EGFR Gene

HGNC Family	Receptor kinases
Name	epidermal growth factor receptor
Description	The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is a member of the protein kinase superfamily. This protein is a receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family. EGFR is a cell surface protein that binds to epidermal growth factor, thus inducing receptor dimerization and tyrosine autophosphorylation leading to cell proliferation. Mutations in this gene are associated with lung cancer. EGFR is a component of the cytokine storm which contributes to a severe form of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulting from infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "<head>\n <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n <title>Summary Abstract on EGFR Function</title>\n </head>\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a central role in regulating cellular proliferation, survival, differentiation, and migration in many cancer types. In glioblastoma, for example, aberrations in EGFR—including amplification and expression of mutant variants such as EGFRvIII—define specific molecular subtypes and contribute to a transformed, aggressive phenotype; notably, EGFRvIII can be transferred between cells via membrane microvesicles, thereby disseminating oncogenic signals within the tumor microenvironment."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In non–small‐cell lung cancer, activating mutations and increased EGFR gene copy number drive oncogenic signaling and are predictive of favorable responses to small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Patients whose tumors harbor EGFR mutations or overexpress the receptor often benefit from treatment with agents such as gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib, although resistance mechanisms—ranging from secondary mutations to activation of compensatory pathways—can eventually limit efficacy."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In colorectal cancer, EGFR acts as a key effector in signaling cascades that promote tumor growth. Monoclonal antibodies targeting EGFR (such as cetuximab and panitumumab) have demonstrated clinical benefit by interrupting downstream oncogenic pathways; however, the effectiveness of these therapies is contingent on the integrity of downstream signaling components (for example, wild‐type KRAS), underscoring the pivotal role of EGFR activation in these tumors."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Structural studies further reveal that EGFR family members, including HER2, maintain conformations that favor heterodimerization and activation even in the absence of conventional ligand binding, thereby highlighting conserved mechanisms of receptor function among the ErbB family."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In addition, the bioavailability and activity of EGFR ligands are tightly regulated by proteolytic shedding mediated by specific ADAM metalloproteases. This ectodomain release is critical for EGFR activation and thus for the propagation of growth‐promoting signals."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, post‐transcriptional regulation mechanisms—such as METTL3‐mediated mRNA methylation—can enhance the translation of EGFR, further influencing its oncogenic potential."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these findings establish EGFR as a central mediator of oncogenic pathways across diverse tumor types, where its activation not only drives tumor initiation and progression but also determines responses to targeted therapeutics and influences resistance mechanisms.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Roel G W Verhaak, Katherine A Hoadley, Elizabeth Purdom, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Integrated genomic analysis identifies clinically relevant subtypes of glioblastoma characterized by abnormalities in PDGFRA, IDH1, EGFR, and NF1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Cell (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.020"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.020"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20129251"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20129251"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Khalid Al-Nedawi, Brian Meehan, Johann Micallef, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Intercellular transfer of the oncogenic receptor EGFRvIII by microvesicles derived from tumour cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Cell Biol (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ncb1725"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1725"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18425114"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18425114"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hisayuki Shigematsu, Li Lin, Takao Takahashi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clinical and biological features associated with epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations in lung cancers."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Natl Cancer Inst (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/jnci/dji055"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/dji055"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15741570"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15741570"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Federico Cappuzzo, Fred R Hirsch, Elisa Rossi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Epidermal growth factor receptor gene and protein and gefitinib sensitivity in non-small-cell lung cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Natl Cancer Inst (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/jnci/dji112"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/dji112"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15870435"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15870435"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eric Van Cutsem, Claus-Henning Köhne, Erika Hitre, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cetuximab and chemotherapy as initial treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "N Engl J Med (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1056/NEJMoa0805019"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0805019"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19339720"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19339720"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Astrid Lièvre, Jean-Baptiste Bachet, Delphine Le Corre, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "KRAS mutation status is predictive of response to cetuximab therapy in colorectal cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-0191"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-0191"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16618717"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16618717"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hyun-Soo Cho, Karen Mason, Kasra X Ramyar, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Structure of the extracellular region of HER2 alone and in complex with the Herceptin Fab."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nature01392"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01392"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12610629"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12610629"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Umut Sahin, Gisela Weskamp, Kristine Kelly, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Distinct roles for ADAM10 and ADAM17 in ectodomain shedding of six EGFR ligands."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Biol (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1083/jcb.200307137"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200307137"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14993236"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14993236"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shuibin Lin, Junho Choe, Peng Du, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The m(6)A Methyltransferase METTL3 Promotes Translation in Human Cancer Cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.molcel.2016.03.021"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2016.03.021"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27117702"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27117702"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	mENA, HER1, NISBD2, ERBB, PIG61, ERBB1
Proteins	EGFR_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	1956
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

EGFR has 41,083 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 159 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for EGFR from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

EGFR Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by EGFR gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of EGFR gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of EGFR gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of EGFR gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of EGFR gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of EGFR gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of EGFR gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Biocarta Pathways	pathways involving EGFR protein from the Biocarta Pathways dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of EGFR gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of EGFR gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of EGFR gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of EGFR gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of EGFR gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of EGFR gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with EGFR gene mutations from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with EGFR protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with EGFR gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of EGFR gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of EGFR gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of EGFR gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with EGFR gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025	phenotypes associated with EGFR gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.
	CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies	assemblies containing EGFR protein from integrated AP-MS and IF data from the CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of EGFR gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing EGFR protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing EGFR protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing EGFR protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing EGFR protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with EGFR protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with EGFR protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	CORUM Protein Complexes	protein complexs containing EGFR protein from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of EGFR gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with EGFR gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with EGFR gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with EGFR gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with EGFR gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of EGFR protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by EGFR gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DEPOD Substrates of Phosphatases	phosphatases that dephosphorylate EGFR protein from the curated DEPOD Substrates of Phosphatases dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases involving EGFR gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.