{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n CALML3‐AS1 is a long noncoding RNA whose functions appear to be highly context‐dependent across different pathologies. In bladder cancer, CALML3‐AS1 is markedly upregulated and its overexpression correlates with advanced tumor staging and poorer patient prognosis. Functional studies indicate that CALML3‐AS1 promotes cell proliferation, accelerates cell‐cycle progression, and enhances migration and invasion while inhibiting apoptosis; mechanistically, it acts as a sponge for microRNA‐4316, thereby relieving its inhibitory effects on ZBTB2—an event that contributes to tumorigenesis via p21 repression and enhanced PDK4 transcription."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In osteoarthritis, CALML3‐AS1 appears to play a protective role in chondrocyte homeostasis. Its overexpression leads to the upregulation of Smad4 by sequestering miR‐146a, which in turn contributes to decreased chondrocyte proliferation and apoptosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In papillary thyroid cancer, CALML3‐AS1 is downregulated compared to normal tissues, and its upregulation suppresses cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, CALML3‐AS1 functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR‐20a‐5p, thereby modulating RBM38 expression and inhibiting cancer progression. Importantly, higher levels of CALML3‐AS1 in this context are associated with a better prognosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In cervical cancer, CALML3‐AS1 is aberrantly upregulated and correlates with advanced FIGO stage, higher histological grade, and reduced overall survival. Knockdown experiments demonstrate that reducing CALML3‐AS1 levels suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while inducing apoptosis. This appears to be mediated at least in part by the downregulation of key components of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway including β‐catenin, cyclin D1, and c‐myc."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these studies indicate that CALML3‐AS1 may function either as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor depending on the cellular context. Its involvement in critical signaling pathways and its impact on cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration suggest that CALML3‐AS1 could serve as a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in diverse diseases.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Feng Wang, Yanwen Zu, Weiping Huang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LncRNA CALML3-AS1 promotes tumorigenesis of bladder cancer via regulating ZBTB2 by suppression of microRNA-4316."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.150"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.150"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30177388"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30177388"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tingting Nie, Chengqiang Zhang, Gailian Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LncRNA CALML3-AS1 regulates chondrocyte apoptosis by acting as a sponge for miR-146a."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Autoimmunity (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1080/08916934.2021.1943663"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/08916934.2021.1943663"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34282692"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34282692"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiaozhou Zhang, Xiaojian Zhang, Qian Jia, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LncRNA CALML3-AS1 suppresses papillary thyroid cancer progression via sponging miR-20a-5p/RBM38 axis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Cancer (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12885-022-09360-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-022-09360-3"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35351042"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35351042"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "C-N Liu, H-Y Zhang, C-L Liu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Upregulation of lncRNA CALML3-AS1 promotes cell proliferation and metastasis in cervical cancer via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.26355/eurrev_201907_18295"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_201907_18295"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31298313"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31298313"}]}]}]}