{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n CRACD, also known as KIAA1211 or CRAD, is a protein implicated in regulating actin dynamics and, by extension, mechanotransduction within cells. In colorectal cancer, reduced CRACD expression has been linked to enhanced tumor cell softening, deregulated epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and increased stemness and metastatic potential through alterations in the subcellular localization of key factors (e.g. YAP), which in turn leads to deregulation of stemness markers such as NANOG and OCT4."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In contrast, in non‐small cell lung cancer CRACD/KIAA1211 is significantly overexpressed relative to normal tissue, and its inhibition via shRNA reduces cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis, thereby suppressing tumor progression in both in vitro and xenograft models."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Consistent with its involvement in oncogenesis, CRACD is also found to be upregulated in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, suggesting a contributory role in tumor development or progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Beyond human cancers, genetic studies in chickens have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in the KIAA1211 gene that correlate with abdominal fat deposition traits, pointing to broader roles in tissue growth and cellular differentiation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In summary, CRACD appears to function in a context‐dependent manner: while its downregulation in colorectal cancer promotes tumor stemness and metastasis through altered mechanical signaling, its overexpression in non‐small cell lung and breast cancers supports tumor cell proliferation and survival. These findings underscore the multifaceted roles of CRACD in cell structural dynamics and oncogenic processes.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yuhan Chang, Juan Zhang, Xinying Huo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Substrate rigidity dictates colorectal tumorigenic cell stemness and metastasis via CRAD-dependent mechanotransduction."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Rep (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110390"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110390"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35172140"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35172140"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhengcheng Liu, Hui Cao, Ye Shi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "KIAA1211 plays an oncogenic role in human non-small cell lung cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cancer (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.7150/jca.35951"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.35951"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31777604"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31777604"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yulong Bao, Li Wang, Lin Shi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Transcriptome profiling revealed multiple genes and ECM-receptor interaction pathways that may be associated with breast cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Mol Biol Lett (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s11658-019-0162-0"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s11658-019-0162-0"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31182966"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31182966"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xianwen Wu, Qi Zhang, Songsong Xu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Differential expression of six chicken genes associated with fatness traits in a divergently selected broiler population."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell Probes (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.mcp.2015.12.003"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2015.12.003"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26746358"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26746358"}]}]}]}