{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent studies have highlighted the critical role of SHOC1—sometimes referenced in related contexts as CST13P—in ensuring the fidelity of meiotic recombination. In mouse and human analyses, SHOC1 is shown to act at a key mid‐stage in the crossover formation process. Although initial recombination steps such as homolog pairing and the construction of chromosome axial elements occur normally in SHOC1‐deficient spermatocytes, abnormalities arise later as indicated by reduced MLH1 chromosomal localization and shortened synapsis of the lateral elements. Purified human SHOC1 binds preferentially to branched DNA structures—suggesting a role in stabilizing recombination intermediates—yet lacks appreciable in vitro endonuclease activity despite retaining conserved XPF/MUS81 family domain architecture. Moreover, SHOC1 interacts with key proteins like TEX11 that are involved in coordinating the chromosome structure and axis formation, thus facilitating effective chiasmata and crossover formation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "In a complementary study addressing non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), bi-allelic variants in SHOC1 were identified in affected patients, and Shoc1-deficient mouse models mirrored the human infertility phenotype. These genetic alterations disrupt homologous pairing and synapsis, and manifest in abnormal localization or expression of recombinases such as DMC1, RAD51, and RPA2. The findings imply that beyond its well-established role in enabling crossovers during the mid-stages of recombination, SHOC1 may also serve a presynaptic function—thereby ensuring proper chromosomal interactions and maintaining genomic integrity during gametogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Michel F Guiraldelli, Anna Felberg, Luciana P Almeida, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "SHOC1 is a ERCC4-(HhH)2-like protein, integral to the formation of crossover recombination intermediates during mammalian meiosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS Genet (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pgen.1007381"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007381"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29742103"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29742103"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Weili Wang, Lanlan Meng, Jiaxin He, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bi-allelic variants in SHOC1 cause non-obstructive azoospermia with meiosis arrest in humans and mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Hum Reprod (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/molehr/gaac015"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gaac015"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35485979"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35485979"}]}]}]}