APOBEC3H Gene

HGNC Family Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptides (APOBEC)
Name apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3H
Description This gene encodes a member of the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide 3 family of proteins. The encoded protein is a cytidine deaminase that has antiretroviral activity by generating lethal hypermutations in viral genomes. Polymorphisms and alternative splicing in this gene influence its antiretroviral activity and are associated with increased resistence to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in certain populations. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]
Summary
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n APOBEC3H is a member of the APOBEC3 cytidine deaminase family that functions as an intrinsic antiviral factor by inhibiting the replication of retroviruses and retrotransposons. Several studies have demonstrated that APOBEC3H exists as multiple naturally occurring haplotypes whose stability and antiviral potency vary considerably. Certain stable alleles (for example, hapII, V, and VII) are expressed at higher levels and potently restrict viruses such as HIV‐1—even in the presence of the viral Vif protein—by incorporating into budding virions and catalyzing cytidine deamination, which results in G‐to‐A hypermutation of the viral genome."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n Importantly, APOBEC3H’s antiviral function is determined not only by its deaminase activity but also by its efficient packaging into virions via critical motifs (for example, a YYXW stretch), and its activity can be further modulated by alternative splicing and single nucleotide polymorphisms.\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In primary human lymphocytes, studies have confirmed that endogenously expressed APOBEC3H, particularly the active haplotypes, restricts HIV‐1 replication and leaves a distinct mutational imprint on proviral DNA that is characteristic of its target dinucleotide context."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n Moreover, APOBEC3H has been implicated in the inhibition of other retroviruses, such as HTLV‐1, where its mechanism of restriction may combine both deaminase‐dependent and ‐independent actions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n Additional evidence shows that the differential expression and functional variation of APOBEC3H in individuals contributes to variable susceptibility to HIV‐1 infection, suggesting that APOBEC3H and its haplotype distribution are important determinants in host–virus evolutionary dynamics."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Molly OhAinle, Julie A Kerns, Melody M H Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Antiretroelement activity of APOBEC3H was lost twice in recent human evolution."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Host Microbe (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.chom.2008.07.005"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2008.07.005"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18779051"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18779051"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ariana Harari, Marcel Ooms, Lubbertus C F Mulder, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Polymorphisms and splice variants influence the antiretroviral activity of human APOBEC3H."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Virol (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/JVI.01665-08"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01665-08"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18945781"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18945781"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiaojun Wang, Aierken Abudu, Sungmo Son, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Analysis of human APOBEC3H haplotypes and anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Virol (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/JVI.02049-10"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02049-10"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21270145"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21270145"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chawaree Chaipan, Jessica L Smith, Wei-Shau Hu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "APOBEC3G restricts HIV-1 to a greater extent than APOBEC3F and APOBEC3DE in human primary CD4+ T cells and macrophages."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Virol (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/JVI.00676-12"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00676-12"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23097438"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23097438"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Marcel Ooms, Bonnie Brayton, Michael Letko, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "HIV-1 Vif adaptation to human APOBEC3H haplotypes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Host Microbe (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.chom.2013.09.006"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2013.09.006"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24139399"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24139399"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Marcel Ooms, Aikaterini Krikoni, Andrea K Kress, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "APOBEC3A, APOBEC3B, and APOBEC3H haplotype 2 restrict human T-lymphotropic virus type 1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Virol (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/JVI.06570-11"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.06570-11"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22457529"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22457529"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eric W Refsland, Judd F Hultquist, Elizabeth M Luengas, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Natural polymorphisms in human APOBEC3H and HIV-1 Vif combine in primary T lymphocytes to affect viral G-to-A mutation levels and infectivity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS Genet (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pgen.1004761"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004761"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25411794"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25411794"}]}]}]}
Synonyms A3H, ARP-10
Proteins ABC3H_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID 164668
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions View APOBEC3H's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.
Co-expressed Genes View APOBEC3H's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines View APOBEC3H's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.

Functional Associations

APOBEC3H has 4,196 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, chemical, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 82 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for APOBEC3H from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Dataset Summary
Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles cell lines with fitness changed by APOBEC3H gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles tissue samples with high or low expression of APOBEC3H gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray tissue samples with high or low expression of APOBEC3H gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of APOBEC3H gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of APOBEC3H gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of APOBEC3H gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors binding the promoter of APOBEC3H gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 transcription factors binding the promoter of APOBEC3H gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas gene perturbations changing expression of APOBEC3H gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores cellular components containing APOBEC3H protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 cellular components containing APOBEC3H protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores cellular components co-occuring with APOBEC3H protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 cellular components co-occuring with APOBEC3H protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles cell lines with APOBEC3H gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency cell lines with fitness changed by APOBEC3H gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 diseases associated with APOBEC3H gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores diseases co-occuring with APOBEC3H gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 diseases co-occuring with APOBEC3H gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations diseases associated with APOBEC3H gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations phenotypes associated with APOBEC3H gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at APOBEC3H gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of APOBEC3H gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors binding the promoter of APOBEC3H gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations biological terms co-occuring with APOBEC3H gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing APOBEC3H from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases disease perturbations changing expression of APOBEC3H gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations gene perturbations changing expression of APOBEC3H gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations kinase perturbations changing expression of APOBEC3H gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules small molecule perturbations changing expression of APOBEC3H gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections virus perturbations changing expression of APOBEC3H gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections dataset.
GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 biological processes involving APOBEC3H gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset.
GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 biological processes involving APOBEC3H gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset.
GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 biological processes involving APOBEC3H gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations2025 dataset.
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 cellular components containing APOBEC3H protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset.
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 cellular components containing APOBEC3H protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 dataset.
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 cellular components containing APOBEC3H protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 dataset.
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 molecular functions performed by APOBEC3H gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset.
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 molecular functions performed by APOBEC3H gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 dataset.
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 molecular functions performed by APOBEC3H gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset.
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of APOBEC3H gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 tissues with high or low expression of APOBEC3H gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset.
GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles tissue samples with high or low expression of APOBEC3H gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
GTEx Tissue-Specific Aging Signatures tissue samples with high or low expression of APOBEC3H gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue-Specific Aging Signatures dataset.
GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 phenotypes associated with APOBEC3H gene in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.
GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations diseases associated with APOBEC3H gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations dataset.
GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations phenotypes associated with APOBEC3H gene in GWAS datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations dataset.
Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles cell lines with high or low expression of APOBEC3H gene relative to other cell lines from the Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes interacting metabolites for APOBEC3H protein from the curated HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes dataset.
HPA Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles cell lines with high or low expression of APOBEC3H gene relative to other cell lines from the HPA Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of APOBEC3H gene relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of APOBEC3H protein relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset.
HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles tissue samples with high or low expression of APOBEC3H gene relative to other tissue samples from the HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
Hub Proteins Protein-Protein Interactions interacting hub proteins for APOBEC3H from the curated Hub Proteins Protein-Protein Interactions dataset.
HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations phenotypes associated with APOBEC3H gene by text-mining GWAS publications from the HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.
InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations protein domains predicted for APOBEC3H protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.
JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets 2025 transcription factors regulating expression of APOBEC3H gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 transcription factors regulating expression of APOBEC3H gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 dataset.
JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors regulating expression of APOBEC3H gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
KEGG Pathways 2026 pathways involving APOBEC3H protein from the KEGG Pathways 2026 dataset.
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of APOBEC3H gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles cell lines with APOBEC3H gene mutations from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations transcription factor perturbations changing expression of APOBEC3H gene from the KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset.
LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations cellular components predicted to contain APOBEC3H protein from the LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations dataset.
NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box Gene Expression Profiles drug perturbations changing expression of APOBEC3H gene from the NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box dataset.
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations gene perturbations changing expression of APOBEC3H gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Mouse Gene Perturbations gene perturbations changing expression of APOBEC3H gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 pathways involving APOBEC3H protein from the PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 dataset.
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2024 pathways involving APOBEC3H protein from the Wikipathways PFOCR 2024 dataset.
Reactome Pathways 2024 pathways involving APOBEC3H protein from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset.
Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles cell types and tissues with high or low DNA methylation of APOBEC3H gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles dataset.
Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at APOBEC3H gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 transcription factors regulating expression of APOBEC3H gene from the Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 dataset.
RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures drug perturbations changing expression of APOBEC3H gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset.
RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures gene perturbations changing expression of APOBEC3H gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset.
Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations cell types with high or low expression of APOBEC3H gene relative to other cell types from the Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations dataset.
TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets microRNAs regulating expression of APOBEC3H gene predicted using nonconserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets dataset.
TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors tissue samples with high or low expression of APOBEC3H gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores tissues with high expression of APOBEC3H protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset.
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 tissues with high expression of APOBEC3H protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 tissues with high expression of APOBEC3H protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores tissues co-occuring with APOBEC3H protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset.
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 tissues co-occuring with APOBEC3H protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.