| Name | cellular communication network factor 2 |
| Description | The protein encoded by this gene is a mitogen that is secreted by vascular endothelial cells. The encoded protein plays a role in chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, cell adhesion in many cell types, and is related to platelet-derived growth factor. Certain polymorphisms in this gene have been linked with a higher incidence of systemic sclerosis. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009] |
| Summary |
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), also known as CCN2, is a secreted matricellular protein that plays multifaceted roles in pathological tissue remodeling and tumor progression. In the context of cancer, CTGF is overexpressed in certain metastatic breast cancer cell subpopulations where it acts as an osteolytic and angiogenic factor that collaborates with cytokines (e.g. interleukin‐11) to promote bone metastasis (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, CTGF has been shown to have critical functions in fibrosis. In the failing heart, for example, CTGF is a key profibrotic mediator whose expression is normally kept in check by cardiac microRNAs such as miR‑133 and miR‑30; downregulation of these miRNAs in pathological hypertrophy permits CTGF accumulation, thereby contributing to increased collagen deposition and adverse extracellular matrix remodeling (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Furthermore, CTGF is a direct transcriptional target of the Hippo pathway effector TAZ. In breast cancer cells, TAZ cooperates with TEAD transcription factors to induce CTGF expression, which in turn promotes cell adhesion, proliferation, invasion, and even chemoresistance (see"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Overall, CCN2/CTGF serves as a critical mediator linking extracellular matrix signaling to both fibrogenic and oncogenic processes. Its ability to regulate cell–matrix interactions, stimulate angiogenesis, and promote fibrotic as well as metastatic responses underscores its importance as a potential therapeutic target in diseases characterized by aberrant tissue remodeling and malignant progression (1,2,3,4).\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yibin Kang, Peter M Siegel, Weiping Shu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A multigenic program mediating breast cancer metastasis to bone."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Cell (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s1535-6108(03)00132-6"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s1535-6108(03"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00132-6) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12842083"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12842083"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rudy F Duisters, Anke J Tijsen, Blanche Schroen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "miR-133 and miR-30 regulate connective tissue growth factor: implications for a role of microRNAs in myocardial matrix remodeling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Circ Res (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.182535"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.182535"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19096030"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19096030"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Heng Zhang, Chen-Ying Liu, Zheng-Yu Zha, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TEAD transcription factors mediate the function of TAZ in cell growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M900843200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M900843200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19324877"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19324877"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dulcie Lai, King Ching Ho, Yawei Hao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Taxol resistance in breast cancer cells is mediated by the hippo pathway component TAZ and its downstream transcriptional targets Cyr61 and CTGF."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-2711"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-2711"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21349946"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21349946"}]}]}]}
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| NCBI Gene ID | 1490 |
| API | |
| Download Associations | |
| Predicted Functions |
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| Co-expressed Genes |
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| Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
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CCN2 has 9,577 functional associations with biological entities spanning 5 categories (chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 50 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for CCN2 from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
| Dataset | Summary | |
|---|---|---|
| Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of CCN2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures | small molecule perturbations changing expression of CCN2 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset. | |
| CCLE Cell Line Proteomics | Cell lines associated with CCN2 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset. | |
| CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations | cell types associated with CCN2 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 | transcription factors binding the promoter of CCN2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset. | |
| CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas | gene perturbations changing expression of CCN2 gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset. | |
| CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies | assemblies containing CCN2 protein from integrated AP-MS and IF data from the CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components containing CCN2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components containing CCN2 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components co-occuring with CCN2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action | small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of CCN2 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset. | |
| DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency | cell lines with fitness changed by CCN2 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset. | |
| DGIdb Drug Targets 2026 | interacting drugs for CCN2 protein from the DGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset. | |
| DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases co-occuring with CCN2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with CCN2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
| DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with CCN2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset. | |
| GlyGen Glycosylated Proteins | ligands (chemical) binding CCN2 protein from the GlyGen Glycosylated Proteins dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 | biological processes involving CCN2 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 | biological processes involving CCN2 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations2025 dataset. | |
| GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 | cellular components containing CCN2 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 | cellular components containing CCN2 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 | molecular functions performed by CCN2 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 | molecular functions performed by CCN2 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 | tissues with high or low expression of CCN2 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue-Specific Aging Signatures | tissue samples with high or low expression of CCN2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue-Specific Aging Signatures dataset. | |
| GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 | phenotypes associated with CCN2 gene in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset. | |
| HuBMAP ASCT+B Annotations | cell types associated with CCN2 gene from the HuBMAP ASCT+B dataset. | |
| HuBMAP ASCT+B Augmented with RNA-seq Coexpression | cell types associated with CCN2 gene from the HuBMAP ASCT+B Augmented with RNA-seq Coexpression dataset. | |
| HuBMAP Azimuth Cell Type Annotations | cell types associated with CCN2 gene from the HuBMAP Azimuth Cell Type Annotations dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets 2025 | transcription factors regulating expression of CCN2 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 | transcription factors regulating expression of CCN2 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 dataset. | |
| KEGG Pathways 2026 | pathways involving CCN2 protein from the KEGG Pathways 2026 dataset. | |
| LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbation Consensus Signatures | small molecule perturbations changing expression of CCN2 gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbations Consensus Signatures dataset. | |
| LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of CCN2 gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures dataset. | |
| MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by CCN2 gene mutations from the MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 dataset. | |
| MoTrPAC Rat Endurance Exercise Training | tissue samples with high or low expression of CCN2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the MoTrPAC Rat Endurance Exercise Training dataset. | |
| NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box Gene Expression Profiles | drug perturbations changing expression of CCN2 gene from the NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box dataset. | |
| PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 | pathways involving CCN2 protein from the PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 dataset. | |
| PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2024 | pathways involving CCN2 protein from the Wikipathways PFOCR 2024 dataset. | |
| Reactome Pathways 2024 | pathways involving CCN2 protein from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset. | |
| Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 RPE1 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of CCN2 gene from the Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 RPE1 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 | transcription factors regulating expression of CCN2 gene from the Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of CCN2 gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of CCN2 gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| Sci-Plex Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of CCN2 gene from the Sci-Plex Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| Tahoe Therapeutics Tahoe 100M Perturbation Atlas | drug perturbations changing expression of CCN2 gene from the Tahoe Therapeutics Tahoe 100M Perturbation Atlas dataset. | |
| TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of CCN2 protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of CCN2 protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues co-occuring with CCN2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| WikiPathways Pathways 2024 | pathways involving CCN2 protein from the WikiPathways Pathways 2024 dataset. | |
