{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n EIF2S3B encodes a subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor complex and is normally expressed in male germ cells during spermatogenesis. In its canonical role, EIF2S3B contributes to the regulation of protein synthesis in differentiating germ cells. Notably, its activity is largely restricted to the testis, which is why proteins encoded by such retrogenes are grouped among the Cancer/Testis (C/T) antigens.\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Recent proteomic studies in diverse cellular contexts have highlighted patterns where proteins involved in translation regulation and cellular survival are differentially expressed. For instance, mass spectrometry–based profiling of drug‐resistant melanoma cells revealed a resistance signature marked by changes in subcellular proteomes, including proteins that modulate cellular survival mechanisms."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, quantitative proteome mapping in T-lymphoblastic leukemia cells treated with chemotherapeutics showed selective perturbations in proteins linked to metabolic processes and protein turnover, suggesting that alterations in translation initiation pathways may contribute to treatment response."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, investigations into exosome-mediated intercellular signaling during viral infection have underlined the importance of factors that orchestrate protein synthesis and immune signaling, which by analogy further underscores the potential impact of translation regulators such as EIF2S3B."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Importantly, aberrant activation of genes that are normally expressed exclusively during spermatogenesis has been proposed as a mechanism leading to the ectopic expression of C/T antigens in tumors. Within this context, the human autosomal retrogene EIF2S3B is hypothesized to represent one such gene whose misexpression in somatic tissues may contribute to oncogenic processes and serve as a marker or target in immunotherapeutic strategies."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Verena Paulitschke, Verena Haudek-Prinz, Johannes Griss, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Functional classification of cellular proteome profiles support the identification of drug resistance signatures in melanoma cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Proteome Res (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1021/pr400124w"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/pr400124w"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23713901"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23713901"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jirina Tyleckova, Rita Hrabakova, Katerina Mairychova, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer cell response to anthracyclines effects: mysteries of the hidden proteins associated with these drugs."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Mol Sci (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/ijms131215536"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms131215536"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23443080"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23443080"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fei Ye, Yan Wang, Qijian He, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exosomes Transmit Viral Genetic Information and Immune Signals may cause Immunosuppression and Immune Tolerance in ALV-J Infected HD11 cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Biol Sci (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.7150/ijbs.35839"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.35839"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32140061"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32140061"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jan Rohozinski, Creighton L Edwards "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Does "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "i"}], "href": "i"}, {"type": "t", "text": "EIF2S3"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/i"}], "href": "/i"}, {"type": "t", "text": " Retrogene Activation Regulate Cancer/Testis Antigen Expression in Human Cancers?"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Front Oncol (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3389/fonc.2020.590408"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.590408"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33330072"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33330072"}]}]}]}