CD86 Gene

HGNC Family	CD molecules (CD), Immunoglobulin superfamily domain containing
Name	CD86 molecule
Description	This gene encodes a type I membrane protein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. This protein is expressed by antigen-presenting cells, and it is the ligand for two proteins at the cell surface of T cells, CD28 antigen and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4. Binding of this protein with CD28 antigen is a costimulatory signal for activation of the T-cell. Binding of this protein with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 negatively regulates T-cell activation and diminishes the immune response. Alternative splicing results in several transcript variants encoding different isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, May 2011]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n CD86 is a key costimulatory molecule expressed on antigen‐presenting cells – most notably dendritic cells and macrophages – that plays a central role in shaping T cell responses. Its interaction with receptors such as CD28 on T cells provides the necessary “second‐signal” for full T cell activation, while its modulation is critical for maintaining peripheral tolerance. For example, naturally occurring regulatory T cells employ CTLA‑4 to down‐regulate CD86 (and CD80) on dendritic cells, thereby dampening T cell activation and helping to prevent autoimmunity even as potent anti‐tumor immunity may emerge."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, genetic alterations in CTLA‑4 that affect its ability to bind to CD86 (as well as CD80) have been linked to an increased risk for autoimmune disorders."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In the context of the tumor microenvironment, conditions such as hypoxia can influence the expression of multiple costimulatory molecules, including CD86 on myeloid-derived suppressor cells and other immune cells, thereby affecting the balance between immune activation and suppression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, differences in macrophage polarization also correlate with CD86 expression: classically activated (proinflammatory) macrophages tend to express higher levels of costimulatory molecules like CD86 compared to their alternatively activated counterparts, potentially contributing to their superior capacity to initiate T cell responses."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In some tumors, however, the down‐modulation of CD86—as part of an overall reduction in antigen-presenting and costimulatory functions—has been associated with a suppressive microenvironment that favors tumor progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these studies underscore that CD86 is not only essential for delivering costimulatory signals to T cells but also a dynamic target of immune regulation. Its modulation—whether by T regulatory cell activity, genetic alterations affecting its ligand‐binding interactions, or environmental cues within tumors—can determine the balance between effective immune activation, tolerance, and even the potential to trigger autoimmunity.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kajsa Wing, Yasushi Onishi, Paz Prieto-Martin, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CTLA-4 control over Foxp3+ regulatory T cell function."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Science (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1126/science.1160062"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1160062"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18845758"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18845758"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hironori Ueda, Joanna M M Howson, Laura Esposito, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Association of the T-cell regulatory gene CTLA4 with susceptibility to autoimmune disease."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nature01621"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01621"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12724780"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12724780"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Desirée Schubert, Claudia Bode, Rupert Kenefeck, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Autosomal dominant immune dysregulation syndrome in humans with CTLA4 mutations."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Med (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nm.3746"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3746"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25329329"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25329329"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Muhammad Zaeem Noman, Giacomo Desantis, Bassam Janji, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PD-L1 is a novel direct target of HIF-1α, and its blockade under hypoxia enhanced MDSC-mediated T cell activation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Exp Med (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1084/jem.20131916"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20131916"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24778419"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24778419"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Frank A W Verreck, Tjitske de Boer, Dennis M L Langenberg, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Human IL-23-producing type 1 macrophages promote but IL-10-producing type 2 macrophages subvert immunity to (myco)bacteria."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0400983101"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400983101"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15070757"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15070757"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dong-Ming Kuang, Qiyi Zhao, Chen Peng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Activated monocytes in peritumoral stroma of hepatocellular carcinoma foster immune privilege and disease progression through PD-L1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Exp Med (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1084/jem.20082173"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20082173"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19451266"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19451266"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	CD28LG2, LAB72, B7-2, B7.2, B70
Proteins	CD86_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	942
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

CD86 has 11,389 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 114 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for CD86 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

CD86 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CD86 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CD86 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of CD86 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of CD86 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CD86 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Biocarta Pathways	pathways involving CD86 protein from the Biocarta Pathways dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CD86 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of CD86 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of CD86 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of CD86 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CD86 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with CD86 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CD86 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of CD86 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of CD86 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of CD86 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing CD86 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing CD86 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with CD86 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with CD86 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of CD86 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with CD86 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with CD86 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CD86 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with CD86 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by CD86 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases associated with CD86 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with CD86 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with CD86 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with CD86 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CD86 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with CD86 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	DrugBank Drug Targets	interacting drugs for CD86 protein from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at CD86 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CD86 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of CD86 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing CD86 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CD86 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CD86 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CD86 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.