{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n CT47A5 is a member of the cancer/testis antigen gene family that is normally expressed in the testes and, to a much lesser extent, in the placenta and brain, but is aberrantly reactivated in certain cancers such as lung and esophageal carcinomas."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " The CT47 gene family, which maps to human chromosome Xq24 and is organized as a macrosatellite array comprising at least 13 nearly identical copies, encodes a protein of approximately 288 amino acids with a C-terminal region rich in alanine and glutamic acid."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In normal somatic cells, CT47A5 expression is tightly suppressed by repressive chromatin modifications and DNA hypermethylation; however, during oncogenic transformation there is a relative loss of these repressive markers, resulting in “leaky” or low‐level expression of CT47A5 in malignant cells."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, long read nanopore sequencing has been instrumental in resolving the copy number and genomic organization of this family, further underlining its complex structure within an unresolved region of the X chromosome."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " The evolutionary analysis of cancer/testis (CT) antigens indicates that many, including CT47 family members, are relatively young and may have originated in the primate lineage, suggesting a potential specialized role in reproductive biology that is co-opted during tumorigenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yao-Tseng Chen, Christian Iseli, Charis A Venditti, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of a new cancer/testis gene family, CT47, among expressed multicopy genes on the human X chromosome."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes Chromosomes Cancer (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/gcc.20298"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/gcc.20298"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16382448"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16382448"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Judit Balog, Dan Miller, Elena Sanchez-Curtailles, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Epigenetic regulation of the X-chromosomal macrosatellite repeat encoding for the cancer/testis gene CT47."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eur J Hum Genet (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ejhg.2011.150"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2011.150"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21811308"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21811308"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Miten Jain, Ian T Fiddes, Karen H Miga, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Improved data analysis for the MinION nanopore sequencer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Methods (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nmeth.3290"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.3290"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25686389"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25686389"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pavel Dobrynin, Ekaterina Matyunina, S V Malov, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The novelty of human cancer/testis antigen encoding genes in evolution."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Genomics (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1155/2013/105108"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/105108"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23691492"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23691492"}]}]}]}