{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n DISC2 is a gene located within the DISC locus on chromosome 1q42 that is disrupted by a balanced translocation linked to several major psychiatric disorders. Unlike its counterpart DISC1—which encodes a multifunctional scaffold protein with established roles in neurodevelopment, cytoskeletal organization, and synaptic signaling—DISC2 appears to be a long noncoding RNA oriented antisense to DISC1."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Its antisense arrangement is consistent with a regulatory role—possibly influencing DISC1 transcription, splicing, or transcript stability—that is a recurring theme at loci where noncoding antisense transcripts modulate their cognate “sense” genes.\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Although genetic linkage and association studies of the DISC locus have largely focused on DISC1 as the primary candidate underlying susceptibility to disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", there is growing interest in clarifying the potential involvement of DISC2. Some reports have highlighted that—by virtue of its noncoding and antisense characteristics—DISC2 may contribute to disease pathogenesis indirectly via modulation of DISC1 expression and function."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "2", "end_ref": "4"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In summary, while DISC1 has been extensively characterized for its direct roles in neuronal development and synaptic function, DISC2 is defined predominantly as a putative noncoding RNA. Its genomic configuration renders it a promising candidate for regulatory control of DISC1, and by extension, a modulator of neurobiological pathways implicated in psychiatric illness. Further functional studies will be essential to decipher the precise mechanisms by which DISC2 may influence DISC1 expression and contribute to disease phenotypes.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J E Chubb, N J Bradshaw, D C Soares, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The DISC locus in psychiatric illness."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Psychiatry (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/sj.mp.4002106"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4002106"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17912248"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17912248"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "D H Blackwood, A Fordyce, M T Walker, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Schizophrenia and affective disorders--cosegregation with a translocation at chromosome 1q42 that directly disrupts brain-expressed genes: clinical and P300 findings in a family."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Hum Genet (2001)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1086/321969"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1086/321969"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11443544"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11443544"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J K Millar, S Christie, S Anderson, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genomic structure and localisation within a linkage hotspot of Disrupted In Schizophrenia 1, a gene disrupted by a translocation segregating with schizophrenia."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Psychiatry (2001)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/sj.mp.4000784"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4000784"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11317219"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11317219"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J K Millar, S Christie, C A Semple, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chromosomal location and genomic structure of the human translin-associated factor X gene (TRAX; TSNAX) revealed by intergenic splicing to DISC1, a gene disrupted by a translocation segregating with schizophrenia."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genomics (2000)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1006/geno.2000.6239"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.2000.6239"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10945471"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10945471"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Colin A Hodgkinson, David Goldman, Judith Jaeger, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1): association with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Hum Genet (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1086/425586"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1086/425586"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15386212"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15386212"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Martin S Taylor, Rebecca S Devon, J Kirsty Millar, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Evolutionary constraints on the Disrupted in Schizophrenia locus."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genomics (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s0888-7543(02)00026-5"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0888-7543(02"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00026-5) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12573262"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12573262"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bahar Naghavi-Gargari, Alireza Zahirodin, Sayyed Mohammad Hossein Ghaderian, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Significant increasing of DISC2 long non-coding RNA expression as a potential biomarker in bipolar disorder."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neurosci Lett (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.neulet.2018.12.044"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2018.12.044"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30599263"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30599263"}]}]}]}