{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Recent studies have highlighted the multifaceted role of the long non‐coding RNA ADD3‑AS1 in liver‐related disorders. In biliary atresia (BA), a genome‐wide association study in East Asians identified genetic variants in ADD3‑AS1 that, in combination with variants in the ADD3 gene, significantly increase susceptibility to BA and may underlie the overexpression of the ADD3 protein in the diseased liver."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Consistent with its genetic association, functional experiments in hepatic stellate cells demonstrated that lnc‑ADD3‑AS1 promotes cell proliferation and migration while reducing apoptosis, thereby contributing to liver fibrosis—a key feature of BA pathology."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In contrast, studies in thyroid disease have revealed a different aspect for ADD3‑AS1. Machine learning–based analyses for early thyroid disease diagnosis identified a downregulation of ADD3‑AS1 among other RNA features"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and further investigations in papillary thyroid carcinoma showed that overexpression of ADD3‑AS1 inhibits cell growth and invasion, suggesting a tumor‐suppressive role in this context."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " More broadly, reviews of non‑coding RNA functions in cholangiopathies support the concept that lncRNAs, including ADD3‑AS1, are pivotal regulators of gene expression that may serve as diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wison Laochareonsuk, Piyawan Chiengkriwate, Surasak Sangkhathat "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Single nucleotide polymorphisms within Adducin 3 and Adducin 3 antisense RNA1 genes are associated with biliary atresia in Thai infants."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pediatr Surg Int (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00383-018-4243-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-018-4243-3"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29508064"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29508064"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yongqin Ye, Weifang Wu, Jiachen Zheng, et al. 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