BRF1 Gene

HGNC Family	General transcription factors (GTF)
Name	BRF1, RNA polymerase III transcription initiation factor 90 kDa subunit
Description	This gene encodes one of the three subunits of the RNA polymerase III transcription factor complex. This complex plays a central role in transcription initiation by RNA polymerase III on genes encoding tRNA, 5S rRNA, and other small structural RNAs. The gene product belongs to the TF2B family. Several alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms, that function at different promoters transcribed by RNA polymerase III, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBRF1 (also known as TIS11b/BRF1) functions as an RNA‐binding zinc finger protein that promotes rapid mRNA turnover. In mammalian cells, BRF1 binds AU‐rich elements in 3′ untranslated regions and facilitates the delivery of these transcripts to processing bodies for translational silencing and decay. Its mRNA decay activity is further fine‐tuned by post‐translational modifications—phosphorylation by kinases such as protein kinase B (Akt) and MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 can impair BRF1 function, thereby stabilizing target transcripts. Moreover, BRF1 directly regulates the decay of specific mRNAs, including those encoding angiogenic regulators, to modulate gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its role in mRNA decay, BRF1 is an essential component of the transcription factor TFIIIB that recruits RNA polymerase III to gene promoters. This activity is critical for the transcription of small noncoding RNAs such as tRNAs and 5S rRNA. BRF1’s function in this context is tightly regulated by a number of upstream signals and modifications. For instance, it is subject to control by the protein kinase CK2, interacts with transcription factors (e.g. Sp1) that modulate its gene expression, and is targeted for ubiquitination by RNF12—all mechanisms that converge to finely calibrate RNA polymerase III transcription."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "7", "end_ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nClinically, aberrations in BRF1 expression and function bear significant consequences. Overexpression of BRF1 is frequently observed in several cancers—including breast, liver, and prostate—where enhanced RNA polymerase III activity contributes to increased biosynthetic capacity, cell transformation, and tumor progression. Conversely, loss‐of‐function mutations in BRF1 have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders such as cerebellofaciodental syndrome, characterized by growth retardation, craniofacial anomalies, and intellectual disability. In addition, dysregulation of BRF1 can influence cell cycle control and senescence escape, underscoring its dual impact on both physiological development and oncogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "12", "end_ref": "26"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}]}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tobias M Franks, Jens Lykke-Andersen "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TTP and BRF proteins nucleate processing body formation to silence mRNAs with AU-rich elements."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes Dev (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1101/gad.1494707"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1494707"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17369404"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17369404"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Georg Stoecklin, Marco Colombi, Ines Raineri, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Functional cloning of BRF1, a regulator of ARE-dependent mRNA turnover."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "EMBO J (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/emboj/cdf444"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/cdf444"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12198173"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12198173"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Martin Schmidlin, Min Lu, Sabrina A Leuenberger, et al. 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Synonyms	TFIIIB90, BRF-1, HEL-S-76P, CFDS, BRF, TAF3C, TF3B90, HBRF, GTF3B, TAFIII90, TAF3B2
Proteins	TF3B_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	2972
API
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Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

BRF1 has 4,755 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 112 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for BRF1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

BRF1 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of BRF1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of BRF1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of BRF1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of BRF1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of BRF1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of BRF1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Biocarta Pathways	pathways involving BRF1 protein from the Biocarta Pathways dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of BRF1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of BRF1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of BRF1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of BRF1 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of BRF1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of BRF1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of BRF1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of BRF1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025	phenotypes associated with BRF1 gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.
	CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas	gene perturbations changing expression of BRF1 gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of BRF1 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing BRF1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing BRF1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with BRF1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with BRF1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	CORUM Protein Complexes	protein complexs containing BRF1 protein from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of BRF1 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with BRF1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with BRF1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with BRF1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of BRF1 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with BRF1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with BRF1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with BRF1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with BRF1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at BRF1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of BRF1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of BRF1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing BRF1 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with BRF1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with BRF1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of BRF1 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with BRF1 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.