{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent studies have uncovered that AIRIM (alias C1orf109) plays an essential role in ribosome biogenesis by controlling a late cytoplasmic maturation step of the pre‐60S ribosomal subunit. In a genome‐wide loss‐of‐function screen, AIRIM, together with SPATA5, CINP, and SPATA5L1, was shown to be critical for proper ribosome assembly, with its absence leading to impaired global protein synthesis and linking its dysfunction to neurodevelopmental disorders associated with recessive SPATA5 mutations."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "In addition, AIRIM was identified as a substrate for casein kinase II (CK2). Functional analyses revealed that this gene is regulated in a cell cycle–dependent manner and is involved in the control of cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, suggesting that AIRIM contributes to fundamental aspects of cell division and growth control."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "Moreover, AIRIM is implicated in oncogenic processes. Studies in liver cancer have demonstrated that overexpression of AIRIM correlates with advanced tumor stages, vascular invasion, and poorer overall survival. Mechanistic investigations further revealed that AIRIM enhances Wnt signaling by interacting with CK2, leading to upregulation of non-phosphorylated β-catenin and its downstream genes such as CyclinD1, c-Myc, and MMP7, thereby promoting tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chunyang Ni, Daniel A Schmitz, Jeon Lee, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Labeling of heterochronic ribosomes reveals C1ORF109 and SPATA5 control a late step in human ribosome assembly."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Rep (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110597"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110597"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35354024"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35354024"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shan-shan Liu, Hong-xia Zheng, Hua-dong Jiang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification and characterization of a novel gene, c1orf109, encoding a CK2 substrate that is involved in cancer cell proliferation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biomed Sci (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/1423-0127-19-49"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/1423-0127-19-49"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22548824"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22548824"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jing Sun, Xiupeng Zhang, Yefei Sun "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "C1orf109 promotes malignant phenotype of liver cancer via wnt signaling pathway in a CK2-dependent manner."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Mol Histol (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s10735-023-10117-w"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10735-023-10117-w"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "36988773"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36988773"}]}]}]}