{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Forkhead box P4 antisense RNA 1 (FOXP4‐AS1) is a long noncoding RNA that is frequently overexpressed in a wide spectrum of malignancies—including prostate cancer, osteosarcoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, mantle cell lymphoma, non‐small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, colorectal cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and others—and its high expression is generally associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes (see, for example."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Mechanistically, FOXP4‐AS1 promotes tumorigenesis by enhancing cellular proliferation, migration, invasion and by suppressing apoptosis. It frequently acts as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging microRNAs—such as miR‐3184‐5p, miR‐423‐5p, and miR‐136‐5p—to indirectly upregulate oncogenic targets like FOXP4, EIF5A, STMN1, NACC1, and CBX4."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}, {"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "5", "end_ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In some contexts, FOXP4‐AS1 stabilizes nearby or functionally relevant mRNAs by interacting with RNA binding proteins (for example, IGF2BP2 in esophageal carcinoma) or acts as a molecular scaffold by recruiting epigenetic modifiers such as enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and lysine‐specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) to alter histone modifications and repress tumor suppressor genes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, transcription factors including PAX5, YY1, and ATF3 have been reported to drive the upregulation of FOXP4‐AS1 and its partner genes (for instance, FOXP4 itself) in several cancers."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Emerging evidence further suggests that FOXP4‐AS1 may modulate immune‐related signaling pathways—for example, by impacting PD‐1/CTLA4 signaling in ovarian cancer or by altering the tumor immune microenvironment in Ewing sarcoma."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Notably, recent genomic analyses have also implicated FOXP4‐AS1 as a genetic risk factor associated not only with cancer incidence but also with the onset and severity of COVID‐19"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", highlighting its broader clinical significance. Finally, studies in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma have underscored the potential of FOXP4‐AS1 as both a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "13", "end_ref": "19"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In summary, FOXP4‐AS1 exerts oncogenic effects by functioning as a ceRNA, serving as an epigenetic scaffold, and interacting with key transcription factors and RNA‐binding proteins. These multifaceted mechanisms contribute to cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration and immune evasion, thereby marking FOXP4‐AS1 as an independent prognostic biomarker and a promising candidate for targeted therapy across diverse tumor types.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xingcheng Wu, Yu Xiao, Yi Zhou, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LncRNA FOXP4-AS1 is activated by PAX5 and promotes the growth of prostate cancer by sequestering miR-3184-5p to upregulate FOXP4."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Death Dis (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41419-019-1699-6"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-019-1699-6"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31209207"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31209207"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lei Yang, Dawei Ge, Xi Chen, et al. 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