{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nGAPLINC is an oncogenic long noncoding RNA that has been implicated in the progression and metastasis of multiple cancers. Elevated levels of GAPLINC have been observed in colorectal cancer, non‐small cell lung cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, osteosarcoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma, where its overexpression correlates with larger tumor size, advanced stage, metastasis, and poorer overall prognosis. Functional studies reveal that GAPLINC promotes cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition by interacting with proteins such as PTB‐associated splicing factor (PSF) and NONO, thereby modulating transcription factors like SNAI2 and adhesion molecules including CD44."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its oncogenic roles, GAPLINC has been shown to contribute to the regulation of angiogenesis. Under hypoxic conditions in endothelial cells, increased expression of GAPLINC results in the downregulation of miR-211 and subsequent upregulation of pro-survival and angiogenic mediators such as Bcl2, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, and DLL4. This modulation leads to enhanced cell migration and vessel formation through the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMoreover, emerging evidence indicates that GAPLINC serves as a negative regulator of inflammation in innate immune cells. In macrophages, GAPLINC is highly expressed following differentiation but is rapidly downregulated upon inflammatory activation. Loss of GAPLINC leads to a heightened basal expression of inflammatory genes via increased nuclear NF-κB, which in turn confers resistance to lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxic shock. These findings underscore the multifunctional nature of GAPLINC in both tumor biology and immune regulation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Peng Yang, Tao Chen, Zipeng Xu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Long noncoding RNA GAPLINC promotes invasion in colorectal cancer by targeting SNAI2 through binding with PSF and NONO."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncotarget (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.18632/oncotarget.9741"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.9741"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27259250"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27259250"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shian Liao, Sijia Zhou, Chao Wang "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "GAPLINC is a predictor of poor prognosis and regulates cell migration and invasion in osteosarcoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biosci Rep (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1042/BSR20181171"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20181171"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30177521"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30177521"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Haiting Gu, Junfeng Chen, Yukang Song, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gastric Adenocarcinoma Predictive Long Intergenic Non-Coding RNA Promotes Tumor Occurrence and Progression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer via Regulation of the miR-661/eEF2K Signaling Pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Physiol Biochem (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1159/000495831"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1159/000495831"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30522114"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30522114"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "H-H Chen, J Zong, S-J Wang "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LncRNA GAPLINC promotes the growth and metastasis of glioblastoma by sponging miR-331-3p."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.26355/eurrev_201901_16772"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_201901_16772"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30657584"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30657584"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wanwei Liu, Jiwei Xu, Caiyun Zhang "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clinical usefulness of gastric adenocarcinoma predictive long intergenic noncoding RNA in human malignancies: A meta-analysis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pathol Res Pract (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.prp.2019.03.016"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2019.03.016"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30904361"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30904361"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Weijia Zhang, Hui Yao, Yali Wu "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Poor expression of long-chain noncoding RNA GAPLINC inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and invasion and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anticancer Drugs (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1097/CAD.0000000000000752"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/CAD.0000000000000752"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31415284"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31415284"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yangyan He, Ziheng Wu, Chenyang Qiu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Long non-coding RNA GAPLINC promotes angiogenesis by regulating miR-211 under hypoxia in human umbilical vein endothelial cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Mol Med (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/jcmm.14678"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.14678"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31589383"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31589383"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Apple Cortez Vollmers, Sergio Covarrubias, Daisy Kuang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A conserved long noncoding RNA, GAPLINC, modulates the immune response during endotoxic shock."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.2016648118"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016648118"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33568531"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33568531"}]}]}]}