CAND2 Gene

Name	cullin-associated and neddylation-dissociated 2 (putative)
Description	Predicted to enable TBP-class protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in SCF complex assembly; positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription; and protein ubiquitination. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n CAND2 is a multifunctional protein that has been implicated in several biological contexts. In the cardiovascular system, genetic variation in CAND2 has been linked to atrial fibrillation susceptibility. In particular, GWAS and functional studies in zebrafish have shown that knockdown of CAND2 can markedly prolong atrial action potential duration, suggesting a role for CAND2 in maintaining proper atrial electrophysiology."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In muscle biology, a muscle‐specific isoform of TIP120—referred to as TIP120B/CAND2—has been demonstrated to promote myogenic differentiation. By binding to cullin proteins and disrupting the assembly of the SCF–myogenin complex, CAND2 suppresses myogenin ubiquitination and degradation, thereby stabilizing this key transcription factor and accelerating muscle differentiation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In cardiomyocytes, recent work has revealed that CAND2 is translationally upregulated in an mTOR‐dependent manner. This upregulation links mTOR signaling with pathological cardiac remodeling through increased expression of proteins such as Grk5, and deletion of CAND2 has been shown to confer protection against adverse myocardial remodeling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Beyond animal physiology, in plants CAND2 has been identified as a melatonin receptor (PMTR1/CAND2) that mediates responses to abiotic stress. Signaling through this receptor appears to engage G protein and MAPK cascades, thus integrating phytomelatonin signaling with stress response pathways."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these studies highlight that CAND2 plays pleiotropic roles by modulating proteostasis in muscle, regulating atrial electrophysiology and pathological remodeling in the heart, and functioning as a receptor in plant hormonal signaling. Variations in CAND2 may therefore have far‐reaching biological and clinical implications."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Moritz F Sinner, Nathan R Tucker, Kathryn L Lunetta, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Integrating genetic, transcriptional, and functional analyses to identify 5 novel genes for atrial fibrillation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Circulation (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009892"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009892"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25124494"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25124494"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tiemin Wei, Jingjing Song, Min Xu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "NEURL rs6584555 and CAND2 rs4642101 contribute to postoperative atrial fibrillation: a prospective study among Chinese population."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncotarget (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.18632/oncotarget.9422"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.9422"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27203392"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27203392"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Seiji Shiraishi, Chang Zhou, Tsutomu Aoki, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TBP-interacting protein 120B (TIP120B)/cullin-associated and neddylation-dissociated 2 (CAND2) inhibits SCF-dependent ubiquitination of myogenin and accelerates myogenic differentiation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M611513200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M611513200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17242400"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17242400"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Agnieszka A Górska, Clara Sandmann, Eva Riechert, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Muscle-specific Cand2 is translationally upregulated by mTORC1 and promotes adverse cardiac remodeling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "EMBO Rep (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.15252/embr.202052170"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.202052170"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34605609"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34605609"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ying Liu, Xiaoyun Wang, Hongmei Lv, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anabolism and signaling pathways of phytomelatonin."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Exp Bot (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/jxb/erac158"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erac158"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35430630"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35430630"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pengxia Wang, Weixi Qin, Pengyun Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genomic Variants in NEURL, GJA1 and CUX2 Significantly Increase Genetic Susceptibility to Atrial Fibrillation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41598-018-21611-7"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21611-7"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29459676"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29459676"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	TIP120B, TP120B
Proteins	CAND2_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	23066
API
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Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

CAND2 has 5,216 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 106 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for CAND2 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

CAND2 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CAND2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CAND2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of CAND2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of CAND2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CAND2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CAND2 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of CAND2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of CAND2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of CAND2 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of CAND2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CAND2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with CAND2 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with CAND2 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CAND2 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of CAND2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of CAND2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of CAND2 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing CAND2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with CAND2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with CAND2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of CAND2 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with CAND2 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CAND2 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of CAND2 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by CAND2 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with CAND2 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with CAND2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with CAND2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CAND2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with CAND2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at CAND2 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CAND2 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of CAND2 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing CAND2 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CAND2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CAND2 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with CAND2 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
	GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing CAND2 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases	disease perturbations changing expression of CAND2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations	gene perturbations changing expression of CAND2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.