{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Coronin‐1A (CORO1A) is a highly conserved actin‐binding protein predominantly expressed in leukocytes that plays multifaceted roles in immune cell function by orchestrating cytoskeletal dynamics. Structural analyses have demonstrated that CORO1A contains multiple WD‐repeat domains forming a β‐propeller as well as a C‐terminal coiled–coil domain required for oligomerization and proper subcellular localization; these features are essential for its interactions with filamentous actin (F‐actin) (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In T lymphocytes, CORO1A is critical for the generation of intracellular calcium signals upon T cell receptor engagement, thereby promoting interleukin‐2 production, cell activation, survival, and proper thymic egress. Mutations affecting CORO1A’s structure or its oligomerization result in impaired T cell homeostasis, reduced numbers of naïve T cells, and consequent immunodeficiency with susceptibility to viral infections and lymphoproliferative disorders (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "4", "end_ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Beyond its role in T cells, CORO1A modulates actin polymerization to facilitate chemokine‐mediated migration of leukocytes and contributes to optimal Rac1 activation via cytoskeletal feedback loops, thereby supporting effective cell motility and immune surveillance (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "11", "end_ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In natural killer cells, CORO1A is required for the remodeling of cortical F‐actin at the immunological synapse, a process that promotes the deconstruction of actin networks to allow efficient delivery of lytic granules and cytotoxic function (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In macrophages, CORO1A is strategically recruited to mycobacterial phagosomes where it activates Ca2⁺–dependent signaling pathways—such as through calcineurin activation—to delay phagosome–lysosome fusion, thereby facilitating intracellular pathogen survival. Moreover, CORO1A’s modulation of autophagosome formation can influence the host’s antimicrobial responses, and it may serve as a critical node in Rab27a–dependent regulation of actin dynamics during early phagocytic events (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "15", "end_ref": "18"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Additionally, CORO1A plays roles in other immune effector functions. It helps regulate mast cell degranulation by modulating actin rearrangements necessary for secretion, and its dysregulation has been linked to altered neutrophil survival and apoptotic responses (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "19", "end_ref": "23"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these studies establish CORO1A as a key regulator of actin cytoskeletal remodeling and intracellular signaling cascades that are fundamental for lymphocyte survival, migration, and effector functions, as well as for the orchestration of phagosome dynamics in professional phagocytes. Disruption of CORO1A function by genetic mutations leads to immune dysregulation and clinical immunodeficiency, underscoring its pivotal role in host defense and immune homeostasis (see."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "24"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "25"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "John Gatfield, Imke Albrecht, Bettina Zanolari, et al. 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