{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Emerging evidence suggests that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical regulatory roles in both disease and development. In this context, CASC17 appears to be a regulatory lncRNA that may modulate gene dosage and expression in tissue‐specific manners. For instance, studies of canine mammary tumors have demonstrated that aberrant copy number changes – which deregulate key oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes – are central to tumor progression, thereby implicating regulatory non‐coding elements in such processes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In parallel, genome‐wide analyses of complex morphological traits, such as facial shape and craniofacial variation, underscore the contribution of genetically encoded regulatory programs that operate early in development; these studies reveal that loci influencing facial morphology are enriched for regulatory elements active in cranial neural crest cells."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, comprehensive transcriptomic profiling in dogs has shown that many lncRNAs exhibit strong tissue specificity and are likely to act as regulatory elements controlling nearby protein‐coding genes, with conservation observed between dog and human transcriptomes suggesting similar functions in both species."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Early insights from additional studies also point to regulatory roles for lncRNAs in modulating phenotype, both in pathological settings and normal variation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Together, these findings support the notion that CASC17, in line with other lncRNAs, may function as a pivotal regulatory element that contributes to cancer progression and influences normal developmental processes.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kaja S Borge, Silje Nord, Peter Van Loo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Canine Mammary Tumours Are Affected by Frequent Copy Number Aberrations, including Amplification of MYC and Loss of PTEN."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0126371"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126371"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25955013"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25955013"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Peter Claes, Jasmien Roosenboom, Julie D White, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genome-wide mapping of global-to-local genetic effects on human facial shape."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Genet (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41588-018-0057-4"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-018-0057-4"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29459680"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29459680"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stephen Richmond, Laurence J Howe, Sarah Lewis, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Facial Genetics: A Brief Overview."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Front Genet (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3389/fgene.2018.00462"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2018.00462"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30386375"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30386375"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Céline Le Béguec, Valentin Wucher, Lætitia Lagoutte, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Characterisation and functional predictions of canine long non-coding RNAs."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41598-018-31770-2"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-31770-2"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30194329"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30194329"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Victoria E Jackson, Jeanne C Latourelle, Louise V Wain, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Meta-analysis of exome array data identifies six novel genetic loci for lung function."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wellcome Open Res (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12583.3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12583.3"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30175238"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30175238"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kye Won Park, Sungyang Jo, Mi Sun Kim, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genomic Association Study for Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Front Neurol (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3389/fneur.2020.579268"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.579268"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33613413"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33613413"}]}]}]}