{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAlthough none of the provided abstracts directly mention FAM90A26, they collectively elucidate critical functions of the ATF6 family—most notably ATF6β—in maintaining endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis and modulating immune and stress responses. In the context of host–pathogen interactions, studies have shown that the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii uses its virulence factor ROP18 to target and destabilize ATF6β, thereby impairing ATF6β‐dependent immune defenses and promoting parasite survival."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \nIn addition, the ATF6 isoforms have been demonstrated to exert tightly coordinated yet distinct effects on the unfolded protein response (UPR). Comparative studies reveal that while ATF6α is primarily involved in upregulating ER chaperones and managing acute stress, ATF6β plays a moderating role that influences cell proliferation, hypertrophic responses in the heart under pressure overload, and insulin production in pancreatic β cells. These gene‐dose-dependent interactions underscore a complex regulatory network vital for cellular adaptation to ER stress."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "3", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\nMoreover, in the nervous system ATF6β has emerged as a key regulator of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, predominantly through its control of calreticulin expression. Deficiency in ATF6β leads to reduced ER Ca2+ stores and heightened neuronal vulnerability to ER stress and excitotoxicity, which manifest behaviorally as anxiety-like symptoms and hyperactivity. These findings highlight the significance of the ATF6β–calreticulin axis in neuronal survival and in the regulation of behavioral responses under stress."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Masahiro Yamamoto, Ji Su Ma, Christina Mueller, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "ATF6beta is a host cellular target of the Toxoplasma gondii virulence factor ROP18."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Exp Med (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1084/jem.20101660"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20101660"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21670204"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21670204"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Masahiro Yamamoto, Kiyoshi Takeda "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Inhibition of ATF6β-dependent host adaptive immune response by a Toxoplasma virulence factor ROP18."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Virulence (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4161/viru.3.1.18340"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4161/viru.3.1.18340"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22286708"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22286708"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "M Forouhan, K Mori, R P Boot-Handford "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Paradoxical roles of ATF6α and ATF6β in modulating disease severity caused by mutations in collagen X."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Matrix Biol (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.004"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.004"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29522813"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29522813"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Robert N Correll, Kelly M Grimes, Vikram Prasad, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Overlapping and differential functions of ATF6α versus ATF6β in the mouse heart."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41598-019-39515-5"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39515-5"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30765833"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30765833"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ryoko Akai, Hisayo Hamashima, Michiko Saito, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Partial limitation of cellular functions and compensatory modulation of unfolded protein response pathways caused by double-knockout of ATF6α and ATF6β."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Stress Chaperones (2024)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cstres.2023.11.002"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstres.2023.11.002"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "38320450"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38320450"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dinh Thi Nguyen, Thuong Manh Le, Tsuyoshi Hattori, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The ATF6β-calreticulin axis promotes neuronal survival under endoplasmic reticulum stress and excitotoxicity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41598-021-92529-w"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92529-w"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34158584"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34158584"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Takashi Tanaka, Dinh Thi Nguyen, Nichakarn Kwankaew, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "ATF6β Deficiency Elicits Anxiety-like Behavior and Hyperactivity Under Stress Conditions."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neurochem Res (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s11064-023-03900-4"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-023-03900-4"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "36853481"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36853481"}]}]}]}