{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n FAM174C (also known as C19orf24) is a recently evolved gene with evidence suggesting a specialized role in human physiology. Studies have demonstrated that FAM174C encodes a non‐classically secreted protein that lacks a conventional signal peptide and does not traverse the Golgi apparatus, indicating that it is secreted via an alternative, as‐yet–uncharacterized pathway. Expression analysis revealed that its mRNA is predominantly found in normal liver tissue, and evolutionary studies indicate that this gene is confined to Homo sapiens and Pan troglodytes and is subject to purifying selection—implying the protein may perform a unique, irreplaceable function. In the context of genetic disorders, deletions spanning its locus, as observed in Peutz–Jeghers syndrome patients, do not seem to alter the classical phenotype, suggesting that haploinsufficiency of FAM174C is clinically tolerated. Moreover, differential expression studies in metastatic colorectal cancer have identified upregulation of FAM174C in patients responding to FOLFOX therapy, pointing to its potential as a biomarker and implicating it in pathways related to autophagy, apoptosis, and cell signaling. Collectively, these findings support a role for FAM174C as a novel secreted protein with possible involvement in liver physiology and cancer biology, although its full range of functions awaits further elucidation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nicoletta Resta, Roberto Giorda, Rosanna Bagnulo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Breakpoint determination of 15 large deletions in Peutz-Jeghers subjects."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Genet (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00439-010-0859-7"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-010-0859-7"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20623358"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20623358"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xin-Rong Wang, Yu-Bo Zhou, Feng Liu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A novel recently evolved gene C19orf24 encodes a non-classical secreted protein."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Mol Biol Lett (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.2478/s11658-006-0014-6"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.2478/s11658-006-0014-6"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16847563"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16847563"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wei Lu, Dongliang Fu, Xiangxing Kong, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FOLFOX treatment response prediction in metastatic or recurrent colorectal cancer patients via machine learning algorithms."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Med (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/cam4.2786"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.2786"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31893575"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31893575"}]}]}]}