ANOS1 Gene

HGNC Family	WAP four-disulfide core domain containing (WFDC), Fibronectin type III domain containing
Name	anosmin 1
Description	Mutations in this gene cause the X-linked Kallmann syndrome. The encoded protein is similar in sequence to proteins known to function in neural cell adhesion and axonal migration. In addition, this cell surface protein is N-glycosylated and may have anti-protease activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n ANOS1 encodes the secreted extracellular matrix glycoprotein anosmin‐1, which plays a pivotal role during neurodevelopment by modulating signaling pathways and guiding neuronal migration. Anosmin‐1 exerts its effects through high‐affinity binding to heparan sulfate via its fibronectin type III domains—particularly the first repeat—and thereby associates with the cell surface. This interaction is critical for its ability to interface with fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), where it functions as an isoform‐specific co‐ligand that amplifies FGF2–FGFR1 signaling. Through this mechanism, anosmin‐1 promotes neurite outgrowth, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and proper migration of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) and olfactory neurons; disruption of these processes underlies the pathogenesis of Kallmann syndrome. In addition, anosmin‐1 is shown to modulate the migration of other neural precursors (for example, oligodendrocyte progenitors) in developmental contexts where the relative concentrations of FGF2 and anosmin‐1 determine cell motility. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that anosmin‐1 can directly interact with molecules such as urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA), thereby enhancing uPA’s catalytic activity and further influencing extracellular signaling cascades. Collectively, these findings underscore the multifaceted role of anosmin‐1 as a critical extracellular modulator that integrates FGF signaling and extracellular matrix cues to orchestrate neural migration and axon pathfinding during forebrain development. This integrated view of ANOS1 function is supported by several studies."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Catherine Dodé, Jacqueline Levilliers, Jean-Michel Dupont, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Loss-of-function mutations in FGFR1 cause autosomal dominant Kallmann syndrome."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Genet (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ng1122"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1122"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12627230"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12627230"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "David González-Martínez, Soo-Hyun Kim, Youli Hu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anosmin-1 modulates fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 signaling in human gonadotropin-releasing hormone olfactory neuroblasts through a heparan sulfate-dependent mechanism."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurosci (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3400-04.2004"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3400-04.2004"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15548653"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15548653"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Youli Hu, David González-Martínez, Soo-Hyun Kim, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cross-talk of anosmin-1, the protein implicated in X-linked Kallmann's syndrome, with heparan sulphate and urokinase-type plasminogen activator."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem J (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1042/BJ20041078"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20041078"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15324302"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15324302"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ana Bribián, María José Barallobre, Nadia Soussi-Yanicostas, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anosmin-1 modulates the FGF-2-dependent migration of oligodendrocyte precursors in the developing optic nerve."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell Neurosci (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.mcn.2006.05.009"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2006.05.009"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16876430"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16876430"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Youli Hu, Scott E Guimond, Paul Travers, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Novel mechanisms of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 regulation by extracellular matrix protein anosmin-1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M109.049155"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.049155"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19696444"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19696444"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "S-H Kim, Y Hu, S Cadman, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diversity in fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 regulation: learning from the investigation of Kallmann syndrome."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neuroendocrinol (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/j.1365-2826.2007.01627.x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.2007.01627.x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18034870"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18034870"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	HH1, KMS, KAL1, KAL, HHA, ADMLX, KALIG-1, WFDC19
Proteins	KALM_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	3730
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

ANOS1 has 7,055 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, functional term, phrase or reference, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 109 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for ANOS1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

ANOS1 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by ANOS1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ANOS1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of ANOS1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of ANOS1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of ANOS1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ANOS1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of ANOS1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of ANOS1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of ANOS1 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of ANOS1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of ANOS1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with ANOS1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ANOS1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of ANOS1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of ANOS1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with ANOS1 gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025	phenotypes associated with ANOS1 gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.
	CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas	gene perturbations changing expression of ANOS1 gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of ANOS1 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing ANOS1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing ANOS1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing ANOS1 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with ANOS1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with ANOS1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of ANOS1 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with ANOS1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with ANOS1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ANOS1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with ANOS1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by ANOS1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases involving ANOS1 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases involving ANOS1 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with ANOS1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with ANOS1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ANOS1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with ANOS1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at ANOS1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ANOS1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of ANOS1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing ANOS1 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.