E2F1 Gene

Name	E2F transcription factor 1
Description	The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the E2F family of transcription factors. The E2F family plays a crucial role in the control of cell cycle and action of tumor suppressor proteins and is also a target of the transforming proteins of small DNA tumor viruses. The E2F proteins contain several evolutionally conserved domains found in most members of the family. These domains include a DNA binding domain, a dimerization domain which determines interaction with the differentiation regulated transcription factor proteins (DP), a transactivation domain enriched in acidic amino acids, and a tumor suppressor protein association domain which is embedded within the transactivation domain. This protein and another 2 members, E2F2 and E2F3, have an additional cyclin binding domain. This protein binds preferentially to retinoblastoma protein pRB in a cell-cycle dependent manner. It can mediate both cell proliferation and p53-dependent/independent apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n E2F1 is a pivotal transcription factor that serves as an integrator of proliferative, metabolic, and stress‐related signals. It promotes cell cycle progression by activating the expression of genes required for DNA replication and S‐phase entry, a function that is initiated downstream of oncogenic cues such as c‐Myc and fine‐tuned post‐transcriptionally by microRNAs (e.g. miR‑17–5p, miR‑20a, members of the miR‑106b‑25 cluster)."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Structural analyses show that E2F1 forms heterodimers with DP proteins and interacts with the retinoblastoma protein (pRB) to establish high‐affinity binding to target promoters. This association is central to the regulation of cell cycle–dependent transcription and is modulated by phosphorylation events that influence pRB’s ability to sequester E2F1."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Beyond its canonical role in driving cell cycle progression, E2F1 influences cellular metabolism. Under basal conditions, E2F1 represses the transcription of key genes involved in mitochondrial function and oxidative metabolism, thereby contributing to a switch toward glycolytic pathways that support rapid cell proliferation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In the context of tumorigenesis, deregulation of E2F1 activity—whether by enhanced transcriptional activation through oncogenic pathways or by loss of negative control through pRB—can promote unchecked proliferation. For instance, altered E2F1 activity has been implicated in prostate cancer progression via modulation of androgen receptor expression"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and in breast cancer where estrogen receptor signaling, together with coactivators such as CARM1, specifically upregulates E2F1 to drive cell cycle entry."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Moreover, E2F1 plays roles in the DNA damage response and senescence. It partakes in transcriptional cascades—for example, by upregulating long noncoding RNAs like ANRIL to eventually modulate the expression of tumor suppressors (INK4a/ARF) during recovery from genotoxic stress."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Its expression, often correlated with other markers of cell cycle deregulation in metastatic cancers, reinforces its significance as an integrator of signals that govern proliferation, metabolic reprogramming, and survival."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "9", "end_ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In summary, E2F1 functions as a central regulator that not only drives cell cycle progression and DNA replication but also couples proliferative signals to metabolic and survival pathways. Its modulation by oncogenes, microRNAs, and post‐translational modifications underscores its critical role in normal cellular homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of cancer.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kathryn A O'Donnell, Erik A Wentzel, Karen I Zeller, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "c-Myc-regulated microRNAs modulate E2F1 expression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nature03677"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03677"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15944709"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15944709"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gabriel Bretones, M Dolores Delgado, Javier León "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Myc and cell cycle control."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochim Biophys Acta (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.03.013"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.03.013"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24704206"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24704206"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yang Li, Weiqi Tan, Thomas W L Neo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Role of the miR-106b-25 microRNA cluster in hepatocellular carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Sci (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01164.x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01164.x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19486339"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19486339"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Seth M Rubin, Anne-Laure Gall, Ning Zheng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Structure of the Rb C-terminal domain bound to E2F1-DP1: a mechanism for phosphorylation-induced E2F release."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cell.2005.09.044"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2005.09.044"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16360038"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16360038"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Emilie Blanchet, Jean-Sébastien Annicotte, Sylviane Lagarrigue, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "E2F transcription factor-1 regulates oxidative metabolism."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Cell Biol (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ncb2309"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb2309"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21841792"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21841792"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ankur Sharma, Wen-Shuz Yeow, Adam Ertel, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor controls androgen signaling and human prostate cancer progression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Clin Invest (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1172/JCI44239"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI44239"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21099110"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21099110"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Seth Frietze, Mathieu Lupien, Pamela A Silver, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CARM1 regulates estrogen-stimulated breast cancer growth through up-regulation of E2F1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1983"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1983"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18172323"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18172323"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Guohui Wan, Rohit Mathur, Xiaoxiao Hu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Long non-coding RNA ANRIL (CDKN2B-AS) is induced by the ATM-E2F1 signaling pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Signal (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.02.006"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.02.006"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23416462"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23416462"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Akash Kumar, Ilsa Coleman, Colm Morrissey, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A critical role for the long non-coding RNA GAS5 in proliferation and apoptosis in non-small-cell lung cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Carcinog (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/mc.22120"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/mc.22120"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24357161"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24357161"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shinya Hayami, Masanori Yoshimatsu, Abhimanyu Veerakumarasivam, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Overexpression of the JmjC histone demethylase KDM5B in human carcinogenesis: involvement in the proliferation of cancer cells through the E2F/RB pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cancer (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/1476-4598-9-59"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-4598-9-59"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20226085"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20226085"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	RBBP3, RBAP1, RBP3, E2F-1
Proteins	E2F1_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	1869
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

E2F1 has 13,878 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 132 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for E2F1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

E2F1 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by E2F1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of E2F1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of E2F1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of E2F1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of E2F1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of E2F1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of E2F1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Biocarta Pathways	pathways involving E2F1 protein from the Biocarta Pathways dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of E2F1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of E2F1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of E2F1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of E2F1 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of E2F1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of E2F1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with E2F1 gene mutations from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of E2F1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of E2F1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of E2F1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of E2F1 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing E2F1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing E2F1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing E2F1 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with E2F1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with E2F1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	CORUM Protein Complexes	protein complexs containing E2F1 protein from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of E2F1 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with E2F1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with E2F1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with E2F1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of E2F1 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by E2F1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with E2F1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with E2F1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with E2F1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with E2F1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with E2F1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at E2F1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of E2F1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of E2F1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing E2F1 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.