{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n DEFB130 is a β‐defensin that functions as an innate immune effector molecule with direct antimicrobial potential. In macrophages that phagocytose Plasmodium falciparum–infected erythrocytes, DEFB130 expression is specifically upregulated and its intracellular accumulation at the phagocytic site suggests an active role in the elimination of malarial parasites; indeed, silencing DEFB130 significantly diminishes antiplasmodial activity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, a recombinant formulation—in which three copies of the DEFB130 encoding sequence were expressed in Escherichia coli—demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This multimeric DEFB130 construct is highly stable under various conditions and exhibits low cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity, underscoring its promising potential as an alternative antimicrobial agent."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n The observed functions of DEFB130 align with the broader characteristics of the β‐defensin family, which encompasses peptides known for their antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and signaling roles. Investigations into related defensins have revealed their significance in microbial defense, reproductive physiology, and even evolutionary genomic variation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "3", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mohamad Alaa Terkawi, Ryo Takano, Atsushi Furukawa, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Involvement of β-defensin 130 (DEFB130) in the macrophage microbicidal mechanisms for killing Plasmodium falciparum."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/srep41772"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41772"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28181499"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28181499"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yanjun Lin, Bin Dong "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "[Tandem expression, purification and biological activity of recombinant multimeric β-defensin130 in Escherichia coli]."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.13345/j.cjb.180492"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.13345/j.cjb.180492"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31232005"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31232005"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Suresh Yenugu, Vishnu Chintalgattu, Christopher J Wingard, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification, cloning and functional characterization of novel beta-defensins in the rat (Rattus norvegicus)."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Reprod Biol Endocrinol (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/1477-7827-4-7"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-4-7"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16457734"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16457734"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diego Forni, Diana Martin, Razan Abujaber, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Determining multiallelic complex copy number and sequence variation from high coverage exome sequencing data."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Genomics (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12864-015-2123-y"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-015-2123-y"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26526070"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26526070"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhi-Yi Zhang, He-Min Zhang, De-Sheng Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Characterization of the β-defensin genes in giant panda."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41598-018-29898-2"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29898-2"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30120296"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30120296"}]}]}]}