{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n CARD19, also known as BinCARD‐2 and encoded by the properly spliced C9orf89 gene product, is a mitochondrial protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD). Early overexpression studies suggested that CARD19 (originally identified alongside an incompletely spliced BinCARD‐1 variant) might inhibit NF‑κB activation via interaction with Bcl10 and promotion of its degradation. However, ex vivo analyses in primary T cells have demonstrated that loss of endogenous CARD19 expression has little effect on T cell receptor–dependent, Bcl10‐mediated NF‑κB signaling (‐."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In innate immunity, the BinCARD2 isoform (i.e. CARD19) has been implicated in the antiviral response by associating with the adaptor MAVS; knockdown of CARD19 attenuates RIG‑I–like receptor signaling, resulting in reduced interferon‑β production and impaired MAVS oligomerization (3). In addition, unbiased machine learning analyses of transcriptomes in poultry models have highlighted CARD19 as a gene directly connected with stress conditions, suggesting that its expression may serve as a potential biomarker of stress and may be linked to cellular pathways involved in damage and apoptosis (4,5). Moreover, investigations in Card19‐deficient mice revealed that macrophages from one line exhibited resistance to cell lysis and diminished apoptosis, yet further analysis determined that this phenotype was due to off‐target effects on the adjacent Ninj1 gene rather than the loss of CARD19 per se (6). Collectively, these findings indicate that CARD19 is a mitochondrial CARD‐containing protein whose originally postulated role in regulating T cell receptor–dependent NF‑κB signaling appears minimal under physiological conditions, while its participation in innate immune signaling and potential involvement in cellular stress responses merit further investigation.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kariana E Rios, Anuj K Kashyap, Sean K Maynard, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CARD19, the protein formerly known as BinCARD, is a mitochondrial protein that does not regulate Bcl10-dependent NF-κB activation after TCR engagement."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Immunol (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104179"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104179"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32763502"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32763502"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kariana E Rios, Ming Zhou, Nathaniel M Lott, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CARD19 Interacts with Mitochondrial Contact Site and Cristae Organizing System Constituent Proteins and Regulates Cristae Morphology."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cells (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/cells11071175"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11071175"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35406738"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35406738"}]}]}]}