{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Long non‐coding RNA CCDC144NL‑AS1 has emerged as a multifunctional regulator implicated in a variety of pathological processes, primarily in several cancers but also in non‐malignant disorders. In gastrointestinal malignancies, notably gastric cancer and stomach adenocarcinoma, CCDC144NL‑AS1 is frequently upregulated and its high expression is associated with larger tumor size, enhanced lymph node metastasis, and poor patient prognosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Mechanistically, this lncRNA functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging tumor‐suppressive microRNAs – for example, miR‑143‑3p in gastric cancer, miR‑490‑3p in non‑small cell lung cancer, and miR‑940 in hepatocellular carcinoma – thereby relieving inhibition of downstream targets such as MAP3K7, SERPINE1, and WDR5. These interactions activate signaling pathways that promote proliferation, migration, and invasion while inhibiting apoptosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}, {"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "4", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In colorectal cancer, copy number variations that involve CCDC144NL‑AS1 are linked to poor prognosis, underscoring its potential as a prognostic biomarker."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Beyond cancer, elevated expression of CCDC144NL‑AS1 in ectopic endometrial tissues appears to enhance cell migration and invasion, implicating it in the pathogenesis of endometriosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Conversely, in human pluripotent stem cells, knockdown of CCDC144NL‑AS1 induces a conversion to a naïve-like state characterized by increased expression of pluripotency-associated genes, reduced repressive chromatin modifications, inhibition of MAPK (ERK) signaling, and increased β-catenin activity along with upregulation of LIF/STAT3 targets."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In an interesting contrast, CCDC144NL‑AS1 is downregulated in psoriatic lesions relative to normal skin, suggesting that its function is context dependent."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, the studies indicate that CCDC144NL‑AS1 can act as an oncogene by modulating key processes such as cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival through its ceRNA activity and downstream signaling effects. These multifaceted roles render CCDC144NL‑AS1 a promising biomarker for disease prognosis as well as a potential therapeutic target across a range of conditions.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hao Fan, Yugang Ge, Xiang Ma, et al. 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