CYP19A1 Gene

HGNC Family	Cytochrome P450s (CYP)
Name	cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1
Description	This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and catalyzes the last steps of estrogen biosynthesis. Mutations in this gene can result in either increased or decreased aromatase activity; the associated phenotypes suggest that estrogen functions both as a sex steroid hormone and in growth or differentiation. Alternative promoter use and alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that have different tissue specificities. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2016]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n CYP19A1, which encodes the aromatase cytochrome P450 enzyme, is essential for the biosynthesis of estrogens from androgens. Structural studies reveal that the enzyme possesses a highly specific substrate‐binding cleft, enabling its unique aromatization reaction and underscoring its androgenic selectivity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In breast tissue, particularly in the context of obesity‐associated inflammation, increased aromatase expression can lead to higher local estrogen levels, thereby contributing to breast cancer risk and progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Genetic variation in CYP19A1 influences circulating estrogen levels, as certain single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with differences in estradiol concentrations."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In the ovary, regulatory mechanisms involving microRNAs—such as miR-224 induced via the transforming growth factor β1/Smads pathway—promote CYP19A1 (aromatase) expression in granulosa cells, thereby enhancing estrogen release and supporting follicular development."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, signaling kinases like Pak1 can modulate transcriptional repressors (for example, Snail), which in turn regulate the aromatase promoter and influence CYP19A1 expression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In adipose tissue, the orphan nuclear receptor LRH-1 substitutes for SF-1 to drive transcription from alternative aromatase promoters, thus impacting local estrogen production that may contribute to breast cancer development."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Additionally, in ovarian granulosa cells, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor cooperates with SF-1 to activate CYP19A1 transcription, implicating this pathway in normal reproductive function as well as in endocrine disruption by exogenous ligands."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, leptin, whose levels are elevated in obesity, can further stimulate aromatase expression in breast cancer cells, linking adiposity to enhanced estrogen synthesis and tumor progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Debashis Ghosh, Jennifer Griswold, Mary Erman, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Structural basis for androgen specificity and oestrogen synthesis in human aromatase."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nature07614"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07614"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19129847"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19129847"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Patrick G Morris, Clifford A Hudis, Dilip Giri, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Inflammation and increased aromatase expression occur in the breast tissue of obese women with breast cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Prev Res (Phila) (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-11-0110"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-11-0110"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21622727"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21622727"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Alison M Dunning, Mitch Dowsett, Catherine S Healey, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Polymorphisms associated with circulating sex hormone levels in postmenopausal women."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Natl Cancer Inst (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/jnci/djh167"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djh167"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15199113"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15199113"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Guidong Yao, Mianmian Yin, Jie Lian, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-224 is involved in transforming growth factor-beta-mediated mouse granulosa cell proliferation and granulosa cell function by targeting Smad4."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Endocrinol (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1210/me.2009-0432"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1210/me.2009-0432"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20118412"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20118412"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhibo Yang, Suresh Rayala, Diep Nguyen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pak1 phosphorylation of snail, a master regulator of epithelial-to-mesenchyme transition, modulates snail's subcellular localization and functions."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3480"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3480"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15833848"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15833848"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Colin D Clyne, Caroline J Speed, Jiong Zhou, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Liver receptor homologue-1 (LRH-1) regulates expression of aromatase in preadipocytes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M201117200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M201117200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11927588"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11927588"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Takashi Baba, Junsei Mimura, Naohito Nakamura, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Intrinsic function of the aryl hydrocarbon (dioxin) receptor as a key factor in female reproduction."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell Biol (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/MCB.25.22.10040-10051.2005"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.25.22.10040-10051.2005"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16260617"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16260617"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Donatella Cirillo, Anna Maria Rachiglio, Raffaele la Montagna, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Leptin signaling in breast cancer: an overview."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Biochem (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/jcb.21911"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.21911"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18821585"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18821585"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	CPV1, ARO, CYAR, P-450AROM, ARO1, CYP19, CYPXIX
Proteins	CP19A_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	1588
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

CYP19A1 has 9,410 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, disease, phenotype or trait, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 128 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for CYP19A1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

CYP19A1 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of CYP19A1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of CYP19A1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CYP19A1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CYP19A1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of CYP19A1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of CYP19A1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of CYP19A1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CYP19A1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with CYP19A1 gene mutations from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with CYP19A1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CYP19A1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of CYP19A1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of CYP19A1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with CYP19A1 gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025	phenotypes associated with CYP19A1 gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of CYP19A1 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing CYP19A1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing CYP19A1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with CYP19A1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with CYP19A1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of CYP19A1 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with CYP19A1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with CYP19A1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CYP19A1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with CYP19A1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by CYP19A1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases involving CYP19A1 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases involving CYP19A1 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases associated with CYP19A1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with CYP19A1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with CYP19A1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with CYP19A1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CYP19A1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with CYP19A1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	DrugBank Drug Targets	interacting drugs for CYP19A1 protein from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at CYP19A1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CYP19A1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of CYP19A1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing CYP19A1 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CYP19A1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.