BCL9 Gene

Name	B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9
Description	BCL9 is associated with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It may be a target of translocation in B-cell malignancies with abnormalities of 1q21. Its function is unknown. The overexpression of BCL9 may be of pathogenic significance in B-cell malignancies. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n BCL9 is a pivotal co‐activator in the canonical Wnt/β–catenin signaling pathway that functions by directly binding to β–catenin through an α–helical domain, thereby facilitating its nuclear localization and assembly with TCF/LEF transcription factors to drive Wnt target gene expression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Aberrant regulation of BCL9 has been implicated in multiple malignancies; for example, elevated levels of BCL9 promote oncogenic β–catenin transcriptional activity, enhance cellular proliferation, and facilitate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and metastasis in cancers such as multiple myeloma and colon carcinoma."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In the context of intestinal tumors, upregulation of the homolog BCL9-2 is associated with early adenoma formation and progression by regulating both β–catenin-dependent and –independent targets"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", while distinct cytoplasmic functions of BCL9 and BCL9-2, such as their role in ameloblast vesicular trafficking during tooth enamel formation, indicate roles beyond transcription."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Structural studies have defined the specific interface between BCL9 and β–catenin, spurring the development of innovative inhibitors—such as stabilized α–helical peptides and sulfono–γ–AApeptides—that effectively disrupt the BCL9/β–catenin protein–protein interaction."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, BCL9 levels can be modulated by microRNAs—for instance, downregulation of miR–30 family members results in increased BCL9 expression and consequent enhancement of Wnt/β–catenin signaling in tumor cells."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In hepatocellular carcinoma, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α has been shown to induce BCL9 expression, further underscoring its contribution to aggressive tumor phenotypes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these findings highlight the multifaceted role of BCL9 in modulating Wnt/β–catenin signaling and underscore its emergence as a promising therapeutic target in a variety of Wnt-driven cancers."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kohichi Takada, Di Zhu, Gregory H Bird, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Targeted disruption of the BCL9/β-catenin complex inhibits oncogenic Wnt signaling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Transl Med (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1126/scitranslmed.3003808"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3003808"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22914623"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22914623"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "James Sampietro, Caroline L Dahlberg, Uhn Soo Cho, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Crystal structure of a beta-catenin/BCL9/Tcf4 complex."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.molcel.2006.09.001"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2006.09.001"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17052462"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17052462"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jian-Jun Zhao, Jianhong Lin, Di Zhu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "miR-30-5p functions as a tumor suppressor and novel therapeutic tool by targeting the oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin/BCL9 pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-3311-T"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-3311-T"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24599134"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24599134"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mala Mani, Daniel E Carrasco, Yunyu Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BCL9 promotes tumor progression by conferring enhanced proliferative, metastatic, and angiogenic properties to cancer cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-0773"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-0773"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19738061"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19738061"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Felix H Brembeck, Maria Wiese, Nathalie Zatula, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BCL9-2 promotes early stages of intestinal tumor progression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gastroenterology (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1053/j.gastro.2011.06.039"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2011.06.039"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21703997"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21703997"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Claudio Cantù, Pierfrancesco Pagella, Tania D Shajiei, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A cytoplasmic role of Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional cofactors Bcl9, Bcl9l, and Pygopus in tooth enamel formation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Signal (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1126/scisignal.aah4598"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.aah4598"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28174279"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28174279"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Marc de la Roche, Ashraf E K Ibrahim, Juliusz Mieszczanek, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LEF1 and B9L shield β-catenin from inactivation by Axin, desensitizing colorectal cancer cells to tankyrase inhibitors."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-2682"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-2682"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24419084"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24419084"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Peng Sang, Min Zhang, Yan Shi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Inhibition of β-catenin/B cell lymphoma 9 protein-protein interaction using α-helix-mimicking sulfono-γ-AApeptide inhibitors."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1819663116"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1819663116"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31088961"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31088961"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xuan Liu, Qing Ji, Chengcheng Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "miR-30a acts as a tumor suppressor by double-targeting COX-2 and BCL9 in H. pylori gastric cancer models."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41598-017-07193-w"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07193-w"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28769030"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28769030"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wei Xu, Wang Zhou, Mo Cheng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hypoxia activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling by regulating the expression of BCL9 in human hepatocellular carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/srep40446"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40446"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28074862"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28074862"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	LGS
Proteins	BCL9_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	607
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

BCL9 has 5,937 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 115 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for BCL9 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

BCL9 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of BCL9 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of BCL9 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of BCL9 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of BCL9 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of BCL9 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of BCL9 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of BCL9 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of BCL9 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of BCL9 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of BCL9 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with BCL9 gene mutations from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with BCL9 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with BCL9 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of BCL9 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of BCL9 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of BCL9 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of BCL9 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing BCL9 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing BCL9 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing BCL9 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with BCL9 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with BCL9 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of BCL9 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with BCL9 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with BCL9 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of BCL9 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by BCL9 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases involving BCL9 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases involving BCL9 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with BCL9 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with BCL9 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with BCL9 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with BCL9 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with BCL9 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at BCL9 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of BCL9 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of BCL9 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing BCL9 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with BCL9 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with BCL9 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.