DPP9 Gene

Name	dipeptidyl-peptidase 9
Description	This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the S9B family in clan SC of the serine proteases. The protein has been shown to have post-proline dipeptidyl aminopeptidase activity, cleaving Xaa-Pro dipeptides from the N-termini of proteins. Although the activity of this protein is similar to that of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), it does not appear to be membrane bound. In general, dipeptidyl peptidases appear to be involved in the regulation of the activity of their substrates and have been linked to a variety of diseases including type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer. Several transcript variants of this gene have been described but not fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) is a ubiquitously expressed, cytoplasmic serine protease belonging to the DPP4 gene family that performs diverse functions in cellular homeostasis. Its enzymatic activity is critical for cleaving N‐terminal dipeptides from substrates bearing a penultimate proline, thereby contributing to the controlled turnover of proline‐containing peptides and influencing antigen processing and presentation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In the context of innate immunity, DPP9 interacts with the autoproteolytic function-to-find (FIIND) domains of inflammasome sensors such as NLRP1 and CARD8, serving as an endogenous inhibitor that maintains these complexes in an inactive state; inhibition or loss of DPP9 activity leads to enhanced inflammasome activation, ASC speck formation, and pyroptotic cell death."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, DPP9 binds SUMO1 through a distinctive extended binding arm, and this interaction allosterically stimulates its catalytic function, suggesting that sumoylation contributes to the regulation of its activity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Beyond its roles in proteolysis and innate immune regulation, DPP9 modulates survival signaling; its enzymatic activity is required for growth factor-specific repression of Akt (protein kinase B) activation—possibly through associations with H-Ras—which in turn influences apoptosis and cell proliferation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, by associating with components of the cytoskeleton and focal adhesion complexes, DPP9 regulates cell migration and adhesion, processes that may impact cancer cell invasion and metastasis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, alternative translation initiation generates distinct DPP9 isoforms with differential subcellular localization; while the shorter form resides predominantly in the cytosol, an N-terminally extended variant contains a classical nuclear localization signal and localizes to the nucleus, implying specialized roles in regulating nuclear protein function and gene expression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ruth Geiss-Friedlander, Nicolas Parmentier, Ulrike Möller, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The cytoplasmic peptidase DPP9 is rate-limiting for degradation of proline-containing peptides."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M109.041871"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.041871"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19667070"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19667070"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Franklin L Zhong, Kim Robinson, Daniel Eng Thiam Teo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Human DPP9 represses NLRP1 inflammasome and protects against autoinflammatory diseases via both peptidase activity and FIIND domain binding."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.RA118.004350"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA118.004350"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30291141"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30291141"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Esther Pilla, Ulrike Möller, Guido Sauer, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A novel SUMO1-specific interacting motif in dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) that is important for enzymatic regulation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M112.397224"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.397224"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23152501"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23152501"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tsun-Wen Yao, Woo-Shin Kim, Denise M T Yu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A novel role of dipeptidyl peptidase 9 in epidermal growth factor signaling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cancer Res (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-10-0272"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-10-0272"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21622624"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21622624"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hui Zhang, Yiqian Chen, Carol Wadham, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 subcellular localization and a role in cell adhesion involving focal adhesion kinase and paxillin."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochim Biophys Acta (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.11.029"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.11.029"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25486458"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25486458"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Daniela Justa-Schuch, Ulrike Möller, Ruth Geiss-Friedlander "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The amino terminus extension in the long dipeptidyl peptidase 9 isoform contains a nuclear localization signal targeting the active peptidase to the nucleus."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Mol Life Sci (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00018-014-1591-6"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-014-1591-6"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24562348"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24562348"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	DPRP-2, DPLP9, DPP IX, DPRP2, DP9
Proteins	DPP9_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	91039
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

DPP9 has 5,572 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, disease, phenotype or trait, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 115 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for DPP9 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

DPP9 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by DPP9 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of DPP9 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of DPP9 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of DPP9 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of DPP9 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of DPP9 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of DPP9 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of DPP9 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of DPP9 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of DPP9 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of DPP9 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with DPP9 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with DPP9 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of DPP9 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of DPP9 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of DPP9 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025	phenotypes associated with DPP9 gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.
	CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies	assemblies containing DPP9 protein from integrated AP-MS and IF data from the CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing DPP9 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing DPP9 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing DPP9 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with DPP9 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with DPP9 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with DPP9 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with DPP9 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with DPP9 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by DPP9 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases involving DPP9 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases associated with DPP9 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with DPP9 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with DPP9 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with DPP9 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with DPP9 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with DPP9 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at DPP9 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of DPP9 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of DPP9 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing DPP9 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with DPP9 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with DPP9 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.