{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "<head>\n <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n <title>Summary of DEFB110 Function</title>\n </head>\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Recent studies highlight that the gene "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "DEFB110"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " encodes a member of the β‐defensin family that contributes to innate host defense through its antimicrobial properties.\n In one investigation, a novel 35–residue peptide (termed hBD10) was identified by mining the human β–defensin family, with hBD10 being derived from DEFB110. Chemically synthesized and correctly folded to form three disulfide bonds, hBD10 exhibits clear antimicrobial activity against pathogens such as "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Escherichia coli"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Staphylococcus aureus"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " while remaining non‐hemolytic. This finding suggests that DEFB110 is a promising source of alternative antimicrobial agents that might be exploited to combat multidrug resistant bacteria."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In another study focusing on the intestinal transcriptome in neonatal calves, differential regional expression of β–defensin genes was observed. In this context, reduced expression of DEFB10 (which is consistent with the peptide product of DEFB110 in comparative nomenclature) was noted in the duodenum and jejunum relative to the ileum. This expression pattern implies that these defensins might be involved in modulating the innate immune defenses in the gut during the early postnatal period, thus contributing to the protection of the intestine during the critical phase of passive immunity transfer."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Together, these findings support a dual role for DEFB110/hBD10 in host defense—directly, by exerting broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and indirectly, by contributing to the spatial regulation of innate immune responses in tissues exposed to pathogens. This positions DEFB110 as a noteworthy candidate for the development of new antimicrobial strategies and for further studies on immunomodulation in barrier tissues.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Alexis Rodriguez, Marie Ø Pedersen, Elba Villegas, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Antimicrobial activity and structure of a consensus human β-defensin and its comparison to a novel putative hBD10."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proteins (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/prot.25785"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/prot.25785"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31325337"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31325337"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "H L Zhu, X W Zhao, X Z Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Changes in expression of antimicrobial peptides and Fc receptors in the small intestines of neonatal calves during the passive immunity period."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Dairy Sci (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3168/jds.2019-18113"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-18113"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32747107"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32747107"}]}]}]}