{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Long non‐coding RNA DLGAP1‐AS2 is a cytoplasmic RNA that has emerged as an oncogenic factor in multiple cancers, with its elevated expression significantly correlating with poor prognosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In glioma, for example, DLGAP1‐AS2 promotes cell proliferation and migration while inhibiting apoptosis by regulating downstream effectors such as Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1)."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In cholangiocarcinoma, it functions as a competing endogenous RNA by sponging miR‑505, which in turn elevates the expression of N‑acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 10 (GALNT10) to enhance cell viability and malignant progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, in hepatocellular carcinoma, DLGAP1‐AS2 knockdown upregulates miR‑154‑5p via reduced methylation of its gene, leading to the inhibition of cell migration and invasion."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In non‐small cell lung cancer, DLGAP1‐AS2 interacts with miR‑503, resulting in cyclin D1 upregulation which fuels increased cell proliferation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In the context of breast cancer, it binds to the AFF3 protein to prevent its degradation, thereby augmenting estrogen receptor (ER) signaling and contributing to tamoxifen resistance."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n Moreover, in gastric cancer, DLGAP1‐AS2 exerts oncogenic effects through its interaction with the transcriptional repressor Six3. By hampering Six3’s binding to the Wnt1 promoter, DLGAP1‐AS2 relieves the suppression on Wnt1, thereby activating the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway and promoting malignant transformation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In addition to its well‐documented roles in these solid tumors, DLGAP1‐AS2 has also been incorporated into multi‐gene prognostic risk models in osteosarcoma"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", lung adenocarcinoma"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", renal cell carcinoma"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and Wilms’ tumor."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " It is also implicated during the colorectal adenoma‐carcinoma transition."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Notably, recent findings in rectal cancer stem cells have demonstrated that upregulated DLGAP1‐AS2 enhances radioresistance by interacting with E2F1 to upregulate CD151 expression via activation of the AKT/mTOR/cyclin D1 pathway."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these studies reveal that DLGAP1‐AS2 functions as a central oncogenic regulator that modulates multiple signaling pathways. It achieves its effects by acting as a microRNA sponge and by directly interacting with key proteins, ultimately influencing cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, and therapy resistance across diverse malignancies.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wei Miao, Ning Li, Bin Gu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LncRNA DLGAP1-AS2 modulates glioma development by up-regulating YAP1 expression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biochem (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/jb/mvz108"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvz108"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31899508"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31899508"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhao Liu, Lili Pan, Xiaofang Yan, et al. 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