posterior to the central sulcus, lying parallel to the precentral gyrus of the temporal lobe, and comprising the somatosensory cortex. |
| adventitious root culture | Leaf and stem explants cultured on MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium supplemented with various auxins. |
| foam cell | A swollen vacuolated phagocytic cell filled with lipid inclusions that often accummulates along arterial walls and is characteristic of some conditions of disturbed lipid metabolism. |
| cerebral giant cell | A pair of symmetrical, giant, serotonin-containing neurones have been found in the cerebral ganglia of the pulmonate molluscs Limax, Ariolimax, Helix, Planorbis and Helisoma and the opisthobranch molluscs Aplysia, Tritonia and Pleurobranchaea and in the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. |
| scrotum | The pouch that contains the testes and their accessory organs. It is composed of skin, the tunica dartos, the spermatic, cremasteric, and infundibuliform fasciae, and the tunica vaginalis testis. |
| vestibular labyrinth | The part of the membranous labyrinth that includes the utricle and saccule lodged within the vestibule and the semicircular ducts lodged eccentrically in the corresponding canals. |
| tongue cell line | |
| imcd cell | Renal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cell line. |
| rwleu-4 cell | RWLeu4 is a chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line. |
| stria vascularis | The upper part of the spiral ligament of the scala media that contains numerous small blood vessels; A layer of vascular tissue consisting of epithelial cells, mesothelial cells, and probably some neuroectoderm; it covers the outer wall of the cochlear duct and is thought to secrete the endolymph. |
| gastrocnemius | The largest and most superficial muscle of the calf of the leg arising by two heads from the condyles of the femur and attaching to a tendon that becomes part of the Achilles tendon. |
| glc-4/adr cell | Subline of human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell line (GLC4) with in vitro acquired resistance to adriamycin (GLC4/ADR). |
| tear gland | An acinous gland that is about the size and shape of an almond, secretes tears, and is situated laterally and superiorly to the bulb of the eye in a shallow depression on the inner surface of the frontal bone. |
| nhk cell | Normal human keratinocyte cell line. |
| rh-30 cell | Human alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cell line. |
| choriodecidua | A fetal membrane. |
| mg-63 cell | Homo sapiens (human) bone, osteosarcoma cell line; established from a 14 year old caucasian male. |
| peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor cell | One of a remarkable group of tumors that originate in cells from the primitive neural crest and share the same reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 11 and 22 and the same patterns of biochemical and oncogene expression. Some primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) occur in the brain while others (the peripheral PNETs) occur in sites outside the brain such as in the extremities, pelvis, and the chest wall. |
| ommatidium | One of the elements corresponding to a small simple eye that make up the compound eye of an arthropod. |
| nci-h1975 cell | Human non-small cell lung cancer cell line. |
| prostate gland stromal cell | |
| occipital lobe | This lobe is located at the back of the head and is involved in vision and reading. |
| cfsc cell | Immortalized rat hepatic stellate cell line. |
| leaf lamina | The blade or flat part of a leaf. |
| larynx squamous cell carcinoma cell line | |
| colonic cell line | |
| a7 cell | Immortalized murine hepatic stellate cell line. |
| balb/3t3 cell | The BALB/3T3 clone A31 is one of several cell lines (see BALB/3T12) developed in 1968 from disaggregated 14- to 17-day-old BALB/c mouse embryos. |
| uacc-903 cell | Human melanoma cell line. |
| neuroectodermal tumor cell | A neuroectodermal tumor is a tumor of the central or peripheral nervous system. |
| glioblastoma cell | Glioblastoma is a general term for malignant forms of astrocytoma. |
| vagus nerve | Either of the 10th pair of cranial nerves that arise from the medulla and supply chiefly the viscera especially with autonomic sensory and motor fibers. |
| rmc-1 cell | Retinal rat Mueller cell line. |
| cranial nerve | Any of several nerves that arise in pairs from the brainstem and reach the periphery through openings in the skull. There are 12 such pairs in mammals, birds, and reptiles and usually 10 pairs in amphibians and fish. |
| ccd-8lu cell | Human normal lung fibroblast cell line established from a caucasian 48-years-old human male. Derived from normal tissue from patient who died of cerebral thrombosis. |
| au-565 cell | The AU565 cell line was derived from a pleural effusion of a patient with breast adenocarcinoma. This cell line was established from the same patient as SK-BR-3. The patient, a White, Caucasian female, age 43, blood type A+, had been treated with radiation, steroids, cytoxan and 5-fluorouracil. |
| nci-h526 cell | Human small cell lung cancer cell line; established from a 55 years old caucasian male. |
| retinal ganglion cell line | |
| laryngeal cancer cell | Cancer or tumor cell of the larynx or any of its parts: the glottis, epiglottis, laryngeal cartilages, laryngeal muscles, and vocal cords. |
| medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus | The largest of the medial nuclei of the thalamus, having a rostral magnocellular part and a caudolateral parvocellular part, both of which make extensive intrathalamic connections with most of the other thalamic nuclei. |
| kms-6 cell | Human embryonic fibroblast cell line; established from a 9-weeks-old embryo of Homo sapiens. Normal fibroblasts. Finite lifespan. |
| atherosclerotic plaque | A buildup of cholesterol and fatty material within a blood vessel due to the effects of atherosclerosis. A fatty deposit in the intima (inner lining) of an artery, resulting from atherosclerosis. |
| atrium | In the heart, the atrium is an upper chamber found on both sides of the heart. The left atrium receives red, oxygenated blood from the lungs by way of the pulmonary veins. The right atrium receives dark red blood from the other parts of the body. |
| secretory cell | Cell specialised for secretion, usually epithelial. Those that secrete proteins characteristically have well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, whereas conspicuous smooth endoplasmic reticulum is typical of cells that secrete lipid or lipid derived products (e.g. Steroids). |
| longissimus lumborum | Lumbar muscle that extends and rotates the vertebral column. |
| rag cell | Mouse, BALB/cd, kidney, adenocarcinoma cell line. Derived from the original Renal-2a BALB/cd renal adenocarcinoma. Cells produce the unique kidney specific esterase ES-2 and have been used in somatic cell hybridisation studies because of their azaguanine resistant properties. |
| atrial gland | The atrial gland is an exocrine organ that secretes into the oviduct of Aplysia californica and expresses three homologous genes belonging to the egg-laying hormone gene family. |
| neuroendocrine tumor cell | A cell of any of a diverse group of tumors containing neurosecretory cells that cause endocrine dysfunction, most are carcinoids or carcinomas. They occur most often in the gastrointestinal tract, in bronchial and tracheal mucous membranes, and in teratoid ovarian tumors. |
| kasumi-1 cell | Human acute myelocytic leukemia cell line; derived from the peripheral blood of a 7-year-old japanese boy with acute myelocytic leukemia in relapse after bone marrow transplantation. |
| theca externa | The outer, fibrous layer of the theca folliculi. |
| neurilemoma cell | A tumor of a neurilemma, the most common type of neurogenic tumor, usually isolated and encapsulated. Most are benign but occasionally they become malignant. |
| nci-h128 cell | Small cell lung cancer cell line. |
| ntera-2 cell | Human embryonal carcinoma (teratocarcinoma). NTERA-2 was cloned from cell line TERA-2 which was derived from a metastatic teratocarcinoma of a 22-year-old Caucasian male. |
| schizont | A multinucleate sporozoan (as a malaria parasite) that reproduces by schizogony. |
| navicular bone | The ovoid-shaped tarsal bone that is situated between the talus and the three cuneiform bones. |
| 3t3-l1 cell | L1 is a continuous substrain of 3T3 Swiss albino developed through clonal isolation. Cells undergo a pre-adipose to adipose like conversion as they progress from a rapidly dividing to a confluent and contact inhibited state. A high serum content in the medium enhances fat accumulation. |
| rheumatoid arthritis disease specific synovial tissue | Chronic inflammatory disease in which there is destruction of joints. Considered by some to be an autoimmune disorder in which immune complexes are formed in joints and excite an inflammatory response (complex mediated hypersensitivity). Cell-mediated (type IV) hypersensitivity also occurs and macrophages accumulate. This in turn leads to the destruction of the synovial lining. |
| vegetative cell | 1: Growing or having the power of growing. 2: Of, relating to, or engaged in nutritive and growth functions as contrasted with reproductive functions. |
| skeletal muscle cell line | |
| daltons lymphoma cell | Spontaneous T cell lymphoma. |
| insulinoma cell | A cell of a usually benign tumor of the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas. |
| lovo-li cell | Colorectal cancer cell line. |
| mrc-5 cell | Homo sapiens (human) lung; fibroblast; normal cell line. The MRC-5 cell line was derived from normal lung tissue of a 14-week-old male fetus by J.P. Jacobs in September of 1966. |
| anaplastic thyroid cancer cell | Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is an aggressive form of cancer of the thyroid gland. |
| im-9 cell | Human B lymphoblastoid cell line (from patient with multiple myeloma); established from the bone marrow of a woman with multiple myeloma in 1967. Although derived from the blood of a patient with multiple myeloma, this line has been shown to be an EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell line. |
| sk-mel-5 cell | Human caucasian skin melanoma cell line; established from a 24 year old Caucasian female. Derived from: axillary node. |
| serous adenocarcinoma cell line | |
| burkitt lymphoma cell | Malignant tumour cell of lymphoblasts derived from B-lymphocytes. Most commonly affects children in tropical Africa: both Epstein-Barr virus and immunosuppression due to malarial infection are involved. |
| mcf-7 cell | Human breast adenocarcinoma, established from the pleural effusion of a 69-year-old caucasian woman with metastatic mammary carcinoma (after radio- and hormone therapy) in 1970. Cells were described of being positive for cytoplasmic estrogen receptors and having the capability to form domes. |
| corm | A rounded thick modified underground stem base bearing membranous or scaly leaves and buds and acting as a vegetative reproductive structure. |
| cell suspension culture | Particles floating in (not necessarily on) a liquid medium, or the mix of particles and liquid itself. |
| amacrine cell | An unipolar nerve cell found in the retina, in the olfactory bulb, and in close connection with the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. |
| s2 cell | The hybridoma line S2 has been obtained by fusion of the myeloma P3x63 Ag6.653 and spleen cells from (C57 BL/6 x BALB/c) F1 female mice after a single injection of lymphoblastoid cells. |
| j-774a.1 cell | Mouse monocytes-macrophages, established from a tumor in a female BALB/c mouse in 1968; cells were described to synthesize lysozyme and interleukin-1 and to have receptors for immunoglobulin and complement. |
| odontoblast | Any of the elongated radially arranged cells on the surface of the dental pulp that secrete dentin. |
| vascular smooth muscle cell | Vascular smooth muscle refers to the particular type of smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels. |
| promastigote | Any of the bodies representing the morphological leptomonad stage in the life cycle of certain trypanosomatid protozoa resembling the typical adult form of members of the genus Leptomonas, in which the elongate or pear-shaped cell has a central nucleus and at the anterior end a kinetoplast and a basal body from which arises a single long, slender flagellum. |
| mesocarp | The middle layer of a pericarp. |
| hyperpallium apicale | |
| left atrium | The left atrium receives oxygenated blood back from the lungs and pumps it down into the left ventricle for relatively high-pressure delivery to the body. |
| headfoot | The head-foot is the part you see most easily in slugs and snails. It is mostly a muscular organ covered in cilia and rich in mucous cells, which the mollusc uses to move around, it normally tapers to a tail at one end and has a head incorporated in the front. The head includes a mouth, eyes and tentacles, the last two may be much reduced or even absent. In those species with shells the head-foot can be drawn into the shell. |
| colo-699 cell | Non-small cell lung cancer cell line. |
| yolk sac erythroid cell | |
| synovia | A transparent viscid lubricating fluid secreted by a membrane of an articulation, bursa, or tendon sheath. |
| larval integument | |
| embryonic kidney cell line | |
| flower bud | A bud that will develop into a flower. |
| fruit juice | Juice produced by squeezing or crushing fruit. |
| endogenous progenitor cell | Circulating endogenous progenitor cells are isolated from human peripheral blood and are capable of vascular repair. |
| adipose-derived stem cell | Most adult stem cells are lineage-restricted (multipotent) and are generally referred to by their tissue origin e.g. adipose-derived stem cell. |
| ej-1 cell | Human urinary bladder cancer cell line. |
| astrocyte | A star-shaped cell, especially a neuroglial cell of nervous tissue. |
| stele | The usually cylindrical central vascular portion of the axis of a vascular plant. |
| alveolar wall | The alveolar walls contain capillaries and a very small interstitial space. In some alveolar walls there are pores between alveoli. There are two major alveolar cell types in the alveolar wall: 1. Flat Type I cells forming the structure of a alveolar wall. 2. Type II cells which secrete surfactant which lowers the surface tension and divide to produce Type I cells. |
| alveolar epithelium | Epithelia of lung alveoli. The layer of cells covering the lining of the tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles. |
| colo-678 cell | |
| intercalated cell | Each component of the collecting duct system contains two cell types, intercalated cells and a segment-specific cell type. |
| trophosome tissue | Various chemolithotrophs have been found to live in symbiotic association with animals of the thermal vents. For example the 2-m-long tube worms lack a mouth, gut or anus but contain a modified gastrointestinal tract consisting of spongy tissue called the trophosome. Making up about 50% of the weight of the worm, trophosome tissue is loaded with sulfur granules and large numbers of symbiotic prokaryotic cells (average of 4 X 109 cells per g of trophosome tissue). Trophosome tissue also shows activity of the enzyme RubisCO and other enzymes of the Calvin cycle, the pathway by which most autotrophic organisms fix CO2 into cellular material. |
| tail fin | A fin at the posterior part of the body of a fish, crustacean, whale, or other aquatic animal. |
| hsc-4 cell | Human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line. |
| nerve | Any of the filamentous bands of nervous tissue that connect parts of the nervous system with the other organs, conduct nervous impulses, and are made up of axons and dendrites together with protective and supportive structures. |
| xc cell | Rat XC sarcoma cell line, derived from a Rous sarcoma virus-induced Wistar strain rat tumor. XC forms syncytia when cultured in the presence of murine leukemia virus-producing mouse cells. However, one XC cell culture (designated as XC-v cells), found to produce type C virus particles, fails to form syncytia in the presence of murine leukemia virus-producing mouse cells. |
| mantle | A fold or lobe or pair of lobes of the body wall of a mollusk or brachiopod that in shell-bearing forms lines the shell and bears shell-secreting glands. |
| foreign-body giant cell | Syncytium formed by the fusion of macrophages in response to an indigestible particle too large to be phagocytosed for example talc, silica or asbestos fibres. Multinucleated cells (fused macrophages), characteristic of granulomatous inflammation, which form around exogenous material in the skin. They are similar in appearance to Langhans giant cells, but foreign-body giant cells have more abundant chromatin and their nuclei are scattered in an irregular pattern in the cytoplasm. |
| foot muscle | |
| meynert's basal nucleus | A group of neurons in the basal forebrain that has wide projections to the neocortex and is rich in acetylcholine and choline acetyltransferase. It undergoes degeneration in paralysis agitans and Alzheimer's disease. |
| hgf cell | Human gingival stroma cell line. |
| stolon | A horizontal branch from the base of a plant that produces new plants from buds at its tip or nodes (as in the strawberry). |
| loin | The part of a human being or quadruped on each side of the spinal column between the hipbone and the false ribs. |
| umr-106-01 cell | Rat osteosarcoma osteoblastlike cell line. |
| aorta smooth muscle cell line | |
| cerebral gyrus | One of the convolutions of the surface of the cerebral hemispheres caused by infolding of the cortex. |
| spikelet | A small or secondary spike, specifically one of the small few-flowered bracted spikes that make up the compound inflorescence of a grass or sedge. |
| pc-12d cell | A cell line which originated from a pheochromocytoma in rat adrenal medulla. |
| lung fibroblast cell line | |
| mt-4 cell | Human T cell Lymphotropic Virus-I (HTLV-I) carrying human T cell line. |
| resting cell | A cell that is not actively in the process of dividing. |
| wax gland | Any gland which secretes a wax product in a scale, string or powder. Coccidae: the circumgenital and parastigmatic glands. Hymenoptera: Apoidea, abdominal glands that produce beeswax. Neuroptera (Coniopterygidae): glands on head, thorax and abdomen which produce a meal-like wax. Wax glands have been identified on all tagmata and appendages. |
| hs-68 cell | Hs68 is one of a series of human foreskin fibroblast lines developed at the Naval Biosciences Laboratory (NBL) in Oakland, CA. The material was obtained from an apparently normal Caucasian newborn male in February, 1969. |
| lymphatic endothelial cell | The main type of cell found in the inside lining of lymph vessels. |
| guard cell | One of the two crescent-shaped epidermal cells that border and open and close a plant stoma. |
| cx-1 cell | Human colon adenocarcinoma cell line; established from the tumor tissue of a 44-year-old woman with well-differentiated colon adenocarcinoma in 1984; cell line is a subclone of cell line HT-29. |
| sk-br-3 cell | Human breast adenocarcinoma cell line; established from a caucasian female 43 years old. Morphology: epithelial-like. |
| decidua basalis | The area of endometrium between the implanted chorionic vesicle and the myometrium, which develops into the maternal part of the placenta. |
| lateral ventricle | An internal cavity in each cerebral hemisphere that consists of a central body and three cornua including an anterior one curving forward and outward, a posterior one curving backward, and an inferior one curving downward. |
| chondrocyte cell line | |
| mrc5-sv cell | This cell line is derived by simian virus 40 transformation of MRC5 fibroblasts. |
| hc-11 cell | Mouse mammary epithelial cell line. |
| pheochromocytoma cell | Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor that arises from tissue in the adrenal gland. The tumor increases production of adrenaline and noradrenaline, which raises blood pressure and heart rate. |
| neonate | A newborn child; especially: a child less than a month old. |
| head | The upper or anterior division of the animal body that contains the brain, the chief sense organs, and the mouth. |
| pancreatic beta cell | One of the cells that compose the bulk of the islets of Langerhans and secrete insulin. |
| pro-b-lymphocyte cell line | |
| daltons lymphoma ascites cell | |
| pleural fluid | Your body produces pleural fluid in small amounts to lubricate the surfaces of the pleura, the thin membrane that lines the chest cavity and surrounds the lungs. |
| u-937 cell | Human histiocytic lymphoma established from the pleural effusion of a 37-year-old man with generalized diffuse histiocytic lymphoma in 1974. Cells were described to express markers and properties of monocytes; Human leukemic monocyte lymphoma cell line. |
| synovial cell | Fibroblast-like cells that form 1-6 epithelioid layers in the synovial membrane of joints; believed to contribute proteoglycans and hyaluronate to the synovial fluid. |
| f9-12 cell | The yeast genomic DNA from the strain F9 was transferred to the established mouse fibroblast cell line L A-9 by fusion with yeast spheroplasts followed by selection with G418 to select for cells which had taken up yeast DNA. Seventeen independent cell lines, called F9-1 to F9-17, were grown up from colonies on separate plates. |
| bulbil | A small bulb that develops from an aerial bud. Bulbils are easily detached and function as a means of vegetative propagation. They may form from lateral buds, as in the lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria), or develop in place of flowers, as in many species of Allium. Certain forms of apomixis give rise to bulbils, as seen in the lesser bulbous saxifrage (Saxifraga cernua). The term is also applied to various outgrowths formed by lower plants that become detached and develop into new plants. For example, the fern Asplenium bulbiferum produces bulbils on the upper surface of its fronds and Lycopodium selago has bulbils in the axils of the uppermost leaves. |
| adult stem cell line | |
| cuboid bone | The cuboid bone. |
| juxtaglomerular cell | One of the three cellular components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Juxtaglomerular cells are not granular cells but are granulated as they release renin. |
| eosinophilic leukemia cell line | A form of granulocytic leukemia cell line characterized by abnormal numbers of or a predomination of eosinophilic granulocytes in the tissues and blood. |
| be(2)-m17 cell | Human caucasian neuroblastoma cell line. The cell line BE(2)-M17 was isolated from SK-N-BE(2) by limiting dilution. |
| cardiac muscle | The principal muscle tissue of the vertebrate heart made up of striated fibers that appear to be separated from each other under the electron microscope but that function in long-term rhythmic contraction as if in protoplasmic continuity. |
| glottis | The middle part of the larynx; the area where the vocal cords are located. |
| hscc cell | Human squamous cell carcinoma cell line. |
| hypanthium | The ringlike, cup-shaped, or tubular structure of a flower on which the sepals, petals, and stamens are borne, as in the flowers of the rose or cherry. |
| tad-2 cell | Immortalized normal thyroid cell line. |
| urophysis | This is a neurosecretory organ found on the ventral aspect of the distal end of the spinal cord in fishes. These bodies are composed of unmyelinated axons terminating on a capillary wall. The function of the urophysis is unknown. |
| cerebral granule cell | Granule cells found within the layer 4 of cerebral cortex. |
| respiratory epithelium cell line | |
| acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line | Lymphocytic leukemia cell line that is marked by an abnormal increase in the number of lymphoblasts, that is characterized by rapid onset and progression of symptoms which include fever, anemia, pallor, fatigue, appetite loss, bleeding, thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia, bone and joint pain, and enlargement of the lymph nodes, liver, and spleen, and that occurs chiefly during childhood. |
| ben-men-1 cell | Human benign meningioma cell line; established in 2003 from the meningothelial meningioma grade I attached to the parietal falx of a 68-year-old woman after surgical tumor resection; cells were immortalized by retroviral transduction with human telomerase reverse transcriptase. |
| nci-h441 cell | Homo sapiens lung papillary adenocarcinoma cell line. The NCI-H441 cell line was derived in 1982 from the pericardial fluid of a patient with papillary adenocarcinoma of the lung. |
| radular muscle | |
| epidermal cell line | |
| lbetat2 cell | Murine pituitary gonadotrope cell line. |
| spindle cell | A fusiform cell, such as those in the deeper layers of the cerebral cortex. |
| larval ventral ganglion | Abdominal neuromere of the larva. The larval ventral ganglion is less complex than the brain, consists of a smaller number of neurons and shows in general a homomeric composition. Despite its reduced complexity, the larval ventral ganglion possesses peptidergic interneurons as well as neurosecretory cells producing peptide hormones, and receives sensory inputs of different modalities. |
| ecc-1 cell | An established epithelial cell line derived from an adenocarcinoma of human endometrial lining. |
| juvenile | Physiologically immature or undeveloped stage. |
| regio parietalis capitis | The surface region of the head corresponding to the outlines of the underlying parietal bone. |
| aorta | The great arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body. |
| brain endothelial cell | |
| digestive juice | |
| jb6 cell | Mouse epidermal cell line. |
| fl-318 cell | Cell line established from effusion cells of two Japanese patients manifesting the transformed histology of follicular lymphoma. |
| femoral artery | The main artery of the thigh, supplying blood to the groin and lower extremity. |
| m-1 myeloid leukemia cell | Mouse myeloid leukemia cell line. Origin: bone marrow from SL mouse with spontaneous myeloid leukemia was injected into isogenic mice and the cell line was established from the ensuing hyperplastic lymph nodes 14 days later by recloning on soft agar; homotransplantable and forms colonies on soft agar (granulocytic/macrophage differentation inducible by IL-3, LPS or dexamethasone). |
| oil secretion | |
| neural arch | One of the cartilaginous structures surrounding the embryonic spinal cord, formed by the dorsal growth of the dorsolateral arcualia; it is the primordium of the vertebral arch. |
| epiphysis | A part or process of a bone that ossifies separately and later becomes ankylosed to the main part of the bone; especially: an end of a long bone. |
| uterine leiomyoma cell | A benign tumor of the smooth muscle fibers of the uterus. |
| hbl-2 cell | Human diffuse large B cell lymphoma cell line. |
| rie-1 cell | Rat intestinal epithelial cell line. |
| hallux | The first digit of the foot. |
| adrenocortical carcinoma cell line | |
| ebv-lcl cell | Human B-lymphoblastoid cell line transformed by Epstein-Barr (EBV-LCLs) Virus. |
| iec-18 cell | A nontransformed rat small intestine cell line. |
| chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell | Cell of a neoplastic disease of middle or old age, characterized by excessive numbers of circulating lymphocytes of normal, mature appearance, usually B-lymphocytes; presumably a neoplastic transformation of lymphoid stem cells. |
| intestinal muscle | |
| m14 cell | The human melanoma cell line M14 has been established from surgically removed melanoma metastases. |
| cw-2 cell | Human colorectal adenocarcinoma tumor cell line. |
| nb-1 cell | Human neuroblastoma cell line. |
| air pouch | An air pouch is produced by subcutaneous injection of sterile air into the back of a mouse or rat. With the air pouch model large volumes of inflammatory exudates can be collected with relative ease. Injection of carrageenan solution or other inflammatory irritant (i.e. LPS, bradykinin), into the air pouch causes an inflammatory reaction. |
| final leaf | The last leaf to emerge in a determinate plant, also referred to as the flag leaf in cereal crops. |
| ger cell | Human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| alveolar mucosa | The mucous membrane apical to the attached gingiva. |
| nci-h146 cell | Small cell lung cancer cell line. |
| endometrial stromal cell | |
| pituitary gland tumor cell | A benign tumor of the pituitary, the master gland that controls other glands and influences numerous body functions including growth. Although the tumor itself is not cancerous, it may affect pituitary function, and therefore may need to be removed. |
| chronic myeloid leukemia cell line | |
| k-562 cell | Human chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis established from the pleural effusion of a 53-year-old woman with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in blast crisis in 1970. |
| giant cell carcinoma cell | A poorly differentiated, highly malignant, epithelial neoplasm containing numerous very large, multinucleated tumor cells, such as occurs in the lungs. |
| mcf-12a cell | Human mammary epithelial cell line. |
| myometrial cell | |
| gynoecium | The female reproductive organs of a flower; the pistil or pistils considered as a group. |
| neural lobe | The expanded distal portion of the neurohypophysis. |
| foot sole | The underside of the foot. |
| ku-812 cell | Human chronic myeloid leukemia in myeloid blast crisis, established from the peripheral blood of a 38-year-old man with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in myeloid blast crisis; described to express basophilic features. |
| nci-n87 cell | NCI-N87 is a gastric carcinoma cell line derived in 1976 by A. Gazdar and associates at the National Cancer Institute from a liver metastasis of a well differentiated carcinoma of the stomach taken prior to cytotoxic therapy. The tumor was passaged as a xenograft in athymic nude mice for three passages before the cell line was established. |
| kurloff cell | Cells found in the blood and organs of guinea pigs that contain large secretory granules but are of unknown function. |
| hl60/dnr cell | Acute promyelocytic leukemia resistant to daunorubicin. |
| peritoneal cavity | The potential space of capillary thinness between the parietal and the visceral peritoneum, which is normally empty except for a thin serous fluid that keeps the surfaces moist. |
| nucleus pulposus | An elastic pulpy mass lying in the center of each intervertebral fibrocartilage and regarded as a remnant of the notochord. |
| angioblast | The mesenchymal tissue of the embryo from which the blood cells and blood vessels differentiate. |
| cem-adr5000 cell | Doxorubicin-resistant human acute T lymphoblastic leukemia cell line CEM/ADR5000. |
| median nucleus of thalamus | Small groups of nonspecific nerve cells scattered in the periventricular gray substance, separating the medial part of the thalamus from the ependyma of the third ventricle, and partly forming the interthalamic adhesion; included in the group are the anterior and posterior paraventricular nuclei, nucleus parataenialis, nucleus commissuralis rhomboidalis, and nucleus reuniens. |
| rn-46a cell | Rat raphe-nuclei derived neuronal cell line. |
| faza cell | Rat hepatoma cell line. |
| corpus cardiacum | A pair of neurohemal organs located on the walls of the aorta just behind the brain. The corpora cardiaca release their store of PTTH only after they receive a signal from neurosecretory cells in the brain. |
| skin fibroblast cell line | |
| interventricular septum | The partition that separates the left ventricle from the right ventricle, consisting of a muscular and a membranous part. |
| colorectal adenoma cell | |
| osteoblast cell line | |
| hek-293-trkb cell | HEK-TrkB cells are derived from HEK-293 cells, engineered to express the brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor, TrkB. |
| colo-38 cell | Human melanoma cell line. |
| jhu-022 cell | Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell line. |
| ln-308 cell | Human glioblastoma cell line. |
| hyalocyte | A cell occurring in the peripheral part of the vitreous body that may be responsible for production of hyaluronic acid and possibly of collagen. |
| mv-522 cell | Human non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma cell line. This cell line is of high metastatic potential. It is a high metastatic variant of UCP-3. |
| hk-2 cell | An immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cell line from normal adult human kidney. |
| vastus medialis | One of the four muscles of the quadriceps femoris group, situated in the medial part of the thigh. The muscle functions in combination with other parts of the quadriceps femoris to extend the leg. |
| suprachiasmatic nucleus | A small group of neurons situated immediately dorsal to the optic chiasma in the anterior hypothalamus. |
| brain cell line | |
| mammary epithelium | The human breast epithelium is a branching ductal system composed of an inner layer of polarized luminal epithelial cells and an outer layer of myoepithelial cells that terminate in distally located terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs). |
| seminiferous tubule | One of two or three twisted, curved tubules in each lobule of the testis in which spermatozoa develop. |
| inner medullary collecting duct | |
| quadriceps | The greater extensor muscle of the front of the thigh that is divided into four parts: rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis. |
| f-9 cell | Mouse embryonal carcinoma, initiated from a testicular teratocarcinoma of a strain 129 mouse. |
| human bone marrow endothelial cell line | |
| bursa copulatrix | A thin fan or bell-shaped expansion of the cuticle of the tail of many male nematode worms that functions as a copulatory structure. |
| urinary system | The organs and passageways concerned with the production and excretion of urine, including the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. |
| c-127 cell | Murine mammary tumor line from a female mus musculus. |
| skin | The integument of an animal (as a fur-bearing mammal or a bird) separated from the body usually with its hair or feathers. |
| connective tissue | The tissue which binds together and is the support of the various structures of the body. It is made up of fibroblasts, fibroglia, collagen fibrils, and elastic fibrils. It is derived from the mesoderm and in a broad sense includes the collagenous, elastic, mucous, reticular, osseous, and cartilaginous tissue. Some also include the blood in this group of tissues. Connective tissue is classified according to concentration of fibers as loose (areolar) and dense, the latter having more abundant fibers than the former. |
| hs-294t cell | Human melanoma cell line. |
| neurofibroma cell | A usually benign tumor of peripheral nerves caused by abnormal proliferation of Schwann cells. |
| thymic epithelium | |
| skin cancer cell | The two most common forms of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Together, these two are also referred to as nonmelanoma skin cancer. Melanoma is generally the most serious form of skin cancer because it tends to spread (metastasize) throughout the body quickly. |
| inferior cervical ganglion | An inconstant ganglion formed in place of the usual cervicothoracic ganglion by fusion of the lower two cervical ganglia in instances where the first thoracic ganglion remains separate. |
| b6tert-1 cell | Immortalized normal human cytotrophoblast (CT) cell line. |
| embryonic stem cell line | |
| skw6.4 cell | Human B-lymphoblastoid cell line. |
| bt-474 cell | Human breast ductal carcinoma cell line; established from a solid, invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast; obtained from a 60-year-old woman; cells were reportedly tumorigenic in athymic mice and were found to be susceptible to mouse mammary tumor virus. |
| vcap cell | Human prostate cancer cell line. |
| dorsum | The back; especially : the entire dorsal surface of an animal. |
| parenchyma | The tissue characteristic of an organ, as distinguished from associated connective or supporting tissues. |
| palpus | A segmented usually tactile or gustatory process on an arthropod mouthpart. |
| wm-115 cell | Human melanoma cell line. The WM-115 cell line was derived from the primary tumor of a 58 years old female. |
| blood cancer cell | The major forms of blood cancer are lymphoma, leukemia and multiple myeloma. They affect the way a body makes blood and provides immunity from other diseases. |
| n-38 cell | TCAP-1-responsive mouse hypothalamic cell line. |
| endomesoderm | An embryonic blastomere or cell layer not yet differentiated into mesoderm and endoderm but destined to give rise to both. |
| parahippocampal gyrus | A long convolution on the medial surface of the temporal lobe, forming the lower part of the fornicate gyrus, extending from behind the splenium corporis callosi forward along the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus from which it is demarcated by the hippocampal fissure. The anterior extreme of the gyrus curves back upon itself, forming the uncus, the major location of the olfactory cortex. |
| normoblast | A nucleated red blood cell, the immediate precursor of a normal red blood cell in humans. |
| snu-398 cell | Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. |
| gastrointestinal smooth muscle | |
| cerebellum | A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe. |
| cystadenocarcinoma cell | A malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. Cystadenocarcinomas develop frequently in the ovaries, where pseudomucinous and serous types are recognised. |
| septum pellucidum | The septum pellucidum is made up of two thin sheets of mostly glial-like elements that abut each other in the midline and have a potential space between them. Those sheets also separate the left and right lateral ventricles from each other. At the base of the sheets rostrally, however, are the septal nuclei, which are important components of the limbic system. |
| khos-240s cell | Human osteosarcoma cell line; this line is a revertant of KHOS/NP (R-970-5) cell line that no longer has a rescuable Kirsten murine sarcoma virus genome. |
| rth-149 cell | Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, hepatoma cell line. |
| genital mucosa | |
| satellite cell | 1. Glial cells that cluster about a neuron. 2. Free nuclei that accumulate around cells in certain diseases. 3. Elongated cells that are closely associated with a muscle fiber; they either are flattened against the fiber or occupy shallow depressions in its surface. |
| respiratory smooth muscle | |
| colo-357 cell | Human pancreatic cancer cell line. |
| renal vein | |
| soft tissue sarcoma cell | A malignant tumor that begins in the muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, or other soft supporting tissues of the body. Soft tissue sarcomas do not originate in bone or cartilage. |
| archenteron | The cavity of a gastrula forming a primitive gut. |
| endocervix | 1. The mucous membrane lining the canal of the cervix uteri. 2. The region of the opening of the uterine cervix into the uterine cavity. |
| human lens epithelial cell line | Human lens epithelial cell line. |
| tunica intima vasorum | The inner coat of the blood vessels, made up of endothelial cells surrounded by longitudinal elastic fibers and connective tissue. |
| salivary gland cancer cell | Cancer of the salivary gland is a malignant tumor of the tissues that produce saliva. |
| cce cell | CCE is a mouse embryonic stem cell line derived from 129/Sv mouse strain and has been provided for research use only. |
| d17 cell | Canine osteosarcoma cell line. |
| brodmann area 36 | Ectorhinal area 36 is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. With its medial boundary corresponding approximately to the rhinal sulcus it is located primarily in the fusiform gyrus. |
| brain myelin | |
| biceps | A muscle having two heads: as a: the large flexor muscle of the front of the upper arm b: the large flexor muscle of the back of the upper leg. |
| feather vane | The flattened part of the feather that is attached on either side of the rachis. Each feather has two vanes. |
| nectar | A sweet liquid that is secreted by the nectaries of a plant and is the chief raw material of honey. |
| pleural ganglion | The pallial cavity's nerve knots are called pleural ganglia. They innerve primarily the mantle or a snail. |
| cclp1 cell | Human cholangiocarcinoma cell line. |
| tear | A drop of clear saline fluid secreted by the lacrimal gland and diffused between the eye and eyelids to moisten the parts and facilitate their motion. |
| initial collecting tubule | The initial collecting tubule is a segment with a constitution similar as the collecting duct, but before the convergence with other tubules. |
| bic-1 cell | Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| human iliac artery endothelial cell | Human arterial endothelial cells, HAECs, are isolated from adult human iliac arteries of transplant donors by mechanically removing the endothelial layer and are cultured. |
| enamel organ | A circumscribed knoblike mass of ectodermal cells arising from the dental lamina; it produces the enamel cap from which the dental enamel develops. |
| second instar larva | Instar: a stage in the life of an arthropod (as an insect) between two successive molts. |
| gut | 1: The alimentary canal or a portion thereof, especially the intestine or stomach. 2: The embryonic digestive tube, consisting of the foregut, the midgut, and the hindgut. |
| sensillum | A simple epithelial sense organ of an invertebrate (as an insect) usually in the form of a spine, plate, rod, cone, or peg that is composed of one or a few cells with a nerve connection. |
| annulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis | The ring of fibrocartilage and fibrous tissue forming the circumference of the intervertebral disc; surrounds the nucleus pulposus, which is prone to herniation when the annulus fibrosus is compromised. |
| calu-6 cell | Human anaplastic carcinoma cell line, probably from lung. Established from a 62-years-old caucasian female. |
| sk-n-be(2)c cell | Human neuroblastoma cell line. |
| distal tip | The reproductive tract in the hermaphroditic nematode has two equivalent gonad arms. As it grows longer, that portion lying closer to the gonopore (vulva or cloaca) is termed the proximal arm, while the distal arm lies further away with the extreme end named the distal tip. |
| brain ventricle | Any of the system of communicating cavities in the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord. |
| jj012 cell | Human chondrosarcoma cell line. |
| 184a1n4 cell | The 184A1N4 and 184B5 cell lines are nontumorigenic cell lines derived from primary cultures of HMECs that were immortalized with benzo(a)pyrene. |
| tuberous root | A thick fleshy storage root like a tuber but lacking buds or scale leaves. |
| true leaf | A leaf typical of a plant that appears subsequent to the cotyledons. |
| cos cell | A cell line derived from the african green monkey and used for transfection and cloning. The cells are simian fibroblasts (cv 1 cells) transformed by sv40 that is deficient in the origin of replication region. They express large t antigen constitutively and if transfected with a vector containing a normal sv40 origin have all the other early viral genes necessary to generate multiple copies of the vector and thus to give very high levels of expression. |
| uterine serous carcinoma cell | Uterine serous carcinoma is an uncommon form of endometrial cancer that typically arises in postmenopausal women. |
| theca interna | Internal coat of theca folliculi: the inner, vascular layer of secretory cells of the theca folliculi. |
| interdigitating reticulum cell | An antigen-presenting cell in the paracortex of lymph nodes, interacting with T lymphocytes. |
| choriocarcinoma cell | A cell of an epithelial malignancy of trophoblastic cells, formed by the abnormal proliferation of cuboidal and syncytial cells of the placental epithelium, without the production of chorionic villi. Almost all cases arise in the uterus, developing from hydatidiform mole, following abortion, or during normal pregnancy. The remainder occur in ectopic pregnancies and genital (ovarian and testicular) and extragenital teratomas. |
| companion cell | A specialized parenchyma cell, located in the phloem of flowering plants and closely associated in development and function with a sieve-tube element. |
| mpct-g cell | Murine renal proximal (MPCT-G) tubular epithelial cell line. |
| 32d cell | Mouse bone marrow cell line; established from long-term bone marrow cultures of C3H/HeJ mice infected with the Friend murine leukemia virus. |
| gingival epithelium | A stratified squamous epithelium consisting of a basal layer; it is keratinized or parakeratinized. |
| tibialis posterior | A deeply situated muscle that arises from the tibia and fibula, interosseous membrane, and intermuscular septa, that is inserted by a tendon passing under the medial malleolus into the navicular and first cuneiform bones, and that flexes the foot in the direction of the sole and tends to invert it. |
| wm-793 cell | Primary human melanoma cell line; derived from a vertical growth phase primary melanoma in a patient who did not have a recurrence during 10-year clinical follow-up. |
| cnidoblast | A cell in the epidermis of coelenterates in which a nematocyst is developed. |
| cerebellar granule cell | Granule cells found within the granular layer of the cerebellum. |
| umbilical cord | A cord arising from the navel that connects the fetus with the placenta. |
| intramuscular adipose tissue | Adipose tissue which is located throughout skeletal muscle and is responsible for the marbling seen in certain cuts of beef. In humans, excess accumulation of intramuscular fat is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. |
| villus | Any of the small, slender, vascular projections that increase the surface area of a membrane. Important villous membranes include the placenta and the mucous-membrane coating of the small intestine. Each villus has a central core composed of one artery and one vein, a strand of muscle, a centrally located lymphatic capillary, and connective tissue that adds support to the structures. Covering the core of a villus is the surface mucous-membrane layer. This is mainly composed of two cell types: tall, narrow, columnar cells and goblet cells. |
| posterior hypothalamic nucleus | A nucleus of nerve cells in the posterior hypothalamic region, above the lateral and medial nuclei of the mammillary body; it has major brain stem connections via periventricular fibers and the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus. |
| myeloid cell line | |
| nhdf cell | Normal human dermal fibroblast cell line. |
| jurkat cell | Human T cell leukemia, established from the peripheral blood of a 14-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at first relapse in 1976; often this cell line is called JM (JURKAT and JM are derived from the same patient and are sister clones), occasionally JM may be a subclone with somewhat divergent features. |
| bone marrow cell line | |
| raw-264.7 cell | Mouse ascites macrophage cell line; established from a tumor induced by Abelson murine leukemia virus. |
| anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line | Cells to a more primitive or undifferentiated form of thyroid cancer. |
| wound fluid | |
| peritoneal fluid | A liquid that is made in the abdominal cavity to lubricate the surface of the tissue that lines the abdominal wall and pelvic cavity and covers most of the organs in the abdomen. |
| aortic endothelial cell | |
| rpaec cell | Rat pulmonary artery endothelial cell line. |
| hypophysis | A small oval endocrine organ that is attached to the infundibulum of the brain, consists of an epithelial anterior lobe joined by an intermediate part to a posterior lobe of nervous origin, and produces various internal secretions directly or indirectly impinging on most basic body functions. |
| nalm-6 cell | Human B cell precursor leukemia cell line; established from the peripheral blood of a 19-year-old man with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in relapse in 1976. |
| primary culture | Freshly isolated cultures from mammalian tissues are known as primary cultures until sub-cultured. At this stage, cells are usually heterogeneous but still closely represent the parent cell types as well as in the expression of tissue specific properties. After several sub-cultures onto fresh media, the cell line will either die out or transform to become a continuous cell line. Such cell lines show many alterations from the primary cultures including change in morphology, chromosomal variation and increase in capacity to give rise to tumors in hosts with week immune systems. |
| corn silk | The styles and stigmas that appear as a silky tuft or tassel at the tip of an ear of corn, used as a diuretic in herbal medicine. |
| c-10 cell | A line of murine alveolar type II lung epithelial cells. |
| macrophage foam cell | Cells in an atheroma derived from macrophages which have engulfed low-density lipoproteins by endocytosis. |
| hatching liquid | |
| bladder transitional cell carcinoma cell | Cancer that forms in transitional cells in the lining of the bladder. |
| hpaec cell | Human pulmonary artery endothelial cell line. |
| fungus form | |
| oe-e6/e7 cell | Immortalized human oviductal epithelial cell line. |
| primary cell line | |
| seed coat | The outer layer of a seed that is developed from the integuments of the ovule. |
| lung endothelium | |
| nerve trunk | The main stem of a nerve, consisting of a bundle of nerve fibers bound together by a tough sheet of connective tissue. |
| sessile cell | A permanently attached or established cell: not free to move about. |
| osteoclastoma cell | An osteolytic tumor cell affecting the metaphyses and epiphyses of long bones, composed of a stroma of spindle cells containing dispersed multinucleate giant cells, and usually being benign but sometimes malignant. |
| mel-ho cell | Human melanoma; established from the primary tumor of a woman with melanoma in 1976; cells express mRNA of the oncogene c-myc. |
| rostral ventrolateral medulla | |
| cl1-5 cell | Human lung adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| hepatic cecum | A ventral evagination extending anteriorly in the mid-portion of the intestine in Amphioxi probably homologous with the liver of other chordates. |
| snu-16 cell | Gastric carcinoma cell line; derived in 1987 by J. Park and associates from ascites of a patient with poorly differentiated carcinoma of the stomach. |
| peptonephridium | Organs opening into the buccal cavity of pharynx (supposedly modified nephridia) of invertebrates. |
| malignant peripheral nerve sheath cancer cell | A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is a cancerous peripheral nerve sheath tumor. |
| stem cortex | The outermost rows of cells in a cross section of the stem. |
| cyst | A body resembling a cyst: as a 1: capsule formed about a minute organism going into a resting or spore stage; also: this capsule with its contents. 2: a resistant cover about a parasite produced by the parasite or the host. |
| m-07e cell | A subline of the M-07 human megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line. |
| submerged culture | A method for growing pure cultures of aerobic bacteria in which microorganisms are incubated in a liquid medium subjected to continuous, vigorous agitation. |
| sarcocarp | The fleshy part of a stone fruit, situated between the skin, or epicarp, and the stone, or endocarp, as in a peach. The term has also been used to denote, any fruit which is fleshy throughout. |
| superior frontal gyrus | It makes up about one-third of the frontal lobe of the human brain. It is bounded laterally by the superior frontal sulcus. The superior frontal gyrus, like the inferior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus, is more of a region than a true gyrus. |
| entorhinal area | The inferior and posterior parts of the piriform area, including the caudal part of the parahippocampal gyrus. |
| lens nucleus | The core of the crystalline lens, surrounded by the cortex. |
| wehi-7.2 cell | Glucocorticoid sensitive murine T cell lymphoma cell line. |
| hepatic primordium | |
| hb1.f3 cell | Human neural stem cell line. |
| blood vessel endothelium | |
| sebum | Fatty lubricant matter secreted by sebaceous glands of the skin. |
| nci-h23 cell | Human lung adenocarcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer cell line. |
| area postrema | A small, elevated area in the lateral wall of the inferior recess of the fourth ventricle; one of the few loci in the brain where the blood-brain barrier is lacking; a chemoreceptor area associated with vomiting. A tongue-shaped structure in the caudal region of the fourth ventricle of the brain. |
| coronary artery endothelial cell | |
| li90 cell | Immortalized human hepatic stellate cell line. |
| perineurium | The connective-tissue sheath that surrounds a bundle of nerve fibers. |
| sertoli cell line | |
| cervical cell line | |
| haca-4 cell | Mouse skin squamous carcinoma cell line. |
| bl-70 cell | Human Burkitt lymphoma cell line; established from the tumor tissue at relapse of a 16-year-old Caucasian boy with Burkitt lymphoma. |
| gingiva | The tissue that surrounds the necks of teeth and covers the alveolar parts of the jaws; broadly: the alveolar portion of a jaw with its enveloping soft tissues. |
| umbilical cord cell line | |
| chorion frondosum | The part of the chorion where the villi persist, forming the foetal part of the placenta. |
| human brain microvascular endothelial cell | |
| nucleus reuniens | One of the median nuclei of the thalamus; it is situated near the interthalamic adhesion, bordering the third ventricle, ventral to the central medial nucleus. |
| hos cell | Homo sapiens bone osteosarcoma cell line; established from a 13-years-old caucasian female. |
| ovotestis | A hermaphrodite gonad (as in some scale insects). |
| psammomatous meningioma cell | A firm fibrous neoplasm of meninges of the brain and spinal cord characterized by psammona bodies. |
| deep inguinal lymph node | One of several small inconstant lymph nodes, proximal, intermediate and distal deep to the fascia lata and medial to the femoral vein; they receive lymph from the deep structures of the lower limb, from the glans penis and from superficial inguinal nodes; efferents pass to the external iliac nodes. |
| hep-g2/c3a cell | Cultured hepatoma cells derived from Hep-G2. |
| hep-3 cell | Human epidermoid-carcinoma cell line that expresses urokinase-type plasminogen activator u-PA and u-PAR. |
| ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell | Mouse cancer cell. |
| gt1 cell | GT1 cells belong to an immortalized line of mouse hypothalamic GnRH secreting neurons that exhibit a pulsatile secretion of GnRH. |
| hairy root | A phase of crown gall (especially in apples) during which there is abnormal development of fine fibrous roots. |
| right atrium | The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the vena cava and pumps it into the right ventricle which then sends it to the lungs. |
| giant cell tumor cell line | Human fibrous histiocytoma cell line, established from a 29 years old male. |
| embryoid body | Embryoid bodies are structures resembling embryos, occurring in several types of germ cell tumors. |
| middle frontal gyrus | It makes up about one-third of the frontal lobe of the human brain. A gyrus is one of the prominent bumps or ridges on the surface of the human brain. The middle frontal gyrus, like the inferior frontal gyrus and the superior frontal gyrus, is more of a region than a true gyrus. The borders of the middle frontal gyrus are the inferior frontal sulcus below; the superior frontal sulcus above; and the precentral sulcus behind. |
| hpb-all cell | Human T cell leukemia cell line; established from the peripheral blood of a 14-year-old Japanese boy with ALL and thymoma at diagnosis in 1973. |
| clitoris | A small erectile organ at the anterior or ventral part of the vulva homologous to the penis. |
| ov-90 cell | Human ovary malignant papillary serous adenocarcinoma cell line; derived from metastatic site: ascites. |
| sebaceous gland cell line | |
| hypopharyngeal carcinoma cell line | |
| pons | A broad mass of chiefly transverse nerve fibers conspicuous on the ventral surface of the brain of man and lower mammals at the anterior end of the medulla oblongata. |
| prostate gland | A firm partly muscular partly glandular body that is situated about the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid. |
| sporozoite | A usually motile infective form of some sporozoans that is a product of sporogony and initiates an asexual cycle in the new host. |
| memory t-lymphocyte | A T-cell that bears receptors for a specific foreign antigen encountered during a prior infection or vaccination. After an infection or a vaccination, some of the T-cells that participated in the response remain as memory T-cells, which can rapidly mobilize and clone themselves should the same antigen be re-encountered during a second infection at a later time. |
| laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell | |
| oliva | A part of each pyramid of the medulla oblongata, between the ventrolateral and dorsolateral sulci; it is formed by an irregular mass of gray substance (nucleus olivaris caudalis) located just beneath its surface and is linked by fiber systems to the pons and cerebellum. |
| dorsal nerve cord | The dorsal tubular cord of nervous tissue above the notochord of a chordate that comprises or develops into the central nervous system. |
| myoepithelium | A specialized type of epithelium that has contractile qualities. |
| amniocyte | A cell of fetal origin obtained in an amniotic fluid specimen. |
| pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell | |
| submandibular lymph node | The three to six nodes alongside the submandibular gland, through which lymph drains from the adjacent skin and mucous membrane. |
| pleopod | One of the paired abdominal appendages of certain aquatic crustaceans, such as shrimp, lobsters, and isopods, that function primarily for carrying the eggs in females and are usually adapted for swimming. |
| bile ductule | One of the fine terminal elements of the bile duct system, leaving the portal canal, and pursuing a course at the periphery of a lobule of the liver. Rarely called bile capillary. |
| nsc-34 cell | NSC-34 is a hybrid cell line, produced by fusion of motor neuron enriched, embryonic mouse spinal cord cells with mouse neuroblastoma. |
| interrenal gland | Structures in fishes homologous to the cortical tissue of the mammalian adrenal gland; they are in close proximity to or imbedded in the kidney. |
| alpha-tc1.9 cell | Glucagon-releasing mouse cell line. |
| heart | 1: A hollow muscular organ of vertebrate animals that by its rhythmic contraction acts as a force pump maintaining the circulation of the blood. 2: A structure in an invertebrate animal functionally analogous to the vertebrate heart. |
| i-cell | An abnormal fibroblast containing a large number of dark inclusions that fill the central part of the cytoplasm except for the juxtanuclear zone; seen in mucolipidosis II. |
| plant cuticle | A thin continuous fatty or waxy film on the external surface of many higher plants that consists chiefly of cutin. |
| midgut secretion | |
| muscle stem cell | |
| larval brain | |
| geo cell | Human colon cancer cell line. |
| cardia | The opening of the esophagus into the stomach; also: the part of the stomach adjoining this opening. |
| nrk-52e cell | Rat kidney epithelial-like cells. Cell line was cloned from a mixed culture of normal rat kidney cells as was NRK-49F the two cell lines were described to be distinct in growth properties and in transforming abilities; NRK-52E is supposed to be much more stable. |
| sympathetic chain | Either of the pair of ganglionated longitudinal cords of the sympathetic nervous system of which one is situated on each side of the spinal column. |
| tibialis anterior | A muscle arising chiefly from the lateral condyle and part of the shaft of the tibia, inserting by a long tendon into the first cuneiform and first metatarsal bones, and acting to flex the foot dorsally and to invert it. |
| hybridoma cell | A cell hybrid in which a tumour cell forms one of the original source cells. In practice, confined to hybrids between T- or B-lymphocytes and appropriate myeloma cell lines. |
| serum | 1: The watery portion of an animal fluid remaining after coagulation: a (1): blood serum (2): antiserum b: whey c: a normal or pathological serous fluid (as in a blister). 2: The watery part of a plant fluid. |
| periglomerular cell | The glomerular layer is the most superficial layer, consisting of mitral cell dendritic arborizations (glomeruli), olfactory nerve fibers, and periglomerular cells. Periglomerular cells contact multiple mitral cell dendrites within the glomeruli and provide lateral inhibition of neighboring glomeruli while allowing excitation of a specific mitral cell dendritic tree. |
| swim bladder | The air bladder of a fish. |
| b-16 cell | Mouse melanoma tumor cell. |
| tendon sheath | A synovial sheath covering a tendon (as in the hand or foot). |
| sw-1353 cell | Human bone chondrosarcoma cell line. The SW 1353 cell line was initiated by A. Leibovitz at the Scott and White Clinic, Temple, Texas in 1977 from a primary grade II chondrosarcoma of the right humerus obtained from a 72 year old female Caucasian. |
| colonic epithelial cell | |
| ectoderm | The outer of the three germ layers of the embryo (the other two being mesoderm and endoderm). Ectoderm gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue. |
| teratocarcinoma cell | A malignant tumor cell of the testis composed of teratoma and embryonal carcinoma. |
| tracheobronchial epithelial cell | Normal tracheo-bronchial epithelial cell. |
| sertoli cell | Any of the elongated, striated cells of the seminiferous tubules of the testis, to which spermatids attach for nourishment during spermatogenesis. |
| cag cell | CAG cell line; established from a bone marrow aspirate of a patient with myeloma. |
| corpus cavernosum penis | One of the columns of erectile tissue forming the dorsum and sides of the penis. |
| endocarp | The inner layer of the pericarp of a fruit (as an apple or orange) when it consists of two or more layers of different texture or consistency. |
| zr-75-1 cell | Human Caucasian breast carcinoma cell line; derived from a malignant ascitic effusion in a 63 year old female Caucasian with infiltrating ductal carcinoma. |
| peritoneal macrophage | Macrophage found in peritoneum and that can be obtained by lavage. |
| endocuticle | The inner layer of the procuticle in certain crustaceans and arthropods, which is almost entirely composed of protein and chitin. |
| myeloma cell line | |
| chorioallantois | A vascular fetal membrane composed of the fused chorion and adjacent wall of the allantois that in the hen's egg is used as a living culture medium for viruses and for tissues. |
| vmrc-rcw cell | Human renal carcinoma cell line. |
| amnion epithelial cell line | |
| hodgkin lymphoma cell | A disease of the lymph nodes named after the English physician Thomas Hodgkin. |
| capan-2 cell | Human pancreas adenocarcinoma cell line; established from the tumor of a 56-year-old Caucasian man with pancreas adenocarcinoma in 1975. |
| neuroendocrine cell | Neuroendocrine cells are cells that receive neuronal input (neurotransmitters released by nerve cells) and, as a consequence of this input, release message molecules (hormones) to the blood. An example of a neuroendocrine cell is the cell of the adrenal medulla which releases adrenalin to the blood. The major center of neuroendocrine integration in the body is found in the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. Here hypothalamic neurosecretory cells release factors to the blood. |
| cardiac muscle cell line | |
| osteogenic cell | One of the cell's in the inner layer of the periosteum that forms osseous tissue. |
| hmc cell | Human mesangial cell line. |
| cervical spine | That portion of the spine comprising the cervical vertebrae. The neck area of the spine. |
| dorsal raphe nucleus | A large raphe nucleus extending from the anterior part of the pons through the mesencephalon; its neurons are serotoninergic. |
| umbilical cord blood cell | The blood from the umbilical cord of a newborn baby contains high concentrations of stem cells (cells from which all blood cells develop). |
| stolon tip | |
| zygotene cell | A cell in the stage of meiotic prophase which immediately follows the leptotene and during which synapsis of homologous chromosomes occurs. |
| shac cell | Human fibrosarcoma cell line. |
| wing bud | A swelling on the trunk of an avian embryo that gives rise to a wing. |
| cfpac-1 cell | This line was derived from a pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (liver metastasis) from a patient with cystic fibrosis. |
| posterior cardinal vein | Any of the major drainage channels from the caudal part of an embryo. |
| oligodendrocytic cell line | |
| nucleus isthmo-opticus | |
| urinary bladder squamous cell carcinoma cell line | |
| ulcer tissue | A lesion of the skin or of a mucous membrane, such as the one lining the stomach or duodenum, that is accompanied by formation of pus and necrosis of surrounding tissue, usually resulting from inflammation or ischemia. |
| neck | The part of an animal that connects the head with the body. |
| inr1g9 cell | InR1G9 cells are glucagon-producing islet cells, derived from a hamster glucagonoma. |
| pro-5 cell | Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster) ovary cell line from a female. This line is a derivative of the original CHO cell line and is the parental line for several glycosylation mutants. |
| allantoic fluid | The fluid contained in the allantois. |
| psoas major | A powerful flexor of the thigh at the hip joint. Psoas is derived from the Greek psoa, the plural meaning muscles of the loin. |
| aleurone layer | A group of cells rich in protein granules and located as the outer layer of the endosperm of many grain seeds. |
| fourth ventricle | The fourth ventricle is one of the four connected fluid-filled cavities within the human brain. The fourth ventricle extends from the cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius) to the obex, and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The fourth ventricle has a characteristic diamond shape in cross-sections of the human brain. It is located within the pons or in the upper part of the medulla. |
| crown gall | A disease that affects many species of plants and is caused by a bacterium (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) which forms tumorous enlargements just below the ground on the stem. |
| nhm cell | Normal human melanocyte cell line. |
| uterine gland | Simple or branched, tubular gland extending into the lamina propria-submucosa, secreting mucus, lipids, glycogen, protein. |
| peripheral blood mononuclear cell | A mixture of monocytes and lymphocytes; blood leucocytes from which granulocytes have been separated and removed. |
| gluteal muscle | Any one of three large skeletal muscles that form the buttock and move the thigh. |
| nb-39 cell | Human neuroblastoma cell line. |
| astrocytoma cell | A tumor cell composed of astrocytes; it is the most common type of primary brain tumor and is also found throughout the central nervous system. One classification groups astrocytomas according to their histologic appearance and distinguishes pilocytic, protoplasmic, gemistocytic, and fibrillary types. Another classification groups them in order of increasing malignancy as Grade I, Grade II, Grade III, and Grade IV types. |
| 5637 cell | Human urinary bladder carcinoma cell line; established from the primary bladder carcinoma of a 68-year-old man in 1974. |
| vascular smooth muscle cell line | |
| inner ear | The essential organ of hearing and equilibrium that is located in the temporal bone, is innervated by the auditory nerve, and includes the vestibule, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea. |
| rootlet | A small root. |
| tongue muscle | |
| hair follicle inner root sheath | The cells of the inner root sheath are interlocked with those of the cuticle of the hair, firmly anchoring the hair in the follicle. The inner root sheath must grow at the same rate as the hair, or faster as it molds and guides the shaft in its passage outward. |
| a2780-dx3 cell | Doxorubicin-resistant ovarian-cancer cell line. |
| mammary gland tumor cell line | |
| brain | 1: The portion of the vertebrate central nervous system that constitutes the organ of thought and neural coordination, includes all the higher nervous centers receiving stimuli from the sense organs and interpreting and correlating them to formulate the motor impulses, is made up of neurons and supporting and nutritive structures, is enclosed within the skull, and is continuous with the spinal cord through the foramen magnum. Also named encephalon. 2: A nervous center in invertebrates comparable in position and function to the vertebrate brain. |
| thymic cortex | Histologically, the thymus can be divided into a central medulla and a peripheral cortex which is surrounded by an outer capsule. The cortex and medulla play different roles in the development of T cells. Cells in the thymus can be divided into thymic stromal cells and cells of hematopoietic origin. |
| kidney cell line | |
| carapace | A bony or chitinous case or shield covering the back or part of the back of an animal (as a turtle or crab). |
| lim1863 cell | Colon carcinoma cell line. |
| hpec cell | Vascular endothelial cell line from human placenta. |
| urinary tract | The organs of the body that produce and discharge urine. These include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. |
| nymph | Any of various immature insects; especially: a larva of an insect (as a grasshopper, true bug, or mayfly) with incomplete metamorphosis that differs from the imago especially in size and in its incompletely developed wings and genitalia. |
| corpus cavernosum clitoridis | A column of erectile tissue on either side (right and left), the two fusing to form the body of the clitoris. |
| molt cell | A model cell line for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. |
| lacrimal gland acinar cell | |
| capillary pericyte | A cell with several slender processes that embraces the capillary wall in amphibia. |
| th1 cell | Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete interleukin-2, gamma-interferon, and interleukin-12. Due to their ability to kill antigen-presenting cells and their lymphokine-mediated effector activity, Th1 cells are associated with vigorous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. |
| ovary cancer cell line | |
| follicular fluid | Follicular fluid is a liquid which fills the follicular antrum and surrounds the ovum in an ovarian follicle. This fluid is rich in hyaluronic acid. |
| respiratory mucus | |
| mn-9d cell | The MN9D murine dopaminergic cell line was generated by fusion of rostral mesencephalic neurons from embryonic C57BL/6J (embryonic day 14) mice with N18TG2 neuroblastoma cells. |
| nci-h125 cell | Human lung adenocarcinoma non-small cell lung cancer cell line. |
| wm-793b cell | The WM793B line was established from skin taken from the primary melanoma of a vertical growth phase lesion taken from the sternum of a patient. |
| gizzard | 1: The muscular enlargement of the alimentary canal of birds that has usually thick muscular walls and a tough horny lining for grinding the food and when the crop is present follows it and the proventriculus. 2: A thickened part of the alimentary canal in some animals (as an insect or an earthworm) that is similar in function to the crop of a bird. |
| periventricular nucleus of hypothalamus | A small nucleus at the base of the hypothalamus, adjacent to the arcuate nucleus. |
| basis pedunculi cerebri | The large bundle of nerve fiber tracts forming the anterior part of the cerebral peduncles, which consists of corticospinal, corticonuclear, corticopontine, parietotemporopontine, and frontopontine fibers descending from the cerebral cortex and terminating in the pons and spinal cord. |
| pharynx | The part of the vertebrate alimentary canal between the cavity of the mouth and the esophagus. The pharynx of Nematodes is an efficient pump and forces food into the intestines. |
| endopeduncular nucleus | A small nucleus in the internal capsule of the hypothalamus adjacent to the medial edge of the globus pallidus. |
| epithelial stem cell | Epithelial stem cells in the lining of the digestive tract occur in deep crypts and give rise to several cell types: absorptive cells, goblet cells, paneth cells, and enteroendocrine cells. |
| m-1 collecting duct cell | Mouse collecting duct cell line; established from normal renal tissue taken from a mouse transgenic for the SV40 early region. The cells retain many characteristics of cortical collecting duct cells including morphology and CCD antigens. |
| gastrinoma cell | A tumor cell that secretes gastrin; most are islet cell tumors of non-beta cells in the pancreas, but some are found at sites such as the antrum of the stomach, the hilus of the spleen, or regional lymph nodes. This is the usual cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. |
| glomerular layer | The glomerular layer is the most superficial layer, consisting of mitral cell dendritic arborizations (glomeruli), olfactory nerve fibers, and periglomerular cells. Periglomerular cells contact multiple mitral cell dendrites within the glomeruli and provide lateral inhibition of neighboring glomeruli while allowing excitation of a specific mitral cell dendritic tree. Each mitral cell is contacted by at least 1000 olfactory nerve fibers. |
| beta-tc6 cell | Mouse insulinoma cell line. |
| mastocytoma cell | A nodule of mast cells. Mastocytomas can involve the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and sometimes muscle. |
| ring stage | The early trophozoite in the erythrocytic stage of the life cycle of hemosporian protozoa, which after Romanovsky staining has blue cytoplasm surrounding a clear zone with a red nucleus at one side, giving the cell the appearance of a signet ring. |
| megakaryocyte cell line | |
| temporomandibular articular disk | The fibrocartilaginous plate that separates the joint into upper and lower cavities. |
| ch-1 cell | Human ovarian carcinoma cell line. |
| balb/3t3-t cell | 3T3 T proadipocyte cell line; derived from the clone A31 BALB/3T3 cell line. |
| hfob cell | Immortalized human fetal osteoblastic cell line. |
| rba cell | Rattus norvegicus (rat) mammary gland adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| coronary artery endothelial cell line | |
| npa cell | Papillary thyroid tumor cell line. |
| blood serum | The cell-free portion of the blood from which the fibrinogen has been separated in the process of clotting. |
| solid substrate culture | Cell culture on a solid material. |
| lx-2 cell | Immortalized human hepatic stellate cell line. |
| corolla | Collective term for the petals of a flower. |
| thymus | A glandular structure of largely lymphoid tissue that functions especially in the development of the body's immune system, is present in the young of most vertebrates typically in the upper anterior chest or at the base of the neck, and tends to atrophy in the adult. |
| du-145 cell | Human prostate carcinoma, established from the tumor tissue removed from the metastatic central nervous system lesion of a 69-year-old man with prostate carcinoma in 1975. |
| sepal | One of the modified leaves comprising a calyx. |
| erythrocytic stage | Merozoites from the liver infect red blood cells and replicate asexually through schizogony. This is the erythrocytic stage. |
| cement gland | Typical barnacles, common name of the sedentary crustacean marine animals constituting the subclass Cirripedia, attach to the substrate by means of an exceedingly adhesive cement, produced by a cement gland, and secrete a shell, or carapace, of calcareous (limestone) plates, around themselves. |
| lateral geniculate nucleus | The lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary processing center for visual information received from the retina of the eye. The LGN is found inside the thalamus of the brain, and is thus part of the central nervous system. |
| ecv-304 cell | Human urinary bladder carcinoma (derivative of T-24); described as being spontaneously immortalized from the umbilical cord vein of a new-born Japanese boy in 1984; cells were described to have a high proliferative potential in the absence of any growth factors; however, DNA fingerprinting at DSMZ showed clearly that this cell line is in reality a derivative of human urinary bladder carcinoma cell line T-24. |
| serosal mast cell | |
| secondary root | The main root of a plant is called the primary root; others are called secondary roots. |
| twitch muscle | Striated muscle innervated by a single motoneuron and having an electrically excitable membrane that exhibits an all or none response; in mammals almost all skeletal muscles are twitch muscles. |
| caput epididymis | The head of the epididymis. |
| medial geniculate body | The medial group of a pair of prominent cell groups in the posteroinferior aspects of the thalamus, serving as the last of a series of processing stations along the auditory conduction pathway to the cerebral cortex. |
| eyelid | Either of the movable folds of skin and muscle that can be closed over the eyeball. |
| cholinergic neuron | Nerves which synthesize the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in their terminals; they include alpha-motor neurons of the spinal cord, cranial nerves innervating skeletal muscle, preganglionic sympathetic and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons. |
| mesopallium | |
| mkn-28 cell | Well differentiated human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| pheromone gland | |
| mhcc97-l cell | Clone of MHCC97 with low metastatic potential. |
| basal cell carcinoma cell | Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer and accounts for more than 90 percent of all skin cancer in the U.S. These cancers almost never spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body. They can, however, cause damage by growing and invading surrounding tissue. |
| rnk-16 cell | Rat natural killer cell line. |
| extraglomerular mesangial cell | One of the three cellular components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. |
| kk-47 cell | Human bladder tumor (transitional cell carcinoma) cell line. |
| uterine adenocarcinoma cell | The most common form of endometrial carcinoma, containing tumor cells differentiated into glandular tissue with little or no stroma. |
| cal-72 cell | Human osteosarcoma cell line, established from a chemotherapy-resistant tumor sample obtained from the left knee of a 10-year-old boy with anaplastic osteoblastic sarcoma (Rosen grade IIB) in 1989. |
| neuroblastoma cell line | |
| cornu ammonis | One of the two interlocking gyri composing the hippocampus, the other being the dentate gyrus. |
| subcutaneous tissue | The layer of loose connective tissue directly under the skin. |
| digitum minimus pedis | The fifth, and smallest, digit of the foot. |
| amnion | A thin, tough, membranous sac that encloses the embryo or fetus of a mammal, bird, or reptile. It is filled with a serous fluid in which the embryo is suspended. |
| lymphoid cell | Any of the cells responsible for the production of immunity mediated by cells or antibodies and including lymphocytes, lymphoblasts, and plasma cells. Cells derived from stem cells of the lymphoid lineage: large and small lymphocytes, plasma cells. |
| p-19 cell | Mouse embryonal carcinoma cell line, established from the teratocarcinoma induced in a C3H/He strain mouse. |
| eue cell | Human embryonic epithelial cell line. |
| leiomyoma cell | A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle, most commonly of the uterus. |
| prostate gland intraepithelial neoplasia cell line | Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) is a microscopic lesion in the prostate which is thought to be a precursor to prostate cancer. |
| kbm-5 cell | Leukemic cell line derived from a patient in the blastic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia. |
| deciduoma cell | 1: A cell of a mass of tissue formed in the uterus following pregnancy that contains remnants of chorionic or decidual tissue. 2: A cell of decidual tissue induced in the uterus (as by trauma) in the absence of pregnancy. |
| neuroepithelioma cell line | |
| auditory cortex | The region of the cerebral cortex that receives auditory data from the medial geniculate body. |
| lymphoid follicle | A small collection of lymphoid tissue found in such organs as the intestines. |
| temporal lobe | One of the two parietal lobes of the brain located behind the frontal lobe at the top of the brain. Parietal Lobe, Right - Damage to this area can cause visuo-spatial deficits (for example, the patient may have difficulty finding their way around new, or even familiar, places). Parietal Lobe, Left - Damage to this area may disrupt a patient's ability to understand spoken and/or written language. The parietal lobes contain the primary sensory cortex which controls sensation (touch, pressure). Behind the primary sensory cortex is a large association area that controls fine sensation (judgment of texture, weight, size, shape). |
| alevin | A young fish; especially: a newly hatched salmon when still attached to the yolk sac. |
| b16-bl6 cell | Mouse melanoma cell line. |
| embryonic hippocampal cell line | |
| nci-h510 cell | Small cell lung cancer cell line. |
| alva-31 cell | Human primary prostate tumor cell line. |
| l-6 myoblast cell | Rattus norvegicus skeletal muscle myoblast cell line. The L6 myogenic line was isolated from primary cultures of rat thigh muscle maintained for the first two passages in the presence of methyl cholanthrene. |
| aortic valve | One of the four valves in the heart, this valve is situated at exit of the left ventricle of the heart where the aorta begins. The aortic valve lets blood from the left ventricle be pumped up into the aorta but prevents blood once it is in the aorta from returning to the heart. |
| photophore | A light-emitting organ; especially: one of the luminous spots on various marine mostly deep-sea fishes. |
| epididymal clear cell | Cell with empty-appearing cytoplasm; seen normally in the sweat glands, the parathyroid glands, the collecting tubules of the kidneys, and the epididymis; they also appear in some types of cancer. |
| thymic carcinoma cell | Thymic carcinoma is a disease in which cancer (malignant) cells are found in the tissues of the thymus. Thymic carcinoma is difficult to treat and generally spreads to other parts of the body. People with thymoma often have other diseases of the immune system, most commonly myasthenia gravis, a disease in which the muscles become weak. |
| cochlear ganglion | The sensory ganglion located within the spiral canal of the modiolus. It consists of bipolar cells that send fibers peripherally through the foramina nervosa to the spiral organ and centrally through the internal acoustic meatus to the cochlear nuclei of the brain stem. |
| sciatic nerve | The largest nerve of the body: origin, sacral plexus-L4-S3; it leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen; branches, divides into the tibial and common peroneal nerves, usually in lower third of thigh; distribution-see individual branches, in this table; modality, general sensory and motor. |
| thymocyte | Lymphocyte within the thymus; term usually applied to an immature lymphocyte. |
| cardiac stomach | In starfishes the cardiac stomach is connected to a pyloric stomach which is located above it. Food can be brought into the stomach through the mouth or, in many species, the cardiac stomach can be extended out through the mouth to digest food outside the body. Suspension-feeding starfish use their tube feet to pass food to the mouth. |
| dx-3 cell | Human melanoma cell line. |
| piriform area | An area in the rhinencephalon, pear-shaped in some species but not in humans; it includes the lateral olfactory process or gyrus, the limen insulae, the uncus, and part of the parahippocampal gyrus; subdivided into the prepiriform area, the periamygdaloid area, and the entorhinal area. |
| osteosarcoma cell line | Cell line of a malignant neoplasm of the bone-forming tissues. |
| fungus | Any of a major group (Fungi) of saprophytic and parasitic spore-producing organisms including molds, rusts, mildews, smuts, mushrooms, and yeasts. |
| leukemic stem cell | A normal stem or progenitor cell undergoes a mutation, giving rise to an entity that is functionally defined as a leukemic stem cell. The mutated stem cells differentiate into the hematopoietic lineage carrying the defect/s or can remain as immature progenitor cells, the blast cells. |
| root nodule | Gall-like structures on the roots of legumes that contain symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. |
| laterodorsal tegmental nucleus | A nucleus situated in the brainstem, spanning the midbrain tegmentum and the pontine tegmentum. |
| olfactory receptor neuron | Neurons in the olfactory epithelium with proteins that bind, and thus detect, odorants. Olfactory receptor neurons are bipolar. Unlike other neurons, they can be generated from precursor cells in adults. |
| skin fibroblast | |
| sporocarp | A structure (as in red algae, fungi, or mosses) in or on which spores are produced. |
| ba/f3 cell | Mouse pro B cell line. IL-3 dependent murine pro B cell line established from peripheral blood; apparently derived from BALB/c mouse. |
| a-704 cell | Human kidney adenocarcinoma cell line, established from a 78 years old male. |
| mda-mb-361 cell | Human mammary gland adenocarcinoma cell line; established from a 40-year-old caucasian female. |
| tc-32 cell | Human Ewing's sarcoma cell line. |
| esophageal cancer cell | Tumor cell or cancer cell of the esophagus. |
| bladder transitional cell carcinoma cell line | |
| trypanosomoid form | Any of a genus (Trypanosoma) of parasitic flagellate protozoans that infest the blood of various vertebrates including humans, are usually transmitted by the bite of an insect, and include some that cause serious disease (as sleeping sickness). |
| cervical epithelium | |
| interneuron | A neuron that conveys impulses from one neuron to another. |
| gastroduodenal mucosa | |
| lm3 cell | Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. |
| j-774 cell | Mouse macrophage cell line. |
| scn2a cell | Scrapie-infected mouse neuroblastoma N2a cell line. |
| subdural space | A narrow fluid-containing space, often only a potential space, between the dura mater and the arachnoid. |
| tzm-bl cell | TZM-bl cells are HeLa-cell derivatives that express high levels of CD4 and both co-receptors CXCR4 and CCR5, and are stably transduced carrying a LTR-driven firefly luciferase as well as a LTR-driven beta-galactosidase cassette. |
| erythrocyte | Any of the hemoglobin-containing cells that carry oxygen to the tissues and are responsible for the red color of vertebrate blood. |
| non-hodgkin lymphoma cell | A heterogeneous group of malignant lymphomas, the only common feature being an absence of the giant Reed-Sternberg cells characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. They arise from the lymphoid components of the immune system, and present a clinical picture broadly similar to that of Hodgkin's disease except the disease is initially more widespread, with the most common manifestation being painless enlargement of one or more peripheral lymph nodes. |
| umr-108 cell | The UMR-108 cell line is a clonal derivative of a transplantable rat osteosarcoma that had been induced by injection of radiophosphorous (32P). |
| pharyngeal cancer cell line | |
| rectal sac | The enlarged anterior part of the rectum, sometimes produced into a large rectal caecum. |
| superior mesenteric artery | Origin: abdominal aorta; branches, inferior pancreaticoduodenal, jejunal, ileal, ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic arteries; distribution: small intestine, proximal half of colon. |
| vascular system | The vessels of the body, especially the blood vessels. |
| iliac artery endothelium | |
| eoma cell | Mus musculus hemangioendothelioma cell line. The EOMA cell line was originally derived in 1980 from a mixed hemangioendothelioma arising in an adult mouse. |
| spermatogonium | An undifferentiated germ cell of a male, originating in a seminiferous tubule and dividing into two primary spermatocytes. |
| ma-104 cell | Widely used continuous monkey kidney cell line. |
| pancreatic delta cell | A type of cell in the pancreatic islets that secretes somatostatin. |
| optic ganglion | |
| psoas | Either of two muscles of the loin that rotate the hip joint and flex the spine. |
| ramos-aw cell | Human Caucasian Burkitt's lymphoma. Derived by in vitro infection of Ramos cells with EBV. The line is EBV positive. |
| nucleus solitarius | Gray matter located in the dorsomedial part of the medulla oblongata associated with the solitary tract. The solitary nucleus receives inputs from most organ systems including the terminations of the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves. It is a major coordinator of autonomic nervous system regulation of cardiovascular, respiratory, gustatory, gastrointestinal, and chemoreceptive aspects of homeostasis. The solitary nucleus is also notable for the large number of neurotransmitters which are found therein. |
| stomodeum | The embryonic anterior ectodermal part of the alimentary canal or tract. |
| 253j-p cell | Human transitional cell carcinoma cell line, poorly tumorigenic and nonmetastatic. |
| tergal gland | A gland on the dorsal part or plate of a segment of an arthropod. Tergal glands play a key role in German cockroach precopulatory behavior. |
| cho cell | Chinese hamster ovary cell line, that was initiated from an ovary biopsy of an adult Chinese hamster in 1957. |
| vascular cancer cell | |
| acute myeloid leukemia cell line | |
| hce cell | Human corneal epithelial cell line. |
| gt1-7 cell | Immortalized female rat hypothalamus gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. |
| fb-1 cell | A human anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line, derived from a 68-year-old woman who underwent surgery for anaplastic thyroid cancer. |
| exoskeleton | Exoskeleton or shell, including those of mollusks, turtles, insects and crustaceans. |
| periurethral tissue | Tissue around the urethra. |
| plant reproductive system | Any of the systems, sexual or asexual, by which plants reproduce. |
| connecting tubule | With respect to the renal corpuscle, the connecting tubule is the most proximal part of the collecting duct system. It is adjacent to the distal convoluted tubule, the most distal segment of the renal tubule. Connecting tubules from several adjacent nephrons merge to form cortical collecting tubules, and these may join to form cortical collecting ducts. Connecting tubules of some juxtamedullary nephrons may arch upward, forming an arcade. The connecting tubule derives from the metanephric blastema, but the rest of the system derives from the ureteric bud. Because of this, some sources group the connecting tubule as part of the nephron, rather than grouping it with the collecting duct system. |
| vertebral ganglion | Any of a group of sympathetic ganglia which form two chains extending from the base of the skull to the coccyx along the sides of the spinal column. |
| um-scc-5 cell | Human supraglottic larynx squamous cell carcinoma cell line. |
| disc | The central part of the flower head of a typical composite made up of closely packed tubular flowers. |
| eosinophilic myelocyte | Myelocytes are further distinguished according to the type of granules that develop, i.e., neutrophilic myelocyte (60%), eosinophilic myelocyte, basophilic myelocyte (3%). |
| primary cell | A cell taken directly from a living organism, which is not immortalized. |
| renal artery | A branch of the abdominal aorta which supplies the kidneys, adrenal glands and ureters. |
| renal papilla | The apex of a renal pyramid which projects into the lumen of a calyx of the kidney and through which collecting tubules discharge urine. |
| ingluvial ganglion | (Arthropoda: Insecta) Paired ganglion of the stomodeal nervous system at the posterior end of the foregut. The ingluvial ganglion, a major component of the stomatogastric nervous system, is known to innervate the foregut and anterior midgut. |
| plasmacytoid t-lymphocyte | These cells constitute a population of medium-sized mononuclear cells with plasmacytoid features in the T-cell zones of human lymphoid tissues, and in the thymus and lymph nodes of patients with various inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. They have been shown to express several antigens expressed on myelomonocytes, monocytes, and macrophages but lack markers for B-cells and plasma cells. |
| blastodisc | The embryo-forming portion of an egg with discoidal cleavage usually appearing as a small disc on the upper surface of the yolk mass. |
| cochlear labyrinth | The part of the membranous labyrinth that includes the perilymphatic space and the cochlear duct. |
| renal cell carcinoma cell | Carcinoma cell of the renal parenchyma usually occurring in middle age or later and composed of tubular cells in varying arrangements; symptoms depend on extent of invasion. |
| corticotropic cell | A small, irregularly stellate, acidophilic cell of the adenohypophysis, having small, sparsely distributed secretory granules and secreting corticotropin and beta-endorphin, which are cleaved from a large prohormone called pro-opiomelanocortin. |
| lymph vessel | A vessel that contains or conveys lymph, that originates as an interfibrillar or intercellular cleft or space in a tissue or organ, and that if small has no distinct walls or walls composed only of endothelial cells and if large resembles a vein in structure. |
| thymic medullary epithelial cell | Thymic stromal cells include thymic cortical epithelial cells, thymic medullary epithelial cells, and dendritic cells. |
| pre-t-lymphocyte | |
| efo-27 cell | Human ovary adenocarcinoma cell line; established from the solid omental metastasis of a mucinous papillary adenocarcinoma of the ovary of a 36-year-old woman in 1979. |
| anal sac | In carnivores, either of two sacs found between the internal and external anal sphincters, lined with sebaceous glands and in some species with apocrine glands. |
| osrga cell | Rat osteosarcoma cell line. |
| molt-16 cell | Human T cell leukemia cell line; established from the peripheral blood of a 5-year-old girl with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) at relapse in 1984. |
| prostate adenocarcinoma cell | |
| trichome | A filamentous outgrowth; especially: an epidermal hair structure on a plant. |
| monocytic leukemia cell line | |
| nauplius | A crustacean larva in usually the first stage after leaving the egg and with three pairs of appendages, a median eye, and little or no segmentation. |
| gill arch | The endochondral skeletal support of the gill which bears the gill filaments and the gill rakers. Consists of pharyngobranchials, epibranchials, ceratobranchials and hypobranchials. Usually 4 in teleosts, can be as many as 16 in some Cyclostomata. |
| caco-2/bbe cell | The C2BBe1 (brush border expressing) cell line was cloned in 1988 from the Caco-2 cell line by limiting dilution. |
| telson | The terminal segment of the body of an arthropod or segmented worm; especially: that of a crustacean forming the middle lobe of the tail. |
| posterior cingulate cortex | Brain region involved with memory storage and retrieval. |
| intraparietal sulcus | A horizontal sulcus extending back from the postcentral sulcus over some distance, then dividing perpendicularly into two branches so as to form, with the postcentral sulcus, a figure H. It divides the parietal lobe into superior and inferior parietal lobules. |
| saos-2 cell | Human osteogenic sarcoma, established from the primary osteogenic sarcoma of an 11-year-old Caucasian woman in 1973. |
| merozoite | A protozoan cell that arises from the schizogony of a parent sporozoan and may enter either the asexual or sexual phase of the life cycle. |
| te-1 cell | Human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line. |
| hs-578bst cell | Human breast epithelial cell line from normal breast tissue of an 74 years-old caucasian female peripheral to an infiltrating ductal carcinoma which was the source for Hs 578T cell line. |
| myoepithelial cell | Modified smooth muscle cells, contractile in nature, believed to be of ectodermal origin, located around the secretory units of certain glands (salivary, mammary, sweat, and lacrimal glands) between the gland cells and basement membrane, having long dendritic interweaving cytoplasmic processes, and containing myofilaments. It is assumed that contraction of these cells functions to help express secretion from the gland. |
| cingulate cortex | A part of the brain situated in the medial aspect of the cortex. It is extended from the corpus callosum below to the cingulate sulcus above, at least anteriorly. |
| gastric cancer cell | Gastric cancer is a cancer of the stomach. |
| chloronema | The primary photosynthetic part of the moss protonema, typically green, having numerous chloroplasts and consisting of short cells with perpendicular end walls. |
| theca folliculi | An envelope of condensed connective tissue surrounding a vesicular ovarian follicle, comprising an internal vascular layer (tunica interna) and an external fibrous layer (tunica externa). |
| hog cell | Human oligodendroglioma cell line. |
| cord blood stem cell | Blood from the placenta and umbilical cord that are left over after birth is one source of adult stem cells. |
| uterine epithelium | |
| tongue cancer cell line | |
| bronchial smooth muscle | Smooth muscle that is present continuously around the bronchi. |
| mbn-2 cell | Drosophila melanogaster haemocyte cell line. |
| stigma | The usually apical part of the pistil of a flower which receives the pollen grains and on which they germinate. |
| ovca-429 cell | Human epithelial ovarian cancer cell line. |
| arcopallium | The arcopallium refers to regions of the avian brain which partially overlap regions homologous to the amygdala of mammals. These regions have formerly been referred to as archistriatum, and before this epistriatum or amygdaloid complex, and a recent change of nomenclature has divided the region into the arcopallium and posterior pallial amygdala. |
| duodenal adenocarcinoma cell | Malignant neoplasms of the duodenum account for only 0.3-0.4% of tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. 25-45% of malignant neoplasms within the small bowel occur within the duodenum. Duodenal adenocarcinomas are usually located in the periampullary and intraampullary regions; they very rarely involve the duodenal bulb. There is an association of duodenal adenocarcinoma with Gardner's syndrome, Peutz-Jegher's syndrome, celiac disease, and Crohn's disease. |
| albedo | The spongy white tissue on the inside of the rind of citrus fruit. |
| central amygdaloid nucleus | A nucleus in the corticomedial part of the amygdaloid body, providing the major relay for projections from the amygdala to the brainstem and also receiving numerous return projections. |
| myeloid progenitor cell | One of the two stem cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells, the other being the lymphoid progenitor cell. Derived from these myeloid progenitor cells are the erythroid progenitor cells and the myeloid cells. |
| adenocarcinoma cell | A cell of a cancer that begins in cells that line certain internal organs and that have glandular (secretory) properties. |
| op-9 cell | Mouse fibroblast bone marrow stromal cell line, established from newborn op/op mouse calvaria. |
| plasma cell | A terminally differentiated cell of the B lymphocyte lineage that produces antibodies; plasma cells are oval or round with extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, a well-developed Golgi apparatus, and a round nucleus having a characteristic cartwheel heterochromatin pattern. |
| pars recta | Proximal straight tubule: part of the descending limb of the renal tubule, extending from the proximal convoluted tubule to the thin tubule. |
| gill raker | One of a series of variously shaped bony or cartilaginous projections on the inner side of the branchial arch. The rakers have epithelial denticles and both their gross and fine structure serves to retain food particles in the mouth. The gill raker count normally includes all rakers, even the rudiments, and is made on the front half of the first arch. Upper and lower gill raker counts may be presented as the upper and the lower (including the central raker), e.g. 9 + 17; or as upper rakers, central raker, and lower rakers, e.g. 9 + 1 + 16. The most anterior and posterior rakers are often small and delicate, easily torn or lost if the arch is removed. Plankton feeders have numerous, crowded, elongate and fine rakers while predators have few, separated, short and stubby rakers. |
| hek-293h cell | 293-H cell line is derived from 293 cell line. |
| eosinophilic leukemia cell | A form of granulocytic leukemia cell line characterized by abnormal numbers of or a predomination of eosinophilic granulocytes in the tissues and blood. |
| glial cell line | |
| nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell | A cell of a disease in which cancer (malignant) cells are found in the tissues of the nasopharynx. |
| rs4-11 cell | Human B cell precursor leukemia cell line; established from the bone marrow of a 32-year-old woman with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL L2) in first relapse. |
| hematopoietic cell line | |
| skin stem cell | Skin stem cells occur in the basal layer of the epidermis and at the base of hair follicles. |
| cos-7 cell | African green monkey kidney derived from CV-1, a simian cell line (cercopithecus aethiops), by transformation with an origin-defective mutant of SV-40; cells were described to support the growth of SV-40 viruses. |
| pulvinar | Large mass of nuclei forming the most caudal portion of the thalamus and overhanging the geniculate bodies and the dorsolateral surface of the midbrain. It is divided into four parts: the lateral, medial, inferior, and oral pulvinar nuclei. |
| adrenocortical carcinoma cell | A malignant adrenal cortical tumor that can cause endocrine disorders such as Cushing's syndrome or adrenogenital syndrome. |
| jar cell | Human choriocarcinomacell line; established from the trophoblastic tumor of the placenta of a 24-year-old Caucasian woman. |
| prothallium | A small, flat, delicate structure produced by a germinating spore and bearing sex organs. It is the gametophyte of ferns and some other plants. |
| marrow cell | Any of the immature blood cells that develop in the bone marrow, such as those involved in hematopoiesis. |
| trophectoderm | Trophoblast: esp : the outer layer of the mammalian blastocyst after differentiation of the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm when the outer layer is continuous with the ectoderm of the embryo. |
| balb/3t12-3 cell | Derived from a 14-17 day old BALB/c mouse embryo. The cells are tumorigenic, are insensitive to contact inhibition and are susceptible to transformation with SV40 virus. |
| pleural cavity | The space enclosed by the pleura, which is a thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and lines the interior wall of the chest cavity. |
| regulatory t-lymphocyte | Regulatory T cells are a specialized subpopulation of T cells that act to suppress activation of the immune system and thereby maintain immune system homeostasis and tolerance to self-antigens. |
| km-h2 cell | Human Hodgkin lymphoma cell line, established from the pleural effusion of a 37-year-old man with Hodgkin lymphoma (mixed cellularity progressing to lymphocyte depletion; stage IV at relapse) in 1974. |
| p12-ichikawa cell | Human T cell leukemia; established from the peripheral blood of a 7-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). |
| basal telencephalon | The region of the telencephalon lying deep in the cerebral hemispheres. |
| posterior chamber of the eye | That portion of the aqueous-containing space between the cornea and the lens which is bounded in front by the iris, and behind by the lens and ciliary zonule. |
| commercial preparation | |
| knee | 1: A joint in the middle part of the human leg that is the articulation between the femur, tibia, and patella; also: the part of the leg that includes this joint. 2a: The joint in the hind leg of a four-footed vertebrate that corresponds to the human knee. 2b: The carpal joint of the foreleg of a four-footed vertebrate. 2c: The tarsal joint of a bird. 2d: The joint between the femur and tibia of an insect. |
| pogrs-1 cell | Immortalized cell line of primary granulosa cells, isolated from 25-day-old immature rats and transfected with SV40 DNA and Ha-ras oncogene. |
| palate | The roof of the mouth separating the mouth from the nasal cavity. |
| duodenum | The first part of the small intestine extending from the pylorus to the jejunum. |
| latex | A milky usually white fluid that is produced by cells of various seed plants (as of the milkweed, spurge, and poppy families) and is the source of rubber, gutta-percha, chicle, and balata. |
| tendon | A tough cord or band of dense white fibrous connective tissue that unites a muscle with some other part (as a bone) and transmits the force which the muscle exerts. |
| retinal cell line | |
| crystalline style | The crystalline style, a gelatinous rod, projects into the stomach and stirs the contents as well as produces digestive enzymes to aid digestion. |
| cad cell | A CNS catecholaminergic cell line. |
| clear cell adenocarcinoma cell | A rare malignant tumor of the female genital tract, resembling a renal cell carcinoma and containing tubules or small cysts with some cells that are hobnail-shaped and others whose cytoplasm is clear, containing abundant glycogen and inconspicuous stroma. It may occur in the ovary, uterus, cervix, or vagina. |
| plant bud | A small lateral or terminal protuberance on the stem of a plant that may develop into a flower, leaf, or shoot. |
| ht-29 cell | Human colon adenocarcinoma, established from the primary tumor of a 44-year-old Caucasian woman with colon adenocarcinoma in 1964; described to be heterotransplantable forming well-differentiated grade I tumors. |
| mammary ductal carcinoma cell | The most common type of breast cancer in women. It comes in two forms: invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), an infiltrating, malignant and abnormal proliferation of neoplastic cells in the breast tissue, or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a noninvasive, possibly malignant, neoplasm that is still confined to the milk ducts (lactiferous ducts), where breast cancer most often originates. |
| u-1752 cell | Continuous lung squamous cell carcinoma cell line. |
| tooth | 1: One of the hard bony appendages that are borne on the jaws or in many of the lower vertebrates on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx and serve especially for the prehension and mastication of food and as weapons of offense and defense. 2: Any of various usually hard and sharp processes especially about the mouth of an invertebrate. |
| anaplastic oligodendroglioma cell | There are two types of oligodendroglioma: the well-differentiated tumor, which grows relatively slowly and in a defined shape; and the anaplastic oligodendroglioma, which grows much more rapidly and does not have a well-defined shape. Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas are much less common than well-differentiated oligodendrogliomas. |
| c-28/i2 cell | Immortalized human chondrocyte cell line. |
| barrett's epithelial cell line | |
| ns-0 cell | Mouse myeloma cell line. |
| gall bladder | A small, pear-shaped muscular sac, located under the right lobe of the liver, in which bile secreted by the liver is stored until needed by the body for digestion. |
| ovca-420 cell | Human epithelial ovarian cancer cell line. |
| chloragocyte | A chloragogen cell. |
| outer dental epithelium | External enamel epithelium, the cuboidal cells of the outer layer of the odontogenic organ of a developing tooth. |
| antropyloric mucosa | Mucosa pertaining to or affecting the pyloric part of the stomach, including its antrum. |
| inferior vestibular nucleus | The one of the four vestibular nuclei on each side of the medulla oblongata that is situated between the medial vestibular nucleus and the inferior cerebellar peduncle and that sends fibers down both sides of the spinal cord to synapse with motor neurons of the ventral roots. |
| internal carotid artery | In human anatomy, the internal carotid artery is a major artery of the head and neck that helps supply blood to the brain. |
| b-lymphoblast | |
| nci-h596 cell | Human lung adenosquamous carcinoma cell line; derived in 1983 from a tumor mass in the chest wall of a patient with adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung. |
| renal pyramid | One of a number of pyramidal masses seen on longitudinal section of the kidney; collectively, they constitute the renal medulla, and contain part of the secreting tubules and the collecting tubules. |
| cornea | The transparent part of the coat of the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil and admits light to the interior. |
| krebs ii ascites cell | |
| hek-293a cell | The QBI-HEK 293A cell line is an immortalized line of primary human embryonic kidney cells transformed by sheared human Ad5 DNA. QBI-HEK 293A cell line is a superior sub-clone of HEK 293 cells and strongly adheres to plastic dishes. |
| femur | The bone that extends from the pelvis to the knee, being the longest and largest bone in the body; its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone, and distally, the femur, along with the patella and tibia, forms the knee joint. |
| arteriole | A small branch of an artery (a vessel that carries blood high in oxygen away from the heart to the body) leading to a capillary. The oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyhemoglobin) makes the blood in arteries and arterioles look bright red. |
| colorectal adenocarcinoma cell | Adenocarcinoma cell related to the colon and/or rectum. |
| forelimb muscle | A muscle of a limb (as an arm, wing, fin, or leg) that is situated anteriorly. |
| ho-1 cell | Human melanoma cell line. |
| pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell line | |
| arpe-19 cell | ARPE-19 is a spontaneously arising retinal pigment epithelia (RPE) cell line derived in 1986 by Amy Aotaki-Keen from the normal eyes of a 19-year-old male who died from head trauma in a motor vehicle accident. |
| mesothelioma cell | A cell from a tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium); both benign and malignant varieties exist. Malignant varieties are often the result of excessive exposure to asbestos. |
| wb-f344 cell | Non-tumorigenic rat liver epithelial cell line. Adult liver stem cell line; established from a single cloned nonparenchymal epithelial cell isolated from a normal male adult rat liver. |
| pituicyte | One of the pigmented more or less fusiform cells of the stalk and posterior lobe of the pituitary gland that are usually considered to be derived from glial cells. |
| testis | A typically paired male reproductive gland that produces sperm and that in most mammals is contained within the scrotum at sexual maturity. |
| anaplastic astrocytoma cell | Moderately malignant astrocytomas, including most anaplastic astrocytomas and sometimes including the less malignant of the glioblastoma multiforme group. |
| lymphoid cell line | |
| placental membrane | The membrane separating the fetal from the maternal blood in the placenta; sometimes inappropriately called the placental barrier. |
| ccd-13lu cell | Human normal lung fibroblast cell line established from a black 71-years-old human male. Derived from normal tissue from a patient with pancreatic carcinoma. |
| plume | Organisms as Riftia pachyptila end with a deep red fan-like structure (plume) which extends into the water and which absorbs H2S and O2 for the bacteria, and also absorbs CO2 for use as synthetic raw material. An animal structure having a main shaft bearing many hairs or filamentous parts; especially: a full bushy tail. |
| fpmi-cf-203 cell | The FPMI-CF-203 cell line, was developed from spruce budworm midgut tissues. |
| myelin sheath | The cylindrical covering on the axons of some neurons; it consists of concentric layers of myelin, formed in the peripheral nervous system by the plasma membrane of Schwann cells, and in the central nervous system by oligodendrocytes. It is interrupted at intervals along its length by gaps known as nodes of Ranvier. Myelin is an electrical insulator that serves to speed the conduction of nerve impulses. |
| adductor longus | Adductor arising from the superior ramus of the pubis and inserted into the middle third of the linea aspera. |
| hacat cell | HaCaT is a spontaneously immortalized human keratinocyte cell line. |
| megasporangium | The central and chief part of a plant ovule that encloses the female gametophyte. |
| corn ear | The ears are female inflorescences, tightly covered over by several layers of leaves, and so closed-in by them to the stem that they do not show themselves easily until the emergence of the pale yellow silks from the leaf whorl at the end of the ear, e.g. by Zea mays. |
| mgso-3 cell | Cell line established from human primary breast cancer based on differential centrifugation, followed by growth in culture for over 70 passages. |
| molecular layer | 1. The outer layer of the cortex of the cerebellum and cerebrum consisting of a mass of unmyelinated fibers rich in synapses. 2. Either of the two plexiform layers of the retina. |
| osteochondroma cell | A benign tumor consisting of projecting adult bone capped by cartilage projecting from the lateral contours of endochondral bones. |
| frontal gland | In Isoptera, a large median gland beneath the integument of the head in certain soldier-termites, opening through the fontanelle or frontal pore, which produces secretions. |
| seed vessel | The ripened and variously modified walls of a plant ovary. |
| axenic culture | A situation in which only one species is present. Thus an axenic culture is uncontaminated by organisms of other species, an axenic organism does not have commensal organisms in the gut etc. Some organisms have obligate symbionts and cannot be grown axenically. |
| sk-mel-110 cell | Human melanoma cell line. |
| d-407 cell | Human retinal pigment epithelial cell line. |
| t-lymphocyte | Any of several lymphocytes (as a helper T cell) that differentiate in the thymus, possess highly specific cell-surface antigen receptors, and include some that control the initiation or suppression of cell-mediated and humoral immunity (as by the regulation of T and B cell maturation and proliferation) and others that lyse antigen-bearing cells. |
| gonocyte | The primordial germ cell. |
| bursa of fabricius | A lymphoid organ that opens into the cloaca of birds and functions in B-cell production. |
| capan-1 cell | Human pancreas adenocarcinoma cell line; established from the liver metastasis of a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in a 40-year-old Caucasian man in 1974. |
| peripheral blood stem cell | Stem cells found in the peripheral blood rather than the bone marrow; their numbers can be artificially increased by exposure to hematopoietic growth factors so that they can be extracted before myeloablative chemotherapy and later infused as an autologous bone marrow transplantation. |
| fto-2b cell | Rat hepatoma cell line. |
| apocrine sweat gland | A type of large, branched, specialized sudoriferous gland (glandula sudorifera) that empties into the upper portion of a hair follicle instead of directly onto the skin surface; found only on certain areas of the body, such as around the anus and in the axilla; after puberty they produce a viscous secretion that is acted on by bacteria to produce a characteristic acrid odor. |
| ekvx cell | Non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| siha cell | HPV16 cervical cancer cell line. |
| stoma | The epidermal complex consisting of two guard cells and the pore between them. |
| tail muscle | A muscle of the tail. |
| ccf-sttg1 cell | Human brain grade IV astrocytoma cell line; established from a 68-years-old caucasian female. |
| embryonic structure | An anatomical structure that exists only before the organism is fully formed. In mammals, for example, a structure that exists only prior to the birth of the organism. This structure may be normal or abnormal. |
| cal-51 cell | Human breast carcinoma established from the pleural effusion metastasis of a 45-year-old woman with progressive breast adenocarcinoma (after radio-, chemotherapy and surgery) in 1985; rare example of tumor cell line with normal karyotype. |
| carcinoid cell | A cell of a benign or malignant tumor arising especially from the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. |
| ependymocyte | An ependymal cell, the cells of the ependyma. |
| regulatory dendritic cell | |
| rk-13 cell | Rabbit renal epithlium cell line. |
| female reproductive system | The internal and external reproductive organs in the female. |
| saliva | A slightly alkaline secretion of water, mucin, protein, salts, and often a starch-splitting enzyme, as ptyalin, that is secreted into the mouth by salivary glands, lubricates ingested food, and often begins the breakdown of starches. |
| medullary thyroid carcinoma cell line | |
| postlarva | The final juvenile stage. It is the only time in a lobster's life that it can swim forward. |
| cochlea | A division of the bony labyrinth of the inner ear of higher vertebrates that is usually coiled like a snail shell and is the seat of the hearing organ. |
| protocerebrum | The anterior part of the arthropod brain. |
| uroepithelium | The epithelium of the urinary tract. The lining of the ureters, bladder, and urethra. |
| alva-41 cell | Human prostate cancer cell line. |
| tibialis | Either of two muscles of the calf of the leg. |
| pre-b-lymphocyte | |
| compound eye | An eye (as of an insect) made up of many separate visual units. |
| pccl-3 cell | Normal rat thyroid cell line. |
| mammary epithelial cell | |
| chondroblastoma cell | Any cell of a usually benign tumor derived from immature cartilage cells, occurring primarily in the epiphyses of adolescents; it is characterized by fine, matrix-like calcifications arranged hexagonally, often resembling chicken wire, around closely packed cells. |
| hypodermis | The outer cellular layer of the body of invertebrates which secretes the cuticular exoskeleton. |
| hepatoma ascites cell | |
| sporangiophore | A stalk or similar structure bearing sporangia in plants and fungi. |
| vitreous humor | The clear colorless transparent jelly that fills the eyeball posterior to the lens. |
| ar4-2j cell | Rattus norvegicus (rat), tumor cell line of exocrine pancreas. |
| macrogamete | The larger and usually female gamete of a heterogamous organism. |
| calo cell | HPV18 positive human uterine cervix carcinoma cell line; established from stage IIB squamous cell cervical carcinoma explants from Mexican female at the National University of Mexico. |
| sporangium | A structure in which spores are produced. |
| petiole | A slender stem that supports the blade of a foliage leaf. |
| tracheal mucosa | The tracheal mucosa is columnar and ciliated. It is closely applied to the tracheal cartilages and to the interannular tissues between them. Mucous glands are liberally present. |
| dov-13 cell | Ovarian carcinoma cell line. |
| incisor | A tooth adapted for cutting or gnawing, located at the front of the mouth along the apex of the dental arch. |
| ovarian serous adenocarcinoma cell line | |
| pharyngeal gland | Racemose mucous glands beneath the mucous membrane of the pharynx. |
| plant vascular cell | Plant vascular cells originate from procambial cells, which are vascular stem cells. |
| pleural mesothelium | Mesothelium: the layer of flat cells, derived from the mesoderm, that line the coelom or body cavity of the embryo. In the adult, it forms the simple squamous epithelium that covers all true serous membranes (peritoneum, pericardium, pleura). |
| henles loop | The long U-shaped part of the renal tubule, extending through the medulla from the end of the proximal convoluted tubule. It begins with a descending limb comprising the proximal straight tubule and the thin tubule, followed by the ascending limb the distal straight tubule, and ending at the distal convoluted tubule. |
| superior vestibular nucleus | The one of the four vestibular nuclei on each side of the medulla oblongata that is situated dorsal to the lateral vestibular nucleus at the junction of the floor and lateral wall of the fourth ventricle and that sends ascending fibers to the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei in the cerebrum on the same side of the brain. |
| 3d5 cell | Human B-cell line. |
| shg-44 cell | Human glioma cell line. |
| hemolymph | The circulatory fluid of various invertebrate animals that is functionally comparable to the blood and lymph of vertebrates. |
| odontoclast | A large multinuclear cell associated with the absorption and removal of bone. It is cytomorphologically the same as an osteoclast and is involved in cementum resorption. |
| brain microvessel endothelial cell | |
| embryonic neural stem cell | Neural stem cells are the multipotent stem cells that generate nerve cells. However, since the early 1990s, neural stem cells have been isolated from the adult brain as well as fetal brain tissues. Stem cells in the adult brain are found in the areas called the subventricular zone and the ventricle zone. Another location of brain stem cells occurs in the hippocampus, a special structure of the cerebral cortex related to memory function. Stem cells isolated from these areas are able to divide and to give rise to nerve cells and neuron-supporting cell types in culture. |
| pulmonary artery endothelial cell | |
| lantern muscle | |
| cheek pouch | A pocketlike fold of skin in the cheeks of various animals, such as squirrels, gophers, and monkeys, that functions as a means of carrying food. |
| motor cortex | The region of the cerebral cortex influencing movements of the face, neck and trunk, and arm and leg. |
| inner ear vestibulum | The parts of the membranous labyrinth comprising the utricle and the saccule and contained in the cavity of the bony labyrinth. |
| ca-hpv-10 cell | Human prostate cancer cell line. |
| breast lobe | The 15 to 20 separate portions of the mammary gland that radiate from the central area deep to the nipple like wheel spokes and comprise the body of the mammary gland; each is drained by a single lactiferous duct. |
| hypnozoite | Exoerythrocytic schizozoite of Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium Ovale in the human liver, characterised by delayed primary development; thought to be responsible for malarial relapse. |
| lens epithelial cell line | |
| bhy cell | Oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line. |
| molt-4f cell | Human acute T lymphoblastic leukemia from peripheral blood. |
| primitive endoderm | The primitive endoderm is the lower layer of the blastocyst that gives rise to fetal membranes. |
| exoerythrocytic stage | The spozoites move to the liver, enter liver cells and replicate asexually through schizogony. This is the exoerythrocytic stage. |
| colorectal cancer cell line | |
| sarcoma cell | A malignant neoplasm cell arising in tissue of mesodermal origin, as connective tissue, bone, cartilage, or striated muscle. |
| osteoclast | A large multinucleate cell found in growing bone that resorbs bony tissue, as in the formation of canals and cavities. |
| ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus | A group of nerve cell bodies found in the ventral portion of the intermediate hypothalamic region; it is involved in diverse functions, for example, food intake and sexual behavior. |
| amoebocyte | A cell (as a phagocyte) having amoeboid form or movements. |
| swine testicular cell line | Sus scrofa normal testicular cell line, established from a male 80-90 days old gestation embryo. This line is useful for the propagation, assay and isolation of porcine parvovirus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus and swine enteroviruses. |
| psoas minor | A weak flexor of the trunk and lumbar spinal column. Psoas is derived from the Greek psoa, the plural meaning muscles of the loin. |
| pavement epithelium | Squamous epithelium composed of a single layer of cells. |
| arteria bulbi penis | The common penile artery subdivides into three arteries, the bulbourethral artery, the dorsal artery of the penis and the cavernosal artery. |
| ks-imm cell | The tumorigenic KS IMM cell line derives from Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a highly angiogenic tumor. |
| beta-tc3 cell | Murine insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells from an insulin producing tumour (insulinoma) in the pancreas. |
| jb6 cl41 cell | Human colorectal cancer cell line. |
| berry | A simple fruit (as a currant, grape, tomato, or banana) with a pulpy or fleshy pericarp. |
| bmmc cell | Bone marrow culture-derived mast cells. |
| lama-84 cell | Human chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis; established from the peripheral blood of a 29-year-old woman with chronic myeloid leukemia. |
| melan-a cell | Melan-a cells are an immortal pigmented mouse cell line, cultured from epidermal melanoblasts from embryos of inbred C57BL mice. |
| sgc-7901 cell | Human gastric cancer cell line. |
| plasmacytoma cell | Cancer cell of the plasma cells -white blood cells that produce antibodies- that may turn into multiple myeloma. |
| somatic embryo | An organized embryonic structure morphologically similar to a zygotic embryo but initiated from somatic non-zygotic cells. Under in vitro conditions, somatic embryos go through developmental processes similar to embryos of zygotic origin. |
| thymic dendritic cell | Thymic stromal cells include thymic cortical epithelial cells, thymic medullary epithelial cells, and dendritic cells. |
| panin cell | Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia cell line. |
| schwann cell line | |
| anterior silk gland | |
| pbmc cell line | |
| ccd-18co cell | Human normal colon fibroblast cell line established from a black 2.5-months-old human female. |
| cranium | 1: The skull of a vertebrate. 2: The portion of the skull enclosing the brain; the braincase. |
| rectal cancer cell | Cancer cell of the rectum. |
| nonparenchymal liver cell | Hepatocytes may constitute 60 to 80 % of the mass of the liver tissue. The remaining tissue is made up of non-parenchymal cells such as sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells, Kupffer cells and blood cells. |
| u-343 mg-a cell | Human glioma cell line. |
| colon | The part of the large intestine that extends from the cecum to the rectum. |
| renal clear cell | Cell with empty-appearing cytoplasm; seen normally in the sweat glands, the parathyroid glands, the collecting tubules of the kidneys, and the epididymis; they also appear in some types of cancer. |
| pod | A dry dehiscent pericarp or fruit that is composed of one or more carpels; especially: legume. |
| pectoral fin | In fish, one of the pair of fins that are situated one on each side of the fish just behind the gills. Normally they are used for balancing and braking, but in some species, e.g. Exocoetidae, flying fish, the extra-large fins are used for jumping and for gliding over the water surface. |
| nci-h522 cell | Human non-small cell lung cancer adenocarcinoma cell line. This line was derived from a lung cancer obtained from a 60 years old caucasian male patient prior to therapy. |
| bcwm.1 cell | Derived from a long-term culture of CD19(+) selected bone marrow lymphoplasmacytic cells isolated from an untreated patient with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. |
| antennal lobe | The antennal lobe is the deutocerebral neuropil of insect which receives the input from the olfactory sensory neurons on the antenna. Functionally, it shares some similarities with the olfactory bulb in vertebrates. |
| schizozoite | A merozoite prior to schizogony, as in the exoerythrocytic phase of the development of the Plasmodium agent after sporozoite invasion of the hepatocyte and before multiple division. |
| iliac artery | Either of the large arteries supplying blood to the lower trunk and hind limbs and arising by bifurcation of the aorta which in humans occurs at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra to form one vessel for each side of the body. |
| tsa-201 cell | A transformed human kidney 293 cell line stably expressing an SV40 temperature-sensitive T antigen. |
| chrb-30 cell | Multidrug resistant chinese hamster ovary cell line. |
| su-dhl-1 cell | Human anaplastic large cell lymphoma cell line, established from the pleural effusion of a 10-year-old boy in 1973; original diagnosis was diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, corrected to diffuse large cell lymphoma (1984) and malignant histiocytosis (1989); according to REAL/WHO classification considered to represent an anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). |
| forearm | The part of the arm between the elbow and the wrist; also: the corresponding part in other vertebrates. |
| mesenchymal stem cell | A special adult stem cell, which is a multipotent stem cell, that can be found in bone marrow and can produce all cell types of bone, cartilage, fat, blood, and connective tissues. |
| sh-ep cell | The SHEP human neuroblastoma cell line was subcloned from SK-N-SH. |
| ags cell | Human Caucasian gastric adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| aorta cell line | |
| 253j-bv cell | Highly metastatic variant from human transitional cell carcinoma. |
| colon muscle | |
| bewo cell | Human placenta choriocarcinoma cell line. |
| ejaculatory duct | Either of the paired ducts in the human male that are formed by the junction of the duct from the seminal vesicle with the vas deferens, pass through the prostate, and open into or close to the prostatic utricle. |
| acute megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line | Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is a form of leukemia where a majority of the blasts are megakaryoblastic. |
| giant cell carcinoma cell line | |
| nasal lavage fluid | Fluid obtained by irrigation or washout of the nasal cavity and nasal mucosa. |
| oci-aml2 cell | Human acute myeloid leukemia cell line; established from the peripheral blood of a 65-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia. |
| gland | A cell, group of cells, or organ of endothelial origin that selectively removes materials from the blood, concentrates or alters them, and secretes them for further use in the body or for elimination from the body. |
| mh7a cell | Human rheumatic synovial cell line. |
| bph-1 cell | Human benign prostate hyperplasia; prostate epithelial cells from a 68-year-old man with benign prostate hyperplasia; cells were immortalized with SV-40 large T-antigen; cells were described to express cytokeratins 8, 18, and 19 (but not 14) and to metabolize prostatic androgens. |
| bmn cell | Silkworm, Bombyx mori, cell line derived from ovary. |
| fine root | Primary roots usually <2 mm diameter that have the function of water and nutrient uptake. They are often heavily branched and support mycorrhizas. These roots may be short lived, but are replaced by the plant in an ongoing process of root 'turnover'. |
| th2 cell | Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete the interleukins IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10. These cytokines influence B-cell development and antibody production as well as augmenting humoral responses. |
| petal | The often showy flower component attached just inside the sepals; petals are usually colorful to attract pollinators. |
| oropharyngeal cancer cell | About 90% of oropharyngeal neoplasms are squamous cell carcinoma. Most patients complain of sore throat, otalgia or dysphagia; more advanced, invasive tumours may cause severe pain and trismus. |
| cem-vcr r cell | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, resistant to vincristine. |
| bbm cell | Bos taurus bone marrow normal cell line. |
| pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell | |
| baec cell | Bovine aortic endothelial cell line. |
| gingival fibroblast | A formative cell that moderates wound healing and healing after treatment. |
| honey sac | A distension of the esophagus of a bee in which honey is elaborated. |
| oligodendroglia | Neuroglia consisting of cells similar to but smaller than astrocytes, found in the central nervous system and associated with the formation of myelin. |
| alveolar epithelial cell line | |
| teratocarcinoma cell line | |
| pyloric mucosa | |
| iic9 cell | Chinese hamster embryonic fibroblast cell line. |
| nucleus dentatus | |
| carb cell | Mouse skin carcinoma cell line. |
| seedling | The embryonic product of the germination of a seed. The young shoot and root axis. |
| eye cancer cell | A cell of a cancerous growth in any part of the eye. |
| alphatn4-1 cell | Immortal murine lens epithelial cell line. |
| adipocyte | One of the fat-laden cells making up adipose tissue. |
| nplc/prf/5 cell | A subline of the PLC/PRF/5 cell line. |
| llc-pk1 cell | Pig normal kidney cell line, established from a 3- to 4-week-old male of sus scrofa. |
| colo-205 cell | Human Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma cell line. Isolated from ascitic fluid of a 70-year-old Caucasian male with carcinoma of the colon. |
| cerebellar nucleus | Four accumulations of gray substance embedded in the white substance of the cerebellum, comprising the nucleus dentatus, nucleus emboliformis, nucleus globosus, and nucleus fastigii. |
| sw-1116 cell | Homo sapiens (human) colon; colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line; established from a 73 year old caucasian male organism. |
| nhbe cell | Normal human bronchial epithelial cell line. |
| nci-h460m cell | Metastatic subclone of NCI-H460 cell line. |
| sas cell | Human tongue squamous carcinoma cell line. |
| cervical epithelial cell | |
| right ventricle | The lower right chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it under low pressure into the lungs via the pulmonary artery. |
| hematopoietic stem cell | A blood cell progenitor or mother cell representing a slightly later stage than the blast cell; it has the capacity for both replication and differentiation, and has pluripotentiality, giving rise to precursors of various different blood cell lines, such as the proerythrocyte and myeloblast, which cannot self-replicate and must differentiate into more mature daughter cells. |
| hep-3b2 cell | Human hepatocarcinoma cell line. |
| hatching gland | A transversely oriented set of cells located deep to the enveloping layer on the pericardial membrane, especially prominent during pharyngula period because of the brightly refractile cytoplasmic granules (containing hatching enzymes) of the principal cells of the gland; The fish hatching gland is a unicellular holocrine gland. Although it has recently been found that the precursors or immature forms of the gland cells considerably migrate in the embryonic body during development (see later), the final location of the hatching gland cells in fish is generally restricted to anterior and/or dorsal regions of a well-grown prehatching embryo. In medaka, the final location is somewhat unique: The giant gland cells are mostly localized in the inner surface of the buccal (or pharyngeal) cavity. |
| af5 cell | Immortalized mesencephalic-derived AF5 cell line. The characterized AF5 rat neural-derived cell line displays GABAergic properties during culture in vitro. |
| ophthalmic nerve | The one of the three major branches or divisions of the trigeminal nerve that supply sensory fibers to the lacrimal gland, eyelids, ciliary muscle, nose, forehead, and adjoining parts. |
| mel cell | Murine erythroleukemia cell line. |
| peyer's gland | Any of numerous large oval patches of closely aggregated nodules of lymphoid tissue in the walls of the small intestine especially in the ileum that partially or entirely disappear in advanced life and in typhoid fever become the seat of ulcers which may perforate the intestines. |
| mitotic cell | A cell that undergoes mitosis: a process that takes place in the nucleus of a dividing cell, involves typically a series of steps consisting of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, and results in the formation of two new nuclei each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus. |
| medial septum | A nucleus in the septal area, coextensive with the diagonal band of Broca; it has afferent and cholinergic efferent connections with a variety of forebrain and brain stem areas including the hippocampus, the lateral hypothalamus, the tegmentum, and the amygdaloid bodies. |
| pericardium | 1: The conical sac of serous membrane that encloses the heart and the roots of the great blood vessels of vertebrates. 2: A cavity or space that contains the heart of an invertebrate and in arthropods is a part of the hemocoel. |
| nci cell | Human fibrosarcoma cell line. |
| distal tubular epithelium | |
| mda-panc-28 cell | Human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| oc-3 cell | Human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line. |
| paw | The foot of a quadruped, as a lion or dog, that has claws. |
| chamber of the eye | One of he various spaces in the eyeball. |
| eggshell | The hard exterior covering of an egg. |
| duodenal gland | Any of the compound racemose glands in the submucous layer of the duodenum that secrete alkaline mucus and a potent proteolytic enzyme. |
| langerhans cell | Stellate dendritic cells, derived from precursors in the bone marrow, that appear clear on light microscopy and have a dark-staining, indented nucleus and characteristic inclusions (Birbeck granules) in the cytoplasm, they lack tonofilaments, desmosomes, and melanosomes. Langerhans' cells are found principally in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis, but they also occur in other stratified epithelia and have been identified in the lung, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus. They have surface markers characteristic of macrophages and are believed to be antigen-presenting cells involved in contact allergic responses and other cell-mediated immune reactions in the skin. |
| gastrointestinal stromal tumor cell | A type of tumor that usually begins in cells in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. It can be benign or malignant. |
| huma-7 cell | Normal human breast cell line. |
| neurohemal organ | A system of neurons that has the specialized function to produce and secrete hormones, and that constitutes, in whole or in part, an endocrine organ or system. |
| suit-2 cell | Human pancreatic cancer cell line. |
| external gill | External gills are the gills of an animal, most typically an amphibian, that are exposed to the environment, rather than set inside the pharynx and covered by gill slits, as they are in most fishes. |
| hs-683 cell | Human brain glioma cell line. Hs 683 was isolated from explant cultures of a glioma taken from the left temporal lobe of a 76 year old male Caucasian. |
| bw-5147 cell | Mouse AKR/J thymic lymphoma cell line. |
| tracheal smooth muscle | |
| nephron | A single excretory unit of the vertebrate kidney. |
| bone marrow stem cell | Bone marrow stem cells are the most primitive cells in the marrow. From them all the various types of blood cells are descended. |
| fruit | The mature ovary or ovaries of a seed-bearing plant, together with accessory parts, containing the seeds and occurring in a wide variety of forms. |
| biceps femoris | Biceps of the femur. |
| gastroesophageal cancer cell | |
| iris dilator muscle | A name given fibers extending radially from the sphincter pupillae to the ciliary margin; innervation, sympathetic; action, dilates iris. |
| cytotoxic t-lymphocyte cell line | |
| a-498 cell | Human kidney carcinoma cell line; established from the kidney carcinoma of a 52-year-old man in 1973. |
| renal outer medulla | |
| hpaf-2 cell | HPAF-II is a human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line derived from peritoneal ascitic fluid of a 44 year old Caucasian male with primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma and metastases to the liver, diaphragm and lymph nodes. |
| tov-112d cell | This cell line was initiated in October of 1992 from a patient with early onset ovarian cancer. The patient was of French-Canadian descent with an unknown family history of ovarian cancer. |
| mm1-r cell | Multiple myeloma cell line. |
| frontal lobe | Front part of the brain, involved in planning, organizing, problem solving, selective attention, personality and a variety of higher cognitive functions including behavior and emotions. |
| intestinal epithelium | The endodermally-derived epithelium of the intestine varies considerably, but the absorptive epithelium of small intestine is usually implied. |
| carotid atherosclerotic plaque | Cholesterol plaques on the inner wall of the carotid artery can lead to stroke. |
| avian pallium | In the anatomy of animals, an avian pallium is the dorsal telencephalon of a bird's brain. Pallium of avian species tend to be relatively large, comprising ~75% of the telencephalic volume. |
| pr cell | Osteosarcoma cell line. |
| oci-aml3 cell | Human acute myeloid leukemia cell line; established from the peripheral blood of a 57-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia. |
| ns-1 cell | Mouse myeloma cell line. |
| sghpl-4 cell | Extravillous trophoblast cell line. |
| bhk-21 cell | Syrian hamster kidney BHK-21 is a subclone (clone 13) of the parental line established from the kidneys of five unsexed, one-day-old hamsters in 1961; cells can be used for virus replication studies. |
| h2.35 cell | Mouse epithelial-like hepatoma cell line derived from a primary hepatocyte culture from the livers of 6 week old female BALB/c mice. |
| ins-1 823/13 cell | Subline of INS-1 rat insulinoma cell line with optimized glucose-sensitive insulin secretion. |
| b16f10-nex2 cell | B16F10-Nex2 is a subline from B16F10 murine melanoma , isolated at the Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX). It is characterized by low immunogenicity and moderate virulence. |
| upper epidermis | The epidermal layer directed towards the axis. |
| insular cortex | The insula is a portion of the cerebral cortex that is not visible until the margins of the lateral sulcus are opened up, or, as in this case, removed. The insular cortex is roughly triangular. Originally part of the superficial cortex, in higher mammals it became submerged beneath the expanding cortex around it, thereby remaining relatively close to the basal ganglia of the hemisphere. Complete submergence of the insular cortex is a feature of the human brain and is not found even in other primates. |
| k-562/r7 cell | Doxorubicin-selected variantt of the human myelogenous leukemia cell line K562. |
| fast muscle | The paler-colored muscle tissue of some mammals, composed of fast twitch muscle fibers. |
| cama-1 cell | Human mammary gland breast adenocarcinoma cell line, derived from metastatic site: pleural effusion. |
| anterior midgut | |
| ng2 cell | A significantly large population of glial cells in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) that can be identified by the expression of the NG2 proteoglycan. They are found in the developing and mature CNS and are distinct from neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and mature oligodendrocytes. They are often referred to as oligodendrocyte progenitor cells because of their ability to differentiate into oligodendrocytes in culture. |
| dermal microvascular endothelial cell | |
| 222 cell | Human gynecologic ovarian cancer cell line. |
| m5076 cell | Mouse, C57BL/6, sarcoma, reticulum cell line. |
| germarium | Each ovariole consists of a germarium and a series of ovarial follicles. The germarium is a mass of undifferentiated cells that form oocytes, nurse cells, and follicular cells. |
| smooth muscle | Muscle tissue that lacks cross striations, that is made up of elongated spindle-shaped cells having a central nucleus, and that is found in vertebrate visceral structures (as the stomach and bladder) as thin sheets performing functions not subject to conscious control by the mind and in all or most of the musculature of invertebrates other than arthropods. |
| nci-h1650 cell | Human lung bronchoalveolar carcinoma cell line, tumor stage 3B, derived from pleural effusion. |
| umbilical smooth muscle | |
| oln-93 cell | The permanent oligodendrocyte cell line OLN-93, derived from spontaneously transformed cells in primary rat brain glia cultures. |
| papillary renal cell carcinoma cell | A type of kidney cancer that accounts for 15 to 20% of renal carcinomas. It occurs in both sporadic and familial forms. Hereditary papillary renal carcinoma is characterized by the development of multiple papillary tumors in both kidneys. |
| rheumatoid arthritis disease specific synovial fluid | |
| jejunal mucosa | |
| laticifer | A plant cell or vessel that contains latex. |
| urogenital ridge | A pair of dorsolateral mesodermal ridges in the vertebrate embryo out of which the urogenital organs are developed. |
| endosperm | A triploid nutritive tissue resulting from the fusion of a haploid sperm nucleus with the two haploid polar nuclei in the ovule of angiosperms. |
| aorta thoracica smooth muscle cell line | |
| multiple myeloma cell line | |
| bile canaliculus | Fine tubular canals running between liver cells, throughout the parenchyma, usually occurring singly between each adjacent pair of cells, and forming a three-dimensional network of polyhedral meshes, with a single cell in each mesh. |
| seminoma cell | A type of cancer of the testicles. Seminomas may spread to the lung, bone, liver, or brain. |
| hop-62 cell | Non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| ros cell | Rat osteosarcoma cell line. |
| jimt-1 cell | Human breast carcinoma cell line; established from the pleural effusion of a 62-year-old woman with ductal breast cancer (grade 3 invasive, T2N1M0) after postoperative radiation in 2003. |
| neurosecretory cell | Cell that has properties both of electrical activity, carrying impulses and a secretory function, releasing hormones into the bloodstream. In a sense, they are behaving in the same way as any chemically signalling neuron, except that the target is the blood (and remote tissues), not another nerve or post synaptic region. |
| silique | A narrow elongated two-valved usually many-seeded capsule that is characteristic of the mustard family, opens by sutures at either margin, and has two parietal placentas. |
| pupa | An intermediate usually quiescent stage of a metamorphic insect as a bee, moth, or beetle that occurs between the larva and the imago, is usually enclosed in a cocoon or protective covering, and undergoes internal changes by which larval structures are replaced by those typical of the imago. |
| 1-ln cell | Human prostate cancer cell line. |
| kmst-6 cell | Human embryonic fibroblast cell line; established from a 9-weeks-old embryo of Homo sapiens. Normal fibroblasts immortalized by 60Co irradiation; indefinite growth, non-tumorigenic. |
| bxpc-3 cell | Human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line, established from a 61 year old human female. |
| medial entorhinal cortex | The entorhinal cortex (EC) is an important memory center in the brain. In rodents, the EC is located at the caudal end of the temporal lobe. In primates it is located at the rostral end of the temporal lobe and stretches dorsolaterally. It is usually divided into medial and lateral regions with three bands with distinct properties and connectivity running perpendicular across the whole area. |
| calu-3 cell | Human lung adenocarcinoma cell line; established from a 25-year-old caucasian male. |
| sf-268 cell | Human malignant CNS glioma cell line. |
| sf-21 cell | Insect - fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, cell line. This cell line was derived from immature ovaries of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda pupae (species Spodoptera frugiperda, family Sciaridae, order Lepidoptera); cells are susceptible to Baculovirus infection. |
| bulbourethral gland | Either of two small racemose glands that are located below the prostate and discharge a component of the seminal fluid into the urethra. They are homologous to the Bartholin's glands in the female. |
| car-1 cell | Human rectal carcinoma cell line. |
| larva | 1: The immature, wingless, and often wormlike feeding form that hatches from the egg of many insects, alters chiefly in size while passing through several molts, and is finally transformed into a pupa or chrysalis from which the adult emerges. 2: The early form of an animal (as a frog or sea urchin) that at birth or hatching is fundamentally unlike its parent and must metamorphose before assuming the adult characters. |
| periosteum | The dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones except at the joints and serving as an attachment for muscles and tendons. |
| colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line | |
| astrocyte cell line | |
| olfactory organ | The specialized structures subserving the function of the sense of smell, including the olfactory region of the nasal mucosa containing the bipolar cells of origin of the olfactory nerves, together with the olfactory glands. |
| subthalamic nucleus | A biconvex mass of gray matter on the medial side of the junction of the internal capsule and the crus cerebri; its chief connections are with the globus pallidus. |
| lymphoid tissue | Tissue that is particularly rich in lymphocytes (and accessory cells such as macrophages and reticular cells), particularly the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, Peyer's patches, pharyngeal tonsils, adenoids, and (in birds) the Bursa of Fabricius. |
| endodermis | The innermost tissue of the cortex in many roots and stems. |
| scc-15 cell | Human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line. |
| aerial root | An aerial root is a plant's root that is produced above the ground. |
| biofilm | A thin usually resistant layer of microorganisms (as bacteria) that form on and coat various surfaces (as of water pipes and catheters). |
| adenohypophysis tumor cell | |
| cerebral peduncle | Either of two large bundles of nerve fibers passing from the pons forward and outward to form the main connection between the cerebral hemispheres and the spinal cord. |
| paca-44 cell | Human pancreatic cancer cell line. |
| spermary | An organ or a gland in which male gametes are formed, especially in invertebrate animals. |
| high endothelial venule | Specialized area of vascular endothelium found in lymphoid organs, which express a variety of cell-adhesion molecules and is involved in lymphocyte extravasation. |
| pk-1 cell | Human cell line stablished from liver metastases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. |
| onco-dg1 cell | Oxyphilic papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line. |
| lncap-c4-2b cell | LNCaP-derivative C4-2B prostate cancer cell line. |
| sartorius | A muscle that crosses the front of the thigh obliquely, assists in rotating the leg to the cross-legged position in which the knees are spread wide apart, and in humans is the longest muscle. |
| peritoneal dialysis fluid | The peritoneal dialysis is a technique that uses the patients own body tissues inside of the abdominal cavity to act as a filter. A special fluid is flushed into the abdominal cavity and washes around the intestines. The intestinal walls act as a filter between this fluid and the blood stream. By using different types of solutions, waste products and excess water can be removed from the body through this process. |
| 862l cell | Mouse pheochromocytoma cell line. |
| mac-1 cell | T cell lymphoblastoid line. |
| bone cell line | |
| lan-5 cell | Human neuroblastoma cell line. |
| nose | 1a: The part of the face that bears the nostrils and covers the anterior part of the nasal cavity; broadly: this part together with the nasal cavity. 1b: The anterior part of the head at the top or end of the muzzle: snout, proboscis. 2: The vertebrate olfactory organ. |
| helper t-lymphocyte | A T-cell that participates in an immune response by recognizing a foreign antigen and secreting lymphokines to activate T cell and B cell proliferation, that usually carries CD4 molecular markers on its cell surface, and that is reduced to 20 percent or less of normal numbers in AIDS. |
| sk-lms-1 cell | Human vulva leiomyosarcoma cell line; established from a 43-years old caucasian female. |
| metaphloem | The primary phloem that forms after differentiation of the protophloem. |
| urinary bladder cell line | |
| aortic smooth muscle | |
| mo-b cell | Human Caucasian peripheral blood hairy cell leukaemia B-lymphoblast cell line. |
| node | The point on a stem at which leaves and buds are attached. |
| parotid gland duct | The excretory duct of the parotid glands. |
| mast cell | A large cell that occurs especially in connective tissue and has basophilic granules containing substances (as histamine and heparin) which mediate allergic reactions. |
| parahippocampal region | It is located in the limbic lobe. Recent research has found neurons here that are responsive to landmarks. |
| head muscle | |
| radula | A flexible tonguelike organ in certain mollusks, having rows of horny teeth on the surface. |
| medulloblastoma cell | A cell of a malignant, highly radiosensitive cerebellar tumor composed of undifferentiated neuroglial cells. |
| brain endothelium | |
| animal cap | In Xenopus embryos the animal cap, which is the area around the animal pole of the blastula, is destined to form the ectoderm during normal development. However, these cells retain pluripotentiality and upon exposure to specific inducers, the animal cap can differentiate into neural, mesodermal, and endodermal tissues. In this sense, the cells of the animal cap are equivalent to mammalian embryonic stem cells. |
| ftc-133 cell | Human thyroid carcinoma cell line; obtained from a lymph node metastasis of a follicular thyroid carcinoma from a 42-year-old male. |
| b-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell | |
| promontorium tympani | Promontory of tympanic cavity: the prominence on the medial wall of the tympanic cavity, formed by the first turn of the cochlea. |
| lung epithelial cell | |
| proximal deep inguinal lymph node | One of the deep inguinal lymph nodes located in or adjacent to the femoral canal; sometimes mistaken for a femoral hernia when enlarged. |
| nhl-b cell | B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma cell line. |
| heart endothelium | The endothelium, the layer of flat cells lining the closed spaces of the body such as the heart. |
| cementum | The bonelike rigid connective tissue covering the root of a tooth from the cementoenamel junction to the apex and lining the apex of the root canal, also assisting in tooth support by serving as attachment structures for the periodontal ligament. |
| twig | A small shoot or branch usually without its leaves. |
| blood platelet | A minute, nonnucleated, disklike cytoplasmic body found in the blood plasma of mammals that is derived from a megakaryocyte and functions to promote blood clotting. |
| glioma cell | A tumor cell originating in the neuroglia of the brain or spinal cord. |
| slow twitch muscle fiber | Small dark muscle fibers rich in mitochondria, myoglobin, and sarcoplasm and with only faint cross-striping; designed for slow but repetitive contractions over long periods of time. |
| sw-948 cell | Human colon adenocarcinoma, established from the colon tumor of a 81-year-old Caucasian woman with colon adenocarcinoma. |
| abrams cell | Canine osteosarcoma cell line. |
| sn-56 cell | Murine septal cholinergic neuronal cell line. |
| rat-1 cell | Rattus norvegicus connective tissue fibroblast cell line. |
| xenopus a6 cell | Kidney cell line of Xenopus laevis. |
| skeletal muscle fiber | Skeletal muscle fibers are cylindrical multinucleate cells containing contracting myofibrils, across which run transverse striations, enclosed in a sarcolemma. |
| svec4-10 cell | Mouse vascular endothelial cell line. SVEC4-10 is an endothelial cell line derived by SV40 (strain 4A) transformation of endothelial cells from axillary lymph node vessels. |
| uterine endometrial cancer cell | More than 95% of uterine cancers arise in the endometrium. Endometrial cancer develops when the cells that make up the endometrium become abnormal and grow uncontrollably. |
| ischial spine | A bony process projecting backward and medialward from the posterior border of the ischium. |
| b-103 cell | Rat neuroblastoma cell line. |
| carotid artery endothelial cell | |
| spinal trigeminal tract | Brainstem tract formed by the central processes of first-order, trigeminal ganglion neurons that extends from the caudal medulla to the midpons. This tract conveys nociceptive and thermal information from the face to second-order neurons in the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal complex. |
| vaginal epithelium | Vaginal epithelium is stratified squamous epithelium having a thickness of 15-200 microns. |
| subpallium | The subpallium is the ventral telencephalon of a birds brain. |
| amnion epithelium | |
| malme-3m cell | Human malignant melanoma cell line derived from lung tisse of a 43 years old caucasian male. |
| longitudinal smooth muscle | The outer layer of the muscular coat. |
| pa-1 cell | Human ovary ascites teratocarcinoma cell line. The line was established from cells taken from ascitic fluid. |
| meniscus | A fibrous cartilage within a joint especially of the knee. |
| mesothelioma cell line | |
| hce-7 cell | Human esophageal SCC cell line. |
| stav-ab cell | Human malignant mesothelioma cell line with epithelial differentiation. |
| trophoblast cell line | |
| hoof lamina | The tissues which attach the third phalanx to the hoof wall. |
| endostyle | An endostyle is a longitudinal ciliated groove on the ventral wall of the pharynx which produces mucus to gather food particles. It is found in urochordates and cephalochordates, and in the larvae of lampreys. It aids in transporting food to the esophagus. The endostyle in larval lampreys (ammocetes) metamorphoses into the thyroid gland in adults, and is regarded as being homologous to the thyroid gland in vertebrates. |
| spinal muscle | The medial division of the erector spinae. |
| pc-6 cell | A subline of PC12. The cells grow as single isolated cells, and have a slow but good morphological response to NGF. |
| rhabdomyosarcoma cell | Malignant tumour (sarcoma) derived from striated muscle. |
| stratified epithelium | Epithelium in which the cells are arranged in several layers. |
| ewing's sarcoma cell line | A malignant primary bone tumour that arises most commonly in the first three decades of life. |
| oc/cde22 cell | Gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)-negative, non-tumorigenic rat liver oval cell line. |
| immature cell | Not fully grown or developed. |
| medullary carcinoma cell | A cell of a carcinoma composed mainly of epithelial elements with little or no stroma. Medullary carcinomas of the breast constitute 5%-7% of all mammary carcinomas; medullary carcinomas of the thyroid comprise 3%-10% of all thyroid malignancies. |
| l8 cell | Rattus norvegicus skeletal muscle myoblast cell line. This line was originally isolated in 1969 from primary rat skeletal muscle cultures; unlike the L6 cell line no carcinogen was used to establish the L8 line. |
| b-cpap cell | Human papillary thyroid carcinoma derived cell line. |
| hepatoma cell line | |
| renal tubule | One of the minute, reabsorptive, secretory, and collecting canals, made up of basement membrane lined with epithelium, that form the substance of the kidneys. |
| middle cerebral artery | The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is one of the three major paired arteries that supplies blood to the cerebrum. |
| nb2a/d1 cell | Mouse neuroblastoma cell line. |
| scent gland | A specialized apocrine gland found in many mammals that produces a strong-smelling substance. (Also found in the abdomen of honeybees). |
| hypothalamus | The ventral part of the diencephalon that forms the floor and part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle. Anatomically, it includes the preoptic area, optic tract, optic chiasm, mammillary bodies, tuber cinereum, infundibulum, and neurohypophysis, but for physiological purposes the neurohypophysis is considered a distinct structure. The hypothalamus may be divided into five regions or areas (area hypothalamica rostralis, area hypothalamica dorsalis, area hypothalamica intermedia, area hypothalamica lateralis and area hypothalamica posterior) or into three longitudinal zones (periventricular zone, medial zone, and lateral zone). The hypothalamic nuclei constitute that part of the corticodiencephalic mechanism that activates, controls and integrates the peripheral autonomic mechanisms, endocrine activity, and many somatic functions, e.g., a general regulation of water balance, body temperature, sleep, and food intake, and the development of secondary sex characteristics. The hypothalamus secretes vasopressin and oxytocin, which are stored in the pituitary, as well as many releasing factors (hypophysiotropic hormones), by means of which it exerts control over functions of the adenohypophysis. |
| neural crest cell line | |
| mandibular condyle | The posterior process on the ramus of the mandible composed of two parts: a superior part, the articular portion, and an inferior part, the condylar neck. |
| paramyeloblast | Myeloblast: a large mononuclear nongranular bone-marrow cell; especially: one that is a precursor of a myelocyte. |
| ventral aorta | The artery in vertebrate embryos that carries blood from the ventricle of the heart to the aortic arches. In adult fish it branches into afferent branchial arteries supplying the gills. In adult tetrapods it is represented by the ascending part of the aorta. |
| vestibular nucleus | Any of four nuclei in the medulla oblongata on each side of the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain in which fibers of the vestibular nerve terminate. |
| htc cell | Rat hepatoma cell line. Derived from a rat ascites tumour, which in turn was derived from a solid hepatoma induced in male Buffalo rats by feeding them 0.04% N,N'-2,7fluorenyle-bis-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide for 12.4 months. |
| lateral hypodermal chord | Dorsal, ventral or lateral longitudinal thickenings of the hypodermis, generally internal. |
| olfactory bulb | A bulbous anterior projection of the olfactory lobe that is the place of termination of the olfactory nerves and is especially well developed in lower vertebrates (as fishes). |
| ookinete | A motile zygote in various protozoans (as the malaria parasite). |
| hit-t15 cell | Pancreatic beta cell line. |
| germinal center | The area in the center of a lymph node containing aggregations of actively proliferating lymphocytes. |
| ethmoid bone | An irregularly shaped, spongy bone that provides the floor of the front part of the skull and the roof of the nose. The ethmoid bone consists of two masses of thin plates enclosing air cells and looks like a sieve. |
| alveolus | A tiny, thin-walled, capillary-rich sac in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. |
| pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line | |
| snu-449 cell | Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. |
| thyroid epithelial cell | An epithelial cell lining the thyroid follicle. |
| hela-magi cell | CD4 positive HeLa cell line that contains an integrated HIV-1 promoter. |
| terminal bronchiole | The end of the nonrespiratory conducting airway; The lining is simple columnar or cuboidal epithelium without mucous goblet cells; most of the cells are ciliated, but a few nonciliated serous secreting cells occur. |
| harderian gland | An accessory lacrimal gland on the inner side of the orbit in reptiles and birds but usually degenerate in mammals. |
| hel cell | Human erythroleukemia, established from the peripheral blood of a 30-year-old man with erythroleukemia (AML M6) in relapse (after treatment for Hodgkin's disease) in 1980; cells were described to be capable of spontaneous and induced globin synthesis. |
| s-49 cell | Mouse lymphoblastic T-lymphoma cell line. |
| granulosa-theca cell tumor cell | An ovarian tumor predominantly composed of either granulosa cells (follicular cells) or theca cells, and often associated with excessive production of estrogen, with hyperplasia and carcinoma of the endometrium. When luteinized, i.e., having cells resembling those of the corpus luteum, it is known as luteoma. |
| clitoral gland | The preputial glands of female animals are sometimes called clitoral glands. |
| thorax muscle | |
| body wall | The portion of an animal body that consists of ectoderm and mesoderm, forms the external body surface, and encloses the body cavity. |
| nr-6 cell | Mouse fibroblast cell line. |
| brockmann body | Certain teleost fish have large anatomically discrete islet organs called Brockmann bodies (BBs). |
| bl-2 cell | Burkitt's lymphoma-derived cell line. |
| dermal papilla | Any of the conical extensions of the collagen fibers, the capillary blood vessels, and sometimes the nerves of the dermis into corresponding spaces among the downward- or inward-projecting rete ridges on the under surface of the epidermis. On the forehead and ear these are less prominent; on the face, neck, and pubes the relations are reversed and rete pegs extend inward or downward into spaces among a network of dermal ridges. |
| inferior mesenteric vein | The inferior (lower) mesenteric vein empties into the splenic vein. |
| v-79 cell | Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cell line, established from the lung tissue of a Chinese hamster in 1958. |
| tachyzoite | Oval, quickly multiplying trophozoite of Toxoplasma gondii, found in all tissues except non-nucleated erythrocytes during the acute stage of toxoplasmosis. |
| renal cancer cell line | |
| thorax | 1: The part of the mammalian body between the neck and the abdomen; also: its cavity in which the heart and lungs lie. 2: The middle of the three chief divisions of the body of an insect; also: the corresponding part of a crustacean or an arachnid. |
| secretion | Material that is secreted as a result of the activity of a gland; this activity may range from separating a specific substance of the blood to the elaboration of a new chemical substance. |
| oligodendrocyte | One of the cells comprising the oligodendroglia. |
| ishikawa cell | The cell line Ishikawa was established from an endometrial adenocarcinoma from a 39-year-old Asian woman. |
| subarachnoid space | The space between the arachnoidea mater and the pia mater, containing cerebrospinal fluid and bridged by delicate trabeculae. |
| fascia | A sheet of connective tissue covering or binding together body structures as muscles. |
| hmcb cell | Human bowes melanoma cell line of the skin. |
| chorion | The outer membrane of the two membranes enclosing the embryo in reptiles, birds, and mammals. In placental mammals it contributes to the development of the placenta. |
| venom gland | The venom gland of snakes is in actual fact a modified salivary gland and is linked to the groove in the fangs by a duct; A bee has a poison gland in her abdomen. |
| connecting stalk | A bridge of mesoderm connecting the caudal end of the young embryo with the trophoblastic tissues; the precursor of the umbilical cord. |
| pnt-1a cell | Human prostate normal cell line, immortalised with SV40. The primary culture was obtained from the prostate of a 35 year old male at post mortem. |
| ovarian cyst | Ovarian cysts are small fluid-filled sacs that develop in a woman's ovaries. |
| pitcher | A modified leaf of a pitcher plant in which the hollowed petiole and base of the blade form an elongated receptacle. |
| endometrial gland | The mucous secreting gland associated with the epithelium lining the uterus. These glands develop and secrete each menstrual cycle and are thought to provide initial blastocyst nutrition prior to implantation. |
| stromal cell | Connective tissue cells of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere. |
| rumen epithelium | The rumen epithelium is the tissue which lines the largest of the four fore stomachs in the ruminant animal -cows and sheep. Rumen epithelial cells are important because they are responsible for the absorption of nutrients from the rumen into the blood. |
| jejunum | The section of the small intestine that comprises the first two fifths beyond the duodenum and that is larger, thicker-walled, and more vascular and has more circular folds than the ileum. |
| vertebrate muscular system | |
| lymph | A clear, watery, sometimes faintly yellowish fluid derived from body tissues that contains white blood cells and circulates throughout the lymphatic system, returning to the venous bloodstream through the thoracic duct. Lymph acts to remove bacteria and certain proteins from the tissues, transport fat from the small intestine, and supply mature lymphocytes to the blood. |
| h-59 cell | Highly invasive Lewis lung carcinoma subline. |
| nasal cavity | The portion of the passages of the respiratory system extending from the nares to the pharynx. It is divided into left and right halves by the nasal septum; its floor is the hard palate, which separates it from the oral cavity; and its lateral walls contain the nasal conchae and nasal meatus. |
| thymic cortical epithelial cell | Thymic stromal cells include thymic cortical epithelial cells, thymic medullary epithelial cells, and dendritic cells. |
| squamous cell carcinoma cell | Carcinoma developed from squamous epithelium, having cuboid cells and characterized by keratinization and often by preservation of intercellular bridges. Initially local and superficial, the lesion may later invade and metastasize. |
| sensitive lamina | The laminae which interdigitate with the horny laminae of the hoof and which are made up of laminar corium plus a coat of not yet cornified epidermis. |
| tracheobronchial epithelial cell line | |
| corpora quadrigemina | Two pairs of colliculi on the dorsal surface of the midbrain composed of white matter externally and gray matter within, the superior pair containing correlation centers for optic reflexes and the inferior pair containing correlation centers for auditory reflexes. |
| ovary cell line | |
| epimastigote | Any of the bodies representing the morphologic (crithidial) stage in the life cycle of certain trypanosomatid protozoa resembling the typical adult form of members of the genus Crithidia, in which the kinetoplast and basal body are located anterior to the central vesicular nucleus of the slender elongate cell and the flagellum is attached to the body up to the anterior end by a short undulating membrane before becoming free-flowing. |
| antennal gland | Excretory gland situated in the basal article of the antennal peduncle. |
| caco-2 cell | Human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, established from the primary colon tumor (adenocarcinoma) of a 72-year-old Caucasian man in 1974. |
| squamous epithelium | Epithelium composed of flattened platelike cells. |
| p-388 cell | An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene. |
| t-47 cell | Human breast carcinoma cell line. |
| lncap cell | Human prostate carcinoma, established from the left supraclavicular lymph node metastasis from a 50-year-old man with prostate carcinoma in 1977; cells were described to be androgen-sensitive. |
| nthy-ori 3-1 cell | Human thyroid follicular epithelial cell line. |
| j.cam1.6 cell | The J.CaM1.6 cell line is a derivative mutant of Jurkat. |
| habenular nucleus | The gray matter of the habenula, composed of a small-celled medial and a larger-celled lateral habenular nucleus; both nuclei receive fibres from basal forebrain regions (septum, basal nucleus, lateral preoptic nucleus); the lateral habenular nucleus receives an additional projection from the medial segment of the globus pallidus. Both nuclei project by way of the retroflex fasciculus to the interpeduncular nucleus and a medial zone of the midbrain tegmentum. |
| thce cell | Telomerase-immortalized human corneal epithelial cell line. |
| lateral vestibular nucleus | The one of the four vestibular nuclei on each side of the medulla oblongata that is situated on the inner side of the inferior cerebellar peduncle beneath the floor of the fourth ventricle and that sends fibers down the same side of the spinal cord through the vestibulospinal tract. |
| mucinous adenocarcinoma cell | An adenocarcinoma that produces mucin in significant amounts. |
| posterior adductor muscle | Two dorsal muscles, called adductors, extend transversely between the valves, one at the anterior end and the other at the posterior end. The posterior adductor muscle is posterior to the kidney. |
| ewing's sarcoma cell | A malignant primary bone tumour that arises most commonly in the first three decades of life. |
| pulp | The soft, succulent part of a fruit usually composed of mesocarp. |
| mesothelium | The layer of flat cells, derived from the mesoderm, that line the coelom or body cavity of the embryo. In the adult, it forms the simple squamous epithelium that covers all true serous membranes (peritoneum, pericardium, pleura). |
| wm-35 cell | Human melanoma cell line, derived from the primary radial growth phase tumor site. |
| granulation tissue | Highly vascularized tissue that replaces the initial fibrin clot in a wound. Vascularization is by ingrowth of capillary endothelium from the surrounding vasculature. The tissue is also rich in fibroblasts (that will eventually produce the fibrous tissue) and leucocytes. |
| vasculature | The blood vessels or arrangement of blood vessels in an organ or part. |
| lung cancer cell line | |
| hlac-78 cell | Human larynx squamous cell carcinoma cell line. |
| scolex | The anterior organ of a tapeworm used for attachment to host tissues. |
| accessory olfactory bulb | The accessory olfactory bulb, which resides on the dorsal-posterior region of the main olfactory bulb, forms a parallel pathway independent from the main olfactory bulb. It is the second processing stage of the accessory olfactory system. It receives axonal input from the vomeronasal organ, a distinct sensory epithelium from the main olfactory epithelium that detects pheromones, among other chemical stimuli. Like the main olfactory bulb, axonal input to the accessory olfactory bulb forms synapses with mitral cells within glomeruli. However, mitral cells in the accessory olfactory bulb project their axons to targets in the amygdala and hypothalamus where they may influence aggressive and mating behavior. |
| brain capillary endothelial cell line | |
| miapaca-2 cell | Human pancreatic cancer cell line. |
| tall-104 cell | Human leukemic cytotoxic T cell line. |
| gall bladder cancer cell line | |
| ejaculatory duct epithelium | The ejaculatory duct epithelium is composed of cuboidal to columnar cells between or through which project the terminal parts of the ducts of the unicellular prostate glands. |
| hairy cell leukemia cell line | A form of chronic leukemia marked by splenomegaly and the large, mononuclear, villus-covered cells called hairy cells in the bone marrow, spleen, liver, and peripheral blood. |
| tectum mesencephali | The dorsal part of the midbrain including the corpora quadrigemina. |
| neurohypophysis | The portion of the pituitary gland that is composed of the infundibulum and posterior lobe and is concerned with the secretion of various hormones. |
| nci-h838 cell | Human lung adenocarcinoma; non-small cell lung cancer cell line; tumor stage 3B; derived from metastatic site: lymph node. |
| blood vessel wall | |
| nhost cell | Normal female human osteoblast cell line. |
| inflorescence apex | The inflorescence apex produces inflorescence axes in the axils of all ventral bracts of two rows, and secondary inflorescences in the axils of the lower dorsal bracts of the other two rows. |
| synganglion | The synganglion constitutes the entire central nervous of the tick. There is no separate brain or ventral nerve chord. The synganglion is located in the midventral region of the body immediately posterior to the genital pore in adults or the location where the genital pore will form in immature specimens. The synganglion is a small white organ approximately 0.5 mm wide by 0.4 - 0.5 mm long. The esophagus penetrates through the synganglion, entering more or less from the anterior ventral side and emerging near theposterior dorsal side of the organ. |
| mel im cell | Melanoma cell line derived from metastases of primary tumors. |
| olfactory glomerulus | One of the small globular masses of dense neuropil in the olfactory bulb, containing the first synapse in the olfactory pathway. |
| antenna | One of a pair of slender movable segmented sensory organs on the head of insects, myriapods, and crustaceans. |
| nci-h157 cell | Human large cell lung cancer cell line. |
| mopc-104e cell | Murine plasmacytoma cell line. |
| proximale tubular epithelium | The cells lining the proximal tubule are cuboidal epithelial cells with deep basal membrane invaginations that provide a large basal surface area. The long microvilli (the brush border) lining the tubule lumen, maximize luminal surface area and make these cells ideally suited for both reabsorptive and secretory functions. |
| pancreatic duct | The main excretory duct of the pancreas, which usually unites with the common bile duct before entering the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla. |
| sporulated oocyst | A sporozoan zygote undergoing sporogenous development. |
| small cell lung cancer cell | A cell of a common, highly malignant form of bronchogenic carcinoma in the wall of a major bronchus, occurring mainly in middle-aged individuals with a history of tobacco smoking; it is radiosensitive and has small oval undifferentiated cells that are intensely hematoxyphilic. Metastasis to the hilum and to mediastinal lymph nodes is common. |
| cardinal vein | Any of four longitudinal veins of the vertebrate embryo running anteriorly and posteriorly along each side of the spinal column with the pair on each side meeting at and discharging blood to the heart through the corresponding duct of Cuvier. |
| plasmacytoid dendritic cell | The plasmacytoid dendritic cell, pDC, is a type of white blood cell. The primary function of this cell type is to produce type I interferon when the body is infected by a virus. The pDC has special surface receptors that can detect many types of viruses. |
| myeloma cell | A primary tumor cell of the bone marrow. |
| bht-101 cell | Human thyroid carcinoma cell line; established from the lymph node metastasis of a 63-year-old woman with anaplastic papillary thyroid carinoma. |
| ll/2 (llc1) cell | Mouse C57BL Lewis lung carcinoma cell line. |
| liver reticuloendothelial system | |
| ht-115 cell | Human colon carcinoma cell line. |
| rectal adenocarcinoma cell line | |
| arh-77 cell | Human plasma cell leukemia cell line, established from the peripheral blood of a 33-year-old woman with IgG plasma cell leukemia; cell line is widely used as model for multiple myeloma/plasma cell leukemia, but cells are clearly EBV+ indicating that ARH-77 might be rather a normal B-lymphoblastoid cell line than a tumor cell line. |
| ln-229 cell | Human brain, right frontal parieto-occipital cortex, glioblastoma cell line; established from a 60 years old white female. |
| kupffer cell | Large star-shaped or pyramidal cells with a large oval nucleus and a small prominent nucleolus. These intensely phagocytic cells line the walls of the sinusoids of the liver and form a part of the reticuloendothelial system. |
| rhizome | A somewhat elongate usually horizontal subterranean plant stem that is often thickened by deposits of reserve food material, produces shoots above and roots below, and is distinguished from a true root in possessing buds, nodes, and usually scalelike leaves. |
| digestive cell | Three cell types are present in tubules of the digestive gland of the marine prosobranch Maoricrypta monoxyla. Histochemistry, and feeding and starvation experiments established that the main type, the digestive cell, is involved in endocytotic uptake of food material from the lumen. |
| nctc-2544 cell | Human skin keratinocyte cell line. |
| cmt-93 cell | Mouse rectum polyploid carcinoma cell line from a 19-months old female Mus musculus strain C57BL/icrf. |
| karpas-422 cell | Human B cell lymphoma cell line; established from the pleural effusion of a 73-year-old woman with B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (intraabdominal, diffuse large cell lymphoma, refractory, terminal) in 1987. |
| gbc-sd cell | Human gallbladder carcinoma cell line. |
| monocyte | A mononuclear phagocytic leukocyte, 13 to 25 mm in diameter, with an ovoid or kidney-shaped nucleus, containing lacy, linear chromatin and abundant gray-blue cytoplasm filled with fine reddish and azurophilic granules. Formed in the bone marrow from promonocytes, monocytes are transported to tissues such as the lung and liver, where they develop into macrophages. |
| alzheimer disease specific cell type | Alzheimer is a disease marked by the loss of cognitive ability, generally over a period of 10 to 15 years, and associated with the development of abnormal tissues and protein deposits in the cerebral cortex. |
| ach-2 cell | Chronically infected T-cell line. Human monocytic and T-lymphoid cell line, persistently infected with HIV-1. |
| paraventricular nucleus | The nucleus paraventricularis anterior thalami and nuclues paraventricularis posterior thalami, two of the nuclei mediani thalami; they are situated on the dorsomedial wall of the thalamus, juxtaposed to the third ventricle. |
| daoy cell | Human medulloblastoma cell line. |
| flower | The reproductive structure of the anthophyta or angiosperms. |
| a-431 cell | Human epidermoid carcinoma established from the solid tumor of an 85-year-old woman; cells were reported to have large numbers of EGF binding sites; cell line was used as indicator cell line for anti-TGF binding. |
| planktonic cell | A plankton-like cell. That means the passively floating or weakly swimming usually minute animal and plant life of a body of water. |
| sporulating cell | |
| ovca-4 cell | Human ovarian cancer cell line. |
| primary meristem | Meristem (as procambium) derived from the apical meristem. |
| myeloid leukemia cell | A malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues; marked by proliferation of myelocytes and their presence in the blood. |
| proboscis | 1: The trunk of an elephant; also: any long flexible snout. 2: Any of various elongated or extensible tubular processes as the sucking organ of a butterfly of the oral region of an invertebrate. |
| locus ceruleus | |
| mhcc-97 cell | Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. |
| nerve sheath | Any of several types of coatings or coverings for nerve fibers and nerve tracts. Kinds of nerve sheaths include medullary, myelin, and neurilemma. |
| nb2-sp cell | Prolactin-independent subline of NB-2. |
| tm-4 cell | Mouse testicular Sertoli cell line. |
| duodenal juice | |
| medullary thyroid carcinoma cell | A cell ot a type of thyroid gland carcinoma that contains amyloid deposits and parafollicular cells and secretes calcitonin. It occurs in both an autosomal dominant form as a component of multiple endocrine neoplasia, types II and III, and in a nonfamilial form. |
| dopaminergic neuron | A dopaminergic neuron is a neuron that releases dopamine from its synapses. Dopaminergic neurons are present chiefly in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain, substantia nigra pars compacta, and arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. They are believed to be the primary neuron used in the reward system of the ventral tegmental area and the substantia nigra pars compacta. |
| elytron | One of the anterior wings in beetles and some other insects that serve to protect the posterior pair of functional wings. |
| rhizophore | A leafless stem that produces roots. |
| neuropil | In neuroanatomy, a neuropil is a region between neuronal cell bodies in the gray matter of the brain and blood-brain barrier (i.e. the central nervous system). It consists of a dense tangle of axon terminals, dendrites and glial cell processes. It is where synaptic connections are formed between branches of axons and dendrites. White matter, which is mostly composed of axons and glial cells, is generally not considered to be a part of the neuropil. |
| follicular thyroid cancer cell | |
| choroid plexus | The choroid plexus is tissue located in the spaces inside the brain called ventricles. The choroid plexus makes the fluid that fills the ventricles and surrounds the brain and spinal cord. |
| limbic system | A group of subcortical structures (as the hypothalamus, the hippocampus, and the amygdala) of the brain that are concerned especially with emotion and motivation. |
| sporophyte | The individual or generation of a plant exhibiting alternation of generations that bears asexual spores. |
| colon transversum | The portion of the colon that runs transversely across the upper part of the abdomen, from the right to the left colic flexure. |
| lateral geniculate body | The lateral one of a pair of small oval masses that protrude slightly from the posteroinferior aspects of the thalamus; its main (dorsal) subdivision serves as a processing station in the major pathway from the retina to the cerebral cortex, receiving fibres from the optic tract and giving rise to the geniculocalcarine radiation to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe. |
| hepatoma ascites cell line | |
| bone cancer cell | Cancer cell of the skeleton. Cancers that begin in bone are rare but it is not unusual for cancers to spread (metastasize) to bone from other parts of the body. This is not called bone cancer, but is named for the organ or tissue in which the cancer begins. |
| lovo cell | Human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, established from the metastatic nodule resected from a 56-year-old Caucasian man with colon adenocarcinoma in 1972. |
| teratocyte | In Lepidoptera Pieridae, unicellular forms resulting from the embryonic membranes of parasitic Braconidae. |
| nucleus lentiformis | The part of the corpus striatum somewhat resembling a biconvex lens, divided into an external, larger, lateral part (putamen) and an internal, smaller, lighter colored medial part (globus pallidus), which is in turn subdivided into a smaller, medial, and a larger, lateral part by the medial medullary lamina. |
| myofibroblast cell line | |
| proventriculus | 1: The glandular or true stomach of a bird that is situated between the crop and gizzard. 2: A muscular dilatation of the foregut in most mandibulate insects that is armed internally with chitinous teeth or plates for triturating food. 3: The thin-walled sac in front of the gizzard of an earthworm. |
| rheumatoid arthritis disease specific synovial fibroblast | Rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts constitute a quite unique cell type that distinguishes rheumatoid arthritis from other inflammatory conditions of the joints. |
| rhinencephalon | The olfactory region of the brain, located in the cerebrum. |
| lymphosarcoma cell | A malignant lymphoma cell that tends to metastasize freely especially along the regional lymphatic drainage. |
| alpha-tc1.6 cell | Clonal mouse pancreatic alpha-cell line. |
| helf cell | Human embryonic lung fibroblast cell line. |
| gastrointestinal endocrine cell | Cells found throughout the lining of the gastrointestinal tract that contain regulatory peptide hormones and/or biogenic amines. The substances are located in secretory granules and act in an endocrine or paracrine manner. Some of these substances are also found in neurons in the gut. There are at least 15 different types of endocrine cells of the gut. Some take up amine precursors and have been called APUD CELLS. However, most endocrine cells of the gut apparently have endodermal rather than neuroectodermal origin, so the relationship with APUD cells is not clear. |
| female cone | In conifers, the reproductive parts are housed within the cones. A conifer has two kinds of cones. Seed, or female cones are the larger, hard cones. Each of the scales that make up a seed cone has two ovules. Every ovule produces a spore that grows into a female gametophyte and this tiny plant produces egg cells. The wind usually delivers the pollen grains from the pollen cone to the seed cone, this is the yellow haze often seen in the spring in coniferous forest areas. |
| epitrochlearis muscle | Rat foreleg skeletal muscle. |
| ewing's sarcoma family tumor cell line | Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) belong to the group of neoplasms commonly referred to as small, round, blue-cell tumors of childhood. |
| sweat gland | A simple tubular gland of the skin that secretes perspiration, is widely distributed in nearly all parts of the human skin, and consists typically of an epithelial tube extending spirally from a minute pore on the surface of the skin into the dermis or subcutaneous tissues where it ends in a convoluted tuft. |
| tail | The rear end or a process or prolongation of the rear end of the body of an animal. |
| bcbl-1 cell | EBV negative PEL cell line. |
| breast epithelium | |
| vaginal cell line | |
| 1704 cell | Human melanoma cell line. |
| sum-149 cell | Inflammatory human breast cancer cell line. |
| a-427 cell | Human lung carcinoma cell line; established from the lung carcinoma of a 52-year-old Caucasian man. |
| plant embryo | The early developmental stage that, through embryological development, ultimately becomes an adult individual. In plants, that portion of a seed that will form the growing seedling following germination, it has a radicle, apical meristem, and embryonic leaf or leaves. |
| ns20y cell | Mouse neuroblastoma cell line established from a A/Jax mouse strain with neuroblastoma C1300. Cells were described to be aneuploid and to contain high specific activity of choline acetyltransferase. |
| cervical squamous cell carcinoma cell line | |
| rpmi-8402 cell | Human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line; established from the peripheral blood of a 16-year-old woman with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in 1972. |
| phrenic nerve | A general motor and sensory nerve on each side of the body that arises chiefly from the fourth cervical nerve, passes down through the thorax to the diaphragm, and supplies or gives off branches supplying especially the pericardium, pleura, and diaphragm. |
| metencephalon | The anterior segment of the developing vertebrate hindbrain or the corresponding part of the adult brain composed of the cerebellum and pons. |
| roe | The eggs of a fish especially when still enclosed in the ovarian membrane. |
| tapetum lucidum | A layer in the choroid chiefly of nocturnal mammals that reflects light causing the eyes to glow when light strikes them at night and that is made up of several layers of flattened cells covered by a zone of doubly refracting crystals. |
| submandibular gland cell line | |
| gastric epithelial cell | |
| dried cell | |
| lamina propria | A highly vascular layer of connective tissue under the basement membrane lining a layer of epithelium. |
| mesenchymal cell | An undifferentiated cell found in mesenchyme and capable of differentiating into various specialized connective tissues. |
| small saphenous vein | The small saphenous vein runs behind the outer malleolus (the protuberance on the outside of the ankle joint), comes up the back of the leg and joins the popliteal vein in the space behind the knee (the popliteal space). |
| dg-75 cell | Human Burkitt lymphoma cell line; established from the pleural effusion of a 10-year-old boy with Burkitt's lymphoma (refractory, terminal) in 1975. |
| ovary epithelium | |
| capillary | A capillary tube; especially: any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules and forming networks throughout the body. |
| hn cell | Oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line. |
| flexor digitorum profundus | A deep muscle of the ulnar side of the forearm that flexes especially the terminal phalanges of the four fingers. |
| nci-h2009 cell | Human lung adenocarcinoma cell line; tumor stage 4; derived from metastatic site: lymph node. |
| hbl-5 cell | Human Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines HBL-5 was established from a patient with small noncleaved cell lymphoma (Burkitt's type). The HBL-5 cell line is Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive. |
| root primordium | Different primordial types like the leaf and flower primordia arise from the shoot lateral meristem. |
| c1r cell | The HLA-A,B negative mutant cell line C1R is widely used as a transfection recipient in functional studies of class I MHC genes. It was derived from a normal B cell line. |
| astroglia | Neuroglia tissue made up of astrocytes. |
| ventral posterior inferior nucleus | |
| epidermis | The outer epithelial layer of the external integument of the animal body that is derived from the embryonic epiblast; specifically: the outer nonsensitive and nonvascular layer of the skin of a vertebrate that overlies the dermis. |
| alveolar macrophage | Macrophage found in lung and that can be obtained by lung lavage, responsible for clearance of inhaled particles and lung surfactant. Metabolism slightly different from peritoneal macrophages (more oxidative metabolism), often have multivesicular bodies that may represent residual undigested lung surfactant. |
| gastrointestinal cancer cell | |
| basal forebrain | The basal forebrain is a term for a group of structures that lie near the bottom of the front of the brain, including the nucleus basalis, diagonal band, medial septum and substantia innominata. These structures are important in the production of a brain chemical called acetylcholine, which is then distributed widely throughout the brain. |
| large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma cell | Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is now recognized as an histologically high-grade non-small cell carcinoma showing histopathological features of neuroendocrine differentiation as well as immunohistochemical neuroendocrine markers. |
| c3h10t1/2 cell | Mouse embryonic mesenchymal stem cell line. |
| miapaca cell | Human pancreatic carcinoma cell line. |
| malignant mixed muellerian tumor cell | A rare type of tumor that is a mixture of carcinoma and sarcoma cells. It usually occurs in the uterus. |
| nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line | |
| cystadenocarcinoma cell line | |
| subiculum | The zone of transition between the parahippocampal gyrus and Ammon's horn of the hippocampus. |
| tendril | A leaf, stipule, or stem modified into a slender spirally coiling sensitive organ serving to attach a climbing plant to its support. |
| glandular stomach | Stomach found in horses; includes cardiac, proper gastric and pyloric glandular zones. |
| ln-18 cell | Human brain, cerebrum; right temporal lobe, glioblastoma; glioma; grade IV cell line; established from a 65 years old white male. |
| hos-te85 cell | Human, Caucasian, bone, osteosarcoma cell line; established from a 13-years old caucasian female. |
| gastrodermis | The tissue lining the gut cavity of an invertebrate, which is responsible for digestion and absorption. |
| leydig cell line | |
| cervical adenocarcinoma cell line | |
| parathyroid hormone secreting cell | Parathyroid hormone is secreted from cells of the parathyroid glands and finds its major target cells in bone and kidney. |
| gracilis muscle | The Gracilis is the most superficial muscle on the medial side of the thigh. It is thin and flattened, broad above, narrow and tapering below. It arises by a thin aponeurosis from the anterior margins of the lower half of the symphysis pubis and the upper half of the pubic arch. The fibers run vertically downward, and end in a rounded tendon, which passes behind the medial condyle of the femur, curves around the medial condyle of the tibia, where it becomes flattened, and is inserted into the upper part of the medial surface of the body of the tibia, below the condyle. |
| endometrial cell line | |
| vestibular system | The organ of the inner ear containing several three semicircular ducts at right angles to one another, helps keep the body balanced. |
| wi38-va13 subline 2ra cell | Homo sapiens (human) lung fibroblast; SV40 transformed cell line; established from 3 months gestation caucasian female. |
| adrenal cortex cell line | |
| t-84 cell | Human colon carcinoma. Morphology: epithelial-like; Species: human 72 years old; Tissue: colon; Tumor: carcinoma; Derived from: metastasis to lung. |
| jeg-3 cell | Human choriocarcinoma cell line; established from a human gestational choriocarcinoma which was taken at autopsy from a cerebral metastasis; serial sister cell line of cell line BEWO. |
| clara cell | Clara cells are specialized non-ciliated epithelial cells in the terminal bronchioles of mammals and in the upper airways of some species such as mice. |
| reticulum trabeculare | A trabeculum of loose fibers found at the iridocorneal angle between the anterior chamber of the eye and the venous sinus of the sclera; the aqueous humor filters through the spaces between the fibers into the sinus and passes into the bloodstream. The reticulum is divided into a corneoscleral part and a uveal part; An area of tissue in the eye located around the base of the cornea, near the ciliary body, and is responsible for draining the aqueous humor from the eye via the anterior chamber. The tissue is spongy and lined by trabeculocytes; it allows fluid to drain into a set of tubes called Schlemm's canal flowing into the blood system. |
| semitendinosus | A fusiform muscle of the posterior and inner part of the thigh that arises from the ischial tuberosity along with the biceps femoris, that is inserted by a long round tendon which forms part of the inner hamstring into the inner surface of the upper part of the shaft of the tibia, and that acts to flex the leg and rotate it medially and to extend the thigh. |
| gonad | A reproductive gland (as an ovary or testis) that produces gametes. |
| lung bud | An outgrowth from the foregut that gives rise to the trachea, bronchi, and all the branchings that form a tracheobronchial tree. |
| lung adenocarcinoma cell | A type of bronchogenic carcinoma made up of cuboidal or columnar cells in a discrete mass, usually at the periphery of the lungs. Most such tumors form glandular structures containing mucin, although a minority are solid and without mucin. Growth is slow, but there may be early invasion of blood and lymph vessels, giving rise to metastases while the primary lesion is still asymptomatic. |
| sw-1990 cell | Human pancreatic cancer cell line. |
| cholangiocarcinoma cell line | |
| fibrosarcoma cell line | |
| intraocular melanoma cell | Cancer cell of the part of the eye called the uvea, which is composed of the iris (the colored part of the eye), the ciliary body (a muscle in the eye), and the choroid (a layer of tissue in the back of the eye). It is a type of MELANOMA and a very rare cancer, but the most common form of EYE CANCER in adults. If melanoma starts in the iris, there may be a dark spot on the iris. A symptom of melanoma in the ciliary body or choroid may be blurry vision. |
| mio-m1 cell | A spontaneously immortalized Mueller cell line. It has been named MIO-M1 (Moorfields/Institute of Ophthalmology-Mueller 1) after the authors institution. |
| colonic mucosa | |
| pc-j cell | A subculture cell line of PC-3. |
| central nervous system | The central nervous system is that part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord. The central nervous system (CNS) is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. The other is the peripheral nervous system (PNS) which is outside the brain and spinal cord. |
| uterine adenocarcinoma cell line | |
| testicular cancer cell | Cancer that forms in tissues of the testis. Testicular cancer usually occurs in young or middle-aged men. Two main types of testicular cancer are seminomas (cancers that grow slowly and are sensitive to radiation therapy) and nonseminomas (different cell types that grow more quickly than seminomas). |
| tergal gland secretion | Tergal gland secretion contains phagostimulatory sugars and phospholipids that encourage females of the German cockroach feeding and arrest the female in a position favorable for mating to proceed. |
| gametophyte | The individual or generation of a plant exhibiting alternation of generations that bears sex organs. |
| immune stem cell | Hematopoietic stem cell. |
| ej cell | Human urinary bladder cancer cell line. |
| imaginal disc | A group of undifferentiated cells in an insect larva that develops into a specific adult structure. |
| septal area | The region of the cerebral hemisphere that stretches as a thin sheet of brain tissue between the fornix bundle and the ventral surface of the corpus callosum, forming the medial wall of the lateral ventricle's frontal horn; it extends ventrally through the narrow interval between the anterior commissure and the rostrum of corpus collosum as the precommissural septum or subcallosal gyrus, which is continuous caudally with the preoptic area and hypothalamus, as well as more laterally with the innominate substance; its major functional connections are with the hippocampus and hypothalamus. It is composed of a dorsal septal nucleus, lateral septal nucleus, medial septal nucleus, septofimbrial nucleus , and triangular nucleus of septum. The subformical organ is also found in this area. |
| fruit peduncle | |
| t-lymphocyte cell line | |
| histiocyte | A nonmotile macrophage of extravascular tissues and especially connective tissue. |
| sinus node | A small mass of tissue that is embedded in the musculature of the right atrium of higher vertebrates and that originates the impulses stimulating the heartbeat. |
| mel-ab cell | Spontaneously immortalized mouse melanocyte cell line. |
| pyloric region | Pylorus: the opening from the vertebrate stomach into the intestine. |
| trunk | 1: The human or animal body apart from the head and appendages. 2: The thorax of an insect. |
| serous gland | An exocrine gland that produces a watery, protein rich secretion, as opposed to a carbohydrate rich mucous secretion. |
| ke-37 cell | Human T cell leukemia cell line; established from a 27-year-old man with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in 1979. |
| choriocarcinoma cell line | |
| sw-1573 cell | Non-small cell lung cancer cell line. |
| alveolar bone | The thin layer of bone making up the bony processes of the maxilla and mandible, and surrounding and containing the teeth; it is pierced by many small openings through which blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerve fibers pass. |
| jtc-27 cell | Rat hepatoma, established from the transplantable rat ascites hepatoma AH-601 induced by feeding with aminoazotoluene; the hepatoma was passaged by intraperitoneal transplantation though JAR-2 rats. |
| mantle cell lymphoma cell | Mantle cell lymphoma is one of the rarest of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, comprising about 6% of NHL cases. It is a subtype of B-cell lymphoma, due to CD5 positive antigen-naive pregerminal center B-cell within the mantle zone that surrounds normal germinal center follicles. |
| nci-h226br cell | The H226Br cell line is a variant of the NCI-H226 cell line derived from a brain metastasis in a nu/nu mouse. |
| parathyroid gland cancer cell | |
| adf cell | Human continuous glioblastoma cell line. |
| pinealocyte | The parenchymatous epithelioid cell of the pineal gland that has prominent nucleoli and long processes ending in bulbous expansions. |
| ovary epithelium cell line | |
| hd-11 cell | Avian (chicken) macrophage cell line. |
| mandibular nerve | One of three terminal divisions of the trigeminal nerve, passing through the foramen ovale to the infratemporal fossa. Origin, trigeminal ganglion; branches, meningeal ramus, masseteric, deep temporal, lateral and medial pterygoid, buccal, auriculotemporal, lingual, and inferior alveolar nerves; distribution, extensive distribution to muscles of mastication, skin of face, mucous membrane of mouth, and teeth. |
| thymic stromal cell | Cells in the thymus can be divided into thymic stromal cells and cells of hematopoietic origin. |
| anterior cingulate cortex | That portion of the cingulate cortex which is located within the frontal lobe (the remainder being in the parietal lobe). It is believed to be involved in the processing of attention. |
| jugular vein | Any of several large veins of the neck that drain blood from the head. |
| molt-3 cell | Human T cell leukemia cell line; established from the peripheral blood of a 19-year-old man with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, ALL, in relapse in 1971; sister cell line of MOLT-4. |
| lobopodium | A wide, blunt pseudopodium composed of both ectoplasm and endoplasm. |
| oil gland | A gland, such as a sebaceous gland, that secretes an oily substance. |
| neuro-2a cell | Mus musculus (mouse) brain neuroblastoma cell line. Clone Neuro-2a was established by R.J. Klebe and F.H. Ruddle from a spontaneous tumor of a strain A albino mouse. |
| subesophageal ganglion | Nerve centre at the junction of the circumoesophageal connectives and the ventral nerve cord. |
| granulocyte | A polymorphonuclear white blood cell with granule-containingcytoplasm. In humans the granulocytes are also classified as polymorphonuclear leucocytes and are subdivided according to the staining properties of the granules into eosinophils, basophils and neutrophils, some invertebrate blood cells are also referred to, not very helpfully, as granulocytes. |
| dorsal globus pallidus | |
| renal tubule epithelium | |
| uropygial gland | A large gland at the base of a bird's tail that secretes an oil used in preening. |
| testis sheath | |
| erythroleukemia cell line | |
| vascular tissue | The supportive and conductive tissue in plants, consisting of xylem and phloem. |
| mo-t cell | Human hairy cell leukemia T-lymphocyte cell line. |
| cho-ly-b cell | Chinese hamster ovary cells strain with defective serine palmitoyltransferase. |
| craniofacial region | Relating to both the face and the cranium. |
| microvascular endothelium | |
| leiomyosarcoma cell | A malignant tumor cell of smooth muscle origin. Smooth muscle is the major structural component of most hollow internal organs and the walls of blood vessels. Can occur almost anywhere in the body but is most frequent in the uterus and gastrointestinal tract. Complete surgical excision, if possible, is the treatment of choice. |
| acc-lc-319 cell | Human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line. |
| 3t3-f442a cell | Preadipocyte cell line. |
| sf-9 cell | Insect - fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) cell line, cloned from the parent cell line, IPLB-SF-21-AE, derived from pupal ovarian tissue of the fall armyworm (species Spodoptera frugiperda, family Sciaridae, order Lepidoptera); cells are susceptible to infection with MNPV and other Baculoviruses; cells can be used with Baculovirus expression vectors. It was derived from SF-21. |
| g-401 cell | Human caucasian kidney cell line. G-401 was deposited as a cell line derived from a Wilms tumor. Due to a change in the classification of such tumors, the cell line was examined by Garvin et al and found to be more appropriately classified as derived from a rhabdoid tumor of the kidney. |
| u2-os cell | Human osteosarcoma cell line. |
| eye | An organ of sight; especially: a nearly spherical hollow organ that is lined with a sensitive retina, is lodged in a bony orbit in the skull, is the vertebrate organ of sight, and is normally paired. |
| corneal epithelial cell | |
| venous system | A system of interconnected blood vessels that returns blood to the heart from the tissue and capillary bed through progressively larger vessels. |
| wing disc | The entire dorsal mesothoracic disc (wing, notal, and pleural parts), in the larval stage of Drosophila. |
| aerial part | Existing or growing in the air rather than in the ground or in water. |
| empyema fluid | The presence of pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural cavity. |
| fm3a cell | Mouse mammary carcinoma cell line. |
| culture condition:antigen-presenting cell | An antigen-presenting cell is a cell that displays foreign antigen complex with major histocompatibility complex on its surface. |
| plant collar | The neck or line of junction between the root of a plant and its stem. |
| trunk kidney | The kidney of the channel catfish is completely separated into the head and trunk kidneys. The head kidney is involved in endocrine and hemopoietic functions and the trunk kidney functions primarily as part of the excretory system. |
| scc-4 cell | Human squamous cell carcinoma cell line; established from the squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue from a 55-year-old man after radio- and chemotherapy in 1980. |
| synovial tissue | Synovial tissue can be found in tendons (tissues that connect muscle to bone), bursae (fluid-filled, cushioning sacs found in spaces between tendons, ligaments, and bones), and the cavity (hollow enclosed area) that separates the bones of a freely movable joint, such as the knee or elbow. |
| gut mucosa | |
| intestinal juice | A fluid that is secreted in small quantity in the small intestine, is highly variable in constitution, and contains especially various enzymes (as erepsin, lipase, lactase, enterokinase, and amylase) and mucus. |
| arterial endothelium | |
| ha22t/vgh cell | The HA22T/VGH cell line was established from a surgical specimen of hepatocellular carcinoma obtained from a 56-year-old Chinese male. |
| pineal gland | A small, cone-shaped organ in the brain of most vertebrates that secretes the hormone melatonin. |
| papillary thyroid cancer cell line | |
| mucous cell | A cell secreting mucus, e.g. a goblet cell. |
| acute megakaryoblastic leukemia cell | Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is a form of leukemia where a majority of the blasts are megakaryoblastic. |
| h-10 cell | Immortalized neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. |
| brl-3a cell | Rat liver cell line. Established from the buffalo strain of rattus norvegicus. |
| mesenteric lymph node | Nodes that lie at the root of the mesentery, receiving lymph from parts of the small intestine, cecum, appendix, and large intestine; they comprise three groups: the juxtaintestinal, central superior, and inferior mesenteric lymph nodes. |
| glhr-15 cell | Immortalized cell line of primary granulosa cells, isolated from 25-day-old immature rats and transfected with SV40 DNA, Ha-ras, and LH/CG receptor expression plasmid. |
| null cell | A null cell is a large granular lymphocyte without surface markers or membrane-associated proteins from B lymphocytes or T lymphocytes. Members of null cells are natural killer cells, antigen dependent cytotoxic cells and the lymphokine activated killer cells. |
| um-uc-3 cell | Human bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell line. |
| meg-01 cell | Human chronic myeloid leukemia in megakaryocytic blast crisis established from the bone marrow of a 55-year-old man with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in megakaryocytic blast crisis in 1983. |
| wrl-68 cell | Hela cells containing human papilloma viral (HPV) DNA sequences. |
| anal fin | The unpaired fin located on the ventral side of the body of a fish, posterior to the anus. It plays an important role in the swimming movements of sharks and bony fish. |
| cem cell | CEM is a camptothecin (CPT) resistant derivative of the human T cell leukemia cell line CCRF-CEM. The cell line was selected and subcloned in 1991 for resistance to CPT. Established from an 4-year-old caucasian female. |
| molm-13 cell | Human acute myeloid leukemia cell line; established from the peripheral blood of a 20-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia AML FAB M5a at relapse in 1995 after initial myelodysplastic syndromes. |
| tympanum | The major portion of the middle ear (auris media), consisting of a narrow air-filled cavity in the temporal bone that contains the auditory ossicles. It communicates with the mastoid air cells and the mastoid antrum via the aditus and with the nasopharynx via the auditory tube. The middle ear and the tympanic cavity were formerly regarded as being synonymous. |
| ut-scc-24a cell | Oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line. |
| hca-f cell | Murine hepatocarcinoma cell line. |
| lateral tuberal nucleus | Nerve cell nuclei situated ventrally in the intermediate hypothalamic region, mainly in the lateral hypothalamic area. |
| perisympathetic organ | In the perisympathetic organs of insects there is a neurohemal structure acting as neurohormonal release sites. |
| rm-1 cell | Mouse prostate cancer cell line. |
| extensor digitorum communis | A muscle on the back of the forearm that extends the fingers and wrist. |
| silk gland | Any of the glands in silk-spinning insects and spiders that secrete a protein liquid that hardens into silk on exposure to air. |
| sk-mel-2 cell | Human melanoma cell line. |
| hepa-1 cell | Murine hepatoma cell line. The Hepa-1 cell line was originally derived from a transplantable tumor carried in C57 leaden/J mice. |
| reticulate body | The noninfectious intracellular form of Chlamydia, consisting of fibrillar nuclear material and more ribosomes that occur in elementary bodies, surrounded by a thin trilaminar wall. Reticulate bodies reproduce within vacuoles in the host cell; following the reproductive cycle, reticulate bodies condense into elementary bodies, which are released from the cell. |
| oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell | |
| rbl-2h3 cell | Rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cell line, obtained by Eccleston et al. and was maintained by serial passage in neonatal Wistar rats. Four cell lines (named RBL I-IV) were started from this tumor between 1973 and 1975. The subline RBL-IV HR+ was derived from RBL-IV, further subcloning established the cell line RBL-2H3. Cells are described to release histamine as an IgE-mediated reaction. |
| metacestode | The larval (metacestode) stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. |
| polymorphonuclear neutrophil | The usual type of mature neutrophil, which has a multilobar nucleus. |
| splenial gyrus | The band of cortex on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere that passes around the splenium of the corpus callosum, narrowing anteriorly and finally blending with the indusium griseum. |
| hinge joint | A joint that allows motion around an axis. |
| iliac artery endothelial cell line | |
| ovtoko cell | Human ovarian carcinoma cell line from clear cell adenocarcinoma. |
| mucosal melanoma cell | Mucosal melanoma is a rare cutaneous condition characterized by a melanoma of the mucous membranes. |
| barrett's esophagus | Metaplasia of the lower esophagus that is characterized by replacement of squamous epithelium with columnar epithelium, occurs especially as a result of chronic gastroesophageal reflux, and is associated with an increased risk for esophageal carcinoma. |
| u-251 mg cell | Human glioma cell line. Morphology: glial; Species: human; Tumor: glioma. |
| cn1.4 cell | Immortilized embryonic mouse neuronal brain cortex cell line. |
| khos/np (r-970-5) cell | Human osteosarcoma cell line; derived from HOS by transformation using Kirsten murine sarcoma virus. |
| superficial temporal artery | In human anatomy, the superficial temporal artery is a major artery of the head. It arises from the external carotid artery when it bifurcates into the superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery. |
| root quiescent center | The region in the apical meristem of a root where little or no cell division occurs. The cells in the quiescent centre are capable of assuming meristematic activity if the initials in the meristem are damaged, and thus act as a reservoir of potential initials, protected from damage by their relative inactivity. The quiescent centre may also be a site of auxin synthesis. |
| j-82 cell | Human bladder tumor (transitional cell carcinoma) cell line. |
| rl95-2 cell | Human endometrial cell line, derived from a Grade 2 moderately differentiated adenosquamous carcinoma of the endometrium. |
| mitral cell | Mitral cells are the principal relay neurons in the olfactory bulb. At the stages 54-56 the main bulb has approximately 1300 of them. Most of them are located in the dorsal part of the bulb. Its dorsal half contains approximately twice as many mitral cells than the ventral half. The external plexiform layer in front of the mitral cell layer can be identified in the dorsal bulb only, while in the ventral bulb the mitral cells are typically located close to and sometimes within the glomerular layer. |
| lateral posterior nucleus | A narrow strip of cell groups on the dorsomedial surface of the thalamus. It includes the lateral dorsal nucleus, lateral posterior nucleus, and the PULVINAR. |
| bronchoalveolar system | System pertaining to a bronchus and alveoli. |
| cho-em9 cell | This line is a derivative of the CHO-K1 cell line. EM9 is a repair deficient mutant derived from AA8. |
| microsporidian | Any protozoan of the order Microsporida. |
| fundic mucosa | |
| wil-2 cell | Lymphoblastoid B-cell line. |
| tf-1 cell | Human bone marrow erythroleukemia cell line. The TF-1 cell line has been established in October 1987 from a heparinized bone marrow aspiration sample from a 35 year old Japanese male with severe pancytopenia. |
| pt-k1 cell | Marsupial - potoroo, kidney cell line. |
| anaplastic large cell lymphoma cell line | An aggressive (rapidly progressing) type of non-Hodgkins lymphoma that is usually of the T-cell type. The cancer cells express a marker called CD30 or Ki-1 on the surface, and may appear in the lymph nodes, skin, bones, soft tissues, lungs, or liver. |
| carotid sinus nerve | Carotid branch of glossopharyngeal nerve. |
| bone marrow stromal cell | |
| oligodendroglioma cell | A rare, slow-growing tumor cell that begins in the oligodendrocytes (brain cells that provide support and nourishment for nerve cells). |
| caov-3 cell | Human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line, established from a 54-year-old caucasian female. |
| oecm-1 cell | Human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line; excised from a Taiwanese patient and cultured into a cell line. |
| flag leaf | The final leaf to emerge in a cereal plant. |
| glial cell | As glia they build the delicate network of branched cells and fibers that supports the tissue of the central nervous system. |
| j774.2 cell | Mouse, BALB/c, blood, not defined tumor cell line. Recloned from J774.1 original ascites and solid tumour. Produces IL-1. |
| large cell carcinoma cell | A group of lung cancers in which the cells are large and look abnormal. |
| thyroid follicle | Discrete, cystlike units of the thyroid gland that are lined with cuboidal epithelium and are filled with a colloid substance, about 30 to each lobule. |
| sk-n-lo cell | Ewing's sarcoma family tumor cell line. |
| ventriculus | 1. A hollow digestive organ, especially the stomach of certain insects or the gizzard of a bird. 2. The digestive cavity in the body of a sponge. |
| hyperpallium densocellulare | |
| adult t-cell lymphoma cell line | |
| plant | Any of a kingdom (Plantae) of living things typically lacking locomotive movement or obvious nervous or sensory organs and possessing cellulose cell walls. |
| nerve sheath cancer cell | A nerve sheath tumor is a type of tumor of the nervous system which is made up primarily of the myelin surrounding nerves. |
| km-3 cell | Human pre-B lymphocytic leukemia cell line. |
| colonic epithelium | |
| antral mucosa | Pyloric gland mucosa of the stomach. |
| hey cell | Human ovarian carcinoma cell line. |
| pulmonary venous myocardium | The pulmonary venous myocardium represents the extension of atrial myocardium into the vascular wall of the pulmonary vein. |
| hyperpallium | Birds have a unique pallial structure known as the hyperpallium, once called the hyperstriatum. |
| mb-02 cell | Acute myeloid leukemia cell line. |
| preadipocyte cell line | |
| ovarian cumulus cell | The somatic granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte are termed cumulus cells. |
| gastric cancer cell line | |
| implantation fossa | At the base of the head is a ball-and-socket articulation which serves to attach the neck and the rest of the spermatozoon to the head. |
| l-02 cell | Human liver cell line. |
| blood | 1: The fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins of a vertebrate animal carrying nourishment and oxygen to and bringing away waste products from all parts of the body. 2: A comparable fluid of an invertebrate. |
| perichondrium | A dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue that closely wraps (invests) all cartilage, except the cartilage in joints which is covered by a synovial membrane. |
| olfactory lobe | An anterior projection of each cerebral hemisphere that is continuous anteriorly with the olfactory nerve; A term applied to the olfactory apparatus on the lower surface of the frontal lobe of the brain. It consists of the olfactory bulb, tract, and trigone. |
| a2780/s cell | Anthracycline-sensitive human ovarian carcinoma cell line. |
| proximale tubular epithelium cell line | |
| slow muscle | The darker-colored muscle tissue of some mammals, composed of slow twitch muscle fibers. |
| gamg cell | Human glioblastoma cell line. |
| dermal dendritic cell | A key cell type of the resident skin immune system is the dendritic cell, which in normal skin is located in two distinct microanatomical compartments: Langerhans cells (LC) mainly in the epidermis and dermal dendritic cells (DDC) in the dermis. |
| k-562r cell | Imatinib resistant subline of K562. |
| os-rc-2 cell | Human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell line. |
| molaris | A tooth with a rounded or flattened surface adapted for grinding; specifically: one of the cheek teeth in mammals behind the incisors and canines. |
| colleterial gland | A gland in female insects that secretes a cement by which the eggs are glued together or attached to an external object. |
| lacteal cyst | A cyst of the breast due to obstruction of a lactiferous duct. |
| frtl-5 cell | Rat thyroid gland cell line, derived from FRTL cell line. |
| germ layer | A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. |
| rd cell | Human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line. |
| polymorphonuclear leukocyte | Any fully developed granular leukocyte whose nucleus contains multiple lobes joined by filamentous connections, especially a neutrophil. |
| leaf base | The youngest tissue at the base of the leaf. |
| shp-77 cell | Small cell lung cancer cell line; established in 1977; derived from a non-encapsulated primary lung tumor from the apical portion of the upper lobe of the left lung. This cell line is an unusual undifferentiated large cell variant of small cell lung carcinoma. |
| posterior periventricular nucleus | A nucleus of nerve cells in the intermediate hypothalamic area, lying in the posterior part of the third ventricle. |
| kat-18 cell | Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell line. |
| don cell | Lung cell line, established from a 8-months-old male of Cricetulus griseus (hamster, Chinese). |
| egg | The hard-shelled reproductive body produced by a bird and especially by the common domestic chicken; also: its contents used as food. |
| nef cell | NEF cells are NIH 3T3 fibroblasts devoid of endogenous EGF-R, transfected with the human EGF-R cDNA. |
| ventral globus pallidus | |
| follicular lymphoma cell | |
| melanophore | A pigment cell that contains melanin, especially as found in the skin of amphibians and reptiles. |
| urine | Waste material that is secreted by the kidney in vertebrates, is rich in end products of protein metabolism together with salts and pigments, and forms a clear amber and usually slightly acid fluid in mammals but is semisolid in birds and reptiles. |
| mucosa | A membrane lining all body passages that communicate with the air, such as the respiratory and alimentary tracts, and having cells and associated glands that secrete mucus. |
| respiratory bronchiole | The final branch of a bronchiole, communicating directly with the alveolar ducts, a subdivision of a terminal bronchiole, it has alveolar outcroppings and itself divides into several alveolar ducts. |
| hek-293t cell | A highly transformed human renal epithelial line expressing two viral oncogenes, adenovirus E1a and SV40 large T antigen. |
| kmch cell | Human cholangiocarcinoma cell line. |
| epicotyl | Portion of the shoot of an angiosperm embryo or seedling above the cotyledons. |
| hamstring muscle | Any of three muscles at the back of the thigh that function to flex and rotate the leg and extend the thigh. |
| phellogen | Meristematic tissue in plants, giving rise to cork (phellem) and phelloderm cells. |
| h4-ii-e-c3 cell | Rat hepatoma cell line. |
| style | A filiform prolongation of a plant ovary bearing a stigma at its apex. |
| iliac artery endothelial cell | |
| lapc4 cell | Androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell line. |
| umbilical artery | Either of a pair of arteries that arise from the hypogastric arteries of the mammalian fetus and pass through the umbilical cord to the placenta to which they carry the deoxygenated blood from the fetus. |
| gall bladder cell line | |
| epididymis | A system of ductules emerging posteriorly from the testis that holds sperm during maturation and that forms a tangled mass before uniting into a single coiled duct which is continuous with the vas deferens. |
| epiblast | The upper layer of the bilaminar embryonic disc present during the second week of a blastula that gives rise to the ectoderm after gastrulation. |
| hl-60 cell | Human acute myeloid leukemia established from the peripheral blood of a 35-year-old woman with acute myeloid leukemia (AML FAB M2) in 1976. |
| cerebral cortical neuron | One of the nerve cells that make up the cortex of the brain. |
| el-4 cell | Mouse T-lymphocyte lymphoma cell line, established from a lymphoma induced in a C57BL mouse by 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene. |
| sts-26t cell | Human malignant schwannoma cell line. |
| enterochromaffin-like cell | Enterochromaffin-like cells or ECL cells are a type of neuroendocrine cells found in the gastric glands of the gastric mucosa beneath the epithelium, particularly in the vicinity of parietal cells. They are also considered a type of enteroendocrine cell. |
| pulmonary vein | A vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. |
| khos cell | Human osteosarcoma cell line. |
| gingival fluid | Fluid containing plasma proteins, which is present in increasing amounts in association with gingival inflammation. |
| te-8 cell | Human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line. |
| blood clot | A semisolid gelatinous mass of coagulated blood that consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets entrapped in a fibrin network. |
| submandibular gland duct | The duct of the submandibular salivary gland; it opens at the sublingual papilla near the frenulum of the tongue. |
| aml-12 cell | Murine non-transformed normal liver cell line. |
| retinal pigment epithelium | The pigment cell layer that nourishes the retinal cells, located just outside the retina and attached to the choroid. |
| floral primordium | Immediately next to the growing inflorescence tip is the floral primordium, which is a bump of cells representing the very youngest stage of a flower. |
| oral epithelium | The epithelial covering of the oral mucosa. Composed of stratified squamous epithelium of varying thickness and varying degrees of keratinization. |
| mdbk cell | The MDBK cell line was derived from a kidney of an apparently normal adult steer, February 18, 1957, by S.H. Madin and N.B. Darby. |
| foot | 1: The terminal part of the vertebrate leg upon which an individual stands. 2: An invertebrate organ of locomotion or attachment; especially: a ventral muscular surface or process of a mollusk. |
| liver bud | A diverticulum from the foregut that gives rise to the liver and its ducts. |
| cytotrophoblastic cell | Polygonal, mononucleate cells resembling the cells of the cytotrophoblast, having prominent nucleoli and clear, eosinophilic or cyanophilous cytoplasm; one of the two cell types that compose a choriocarcinoma. |
| uterine luminal fluid | At the time of oestrus the rat uterus accumulates intraluminal fluid. This fluid engorgement occurs in many species, especially in rodents. The fluid is secreted by the endometrium and oviduct and is retained in the uterus by the high degree of muscle tone at the cervix and uterotubal junction. |
| ca9-22 cell | Human gingival carcinoma cell line. |
| mono-mac-1 cell | Human acute monocytic leukemia cell line; established from the peripheral blood of a 64-year-old man with relapsed acute monocytic leukemia (AML FAB M5) in 1985 following myeloid metaplasia. Simultaneous sister cell line of MONO-MAC-6. |
| carcinosarcoma cell | A cell of a malignant tumor that is a mixture of carcinoma (cancer of epithelial tissue, which is skin and tissue that lines or covers the internal organs) and sarcoma (cancer of connective tissue, such as bone, cartilage, and fat). |
| striate cortex | The term visual cortex refers to the primary visual cortex and extrastriate visual cortical areas such as V2, V3, V4, and V5. The primary visual cortex is anatomically equivalent to Brodmann area 17, or BA17. There is a visual cortex for each hemisphere of the brain. The left hemisphere visual cortex receives signals from the right visual field and the right visual cortex from the left visual field. |
| hek-ad293 cell | A derivative of the commonly used HEK293 cell line, with improved cell adherence and plaque formation properties from Stratagene. |
| zr-75 cell | Human non-invasive mammary gland breast cancer cell line. |
| bone marrow | The soft, fatty, vascular tissue that fills most bone cavities and is the source of red blood cells and many white blood cells. |
| pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell | |
| vibrissa | 1. One of the specialized or tactile hairs which grow about the nostrils, or on other parts of the face, in many animals, as the so-called whiskers of the cat, and the hairs of the nostrils of man. 2. The bristlelike feathers near the mouth of many birds. |
| hcmec/d3 cell | Human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line. |
| thyroid cancer cell | Cancer cell of the thyroid gland. |
| cro-ap/5 cell | PEL cell line carrying the Epstain-Barr virus (EBV) infection. |
| ependymoma cell | A neoplasm composed of differentiated ependymal cells; most ependymomas are slow growing and benign, but malignant varieties occur. |
| lewis lung carcinoma cell | A cell of a carcinoma discovered by dr. Margaret r. Lewis of the wistar institute in 1951. This tumour originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a c57bl mouse. The tumour does not appear to be grossly haemorrhagic and the majority of the tumour tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. It is also called 3ll and llc and is used as a transplantable malignancy. |
| corpus luteum | A yellowish mass of progesterone-secreting endocrine tissue that forms immediately after ovulation from the ruptured graafian follicle in the mammalian ovary. |
| myeloid dendritic cell | The most common division of dendritic cells is myeloid versus plasmacytoid. The myeloid dendritic cells are developed from myeloid precursors and are most similar to monocytes. They are made up of at least two subsets: 1. the more common mDC-1, which is a major stimulator of T cells and 2. the extremely rare mDC-2, which may have a function in fighting wound infection. They secrete IL-12. |
| wpmy-1 cell | Myofibroblast stromal cell line; derived from stromal cells from the same peripheral zone of the histologically normal adult prostate, as that used for epithelial RWPE-1 cells. Stromal cells were immortalized with SV40-large-T antigen gene, using a pRSTV plasmid construct. |
| leukemia cell | A cancer cell of the white blood cells. Leukaemias are grouped by how quickly the disease develops (acute or chronic) as well as by the type of blood cell that is affected. |
| exocarp | The outermost layer of the pericarp of a fruit. The skin or rind of a fruit. |
| anterior cardinal vein | Any of the major drainage channels from the cephalic region of most vertebrate embryos. |
| regio orbitalis | The region about the orbit. |
| nb-4 cell | Human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line; established from the bone marrow of a 23-year-old woman with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL = AML FAB M3) in second relapse in 1989. |
| notochord | 1: A flexible rodlike structure that forms the main support of the body in the lowest chordates, such as the lancelet; a primitive backbone. 2: A similar structure in embryos of higher vertebrates, from which the spinal column develops. |
| pulmonary artery | An artery that conveys venous blood from the heart to the lungs. |
| gastrointestinal tract | The gastrointestinal tract includes both stomach and intestine. |
| mm1-s cell | Human B lymphoblast multiple myeloma cell line. |
| liver epithelial cell line | |
| interstitial cell of cajal | Pleomorphic cells having an oval nucleus and long, branching cytoplasmic processes that interlace with processes of adjacent cells, interspersed between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the gastrointestinal tract and in the smooth muscle of the esophagus; they are thought to act as pacemakers. |
| callus | Undifferentiated tissue that develops on or around an injured or cut plant surface or in tissue culture. |
| bon-1 cell | Human pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cell line. |
| corneal fibroblast cell line | |
| sk-mel-3 cell | Human melanoma established from the lymph node metastasis of a malignant melanoma from a 42-year-old Caucasian woman. |
| ca-77 cell | Rat medullary thyroid carcinoma cell line. |
| c 108 cell | Mouse, C57BL/6,Lewis lung carcinoma cell line. |
| sieve cell | The phloem conducting cell in nonangiosperms; they are long and tapered with small sieve areas over much of their surfaces. |
| rgc-5 cell | Murine retinal ganglion cell line. |
| hsc-1 cell | Human cutaneous squamous carcinoma cell line. |
| parasympathetic nervous system | One of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous sytem. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre-ganglionic fibres from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus, and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example, salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia. |
| 624 cell | Human melanoma cell line. |
| retinoblastoma cell line | |
| ventral intermediate nucleus of thalamus | A nucleus medially located within the ventral nuclei of the thalamus. |
| myocardium | The middle and thickest layer of the heart wall, composed of cardiac muscle. |
| imr-32 cell | Human neuroblastoma, established from an abdominal mass (diagnosed as neuroblastoma) of a 1-year-old caucasian boy in 1967. |
| embryogenic cell line | |
| zona fasciculata | The middle of the three layers of the adrenal cortex that consists of radially arranged columnar epithelial cells. |
| bc-1 cell | PEL cell line carrying the Epstain-Barr virus (EBV) infection. |
| huh-7 cell | Human hepatoma cell line. |
| oviduct epithelium | There are two types of cells within the simple columnar epithelium of the Fallopian tube. Ciliated cells predominate throughout the tube, but are most numerous in the infundibulum and ampulla. Interspersed between the ciliated cells are peg cells, which contain apical granules and produce the tubular fluid. This fluid contains nutrients for spermatozoa, oocytes and zygotes. |
| fiber | An elongated tapering thick-walled plant cell void at maturity that imparts elasticity, flexibility, and tensile strength. |
| cardiac purkinje cell | Cells of the Purkinje fibers of the heart; they are large, clear, tightly packed cells with many gap junctions between them and thus conduct impulses rapidly. |
| respiratory epithelium cell | |
| nasal nerve | A branch of the ophthalmic nerve distributed in part to the ciliary ganglion and in part to the mucous membrane and skin of the nose. |
| hmv-ii cell | Human vaginal malignant melanoma cell line. |
| papillary duct | The terminal portions of the medullary collecting ducts are the papillary ducts, which end at the renal papilla and empty into a minor calyx. |
| bcp-1 cell | EBV negative PEL cell line. |
| myotome | The portion of an embryonic somite from which skeletal musculature is produced. |
| laryngeal cartilage | The nine cartilages of the larynx, including the cricoid, thyroid and epiglottic, and two each of arytenoid, corniculate and cuneiform. |
| c-33a cell | Cervical cancer cell line. |
| wtk-1 cell | Human lymphoblastoid cell line. |
| aortic endothelial cell line | |
| eosinophil | A white blood cell or other granulocyte with cytoplasmic inclusions readily stained by eosin. |
| sum-229 cell | Human breast cancer cell line. |
| bone marrow cell | The soft, fatty, vascular tissue that fills most bone cavities and is the source of red blood cells and many white blood cells. |
| stellate cell | Any cell having a star-shaped appearance produced by numerous processes that extend in different directions, such as the Kupffer cells in the liver, astrocytes, and granule cells in the granular layers of the cerebral and cerebellar cortices. |
| novikoff ascites tumor cell | |
| pup | One of the young of various animals; as a seal or rat or a dog. |
| nidopallium | The nidopallium, meaning nested pallium, is the region of the avian brain that is used mostly for some types of executive functions but also other higher cognitive tasks. The region was renamed to nidopallium in 2002 during the Avian Brain Nomenclature Consortium because the prior name suggested that the region was used for more primitive functions. |
| peripheral blood | Blood circulating throughout the body. |
| an3ca cell | Endometrial carcinoma cell line. |
| embryonic blood | |
| sw-1417 cell | Human colon; colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line. Morphology: epithelial. |
| chondroclast | A giant cell of the class that is believed associated with the absorption of cartilage. |
| epidermal cell | Cell of epidermis in animals. |
| columnar cell | An elongated epithelial cell. |
| csm14.1 cell | Immortalized rat neuronal cell line. |
| endometrioid carcinoma cell | Ovarian carcinoma cell which resembles typical carcinoma of the endometrium and may be seen with a synchronous endometrial carcinoma. When they appear together, both tend to be of low stage. |
| salivary duct | An intralobular duct found in salivary glands and involved in the production and transport of their secretions. |
| visceral endoderm | Visceral endoderm, a population of extraembyonic endoderm, is an extraembryonic tissue that functions in a regulatory capacity but does not contribute directly to the formation of any adult organs. |
| renal distal tubule | A distal, convoluted part of the ascending limb of the renal tubule, extending from the distal straight tubule to the junctional (connecting) tubule. |
| 4t1 cell | Mouse breast adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| visceral muscle | Muscle fibers associated chiefly with the hollow viscera and largely of splanchnic mesodermal origin; except for the striated fibers in the wall of the heart, they are smooth muscle fibers bound together by reticular fibers. |
| hut-78 cell | Human, peripheral blood, cutaneous, T cell lymphoma cell line. |
| endothelioma cell | A tumor developing from endothelial tissue. |
| annulus fibrosus | A ring of fibrous or fibrocartilaginous tissue (as of an intervertebral disk or surrounding an orifice of the heart). |
| hei-193 cell | Human schwannoma cell line. |
| vascular endothelial cell line | |
| macl-1 cell | Cell line established from human primary breast cancer based on differential centrifugation, followed by growth in culture for over 70 passages. |
| kln205 cell | Mus musculus (mouse);lung; squamous cell carcinoma cell line. |
| excretory canal | The H-shaped excretory cell is the largest cell in Caenorabditis elegans. |
| male reproductive system | The internal and external reproductive organs in the male. |
| ink sac | With the exception of nocturnal and very deep water cephalopods, all coeloids which dwell in light conditions have an ink sac, which can be used to expel a cloud of dark ink to confuse predators. This sac is a muscular bag which originated as an extension of the hind gut. It lies beneath the gut and opens into the anus, into which its contents - almost pure melanin - can be squirted. |
| epithelioma cell | A neoplasm cell of epithelial origin, ranging from benign (adenoma and papilloma) to malignant (carcinoma). |
| pam212 cell | 1. Murine cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell line. 2. Murine keratinocyte cell line. |
| epithelial cell line | |
| endothelial cell line | |
| oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line | |
| nci-h716 cell | A cell line derived from a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the caecum. |
| friend erythroleukemia cell line | |
| urinary bladder cancer cell line | |
| molt-17 cell | Human T cell leukemia cell line; established from the peripheral blood of a 5-year-old girl with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) at relapse in 1984. |
| sk-n-mc cell | Human neuroblastoma cell line; established from the supraorbital metastasis of a neuroblastoma of a 14-year-old girl in 1971; although described in the original paper as neuroblastoma, SK-N-MC is now widely regarded as having originated from the morphologically similar Askin's tumor related to Ewing's sarcoma. |
| gastric ulcer | A peptic ulcer of the gastric mucosa. |
| t/g ha-vsmc cell | Human Caucasian aorta, normal smooth muscle cell line; established from the normal aorta of an 11 month old child. |
| biliary epithelial cell | |
| infected cell | |
| venous endothelial cell | |
| nephrotome | The modified part of a somite of a vertebrate embryo that develops into a segmental excretory tubule of the primitive kidney. |
| secretory trichome | Trichome that secretes a substance. |
| thyroid gland | A two-lobed endocrine gland found in all vertebrates, located in front of and on either side of the trachea in humans, and producing various hormones, such as triiodothyronine and calcitonin. |
| lh-86 cell | Human hepatoma cell line; established from a well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma tissue. |
| hek-293 tet-on 3g cell | HEK 293 Tet-On 3G is a transformed human embryonic kidney-derived cell line that expresses the tetracycline (Tet)- regulated transactivator Tet-On 3G. |
| iris sphincter muscle | Circular fibers of the iris, innervated by the ciliary nerves (parasympathetic), and acting to contract the pupil. |
| plhc-1 cell | Poeciliopsis lucida hepatoma cell line, a fish cell line. |
| namalwa cell | Human Burkitt lymphoma cell line; established from the tumor mass of an African child with Burkitt lymphoma in 1967. |
| tooth bud | A knoblike tooth primordium developing into an enamel organ surrounded by a dental sac and encasing the dental papilla. |
| enrichment culture | An enrichment culture is a medium with specific and known qualities that favors the growth of a particular microorganism. The enrichment cultures environment will support the growth of a selected microorganism, while inhibiting the growth of others. |
| skin carcinoma cell line | |
| bt-549 cell | Human breast ductal carcinoma cell line. The BT-549 line was isolated in 1978 by W.G. Coutinho and E.Y. Lasfargues. Source tissue consisted of a papillary, invasive ductal tumor which had metastasized to 3 of 7 regional lymph nodes. |
| krebs ascites cell | |
| adams apple | This familiar feature in front of the neck is due to forward protrusion of the largest cartilage of the larynx. It takes its name from the story that a piece of the forbidden fruit stuck in Adams throat. |
| large granular lymphocyte | A type of white blood cell that contains granules with enzymes that can kill tumor cells or microbial cells. |
| bronchiolar epithelium | |
| caki-1 cell | Human renal cancer cell line, established from a 49-years-old male. |
| caulonema | The secondary, bud-generating part of the filamentous moss protonema, typically reddish-brown, having few chloroplasts and consisting of long cells with oblique end walls. |
| needle | A needle-shaped leaf (as of a conifer). |
| c127i cell | Mouse mammary gland cell line. C127I cells are suitable hosts for transformation with bovine papilloma virus DNA plasmids. |
| urinary bladder | A membranous sac in many vertebrates that serves for the temporary retention of urine and discharges by the urethra. |
| plant culture | |
| prostomium | The first body segment in annelids worms. It is in front of (but does not include) the mouth, being usually a small shelf- or lip-like extension over the dorsal side of the mouth. It sometimes bears antennae and eyes. By feeding, it often functions like a kind of overlip. The shape and composition of prostomium are important for annelid systematics. |
| fao cell | Rat, liver, hepatoma, H-35 Reuber cell line. |
| perirhinal cortex | Perirhinal cortex is a cortical region in the medial temporal lobe that is made up of Brodmann areas 35 and 36. In rats, it is located along and dorsal to the rhinal sulcus. It receives highly-processed sensory information from all sensory regions, and is generally accepted to be an important region for memory. |
| plant funiculus | The stalk attaching an ovule to the ovary wall in a flower or fruit. |
| hbe-1 cell | Cultured human bronchial epithelial cell line. |
| pnt2-c2 cell | Normal human prostate epithelial cell line. |
| medial cuneiform bone | The medial and largest of the three wedge-shaped tarsal bones located medial to the cuboid and between the navicular and the first three metatarsal bones. |
| visceral mass | The visceral mass consists of the gonad, digestive gland, heart, and excretory organs. |
| lad-2 cell | Growth factor-dependent human mast cell line. |
| internal secretion | A hormone; a substance secreted by an organ or structure of the endocrine system. |
| nucleus recessus lateralis | The fish catecholamines originate in two large aggregations of neurons: the nucleus recessus lateralis (NRL) and the nucleus recessus posterioris (NRP). The nuclei were found in the hypothalamus of numerous species, e.g., the gold fish, eel, and roach. |
| hbl-100 cell | Human mammary gland breast carcinoma cell line, established from a 27 years old caucasian female. |
| retinal stem cell | Retinal progenitor cell. |
| adult liver stem cell | Hepatic progenitor cells can be isolated from fetal liver and extrahepatic tissues. |
| cerebellar cortex | The superficial gray matter of the cerebellum. It consists of three layers, the stratum moleculare, stratum granulosum, and stratum purkinjense. |
| vomeronasal nerve | A nerve that exists in the human fetus but disappears before birth, that originates in the olfactory epithelial cells of Jacobson's organ, and that passes through the submucous tissue of the nasal septum and the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone to the olfactory bulb. |
| lung cancer cell | Cancer cell of the major organ of respiration the lung. |
| l3.6pl cell | Human pancreatic cancer cell line. |
| preputial gland | Any of the small glands at the base of the glans penis that secrete smegma. |
| genital primordium | |
| dt-40 3ko cell | |
| toe | 1. Any of the five digits of the foot. 2. The anterior part of a horse's hoof. |
| sk-mel-28 cell | Human skin melanoma cell line; established from a 51-years old human male. |
| meningioma cell line | |
| elementary body | The infectious form of chlamydiaceae. Infection occurs when the small, rigid-walled extracellular form (elementary body) enters the cell and changes into a larger, thin-walled form (initial body) that divides by fission. The daughter cells thus formed reorganize and condense to become elementary bodies that then infect other cells. The organisms are parasites of humans and other vertebrates, capable of producing a variety of diseases. They have also been found in arthropods. The family contains the genus Chlamydia. |
| claustrum | The one of the four basal ganglia in each cerebral hemisphere that consists of a thin lamina of gray matter between the lentiform nucleus and the insula. |
| cerebral gray matter | Brownish-gray nerve tissue, especially of the brain and spinal cord, composed of nerve cell bodies and their dendrites and some supportive tissue. |
| phagocyte | A cell, as a white blood cell, that engulfs and consumes foreign material, as microorganisms, and debris. |
| stratum granulosum cerebelli | The deepest of the three layers of the cortex; it contains large numbers of granule cells, the dendrites of which synapse with incoming mossy fibres in cerebellar glomeruli. |
| hbl-8 cell | Human Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, negative for Epstein-Barr virus genome. |
| melanoblast | A precursor cell of a melanocyte or melanophore. |
| mesoderm | Middle of the three germ layers, gives rise to the musculoskeletal, blood, vascular and urinogenital systems, to connective tissue (including that of dermis) and contributes to some glands. |
| juice | The extractable fluid contents of cells or tissues. |
| rh-18 cell | Human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line. |
| tracheobronchial epithelium | Epithelium pertaining to the trachea and bronchi. |
| j-774.1 cell | Mouse monocyte/macrophage cell line. |
| daphnid | Any water flea, especially those in the genus Daphnia. |
| sum-185 cell | Human breast cancer cell line. |
| salivary gland cell line | |
| parenchymal cell | Any cell that is a functional element of an organ, such as a hepatocyte. |
| clitoral smooth muscle | |
| seminiferous epithelium | Specialised epithelium lining the seminiferous tubules containing developing and mature spermatozoa and sertoli cells. |
| fat body | A fatty tissue especially of nearly mature insect larvae that serves as a food reserve. |
| retinal cone | The other light-sensitive cell type of the retina, that, unlike retinal rods, is differentially sensitive to particular wavelengths of light, and is important for colour vision. There are three types of cones, each type sensitive to red, green or blue. Present in large numbers in the fovea. |
| tapetum | A layer of nutritive cells that invests the sporogenous tissue in the sporangium of higher plants. |
| uw228-1 cell | Human medulloblastoma cell line. |
| ventricular zone | There are two primary regions that are thought to give rise to neurons that make up the cerebellum. The first region is the ventricular zone (the roof of the fourth ventricle). This area produces Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar nuclear neurons. |
| leukocyte | Any of the blood cells that are colorless, lack hemoglobin, contain a nucleus, and include the lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. |
| sclerenchyma | A protective or supporting tissue in higher plants composed of cells with walls thickened and often lignified. |
| subcutis | The deeper part of the dermis. |
| hindlimb | Either of two extremities of four-footed non-primate land animals. It usually consists of a femur, tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and toes. |
| bract | A small modified leaf in a flower cluster. |
| rectus femoris | A division of the quadriceps muscle lying in the anterior middle region of the thigh, arising from the ilium by two heads, inserted into the tuberosity of the tibia by a narrow flattened tendon, and acting to flex the thigh at the hip and with the rest of the quadriceps to extend the leg at the knee. |
| modiolus | The central pillar or columella of the cochlea. |
| fetal serum | |
| cancellous bone | Bone substance made up of thin intersecting lamellae, usually found internal to compact bone. |
| lip | Either of two fleshy folds that surround the mouth in humans and many other vertebrates and are the organs of human speech. |
| liver cancer cell | Malignant (cancer) cells are found in the tissues of the liver. |
| ib3-1 cell | Immortalized cell line created in 1992 from a primary culture of bronchial epithelial cells isolated from a patient with cystic fibrosis. |
| 95d cell | High metastatic human giant-cell lung carcinoma cell line. |
| retrocerebral complex | Corpora allata with Corpora cardiaca form the retrocerebral complex, a neurosecretory organ. |
| spermatocyte | A cell giving rise to sperm cells; especially: a cell that is derived from a spermatogonium and ultimately gives rise to four haploid spermatids. |
| sympathetic nervous system | One of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord, and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera, and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter. |
| y-1 cell | Mouse adrenal cortex tumor. Mouse, LAF1 male; Tissue: adrenal cortex; Tumor: adrenal tumor. |
| um-scc-22a cell | Human neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line. |
| ocellus | A small simple eye, found in many invertebrates, usually consisting of a few sensory cells and a single lens. |
| skeletal muscle | A usually voluntary muscle made up of elongated, multinucleated, transversely striated muscle fibers, having principally bony attachments. |
| ventral midbrain | |
| alveolar macrophage cell line | |
| mz-cha-1 cell | Human cholangiocarcinoma cell line. |
| pontine nucleus | The massive gray matter filling the basilar pons. The nuclei are of fairly homogeneous architecture and project to the cortex of the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere by way of the middle cerebellar peduncle. The pontine nuclei form a major way-station in the impulse conduction from the cerebral cortex of one hemisphere to the posterior lobe of the opposite cerebellum. |
| ileum | The last division of the small intestine extending between the jejunum and large intestine. |
| hela-229 cell | Human epitheloid cervix carcinoma cell line from a black female. |
| rosette leaf | One of multiple leaves borne in a rosette. |
| bile duct cell line | |
| kmbc cell | Human cholangiocarcinoma cell line. |
| ameloblastic layer | The inner layer of cells of the enamel organ, which forms the enamel prisms of the teeth. |
| ciliary muscle | One of the muscles that relax the zonules to enable the lens to change shape for focusing. The zonules are fibers that hold the lens suspended in position and enable it to change shape during accommodation. |
| longissimus | The intermediate division of the sacrospinalis muscle that consists of the longissimus capitis, longissimus cervicis, and longissimus thoracis :also: any of these three muscles. |
| common cardinal vein | Either of a pair of large transverse venous sinuses that conduct blood from the cardinal veins to the sinus venosus of the vertebrate embryo. |
| nprec cell | An immortalized primary normal human prostate epithelial cell line. |
| liver cell line | |
| u-1285dox cell | Doxorubicin-resistant cell line, U-1285dox, derived from human small cell carcinoma of the lung. |
| medial geniculate nucleus | The medial geniculate nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus that acts as a relay for auditory information. It receives its input from the inferior colliculus and sends information out to the auditory cortex. Nucleus within the medial geniculate body. |
| anal canal | The terminal portion of the alimentary canal, extending from the rectum to the anus. |
| ht-29/219 cell | Human colorectal tumor cell line. |
| mammary myoepithelium | |
| tuber | A short fleshy usually underground stem bearing minute scale leaves each of which bears a bud in its axil and is potentially able to produce a new plant. |
| hucct-1 cell | Human liver bile duct carcinoma cell line. |
| ln-319 cell | Anaplastic astrocytoma cell line. |
| bud | Any small part of the embryo or adult metazoon more or less resembling the bud of a plant and presumed to have potential for growth and differentiation. |
| middle ear | The cavity in the temporal bone comprising the cavitas tympani, adnexa mastoidea, and tuba auditiva. |
| prelimbic cortex | An area of frontal cortex of the rat, located on the medial wall. |
| lung squamous cell carcinoma cell line | |
| gastric corpus mucosa | |
| uterine cervix | A constricted portion of an organ or part; especially: the narrow outer end of the uterus. |
| a-204 cell | Human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line; established from a 1 year old female. |
| ina-6 cell | A human myeloma cell line established from patient with IgG-kappa plasma cell leukemia . |
| mucosal mast cell | Two types of mast cells are now recognised, those from connective tissue and a distinct set of mucosal mast cells, the activities of the latter are T-cell dependent. |
| ovise cell | Human ovarian carcinoma cell line from clear cell adenocarcinoma. |
| saphenous vein endothelial cell line | |
| trypanosomoid cell line | |
| set-2 cell | Acute myeloid leukemia cell line. Human essential thrombocythemia cell line; established from the peripheral blood of a 71-year-old woman with essential thrombocythemia at megakaryoblastic leukemic transformation. |
| mdck cell | The MDCK cell line was derived from a kidney of an apparently normal adult female cocker spaniel, September, 1958, by S.H. Madin and N.B. Darby. The cells are positive for keratin by immunoperoxidase staining. MDCK cells have been used to study processing of beta amyloid precursor protein and sorting of its proteolytic products. |
| tailbud stage | The embryonic stage when neurulation is completed and tail formation begins, visible by an emerging tail primordium. |
| anterior olfactory lobule | |
| hgc-27 cell | This human gastric carcinoma cell line was established by culture of the metastatic lymph node from a gastric cancer patient diagnosed histological as undifferentiated carcinoma. |
| hcc-2998 cell | HCC2998 is a highly differentiated human colon carcinoma cell line. |
| gizzard smooth muscle | |
| bone marrow stromal cell line | |
| k-1034 rpe cell | Human retinal pigment epithelial cell line. |
| mpkccdc14 cell | Kidney cortical collecting duct cell line. |
| turion | A thick fleshy young shoot or sucker, such as an emerging stem of asparagus. |
| pituitary gland tumor cell line | |
| ll24 cell | Human diploid lung fibroblast cell line, derived from normal tissue taken at post-mortem from the lung of a 5 year old male. |
| mono-mac-6 cell | Human acute monocytic leukemia cell line; established from the peripheral blood of a 64-year-old man with relapsed acute monocytic leukemia (AML FAB M5) in 1985 following myeloid metaplasia. Sister cell line of MONO-MAC-1. |
| neuroepithelial cell | |
| adipocyte cell line | |
| lung cell line | |
| pharyngeal pad | The covering of the pharyngeal process against which the pharyngeal teeth grind food. |
| lymph node | Any of the rounded masses of lymphoid tissue that are surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue, are distributed along the lymphatic vessels, and contain numerous lymphocytes which filter the flow of lymph. |
| anther | The male reproductive organ enclosing and containing the pollen grains. |
| sirc cell | Rabbit corneal fibroblast cell line. |
| chondrosarcoma cell | Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor derived from cartilage cells or their precursors, but lacking direct osteoid formation; it occurs predominantly in the pelvis, femur, and shoulder girdle in middle-aged to older adults. It may be primary, arising from cartilage cells, or secondary to a pre-existing benign lesion. |
| ovca-5 cell | Human ovary carcinoma cell line. |
| umbilical artery smooth muscle | |
| smooth muscle cell | Muscle tissue that lacks cross striations, that is made up of elongated spindle-shaped cells having a central nucleus, and that is found in vertebrate visceral structures (as the stomach and bladder) as thin sheets performing functions not subject to conscious control by the mind and in all or most of the musculature of invertebrates other than arthropods. |
| p-815 cell | Mouse mastocytoma, established from the mastocytoma tumor of a DBA/2 mouse treated with methylcolanthrene; used as target cells for cytotoxic T cell assays; as reported cells exhibit no effector activity in an antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxic system. |
| plant candle | The new vegetative growth of Pinus taeda plants in the center surrounded by young male cones. This young growth is called a candle and will expand into stem and needles. |
| small intestine | The part of the intestine that lies between the stomach and colon, consists of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, secretes digestive enzymes, and is the chief site of the absorption of digested nutrients. The proximal portion of the intestine. |
| breast | The fore or ventral part of the body between the neck and the abdomen. |
| skeletal system | The bodily system that consists of the bones, their associated cartilages, and the joints, and supports and protects the body, produces blood cells, and stores minerals. |
| lymphoblastic leukemia cell line | Lymphocytic leukemia cell line characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of lymphoblasts. |
| sarcoma cell line | |
| j558l cell | Mouse, BALB/c, blood, myeloma cell line. |
| stratum basale | The deepest layer, as of the epidermis or the endometrium. In the epidermis it is a single layer of cells. In the endometrium it provides the regenerative tissue after menstrual loss of the functional layer. |
| diagonal band | A band of nerve fibers that forms the caudal zone of the anterior perforated substance where it adjoins the optic tract, which is continuous caudolaterally with the periamygdaloid area and rostromedially passes above the optic chiasm to blend with the paraterminal gyrus. |
| non-hodgkin lymphoma cell line | |
| sw-480 cell | Human colon adenocarcinoma, established from the tumor of a 50-year-old Caucasian man with colon adenocarcinoma. |
| peripheral blood cell | Peripheral blood cells are the cellular components of blood, consisting of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, which are found within the circulating pool of blood and not sequestered within the lymphatic system, spleen, liver, or bone marrow. |
| coagulating gland | |
| sclera | The tough white outer coat of the eyeball, covering approximately the posterior five-sixths of its surface, and continuous anteriorly with the cornea and posteriorly with the external sheath of the optic nerve. |
| palatine tonsil | Palatine tonsils are the tonsils that can be seen on the left and right sides at the back of the throat. |
| luteoma cell | Luteinized granulosa-thecacell tumor, i.e., having cells resembling those of the corpus luteum. |
| oocyst | Zygote, specifically a sporozoan zygote undergoing sporogenous development. |
| byssus | A mass of strong, silky filaments by which certain bivalve mollusks, such as mussels, attach themselves to rocks and other fixed surfaces. |
| extensor | A muscle that, upon contraction, tends to straighten a limb. The antagonist of a flexor muscle. |
| myrosin cell | Cell containing glucosinolates (mustard oil glucosides) and myrosinases, enzymes hydrolyzing the glucosinolates. Occur in eleven dicotyledon families, the two largest of which are the Brassicaceae and Euphorbiaceae. |
| uke-1 cell | Acute myeloid leukemia cell line. |
| ray cell | A primary tissue composed of medullary ray: radiating bands of parenchyma cells extending between the vascular bundles of herbaceous dicotyledonous stems and connecting the pith with the cortex. |
| osseous plate | |
| submandibular ganglion | A parasympathetic ganglion located superior to the deep part of the submandibular gland, on the lateral surface of the hyoglossus muscle; its preganglionic fibers are derived from the facial nerve by way of the chorda tympani and lingual nerve, and its postganglionic fibers supply the submandibular and sublingual glands; sensory and postganglionic sympathetic fibers pass through the ganglion. |
| somite | A segmental mass of mesoderm in the vertebrate embryo, occurring in pairs along the notochord and developing into muscles and vertebrae. |
| non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma cell line | |
| nci-h69 cell | Human Caucasian lung small cell carcinoma cell line. |
| nasopharyngeal tonsil | The human palatine tonsils and the nasopharyngeal tonsil are lymphoepithelial tissues located in strategic areas of the oropharynx and nasopharynx. |
| iomm-lee cell | Malignant meningioma cell line. |
| rcsn-3 cell | RCSN-3 cells are a cloned cell line derived from the substantia nigra of an adult rat. |
| pacemaker cell | A group of cells or a body part (as the sinus node of the heart) that serves to establish and maintain a rhythmic activity. |
| bark | The tough exterior covering of a woody root or stem; specifically: the tissues outside the cambium that include an inner layer especially of secondary phloem and an outer layer of periderm. |
| arm | A human upper limb; especially: the part between the shoulder and the wrist. |
| bend3 cell | Brain capillary endothelial cell line. |
| eahy 926 cell | The EAhy 926 cell is a hybridoma line derived from human endothelium and A549/8 cells. They display stable endothelial characteristics and may provide an indication of how endothelial cells respond to photodynamic therapy. |
| hn-12 cell | Head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) cell line. |
| pancreatic acinar cell | Cells of the pancreas that secrete digestive enzymes, the archetypal secretory cell upon which much of the early work on the sequence of events in the secretory process was done. |
| mmdd1 cell | Mouse macula densa-derived cell line. |
| fibre tract | A bundle of nerve fibers (axons) having a common origin, termination, and function. |
| culture medium | A substance, either solid or liquid, used for the cultivation, isolation, identification, or storage of microorganisms. |
| leiomyosarcoma cell line | |
| capillary endothelium | The walls of capillaries are composed of only a single layer of cells, the endothelium. |
| endometrial spiral artery | In women, rats and mice, the endometrial vessels are coiled and known as spiral arteries. |
| synovial cell line | |
| histiocytic lymphoma cell | The most common aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It occurs in both diffuse and nodular form. The large cells may have cleaved and non-cleaved nuclei. |
| airway fluid | Airway fluid comprises a number of components including water, salts, enzymes, mucus glycoproteins and other proteins which in the correct proportions confer its protective characteristics. For example mucus comprises only 1% of the fluid but is essential to the viscoelastic properties necessary for mucociliary clearance. |
| acute myeloid leukemia cell | Adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease in which cancer (malignant) cells are found in the blood and bone marrow. More common in adults, the proliferating cells are of the myeloid hematopoietic series and the cells appearing in the blood are primitive granulocytes or monocytes. |
| ov-mz-6 cell | Human ovarian cancer cell line. |
| hippocampus | A curved elongated ridge that extends over the floor of the descending horn of each lateral ventricle of the brain and consists of gray matter covered on the ventricular surface with white matter; The hippocampus is a part of the temporal lobe, which has a well established role in learning, memory and emotion. |
| bronchial epithelial cell line | |
| bronchus | Either of the two primary divisions of the trachea that lead respectively into the right and the left lung. |
| mucous gland | A gland that secretes a slimy, chemically inert material. |
| squamous cell carcinoma cell line | |
| conceptus | A fertilized egg, embryo, or fetus. |
| trophoblast stem cell line | Tanaka et al have reported that a culture of mouse blastocysts or early postimplantation trophoblasts in the presence of FGF-4 permits the isolation of permanent trophoblast stem cell lines. |
| u-266 cell | Human multiple myeloma cell line; established from the peripheral blood of a 53-year-old man with IgE-secreting myeloma (refractory, terminal) in 1968. |
| keratocyst | Cysts found in the jaws and arising from epithelium involved in tooth formation. They include follicular cysts (e.g., primordial cyst, dentigerous cyst, multilocular cyst), lateral periodontal cysts, and radicular cysts. They may become keratinized (odontogenic keratocysts). Follicular cysts may give rise to ameloblastomas and, in rare cases, undergo malignant transformation. |
| minor vestibular gland | Small mucous glands opening upon the vestibular mucous membrane between the urethral and the vaginal orifice. |
| bile duct epithelium | The irregularly shaped proliferating bile ducts are lined by normal cuboidal epithelium. |
| a-172 cell | Human brain glioblastoma cell line. Established from a 53 year old man. |
| hct-166 cell | Human colon carcinoma cell line. |
| 2102ep cell | Human embryonal carcinoma line. |
| capsular epithelium | The outer, or parietal, layer of the renal glomerular capsule, composed of simple squamous epithelium, and separated from the inner, or visceral, layer by the capsular space. |
| ku-812f cell | Human myelogenous leukaemia cell line. A subclone of the chronic myelogenous leukaemia cell line KU-812. |
| nrk cell | Normal kidney cell line from rattus norvegicus. |
| sputum | Matter ejected from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea, through the mouth. |
| liposarcoma cell line | Cell line of a malignant tumor that arises in fat cells in deep soft tissue, such as that inside the thigh. Most frequent in middle-aged and older adults (age 40 and above), liposarcomas are the most common of all soft-tissue sarcomas. |
| breast epithelial cell | |
| alveolar cell type ii | Pleomorphic cells of the pulmonary alveolar epithelium that secrete surfactant and are distinguished by abundant cytoplasm containing numerous lipid-rich multilamellar bodies. |
| ls-174t cell | Human Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| hbl-4 cell | Human Burkitt's lymphoma cell line(HBL-4 was established from a patient with small noncleaved cell lymphoma (Burkitt's type). The HBL-4 cell line is Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative. |
| gastric cell line | |
| pars compacta | The large dorsal part of gray matter of the substantia nigra that is next to the tegmentum. |
| sc-m1 cell | The EBV negative SCM1 cell line was originally derived from the gastric specimen of a patient with poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma of the stomach. |
| pre-b acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line | |
| wm-9 cell | Human melanoma cell line, derived from lymph node metastasis. |
| multiple myeloma cell | A malignant proliferation of plasma cells in bone marrow causing numerous tumors and characterized by the presence of abnormal proteins in the blood. |
| electric organ | A specialized tract of tissue (as in the electric eel) in which electricity is generated. |
| lip epithelium | |
| posterior pharynx | |
| vibrissal follicle | |
| gastric antrum | The dilated portion of the pyloric part of the stomach, between the body of the stomach and the pyloric canal. |
| mandibular incisor | |
| granule cell layer | The granule cell layer contains multiple small round neurons that lack axons. Long dendritic processes of the neurons reach the more superficial layers and inhibit mitral cells and tufted cells. Small distal processes make contacts with the exiting mitral cell axons. |
| holocrine gland | A gland whose discharged secretion contains entire secreting cells. |
| cortical collecting duct | The cortical collecting ducts receive filtrate from multiple initial collecting tubules and descend into the renal medulla to form medullary collecting ducts. |
| mkn-74 cell | Well differentiated human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| urinary bladder epithelium | |
| hypothalamic nucleus | |
| esophagus | A muscular tube that in humans is about nine inches (23 centimeters) long and passes from the pharynx down the neck between the trachea and the spinal column and behind the left bronchus where it pierces the diaphragm slightly to the left of the middle line and joins the cardiac end of the stomach. |
| u-138mg cell | Human glioblastoma cell line; established from a 47 years old human male. |
| eyestalk | One of the movable peduncles bearing an eye at the tip in a decapod crustacean. |
| hemn cell | Primary human epidermal melanocytes isolated from neonatal foreskin. |
| primordium | The rudiment or commencement of a part or organ. |
| a-1235 cell | |
| retinal rod | Major photoreceptor cell of vertebrate retina (about 125 million in a human eye). Columnar cells having three distinct regions: a region adjacent to, and synapsed with, the neural layer of the retina contains the nucleus and other cytoplasmic organelles, below this is the inner segment, rich in mitochondria, that is connected through a thin neck (in which is located a ciliary body) to the outer segment. The outer segment largely consists of a stack of discs (membrane infoldings that are incompletely separated in cones) that are continually replenished near the inner segment and that are shed from the distal end and phagocytosed by the pigmented epithelium. The membranes of the discs are rich in rhodopsin, the pigment that absorbs light. |
| exodermis | A layer of the outer living cortical cells of plants that takes over the functions of the epidermis in roots lacking secondary thickening. |
| endocrine pancreas | That part of the pancreas that acts as an endocrine gland, consisting of the islets of Langerhans, which secrete insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and sometimes pancreatic polypeptide directly into the bloodstream. |
| hsvec cell | Human saphenous vein endothelial cell line. |
| t-24 cell | Human urinary bladder carcinoma, established from the primary tumor of an 81-year-old Caucasian woman with urinary bladder carcinoma (transitional cell carcinoma, grade III) in 1970; described to produce a variety of cytokines (e.g. G-CSF, IL-6 and SCF) and to carry a p53 mutation. |
| subventricular zone | The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a paired brain structure situated throughout the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles. Along with the subgranular zone of dentate gyrus, subventricular zone serves as a source of neural stem cells in the process of adult neurogenesis. It harbors the largest population of proliferating cells in the adult brain of rodents, monkeys and humans. Neurons generated in SVZ travel to the olfactory bulb via the rostral migratory stream. |
| water vascular system | The water vascular system is a hydraulic system used by Echinoderms for locomotion, food and waste transportation, and respiration. Composed of water filled tube feet and ampulla, Echinoderms move by contracting the muscles around the ampulla forcing water in the tube feet, which causes the foot to extend propelling the animal forward. |
| hematopoietic cell | A blood cell. |
| nape | The back of the neck. |
| ovariole | One of the tubes of which the ovaries of most insects are composed; Each of the two ovaries consists of a number of ovarioles. The ovarioles converge upon the two oviducts, and the oviducts unite to form a common oviduct down which the ripe eggs are discharged. Each ovariole consists of a germarium and a series of ovarial follicles. |
| rt-4 cell | Human urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma; established from a recurrent well-differentiated transitional papillary tumor of the urinary bladder (clinical stage T2, histological grade G1, treated with gold grains 2 years earlier and diathermy after recurrence 10 months later) of a 63-year-old man in 1968. |
| pericyte | One of the peculiar elongated cells with the power of contraction, found wrapped about the outside of precapillary arterioles, postcapillary venules, and capillaries. |
| pia mater | The fine vascular membrane that closely envelops the brain and spinal cord under the arachnoid and the dura mater. |
| pc-3m cell | Human prostate cancer cell line. |
| ganglion | A group of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system. The term is occasionally applied to certain nuclear groups within the brain or spinal cord, such as the basal ganglia. |
| serous cystadenocarcinoma cell | Cystadenocarcinomas develop frequently in the ovaries, where pseudomucinous and serous types are recognised. |
| forestomach | Any of the first three stomachs of a ruminant, i.e., the rumen, reticulum, or omasum. |
| abdominal adipose tissue | Adipose tissue located inside the peritoneal cavity, packed in between internal organs and torso. An excess of visceral fat is known as central obesity, or belly fat, the pot belly or beer belly effect, in which the abdomen protrudes excessively. |
| bsc cell | Immortalized rat hepatic stellate cell line. |
| skeletal muscle cancer cell | |
| basophilic myelocyte | Myelocytes are further distinguished according to the type of granules that develop, i.e., neutrophilic myelocyte (60%), eosinophilic myelocyte, basophilic myelocyte (3%). |
| pancreatic juice | The liquid secretion of the exocrine pancreas, which is discharged into the duodenum. |
| rb-1 cell | A smooth muscle cell line derived from rabbit aorta. |
| nrk-49f cell | Rat kidney fibroblast cell line. Cell line was cloned from a mixed culture of normal rat kidney cells. |
| cholangiocarcinoma cell | An adenocarcinoma arising from the epithelium of the intrahepatic bile ducts, composed of eosinophilic cuboidal or columnar epithelial cells arranged in tubules or acini with abundant fibrous stroma; mucus may be secreted but not bile. |
| liver | 1: A large very vascular glandular organ of vertebrates that secretes bile and causes important changes in many of the substances contained in the blood (as by converting sugars into glycogen which it stores up until required and by forming urea). 2: Any of various large compound glands associated with the digestive tract of invertebrate animals and probably concerned with the secretion of digestive enzymes. |
| epithelial cell | Cell that cover the surface of the body and line its cavities. |
| pheochromocytoma cell line | |
| nucleus recessus posterioris | The fish catecholamines originate in two large aggregations of neurons: the nucleus recessus lateralis (NRL) and the nucleus recessus posterioris (NRP). The nuclei were found in the hypothalamus of numerous species, e.g., the gold fish, eel, and roach. |
| external plexiform layer | The external plexiform layer contains the passing dendrites of mitral cells and a few tufted cells, which are similar in size to mitral cells. Some of the granule cell dendrites in the plexiform layer contact mitral cell dendrites through a specialized dendrodendritic synapse, which also is termed a reciprocal synapse. Tufted cells also receive granule cell input through dendrodendritic and dendrosomatic contact. |
| bile | A fluid secreted by the liver and poured into the small intestine via the bile ducts. Important constituents are conjugated bile salts, cholesterol, phospholipid, bilirubin diglucuronide, and electrolytes. Bile is alkaline due to its bicarbonate content, is golden brown to greenish yellow in color, and has a bitter taste. Bile secreted by the liver is concentrated in the gallbladder. |
| vestibulum vaginae | The space posterior to the glans clitoridis and between the labia minora, containing the openings of the vagina, urethra, and ducts of the greater vestibular glands. |
| hep-2 cell | Human Caucasian larynx carcinoma cell line with HeLa Characteristics. |
| medullary collecting duct cell | Medullary collecting ducts are divided into outer and inner segments, the latter reaching more deeply into the medulla. The variable reabsorption of water and, depending on fluid balances and hormonal influences, the reabsorption or secretion of sodium, potassium, hydrogen and bicarbonate ion continues here. |
| ku-7 cell | Human bladder cancer cell line. |
| follicular dendritic cell | A cell of the immune system found in lymph follicles. |
| cotyledon | A seed leaf; the first leaf formed in a seed. |
| labellum | The labellum is part of an Orchid, Canna or other less known flower that serves to attract insects that pollinate the flower, and acts as a landing platform for those insects. The labellum is a modified petal and can be distinguished from the other petals and from the sepals by its large size and its often irregular shape. It is not unusual for the other two petals of an orchid flower to look like the sepals, so that the labellum stands out as distinct. |
| interstitial cell | The cells of the connective tissue of the ovary and testis (Leydig cells), which furnish the internal secretion of those structures. |
| tritocerebrum | The third set of fused ganglia composing the insect brain. |
| ball-1 cell | Human acute lymphoblastoid leukemia cell line from peripheral blood. |
| mesangium | The thin membrane that helps support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus. |
| floor plate | The unpaired ventral longitudinal zone of the neural tube, forming the floor of that tube. |
| nk-92 cell | Human natural killer lymphoma cell line; established from the peripheral blood of a 50-year-old man with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (large granular lymphocytic) in 1992; cells were described as having azurophilic granula and strong cytotoxic NK activity. |
| brain cortex cell line | |
| vascular cambium | Cambium that produces secondary phloem on its outer side and secondary xylem on its inner side. |
| posterior midgut | |
| skov-3 cell | Human ovary; metastatic site: ascites adenocarcinoma cell line; established from a 64-year-old caucasian female. |
| semicircular canal | Three membranous semicircular tubes contained in the bony labyrinth of the inner ear. They are concerned with equilibrium and the interpretation of the bodys position in space. The three canals are set anterior, posterior, and lateral, at right angles to each other and are situated superior and posterior to the vestibule. |
| insect tracheal system | The respiratory system of insects that consists of internal airfilled tubes. |
| stratum granulosum | A layer of granular cells lying immediately above the stratum germinativum in most parts of the epidermis. |
| u-118mg cell | Human neuronal glioblastoma (grade III) cell line. |
| blastocyte | An undifferentiated embryonic cell. |
| mfm-223 cell | Human breast carcinoma; established from the pleural effusion of a post-menopausal breast cancer patient without any prior treatment (tumor: widespread ductal mammary carcinoma T4 N2 M1 with histological grade III); cells were described to express androgen, estrogen and progesterone receptors. |
| pollen mother cell | A diploid plant cell that forms four microspores by meiosis; the microspores give rise to pollen grains in seed plants. |
| globus pallidus medialis | Globus pallidus medial segment: the smaller, medial part of the globus pallidus, separated from the larger, lateral part by the medial medullary lamina. |
| collecting duct cell line | |
| tramp-c2 cell | This cell line was derived in 1996 from a heterogeneous 32 week primary tumor in the prostate of a PB-Tag C57BL/6 (TRAMP) mouse. |
| nhek cell | Normal human epidermal keratinocyte cell line. |
| genital pore | A small opening on the side of the head in some gastropods through which the penis is protruded. |
| breast cancer cell | Breast cancer is an uncontrolled growth of malignant breast tissue. Most breast cancers begin in the milk ducts: these are called intraductal cancers. A few, like lobular cancer, start in the milk sacs or lobes. |
| urethra | The tube through which urine leaves the body. It empties urine from the bladder. |
| lan-1 cell | The LAN-1 clone, a cell line derived from a human neuroblastoma, possesses muscarinic receptors. |
| sjsa-1 cell | Human osteosarcoma cell line; established in 1982 from the primary tumor of a patient diagnosed with primitive multipotential sarcoma of the femur. |
| hs-766t cell | Human pancreatic cancer cell line. |
| cochlear duct | A spirally arranged membranous tube in the bony canal of the cochlea along its outer wall, lying between the scala tympani below and the scala vestibuli above. |
| ca-46 cell | Human Burkitt's lymphoma, established from the ascites fluid of a patient with American-type Burkitt's lymphoma. |
| oropharyngeal carcinoma cell line | |
| tracheal cell line | |
| talh cell | Cultures of rabbit immortalized thick ascending limb of Henles loop. |
| neostriatal neuron | |
| middle cervical ganglion | A variable ganglion, often fused with the vertebral ganglion, on the sympathetic trunk at about the level of the cricoid cartilage; its postganglionic fibers are distributed mainly to the heart, cervical region, and upper limb. |
| renal epithelium | |
| enamel epithelium | In the developing tooth, the inner or internal layer of cells (ameloblasts) of the enamel organ that deposit the organic matrix of enamel, plus the outer or external layer of cuboidal cells. The reduced enamel epithelium is the remains of both layers after enamel formation is complete. |
| dermis | The sensitive vascular inner mesodermic layer of the skin. |
| osteoblastoma cell | A benign tumor cell of bone. |
| peer cell | Human T cell leukemia; established from the peripheral blood of a 4-year-old girl with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) in second relapse in 1977; cell lines BE-13 (DSM ACC 396) and PEER show identical DNA fingerprints and hence share common origin, presumably due to cross-ontamination; however, their diploid and tetraploid karyotypes indicative of earlier and later passage numbers, respectively, suggest that BE-13 is derived from PEER, rather than vice-versa. |
| hose cell | Human ovarian surface epithelial cell line. |
| medial vestibular nucleus | The one of the four vestibular nuclei on each side of the medulla oblongata that sends ascending fibers to the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei in the cerebrum on the opposite side of the brain and sends descending fibers down both sides of the spinal cord to synapse with motor neurons of the ventral roots. |
| endothelioma cell line | |
| thyroid cartilage | The largest cartilage of the larynx consisting of two laminae fusing anteriorly at an acute angle in the midline of the neck. The point of fusion forms a subcutaneous projection known as the adams apple. |
| rpmi-7932 cell | Human melanoma cell line (Bowes). |
| ic-21 cell | Mouse peritoneal macrophage, SV40 transformed. The IC-21 cell line was derived by transformation of normal C57BL/6 mouse peritoneal macrophages with SV40. |
| amnioserosa | The amnioserosa is an extraembryonic, epithelial tissue that covers the dorsal side of the Drosophila embryo. |
| pleomorphic adenoma cell | Carcinoma arising in a benign mixed tumour of a salivary gland, characterised by rapid enlargement and pain. |
| posterior amygdala | |
| a2780/cp70 cell | Human ovarian carcinoma cell line that is resistant to cisplatin. |
| hek-293-ebna cell | Human embryonic kidney cell line, expressing EBNA. |
| amphidial gland | Nematal gland originating posterior to the nerve ring that connects with the anterior lateral amphids. |
| perianth | The floral structure comprised of the calyx and corolla especially when the two whorls are fused. |
| nc37 cell | |
| adipose tissue | Connective tissue in which fat is stored and which has the cells distended by droplets of fat. |
| hct-15 cell | |
| bronchial epithelial cell | A normal cell of the bronchial epithelium. |
| luteal cell | A cell of the corpus luteum of the ovary. |
| nephroblastoma cell | A cancerous tumour of the kidney in children. Wilms is the most common tumour of the kidney and the most common intra-abdominal tumour in children. The exact cause is unknown, but probably develops in foetal tissue due to an underlying genetic factor. |
| glans penis | The cap-shaped expansion of the corpus spongiosum at the end of the penis. |
| flight muscle | |
| sk-mes-1 cell | |
| bone marrow-derived dendritic cell | |
| granulosa cell line | |
| fibroblast cell line | |
| bronchoalveolar lavage | A technique by which cells and fluid from bronchioles and lung alveoli are removed for diagnosis of disease or evaluation of treatment. A bronchoscope is wedged into a bronchus and sterile saline is pumped in and then removed along with the fluid and cells to be analyzed. |
| oci-aml5 cell | Human acute myeloid leukemia cell line; established from the peripheral blood of a 77-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia. |
| white adipose tissue | The adipose tissue comprising the bulk of the body fat. |
| plb-985 cell | Human acute myeloid leukemia (derivative of HL-60). PLB-985 is a subclone of cell line HL-60. |
| breast invasive ductal carcinoma cell | Infiltrating ductal carcinoma is one of several recognized specific patterns of cancer of the breast. It is so named because it begins in the cells forming the ducts of the breast. It is the most common form of breast cancer, comprising 65-85% of all cases. |
| mastocytoma cell line | |
| small cell lung cancer cell line | |
| cheek | The fleshy part of either side of the face below the eye and between the nose and ear. |
| rmg-i cell | Human tumor cell line from ovarian mesonephroid adenocarcinoma. |
| pancreatic pp cell | Cells in the pancreatic islets, exocrine pancreas, and intestine that secrete pancreatic polypeptide. |
| m12 prostate cancer cell | Highly tumorigenic, metastatic human prostate cell line. |
| fetal cell line | |
| pyramidal neuron | A pyramidal cell is a multipolar neuron located in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. These cells have a triangularly shaped soma, or cell body, a single apical dendrite extending towards the pial surface, multiple basal dendrites, and a single axon. |
| uterine endometrium | The mucous membrane lining the uterus. |
| zona reticulata | The innermost of the three layers of the adrenal cortex that consists of irregularly arranged cylindrical masses of epithelial cells. |
| mnng/hos cell | Human osteosarcoma cell line; derived from HOS cells by transformation with 0.01 µg/ml MNNG, a carcinogenic nitrosamine. |
| pt-k2 cell | Potorous tridactylis (potoroo) normal kidney cell line. |
| adductor magnus | Adductor arising from the inferior ramus of the pubis and the ischium and inserted behind the first two into the linea aspera. |
| hair follicle bulge | The bulge is located in the outer root sheath at the insertion point of the arrector pili muscle. It houses several types of stem cells, which supply the entire hair follicle with new cells, and take part in healing the epidermis after a wound. |
| nmumg cell | Normal mouse mammary epithelial cell line. |
| pollen | The structure into which a haploid microspore develops; contains a halpoid tube nucleus and two haploid sperm nuclei at maturity. |
| bile duct | Any of the ducts that convey bile in and from the liver. |
| rpmi-7951 cell | Human malignant melanoma cell line; established from an involved lymph node of an 18-year-old Caucasian woman with malignant melanoma in 1971. |
| pars tuberalis | A thin plate of cells that is an extension of the adenohypophysis on the ventral or anterior aspect of the infundibulum. |
| medulloblastoma cell line | |
| lower epidermis | The epidermal layer directed away or outwards from the axis. |
| gingival cancer cell line | |
| epibranchial | A deep cartilage bone on the upper part of the gill arch below the uppermost element, the pharyngobranchial. May occur on arches 1, 2, 3, 4 and be covered with toothed pads. |
| hn-30 cell | Head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) cell line. |
| protoxylem | The first-formed xylem developing from procambium and consisting of narrow cells with annular, spiral, or scalariform wall thickenings. |
| promonocytic leukemia cell line | |
| km-12c cell | Colorectal carcinoma cell line derived from a primary tumor. |
| olfactory ensheathing cell | These cells are a specialized type of glial cells found in association with olfactory receptor neurons. They show features of astrocytes and Schwann cells. These cells support the growth of primary olfactory axons from the neuroepithelium in the nasal cavity to the brain. |
| gametophore | A structure, as in liverworts and mosses, on which gametangia are borne. |
| tegmentum | The dorsal part of the mesencephalon, formed by continuation of the dorsal parts of the cerebral peduncles across the median plane, and extending on each side from the substantia nigra to the level of the mesencephalic aqueduct. |
| huh-7.5 cell | Human hepatoma cell line. |
| l-929 cell | Mouse connective tissue fibroblast, established from the normal subcutaneous areolar and adipose tissue of a male C3H/An mouse; used as target in TNF detection assays. |
| adventitious root | A root growing from a location other than the underground, descending portion of the axis of a plant, as from a stem or leaf. |
| parietal ganglion | The lateral ganglia of a snail nervous system are called parietal ganglia. They innerve pallial cavity, gills and skin. |
| uterine leiomyosarcoma cell line | |
| trypomastigote | Any of the bodies representing the morphologic (trypanosomal) stage in the life cycle of certain trypanosomatid protozoa, resembling the typical adult form of members of the genus Trypanosoma, in which the slender elongate cell has a kinetoplast and basal body located at the posterior end and a flagellum running anteriorly along an undulating membrane to become a free-flowing structure. |
| outer plexiform layer | The outer plexiform layer is a layer of neuronal synapses in the retina of the eye. It consists of a dense network of synapses between dendrites of horizontal cells from the inner nuclear layer, and photoreceptor cell inner segments from the outer nuclear layer. It is much thinner than the inner plexiform layer, where horizontal cells synapse with retinal ganglion cells. |
| peripheral nerve | The peripheral nerves include the 12 cranial nerves, the spinal nerves and roots, and what are called the autonomic nerves that are concerned specifically with the regulation of the heart muscle, the muscles in blood vessel walls, and glands. |
| b-lymphoblastoid cell | |
| myenteron | The muscular coat of the intestine. |
| bronchogenic carcinoma cell | Any of a large group of carcinomas of the lung, so called because they arise from the epithelium of the bronchial tree. Four primary subtypes are distinguished: adenocarcinoma of the lung, large cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. |
| hypobranchial | One of a series of deep, paired endochondral bones on the lower part of the gill arch between the ceratobranchials and the basibranchials. May occur on arches 1, 2, 3, 4 and bear dentigerous plates. Salmonidae have only 3 pairs. In Chondrichthyes they are the most ventral paired cartilages. |
| cerebral cortex | The surface layer of gray matter of the cerebrum that functions chiefly in coordination of sensory and motor information. |
| renal medulla cell line | |
| amnion epithelial cell | |
| blastocyst | The modified blastula of a placental mammal. |
| eont cell | Immortalized epithelial ovarian nontumoral normal cell line. |
| mm-1 cell | Parent cell line, established from peripheral blood of a multiple myeloma patient who had become resistant to steroid-based therapy. |
| cell lysate | The cellular debris and fluid produced by lysis. |
| left ventricle | The ventricles are the two lower chambers of the heart. The left ventricle is the chamber that receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it out under high pressure to the body via the aorta. |
| endocrine gland | Any of various glands producing hormonal secretions that pass directly into the bloodstream. The endocrine glands include the thyroid, parathyroids, anterior and posterior pituitary, pancreas, adrenals, pineal, and gonads. |
| pc-3m-ln4 cell | PC-3M cells were injected into the prostates of athymic mice. Tumors from the prostate or lymph nodes were harvested and cells were reinjected into the prostate. This cycle was repeated three to five times to yield cell line PC-3M-LN4. |
| sk-hep-1 cell | Human liver adenocarcinoma cell line; established from the ascites of a 52-year-old Caucasian man in 1971. |
| b16-f1 cell | Mouse skin melanoma cell line, established from C57BL/6J mouse strain. |
| ganglion cell layer | The innermost nuclear layer of the retina. |
| dorsal aorta | The artery in vertebrate embryos that transports blood from the aortic arches to the trunk and limbs. In adult fish it is a major artery that carries oxygenated blood from the efferent branchial arteries to branches that supply the body organ. In adult tetrapods it arises from the systemic arch. |
| reticulocyte | An immature red blood cell that appears especially during regeneration of lost blood and has a fine basophilic reticulum formed of ribosomal remains. |
| archegonium | The structure on the pteridophyte prothallus that produces the sessile female gametes. |
| mesenteric artery | Either of two arteries arising from the aorta and passing between the two layers of the mesentery to the intestine. 1. One that arises just above the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta into the common iliac arteries and supplies the left half of the transverse colon, the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and most of the rectum - called also inferior mesenteric artery. 2. A large artery that arises from the aorta just below the celiac artery at the level of the first lumbar vertebra and supplies the greater part of the small intestine, the cecum, the ascending colon, and the right half of the transverse colon - called also superior mesenteric artery. |
| raphe nucleus | Any of several groups of nerve cells situated along or near the median plane of the tegmentum of the midbrain. |
| glume | One of the two chaffy basal bracts of a grass spikelet. |
| culture condition | |
| interalveolar septum | The tissue intervening between two adjacent pulmonary alveoli; it consists of a close-meshed capillary network covered on both surfaces by very thin alveolar epithelial cells, one of the bony partitions between the tooth sockets. |
| ground meristem | The part of a primary apical meristem remaining after differentiation of protoderm and procambium. |
| pharyngeal process | A large posterior expansion of the basioccipital above the pharyngeal tooth plates of the fifth certaobranchilas in Cyprinidae and related fishes. |
| follicular lymphoma cell line | |
| epitrochlearis | Pertaining to muscles associated with the humeral epichondyle. |
| hl-60/mx-2 cell | Acute promyelocytic leukemia resistant to mitoxantrone. |
| hepatoma cell | Primary carcinoma of the liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumour difficult to distinguish from normal hepatocytes to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic or may form giant cells. Several classification schemes have been suggested. Hepatocellular carcinoma is very rare in the united states and western europe, but it is one of the most common cancers in eastern asia and sub-saharan africa. The cases are preponderantly male and, racially, whites have the lowest rates. |
| hth-74 cell | Human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell line. |
| dorsal hypothalamic nucleus | A nerve cell nucleus situated in the dorsal portion of the intermediate hypothalamic region. |
| utricle | The part of the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear into which the semicircular canals open. |
| nipple | The protuberance of a mammary gland upon which in the female the lactiferous ducts open and from which milk is drawn. |
| prec cell | Primary normal human prostate epithelial cells. |
| c666-1 cell | A cell line from undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This cell line consistently carries the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in long-term cultures. C666-1 is a subclone of its parental cell line, C666, derived from an NPC xenograft of southern Chinese origin. |
| fruit body | Any specialized structure which bears or contains sexually or asexually derived spores. |
| germinated grain | After germination, the grain of barley is called green malt. |
| ascidian | Any of a class (Ascidiacea) of solitary or colonial sessile tunicates that have an oral and an atrial siphon. |
| saccule | The smaller of two membranous sacs in the vestibule of the inner ear. |
| ovary cancer cell | A malignant tumor cell of the ovary. |
| pericardial mesothelium | Mesothelium: the layer of flat cells, derived from the mesoderm, that line the coelom or body cavity of the embryo. In the adult, it forms the simple squamous epithelium that covers all true serous membranes (peritoneum, pericardium, pleura). |
| gastric juice | A thin watery acid digestive fluid secreted by glands in the mucous membrane of the stomach. |
| gill | A paired respiratory organ in fishes consisting of gill filaments on the gill arch in the posterior portion of the head and usually providing the primary exchange of gases between the blood and the surrounding water. |
| keratocyte | The fibroblastic stromal cell of the cornea. Keratocytes produce keratan-sulfate proteoglycans (KSPG), lumican and keratocan to form and sustain proper collagen interfibrillar spacing and fibril diameter of the cornea. |
| sklu-1 cell | Non-small cell lung cancer cell line. |
| v79mzh11b1 cell | Two cell lines derived from V79 chinese hamster cells were established to express human CYP11B1 and CYP11B2. They were called V79MZh11B1 and V79MZh11B2. |
| adductor brevis | Adductor arising from the inferior ramus of the pubis and inserted into the iliopectineal line and the upper part of the linea aspera. |
| t-lymphoblast | |
| platysma muscle | The platysma is a superficial muscle that overlaps the sternocleidomastoid. |
| leg muscle | |
| mel-juso cell | Human melanoma, established from the primary tumor of a 58-year-old woman with melanoma in 1977. |
| molting fluid | Arthropods (e.g., insects and crustaceans) must molt their exoskeletons periodically in order to grow; in this process the inner layers of the old cuticle are digested by a molting fluid secreted by the epidermal cells, the animal emerges from the old covering, and the new cuticle hardens. |
| chloragogen cell | Yellowish-brown or greenish cells that surround the intestine of annelids that function in intermediary metabolism, similar to the role of the liver in vertebrates. |
| um-scc-38 cell | Human neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line. |
| stellate ganglion | A composite ganglion formed by fusion of the inferior cervical ganglion and the first thoracic ganglion of the sympathetic chain of a vertebrate animal. |
| taste bud | An end organ mediating the sensation of taste and lying chiefly in the epithelium of the tongue. |
| sw-48 cell | Human colon; colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line. Morphology: epithelial. |
| exocrine acinar cell | |
| a10 cell | Vascular smooth muscle cell line derived from rat thoracic aorta. |
| scale | One of the many small platelike dermal or epidermal structures that characteristically form the external covering of fishes, reptiles, and certain mammals. |
| blood plasma | The fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. |
| uterine sarcoma cell | A rare type of uterine cancer that forms in muscle or other tissues of the uterus. It usually occurs after menopause. The two main types are leiomyosarcoma (cancer that begins in smooth muscle cells) and endometrial stromal sarcoma (cancer that begins in connective tissue cells). |
| corneal cell line | |
| body wall muscle | A worm's body wall has two kinds of muscles that it uses to crawl. Circular muscles surround the worm's body and can make the body shrink or spread out. Longitudinal muscles run the length of the body and can shorten or lengthen the worm. Setae (bristles) prevent the worm from slipping. |
| transitional cell carcinoma cell | Cancer that forms in transitional cells in the lining of the bladder, ureter, or renal pelvis. Transitional cells are cells that can change shape and stretch without breaking apart. |
| esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line | |
| nci-h1355 cell | Human lung adenocarcinoma cell line from a pleural effusion stage 4. |
| ccrf-cem cell | Peripheral blood, T lymphoblast, acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line. CCRF-CEM is a T lymphoblastoid cell line derived by G.E. Foley, et al. Cells were obtained in November, 1964 from peripheral blood buffy coat of a 4-year-old Caucasian female with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. |
| scalp | The part of the integument of the human head usually covered with hair in both sexes or the part of an animal (as a wolf or fox) corresponding to the human scalp. |
| high vocal center | HVC is a nucleus in the brain of the songbirds (order passeriformes) necessary for both the learning and the production of bird song. It is located in the lateral caudal nidopallium and has projections to both the direct and the anterior forebrain pathways. |
| esophageal squamous epithelium | |
| astrocytoma cell line | |
| pharate pupa | Pupa of an insect, having its new cuticle formed beneath its present cuticle, and thus ready for its next moult. |
| vestibulocochlear nerve | The vestibulocochlear nerve is responsible for the sense of hearing and balance (body position sense). Lesions of the eighth nerve can result in deafness, tinnitus, dizziness, vertigo and vomiting. |
| enteric muscle | Muscle cells of the posterior gut and rectum. There are four specialized muscle cells in this region that operate in the defecation cycle; the L/R stomatointestinal muscles (also called the intestinal muscles) , the anal sphincter muscle (also called the anal dilator or rectal muscle) and the anal depressor muscle (also called the depressor ani muscle). These three sets of muscles are jointly called enteric muscles and each send an arm to the DVB neuron along dorsal surface of the preanal ganglion. |
| a3 cell | Human T lymphocyte, acute T cell leukemia cell line. Morphology: lymphoblastoid. The A3 subclone was derived from a Jurkat cell line obtained from the laboratory of Gerald Crabtree at Stanford University. The Jurkat cells were treated with Fas Antibody and isolated by limiting dilution to obtain a cell line that had a low spontaneous rate of resistance to Fas-medicated apoptosis. The resulting wild-type A3 subclone is very sensitive to Fas-mediated apoptosis. |
| pericycle | A thin layer of parenchymatous or sclerenchymatous cells that surrounds the stele in most vascular plants. |
| alate adult | An alate is a winged reproductive of a social insect (especially ants or termites, but the term can also be applied to aphids and some thrips). |
| ana-1 cell | The ANA-1 immortalized murine macrophage cell line was established by infecting the normal bone marrow of C57BL/6 mice with the murine recombinant 52 retrovirus (expressing the v-raf and v-myc oncogenes). |
| stem | The main trunk of a plant; specifically: a primary plant axis that develops buds and shoots instead of roots. |
| adult liver stem cell line | |
| calyx | The usually green outer whorl of a flower consisting of sepals. |
| leaf sheath | The basal part of a grass leaf that encircles the stem. |
| j7 hepatoma cell | Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line. |
| claw | 1. A sharp, curved, horny structure at the end of a toe of a mammal, reptile, or bird. 2. A chela or similar pincerlike structure on the end of a limb of a crustacean or other arthropod. 3. A limb terminating in such a structure. |
| y1-bs1 cell | A sub-clone of Y1 mouse adrenocortical cells. |
| fibula | The outer and smaller of the two bones of the leg, which articulates proximally with the tibia and distally is joined to the tibia in a syndesmosis. |
| ovarian surface epithelial cell line | |
| rumen | The large first compartment of the stomach of a ruminant in which cellulose is broken down by the action of symbiotic microorganisms. |
| sk-cha-1 cell | Human cholangiocarcinoma cell line. |
| juxtaglomerular apparatus | The juxtaglomerular apparatus is a microscopic structure in the kidney, which regulates the function of each nephron. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is named for its proximity to the glomerulus. It is found between the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle and the returning distal convoluted tubule of the same nephron. This location is critical to its function in regulating renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. The three cellular components of the apparatus are the macula densa, extraglomerular mesangial cells, and juxtaglomerular cells. |
| reticulum | The second compartment of the stomach of a ruminant in which folds of the mucous membrane form hexagonal cells. |
| caba i cell | Human ovarian cancer cell line; established from ascitic fluid obtained from a patient with papillary adenocarcinoma of the ovary prior to drug treatment. |
| tissues, cell types and enzyme sources | A structured controlled vocabulary for the source of an enzyme. It comprises terms of tissues, cell lines, cell types and cell cultures from uni- and multicellular organisms. |
| ht-144 cell | Homo sapiens (human), morphology: fibroblast, tissue: metastatic site: subcutaneous tissue malignant melanoma, established from a 29-year-old caucasian men. |
| perilymphatic space | The fluid-filled space separating the membranous from the osseous labyrinth. |
| hra cell | Human ovarian carcinoma cell line; derived from serous cystadenocarcinoma. |
| submucosa | The layer of areolar tissue situated beneath the mucous membrane. The layer of loose connective tissue between the lamina muscularis mucosae and the tunica muscularis in most parts of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and genital tracts. |
| biceps brachii | Biceps of the arm. |
| pharyngeal epithelium | Epithelium lining the pharynx consisting largely of simple columnar epithelium with a short segment (1mm) of stratified squamous epithelium on the ventral side. |
| hsdm1c1 cell | Mouse Swiss Albino fibrosarcoma cell line. |
| acute megakaryocytic leukemia cell line | Acute megakaryocytic leukemia is a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia evolving from primitive megakaryoblasts. |
| pleural mesothelioma cell | A cell from a tumor derived from pleural mesothelial tissue. |
| hi-5 cell | Insect cell line from Trichoplusia ni (embryo) egg cells. |
| coculture | Growth of distinct cell types in a combined culture. In order to get some cells to grow at low (clonal) density it is sometimes helpful to grow them together with a feeder layer of macrophages or irradiated cells. The mixing of different cell types in culture is otherwise normally avoided, although it is possible that this could prove an informative approach to modelling interactions in vivo. |
| mb-49 cell | Murine transitional cell carcinoma cell line of the bladder. |
| bronchial epithelium | |
| 1205-lu cell | The 1205Lu cell line was derived from lung metastases of WM793 after subcutaneous injection into immunodeficient mice. 1205Lu cells are highly invasive and exhibit spontaneous metastatis to lung and liver. |
| chronic myelogenous leukemia progenitor cell | A leukemic stem cell. |
| wehi-3b cell | A macrophage-like myelomonocytic leukemia cell line established from inbred BALB/c mice. |
| respiratory system | A system of organs subserving the function of respiration and in air-breathing vertebrates consisting typically of the lungs and their nervous and circulatory supply and the channels by which these are continuous with the outer air. |
| capillary endothelial cell | A cell of the capillary endothelium. |
| posterior spinal root | The sensory division of each spinal nerve, attached centrally to the spinal cord and joining peripherally with the anterior (motor) root to form the nerve before it emerges through the intervertebral foramen: each posterior root bears a spinal ganglion and conveys sensory fibers to the spinal cord. There are 31 anterior and 31 posterior nerve roots: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal. |
| cortical collecting duct cell | The cortical collecting ducts receive filtrate from multiple initial collecting tubules and descend into the renal medulla to form medullary collecting ducts. |
| angiomyolipoma cell | A benign tumor containing vascular, adipose, and muscle elements. It occurs most often in the kidney with smooth muscle elements (angiolipoleiomyoma) in association with tuberous sclerosis. |
| apud cell | A group of apparently unrelated cells that secrete most of the body's hormones, with the exception of steroids. |
| hepatic stellate cell | Hepatic stellate cells are pericytes found in the perisinusoidal space (a small area between the sinusoids and hepatocytes) of the liver. The stellate cell is the major cell type involved in liver fibrosis, which is the formation of scar tissue in response to liver damage. |
| apical bud | The uppermost bud on a stem. |
| wm-239 cell | Human melanoma cell line, derived from skin metastasis. |
| kato-iii cell | Human stomach carcinoma cell line, established from a 55 years old mongoloid male. |
| ocm-1 cell | Human choroidal melanoma, the most frequent primary ocular neoplasm in humans. |
| apocrine gland | A gland whose discharged secretion contains part of the secreting cells. |
| olfactory cortex | That portion of the cerebral cortex that, with the palaeocortex, develops in association with the olfactory system, and which is phylogenetically older than the neocortex and lacks its layered structure. The embryonic archaeocortex corresponds to the cortex of the dentate gyrus and hippocampus in mature mammals. |
| cuticle | A layer of more or less solid substance which covers the free surface of an epithelial cell. |
| sporangiospore | A spore that develops within a sporangium. |
| hepatocyte | The major cell type of the liver. They are arranged in folded sheets facing blood-filled spaces called sinusoids. Hepatocytes are responsible for the synthesis, degradation, and storage of a wide range of substances. They are the site of synthesis of all the plasma proteins, except for antibody, and are the site of storage of glycogen. |
| cbrh-7919 cell | Rat hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. |
| molting gland | Either of a pair of endocrine glands located in the prothorax of certain insects and regulating molting. |
| breast adenocarcinoma cell line | |
| esophageal mucosa | The mucous coat (membrane) lining the esophagus. |
| umr-106 cell | The UMR-106 cell line is a clonal derivative of a transplantable rat osteosarcoma that had been induced by injection of radiophosphorous (32P). |
| kyse-30 cell | Well differentiated human suamous cell carcinoma from esophageal cancer. |
| retina | The sensory membrane that lines the eye, is composed of several layers including one containing the rods and cones, and functions as the immediate instrument of vision by receiving the image formed by the lens and converting it into chemical and nervous signals which reach the brain by way of the optic nerve. |
| amniotic cell line | |
| m1 melanoma cell | Human melanoma cell line. |
| bt-325 cell | Human glioma cell line. |
| schistosomulum | The immature form of a parasitic schistosome after it has entered the blood vessels of its host. |
| sup-m2 cell | Human anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) cell line; derived from the cerebrospinal fluid of a 5-year-old girl with refractory malignant histiocytosis. |
| abomasum | The fourth compartment of the ruminant stomach that follows the omasum and has a true digestive function. |
| flexor | A muscle that when contracted acts to bend a joint or limb in the body. |
| sum-159pt cell | Estrogen independent human breast cancer cell line with epithelial origin. |
| cecum cancer cell line | |
| bergmann fiber | Filamentous glia fibers traversing the cerebellar cortex perpendicular to the surface. These fibers are the processes of Golgi epithelial cells. |
| t-cell lymphoma cell | A disease in which certain cells of the lymph system (called T-lymphocytes) become cancerous. |
| enteroendocrine cell | A group of APUD cells found scattered along the walls of the gastrointestinal tract; their secretions affect motility, secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile, and growth of the gastrointestinal tract epithelium, and are regulators of other endocrine substances in the intestines. |
| synoviocyte | Located in the synovial membrane, there are two types. Type A cells are more numerous, have phagocytic characteristics and produce degradative enzymes. Type B cells produce synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint and nurtures nourishes the articular cartilage. |
| adenohypophysis | The anterior glandular lobe of the pituitary gland. |
| lung epithelium | |
| b-lymphoma cell line | |
| rhomboid nucleus | One of the median nuclei of the thalamus, bordering the third ventricle and ventral to the central medial nucleus. |
| huaec cell | Human neonatal umbilical artery endothelial cell line. |
| hmec-1 cell | Human dermal microvascular endothelial cell line 1. |
| rd-es cell | Human Ewing's sarcoma cell line; established from a primary osseous Ewing's sarcoma of the humerus of a 19-years-old caucasian male. |
| stellate reticulum | The stellate reticulum is a group of cells located in the center of the enamel organ of a developing tooth. These cells are star shaped and synthesize glycosaminoglycans. |
| cns cell line | |
| splenocyte | A macrophage of the spleen. |
| invertebrate mandible | Any of various mouth organs of invertebrates used for seizing and biting food, especially either of a pair of such organs in insects and other arthropods. |
| pancreatic alpha cell line | |
| nucleus ventralis posterolateralis thalamus | The more lateral of the two posterior ventral nuclei of the thalamus; it is the terminus of the spinothalamic tract and the medial lemniscus and it projects to the postcentral gyrus. |
| molt-4 cell | Human T cell leukemia established from the peripheral blood of a 19-year-old man with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in relapse in 1971; sister cell line of MOLT-3. |
| plant organ culture | The culture of excised organs in a suitable aseptic medium. Roots, leaves, embryos, meristems, and many other plant structures have been successfully maintained in culture. For example, chemical factors affecting sex expression have been studied using cultures of isolated flowers, and root nodule formation has been investigated in cultures of legume roots. |
| cerebrovascular system | System pertaining to blood vessels in the brain. |
| dunn cell | Murine osteosarcoma cell line. |
| dental pulp | The soft sensitive tissue that fills the central cavity of a tooth. |
| tracheal epithelium | |
| km-12 cell | Human colon carcinoma cell line. |
| multicellular trichome | Trichome that consists of several cells. |
| soleus | A broad flat muscle of the calf of the leg lying immediately below the gastrocnemius. |
| ink gland | The ink gland and ink sac are specializations of the rectal gland. |
| hek-293 cell | Established from a human primary embryonal kidney transformed by adenovirus type 5. |
| b-lymphoblastoid cell line | |
| inner dental epithelium | Inner enamel epithelium, the columnar epithelial layer of enamel matrix, secreting ameloblasts, of the odontogenic organ of a developing tooth. |
| aro cell | Human anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line. |
| kb cell | Human cervix carcinoma (derivative of HELA) originally described as epidermoid carcinoma established from the mouth of a Caucasian man in 1954; however, as shown by DSMZ DNA fingerprinting this cell line must be considered an HELA subclone. |
| posterior paraventricular nucleus | The posterior of the two nuclei paraventriculares thalami. |
| mural cell | A nonendothelial cell enclosed within the basement membrane of retinal capillaries. |
| embryonic fibroblast | |
| vestimentum | The vestimentum is a muscle that the tubeworm uses to position itself in the tube. It is sequestered within the Riftia tube. |
| flk cell | Fetal lamb kidney cell line. |
| fdcp-1 cell | Mouse bone marrow cell line, established from the long-term bone marrow culture of B6D2F1 mice; cells are IL-3-dependent; their differentiation is blocked; this subclone is responsive to G-CSF. |
| nectary | A plant gland that secretes nectar. |
| panc-02 cell | Pancreatic tumor cell line, which is syngeneic to C57BL/6 mice. |
| glc-82 cell | Lung adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| coelomic fluid | Coelomic fluid probably aids in oxygen transport and may contain some cells with hemoglobin. |
| lateral dorsal nucleus | A narrow strip of cell groups on the dorsomedial surface of the thalamus. It includes the lateral dorsal nucleus, lateral posterior nucleus, and the PULVINAR. |
| kidney | 1: One of a pair of vertebrate organs situated in the body cavity near the spinal column that excrete waste products of metabolism, in humans are bean-shaped organs about 4 1/2 inches (11 1/2 centimeters) long lying behind the peritoneum in a mass of fatty tissue, and consist chiefly of nephrons by which urine is secreted, collected, and discharged into a main cavity whence it is conveyed by the ureter to the bladder. 2: Any of various excretory organs of invertebrate animals. |
| melanocyte cell line | |
| cardiofibroblast | A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. |
| spermatozoid | A male reproductive cell produced in an antheridium, as in algae, fungi, and nonflowering plants. Each spermatozoid has cilia that propel it toward the archegonium. |
| renal glomerular cell line | |
| crypt | A crypt is a deep pit that protrudes down into the connective tissue surrounding the small intestine. The epithelium at the base of the crypt is the site of stem cell proliferation and the differentiated cells move upwards and are shed 3-5 days later at the tips of the villi. |
| germ cell | 1. A gamete (as an egg or sperm cell) or one of its antecedent cells. 2. A mature male or female germ cell usually possessing a haploid chromosome set and capable of initiating formation of a new diploid individual by fusion with a gamete of the opposite sex. |
| thallus | A plant or plantlike body, as of an alga, fungus, or moss, that lacks differentiation into distinct members, as stem, leaves, and roots, and does not grow from an apical point. |
| electrocyte | Cells used by rays, electric eels and other electric fish for electrogenesis and electroreception. They are flat disk-like cells that are stacked in a sequence in a manner similar to a battery. Electric eels have several thousand of these cells stacked, each producing 0.15V. The cells function by pumping positive sodium and potassium ions out of the cell via transport proteins powered by adenosine triphosphate. Postsynaptically, electrocytes work much like muscle cells. They have nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These cells are used in research because of their resemblance to nerve-muscle junctions. Location: In the electric ray Torpedo, electroplax are found near the pectoral muscles and the gills. In all other fishes, it is often near the tail. In one fish genus, the Malaptaturus, the electric organs are not made of individual electroplax, but are built up from charges of the epithelium, specifically the skin. |
| do11.10 cell | T cell hybridoma cell line that specifically expresses high levels of HDAC7, a class IIa histone deacetylase. |
| renal parenchyma | The functional tissue of the kidney, consisting of the nephrons. |
| neutrophilic myelocyte | Myelocytes are further distinguished according to the type of granules that develop, i.e., neutrophilic myelocyte (60%), eosinophilic myelocyte, basophilic myelocyte (3%). |
| coleoptile | The first leaf of a monocotyledon forming a protective sheath about the plumule. |
| pars reticulata | The ventral part of gray matter of the substantia nigra continuous with the globus pallidus. |
| infralimbic cortex | A cortical region in the medial prefrontal cortex which is important in tonic inhibition of subcortical structures and emotional responses, such as fear. |
| medial nidopallium | |
| corpus striatum | Either of a pair of masses of nervous tissue within the brain that contain two large nuclei of gray matter separated by sheets of white matter. |
| nci-h520 cell | Non-small cell lung cancer cell line. |
| neuronal cell line | |
| gall bladder epithelium | |
| fibrocarcinoma cell | A hard, slow-growing carcinoma composed primarily of fibrous tissue. |
| interdigit | The area of the hand or foot lying between adjacent digits. |
| subcommissural organ | An ependymal derivative located at the junction of the third ventricle and the cerebral aqueduct, secreting somatostatin. |
| neuroma cell | A tumor growing from a nerve or made up largely of nerve cells and nerve fibers. |
| embryonic germ cell | At the early fetal stage of development, the cells that later give rise to sperm or eggs cells. These cells are pluripotent. |
| ok cell | American Opossum kidney cell line; derived from proximal tubule of a kidney taken from an adult female opossum. Cells retain proximal tubule function. |
| stipe | A usually short plant stalk: as a: the stem supporting the cap of a fungus b: a part that is similar to a stipe and connects the holdfast and blade of a frondose alga c: the petiole of a fern frond d: a prolongation of the receptacle beneath the ovary of a seed plant. |
| lens | A highly transparent biconvex lens-shaped or nearly spherical body in the eye that focuses light rays (as upon the retina). |
| cecum mucosa | |
| amygdala | The one of the four basal ganglia in each cerebral hemisphere that is part of the limbic system and consists of an almond-shaped mass of gray matter in the anterior extremity of the temporal lobe. |
| brain stem | The part of the brain composed of the mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata and connecting the spinal cord with the forebrain and cerebrum. |
| neocortex | The newer, six-layered portion of the cerebral cortex, showing stratification and organization characteristic of the most highly evolved type of cerebral tissue. |
| colon sigmoideum | The S-shaped part of the colon which lies in the pelvis, extending from the pelvic brim to the third segment of the sacrum, and continuous above with the descending (or iliac) colon and below with the rectum. |
| amoeba | Any of various one-celled aquatic or parasitic protozoans of the genus amoeba or related genera, having no definite form and consisting of a mass of protoplasm containing one or more nuclei surrounded by a flexible outer membrane. It moves by means of pseudopods. |
| mesentery | One or more vertebrate membranes that consist of a double fold of the peritoneum and invest the intestines and their appendages and connect them with the dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity. |
| melanoma cell line | |
| hypocotyl | The part of the axis of a plant embryo or seedling below the cotyledon. |
| rbl-1 cell | Rat basophilic leukemia; this rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cell line was established from chlorethylamine-treated rats. |
| stratum lucidum | A thin somewhat translucent layer of cells lying superficial to the stratum granulosum and under the stratum corneum especially in thickened parts of the epidermis. |
| salt gland | A specialized gland in marine animals that excretes the excess salt taken into the body. |
| rcho-1 cell | A trophoblast cell line derived from a rat choriocarcinoma. |
| glans clitoridis | Erectile tissue at the end of the clitoris, which is continuous with the intermediate part of the vestibulovaginal bulbs. |
| orbit | The bony socket of the eye. |
| endometrioma cell | Circumscribed mass of ectopic endometrial tissue in endometriosis. |
| granulosa cell | One of the estrogen-secreting cells of the epithelial lining of a graafian follicle or its follicular precursor. |
| hepatoblastoma cell line | |
| hemangioendothelioma cell line | |
| uterus | An organ of the female mammal for containing and usually for nourishing the young during development previous to birth. |
| nasal vestibule | The anterior part of the nasal cavity situated just inferior to the nares and limited posteriorly by the limen nasi. It is lined with stratified squamous epithelium and contains hairs (vibrissae) and sebaceous glands. |
| synovium | The dense connective-tissue membrane that secretes synovial fluid and that lines the ligamentous surfaces of articular capsules, tendon sheaths where free movement is necessary, and bursae. |
| htau cell | Immortilized embryonic brain cortex cell line overexpressing the human tau protein. |
| hek-293f cell | The 293-F cell line is derived from the 293 cell line. |
| fibroblast-like synoviocyte | Human synoviocytes (HS), the predominant cell type of healthy synovial tissue, are fibroblast-like cells. |
| gh4-c1 cell | Rat pituitary tumor cell line; established from a pituitary tumor of a 7-month-old female Wistar/Furth rat. Cell line GH4 was subcloned in order to obtain a cell line secreting high amounts of growth hormones. |
| leydig cell | Interstitial cells of the testis, which secrete testosterone. |
| embryonic carcinoma cell line | |
| cervical canal | In the anatomy of the female reproductive system, the canal of the cervix is the spindle-shaped, flattened canal of the cervix, the neck of the uterus. It communicates with the uterine cavity via the internal orifice of the uterus, and with the vagina via the external orifice. |
| substantia innominata | Nerve tissue immediately inferior to the anterior perforated substance, and anterior to the globus pallidus and ansa lenticularis. |
| mesocotyl | The internode between the scutellar node and coleoptile in the embryo and seedling of Poaceae. |
| prostate adenocarcinoma cell line | |
| sublingual gland duct | The duct associated with sublingual salivary gland. Located on the floor of the oral cavity, inferior to the tongue. |
| d-54mg cell | Human glioma cell line. |
| mes-23.5 cell | The MES 23.5 cells were derived from somatic cell fusion of rat embryonic mesencephalic cells with murine N18TG2 neuroblastoma cells. |
| exocrine gland | An externally secreting gland, such as a salivary gland or sweat gland that releases its secretions directly or through a duct. |
| connecting tubule cell | For the connecting tubules, the specific cell type is the connecting tubule cell. |
| l88/5 cell | L87/4 and L88/5 are two permanent SV40- transformed human stroma cell lines derived from the bone marrow of a hematologically normal male patient. |
| vesicular gland | The vesicular gland is part of the male reproductive system. The vesicular gland contributes fluids, energy substrates, and buffers to semen. It can be found near the Coagulating gland, which also belongs to the reproductive system. |
| aril | An exterior covering or appendage of some seeds (as of the yew) that develops after fertilization as an outgrowth from the ovule stalk. |
| granule cell | In neuroscience, granule cells refer to tiny neurons (a type of cell) that are around 10 micrometres in diameter. Granule cells are found within the granular layer of the cerebellum, layer 4 of cerebral cortex, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and in the olfactory bulb. |
| mesenchymal stromal cell | Fibroblast-like cells that can be isolated from a variety of tissues, such as bone marrow, periosteum, trabecular bone, adipose tissue, synovium, skeletal muscle, dental pulp. |
| whole plant | The main part of a plant. |
| kb-c2 cell | Human epidermoid carcinoma cell line. KB cells were subcloned twice; a singly recloned line, KB-3-1, was used as the parental cell line. Multidrug-resistant KB-C2 cells that overexpress P-gp were originally isolated from KB-3- 1 cells exposed to increasing concentrations of colchicine, and maintained in medium containing 2 ug/ml of colchicine. |
| breast cancer cell line | |
| myoblast | An embryonic cell that becomes a cell of muscle fiber. |
| tx3868 cell | Multiform glioblastoma cell line. |
| basophilic leukemia cell | A rare type of leukemia in which basophils predominate; both acute and chronic varieties have been observed. |
| fascicle | A bundle of thin leaves of pines. |
| mpc-11 cell | Tissue: Mouse BALB/c B-lymphocyte, plasmacytoma, myeloma. Morphology: lymphoblast. MPC-11 cells have been reported to produce murine IL-6. |
| adult stem cell | Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells that reproduce daily to provide certain specialized cells. Until recently it was thought that each of these cells could produce just one particular type of cell. This is called differentiation. However in the past few years, evidence has been gathered of stem cells that can transform into several different forms. |
| nr-8383 cell | NR8383 (normal rat, August 3, 1983) was established from normal rat alveolar macrophage cells obtained by lung lavage. |
| shoot base | |
| trigeminal ganglion | A ganglion on the sensory root of the fifth cranial nerve, situated in a cleft within the dura mater (trigeminal cave) on the anterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, and giving off the ophthalmic and maxillary and part of the mandibular nerve; it contains the cells of origin of most of the sensory fibers of the trigeminal nerve. |
| midbrain central gray | Central gray matter surrounding the cerebral aqueduct in the mesencephalon. Physiologically it is probably involved in rage reactions, the lordosis reflex, feeding responses, bladder tonus, and pain. |
| scc-25 cell | Human squamous cell carcinoma cell line; established from the biopsy of a squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue of a 70-year-old man. |
| ref-52 cell | Rat embryo fibroblast cell line. |
| thymus lymphoma cell line | |
| mh1c1 cell | Rat hepatoma, a clonal strain of epithelial cells was derived from a transplantable Morris hepatoma (#7795, Buffalo strain) in 1967; cells were described to synthesize and to secrete serum albumin and serum complement component C9. |
| acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell | Lymphocytic leukemia cell that is marked by an abnormal increase in the number of lymphoblasts, that is characterized by rapid onset and progression of symptoms which include fever, anemia, pallor, fatigue, appetite loss, bleeding, thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia, bone and joint pain, and enlargement of the lymph nodes, liver, and spleen, and that occurs chiefly during childhood. |
| blastoderm | The mass of cells produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum, forming the hollow sphere of the blastula, or the cellular cap above a floor of segmented yolk in the discoblastula of telolecithal eggs. |
| kidney cancer cell | A cell of benign or cancerous growth originating from kidney tissue (for example renal cell carcinoma, hypernephroma). |
| umbilical artery endothelial cell | |
| hela-s3 cell | Human cervix carcinoma cell line is a subclone of its parent HELA derived in 1955. |
| bhk cell | Baby hamster kidney cell line. |
| sh-sy5y cell | Human neuroblastoma clonal subline of the neuroepithelioma cell line SK-N-SH that had been established in 1970 from the bone marrow biopsy of a 4-year-old girl with metastatic neuroblastoma. |
| artery | Any of the tubular branching muscular- and elastic-walled vessels that carry blood from the heart through the body. |
| lupulin gland | Gland on unfertilised female inflorescences that produces lupulin. |
| anterior hypothalamic nucleus | A nucleus of nerve cells in the anterior hypothalamic region. |
| 3y1-b clone 1 cell | Rat Fischer cell line; established from a female rat embryo /whole fetus. Mother clone of 3Y1 series, fibroblast-like. |
| ng-108-15 cell | Neuroblastoma glioma hybrid cell line. |
| p-1798 cell | Mouse T-lymphoma cell line. |
| medial pterygoid muscle | A thick, quadrilateral muscle of mastication. The mandibular branch of the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve, innervates the medial pterygoid muscle. |
| inner plexiform layer | The layer of the retina composed of the processes of bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and amacrine cells; a layer containing synaptic contacts. |
| mesopallium ventrale | |
| osteophyte | A small, abnormal bony outgrowth. |
| hypoglossal nerve | The hypoglossal nerve enervates the muscles of the tongue. |
| melanoma cell | A cell of a form of skin cancer that arises in melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment. Melanoma usually begins in a mole. |
| ileal carcinoid cell | |
| a-2780 cell | Human ovarian carcinoma cell line. |
| neural crest-derived stem cell | |
| natural killer cell line | |
| cardiovascular system | The system of heart and blood vessels. |
| hcn-2 cell | A human cortical neuronal cell line, established from a 7 years old female. |
| common penile artery | The artery that serves blood to the penis. It subdivides into three arteries, the bulbourethral artery, the dorsal artery of the penis and the cavernosal artery. |
| salivary gland tumor cell line | |
| wehi-231 cell | Mouse, BALB/cxNZB F1, lymphoblastic lymphoma cell line. Morphology: Lymphoblast Mouse B cell lymphoma. |
| hfl-1 cell | Human lung fibroblast cell line; established from a caucasian fetus. |
| organism form | |
| bone marrow endothelial cell line | |
| crop | A pouched enlargement of the gullet of many birds that serves as a receptacle for food and for its preliminary maceration; also: an enlargement of the gullet of another animal (as an insect). |
| venom apparatus | The traumagenic device (spine, tooth, etc.), Venom gland, and accessory organs directly concerned with the introduction and transmission of a venom. |
| nci-h929 cell | Human multiple myeloma cell line; established from the pleural effusion of a 62-year-old white woman with myeloma (IgAkappa) at relapse. |
| zona pellucida | A thick, transparent, noncellular layer or envelope of uniform thickness surrounding an oocyte. Under the light microscope it appears as a radially striated layer; under the electron microscope this can be seen to be microvillous. |
| umbilical cord blood | Blood from the umbilical cord of a newborn baby. This blood contains high concentrations of stem cells. |
| urinary bladder smooth muscle | |
| f5 meningioma cell | Human malignant meningioma cell line. |
| macula densa | A closely packed group of densely staining cells in the distal tubular epithelium of a nephron, in direct apposition to the juxtaglomerular cells; they may function as either chemoreceptors or as baroreceptors feeding information to the juxtaglomerular cells. |
| hydathode | A specialized pore on the leaves of higher plants that functions in the exudation of water. |
| cone | A mass of ovule-bearing or pollen-bearing scales or bracts in trees of the pine family or in cycads that are arranged usually on a somewhat elongated axis. |
| chalazal cell | A cell of the region of an ovule that is opposite the micropyle, where the integuments and nucellus are joined. |
| tm-3 cell | Mouse Leydig cell line. |
| central medial thalamic nucleus | Cell groups within the internal medullary lamina of the thalamus. They include a rostral division comprising the paracentral, central lateral, central dorsal, and central medial nuclei, and a caudal division composed of the centromedian and parafascicular nuclei. |
| kb-3-1 cell | Human cervix carcinoma cell line from the parental continuous cell line HELA, used in multiple drug resistance studies giving raise to drug-resistant mutants (e.g. KB-V1 resistant to vinblastine; KB-CH[R]-8-5_resistant_to_colchicine);_cells_express_MYC_mRNA. |
| all-sil cell | Human T cell leukemia established from the peripheral blood of a 17-year-old man with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, T-ALL. |
| syncytiotrophoblast | Syncytial layer that forms the outermost fetal layer in the placenta and is thus the interface with maternal tissue. Has invasive capacity - though in a regulated manner. |
| epithelioma cell line | |
| p4e6 cell | Nonmalignant human prostate cell line. |
| lymphocytic leukemia cell line | |
| ileocecum | The ileum and cecum considered as one organ. |
| bpaec cell | Bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell line. |
| carcinoma cell line | |
| kcl-22 cell | A Philadelphia chromosome-positive cell line established from peripheral blood of a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis. |
| trophozoite | A protozoan, especially of the class Sporozoa, in the active stage of its life cycle. |
| thymoma cell | Thymoma is a disease in which cancer (malignant) cells are found in the tissues of the thymus. Thymoma is usually a slow-growing tumor that does not spread beyond the thymus. |
| rgm-1 cell | Normal rat gastric epithelial cell line. |
| iris smooth muscle | |
| hemangioendothelioma cell | A true neoplasm of vascular origin, characterized by proliferation of endothelial cells in and about the vascular lumen; it is usually considered to be intermediate in grade between hemangioma and hemangiosarcoma but sometimes is used to denote the latter. |
| leg | A limb of an animal used especially for supporting the body and for walking. |
| rt4-d6p2t cell | Rat, nervous system, immature, Schwann cell derived cell line. |
| artery wall | The wall of an artery consists typically of an outer coat (tunica externa), a middle coat (tunica media), and an inner coat (tunica intima). |
| sf-767 cell | Human glioblastoma cell line. |
| tera-2 cell | Human embryonal carcinoma (teratocarcinoma). NTERA-2 was cloned from cell line TERA-2 which was derived from a metastatic teratocarcinoma of a 22-year-old Caucasian male. |
| inner medullary collecting duct cell | For the inner medullary collecting duct, the specific cell type is the inner medullary collecting duct cell. |
| dentin | The calcified tissue below the enamel, enclosing the cavity of the tooth containing the pulp chamber and root canals. |
| cv-1 cell | Normal kidney cell line. The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of a male adult African green monkey by F.C. Jensen, et al in March, 1964 for use in Rous sarcoma virus transformation studies. |
| pc-12 cell | Rat adrenal pheochromocytoma established from a transplantable rat adrenal pheochromocytoma in 1976; cells were described to synthesize catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine); in response to nerve growth factor (NGF) a neuronal phenotype could be induced reversibly. |
| primary leaf | One of the first pair of leaves to emerge above the cotyledon during the development of a seedling; it is often morphologically distinct from subsequent leaves. |
| dhl-4 cell | Diffuse large B cell lymphoma cell line. |
| amniotic fluid | Fluid within the amniotic cavity produced by the amnion during the early embryonic period, and later by the lungs and kidneys; at first crystal clear, it later becomes cloudy. It protects the embryo and fetus from injury. The amount at term normally varies from 500 to 1500 mL. |
| peritrophic membrane | A delicate, cylindrical sheath of chitin continuously secreted from the posterior edge of the foregut of insects and millipedes that ingest solid food, which surrounds the food as it passes through the midgut. |
| culture condition:-grown cell | |
| oviduct epithelial cell line | |
| sr cell | Human large cell immunoblastic lymphoma cell line, derived from a pleural effusion of a 11 years old caucasian boy. |
| dc-3f/adx cell | The MDR cell line DC-3F/ADX was originally selected from spontaneously transformed Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts DC-3F. |
| uterine leiomyoma cell line | |
| cerebrospinal fluid | The serumlike fluid that circulates through the ventricles of the brain, the cavity of the spinal cord, and the subarachnoid space, functioning in shock absorption. A liquid that is comparable to serum but contains less dissolved material, that is secreted from the blood into the lateral ventricles of the brain by the choroid plexus, circulates through the ventricles to the spaces between the meninges about the brain and spinal cord, and is resorbed into the blood through the subarachnoid sinuses, and that serves chiefly to maintain uniform pressure within the brain and spinal cord. |
| hcc-827 cell | Non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| albumen gland | The posterior oviduct opens into the large white albumen gland which adds a layer of albumen to the zygote before it reaches the egg capsule gland. |
| oe-33 cell | Human caucasian oesophageal carcinoma cell line, established from the adenocarcinoma of the lower oesophagus (Barrett's metaplasia) of a 73 year old female patient. The tumour was identified as pathological stage IIA (UICC) and showed poor differentiation. |
| submandibular gland | One of the three chief, paired salivary glands, predominantly serous, lying partly above and partly below the posterior half of the base of the mandible. |
| cgth-w1 cell | Follicular thyroid cancer cell line. |
| n1-s1 cell | The N1-S1 cell line was established from a Novikoff hepatoma induced by feeding 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene to a male rat. |
| corpus callosum | The great band of commissural fibers uniting the cerebral hemispheres of higher mammals including humans. |
| colorectal cancer cell | |
| te-6 cell | Human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line. |
| oviductal fluid | |
| arrector pili muscle | Small, smooth muscle attached to the bulb of the hair which causes erection of the hair and compression of the attending sebaceous gland when it contracts. |
| peritoneum | The smooth transparent serous membrane that lines the cavity of the abdomen of a mammal and is folded inward over the abdominal and pelvic viscera. |
| min6-n8 cell | Mouse insulinoma cell line. |
| gas bladder | A thin membranous, sometimes alveolated sac in the dorsal portion of the abdominal cavity. Contains a varying mixture of gases, not identical to the composition of air. May be one, two or three chambered. May be connected to the gut by a tube, the ductus pneumaticus (then called physostomous) or unconnected (then called physoclistous). May function as one or more of:- hydrostatic organ, sound producing organ, sound receptor, respiratory organ. Found in Actinopterygii. Often lacking in bottom fishes. |
| vitelline membrane | The cytoplasmic, noncellular membrane surrounding the eggs of various animals, especially the membrane enveloping the yolk of telolecithal eggs. |
| amniochorion | Pertaining to the amnion and chorion. |
| meninx | Any of the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord. |
| rat-1/bb16 cell | Rat-1 cells expressing a stable v-Src protein. |
| trachea | 1: The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi. It is kept patent by a series of about twenty transverse horseshoe-shaped cartilages. Called also windpipe. 2: One of a system of minute tubes ramifying throughout the body of a terrestrial arthropod and delivering air to the tissues. Called also tracheal tubule. |
| qzg cell | Human normal liver cell line. |
| inferior olivary nucleus | The inferior olivary nucleus is the largest nucleus situated in the olivary body, part of the medulla oblongata. |
| lymphoma cell | A tumor cell of lymphoid tissue. |
| non-neuronal cell | Cell pertaining to or composed of nonconducting cells of the nervous system, e.g. neuroglial cells. |
| cestode | Any of a class (Cestoda) of bilaterally symmetrical flatworms parasitic especially in the intestines of vertebrates. |
| venom duct | One of the paired, internal tubes leading from the venom glands to the paired openings near the tip of the aculeus. |
| culture supernatant | The clear fluid above a sediment or precipitate of a cell culture. |
| limb | 1. One of the projecting paired appendages (as wings) of an animal body used especially for movement and grasping but sometimes modified into sensory or sexual organs. 2. A leg or arm of a human being. |
| arteria profunda penis | The artery that serves blood to the penis. It subdivides into three arteries, the bulbourethral artery, the dorsal artery of the penis and the cavernosal artery. |
| lamina epithelialis mucosa | The layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the mucosa. |
| endochondral bone | Refers to skeletal elements which are formed in cartilage and which later ossify. Also called replacement bone because it gradually replaces the pre-existing cartilage. |
| ncm-460 cell | Nonmalignant human colonic epithelial cell line. |
| primary spermatocyte | A cell derived from a spermatogonium and dividing into two secondary spermatocytes; called also spermiocyte. |
| lung squamous cell carcinoma cell | |
| leaf primordium | The first stage of leaf development; a small lateral protuburance formed by an apical shoot meristem that will expand to form a leaf. |
| tamh cell | TGFalpha-transfected mouse hepatocyte cell line. |
| umbilical vein endothelial cell | |
| monocyte-derived dendritic cell | |
| rl cell | Human non-Hodgkin B cell lymphoma cell line. |
| tooth germ | A budlike thickening of the dental lamina that is the primordium of a tooth, and in which the enamel knot develops; the collective structures from which a tooth is formed, including the dental follicle, enamel organ, and dental papilla. |
| infundibular nucleus | A nucleus of nerve cells in the posterior hypothalamic region, extending into the median eminence and almost entirely surrounding the base of the infundibulum. |
| germ | A small mass of living substance capable of developing into an organism or one of its parts. |
| porcine aortic endothelial cell | Porcine aortic endothelial cell line. |
| cess cell | A human lymphoblastoid B-cell line expressing the cell surface marker CD43 (leukocyte sialoglycoprotein sialophorin). The cell line was established from peripheral blood cells of a patient with myelomonocytic leukemia and immortalized by transformation with Epstein Barr virus. |
| rko cell | Human colon carcinoma cell line. RKO is a poorly differentiated colon carcinoma cell line developed by Michael Brattain. The RKO cell line is the parental cell line (isogenic) of RKO-E6 and RKO-A545-1. |
| bph cell | Human benign prostatic hyperplasia cell. |
| gastric mucosa | The mucous coat of the stomach. |
| wehi-3 cell | Mouse, BALB/c, monocyte, monocytic leukemia cell line. |
| mononuclear cell | A cell having only one nucleus, especially: MONOCYTE. |
| sk-mel-37 cell | Human cell line established from a metastatic melanoma. |
| optic nerve | The optic nerve is the nerve that connects the eye to the brain and carries the impulses formed by the retina to the visual cortex of the brain. |
| sk-ut-1 cell | Human leiomyosarcoma cell line; established from a 75-years old caucasian female with mesodermal tumor (mixed) grade III in the uterus. |
| hepatic artery | An artery that distributes blood to the liver, pancreas and gallbladder as well as to the stomach and duodenal portion of the small intestine. |
| venule | A small vein, especially one joining capillaries to larger veins. |
| mda-mb-468 cell | Homo sapiens (human) mammary gland adenocarcinoma cell line. It was isolated in 1977 by R. Cailleau, et al., from a pleural effusion of a 51-year-old Black female patient with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the breast. |
| sk-n-dz cell | Neuroblastoma cell line derived in 1978 from a bone marrow metastasis from a 2 years old caucasian female child with poorly differentiated embryonal neuroblastoma. |
| female urethra | The tube through which urine leaves the body. It empties urine from the bladder. |
| centrum semiovale | The white matter of the cerebral hemispheres which underlies the cerebral cortex and which, in horizontal sections superior to the corpus callosum, has a semioval shape; it contains projection, commissural, and association fibers. |
| hypopharynx | The portion of the pharynx that lies below the upper edge of the epiglottis and opens into the larynx and esophagus. |
| autonomic nervous system | The enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic nervous systems taken together. Generally speaking, the autonomic nervous system regulates the internal environment during both peaceful activity and physical or emotional stress. Autonomic activity is controlled and integrated by the central nervous system, especially the hypothalamus and the solitary nucleus, which receive information relayed from VISCERAL AFFERENTS; these and related central and sensory structures are sometimes (but not here) considered to be part of the autonomic nervous system itself. |
| buccal mucosa | The inner lining of the cheeks and lips. |
| parathyroid gland | Any of usually four small endocrine glands that are adjacent to or embedded in the thyroid gland and produce parathyroid hormone. |
| hmt-3522 cell | Non-tumorigenic immortalized human breast epithelial cell line, derived from a fibrocystic breast lesion. |
| hair medulla | The medulla is the inner most layer of the hair shaft. |
| abdominal aorta | Abdominal part of aorta: the distal part of the descending aorta, which is the continuation of the thoracic part and gives rise to the inferior phrenic, lumbar, median sacral, superior and inferior mesenteric, middle suprarenal, renal, and testicular or ovarian arteries, and celiac trunk. |
| cervical mucosa | Lining of the head of the uterus (cervix); contains large branched glands; does not undergo sloughing. |
| parenchyma of thyroid gland | The basic cellular tissue comprising the thyroid gland, organized as follicles. |
| erythroid cell | Cell that will give rise to erythrocytes. |
| penis | A male organ of copulation that in male mammals including humans usually functions as the channel by which urine leaves the body. |
| egg white | Eggs are composed of 56 to 61% egg white and 27 to 32% egg yolk. The egg white is approximately 87 to 89% water and 9 to 11% protein, whereas the egg yolk contains 50% water, 32 to 35% lipid, and 16% protein. The predominant protein in the egg white is ovalbumin, comprising 54% of the protein present. Other major proteins in the egg white are ovotransferrin (12%), ovomucoid (11%), ovomucin (3.5%), and lysozyme. |
| stratum germinativum | The innermost layer of the epidermis consisting of a single row of columnar or cuboidal epithelial cells that continually divide and replace the rest of the epidermis as it wears away. |
| follicular stem cell | The follicular stem cells can give rise to both the hair follicle and to the epidermis. |
| coronary artery | Either of two arteries that arise one from the left and one from the right side of the aorta immediately above the semilunar valves and supply the tissues of the heart itself. |
| internal male genital organ | The internal organs in the male that are concerned with reproduction, including the testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, prostate, and bulbourethral gland. |
| labial gland | 1. One of the small tubular mucous and serous glands lying beneath the mucous membrane of the lips. 2. A salivary gland, or modification thereof, opening at the base of the labium in certain insects. |
| periodontal ligament | The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the root of a tooth, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone. It extends from the base of the gingival mucosa to the fundus of the bony socket, and its main function is to hold the tooth in its socket. |
| immature ovarian follicle | Primary ovarian follicles: immature ovarian follicles, each comprising an immature ovum and the specialized epithelial cells (follicle cells) that surround it. |
| mc-38 cell | Murine highly tumorigenic colon adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| gonadotrophic cell | A basophil of the adenohypophysis whose granules secrete follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Called also delta basophil, delta cell, and gonadotrope or gonadotropic cell. |
| skin epithelium | |
| stc-1 cell | Murine neuroendocrine tumor cell line. |
| kj29 cell | Non papillary human renal carcinoma cell line. |
| cerebral white matter | Whitish nerve tissue, especially of the brain and spinal cord, consisting chiefly of myelinated nerve fibers. |
| neural crest | The part of the ectoderm in a vertebrate embryo that lies on either side of the neural tube and develops into the cranial, spinal, and autonomic ganglia. |
| uveal melanoma cell | Ocular melanoma consisting of overgrowth of uveal melanocytes. |
| outer hair cell | Any of approximately 25,000 hair cells in the organ of Corti, specialized as transducers of sound waves into nerve impulses and sensitive to low sound levels, easily damaged by loud noise (over 85 decibels), and probably involved in encoding information about the loudness of sounds. So called because they are nearer to the outside of the cochlea than are the inner hair cells. |
| paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus | A sharply defined band of cells in the wall of the third ventricle in the anterior hypothalamic region; many of its cells are neurosecretory in function, secreting oxytocin, which is carried to the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) by the fibers of the paraventriculohypophysial tract. |
| brain cancer cell line | |
| eol-1 cell | Human eosinophilic leukaemia cell line. |
| amastigote | Any of the bodies representing the morphologic (leishmanial) stage in the life cycle of all trypanosomatid protozoa resembling the typical adult form of members of the genus Leishmania, in which the oval or round cell has a nucleus, kinetoplast, and basal body but lacks a free-flowing flagellum, the flagellum being either very short or entirely absent. |
| pancreatic islet cancer cell | |
| sense organ | A bodily structure that receives a stimulus (as heat or sound waves) and is affected in such a manner as to initiate a wave of excitation in associated sensory nerve fibers which convey specific impulses to the central nervous system where they are interpreted as corresponding sensations: RECEPTOR. |
| venom sac | Bee venom is synthesized in the venom glands of worker and queen bees and stored in their venom sacs. |
| hip | The laterally projecting region of each side of the lower or posterior part of the mammalian trunk formed by the lateral parts of the pelvis and upper part of the femur together with the fleshy parts covering them. |
| inner chondrogenic layer of perichondrium | The perichondrium consists of two separate layers: an outer fibrous layer and inner chondrogenic layer. The chondrogenic layer remains undifferentiated and can form chondroblasts or chondrocytes. |
| portio vaginalis cervicis | Vaginal portion of cervix: the part of the cervix uteri that protrudes into the vagina and is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. |
| lim2412 cell | Colonic cancer cell line. |
| ht-1197 cell | Human urinary bladder carcinoma cell line, established from a 44 years old caucasian male. |
| trabecula | In anatomical nomenclature, a supporting or anchoring strand of connective tissue, such as one extending from a capsule into the substance of the enclosed organ. |
| abscission zone | The region at the base of a leaf, flower, fruit, or other plant part, where the formation of a cork layer results in the separation of that part from the plant body. |
| hemocyte cell line | |
| 416b cell | Mouse (C57BL/6xDBA/2)F1 leukaemia lymphocyte cell line. Derived from Friend leukaemia virus-induced leukaemia in BDF mice. Produces spleen colonies in vivo (of myelomonocytic, megakaryocytic, and erythropoietic origin). |
| stationary phase culture | A cell culture at the plateau of the growth curve after log growth in a culture, during which cell number remains constant. New cells are produced at the same rate as older cells die. |
| cholangioma cell | A rare type of hepatocellular carcinoma arising from the cholangioles, composed of tumor cells resembling the epithelial cells of the cholangioles arranged in cords consisting of two layers of cells surrounding a minute lumen. |
| ramos-ehrb cell | Human Caucasian Burkitt's lymphoma cell line. Derived from a three-year-old male Caucasian with histologic diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma. It is EBV positive. |
| periderm | A cortical protective layer of many roots and stems that typically consists of phellem, phellogen, and phelloderm. |
| pelvis | The inferior portion of the trunk of the body, bounded anteriorly and laterally by the two hip bones and posteriorly by the sacrum and coccyx. The pelvis is divided by a plane passing through the terminal lines into the pelvis major superiorly and the pelvis minor inferiorly. |
| left middle cerebral artery | The left and right middle cerebral arteries rise from trifurcations of the internal carotid arteries and thus are connected to the anterior cerebral arteries and the posterior communicating arteries, which connect to the posterior cerebral arteries. |
| epineurium | The external connective-tissue sheath of a nerve trunk. |
| middle midgut | |
| intestinal gland | Any of the tubular glands of the intestinal mucous membrane. |
| lateral habenular nucleus | The more dispersed of the two nerve cell groups situated deep to the habenular trigone; it receives fibers from the stria medullaris thalami and projects to the raphe nuclei, reticular formation of mesencephalon, pars compacta of substantia nigra, and hypothalamus and basal forebrain. |
| foregut | 1: The anterior part of the embryonic alimentary canal of a vertebrate from which the pharynx, lungs, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, and duodenum develop. 2: The first part of the alimentary canal of an arthropod or annelid, which includes the buccal cavity, esophagus, crop, and gizzard. |
| ros-17/2.8 cell | Osteosarcoma cell line. |
| testicular cell line | |
| intervertebral disc | Any of the tough elastic disks that are interposed between the centra of adjoining vertebrae and that consist of an outer fibrous ring enclosing an inner pulpy nucleus. |
| diencephalon | The posterior subdivision of the forebrain. |
| muscularis mucosa | The thin layer of smooth muscle found in most parts of the gastrointestinal tract, located outside the lamina propria mucosae and separating it from the submucosa. |
| nephrocyte | In most Arthropoda, one of the large phagocytic cells that accumulate waste products. |
| excretory gland | A gland that discharges its secretion through a duct opening on an internal or external surface of the body, as a lacrimal gland. |
| logarithmic phase culture | A cell culture at the steepest slope of the growth curve of a culture-- at the phase of vigorous growth during which cell number doubles every 20-30 minutes. |
| hep-g2 cell | Human hepatocellular carcinoma, established from the tumor tissue of a 15-year-old argentine boy with hepatocellular carcinoma in 1975. |
| cardiomyoblast | |
| animal | Any of a kingdom (Animalia) of living things including many-celled organisms and often many of the single-celled ones (as protozoans) that typically differ from plants in having cells without cellulose walls, in lacking chlorophyll and the capacity for photosynthesis, in requiring more complex food materials (as proteins), in being organized to a greater degree of complexity, and in having the capacity for spontaneous movement and rapid motor responses to stimulation. |
| carcinoma cell | A cell of malignant new growth made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. |
| extensor digitorum brevis | A muscle on the dorsum of the foot that extends the toes. |
| v-79-4 cell | Lung cell line; derived from the lung tissue of a male Chinese hamster; clone of V79 cell line. |
| parotid gland | Either of a pair of large serous salivary glands situated below and in front of the ear. |
| ins-1e cell | Rat insulinoma cell line, derived from parental strain INS-1. |
| sweat | The fluid excreted from the sweat glands of the skin. |
| 1321-n1 cell | Human astrocytoma cell line. |
| chorionic villus | One of the minute vascular projections of the fetal chorion that combines with maternal uterine tissue to form the placenta. |
| vermiform appendix | A narrow blind tube usually about three or four inches (7.6 to 10.2 centimeters) long that extends from the cecum in the lower right-hand part of the abdomen, has much lymphoid wall tissue, normally communicates with the cavity of the cecum, and represents an atrophied terminal part of the cecum. |
| coronary artery smooth muscle cell | |
| tuber cortex | |
| prostate gland cell line | |
| cho-aa8 cell | This line is a derivative of the CHO-K1 cell line. The AA8 line has 21 chromosomes and is heterozygous at the aprt locus. |
| corpus allatum | One of a pair of separate or fused bodies in many insects that are sometimes closely associated with the corpora cardiaca and that secrete hormones (as juvenile hormone). |
| neurofibrillary tangle | Intracellular knot or clump of neurofibrils seen in the cerebral cortex in Alzheimer's disease. |
| cotton fibre | Each seed of a cotton plant is surrounded with downy fiber, white or creamy in color and easily spun. The fibers flatten and twist naturally as they dry. |
| marrow | 1: A soft highly vascular modified connective tissue that occupies the cavities and cancellous part of most bones. 2: The substance of the spinal cord. |
| distal tip cell | A somatic cell with several important functions within the gonad (ovary); it lies at the distal tip of the germline in the hermaphrodite. |
| microspore | Haploid cells produced by meiosis in the anthers of angiosperms; four microspores are produced from a single microsporocyte. |
| mm46 cell | Mouse mammary carcinoma cell line. |
| external female genital organ | The external genitalia of the female, comprising the pudendum femininum, clitoris, and urethra. |
| decidual cell | An enlarged, ovoid, connective tissue cell in the uterine mucous membrane that enlarges and specializes during pregnancy. |
| cervical adenocarcinoma cell | |
| fanconi anemia disease specific cell type | Fanconi's anemia is a disease passed down through families (inherited) that mainly affects the bone marrow. It results in decreased production of all types of blood cells. Fanconi's anemia is different from Fanconi syndrome, a rare kidney disorder. |
| yoshida sarcoma cell | |
| mature cell | Having reached full natural growth or development: a mature cell. |
| l-540 cell | |
| svgp12 cell | The SVG p12 cell line was established by transfecting cultured human fetal glial cells from brain material dissected from 8 to 12 week old embryos with DNA from an ori - mutant of SV40. |
| nasopharynx | The upper part of the throat behind the nose. An opening on each side of the nasopharynx leads into the ear. |
| askin's tumor cell | Peripheral neuroepithelioma of the chest wall. |
| mdah-2774 cell | Ovarian cancer cell line. |
| cholesteatoma tissue | A benign condition involving an expanding mass of cholesterol crystals and keratinised skin in the middle ear space of unknown cause. Symptoms of hearing loss, ear fullness and pain are common. |
| imago | An insect in its sexually mature adult stage after metamorphosis. |
| ov-2008 cell | This cell line was established from a patient with serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. |
| laterodorsal thalamic nucleus | A narrow strip of cell groups on the dorsomedial surface of the thalamus. It includes the lateral dorsal nucleus, lateral posterior nucleus, and the PULVINAR. |
| lymphatic endothelium | |
| thigh | 1: The proximal segment of the vertebrate hind limb extending from the hip to the knee and supported by a single large bone. 2: The segment of the leg immediately distal to the thigh in a bird or in a quadruped in which the true thigh is obscured. |
| nci-h460 cell | |
| ganglioneuroma cell | A benign neoplasm composed of nerve fibers and mature ganglion cells; regarded by many as a fully differentiated neuroblastoma. |
| paraveinal mesophyll | Layer of cells at phloem between spongy and palisade parenchyma. Protein builds up in this layer. |
| retinal ganglion cell | Cells of the innermost nuclear layer of the retina, the ganglion cell layer, which project axons through the optic nerve to the brain. They are quite variable in size and in the shapes of their dendritic arbors, which are generally confined to the inner plexiform layer. |
| chorionic epithelium | |
| ch-27 cell | Human lung squamous carcinoma cell line. |
| cgth-w3 cell | Papillary thyroid cancer cell line. |
| bjab cell | The malignant human B-cell-line BJAB is a EBV-negative Burkitt-like lymphoma cell line. |
| snb-19 cell | Human glioblastoma cell line; established from the surgical resection of a left parieto-occipital glioblastoma from a 47-year-old man in 1980. |
| peripheral ganglion | |
| integument | Something that covers or encloses; especially: an enveloping layer (as a skin, membrane, or husk) of an organism or one of its parts. |
| ovary adenocarcinoma cell line | |
| human bladder microvascular endothelial cell | |
| meiotic cell | A cell that undergoes meiosis: the cellular process that results in the number of chromosomes in gamete-producing cells being reduced to one half and that involves a reduction division in which one of each pair of homologous chromosomes passes to each daughter cell and a mitotic division. |
| oc cell | Oc cell line; derived from the indica variety C5924 of Oryza sativa. |
| fibroblastoma cell | A cell of a tumor arising from fibroblasts, divided into fibromas and fibrosarcomas. |
| pharyngeal organ | An outpocketing of the gill cavity in certain teleosts. Functioning as accessory digestive organs, e.g. Dorosoma (Clupeidae), Ophiocephalidae, Heterotis (Osteoglossidae), Anabantidae. Also found in Heterotidae, Characidae, Chanoidei, Gonorhynchoidei, Clupeidae and Engraulidae. |
| robust nucleus of arcopallium | A specialized nucleus within the intermediate archistriatum of songbirds, required for and active during the production of learned song. |
| heart valve | A structure especially in a vein or lymphatic that closes temporarily a passage or orifice or permits movement of fluid in one direction only. |
| b16-f10 cell | Mouse, C57BL/6, melanoma cell line. |
| b-cell lymphoma cell | A cell of a group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. |
| urinary bladder cancer cell | Cancer cell of the organ responsible for temporarily holding urine after it leaves the kidneys. |
| extraosseus ewing's sarcoma cell | Tumor growing outside of the bone. |
| salivary gland | The glands of the oral cavity whose combined secretion constitutes the saliva. |
| gastric fundus | That part of the stomach to the left and above the level of the entrance of the esophagus. |
| inflammatory cell | A cell (neutrophil, macrophage, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil) participating in the inflammatory response to a foreign substance. |
| sternocleidomastoid muscle | In human anatomy is a paired muscle in the superficial layers of the anterior portion of the neck. It acts to flex and rotate the head. |
| non-myelinating schwann cell | A variety of glial cell that keep unmyelinated peripheral nerve fibres alive. |
| a-2058 cell | Human skin melanoma cell line, established from a 43 years adult caucasian male. |
| sapling | A young tree; specifically: one not over four inches in diameter at breast height. |
| nci-h345 cell | Small cell lung cancer cell line. |
| tay-sachs disease specific cell type | Tay-Sachs disease is a lysosomal disease (lipidosis) in which hexosaminidase A, an enzyme that degrades ganglioside GM2, is absent. A hereditary disease that affects young children almost exclusively of eastern European Jewish descent, in which an enzyme deficiency leads to the accumulation of gangliosides in the brain and nerve tissue, resulting in mental retardation, convulsions, blindness, and, ultimately, death. |
| frond | A large leaf (especially of a palm or fern) usually with many divisions. |
| sk-n-fi cell | Neuroblastoma cell line; derived in 1979 from a bone marrow metastasis from a 11 year old Caucasian male with poorly differentiated embryonal neuroblastoma. |
| myenteric plexus | That part of the enteric plexus within the tunica muscularis. |
| germ cell cancer cell | |
| hs-5 cell | Human bone marrow stromal cell line. |
| neointima | A new or thickened layer of arterial intima formed especially on a prosthesis or in atherosclerosis by migration and proliferation of cells from the media. |
| glomerular endothelium | The glomerular endothelium sits on a very thick glomerular basement membrane. |
| heart endothelial cell | The endothelium, the layer of flat cells lining the closed spaces of the body such as the heart. |
| spermatheca | A sac for sperm storage in the female reproductive tract of various lower animals and especially insects. |
| leukemia cell line | |
| phelloderm | Tissue containing parenchyma like cells, in the bark of tree roots and shoots. Produced by cell division in the phellogen. |
| intermediate muscle fiber | Muscle fibers having characteristics intermediate between red and white muscle fibers. |
| prostate epithelium cell line | |
| sternum | A compound ventral bone or cartilage of most vertebrates other than fishes that connects the ribs or the shoulder girdle or both and in humans consists of the manubrium, gladiolus, and xiphoid process. |
| glioblastoma multiforme cell | A type of tumor that forms from glial (supportive) tissue in the brain. It is highly malignant, grows very quickly, and has cells that look quite different from normal glial cells. Early symptoms may include sleepiness, headache, and vomiting. |
| protonema | The primary usually filamentous thalloid stage of the gametophyte in mosses and in some liverworts comparable to the prothallium in ferns. |
| tongue epithelium | |
| sessile serrated adenoma cell | In gastroenterology, a sessile serrated adenoma is a premalignant flat or sessile lesions of the colon. SSAs are thought to lead to colorectal cancer through the serrated pathway. |
| large cell lung cancer cell line | |
| ovarian serous carcinoma cell | |
| telencephalon | An enlarged anterior or upper part of the brain; especially: the expanded anterior portion of the brain that in higher mammals overlies the rest of the brain, consists of cerebral hemispheres and connecting structures, and is considered to be the seat of conscious mental processes. |
| embryonic cell line | |
| forebrain | The anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing vertebrate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain that includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and that especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions. |
| corneal epithelium | Posterior epithelium of cornea: the mesothelial layer covering the posterior surface of the posterior limiting lamina of the cornea; it was once believed to extend to the anterior surface of the stroma of the iris. |
| lung | One of the usually paired compound saccular thoracic organs that constitute the basic respiratory organ of air-breathing vertebrates. |
| colo-16 cell | Human squamous carcinoma cell line. |
| peritoneal exudate | A term most commonly used to describe the fluid drained from the peritoneal cavity some time after the injection of an irritant solution. For example: a standard method for obtaining neutrophil leucocytes is to inject intraperitoneally saline with glycogen (to activate complement) and drain off the leucocyte rich peritoneal exudate some hours later. |
| hair root | The enlarged basal part of a hair within the skin. |
| rennet | 1: The inner lining of the fourth stomach of calves and other young ruminants. 2: A dried extract made from the stomach lining of a ruminant, used in cheesemaking to curdle milk. |
| hrt-18 cell | Human, rectum-anus, adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| blood vessel | Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body. |
| umbilical artery endothelium | |
| leaf disc | The whole surface of a leaf. |
| exocrine glandular secretion | Secretion discharged by an exocrine gland to an external or internal surface of the body. |
| neuroblastoma cell | Malignant tumour cell derived from primitive ganglion cells. Mainly a tumour of childhood. Commonest sites are adrenal medulla and retroperitoneal tissue. The cells may partially differentiate into cells having the appearance of immature neurons. |
| caudate putamen | A centrally-located portion of the brain affected by Huntington's Disease. The putamen is structurally similar to the caudate nucleus together with which it composes what is termed the striatum. |
| phloem | A complex tissue in the vascular system of higher plants that consists mainly of sieve tubes and elongated parenchyma cells usually with fibers and that functions in translocation and in support and storage. |
| huvec cell | A convenient source of human endothelial cells are those that line the large vein in the umbilical cord which is usually discarded together with the placenta after childbirth. The cells can be removed as a fairly pure suspension by mild enzymatic treatment of the vein followed by some mechanical distraction and will grow relatively easily in culture, retaining their differentiated characteristics for several passages. |
| a-9 cell | Mouse, C3H/An; tissue: areolar and adipose; derived from NCTC clone 929. |
| stratum spinosum | The layers of prickle cells over the layer of the stratum germinativum capable of undergoing mitosis. |
| megakaryoblast | The earliest cytologically identifiable precursor in the thrombocytic series, a large cell that matures to form a promegakaryocyte. |
| rectal cancer cell line | |
| mda-pca-2b cell | Cell line, established from a metastasis of 63 year old Black male with androgen-independent adenocarcinoma of the prostate. |
| t-lymphoblastoid cell line | |
| ascites tumor cell | |
| semen | A viscid whitish fluid of the male reproductive tract consisting of spermatozoa suspended in secretions of accessory glands. |
| caco-2/tc7 cell | Caco-2/TC7 cell line was established from the parental human enterocyte-like Caco-2 cell line. |
| mst cell | Furth murine mastocytoma cell line. |
| l-363 cell | Multiple myeloma cell line expressing syndecan-1. |
| scape | A peduncle arising at or beneath the surface of the ground in an acaulescent plant (as the tulip); broadly: a flower stalk. |
| renal epithelium cell line | |
| venom | Poisonous matter normally secreted by some animals (as snakes, scorpions, or bees) and transmitted to prey or an enemy chiefly by biting or stinging; broadly: material that is poisonous. |
| ovarian fluid | The ovarian fluid surrounds eggs from female fish. |
| ciliary body | Tissue that includes the group of muscles that act on the eye lens to produce accommodation and the arterial circle of the iris. The inner ciliary epithelium is continuous with the pigmented retinal epithelium, the outer ciliary epithelium secretes the aqueous humour. |
| olfactory epithelium | Pseudostratified epithelium lining the olfactory region of the nasal cavity, and containing the receptors for the sense of smell. |
| megagametophyte | The female gametophyte produced by a megaspore. |
| striatonigral neuron | Neuron projecting from the corpus striatum to the substantia nigra. |
| s9 cell | The S9 cell line and the C38 cell line were derived from the IB3-1 cell line. |
| mast cell line | |
| limb bud | A swelling on the trunk of the embryo that becomes a limb. |
| sternal cartilage | A bar of hyaline cartilage by which the ventral extremity of a rib is attached to the sternum in the case of the true ribs, or to the superiorly adjacent ribs in the case of the upper false ribs. |
| hfk cell | Human fetal kidney primary culture. |
| microsporangium | The pollen sac of a seed plant in which pollen is produced. |
| neostriatum | The neostriatum is a compound structure comprised of the putamen and caudate nucleus. In birds, it also includes the high vocal center; it has evolved into a structure nowadays called nidopallium. |
| anterior lobe | The portion of the cerebellum lying in front of the primary fissure, comprising the lingula, central lobule, culmen, alae of central lobules, and quadrangular lobules. |
| longissimus thoracis | A muscle that arises as the middle and largest division of the sacrospinalis muscle, that is attached by some of its fibers to the lumbar vertebrae, that is inserted into all the thoracic vertebrae and the lower 9 or 10 ribs, and that depresses the ribs and with the longissimus cervicis extends the spinal column and bends it to one side. |
| colorectum | The colon and rectum considered as a unit. |
| hcn-1a cell | A human cortical neuronal cell line, established from a 18 months old female patient that suffered from unilateral megalencephaly. |
| metanephron | The primordium of the permanent kidney, which develops later than and caudal to the mesonephros, from the mesonephric duct and nephrogenic cord; Either member of the final and most caudal pair of the three successive pairs of vertebrate renal organs that functions as a permanent adult kidney in reptiles, birds, and mammals but is not present at all in lower forms. |
| bipolar cell | A type of neuron which has two extensions. Bipolar cells are specialized sensory neurons for the transmission of special senses. As such, they are part of the sensory pathways for smell, sight, taste, hearing and vestibular functions. |
| smg-c6 cell | Rat submandibular gland cell line. |
| scc-13 cell | Squamous cell carcinoma cell line. |
| t-lymphoblastoma cell | |
| bel-7402 cell | Human liver cancer cell line. |
| rheumatoid arthritis disease specific fibroblast-like synoviocyte | Fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) cultured from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissues. |
| secondary oocyte | The immature reproductive cell prior to fertilization; it is derived from an oogonium, and is called a primary oocyte prior to completion of the first maturation division, and a secondary oocyte between the first and second maturation division. |
| sebocyte | These cells form sebaceous glands. Sebocytes are epithelial cells that originate from a basal cell layer at the periphery of the gland. |
| uterine wall | |
| hippocampal pyramidal layer | A well-defined double layer of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus; their dendrites extend from the stratum oriens to the stratum moleculare. |
| duodenal mucosa | The duodenal mucosa (and that of the rest of the intestines) is classified as simple columnar. The cells rest on a basal lamina, which you may be able to make out in this image as a bright line underneath the cells. They sit over the lamina propria, the loose collagenous CT, filled with cells, that constitutes the core of each villus. |
| saf-1 cell | Gilt head seabream caudal fin cell line. It has been developed from the fin tissues of an adult gilt-head seabream (sparius aurata) without immortalising treatments. |
| cal-62 cell | Human thyroid anaplastic carcinoma cell line, established from the thyroid gland (right lobe) of a 70-year-old woman with thyroid anaplastic carcinoma in 1988; described as being tumorigenic in heterotransplanted nude mice. |
| enterocyte | Cell of the intestinal epithelium. |
| prostatic urethra | The prostatic part of the male urethra, about 2.5 cm in length, that traverses the prostate; it includes the seminal colliculus, and the ejaculatory and prostatic ducts open into it. |
| bsc-40 cell | Cercopithecus aethiops (African green monkey) epithelial kidney cell line. |
| blood-lymph | Lymph exuded from the blood vessels and not derived from the fluid in the tissue spaces. |
| mcf-10a cell | Human mammary epithelial cell line. |
| ailncap cell | A prostate cancer cell line, that proliferates under androgen-depleted conditions after emerging from long-term, androgen- depleted culture of the androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. |
| arterial endothelial cell | |
| chp-100 cell | Human neuroblastoma cell line. |
| rectal adenocarcinoma cell | |
| mnt-1 cell | Human melanoma cell line. |
| seax cell | The SeAx cell line is derived from peripheral blood of a patient with Sezary syndrome, a common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. |
| thymic medullary epithelium | |
| kaposi's sarcoma cell | A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the legs, toes, or feet, that slowly increase in size and number and spread to more proximal sites. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces mixed with aggregates of spindle-shaped cells; they may remain confined to skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. |
| skov cell | Ovarian cancer cell line. |
| rpmi-8866 cell | Human B lymphoid cell line, established from the peripheral blood of a 51-year-old American woman with chronic myelogenous leukemia in May 1966. |
| embryo | An animal in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems; especially: the developing human individual from the time of implantation to the end of the eighth week after conception. |
| oropharynx | The area of the throat that is at the back of the mouth. The oropharynx is in contrast to the nasopharynx, the part of the throat that lies behind the nose. |
| liver cancer stem cell | |
| esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell | Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of esophageal cancer, accounting for 95% of all esophageal cancers worldwide. |
| calcaneal bone | The irregular quadrangular bone at the back of the tarsus. |
| bronchiole | A minute thin-walled branch of a bronchus. |
| red bone marrow | Marrow of developing bone, of the ribs, vertebrae, and many of the smaller bones; it is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. |
| act-1 cell | Human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell line. |
| lymphoid progenitor cell | One of the two stem cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells, the other being the myeloid progenitor cell. Derived from these myeloid progenitor cells are the erythroid progenitor cells and the myeloid cells. |
| nhok cell | Normal human oral keratinocyte cell line. |
| hemocyte | A blood cell especially of an invertebrate animal. |
| neural plate | The thickened dorsal plate of ectoderm that differentiates into the neural tube and neural crest; Ectoderm on the dorsal surface of the early vertebrate embryo that gives rise to the cells (neurons and glia) of the nervous system. |
| ovarian cyst fluid | Ovarian cysts are small fluid-filled sacs that develop in a woman's ovaries. |
| spinal cord | The cord of nervous tissue that extends from the brain lengthwise along the back in the vertebral canal, gives off the pairs of spinal nerves, carries impulses to and from the brain, and serves as a center for initiating and coordinating many reflex acts. |
| soft body part | |
| na cell | Human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line. |
| kh2 cell | Murine embryonic stem cell line. |
| mature ovarian follicle | A liquid-filled cavity in a mammalian ovary containing a mature egg before ovulation. |
| bronchioalveolar carcinoma cell | A variant type of adenocarcinoma of the lung, with columnar to cuboidal epithelial cells lining the alveolar septa and projecting into alveolar spaces in branching papillary formations. |
| mitral cell layer | |
| nccit cell | Human pluripotent embryonal carcinoma, teratocarcinoma cell line; established in 1985 from a mediastinal mixed germ cell tumor of an adult Japanese male. This pluripotent stem cell line is capable of somatic and extraembryonic differentiation. |
| sw-1222 cell | Human colon carcinoma cell line. |
| ameloblastoma cell | A tumor of the jaw derived from remnants of the embryonic rudiment of tooth enamel. |
| mahlavu cell | Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. |
| vagina | A canal in a female mammal that leads from the uterus to the external orifice of the genital canal. |
| fl5.12 cell | FL5.12 cells are a murine pro-B-cell line derived from fetal liver, which undergo apoptotic cell death following IL-3 deprivation. |
| renal medulla | The inner section of the kidney. |
| nb-1691 cell | Human neuroblastoma cell line, established from a previously treated patient. |
| human aortic endothelial cell | Human aortic endothelial cell line. |
| kg-1 cell | Human acute myeloid leukemia, established from the bone marrow of a 59-year-old man with erythroleukemia that developped into acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at relapse in 1977; cells were described to form colonies in soft-agar in response to colony-stimulating factor. |
| fibroadenoma cell | A cell of adenoma containing fibrous tissue. |
| u-87mg cell | Human, Caucasian, brain, glioblastoma-astrocytoma cell line Morphology: epithelial-like; Species: human, Caucasian female 44 years old; Tissue: brain; Tumor: glioblastoma-astrocytoma. |
| skin mucus | The epidermal mucus of fish regulates swimming speed by controlling the hydrodynamic resistance of the skin surface. The mucus is also presumed to serve as a defence against pathogenic organisms and is intimately associated with osmoregulation. |
| neurolemma | The thin membrane spirally enwrapping the myelin layers of certain fibers, especially of peripheral nerves, or the axons of certain unmyelinated nerve fibers. |
| cos-1 cell | African green monkey kidney cell line; established from CV-1 Simian cells (cercopithecus aethiops) which were transformed by an origin-defective mutant of SV-40; cells are host cells for the propagation of pure populations of recombinant SV virus. |
| stomach | A dilatation of the alimentary canal of a vertebrate communicating anteriorly with the esophagus and posteriorly with the duodenum. |
| vaginal smooth muscle | |
| gynecophoral canal | The ventral slot in which the male schistosome carries the female. |
| plasmacytoma cell line | |
| umbilical vein endothelial cell line | |
| erythroleukemia cell | Cancer cell of the blood-forming tissues in which large numbers of immature, abnormal red blood cells are found in the blood and bone marrow. |
| s-180 cell | Mouse sarcoma cell line, from an adult mus musculus; Highly malignant mouse sarcoma cells, often passaged in ascites form. |
| left colon | The distal portion of the colon; it develops embryonically from the hindgut and functions in the storage and elimination of waste. |
| yellow bone marrow | Ordinary bone marrow of the kind in which the fat cells predominate. |
| n20.1 cell | Oligodendrocytic cell line. |
| nb-2 cell | Gout and co-workers (1980) established a permanent cell line (Nb2) of a pre-T rat lymphoma, derived from a transplantable tumor which arose in the lymph node of a male rat of the Noble strain treated with estrogen. |
| medial habenular nucleus | |
| corpus epididymis | The body of the epididymis. |
| adenoid | An enlarged mass of lymphoid tissue at the back of the pharynx characteristically obstructing breathing. |
| cerebral subcortex | That part of the brain substance underlying the cerebral cortex. |
| fibrosarcoma cell | Fibrosarcoma is a malignant tumour derived from connective tissue fibroblast. |
| colorectal mucosa | |
| malpighian tubule | Any of a group of long blind vessels opening into the posterior part of the alimentary canal in most insects and some other arthropods and functioning primarily as excretory organs. |
| elt-3 cell | Eker rat uterine leiomyoma-derived cell line. |
| plant mucous cell | |
| caski cell | Human cervical carcinoma cell line; established from a 40 years old caucasian female. |
| exocuticle | The outer layer of the procuticle of certain crustaceans and arthropods, which contains cuticulin, chitin, and phenolic substances that are oxidized to produce the dark pigment of the cuticle; The hard and usually darkened layer of the cuticle lying between the endocuticle and epicuticle. |
| mesangial cell | Cell found within the glomerular lobules of mammalian kidney, where they serve as structural supports, may regulate blood flow, are phagocytic, and may act as accessory cells, presenting antigen in immune responses. |
| extrastriate cortex | The term visual cortex refers to the primary visual cortex and extrastriate visual cortical areas such as V2, V3, V4, and V5. The extrastriate cortical areas consist of Brodmann area 18 and Brodmann area 19. There is a visual cortex for each hemisphere of the brain. The left hemisphere visual cortex receives signals from the right visual field and the right visual cortex from the left visual field. |
| mda-mb-453 cell | Human breast carcinoma cell line; established from an effusion of a 48-year-old woman with breast carcinoma in 1976. |
| gref-x cell | Immortalized human hepatic stellate cell line. |
| trophoblast stem cell | Tanaka et al have reported that a culture of mouse blastocysts or early postimplantation trophoblasts in the presence of FGF-4 permits the isolation of permanent trophoblast stem cell lines. |
| cervical mucus | A substance produced by the cervix and endocervical glands. |
| inflorescence stalk | The inflorescence stalk is the main stem of the inflorescence that connects to the plant. |
| chromaffin cell | A type of amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation cells that stain readily with chromium salts, their cytoplasmic granules taking on a characteristic brown color; they are found especially in cells of the adrenal medulla and in paraganglia of the coccygeal gland and carotid gland, along the sympathetic nerves, and in various organs. They contain chromaffin granules. |
| pharyngeal mucosa | |
| t2 cell | Human-human somatic cell hybrid cell line, established by PEG-mediated fusion of the B-lymphoblastoid cell line LCL 721.174 with an 8-azaguanine and ouabain-resistant variant of the T-LCL CEM. Subclone of the T1 cell line which has lost both CEM(R)-derived copies of chromosome 6. |
| kc cell | Drosophila embryo cell line. |
| neural cord | It gives rise to the secondary neural tube by cavitation in human embryos. |
| dental follicle | The structure within the developing alveolar bone of the jaws enclosing the tooth germ. |
| vascular endothelium | The innermost lining of a blood vessel. |
| liposarcoma cell | A malignant tumor that arises in fat cells in deep soft tissue, such as that inside the thigh. Most frequent in middle-aged and older adults (age 40 and above), liposarcomas are the most common of all soft-tissue sarcomas. |
| cranial ganglion | |
| thp-1 cell | Human acute monocytic leukemia established from the peripheral blood of a 1-year-old boy with acute monocytic leukemia (AML) at relapse in 1978; the cells can be used for induction of differentiation studies; the cells were described to produce lysozyme and to be phagocytic. |
| corona | An appendage or series of united appendages on the inner side of the corolla in some flowers (as the daffodil, jonquil, or milkweed). |
| axopodium | A long and slender, semipermanent type of locomotor pseudopodium that has a central axial filament composed of a bundle of microtubules. |
| throat | 1: The part of the neck in front of the spinal column. 2: The passage through the neck to the stomach and lungs. |
| omasum | The third division of the stomach of a ruminant animal, located between the abomasum and the reticulum. |
| supraoptic nucleus | A sharply defined nucleus of nerve cells in the anterior hypothalamic region, immediately above the lateral part of the optic chiasm; many of its cells are neurosecretory in function, secreting vasopressin, which is carried to the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) by the fibers of the supraopticohypophysial tract; other cells are osmoreceptors, which respond to increased osmotic pressure to signal the release of vasopressin by the neurohypophysis. |
| garland cell | The garland cell of Drosophila is a nephrocyte which takes up waste products from the haemolymph. |
| plant form | |
| yt cell | Human T/NK cell leukemia cell line, established from the pericardial fluid of a 15-year-old man with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at relapse (with accompanying thymoma) in 1983. |
| reticuloendothelial system | A diffuse system of cells of varying lineage that include especially the macrophages and the phagocytic endothelial cells lining blood sinuses and that were originally grouped together because of their supposed phagocytic properties based on their ability to take up the vital dye trypan blue. |
| mantle cavity | Within the shell is a fleshy layer of tissue called the mantle; there is a cavity (the mantle cavity) between the mantle and the body wall proper. |
| clove | One of the small bulbs (as in garlic) developed in the axils of the scales of a large bulb. |
| uterine anchor cell | In Caenorhabditis elegans, uterine-vulval connection is established by the activity of a single cell, the anchor cell (AC), that lies at the interface between the ectodermal vulva and the mesodermal uterus. |
| b95-8 cell | Marmoset monkey lymphocytes, established from peripheral blood lymphocytes of a marmoset monkey (saguinus oedipus); cells were described to release high titers of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) providing a source for transformation of B cells and establishment of continuous cell lines; this cell line has been assigned by the ZKBS (German Central Commission for Biological Safety) to risk group 2. |
| atrkd cell | Human osteosarcoma-derived U2OS cell line. |
| amelanotic melanoma cell | A cell of unpigmented malignant melanoma. |
| hkesc-1 cell | Human esophageal cancer cell line, established from a primary moderately-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus from a 47-year-old Hong Kong Chinese man. |
| catecholaminergic neuron | Neuron activated by or secreting catecholamines. |
| umbilical vein | A vein that passes through the umbilical cord to the fetus and returns the oxygenated and nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus. |
| neurula | An embryo at an early stage of development in which neurulation begins. |
| hematopoietic system | The tissues concerned in production of the blood, including the bone marrow, liver, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus. |
| motoneuron | A neuron with a motor function; an efferent neuron conveying motor impulses. |
| prostate gland epithelium | Normal prostatic epithelium is composed of basal and luminal cells. |
| embryonic axis | The main root or shoot body of a seedling. The embryo of mature seeds of Pisum sativum consists of the embryonic axis and the cotyledons. |
| bacteroid | An irregularly shaped bacterium (as a rhizobium) found especially in root nodules of legumes. |
| occipital pole | The most posterior promontory of each cerebral hemisphere; the apex of the occipital lobe. |
| follicular dendritic cell line | |
| synovial sarcoma cell | A cell of a malignant neoplasm arising in the synovial membrane of the joints and also in synovial cells of tendons and bursae. |
| lung fibroblast | |
| ovca-432 cell | Human epithelial ovarian cancer cell line. |
| small intestine epithelium | |
| siphon | Any of various tubular organs in animals and especially mollusks or arthropods that are used for drawing in or ejecting fluids. |
| b-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell | A rare subtype consisting of lymphoblasts that express surface immunoglobulins and have a chromosomal translocation similar to that of Burkitt's lymphoma. |
| nasal mucosa | The mucosa, or mucous membrane, is a type of tissue that lines the nasal cavity. Mucous membranes are usually moist tissues that are bathed by secretions such as in the nose. |
| gut wall | |
| sw-900 cell | Human lung squamous cell carcinoma grade IV. The tumor originated in the lung of a 53 year old male Caucasian. |
| rous sarcoma cell | A cell type of avian sarcoma transmitted by a retrovirus; it metastasizes freely and is sometimes highly lethal. Experimental inoculation into other fowls produces similar growths. This was the first sarcoma known to be caused by a virus. |
| nci-h226 cell | Non-small cell lung cancer cell line. |
| hindgut | The caudal portion of the embryonic alimentary canal in vertebrates. |
| fascia dentata | The fascia dentata is the earliest stage of the hippocampal circuit. The fascia dentata and the hilus together make up the dentate gyrus. |
| carotid artery | A key artery located in the front of the neck that carries blood from the heart to the brain. Cholesterol plaques on the inner wall of the carotid artery can lead to stroke. |
| pars distalis | The distal part of adenohypophysis: the part that makes up the main body of the gland. |
| morris hepatoma cell | |
| melanotroph | A pituitary cell type that elaborates melanocyte-stimulating hormone and beta-endorphins. Melanotrophs are abundant in animals that have a pars intermedia adenohypophyseos; humans have very few. |
| spleen | A highly vascular ductless organ that is located in the left abdominal region near the stomach or intestine of most vertebrates and is concerned with final destruction of red blood cells, filtration and storage of blood, and production of lymphocytes. |
| embryonic stem cell | Totipotent cell cultured from early embryo. Have the advantage that following modification in vitrothey can be used to produce chimeric embryos and thus transgenic animals. |
| lx-1 cell | Immortalized human hepatic stellate cell line. |
| embryonic brain cortex cell line | |
| face | That part of the head, especially of man, in which the eyes, cheeks, nose, and mouth are situated. |
| aorta thoracica smooth muscle | |
| subcutaneous adipose tissue | Adipose tissue which is found underneath the skin. |
| ceratobranchial | A long, deep, endochondral bone in the middle portion of the gill arches between the epibranchials and the hypobranchials. There are usually 5 pairs of ceratobranchials, absent in some Anguillidae, Polypterus and Calamoichthys. The fifth pair of ceratobranchialas are modified in Cypriniformes and Siluriformes into a strong, tooth-bearing bone called the inferior pharyngobranchial bone. |
| ovarian epithelial cell | |
| enteric plexus | A plexus of autonomic nerve fibers within the wall of the digestive tube, and made up of the submucosal, myenteric, and subserosal plexuses; it contains visceral afferent fibers, sympathetic postganglionic fibers, parasympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic fibers, and parasympathetic postganglionic cell bodies. |
| ccrf-hsb-2 cell | Human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line. |
| infundibulum | The hollow conical process of gray matter by which the pituitary gland is continuous with the brain. |
| plant parenchyma | A tissue of higher plants that consists of thin-walled living photosynthetic or storage cells capable of division even when mature and that makes up much of the substance of leaves and roots, the pulp of fruits, and parts of stems and supporting structures. |
| hodgkin lymphoma cell line | A disease of the lymph nodes named after the English physician Thomas Hodgkin. |
| chop cell | Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing polyoma LT antigen. |
| rh-4 cell | Human alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cell line. |
| prostate gland cancer cell | A malignant tumour cell of glandular origin in the prostate. Over 95% are adenocarcinomas. |
| 184b5 cell | The 184A1N4 and 184B5 cell lines are nontumorigenic cell lines derived from primary cultures of HMECs that were immortalized with benzo(a)pyrene. |
| tubercle | The adult male dorsal surface of Schistosoma is covered in small bosses called tubercles that provide purchase against the blood vessel wall when the worm is crawling up the mesenteric veins carrying the female in its ventral groove. Each tubercle has a thin, 2-3 micron, covering of the syncytial tegument. Enclosed entirely within the tegument cytoplasm of the tubercle are a series of spines, made of actin, which assist in gripping the blood vessel. The tegument is normally closely apposed to the underlying circular muscle layer, and separated from it only by an extracellular matrix of collagen fibres. The tubercle is the exception, where the tegument is lifted up by numerous extensions of parenchymal cells. The parenchymal cell bodies lie below the muscle layers and send out narrow extensions of cytoplasm which insinuate between the muscles to form the packing for the tubercle. |
| plant vessel | One of the tubular conductive vessels in the xylem of vascular plants. |
| sickle cell | An erythrocyte shaped like a sickle or crescent owing to the presence of hemoglobin S, seen in sickle cell anemia and other sickle cell diseases. |
| ddt1-mf-2 cell | Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) ductus deferens smooth muscle cell line established from a leiomyosarcoma. |
| plumule | The primary bud of a plant embryo usually situated at the apex of the hypocotyl and consisting of leaves and an epicotyl. |
| g-361 cell | Homo sapiens (human); skin; malignant melanoma cell line; established from a 31 year old caucasian male. |
| kms-11 cell | Multiple myeloma cell line. |
| tarsal bone | Any of the seven bones of the tarsus. The seven bones constituting the articulation between the foot and the leg-the talus, calcaneus, and navicular, in the proximal row; and the cuboid and the lateral, intermediate, and medial cuneiform bones, in the distal row. |
| preoptic area | The most anterior part of the hypothalamus, lying adjacent to the lamina terminalis and superior to the optic chiasm, and comprising the lateral and medial preoptic nuclei, the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei; and the anterior hypothalamic nucleus. |
| 8305c cell | Human thyroid carcinoma cell line, established from the primary tumor of a 67-year-old woman with primary thyroid undifferentiated carcinoma. |
| chronic myeloid leukemia cell | Neoplasia of myeloid stem cells, commonest in middle-aged or elderly people, characterized by excessive numbers of circulating leucocytes, most commonly neutrophils (or precursors), but occasionally eosinophils or basophils. |
| hme cell | Human mammary epithelial cell line. |
| colonic adenocarcinoma cell | A cell of an adenocarcinoma of the colon is a malignant neoplastic epithelial lesion, arising from the colonic mucosa. |
| dorsal lip | The margin of the fold of blastula wall that delineates the dorsal limit of the blastopore, constitutes the primary organizer, and forms the point of origin of chordamesoderm. |
| vastus lateralis | The division of the quadriceps muscle that covers the outer anterior aspect of the femur, arises chiefly from the femur, and inserts into the outer border of the patella by a flat tendon which blends with that of the other divisions of the muscle and sends an expansion to the capsule of the knee. |
| sr-3y1 cell | 3Y1 cell line transformed by Rous sarcoma virus. |
| pterygium | A fleshy mass of thickened conjunctiva that grows over part of the cornea usually from the inner side of the eyeball and causes a disturbance of vision. |
| bv-2 cell | Murine microglial cell line. |
| jaw | 1: Either of two bony or cartilaginous structures that in most vertebrates form the framework of the mouth and hold the teeth. 2: Any of various structures of invertebrates that have an analogous function to vertebrate jaws. |
| anterior pharynx | |
| lens cortex | The portion of the crystalline lens surrounding the nucleus and bound anteriorly by the epithelium and posteriorly by the capsule. It contains lens fibers and amorphous, intercellular substance. |
| femorotibial joint | One of the two primary bendings of a typical leg, pertains to the femur and the tibia. |
| mat-ly-lu cell | Rat prostate cancer cell line. |
| ml-2 cell | Human acute myelomonocytic leukemia cell line; established from the peripheral blood of a 26-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia (AML M4) at diagnosis of AML (following T-non-Hodgkin lymphoma and T-ALL) in 1978; sister cell lines are ML-1 and ML-3. |
| cervical carcinoma cell | A cancer cell of the uterine cervix (the neck of the uterus). |
| arpe cell | Adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line. |
| left testicular vein | A vein that drains the left pampiniform plexus and empties into the left renal vein. |
| fanconi anemia lymphoid cell line | |
| widr cell | Human, colon, adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| shell gland | 1: A glandular organ in which the rudimentary shell is formed in embryonic mollusks. 2: A glandular organ which secretes the eggshells of various worms, crustacea, mollusks, etc. |
| gastric pit | Any of he numerous pits in the gastric mucosa marking the openings of the gastric glands. |
| laryngeal cell line | |
| esophageal gland | One of the racemose glands in the walls of the esophagus that in humans are small and serve principally to lubricate the food but in some birds secrete a milky fluid on which the young are fed. |
| male urethra | The tube through which urine leaves the body. It empties urine from the bladder. |
| zl-34 cell | Human pleural mesothelioma cell line. |
| primitive neuroectodermal tumor cell line | |
| joint | The point of contact between elements of an animal skeleton with the parts that surround and support it. |
| ppc-1 cell | Human prostate cancer cell line. |
| metacercaria | A tailless encysted late larva of a trematode parasite that is usually the form which is infective for the definitive host. |
| extensor digitorum longus | A pennate muscle on the lateral part of the front of the leg that extends the four small toes and dorsally flexes and pronates. |
| b-lymphoblastoma cell | |
| head kidney | The kidney of the channel catfish is completely separated into the head and trunk kidneys. The head kidney is involved in endocrine and hemopoietic functions and the trunk kidney functions primarily as part of the excretory system. |
| medial temporal lobe | The medial temporal lobes are near the Sagittal plane that divides left and right cerebral hemispheres and are thought to be involved in episodic, declarative memory. |
| hct-115 cell | Human colon cancer cell line. |
| ccd-19lu cell | Human normal lung fibroblast cell line; established from a 20-years-old caucasian female. |
| uroepithelial cell line | |
| leaf tip | The outer end of a leaf; the end that is opposite the petiole. |
| 95c cell | Low metastatic human giant-cell lung carcinoma cell line. |
| ktc-1 cell | Human undifferentiated thyroid cancer cell line. |
| wish cell | Human amnion cell line with HeLa markers. |
| flavedo | Oil exists in the yellow layer of the peel of the lemon which is known as the flavedo. It is found in balloon-like cells called oil glands. |
| intestinal cancer cell line | |
| phloem parenchyma cell | |
| chorionic cell line | |
| gfshr-17 cell | Immortalized cell line of primary granulosa cells, isolated from 25-day-old immature rats and transfected with SV40 DNA, Ha-as, and FSH receptor expression plasmid. |
| longissimus capitis | A long slender muscle between the longissimus cervicis and the semispinalis capitis that arises by tendons from the upper thoracic and lower cervical vertebrae, is inserted into the posterior margin of the mastoid process, and extends the head and bends and rotates it to one side. |
| arachnoid mater | A delicate membrane that encloses the spinal cord and brain and lies between the pia mater and dura mater. |
| nucleus accumbens | A nucleus forming the floor of the caudal part of the anterior prolongation of the lateral ventricle of the brain. |
| oral squamous cell carcinoma cell | |
| cl1 lung adenocarcinoma cell | The human lung cancer cell line CL1 was established from a 64-yr-old man with a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. |
| blastula | The usually spherical structure produced by cleavage of a zygote, consisting of a single layer of cells (blastoderm) surrounding a fluid-filled cavity (blastocoele). |
| caryopsis | Simple, dry, indehiscent fruit with a single seed that is fused to the ovary wall, example: wheat. |
| hela cell | Human cervix carcinoma established from the epitheloid cervix carcinoma of a 31-year-old black woman in 1951. Later diagnosis changed to adenocarcinoma, first aneuploid, continuously cultured human cell line. |
| human amniotic epithelial cell | |
| rectal gland | An evagination of the terminal portion of the intestine of Elasmobranchii. Function formerly thought to be related to digestion or excretion, but now considered to secrete high concentrations of excess sodium chloride. Found also in the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae. |
| cerebral artery | Any of the arteries supplying blood to the cerebral cortex. |
| stem juice | The stem juice of Musa paradisiaca L. is used in traditional medical practice in Ghana to arrest bleeding from wound. The outer green part of the stem was peeled off and its white inner portion was cut into small pieces (500g). The pieces were crushed mechanically and the juice about 300mL was extracted. |
| leydig cell tumor cell | The most common nongerminal tumor of the testis, derived from the Leydig cells of the testis; such tumors are rarely malignant. |
| karpas-299 cell | Human T cell lymphoma cell line; established from the peripheral blood of a 25-year-old man with T cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 1986; now classified as CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). |
| fhc cell | Human normal colon cell line from a 13 weeks gestation. |
| bg-1 cell | Ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| breast cell line | |
| bl-41 cell | Human Burkitt lymphoma cell line; established from the tumor tissue of an 8-year-old Caucasian boy with Burkitt lymphoma. |
| hippocampal cell line | |
| tibial cartilage | Cartilage pertaining to the tibia. |
| mc57 cell | C57BL/6-derived methylcholantrene-induced fibrosarcoma cell line. |
| visual cortex | The area of the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex concerned with vision; it consists of the first visual area or striate cortex (Brodmann's area 17) and two other areas, the second visual area or parastriate area (Brodmann's area 18) and the third visual area or peristriate area (Brodmann's area 19). |
| pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line | |
| a-549 cell | Human lung carcinoma established from an explanted lung tumor which was removed from a 58-year-old Caucasian man in 1972; cells were described to induce tumors in athymic mice and to synthesize lecithin. |
| goto cell | Human glioblastoma cell line. |
| epithelial ovarian cancer cell | Cancer that occurs in the cells on the surface of the ovary. |
| lung adenocarcinoma cell line | |
| cerebrovascular endothelial cell | Endothelial cell of or involving the cerebrum and the blood vessels supplying it. |
| vaginal fluid | The lubrication fluid contains water, pyridine, squalene, urea, acetic acid, lactic acid, complex alcohols and glycols, ketones, and aldehydes. The fluid is typically clear and more resembling of male pre-ejaculate than male ejaculate. The normal pH of vaginal fluid is between 3.8 and 4.5, whereas male semen is typically between 7.1 and 8. |
| hip joint | The articulation between the femur and the innominate bone. |
| antler | One of the paired deciduous solid bone processes that arise from the frontal bone on the head of an animal of the deer family; also : a branch of an antler. |
| optic lobe | Either of two prominences of the midbrain concerned with vision. |
| thalamus | The largest subdivision of the diencephalon that consists chiefly of an ovoid mass of nuclei in each lateral wall of the third ventricle and functions in the integration of sensory information. |
| m-07 cell | Human megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line. |
| stratum intermedium | The stratum intermedium in a developing tooth is a layer of two or three cells between the inner enamel epithelium and the newly forming cells of the stellate reticulum. This layer, along with the inner enamel epithelium, is responsible for the tooth enamel formation. It is a part of the dental (enamel) organ. |
| chlorenchyma | Chlorophyll-containing parenchyma of plants. |
| lymphoblastoma cell | A cell of any of several diseases of lymph nodes marked by the formation of tumorous masses composed of mature or immature lymphocytes. |
| medulla oblongata | The part of the vertebrate brain that is continuous posteriorly with the spinal cord and that contains the centers controlling involuntary vital functions. |
| hec-1-b cell | This is a substrain of HEC-1-A. |
| cecum | The first part of the large intestine, forming a dilated pouch into which open the ileum, colon, and appendix vermiformis. |
| choroid | The dark-brown vascular coat of the eye between the sclera and the retina. |
| horizontal cell | Horizontal cells are the laterally interconnecting neurons in the outer plexiform layer of the retina of mammalian eyes. They help integrate and regulate the input from multiple photoreceptor cells. Among their functions, horizontal cells are responsible for allowing eyes to adjust to see well under both bright and dim light conditions. |
| male reproductive gland | |
| pyloric stomach | The pyloric ceca (or digestive glands) and the cardiac stomach produce digestive enzymes in starfishes. |
| renal corpuscle | A mass of arterial capillaries enveloped in a capsule and attached to a tubule in the kidney. |
| ovarian follicle | A vesicle in the mammalian ovary that contains a developing egg surrounded by a covering of cells. But there are also insect ovarian follicle cells. |
| adductor | Any of three powerful triangular muscles that contribute to the adduction of the human thigh. |
| exocrine pancreas | That part of the pancreas that acts as an exocrine gland, consisting of the pancreatic acini, which produce pancreatic juice and secrete it into the duodenum to aid in protein digestion. |
| tramp-c1 cell | This cell line was derived in 1996 from a heterogeneous 32 week primary tumor in the prostate of a PB-Tag C57BL/6 (TRAMP) mouse. |
| medullary collecting duct | Medullary collecting ducts are divided into outer and inner segments, the latter reaching more deeply into the medulla. The variable reabsorption of water and, depending on fluid balances and hormonal influences, the reabsorption or secretion of sodium, potassium, hydrogen and bicarbonate ion continues here. |
| aortic root | The part of the aorta attached to the atrioventricular fibrous rings and myocardium. |
| heart ventricle | A chamber of the heart which receives blood from a corresponding atrium and from which blood is forced into the arteries. |
| lama-87 cell | Human chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis, derivative of LAMA-84; subclone LAMA-87 was obtained after subcutaneous transplantation of LAMA-84 cells into estrone-treated nude mice. |
| gametangium | A structure in which gametes are produced. |
| rosette | A cluster of leaves in crowded circles or spirals arising basally from a crown, as in the dandelion, or apically from an axis with greatly shortened internodes, as in many tropical palms. |
| mbt-2 cell | MBT-2 is a mouse transitional cell carcinoma cell line induced by the carcinogen N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]_formamide_(FANFT). |
| fasciolar gyrus | A posterior and upward extension of the dentate gyrus, forming a transitional area between the dentate gyrus and the indusium griseum. |
| primary root | The main root of a plant is called the primary root; others are called secondary roots. |
| vallate papilla | The largest papilla of the tongue, 8 to 12 in number, arranged in the form of a V anterior to the sulcus terminalis of the tongue. |
| osteosarcoma cell | A cell of a sarcoma derived from bone or containing bone tissue. |
| mopc-315 cell | Mouse B lymphocyte; plasmacytoma; myeloma. MOPC 315 plasmacytoma was induced with mineral oil in a BALB/c mouse. |
| myeloblast | A large mononuclear nongranular bone-marrow cell; especially: one that is a precursor of a myelocyte. |
| snuot-rb1 cell | The cell line was established from an eye with retinoblastoma, which was enucleated from a 3-year-old Korean child. |
| caco-2/15 cell | Human colon carcinoma cell line. |
| tube foot | One of the numerous external, fluid-filled muscular tubes of echinoderms, such as the starfish or sea urchin, serving as organs of locomotion, food handling, and respiration. |
| parotid gland duct epithelium | |
| peribronchial gland | There are serous cells in the peribronchial gland of the lung. |
| nci-h295r cell | NCI-H295R was adapted from the NCI-H295 pluripotent adrenocortical carcinoma cell line established by A.F. Gazdar and associates from a carcinoma of the adrenal cortex. |
| hsc-3 cell | Human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line. |
| snu-484 cell | Human gastric cancer cell line. |
| mucilage | A gelatinous substance of various plants (as legumes or seaweeds) that contains protein and polysaccharides and is similar to plant gums . |
| 22rv-1 cell | Human prostate carcinoma cell line; derived from a human prostate carcinoma xenograft (CWR22R) that was serially propagated in nude mice after castration-induced regression and relapse of the parental, androgen-dependent CWR22 xenograft. |
| white prepupa | In Drosophila metamorphosis there is a 15 minute period after puparium formation, during which the cuticle is white. At this stage, the animal is called a white prepupa. |
| a-673 cell | Human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line; established from a 15 years old female. |
| mel wei cell | Melanoma cell line derived from a primary tumor. |
| submucosal gland | Gland of the lamina epithelialis mucosae which perforate the lamina muscularis, with their adenomeres located in the submucosal connective tissue. |
| chorionic plate | That portion of the chorionic wall in the region of its uterine attachment, which gives rise to chorionic villi; it consists of the mesoderm that lines the chorionic vesicle and, on the maternal side, of the trophoblast that lines the intervillous spaces; in the last half of gestation, the mesodermal connective tissue is largely replaced by fibrinoid material, and the amnionic membrane is adherent to the fetal side of the plate. |
| tk-6 cell | Human lymphoblastoid cell line. |
| cerebral hemisphere | Either of the two hollow convoluted lateral halves of the cerebrum. |
| olfactory tract | A nervelike, white band composed primarily of nerve fibres originating from the mitral cells and tufted cells of the olfactory bulb but also containing the scattered cells of the anterior olfactory nucleus. |
| metatarsal bone | Any of the five bones extending from the tarsus to the phalanges of the toes, being numbered in the same sequence from the most medial to the most lateral. |
| leaf collar | A thin band of intercalary meristematic tissue at the junction of the leaf blade (lamina) and the leaf sheath found in grasses. |
| nucleus preopticus | The nucleus preopticus (NPO) of the hypothalamus of common carp, is a homolog of the paraventricular nucleus of mammals. |
| rectal cell line | |
| nuchal ligament | A broad, fibrous, roughly triangular sagittal septum in the back of the neck, separating the right and left sides. It extends from the tips of the spinous processes of all the cervical vertebrae to attach to the entire length of the external occipital crest. Caudally it is continuous with the supraspinous ligament. |
| enteric nervous system | Two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gallbladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation. |
| swiss-3t3 cell | An immortal line of fibroblast like cells established from whole trypsinised embryos of Swiss mice (not an inbred stock) under conditions that favour establishment of cells with low saturation density in culture. |
| germinal disc | A flattish area in a blastocyst in which the first traces of the embryo are seen, visible early in the second week in human development. |
| head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line | Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. |
| intestinal cell line | |
| mkn-7 cell | Well differentiated human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| extraocular muscle | Any of six small voluntary muscles that pass between the eyeball and the orbit and control the movement of the eyeball in relation to the orbit. |
| peripheral blood lymphocyte | Peripheral blood lymphocytes are mature lymphocytes that circulate in the blood, rather than localising to organs, such as the spleen or lymph nodes. They comprise T cells, NK cells and B cells. |
| follicular thyroid cancer cell line | |
| adrenal medulla | The inner, reddish-brown portion of the adrenal glands that synthesizes, stores, and releases epinephrine and norepinephrine. |
| mda-mb-231 cell | Human caucasian, breast adenocarcinoma cell line; established from a 51-years-old caucasian female; Tissue: breast; Tumor: adenocarcinoma; Derived from: pleural effusion. |
| m10 cell | Human melanoma cell line. |
| pancreatic islet | Irregular microscopic structures scattered throughout the pancreas and comprising its endocrine part (the endocrine pancreas). In humans, they are composed of at least four types of cells: the alpha cells, which secrete glucagon; the beta cells, which are the most abundant and secrete insulin; the delta cells, which secrete somatostatin; and the PP cells, which secrete pancreatic polypeptide. Degeneration of the beta cells, whose secretion (insulin) is important in carbohydrate metabolism, is the major cause of type I diabetes mellitus. |
| liver sinusoidal endothelial cell | Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) constitute the sinusoidal wall, also called the endothelium, or endothelial lining. |
| feather | Any of the light horny epidermal outgrowths that form the external covering of the body of birds and that consist of a shaft bearing on each side a series of barbs which bear barbules which in turn bear barbicels commonly ending in hooked hamuli and interlocking with the barbules of an adjacent barb to link the barbs into a continuous vane. |
| cytotoxic t-lymphocyte | Subset of T-lymphocytes (mostly CD8+) responsible for lysing target cells and for killing virus-infected cells. |
| patu-8988 cell | Human pancreatic cancer cell line. |
| mesenteric vein | One of the large veins which return blood from the intestines. |
| uterine lavage | A uterine lavage is a aseptic procedure whereby a sterile solution, usually physiologic saline is infused into the uterus and then allowed to flow out via a sterile catheter placed through the mare's cervix. |
| brain cancer cell | Cancer cell of the central information processing center of the body. Tumors in the brain can be malignant or benign, and can occur at any age. Only malignant tumors are cancerous. Primary brain tumors cancer initially forms in the brain tissue. Secondary brain tumors cancers are cancers that have spread to the brain tissue (metastasized) from elsewhere in the body. Secondary brain cancer is named for the organ or tissue in which the cancer begins, such as lung cancer with secondary brain metastasis. |
| ruminal fluid | |
| pancreatic ductal carcinoma cell | Carcinoma that arises from the pancreatic ducts. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the pancreas. |
| dental papilla | A small mass of condensed mesenchymal tissue in the enamel organ, which differentiates into the dentin and dental pulp. |
| pericarp | The ripened and variously modified walls of a plant ovary. |
| procambium | The part of the primary meristem of a plant that forms cambium and primary vascular tissues. |
| plant cell line | |
| glycogen cell | The junctional zone of the mouse placenta consists of two main trophoblast populations, spongiotrophoblasts and glycogen cells (GCs), but the development and function of both cell types are unknown. |
| peripheral nerve sheath cancer cell | A peripheral nerve sheath tumor (PNST) is a nerve sheath tumor in the peripheral nervous system. |
| etiolated plant tissue | Etiolation: growth habit adopted by germinating seedlings in the dark. Involves rapid extension of shoot and/or hypocotyl and suppression of chlorophyll formation and leaf growth. |
| olfactory nerve | Collective term denoting the numerous olfactory filaments: slender fascicles each composed of the thin, unmyelinated axons of 8 to 12 of the bipolar olfactory receptor cells in the olfactory portion of the nasal mucosa; the olfactory filaments pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and enter the olfactory bulb, where they terminate in synaptic contact with mitral cells, tufted cells, and granule cells. |
| eleocyte | (Annelida) Free fatty globules, yellow or transparent, inodorous or evil-smelling, in the coelom; emitted by the dorsal pores when the worm is irritated. |
| pericardial fluid | A fluid found in small amounts in the potential space between the parietal and visceral laminae of the serous pericardium. |
| hec-1-a cell | This line was isolated in 1968 and associates from a patient with stage IA endometrial cancer. |
| bulb | A resting stage of a plant (as the lily, onion, hyacinth, or tulip) that is usually formed underground and consists of a short stem base bearing one or more buds enclosed in overlapping membranous or fleshy leaves. |
| vascular bundle | A strand of primary conductive plant tissue consisting essentially of xylem and phloem. |
| neuroblast | Any embryonic cell which develops into a nerve cell or neuron; an immature nerve cell. |
| plant tumor tissue | |
| stem nodule | Rhizobia interact symbiotically with leguminous plants by inducing nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots. Some plants of the genus Aeschynomene, encountered in waterlogged soils or riverbanks, have the peculiar property of forming stem nodules. This very unusual behavior among leguminous plants is shared only with a few species of the genera Sesbania, Neptunia, and Discolobium. |
| hair follicle bulge stem cell | The putative bulge stem cells can contribute to the epidermis, outer root sheath, inner root sheath, hair shaft and sebaceous gland. |
| spadix | A floral spike with a fleshy or succulent axis usually enclosed in a spathe. |
| mucous acinar cell | |
| substantia nigra cell line | |
| inflorescence meristem | The relatively undifferentiated, dividing plant tissue that gives rise to the inflorescence. |
| cerebellar purkinje cell | Large neurons in the cerebellar cortex that have piriform cell bodies in the Purkinje layer (the stratum purkinjense cerebelli) and large branching dendrite trees going through the outer (molecular) layer towards the surface. |
| ut-7 cell | Human acute myeloid leukemia established from the bone marrow of a 64-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia (AML M7) at diagnosis in 1988; cells are constitutively cytokine-dependent and responsive to various cytokines. |
| basal cell | One of the innermost cells of the deeper epidermis of the skin. |
| ameloblast | A cylindrical epithelial cell in the innermost layer of the enamel organ which takes part in the elaboration of the enamel prism. The ameloblasts cover the dental papilla. |
| ku-1 cell | Human bladder carcinoma cell line. |
| groin | In anatomy, the area where the upper thigh meets the trunk. More precisely, the fold or depression marking the juncture of the lower abdomen and the inner part of the thigh. |
| ventral nerve cord | The pair of closely united ventral longitudinal nerves with their segmental ganglia that is characteristic of many elongate invertebrates (as earthworms). |
| colonic adenoma cell | |
| epicuticle | An outermost waxy layer of the insect exoskeleton. |
| myelomonocytic leukemia cell | One of the more common types of acute myelogenous leukemia, characterized by both malignant monocytes and myeloblasts; it usually affects middle aged to older adults. |
| mv4-11 cell | Human acute myelocytic leukemia cell line. |
| kernel | The inner softer part of a seed, fruit stone, or nut. |
| hs-sultan cell | Human Caucasian plasma cell plasmacytoma cell line. Derived from a plasmacytoma of a 56 year old with IgG multiple myeloma. |
| neuron | A grayish or reddish granular cell with specialized processes that is the fundamental functional unit of nervous tissue. |
| non-small cell lung cancer cell | A general term comprising all lung carcinomas except small cell carcinoma, and including adenocarcinoma of the lung, large cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. |
| juice vesicle | The membranous and fluid-filled cell in a plant. |
| granular insular cortex | The insular cortex has regions of variable cell structure or cytoarchitecture, changing from granular in the posterior portion to agranular in the anterior portion. |
| wss-1 cell | This line was derived from the human embryonic kidney line 293, transfected with an expression plasmid containing cDNA encoding the rat GABA-A receptor alpha 1, beta 2 and gamma 2 subunits. |
| oxyntic cell | Cells of the gastric glands which secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor. |
| b-lymphocyte | Any of the lymphocytes that have antibody molecules on the surface and comprise the antibody-secreting plasma cells when mature. |
| principal cell | For the collecting ducts, the specific cell type is the principal cell. |
| nephridium | A tubular glandular excretory organ characteristic of various invertebrates. |
| vascular bud | An outgrowth of an existing vessel from which a new blood vessel arises. |
| uci-101 cell | Human ovarian cancer cell line. |
| ht-22 cell | Mouse hippocampal cell line. |
| respiratory epithelium | Epithelium of the respiratory portion of the bronchial tree. |
| mda-mb-435 cell | Human breast cancer cell line that expresses high levels of seprase as do the carcinoma cells in tumors of human breast cancer patients. |
| oral cancer cell line | |
| spiral organ cell line | |
| detrusor | The outer largely longitudinally arranged musculature of the bladder wall. |
| schneider-2 cell | Insect - fruitfly (Drosophila melanogaster) cell line, established from the late embryo of a Drosophila melanogaster (fruitfly) in 1972; originally the cells were diploid with 5-10% XY, currently the cell line has only XX cells that are now 60-80% tetraploid. |
| microgametophyte | A plant body or cell lineage, formed by vegetative growth of the microspore, that produces the male gametes of a heterosporous plant. |
| es-e14 cell | Mouse embryonic stem cell line. |
| a20 cell | Murine B-lymphoma cell line. |
| uterine cancer cell | |
| rinm5f cell | Insulin secreting pancreatic beta cell line. |
| calvarium | An incomplete skull:especially: the portion of a skull including the braincase and excluding the lower jaw or lower jaw and facial portion. |
| posterior olfactory lobule | |
| ht-29 g cell | A colon carcinoma cell line. A subpopulation derived from the HT-29 cell line containing cells committed to differentiation into enterocyte-like cells (HT-29 G). |
| auditory vesicle | The saccular invagination of ectoderm from which the vertebrate inner ear develops. |
| sw-403 cell | Human colon adenocarcinoma, established from the adenocarcinoma (grade III) of a 51-year-old Caucasian woman; cells were described to produce carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and to be tumorigenic in nude mice. |
| ankle joint | A hinge joint formed by the articulating of the tibia and the fibula with the talus below. |
| cingulate gyrus | Cingulate gyrus (belt ridge in english) is a gyrus in the medial part of the brain. It partially wraps around the corpus callosum and is limited above by the cingulate sulcus. The cortical part of the cingulate gyrus is referred to as cingulate cortex. |
| prostasome | Prostasomes are submicron, membrane-surrounded organelles produced by the epithelial cells of the human prostate gland and are present in appreciable amounts in normal human semen. |
| te-2 cell | Human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line. |
| nervous system | The nervous system is essentially a biological information highway, and is responsible for controlling all the biological processes and movement in the body, and can also receive information and interpret it via electrical signals which are used in this nervous system. It consists of the Central Nervous System (CNS), essentially the processing area and the Peripheral Nervous System which detects and sends electrical impulses that are used in the nervous system. |
| es-2 cell | Human clear cell ovarian carcinoma cell line. |
| stamen | The floral organ that produces pollen; consisting of an anther and filament. |
| alveolar cell | Any cell of the walls of the pulmonary alveoli; the term is often limited to alveolar epithelial cells (type I and type II alveolar cells) and alveolar macrophages. |
| sporozoan form | Any of a large class (Sporozoa) of strictly parasitic protozoans that have a complicated life cycle usually involving both asexual and sexual generations often in different hosts and include important pathogens (as malaria parasites and babesias). |
| hmc-1 cell | Human mast cell line. |
| plant ovule | A minute structure in seed plants, containing the embryo sac and surrounded by the nucellus, that develops into a seed after fertilization. |
| hel-92.1.7 cell | Human erythroleukemia cell line; established from a 30 years old caucasian male. |
| endocardium | A thin serous membrane lining the cavities of the heart. |
| mammary gland cell line | |
| feather calamus | The hollow basal portion of a feather below the vane. |
| pancreatic cell line | |
| ftc-236 cell | Human thyroid cancer neck lymph node metastasis cell line. |
| alveolar cell type i | The flattened cells of the alveolar epithelium, distinguished by their greatly attenuated cytoplasm and paucity of organelles. |
| hmpos cell | Canine osteosarcoma cell line. |
| r1 cell | Mouse embryonic stem cell line; established from a 3.5 day blastocyst produced by crossing two 129 substrains, 129S1/SvImJ and 129X1/SvJ. |
| lumbar spine | That portion of the spine comprising the lumbar vertebrae. |
| fibroma cell | A cell of a tumor composed mainly of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue. |
| th-1 cell line | |
| h-7721 cell | Human hepatocarcinoma cell line. |
| caudate nucleus | One of the centrally-located portions of the brain affected by Huntington's Disease. Speech and swallowing problems arise when this region and another region called the putamen are affected. |
| gt1-1 cell | Immortalized GnRH secreting mouse neuronal cell line. |
| gill filament | The thread-like, soft, red respiratory and excretory structure projecting outward from the gill arch. |
| flower stalk | |
| seta | A hair-like unicellular external process of the body wall or any derivative of the latter, a hair, a bristle. |
| uterine horn | The portion of the uterus to which the intramural section of the uterine tube enters on either the right or left. |
| apical meristem | A group of cells at the tip of the stem and root that give rise by cell division to the primary tissues and are ultimately responsible for the structural organization of the entire primary plant body. |
| spinal root | The anterior and posterior roots of the spinal nerves. |
| entorhinal cortex | The entorhinal cortex (EC) is an important memory center in the brain. In rodents, the EC is located at the caudal end of the temporal lobe. In primates it is located at the rostral end of the temporal lobe and stretches dorsolaterally. It is usually divided into medial and lateral regions with three bands with distinct properties and connectivity running perpendicular across the whole area. |
| c-81 cell | HTLV-1-infected human T-cell line; established from patients with T-cell leukemia. |
| myofibroblast | An atypical fibroblast combining the ultrastructural features of a fibroblast and a smooth muscle cell; it has a highly irregular nucleus, a large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and a dense collection of myofilaments. |
| bl-3 cell | Bovine lymphoblastoid cell line. |
| ciliary epithelium | |
| dld-1 cell | Human colon adenocarcinoma established from a colorectal adenocarcinoma. |
| root tip | The root tip is the tip of the root and contains the root cap and the apical meristem -the actively growing region. |
| eb-1 cell | Human Burkitt lymphoma cell line; established from the maxilla tumor lymph node of a 9-year-old black girl with Burkitt lymphoma in 1964; cells were described to be EBV-positive. |
| melanocyte | An epidermal cell that produces melanin. |
| colonic cancer cell | A malignant tumour arising from the inner wall of the large intestine. |
| mushroom body | The Drosophila mushroom bodies (MBs), paired brain structures composed of vertical and medial lobes, achieve their final organization at metamorphosis. |
| arterial smooth muscle | |
| hippocampus minor | The lower of two elevations on the medial wall of the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle of the brain, caused by the depth of the calcarine sulcus. |
| a-253 cell | Human submaxillary salivary gland cell line, established from a 54-years-old caucasian male. |
| ucp-3 cell | The UCP-3 cell line is a low metastatic human lung carcinoma cell line. |
| 143b cell | Human fibroblast osteosarcoma cell line lacking the thymidine kinase (TK) gene. |
| venous endothelium | |
| sk-n-be(2) cell | The SK-N-BE(2) neuroblastoma cell line was established in November of 1972 from a bone marrow biopsy taken from child with disseminated neuroblastoma after repeated courses of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. |
| cl1-0 cell | Human lung adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| masseter | A thick muscle in the cheek that closes the jaws during chewing. |
| coronary atherosclerotic plaque | |
| colo-320 cell | Human colorectal cancer cell line. |
| neural stem cell line | |
| ovum | A female gamete. |
| bronchial smooth muscle cell | |
| foreskin fibroblast cell line | |
| glioma cell line | |
| perisperm | The nutritive tissue that is derived from the nucleus and surrounds the embryo of the seed. |
| gubernaculum testis | The fetal ligament attached to the inferior end of the epididymis and testis and, at its other end, to the bottom of the scrotum; it is present during, and is thought to guide, the descent of the testis into the scrotum and then atrophies. |
| u-373mg cell | Human caucasian glioblastoma-astrocytoma cell line; established from a 61-years-old caucasian male. |
| sk-co15 cell | Human intestinal epithelial cell line. |
| tenia tecta | A thin layer of gray matter on the dorsal surface of the corpus callosum. |
| wil2-ns cell | Spleen; B lymphocyte; hereditary spherocytosis cell line, established from a caucasion 5 year old male. The line was derived from the WIL-2 B cell line. |
| tsa cell | TSA is an aggressive and poorly immunogenic cell line established from a moderately differentiated mammary adenocarcinoma that arose spontaneously in a multiparous BALB/c mouse. |
| igrov-1 cell | Human ovary carcinoma cell line. |
| rhabdomyosarcoma cell line | |
| extravillous trophoblast | The outermost layer of trophoblast, produced by cytotrophoblast where there is direct contact with maternal decidua rather than blood. The EVT cells travel into the decidua, reacting with NK cells and invading maternal blood vessels feeding the placenta, softening the walls and replacing the lining with fetal tissue, a process called conversion. |
| pyloric cecum | The pyloric ceca (or digestive glands) and the cardiac stomach produce digestive enzymes in starfishes. Digested material is absorbed through the pyloric ceca for transport to the rest of the body. Each pyloric cecum extends the length of each arm. |
| imr-90 cell | Normal lung fibroblast cell line from a human female. The human diploid fibroblast strain IMR-90 was derived by W.W. Nichols and associates from the lungs of a 16-week female fetus. |
| mba-15 cell | Bone marrow derived osteogenic cell line. |
| paneth cell | Paneth cell: Coarsely granular secretory cells found in the basal regions of crypts in the small intestine. |
| endoderm | A germ layer lying remote from the surface of the embryo that gives rise to internal tissues such as gut. |
| bergmanns glia | A specialized form of astrocytes in the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum. |
| lymphocytic leukemia cell | Leukemia cell of either of two types marked by an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells (as lymphocytes) which accumulate in bone marrow, lymphoid tissue (as of the lymph nodes and spleen), and circulating blood. |
| regio oralis | The region of the face including the lips and mouth. |
| urotsa cell | The UROtsa cell line was isolated from a primary culture of normal human urothelium through immortalization with a construct containing the SV40 large T antigen. |
| thymic cancer cell | |
| meg-01s cell | Suspension culture adapted subline of MEG-01. Chronic megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line. |
| juvenile leaf | Distinct from adult leaves, being characterized by particular anatomical traits namely, wax and trichome distribution, presence or absence of epidermal cell types, cell wall shape and biochemistry. The first juvenile leaves are e.g. the embryonic leaves found in the grass kernel (caryopsis). |
| cmk cell | Human acute megakaryocytic leukemia; established from the peripheral blood of a 10-month-old boy with Down's syndrome and acute megakaryocytic leukemia (AML M7) at relapse in 1985. |
| hlec-sra 01/04 cell | Human lens epithelial cell line. |
| hepa-1c1c7 cell | Mouse hepatoma cell line. This is a derivative of the BW7756 mouse hepatoma that arose in a C57/L mouse. |
| anterior olfactory nucleus | A portion of the forebrain of vertebrates. It is found behind the olfactory bulb and in front of the piriform cortex (laterally) and olfactory tubercle (medially) in a region often referred to as the olfactory peduncle or retrobulbar area. The peduncle contains the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON) as well as two other much smaller regions, the tenia tecta (or dorsal hippocampal rudiment) and the dorsal peduncular cortex. |
| pogs-5 cell | Immortalized cell line of primary granulosa cells, isolated from 25-day-old immature rats and transfected with SV40 DNA alone. |
| muscle | A body tissue consisting of long cells that contract when stimulated and produce motion. |
| placenta | The vascular organ in mammals except monotremes and marsupials that unites the fetus to the maternal uterus and mediates its metabolic exchanges through a more or less intimate association of uterine mucosal with chorionic and usually allantoic tissues; also: an analogous organ in another animal. |
| neuron-oligodendrocyte coculture | |
| 33b cell | Rat nervous tissue oligodendroglioma cell line. 33B is a N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced neural tumour cell line derived from 17th in vivo passage of TR33B. |
| 253j cell | Human bladder transitional cell carcinoma cell line. |
| gitter cell | A microglial cell that is globular and swollen after having phagocytized debris from cells destroyed pathologically in the central nervous system. |
| intercostal muscle | Intercostal muscles are several groups of muscles that run between the ribs, and help form and move the chest wall. The intercostal muscles are mainly involved in the mechanical aspect of breathing. These muscles help expand and shrink the size of the chest cavity when you breathe. |
| hcaec cell | Human coronary artery endothelial cell line. |
| female pudendum | That portion of the female genitalia comprising the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, vestibule of the vagina, bulb of the vestibule, greater and lesser vestibular glands, and vaginal orifice. Commonly used to denote the entire external female genitalia. |
| um-scc-22b cell | Human neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line. |
| pancreatic alpha cell | One of the cells in the periphery of the pancreatic islets that secrete somatostatin (alpha1 cells) and glucagon (alpha2 cells). |
| cavum septum pellucidum | Space enclosed within the laminae of the septum pelludicum, the membranous partition that seperates the frontal horns of the ventricle. |
| myometrial cell line | |
| lymphoblastic leukemia cell | Lymphocytic leukemia characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of lymphoblasts. |
| dermatofibroma cell line | |
| snu-5 cell | Gastric carcinoma cell line; derived in 1987 by J. Park and associates from ascites of a patient with poorly differentiated carcinoma of the stomach. |
| nerve plexus | A plexus made up of intermingled nerve fibers. |
| digestive gland | A gland, such as the liver or pancreas, that secretes into the alimentary canal substances necessary for digestion. |
| coelomocyte | 1: Corpuscles (usually amoebocytes) in the coelomic or pseudocoelomic fluids of invertebrates. 2:(Annelida) amoebocytes and elaeocytes. 3: (Echinodermata) The spindle-shaped cells, phagocytes, and crystal cells. 4: (Nematoda) The mesenchymatous cells in the body cavity. |
| b-cell leukemia cell | B-cell leukemia describes several different types of lymphoid leukemia which affect B cells. |
| cmt93/69 cell | Mouse C57BL/1CRF rectum carcinoma. |
| mle-15 cell | Murine lung epithelial cell line. |
| prsc cell | Normal prostate stromal cell line. |
| decidua parietalis | The part of the decidua in the pregnant human female lining the uterus. |
| retrosplenial region | The retrosplenial region is a brain area and part of the cingulate cortex. It is defined by Brodmann area 29 and the Brodmann area 26. |
| myelencephalon | The posterior part of the developing vertebrate hindbrain or the corresponding part of the adult brain composed of the medulla oblongata. |
| adenoma cell | A benign epithelial tumor cell in which the cells form recognizable glandular structures or in which the cells are clearly derived from glandular epithelium. |
| hair | 1: A slender threadlike outgrowth of the epidermis of an animal; especially: one of the usually pigmented filaments that form the characteristic coat of a mammal. 2: The hairy covering of an animal or a body part; especially: the coating of hairs on a human head. |
| astc-a-1 cell | Human lung adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| pilocytic astrocytoma cell | An astrocytoma resembling the fibrillary type but with its fibrils arranged in parallel rows; its grade of malignancy is low. The most common kind is the cerebellar juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma. In adults the pilocytic type is usually found in the cerebrum. |
| husk | A usually dry or membranous outer covering (as a pod or hull or one composed of bracts) of various seeds and fruits. |
| outer ear | The portion of the auditory organ comprising the auricle and the external acoustic meatus. |
| acute promyelocytic leukemia cell | A subtype of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), a cancer of the blood and bone marrow. In APL, there is an abnormal accumulation of immature granulocytes called promyelocytes. |
| 70z/3 cell | Mouse, (C57BL/6xDBA/2)F1, blood, leukemia, pre-B cell line. |
| mesenchymal epithelium | The epithelium which lines the subdural and subarachnoid spaces, the perilymphatic spaces in the inner ear, and the chamber of the eye. |
| forelimb | A limb as an arm, wing, fin, or leg that is situated anteriorly. |
| mef cell | Mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line. |
| pharyngeal cavity | The space enclosed by the walls of the pharynx. |
| lymphoma cell line | Lymphoma means any neoplastic disorder of the lymphoid tissue. |
| leaf | A lateral outgrowth from a plant stem that is typically a flattened expanded variably shaped greenish organ, constitutes a unit of the foliage, and functions primarily in food manufacture by photosynthesis. |
| att-20 cell | Mouse pituitary tumor cell line. Morphology: small rounded cells. |
| nci-h1299 cell | Homo sapiens (human) lung carcinoma cell line, non-small cell lung cancer; derived from metastatic site: lymph node. |
| viscus | An internal organ of the body; especially: one (as the heart, liver, or intestine) located in the great cavity of the trunk proper. |
| tracheal smooth muscle cell | |
| thyroid cell line | |
| root cap | A thimble-shaped group of cells found at the tip of roots; it functions to protect the meristem. |
| tadpole | A larval amphibian; specifically: a frog or toad larva that has a rounded body with a long tail bordered by fins and external gills soon replaced by internal gills and that undergoes a metamorphosis to the adult. |
| rsc96 cell | Spontaneously immortalized rat Schwann cell line, derived from long-term culture of rat primary Schwann cells. |
| scutellum | The single cotyledon in monocotyledon seeds such as grass seeds. |
| radicle | The lower part of the axis of a plant embryo or seedling. |
| tongue cancer cell | Malignancy of the tongue, squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. |
| pz-hpv-7 cell | Human prostate epithelial cell line; derived from epithelial cells cultured from normal tissue from the peripheral zone of the prostate. The cells were transformed by transfection with HPV18 DNA. |
| epithalamus | The caudal part of the roof and the adjoining lateral walls of the third ventricle of the diencephalon, comprising the habenular nuclei and their commissure, pineal body, and commissure of the epithalamus. |
| corpus amylaceum | One of a number of small ovoid or rounded, sometimes laminated, bodies resembling a grain of starch and found in nervous Tissue, in the prostate, and in pulmonary alveoli; of little pathological significance, and apparently derived from degenerated cells or proteinaceous secretions. |
| intestinal wall | |
| peripheral nervous system | The peripheral nervous system (PNS) connects the central nervous system (CNS) to sensory organs (such as the eye and ear), other organs of the body, muscles, blood vessels and glands. |
| leaf axil | The angle between a leaf and the axis from which it arises. |
| nih-3t3 cell | Very widely used mouse fibroblast cell line; 3T3 cells have been derived from different mouse strains and it is therefore important to define the particular cell line. NIH strain were from the National Institute of Health in the USA; Mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line, established from disaggregated Swiss albino mouse embryos in 1962. |
| sp-6.5 cell | Human choroidal melanoma, the most frequent primary ocular neoplasm in humans. |
| superficial inguinal lymph node | A group of 12-20 lymph nodes that lie in the subcutaneous tissue below the inguinal ligament and along the terminal part of the great saphenous vein; they drain the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower abdominal wall, perineum, buttocks, external genitalia, and lower limbs. |
| achn cell | Human renal cell carcinoma cell line. |
| nci-n417 cell | Small cell lung cancer cell line. |
| buccal epithelium | |
| purkinje layer | The cerebellar cortex is divided into three layers. At the bottom lies the thick granular layer. In the middle lies the Purkinje layer, a narrow zone that contains only the cell bodies of Purkinje cells. At the top lies the molecular layer. |
| talus | The highest of the tarsal bones and the one that articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint. |
| microglial cell line | |
| neutrophil | A granulocyte that is the chief phagocytic white blood cell of the blood. |
| n-11 cell | Murine microglial cell line. |
| iris | The circular pigmented membrane behind the cornea, perforated by the pupil; the most anterior portion of the vascular tunic of the eye, it is made up of a flat bar of circular muscular fibers surrounding the pupil, a thin layer of smooth muscle fibers by which the pupil is dilated, thus regulating the amount of light entering the eye, and posteriorly two layers of pigmented epithelial cells. |
| kku-100 cell | Human cholangiocarcinoma cell line. |
| oral cell line | |
| bone marrow cancer cell | |
| tibial chondrocyte | Chondrocyte pertaining to the tibia. |
| oci-m1 cell | Human acute myeloid leukemia cell line; established from erythroleukemia blasts, AML M6, of a 62-year-old patient following a 7-year chlorambucil treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. |
| microvessel | A blood vessel as a capillary, arteriole, or venule of the microcirculatory system. |
| vascular endothelial cell | |
| sebaceous gland | Any of various glands in the dermis of the skin that open into a hair follicle and produce and secrete sebum. |
| natural killer cell | A large granular lymphocyte capable of killing a tumor or microbial cell without prior exposure to the target cell and without having it presented with or marked by a histocompatibility antigen. |
| pulvinus | A mass of large thin-walled cells surrounding a vascular strand at the base of a petiole or petiolule and functioning in turgor movements of leaves or leaflets. |
| cardiomyocyte cell line | |
| canal trophoblast giant cell | |
| podocyte | A modified epithelial cell of the capsular epithelium of the renal glomerulus, having a small perikaryon and a number of primary and secondary footlike radiating processes (pedicels) that interdigitate with those of other podocytes and embrace the basal lamina of glomerular capillaries. |
| ovca-433 cell | Human epithelial ovarian cancer cell line. |
| serous cell | A cell, especially of the salivary gland, that secretes a watery or thin albuminous fluid, as opposed to a mucous cell. |
| tongue | A fleshy movable process of the floor of the mouths of most vertebrates that bears sensory end organs and small glands and functions especially in taking and swallowing food and in humans as a speech organ. |
| villous trophoblast | |
| femoral muscle | Origin: anterior and lateral surfaces of femur; insertion: patella, common tendon of quadriceps femoris; innervation: femoral; action, extends leg. |
| jurkat e-6.1 cell | Human, blood, leukemia, T cell line, clone E6.1. |
| ln-382 cell | Human glioblastoma cell line. |
| gut juice | |
| pk-15 cell | Pig kidney cell line. Original line: PK-2a; contains type C viruses. Morphology: epithelial-like. |
| pseudopodium | A temporary cytoplasmic extrusion by means of which an ameba or other ameboid organism or cell moves about or engulfs food. |
| gamma-motoneuron | A smaller neuron whose cell body is found in the ventral horn of the spinal cord that innervates intrafusal fibers. |
| primitive neuroectodermal tumor cell | One of a remarkable group of tumors that originate in cells from the primitive neural crest and share the same reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 11 and 22 and the same patterns of biochemical and oncogene expression. Some primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) occur in the brain while others (the peripheral PNETs) occur in sites outside the brain such as in the extremities, pelvis, and the chest wall. |
| sms-kcn cell | Human neuroblastoma cell line. |
| cortical amygdaloid nucleus | A nucleus in the corticomedial part of the amygdaloid body. |
| seminal vesicle | Either of a pair of glandular pouches that lie one on either side of the male reproductive tract and in the human male secrete a sugar- and protein-containing fluid into the ejaculatory duct. |
| t-47d cell | Human ductal breast carcinoma ductal cell line. Morphology: epithelial-likeSpecies: human female 54 years old; Tissue: breast; Tumor: carcinoma, ductal; Derived from: T47, originally derived from pleural effusion. |
| dopaminergic system | The system of nerve cells that uses dopamine as its neurotransmitter. |
| mueller cell line | Mueller cells are astrocyte-like radial glial cells that extend vertically throughout the retina, although their nuclei are usually in the middle of the inner nuclear layer. |
| mdck-1 cell | Cell line was derived by cloning the parental cell line MDCK. |
| c57mg cell | Normal murine mammary gland cell line. |
| parasympathetic ganglion | One of the aggregations of cell bodies of primarily cholinergic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system, located near to or within the wall of the organs being innervated. |
| anterior horn | One of the hornlike projections of gray matter into the white matter of the spinal cord. The anterior horn contains efferent fibers innervating skeletal muscle tissue. |
| flexor digitorum longus | A muscle of the tibial side of the leg that flexes the terminal phalanx of each of the four small toes. |
| preadipocyte | A precursor to an adipocyte. |
| zona glomerulosa | The outermost of the three layers of the adrenal cortex that consists of round masses of granular epithelial cells that stain deeply. |
| thyroid cancer cell line | |
| cem-vbl100 cell | The CEM-VBL100 cell line is a multidrug-resistant variant of the derivative of the CCRF-CEM cell line. |
| vomeronasal organ | A specialized part of the olfactory system located anteriorly in the nasal cavity within the nasal septum. Chemosensitive cells of the vomeronasal organ project via the vomeronasal nerve to the accessory olfactory bulb. The primary function of this organ appears to be in sensing pheromones which regulate reproductive and other social behaviors. While the structure has been thought absent in higher primate adults, data now suggests it may be present in adult humans. |
| collecting duct | The arcuate renal tubule, straight collecting tubule, and papillary duct considered together. |
| nbt-ii cell | Rat Wistar urinary bladder cancer cell line. |
| n-27 cell | N27 is an immortalized dopaminergic neuronal cell line isolated from fetal rat mesencephalic cultures. |
| hybridoma cell line | |
| 2t3 cell | Murine osteoblast cell line. |
| cystocyte | The insect equivalent of a blood platelet. At a site of injury, these cells will break down into threads around which plasma can gel, stopping the flow of haemolymph from the site. |
| sw-626 cell | Human, ovary, adenocarcinoma cell line. |
| internal iliac artery | The inner branch of the common iliac artery on either side of the body that soon breaks into several branches and supplies blood chiefly to the pelvic and gluteal areas. |
| atdc-5 cell | Clonal mouse embryonic cell line. |
| ghost | A red blood cell that has lost its hemoglobin. |
| glia | The delicate network of branched cells and fibers that supports the tissue of the central nervous system. |
| te-13 cell | Human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line. |
| rwpe-1 cell | Epithelial cells derived from the peripheral zone of a histologically normal adult human prostate were transfected with a single copy of the human papilloma virus 18 to establish the cell line. |
| smmc-7721 cell | Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. |
| tc2 cell | Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These CD8-positive cells are distinct from natural killer cells and from KILLER CELLS mediating antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2. |
| hmepc cell | Human Mammary Epithelial Cells (HMEpC) are derived from normal adult mammary glands. |
| leptomeninx | The pia mater and the arachnoid considered together as investing the brain and spinal cord. |
| t/c-28a2 cell | Human chondrocyte cell line. |
| mimcd-3 cell | Mouse renal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cell line; SV40 transformed from an adult mouse. |
| novikoff hepatoma cell | Novikoff hepatoma has been induced by feeding 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene to a male rat. |
| leaf epidermis | The blade consists of an upper and a lower layer of closely fitted epidermal cells, including specialized paired guard cells that control the size of tiny pores, or stomata, for gaseous exchange and the release of water vapor (see transpiration). The upper epidermis is usually coated with a waterproof cuticle and contains fewer stomata than the underside, if any at all. |
| parotid acinar cell | |
| ben cell | Human lung carcinoma; established from the supraclavicular tumor cells-containing lymph node of a 71-year-old man with poorly differentiated carcinoma of the lung. |
| rectum | The terminal part of the intestine from the sigmoid flexure to the anus. |
| ear | The organ of hearing. |
| y-79 cell | Human retinoblastoma cell line; established from the primary tumor (right eye) of a 2-year-old Caucasian girl in 1971. |
| glucagonoma cell | A type of islet cell tumor cell of the alpha cells that secretes glucagon; some are malignant. |
| germinal epithelium | Epithelium covering the embryonic genital ridges and the gonads that develop from them. |
| fetal membrane | Any membrane that functions for the protection or nourishment of respiration or excretion of a developing fetus. |
| arachnoid barrier layer | The arachnoid barrier layer is a part of the arachnoid meningeal layer. It is formed by tight junctions between the endothelial cells of cerebral capillaries in the arachnoid mater. |
| spear | A usually young blade, shoot, or sprout (as of grass). |
| nasal squamous cell carcinoma cell line | |
| tp17 cell | The melanoma cell line TP17 was obtained from a primary tumor extracted from the eyes of patients with diagnosed uveal melanoma. |
| protozoan form | Any individual of the Protozoa. |
| thigh muscle | |
| yn-1 cell | Human erythroleukemia cell line. |
| gastric adenocarcinoma cell line | |
| 32d clone3 cell | Mouse bone marrow cell line. |
| sensory cell | 1: A peripheral nerve cell, as an olfactory cell, located at a sensory receiving surface and being the primary receptor of a sensory impulse. 2: A nerve cell, as a spinal ganglion cell, transmitting sensory impulses. |
| epidermal stem cell | The epidermal stem cells give rise to keratinocytes, which migrate to the surface of the skin and form a protective layer. |
| laryngeal muscle | The intrinsic muscles of the larynx are the aryepiglottic(us), arytenoid(eus), cricoarytenoid(eus), cricothyroid(eus), thyroarytenoid(eus), thyroepiglottic(us) and vocal(is). |
| hepatic stellate cell line | |
| jy cell | An EBV-positive lymphoblastoid B cell line. |
| cancer stem cell | Cancer stem cells are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample. CSCs are tumorigenic. |
| heart primordium | |
| umbilical vein smooth muscle | |
| dura mater | The tough fibrous membrane covering the brain and the spinal cord and lining the inner surface of the skull. It is the outermost of the three meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord. |
| thoracic spine | That part of the spine comprising the thoracic vertebrae. |
| bronchoalveolar stem cell | |
| tanycyte | Modified ependymal cell of the median eminence, having a body that lies near the third ventricle and sending out processes that extend to the capillary plexus of the portal circulation. Its function is unknown, but it may transport hormones from the cerebrospinal fluid into the portal circulation or from hypothalamic neurons to the cerebrospinal fluid. |
| cerebrovascular cell | A cell of the vascular system and blood supply of the brain. |
| 697 cell | Human B cell precursor leukemia; established from the bone marrow of a 12-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) at relapse in 1979. |
| mammary gland tumor cell | |
| microfilarial stage | The prelarval stage of filarioidea in the blood and other tissues of mammals and birds. They are removed from these hosts by blood-sucking insects in which they metamorphose into mature larvae. |
| myometrium | The smooth muscle coat of the uterus, which forms the main mass of the organ. |
| renal glomerular capsule | The double-walled globular dilatation that forms the beginning of a uriniferous tubule of the kidney and surrounds the glomerulus; it consists of an inner, or visceral, layer (capsular epithelium) and an outer, or parietal, layer (glomerular epithelium). |
| yolk sac cancer cell | Malignant germ cell tumour commonly found in the ovary. The tumour arises from primitive germ cells and develops into extra-embryonic tissue resembling the yolk sac. |
| t-lymphoma cell line | |
| amyloid plaque | A plaque consisting of tangles of amyloid protein in nervous tissue (a pathological mark of Alzheimer's disease). |
| keratinocyte cell line | |
| ink | The black protective secretion of a cephalopod; The ink is composed mostly of melanin and has been used as the artists pigment, sepia. |
| secondary spermatocyte | One of the two cells into which a primary spermatocyte divides, and which in turn gives origin to spermatids; called also prespermatid. |
| aspc-1 cell | Human caucasian pancreas adenocarcinoma cell line, established from a 62 years old caucasian female. |
| long bone | In limbs of vertebrate animals. A long cylindrical bone that contains marrow. |
| me665/2 cell | Human melanoma cell line. |
| hs-578t cell | Human breast cancer cell line; established from a 74-years-old caucasian female with infiltrating ductal carcinoma. |
| at6.1 cell | Rat prostate carcinoma cell line. |
| chondroblast | An immature cartilage-producing cell. |
| pg cell | Metastatic human lung giant cell carcinoma (PG) cell line. |
| 10t1/2 cell | Clonal mouse embryo cell line. |
| lateral amygdaloid nucleus | A nucleus in the basolateral part of the amygdaloid body. |
| tt cell | Human Caucasian thyroid medullary carcinoma; established from a thyroid medullary carcinoma of a 77 year old Caucasian female. |
| glandular epithelium | Epithelium composed of secretory cells. |
| sk-ut-1b cell | Human leiomyosarcoma cell line; established from the endometrium of a 75-years old caucasian female with mesodermal tumor (mixed) grade III in the uterus. |
| ependymal epithelium | Ependymal epithelium lining the ventricular cavities and canals of the CNS is simple, columnar or cuboidal. |
| articular cartilage | A thin layer of cartilage, usually hyaline, on the articular surface of bones in synovial joints. |
| oral epithelial cell | |
| branch | A natural subdivision of a plant stem; especially: a secondary shoot or stem (as a bough) arising from a main axis (as of a tree). |
| mandibular organ | |
| cardiac purkinje fiber | One of the specialized cardiac muscle fibers, part of the impulse-conducting network of the heart, that rapidly transmit impulses from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles. |
| esophageal cancer cell line | |
| colon descendens | The portion of the colon between the left colic flexure and the sigmoid colon at the pelvic brim; the portion of the descending colon lying in the left iliac fossa is sometimes called the iliac colon. |
| eheb cell | Human chronic B cell leukemia cell line;established from the peripheral blood of a 69-year-old woman with B-CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia) prior treatment by EBV-transformation in 1988; cell line may represent rather a B-lymphoblastoid cell line than a bona fide B-CLL cell line. |
| snu-638 cell | Human gastric cancer cell line. |
| gbm-8401 cell | Human brain glioblastoma multiform cell line. |
| gingival cell line | |
| lm6 cell | Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. |
| hke-3 cell | Clonal derivative from HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cell line, that lacks the mutant k-ras allele. |
| follicular adenoma cell | Adenoma of the thyroid in which the cells are arranged in the form of follicles. |
| bone cancer cell line | |
| kle cell | A cell line derived from a poorly differentiated endometrial carcinoma that is aneuploid with chromosome numbers ranging from 51 to 66 and 6-8 marker chromosomes demonstrated by G banding. |
| habenular trigone | A small triangular area on the posteromedial surface of the thalamus at the caudal end of the medullary stria, corresponding to the underlying habenula. |
| lag phase culture | The culture at the initial growth phase, during which cell number remains relatively constant prior to rapid growth. |
| seminal vesicle fluid | The alkaline seminal vesicle fluid contributes 70% of semen volume and provides additional components, including the enzymes for coagulum formation. |
| midgut | The middle part of an alimentary canal. |
| pre-b-lymphocyte cell line | |
| medial longitudinal fasciculus | A pair of crossed fiber tracts, one on each side of the brainstem. These bundles of axons are situated near the midline of the brainstem and are composed of both ascending and descending fibers that arise from a number of sources and terminate in different areas. It carries information about the direction that the eyes should move. |
| ebc-1 cell | Human lung squamous cell carcinoma cell line; established from a 68 year old male. |
| ovary | One of the typically paired essential female reproductive organs that produce eggs and in vertebrates female sex hormones. |
| vein | Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart. |
| macrophage | Relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues, derived from blood monocyte. Macrophages from different sites have distinctly different properties. Main types are peritoneal and alveolar macrophages, tissue macrophages (histiocytes), Kupffer cells of the liver, and osteoclasts. In response to foreign materials may become stimulated or activated. Macrophages play an important role in killing of some bacteria, protozoa, and tumour cells, release substances that stimulate other cells of the immune system, and are involved in antigen presentation. May further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to epithelioid cells or may fuse to form foreign body giant cells or Langhans giant cells. |
| striatal neuron | |
| c2c12 cell | This is a subclone of the mouse myoblast cell line. The C2C12 cell line differentiates rapidly, forming contractile myotubes and producing characteristic muscle proteins. Treatment with bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) cause a shift in the differentiation pathway from myoblastic to osteoblastic. |
| cardiac muscle fiber | Cardiac muscle fibers contain one or sometimes two nuclei and myofibrils and are separated from one another by an intercalated disk; although striated, cardiac muscle fibers branch to form an interlacing network. |
| preosteoblast | A mesenchymal cell that differentiates into an osteoblast. |
| protophloem | The first-formed phloem that develops from procambium, consists of narrow thin-walled cells capable of a limited amount of stretching, and is usually associated with a region of rapid growth. |
| cytotrophoblast cell line | |
| tunica media vasorum | The middle coat of the blood vessels, made up of transverse elastic and muscle fibers. |
| mcf-7/adr cell | A multidrug-resistant (MDR) human breast cancer MCF-7 subline. |
| sup-t1 cell | Human T cell lymphoma cell line; established from the pleural effusion of an 8-year-old boy with T-lymphoblastic lymphoma in relapse. |
| nrp-152 cell | Non-tumorigenic rat prostatic epithelial line. |
| j5 hepatoma cell | Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line. |
| labyrinthine zone | The murine placenta consists of two main fetally derived compartments: the labyrinthine zone and the junctional zone. |
| oral mucosa | The mucous coat (membrane) lining the oral cavity. |
| esophageal cell line | |
| dermal fibroblast | Dermal fibroblasts are the major cell type in dermis and are commonly accepted as terminally differentiated cells. |
| placental cell line |
