{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Cancer susceptibility 19 (CASC19) is a long non‐coding RNA whose aberrant expression has been reported in multiple malignancies, where it exerts oncogenic functions by modulating key cell signalling pathways and promoting aggressive tumor behaviors. In colorectal cancer, for example, elevated CASC19 levels correlate with enhanced cell migration and metastasis, with functional studies demonstrating that CASC19 knockdown inhibits tumor cell motility (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In non‐small cell lung cancer, CASC19 facilitates proliferation, migration, and invasion by acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) that sponges microRNAs – including miR‑130b‑3p and miR‑301b‑3p – to derepress targets such as ZEB2 and LDLR."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Likewise, in pancreatic cancer, CASC19 promotes tumor progression through the miR‑148b/E2F7 axis"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and in glioma, it contributes to tumor growth and metastasis by sponging miR‑454‑3p to upregulate RAB5A."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, CASC19 has been implicated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma radioresistance by modulating autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR and PARP1 pathways"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and its overexpression in rectal cancer is positively correlated with SLC7A5 expression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Beyond these oncologic contexts, CASC19 also appears to participate in non-malignant diseases; for instance, in osteoarthritis it accelerates chondrocyte apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine production through a miR‑152‑3p/DDX6‐dependent mechanism."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, genetic studies have identified CASC19 as part of an 8q24 risk haplotype that confers a high predisposition to prostate cancer."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Together, these findings indicate that CASC19 functions as an oncogenic lncRNA acting via diverse miRNA-mediated mechanisms to regulate cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, invasion, and treatment response, thereby emerging as a promising biomarker and potential therapeutic target across a spectrum of diseases.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jian Jun Wang, Xiao Min Li, Lei He, et al. 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