{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n DLX6‐AS1 is an oncogenic long non‐coding RNA whose aberrant overexpression has been implicated in the progression of multiple human cancers and several non‐malignant disorders. In hepatocellular carcinoma, for instance, elevated DLX6‐AS1 levels correlate with poor prognosis by promoting proliferation, migration, and invasion through a mechanism involving the sponging of miR‐203a to upregulate downstream targets such as MMP‐2."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In gastric cancer, DLX6‐AS1 functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by binding miR‐204‐5p to release the transcription factor OCT1, thereby enhancing invasion, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In osteosarcoma, DLX6‐AS1 has been shown to bolster cancer stemness and promote cell progression via regulation of distinct miRNA axes, including the miR‐129‐5p/DLK1 pathway and the miR‐141‐3p/Rab10 axis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, in glioma, DLX6‐AS1 exerts oncogenic effects by sponging miR‐197‐5p to relieve repression of E2F1"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and in non‐small cell lung cancer, it modulates tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through a miR‐144/PRR11 regulatory axis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In colorectal cancer, overexpression of DLX6‐AS1 activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling cascade, thereby enhancing proliferation and metastasis while inhibiting apoptosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Beyond cancer, DLX6‐AS1 has been implicated in non‐oncogenic pathologies. In diabetic nephropathy, for example, upregulation of DLX6‐AS1 driven by CREB aggravates podocyte injury and renal inflammation"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", while in endometrial and cervical cancers, DLX6‐AS1 participates in complex regulatory networks – through formation of nucleoprotein complexes or ceRNA interactions – to promote cell growth and inhibit apoptosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In the context of pregnancy, DLX6‐AS1 impairs trophoblast proliferation, migration, and invasion via a miR‐149‐5p/ERP44 axis, suggesting a contributory role in the development of preeclampsia."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Additionally, in lung squamous cell carcinoma, DLX6‐AS1 confers secondary cisplatin resistance by modulating the miR‐181a‐5p/miR‐382‐5p/CELF1 axis"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and in Parkinson’s disease, it exacerbates microglial inflammatory responses through a ceRNA mechanism involving miR‐223‐3p and Neuropilin‐1."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, in thyroid carcinoma, DLX6‐AS1 has been shown to regulate cell growth and autophagy via interactions with miR‐193b‐3p and HOXA1"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and a recent review consolidates its diverse roles as a ceRNA that impacts tumorigenesis, chemoresistance, and metabolic changes in various malignancies."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "16"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these studies highlight DLX6‐AS1 as a multifunctional regulator that, by sequestering specific microRNAs, modulates key molecular pathways involved in cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion, and therapeutic resistance. Its consistent overexpression in multiple tumor types and disease states underscores its potential as both a biomarker for diagnosis/prognosis and a target for novel therapeutic interventions.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lei Zhang, Xiaowei He, Ting Jin, et al. 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