{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n DLGAP1‐AS1 is an oncogenic long non‐coding RNA that is frequently up‐regulated in a variety of human cancers and other pathological conditions, and its overexpression is generally associated with poor prognosis and treatment resistance. In breast cancer, for instance, elevated DLGAP1‐AS1 levels have been linked to adriamycin resistance and worse clinical outcomes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In glioma and glioblastoma, DLGAP1‐AS1 functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), sponging tumor‐suppressive microRNAs—such as miR‑515‑5p and miR‑628‑5p—to upregulate targets (including ROCK1, NFE2L1, and ATG4A/DDX59) that promote cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, thereby contributing to tumor aggressiveness and shorter patient survival."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "2", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In colorectal carcinoma, silencing of DLGAP1‐AS1 inhibits tumor cell proliferation and invasiveness while enhancing chemosensitivity to 5‑fluorouracil through the miR‑149‑5p/TGFB2 regulatory axis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In gastric cancer, DLGAP1‐AS1 is integrated into ceRNA networks that modulate oncogenic pathways via miRNA interactions (involving miR‑515‑5p/MARK4, among others)."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, in hepatocellular carcinoma, DLGAP1‐AS1 promotes tumor progression and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition by sponging miRNAs such as miR‑26a‑5p/miR‑26b‑5p and miR‑486‑5p, thereby upregulating oncogenic effectors (including IL‑6, CDK8, LRP6, and H3F3B) and activating pathways like JAK2/STAT3 and Wnt/β‑catenin."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Additionally, in a rat model of acute lower limb ischemia‑reperfusion injury, silencing DLGAP1‐AS1 alleviates vascular endothelial cell damage by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, DLGAP1‐AS1 has been identified as a key component in a ceRNA regulatory network implicated in schizophrenia, highlighting its potential role beyond oncology."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tao Huang, Lili Cao, Ningning Feng, et al. 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