{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n The long non‐coding RNA CTBP1‐AS has emerged as an important regulator of androgen receptor (AR) signaling with context‐dependent roles in both disease and oncogenesis. In prostate cancer, CTBP1‐AS is highly expressed and functions by directly repressing transcription of its sense partner CTBP1 through the recruitment of the RNA‐binding transcription repressor PSF together with histone deacetylases. This chromatin‐remodeling mechanism not only suppresses CTBP1 expression but also contributes to a global inhibition of tumor‐suppressor genes, thereby promoting both hormone‐dependent and castration‐resistant tumor growth."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In addition to its role in prostate cancer, CTBP1‐AS is also implicated in other pathologies. Studies in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have demonstrated that CTBP1‐AS expression is significantly elevated in peripheral blood leukocytes of affected women, where its high expression level is an independent risk factor that correlates positively with serum total testosterone concentrations"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ";."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Moreover, in breast cancer, CTBP1‐AS is aberrantly overexpressed, with its levels correlating with tumor size, histological grade, and proliferation markers. Functionally, CTBP1‐AS enhances cell proliferation, invasion, and migration while simultaneously reducing apoptosis, largely by sequestering and “sponging” microRNA‑940, thereby modulating downstream oncogenic signaling pathways."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these findings indicate that CTBP1‐AS plays a multifaceted role in modulating AR activity and chromatin dynamics, acting as an oncogenic driver and endocrine regulator in diverse pathologies. Its ability to influence cell cycle progression and tumor growth—by engaging both transcriptional corepressor complexes and microRNA regulatory networks—highlights its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target in conditions such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, and PCOS.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ken-Ichi Takayama, Kuniko Horie-Inoue, Shintaro Katayama, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Androgen-responsive long noncoding RNA CTBP1-AS promotes prostate cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "EMBO J (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/emboj.2013.99"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2013.99"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23644382"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23644382"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhenteng Liu, Cuifang Hao, Dehua Song, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Androgen Receptor Coregulator CTBP1-AS Is Associated With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Chinese Women: A Preliminary Study."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Reprod Sci (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1177/1933719114565037"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1177/1933719114565037"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25552498"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25552498"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mudasar Nabi, Syed Mudasir Andrabi, Shayaq Ul Abeer Rasool, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Androgen receptor coregulator long noncoding RNA CTBP1-AS is associated with polycystic ovary syndrome in Kashmiri women."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Endocrine (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s12020-021-02894-9"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-021-02894-9"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34611799"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34611799"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "H B Cui, C Z Geng "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Molecular mechanisms of long chain non-coding RNA CTBP1-AS in regulation of invasion and migration of breast cancer cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Regul Homeost Agents (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31165609"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31165609"}]}]}]}