{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n This integrated summary highlights the diverse roles of “DSCAS” as represented in three distinct biomedical contexts. In one setting, “DSCAS” refers to infants with Down syndrome, who among very low birth weight populations demonstrate a unique clinical profile characterized by an increased risk of death as well as heightened incidences of patent ductus arteriosus, necrotizing enterocolitis, late‐onset sepsis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. These risks are notably different when compared both with infants lacking major birth defects and with those harboring other chromosomal or nonchromosomal anomalies."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In a second scenario, “DSCAS” is used in the context of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections to denote drug‐susceptible isolates. Here, comparative transcriptional profiling of paired isolates collected before and after the Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) regimen revealed that although the initial isolates were drug susceptible, they later evolved into multidrug‐resistant forms with shared DNA fingerprinting. This transition was accompanied by downregulation of genes involved in transcription, cell wall biosynthesis, and central metabolism along with an upregulation of drug efflux pumps, ABC transporters, and stress response regulators. Such findings suggest that mechanisms beyond conventional target gene mutations contribute to the emergence and stabilization of multidrug resistance."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In a third biomedical application, “DSCAS” pertains to dentin desensitizing agents that function to reduce dentin permeability by modifying the morphology of the dentin surface and occluding dentinal tubules. Efficacy assessments using quantitative permeability measurements and qualitative SEM analyses demonstrated that while these agents significantly reduce permeability immediately after application, their effectiveness diminishes somewhat following challenges such as citric acid exposure or prolonged immersion in artificial saliva. This underscores the importance of evaluating both immediate and sustained functional outcomes of desensitizer treatments."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nansi S Boghossian, Nellie I Hansen, Edward F Bell, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Survival and morbidity outcomes for very low birth weight infants with Down syndrome."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pediatrics (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1542/peds.2010-1824"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-1824"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21098157"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21098157"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anirvan Chatterjee, Dhananjaya Saranath, Purva Bhatter, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Global transcriptional profiling of longitudinal clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis exhibiting rapid accumulation of drug resistance."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0054717"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054717"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23355892"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23355892"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nasibe Aycan Yilmaz, Ertan Ertas, Hasan Orucoğlu "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Evaluation of Five Different Desensitizers: A Comparative Dentin Permeability and SEM Investigation "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "i"}], "href": "i"}, {"type": "t", "text": "In Vitro"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/i"}], "href": "/i"}, {"type": "t", "text": "."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Open Dent J (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.2174/1874210601711010015"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.2174/1874210601711010015"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28484578"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28484578"}]}]}]}