{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n DNAI3 is a gene encoding an axonemal intermediate‐chain protein that is an integral component of the inner dynein arms in motile cilia and flagella. Functionally, DNAI3 contributes to the assembly and stability of the dynein motor complex that drives the bending motions required for effective ciliary beating. This coordinated movement is essential for processes such as mucociliary clearance in the respiratory tract as well as for proper sperm flagellar formation and motility. Disruption of DNAI3 function—in the form of loss‐of‐function variants or aberrant protein–protein interactions with other dynein components—can impair the ultrastructure and function of the axoneme, leading to clinical manifestations such as primary ciliary dyskinesia and male infertility. Studies of related dynein subunits and their interactions have confirmed the critical role of such proteins in the organization of the “9 + 2” axonemal structure and in the regulation of ciliary or flagellar movement."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yirong Zhang, Yawen Chen, Jianqun Zheng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Vertebrate Dynein-f depends on Wdr78 for axonemal localization and is essential for ciliary beat."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Mol Cell Biol (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/jmcb/mjy043"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jmcb/mjy043"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30060180"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30060180"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Petra Zur Lage, Fay G Newton, Andrew P Jarman "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Survey of the Ciliary Motility Machinery of "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "i"}], "href": "i"}, {"type": "t", "text": "Drosophila"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/i"}], "href": "/i"}, {"type": "t", "text": " Sperm and Ciliated Mechanosensory Neurons Reveals Unexpected Cell-Type Specific Variations: A Model for Motile Ciliopathies."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Front Genet (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3389/fgene.2019.00024"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00024"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30774648"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30774648"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shuai Lu, Yayun Gu, Yifei Wu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bi-allelic variants in human WDR63 cause male infertility via abnormal inner dynein arms assembly."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Discov (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41421-021-00327-5"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41421-021-00327-5"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34782613"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34782613"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jonathan S Berg, James P Evans, Margaret W Leigh, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Next generation massively parallel sequencing of targeted exomes to identify genetic mutations in primary ciliary dyskinesia: implications for application to clinical testing."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genet Med (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1097/GIM.0b013e318203cff2"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/GIM.0b013e318203cff2"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21270641"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21270641"}]}]}]}