{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Complexin I (CPLX1) is a neuronal‐specific regulatory protein that functions as an essential modulator of SNARE‐mediated vesicle fusion. By binding to assembling SNARE complexes via its conserved central α‐helix, CPLX1 plays a dual role in synaptic exocytosis: it facilitates the priming of synaptic vesicles for calcium‐triggered, synchronous release while simultaneously clamping premature fusion events. Its activity is finely tuned by distinct domains, including an N‐terminal region that promotes Ca²⁺–triggered release and accessory sequences that can inhibit fast exocytosis, ensuring that neurotransmitter release occurs with proper timing and synchrony."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Notably, CPLX1 is enriched in inhibitory synapses and is critical not only for normal synaptic transmission but also for the precision of postsynaptic responses, as evidenced by altered expression levels in neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and depression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Furthermore, the disruption or deletion of CPLX1 in animal models results in impaired neurotransmitter release kinetics, deficits in motor coordination, social behavior abnormalities, and anxiety‐like phenotypes, underscoring its pivotal role in both synaptic function and complex behavioral processes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "5", "end_ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition to its synaptic roles, CPLX1 has been shown to contribute to regulated exocytosis in non‐neuronal secretory cells – for instance, pancreatic beta cells, where it is necessary for proper insulin secretion – and even in sperm acrosome exocytosis, indicating its broader importance in calcium‐dependent exocytic events."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, emerging evidence highlights that stress‐ and activity–dependent regulatory mechanisms (including miRNA‐mediated pathways) can modulate CPLX1 expression, thereby impacting both presynaptic release properties and behavioral outcomes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Collectively, these studies establish CPLX1 as a key molecular component that fine-tunes vesicle priming and fusion, ensuring rapid and synchronized neurotransmitter as well as hormone release, with dysfunction of this protein contributing to diverse neurophysiological and behavioral deficits.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mingshan Xue, Kerstin Reim, Xiaocheng Chen, et al. 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