{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Although none of the studies focused exclusively on DPYD‐AS1, emerging evidence suggests that this long noncoding antisense RNA—located in the genomic vicinity of the DPYD gene—may play a regulatory role in determining DPYD expression. In the context of clinical pharmacogenomics, where comprehensive genetic data are used to predict drug response and adverse drug reactions, altered regulation of DPYD by its antisense transcript could influence the metabolism of fluoropyrimidines and other therapeutics. For example, integrating diverse pharmacogenomic data (including noncoding elements such as DPYD‐AS1) into ontology‐based clinical decision support frameworks has proven valuable for detecting discrepancies between treatment guidelines and patient genotypes (1). Moreover, the importance of harnessing endogenously derived regulatory sequences—demonstrated through the development of compact, cell type–selective promoter elements in gene therapy—underscores a broader trend toward appreciating the roles of noncoding RNAs like DPYD‐AS1 in fine-tuning cellular gene expression (2). Finally, copy number alterations at 1p21.3—which encompass both coding and noncoding genes—have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, supporting the hypothesis that disruption of homeostatic regulation, potentially via deregulation of elements such as DPYD‐AS1, contributes to overlapping phenotypes observed in microdeletion and microduplication syndromes (3). Collectively, these observations emphasize the need for further elucidation of DPYD‐AS1’s function to enhance both pharmacogenomic and neurodevelopmental interpretations in precision medicine.\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n (1)"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "; \n (2)"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "; \n (3)."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Matthias Samwald, Jose Antonio Miñarro Giménez, Richard D Boyce, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pharmacogenomic knowledge representation, reasoning and genome-based clinical decision support based on OWL 2 DL ontologies."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Med Inform Decis Mak (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12911-015-0130-1"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-015-0130-1"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25880555"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25880555"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Charles N de Leeuw, Andrea J Korecki, Garrett E Berry, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "rAAV-compatible MiniPromoters for restricted expression in the brain and eye."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Brain (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s13041-016-0232-4"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-016-0232-4"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27164903"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27164903"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lukrecija Brečević, Martina Rinčić, Željka Krsnik, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Association of new deletion/duplication region at chromosome 1p21 with intellectual disability, severe speech deficit and autism spectrum disorder-like behavior: an all-in approach to solving the "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "i"}], "href": "i"}, {"type": "t", "text": "DPYD"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/i"}], "href": "/i"}, {"type": "t", "text": " enigma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Transl Neurosci (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1515/tnsci-2015-0007"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1515/tnsci-2015-0007"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28123791"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28123791"}]}]}]}