{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Long non‐coding RNA FEZF1‐AS1 is emerging as a potent oncogenic regulator in a wide spectrum of human cancers. In gastric cancer, for example, FEZF1‐AS1 is frequently upregulated and promotes cell proliferation and invasion by interacting with chromatin modifiers such as LSD1 to epigenetically repress tumor suppressor genes (e.g. P21), thereby accelerating cell cycle progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In colorectal cancer, elevated FEZF1‐AS1 levels correlate with advanced disease and poor prognosis; its oncogenic role is partly executed by upregulating its sense‐cognate gene FEZF1 and by repressing other tumor suppressors—for instance, through interactions with LSD1 that lead to reduced KLF2 expression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, in breast cancer stem‐like cells, FEZF1‐AS1 reinforces stemness properties and tumor growth."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In cervical cancer, high FEZF1‐AS1 expression is significantly associated with advanced stage, distant metastasis, and reduced overall survival; its tumor‐promoting effects are mediated by diverse competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanisms—for example, by sponging miR‑367‑3p and miR‑1254 to derepress oncogenes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "6", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In retinoblastoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma, FEZF1‐AS1 similarly exerts oncogenic effects by binding to suppressive microRNAs such as miR‑363‑3p and miR‑196a, thereby enhancing cell viability, migration, and invasion."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In non‐small cell lung cancer, FEZF1‐AS1 functions as a ceRNA, sequestering miR‑34a to upregulate NOTCH1 and promote invasive capacities, and its circulating levels have been proposed as a promising diagnostic biomarker."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Additional evidence in colorectal cancer further implicates FEZF1‐AS1 in enhancing tumor progression via the miR‑363‑3p/PRRX1 axis"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and in glioblastoma by targeting the miR‑363‑3p/NOB1 pathway."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, in osteosarcoma, FEZF1‐AS1 promotes the Warburg effect and cell proliferation while suppressing apoptosis by sponging miR‑144 to regulate CXCR4 levels."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these studies underscore the multifaceted oncogenic functions of FEZF1‐AS1, which—through ceRNA mechanisms and epigenetic modulation—drives cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metabolic reprogramming in diverse tumor types. The consistent upregulation of FEZF1‐AS1 and its association with aggressive clinical features across cancers highlight its potential as both a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yan-Wen Liu, Rui Xia, Kai Lu, et al. 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