{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n BST2 IFN‐Stimulated Positive Regulator (BISPR) is an interferon‐induced long non‐coding RNA that modulates key antiviral and pathological processes. BISPR was originally characterized as a positive regulator of BST2 expression, thereby amplifying interferon‐mediated antiviral signaling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In thyroid papillary carcinoma, BISPR is over‐expressed; functional studies demonstrated that BISPR enhances cell viability, propagation, and invasiveness by suppressing miR‐21‐5p, implicating it as a promoter of tumor progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In the context of viral infections, BISPR also appears to play a regulatory role in Hepatitis E virus (HEV) egress, as deletion of BISPR in hepatoma cells resulted in an approximately eightfold increase in virus release during early infection, suggesting that BISPR may normally act to restrict virion dissemination."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Furthermore, studies in immune-mediated pathologies indicate that BISPR expression correlates with disease activity, as observed in primary Sjögren’s syndrome, while alterations in circulating levels of BISPR have been linked to Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, with higher expression in naïve patients that normalizes following antiviral treatment"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Collectively, these findings position BISPR as a key interferon-stimulated lncRNA that regulates BST2 expression and influences both antiviral defenses and disease processes such as tumor progression and immune-related pathology.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Marina Barriocanal, Elena Carnero, Victor Segura, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Long Non-Coding RNA BST2/BISPR is Induced by IFN and Regulates the Expression of the Antiviral Factor Tetherin."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Front Immunol (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3389/fimmu.2014.00655"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00655"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25620967"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25620967"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hong Zhang, Yuechang Cai, Li Zheng, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Regulation of Interferon-Stimulated Gene BST2 by a lncRNA Transcribed from a Shared Bidirectional Promoter."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Front Immunol (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3389/fimmu.2014.00676"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00676"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25688240"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25688240"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nourhan M El Samaloty, Marwa I Shabayek, Ramy S Ghait, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Assessment of lncRNA GAS5, lncRNA HEIH, lncRNA BISPR and its mRNA BST2 as serum innovative non-invasive biomarkers: Recent insights into Egyptian patients with hepatitis C virus type 4."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "World J Gastroenterol (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3748/wjg.v26.i2.168"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v26.i2.168"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31988583"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31988583"}]}]}]}