{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n FAM71D (also referred to here as GARIN2) appears to play distinct roles in both cancer cell biology and male reproductive physiology. In the context of prostate cancer, a fusion transcript involving FAM71D (the in‐frame MPP5–FAM71D fusion) was identified; its expression is essential for the proliferation of PC346C cancer cells, implicating it in oncogenic processes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " \n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In contrast, FAM71D is predominantly a testis‐specific protein: its expression is developmentally regulated in the testis, with localization in spermatids and retention in the sperm flagella. Here, FAM71D interacts with calmodulin and is crucial for maintaining normal sperm motility. Antibody blocking assays that interfered with FAM71D function led to significant decreases in sperm motility, and reduced expression was correlated with impaired progressive motility in asthenozoospermic patients."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " \n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Moreover, evolutionary analyses indicate that FAM71D is subject to recent positive directional selection in human populations, suggesting its functional importance in spermatogenesis and fertilization may have adaptive significance."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " \n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these findings highlight that FAM71D fulfills a dual role: as part of fusion events that influence prostate cancer cell growth and as a key testis‐specific factor critical for sperm motility and potentially male fertility.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "I Teles Alves, T Hartjes, E McClellan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Next-generation sequencing reveals novel rare fusion events with functional implication in prostate cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogene (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/onc.2013.591"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2013.591"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24488012"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24488012"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Qian Ma, Yuchi Li, Manling Luo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The expression characteristics of FAM71D and its association with sperm motility."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Reprod (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/humrep/dex290"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dex290"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29025071"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29025071"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Helmut Schaschl, Bernard Wallner "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Population-specific, recent positive directional selection suggests adaptation of human male reproductive genes to different environmental conditions."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Evol Biol (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12862-019-1575-0"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1575-0"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32054438"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32054438"}]}]}]}