{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Recent studies have uncovered important tumor‐suppressive roles for the long non‐coding RNA CASC2 in human cancers. In non‐small cell lung cancer, CASC2 is markedly down‐regulated relative to normal tissue, and its expression is enhanced by the RNA‐binding protein RNPC1, which binds directly to CASC2 and stabilizes its mRNA. Elevated levels of CASC2 inhibit cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while promoting apoptosis. These effects are mediated, at least in part, through a competitive endogenous RNA mechanism whereby RNPC1‐enhanced CASC2 limits the activity of miR-181a by sequestering it."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Likewise, in hepatocellular carcinoma, CASC2 is down‐regulated in tumor tissues and cell lines, and its overexpression significantly impairs cell viability, colony formation, migration, and invasion. Mechanistic investigations revealed that CASC2 directly downregulates miR-183, leading to inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is critical for the malignant behavior of these cells."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In related research, the regulation of cellular processes by RNA-binding proteins has been further highlighted. For example, RNPC1, in addition to modulating CASC2 in lung cancer, was shown to suppress stemness in endometrial cancer cells via activation of the Hippo pathway, underscoring the broader impact of RNA-mediated networks in oncogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, molecular approaches that integrate genetic and morphological data have provided insights into diverse biological systems such as the phylogeny of the bark beetle genus Scolytus, demonstrating the wide-ranging applications of RNA studies beyond human disease."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Limin Yang, Yu Zhang, Chunhua Ling, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "RNPC1 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer progression via regulating miR-181a/CASC2 axis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biotechnol Lett (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s10529-017-2504-1"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-017-2504-1"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29288351"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29288351"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jian Sun, Lijun Liu, Huilian Zou, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The Long Non-Coding RNA CASC2 Suppresses Cell Viability, Migration, and Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Directly Downregulating miR-183."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yonsei Med J (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3349/ymj.2019.60.10.905"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2019.60.10.905"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31538425"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31538425"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "XingMei Wu, YongHui Wang, WeiJuan Zhong, et al. 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