CYP1A1 Gene

HGNC Family	Cytochrome P450s (CYP)
Name	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1
Description	This gene, CYP1A1, encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and its expression is induced by some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), some of which are found in cigarette smoke. The enzyme's endogenous substrate is unknown; however, it is able to metabolize some PAHs to carcinogenic intermediates. The gene has been associated with lung cancer risk. A related family member, CYP1A2, is located approximately 25 kb away from CYP1A1 on chromosome 15. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) is an extrahepatic enzyme that plays a central role in the metabolism and bioactivation of a wide array of exogenous and endogenous compounds. In many studies its expression is highly induced by ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)—including environmental contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzo[a]pyrene from tobacco smoke), dioxins, UV‐induced tryptophan photoproducts (e.g., 6‐formylindolo[3,2‐b]carbazole), and endogenous metabolites like kynurenine and indoxyl 3‐sulfate—which reinforces its use as a sensitive marker of AHR pathway activation (see, for example."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Once induced, CYP1A1 catalyzes oxidation reactions that increase the solubility of its substrates and facilitate their subsequent excretion. However, in certain contexts, the metabolic conversion carried out by CYP1A1 can lead to the formation of reactive intermediates, thereby bioactivating procarcinogens into DNA‐reactive species. This property is central to its involvement in carcinogen metabolism and is underscored by studies linking CYP1A1 polymorphisms to alterations in cancer risk and other adverse outcomes—for instance, in head and neck cancer and in maternal smoking‐associated reductions in birth weight."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "5", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In addition to its catalytic role, CYP1A1 is a pivotal component of an autoregulatory feedback loop within AHR signaling. Because some high-affinity endogenous AHR ligands (such as FICZ) are also excellent substrates for CYP1A1, the enzyme helps to terminate AHR activation by metabolizing these ligands, thus tightly regulating AHR-dependent transcription."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n The transcriptional regulation of CYP1A1 is complex and involves several coactivators and cross-talk with other signaling pathways. For instance, NF-κB has been shown to enhance AHR-mediated CYP1A1 expression in immune cells"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", while estrogen receptor interactions can modulate its transcriptional output."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Structural studies provide further insights into the active site architecture of CYP1A1, explaining its substrate specificity and its dual role in detoxification and bioactivation (~."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In population studies, the distribution of CYP1A1 genetic variants has been characterized, with significant interethnic differences documented."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, CYP1A1 is implicated in the metabolism of various xenobiotics such as caffeine, thereby contributing to interindividual variability in pharmacological responses."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "17"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Text mining analyses further emphasize its prominence among polymorphic cytochrome P450 enzymes that influence drug metabolism."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "19"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In summary, CYP1A1 functions as a key xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme whose induction via AHR signaling mediates both detoxification and bioactivation processes. Its regulation by diverse transcriptional coactivators and its genetic variability underscore its importance in influencing susceptibility to environmental toxins, carcinogenesis, and interindividual differences in drug metabolism.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Brett C DiNatale, Iain A Murray, Jennifer C Schroeder, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kynurenic acid is a potent endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand that synergistically induces interleukin-6 in the presence of inflammatory signaling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Toxicol Sci (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/toxsci/kfq024"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfq024"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20106948"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20106948"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Marc Veldhoen, Keiji Hirota, Jillian Christensen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Natural agonists for aryl hydrocarbon receptor in culture medium are essential for optimal differentiation of Th17 T cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Exp Med (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1084/jem.20081438"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20081438"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19114668"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19114668"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ellen Fritsche, Claudia Schäfer, Christian Calles, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lightening up the UV response by identification of the arylhydrocarbon receptor as a cytoplasmatic target for ultraviolet B radiation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0701764104"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0701764104"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17502624"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17502624"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jennifer C Schroeder, Brett C Dinatale, Iain A Murray, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The uremic toxin 3-indoxyl sulfate is a potent endogenous agonist for the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochemistry (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1021/bi901786x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/bi901786x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20000589"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20000589"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiaobin Wang, Barry Zuckerman, Colleen Pearson, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Polymorphic cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) and their role in personalized therapy."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0082562"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082562"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24340040"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24340040"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	P450-C, AHH, CP11, AHRR, P450DX, CYPIA1, P1-450, CYP1
Proteins	CP1A1_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	1543
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

CYP1A1 has 12,919 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 127 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for CYP1A1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

CYP1A1 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CYP1A1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CYP1A1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of CYP1A1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of CYP1A1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of CYP1A1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of CYP1A1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CYP1A1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of CYP1A1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of CYP1A1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of CYP1A1 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of CYP1A1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of CYP1A1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with CYP1A1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CYP1A1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of CYP1A1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of CYP1A1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of CYP1A1 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing CYP1A1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing CYP1A1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with CYP1A1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with CYP1A1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of CYP1A1 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with CYP1A1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with CYP1A1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CYP1A1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with CYP1A1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of CYP1A1 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by CYP1A1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases associated with CYP1A1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with CYP1A1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with CYP1A1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with CYP1A1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CYP1A1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with CYP1A1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	DrugBank Drug Targets	interacting drugs for CYP1A1 protein from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at CYP1A1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CYP1A1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of CYP1A1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing CYP1A1 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with CYP1A1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.