{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Although several of the provided abstracts discuss different genes and pathways, a subset of them focuses on the estrogen‐induced gene 121 (EIG121; also known in some studies by its systematic name KIAA1324), which appears to be the gene of interest here. EIG121 is expressed in a hormone‐responsive, tissue‐ and developmental stage–specific manner. In normal and hyperestrogenic tissues – for example, in the endometrium during the proliferative phase or in grade 1 estrogen‐related endometrial adenocarcinomas – EIG121 is markedly up‐regulated."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Its transcription can be driven by alternative promoters, leading to the production of isoforms that may differ in size and temporal expression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Functionally, EIG121 encodes a transmembrane protein that localizes predominantly to the plasma membrane as well as late endosome–lysosome compartments. Overexpression studies have demonstrated that increased levels of EIG121 promote the formation of autophagic vacuoles and lysosomal degradation of long-lived proteins, thereby activating autophagy. This enhancement of autophagy appears to provide a cytoprotective role for cells under stressful conditions such as starvation or exposure to cytotoxic agents. Conversely, knockdown of EIG121 impairs autophagic flux and makes cells more susceptible to apoptosis when challenged by these stressors."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Furthermore, because of its regulation by estrogen and its differential expression between hormone‐dependent tumor types, EIG121 has been proposed as a potential biomarker. In cancers such as endometrial and ovarian carcinomas, its expression level has been correlated with disease phenotype and prognosis. In some contexts, high EIG121 expression is associated with a protective autophagy mechanism that supports cell survival, whereas in others it may identify tumors that are more responsive to hormonal manipulation. Thus, EIG121 (ELAPOR1, as referenced here) appears to represent a multifunctional protein acting at the crossroads of estrogen signaling, autophagy regulation, and cell survival, with potential utility both as a prognostic marker and as a therapeutic target in hormone‐driven cancers.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lei Deng, Russell R Broaddus, Adrienne McCampbell, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of a novel estrogen-regulated gene, EIG121, induced by hormone replacement therapy and differentially expressed in type I and type II endometrial cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Cancer Res (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-1189"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-1189"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16322283"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16322283"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tetsuro Araki, Morioh Kusakabe, Eisuke Nishida "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Expression of estrogen induced gene 121-like (EIG121L) during early Xenopus development."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gene Expr Patterns (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.modgep.2007.03.004"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.modgep.2007.03.004"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17475571"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17475571"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "L Deng, J Feng, R R Broaddus "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The novel estrogen-induced gene EIG121 regulates autophagy and promotes cell survival under stress."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Death Dis (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/cddis.2010.9"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2010.9"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21072319"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21072319"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiaomin Ran, Ping Zhou, Keqiang Zhang "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Autophagy plays an important role in stemness mediation and the novel dual function of EIG121 in both autophagy and stemness regulation of endometrial carcinoma JEC cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Oncol (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3892/ijo.2017.4047"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2017.4047"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28656197"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28656197"}]}]}]}